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Zupanc A, Petkovšek M, Zdovc B, Žagar E, Zupanc M. Degradation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) by acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 109:107020. [PMID: 39126990 PMCID: PMC11365383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the degradation of HPMC on a laboratory scale by acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation. The effects of temperature and the addition of an external oxidizing agent on the effectiveness of HPMC degradation were systematically investigated by SEC/MALS-RI, FTIR and 1H NMR. The results of the experiments without cavitation show that an external oxidizing agent alone reduces the weight-average molar mass at 60 °C in 30 min for 45.1 % (from 335 to 184 kg mol-1). However, the weight-average molar mass of HPMC decreased significantly more in the cavitation treatment, for 98.8 % (from 335 to 4 kg mol-1) in 30 min at optimal operating conditions of hydrodynamic cavitation (i.e. addition of external oxidant and 60 °C) with a concomitant narrowing of the molar mass distribution, as shown by the dispersity value, which decreased from 2.24 to 1.31. Compared to acoustic cavitation, hydrodynamic cavitation also proved to be more energy efficient. The FTIR spectra of the cavitated HPMC samples without the addition of H2O2 show negligible oxidation of the hydroxyl groups and the glycosidic bonds, confirming that mechanical effects predominate in HPMC degradation in these cases. In contrast, when H2O2 was added, FTIR and 1H NMR show typical signals for cellulose oxidation products, especially when the experiments were performed at 60 °C, confirming that chemical as well as mechanical effects are responsible for the extensive HPMC degradation in these cases. Since treatment methods that lead to lower molar masses and narrower molar mass distributions of the polymers are lacking or require longer treatment times (e.g. 24 h), mechanochemical treatment methods such as cavitation have great potential, as they enable faster polymer degradation (in our case 30 min) through a combination of mechanical and/or chemical degradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Zupanc
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Martin Petkovšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Blaž Zdovc
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia.
| | - Mojca Zupanc
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia.
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Kim HJ, Kim BC, Park H, Cho G, Lee T, Kim HT, Bhatia SK, Yang YH. Microbial production of levulinic acid from glucose by engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440. J Biotechnol 2024; 395:161-169. [PMID: 39343057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Levulinic acid(LA) is produced through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and dehydration of lignocellulosic biomass. It is a key platform chemical used as an intermediate in various industries including biofuels, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. Traditional LA production uses chemical conversion, which requires high temperatures and pressures, strong acids, and produces undesirable side reactions, repolymerization products, and waste problems Therefore, we designed an integrated process to produce LA from glucose through metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. As a metabolic engineering strategy, codon optimized phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase (AroG), 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (AsbF), and acetoacetate decarboxylase (Adc) were introduced to express genes of the shikimate and β-ketoadipic acid pathways, and the 3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase (pcaIJ) gene was deleted to prevent loss of biosynthetic intermediates. To increase the accumulation of the produced LA, the lva operon encoding levulinyl-CoA synthetase (LvaE) was deleted resulting in the high LA-producing strain P. putida HP203. Culture conditions such as medium, temperature, glucose concentration, and nitrogen source were optimized, and under optimal conditions, P. putida HP203 strain biosynthesized 36.3 mM (4.2 g/L) LA from glucose in a fed-batch fermentation system. When lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate was used as the substrate, this strain produced 7.31 mM of LA. This is the first report of microbial production of LA from glucose by P. putida. This study suggests the possibility of manipulating biosynthetic pathway to produce biological products from glucose for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Park
- Corporate R&D, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunsang Cho
- Corporate R&D, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Corporate R&D, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Andrew LJ, Lizundia E, MacLachlan MJ. Designing for Degradation: Transient Devices Enabled by (Nano)Cellulose. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401560. [PMID: 39221689 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Transient technology involves materials and devices that undergo controlled degradation after a reliable operation period. This groundbreaking strategy offers significant advantages over conventional devices based on non-renewable materials by limiting environmental exposure to potentially hazardous components after disposal, and by increasing material circularity. As the most abundant naturally occurring polymer on Earth, cellulose is an attractive material for this purpose. Besides, (nano)celluloses are inherently biodegradable and have competitive mechanical, optical, thermal, and ionic conductivity properties that can be exploited to develop sustainable devices and avoid the end-of-life issues associated with conventional systems. Despite its potential, few efforts have been made to review current advances in cellulose-based transient technology. Therefore, this review catalogs the state-of-the-art developments in transient devices enabled by cellulosic materials. To provide a wide perspective, the various degradation mechanisms involved in cellulosic transient devices are introduced. The advanced capabilities of transient cellulosic systems in sensing, photonics, energy storage, electronics, and biomedicine are also highlighted. Current bottlenecks toward successful implementation are discussed, with material circularity and environmental impact metrics at the center. It is believed that this review will serve as a valuable resource for the proliferation of cellulose-based transient technology and its implementation into fully integrated, circular, and environmentally sustainable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Andrew
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- UBC BioProducts Institute, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Bueno Morón J, Arbore F, van Klink GPM, Mascal M, Gruter GJM. Industrial Routes from Sugars and Biomass to CMF and Other 5-(Halomethyl)furfurals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400495. [PMID: 38899763 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of 5-(halomethyl)furfurals (XMFs, X=F, Cl, Br, I), including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), 5-(bromomethyl)furfural (BMF), 5-(iodomethyl)furfural (IMF), and 5-(fluoromethyl)furfural (FMF), from biomass represents a pivotal advancement in renewable chemistry and engineering. Harnessing waste biomass as a raw material offers a sustainable alternative to fossil-based resources, mitigating environmental degradation and addressing pressing energy needs. CMF and BMF, characterized by their enhanced stability over the hydroxyl analog, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), exhibit promise as renewable building blocks for scale-up and commercialization. The surge in research interest, particularly from 2010 to 2024, reflects a growing recognition of XMFs' potential as novel platform chemicals. This review highlights the evolution of XMF synthesis methods, focusing on their transformation from saccharides and lignocellulosic biomass. Mechanistic insights and experimental setups are scrutinized for industrial feasibility and scalability, shedding light on technical challenges and avenues for further research. The analysis underscores the burgeoning significance of XMFs in the transition towards sustainable chemical production, emphasizing the importance of process optimization and mechanistic understanding for commercial deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bueno Morón
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avantium Chemicals BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Arbore
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard P M van Klink
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avantium Chemicals BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Mascal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Gert-Jan M Gruter
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avantium Chemicals BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A. Mechanochemical Hydrolysis of Polysaccharide Biomass: Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300554. [PMID: 38224154 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces can affect chemical reactions in a way that thermal reactions cannot do, which may have a variety of applications. In biomass conversion, the selective conversion of cellulose and chitin is a grand challenge because they are the top two most abundant resources and recalcitrant materials that are insoluble in common solvents. However, recent works have clarified that mechanical forces enable the depolymerization of these polysaccharides, leading to the selective production of corresponding monomers and oligomers. This article reviews the mechanochemical hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin, particularly focusing on the scope and mechanisms to show a landscape of this research field and future subjects. We introduce the background of mechanochemistry and biomass conversion, followed by recent progress on the mechanochemical hydrolysis of the polysaccharides. Afterwards, a considerable space is devoted to the mechanistic consideration on the mechanochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, 153-8902, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, 001-0021, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Fan Y, Ji H, Ji X, Tian Z, Chen J. Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with a lignin stabilization strategy and valorization toward multipurpose fractionation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129186. [PMID: 38184047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a promising alternative with sustainable advantages for the production of a wide range of renewable products and value-added chemicals. In this study, a pretreatment strategy that use a fully recyclable acid hydrotrope (p-TsOH aqueous solution) to extract lignin and employ glyoxylic acid (GA) to stabilize lignin was proposed for biomass valorization toward multipurpose fractionation. 83.0 % of lignin was dissolved out by p-TsOH hydrotrope (80 wt%) with GA addition to form GA-stabilized product at 80 o C for 15 min. The stabilized lignin was subsequently used as an additive in the preparation of lignin-based suncream. Notably, the incorporation of 4 wt% lignin nanospheres into an SPF15 sunscreen yielded a measured SPF of 59.94. Furthermore, the depolymerization of uncondensed lignin into aromatic monomers yielded a high lignin-oil yield of 84.2 %. Additionally, direct heating of the pretreatment liquor facilitated the conversion of monosaccharides into furfural, achieving a desired yield of 53.7 % without the addition of any acid catalyst. The pretreatment also enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucan, resulting in a saccharification yield of 98.4 %. Moreover, short-term ultrasonication of the pretreated substrate yielded pulp suitable for papermaking. Incorporating 15 wt% fibers into the produced paper sheets led to a 5.3 % increase in tear index and a 25.4 % increase in tensile index. This study presents a viable pretreatment strategy for the multipurpose fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, offering potential avenues for biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hairui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhongjian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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Wu Y, Su C, Liao Z, Zhang G, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Cai D, Qin P, Tan T. Sequential catalytic lignin valorization and bioethanol production: an integrated biorefinery strategy. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:8. [PMID: 38245804 PMCID: PMC10800047 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effective valorization of lignin and carbohydrates in lignocellulose matrix under the concept of biorefinery is a primary strategy to produce sustainable chemicals and fuels. Based on the reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF), lignin in lignocelluloses can be depolymerized into viscous oils, while the highly delignified pulps with high polysaccharides retention can be transformed into various chemicals. RESULTS A biorefinery paradigm for sequentially valorization of the main components in poplar sawdust was constructed. In this process, the well-defined low-molecular-weight phenols and bioethanol were co-generated by tandem chemo-catalysis in the RCF stage and bio-catalysis in fermentation stage. In the RCF stage, hydrogen transfer reactions were conducted in one-pot process using Raney Ni as catalyst, while the isopropanol (2-PrOH) in the initial liquor was served as a hydrogen donor and the solvent for lignin dissolution. Results indicated the proportion of the 2-PrOH in the initial liquor of RCF influenced the chemical constitution and yield of the lignin oil, which also affected the characteristics of the pulps and the following bioethanol production. A 67.48 ± 0.44% delignification with 20.65 ± 0.31% of monolignols yield were realized when the 2-PrOH:H2O ratio in initial liquor was 7:3 (6.67 wt% of the catalyst loading, 200 °C for 3 h). The RCF pulp had higher carbohydrates retention (57.96 ± 2.78 wt%), which was converted to 21.61 ± 0.62 g/L of bioethanol with a yield of 0.429 ± 0.010 g/g in fermentation using an engineered S. cerevisiae strain. Based on the mass balance analysis, 104.4 g of ethanol and 206.5 g of lignin oil can be produced from 1000 g of the raw poplar sawdust. CONCLUSIONS The main chemical components in poplar sawdust can be effectively transformed into lignin oil and bioethanol. The attractive results from the biorefinery process exhibit great promise for the production of valuable biofuels and chemicals from abundant lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Wu
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Su
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Liao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Gege Zhang
- School of International Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Jiang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankun Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peiyong Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Leonarski E, Kuasnei M, Cesca K, Oliveira DD, Zielinski AAF. Black rice and its by-products: anthocyanin-rich extracts and their biological potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9261-9279. [PMID: 37194647 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2211169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, growing demand for products enriched with natural compounds that support human health has been observed. Black rice, its by-products, and residues are known to have in their composition a large amount of these compounds with biological potential, mainly anthocyanins. These compounds have reported effects on anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the extract from black rice or its by-products have great potential for application as ingredients in functional foods, supplements, or pharmacological formulations. This overview summarizes the methods employed for the extraction of anthocyanins from both black rice and its by-products. In addition, trends in applications of these extracts are also evaluated regarding their biological potential. Commonly, the extraction methods used to recover anthocyanins are conventional (maceration) and some emerging technologies (Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction - UAE, and Microwave-Assisted Extraction - MAE). Anthocyanin-rich extracts from black rice have presented a biological potential for human health. In vitro and in vivo assays (in mice) showed these compounds mainly with anti-cancer properties. However, more clinical trials are still needed to prove these potential biological effects. Extracts from black rice and its by-products have great potential in applying functional products with beneficial characteristics to humans and reducing agro-industrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Leonarski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mayara Kuasnei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karina Cesca
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Acácio A F Zielinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Decreasing the Crystallinity and Degree of Polymerization of Cellulose Increases Its Susceptibility to Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation by Colon Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051100. [PMID: 36900616 PMCID: PMC10000603 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose can be isolated from various raw materials and agricultural side streams and might help to reduce the dietary fiber gap in our diets. However, the physiological benefits of cellulose upon ingestion are limited beyond providing fecal bulk. It is barely fermented by the microbiota in the human colon due to its crystalline character and high degree of polymerization. These properties make cellulose inaccessible to microbial cellulolytic enzymes in the colon. In this study, amorphized and depolymerized cellulose samples with an average degree of polymerization of less than 100 anhydroglucose units and a crystallinity index below 30% were made from microcrystalline cellulose using mechanical treatment and acid hydrolysis. This amorphized and depolymerized cellulose showed enhanced digestibility by a cellulase enzyme blend. Furthermore, the samples were fermented more extensively in batch fermentations using pooled human fecal microbiota, with minimal fermentation degrees up to 45% and a more than eight-fold increase in short-chain fatty acid production. While this enhanced fermentation turned out to be highly dependent on the microbial composition of the fecal pool, the potential of engineering cellulose properties to increased physiological benefit was demonstrated.
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Darwish AS, Lemaoui T, AlYammahi J, Taher H, Benguerba Y, Banat F, AlNashef IM. Molecular Insights into Potential Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Furfural Extraction Guided by COSMO-RS and Machine Learning. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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11
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Solvent-Assisted Adsorption of Cellulose on a Carbon Catalyst as a Pretreatment Method for Hydrolysis to Glucose. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose hydrolysis to glucose using a heterogeneous catalyst is a necessary step in producing bio-based chemicals and polymers. The requirement for energy-intensive pretreatments, such as ball milling, to increase the reactivity of cellulose is one of the major issues in this area. Here, we show that by using solvent-assisted adsorption as a pretreatment step, cellulose can be adsorbed on the surface of a carbon catalyst. For adsorption pretreatment, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) performed better than other solvents such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), tetrabutylammonium fluoride/dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMMI]Cl). Hydrolysis after the adsorption of cellulose and the removal of H3PO4 produced a 73% yield of glucose. Partial hydrolysis of cellulose in H3PO4 before adsorption increased the final glucose yield. The glucose yield was proportional to the number of weakly acidic functional groups on the carbon catalyst, indicating the reaction was heterogeneously catalyzed. In a preliminary lab-scale life-cycle analysis (LCA), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per kg of glucose produced through the hydrolysis of cellulose were calculated. The H3PO4-assisted adsorption notably reduces GHG emissions compared to the previously reported ball milling pretreatment.
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Wang Y, Pääkkönen T, Miikki K, Maina NH, Nieminen K, Zitting A, Penttilä P, Tao H, Kontturi E. Degradation of cellulose polymorphs into glucose by HCl gas with simultaneous suppression of oxidative discoloration. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120388. [PMID: 36604066 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As cellulose is the main polysaccharide in biomass, its degradation into glucose is a major undertaking in research concerning biofuels and bio-based platform chemicals. Here, we show that pressurized HCl gas is able to efficiently hydrolyze fibers of different crystalline forms (polymorphs) of cellulose when the water content of the fibers is increased to 30-50 wt%. Simultaneously, the harmful formation of strongly chromophoric humins can be suppressed by a simple addition of chlorite into the reaction system. 50-70 % glucose yields were obtained from cellulose I and II polymorphs while >90 % monosaccharide conversion was acquired from cellulose IIIII after a mild post-hydrolysis step. Purification of the products is relatively unproblematic from a gas-solid mixture, and a gaseous catalyst is easier to recycle than the aqueous counterpart. The results lay down a basis for future practical solutions in cellulose hydrolysis where side reactions are controlled, conversion rates are efficient, and the recovery of products and reagents is effortless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Timo Pääkkönen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Kim Miikki
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ndegwa H Maina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaarlo Nieminen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Aleksi Zitting
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Paavo Penttilä
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
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Larix Sibirica Arabinogalactan Hydrolysis over Zr-SBA-15; Depolymerization Insight. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248756. [PMID: 36557889 PMCID: PMC9788004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan depolymerization over solid Zr-containing SBA-15-based catalyst was studied via HPLC, GPC, and theoretical modeling. Arabinogalactans (AG) are hemicelluloses mainly present in larch wood species, which can be extracted on an industrial scale. The application of solid acid catalysts in the processes of hemicellulose conversion can exclude serious drawbacks such as equipment corrosion, etc. Characterization of 5%Zr-SBA-15 confirmed the successful formation of the mesoporous structure inherent to SBA-15 with fine Zr distribution and strong acidic properties (XRD, XPS, FTIR, pHpzc). Carrying out the process at 130 °C allowed us to achieve total products yield of up to 59 wt%, which is represented mainly by galactose (51 wt%) and minor (less than 9 wt%) presence of arabinose, furfural, 5-HMF, and levulinic acid. The temperature increases up to 150 °C resulted in a total product yield drop down to 37 wt%, making temperature elevation above 130 °C obsolete. According to the theoretical investigations, arabinogalactan depolymerization follows the primary cleavage of the β(1→3) bonds between the D-galactose units of the main chain, which is also confirmed by GPC.
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14
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Biswas S, Rashid TU. Effect of ultrasound on the physical properties and processing of major biopolymers-a review. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8367-8383. [PMID: 36321472 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Designing and developing modern techniques to facilitate the extraction and modification of functional properties of biopolymers are key motivations among researchers. As a low-cost, sustainable, non-toxic, and fast process, ultrasound has been considered a method to improve the processing of carbohydrate and protein-based biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin, starch, alginate, carrageenan, gelatine, and guar gum. A better understanding of the complex physicochemical behavior of biopolymers under ultrasonication may fortify the eminence of this technology in advanced-level applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in biopolymer processing and the effect of ultrasound on the physical properties of the selected biopolymers. A major focus will be given to the mechanisms of action and their impact on the properties and extraction. At the end, some possible suggestions are highlighted which need future investigation for amending the physical properties of biopolymers using ultrasonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA-70803, USA.
| | - Taslim Ur Rashid
- Fiber and Polymer Science, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
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15
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Lin F, Xu M, Ramasamy KK, Li Z, Klinger JL, Schaidle JA, Wang H. Catalyst Deactivation and Its Mitigation during Catalytic Conversions of Biomass. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99354, United States
| | - Mengze Xu
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99354, United States
| | - Karthikeyan K. Ramasamy
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99354, United States
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Energy and Transportation Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
| | | | - Joshua A. Schaidle
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Huamin Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99354, United States
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16
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Chien Truong C, Kumar Mishra D, Hyeok Ko S, Jin Kim Y, Suh YW. Sustainable Catalytic Transformation of Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200178. [PMID: 35286783 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), one of the most important platform molecules in biorefinery, can be directly obtained from a vast diversity of biomass materials. Owing to the reactive functional groups (-CHO and -CH2 OH) in the structure, this versatile building block undertakes several transformations to provide a wealth of high value-added products. Among numerous well-established paradigms, the catalytic hydrogenation of 5-HMF towards 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF) is of great interest because this downstream diol can be exploited in a wide range of industrial applications. Not surprisingly, incessant endeavors from both academia and industry to upgrade this catalytic process have been established over the years. The main aim of this Review was to provide a comprehensive overview on the development of heterogeneous metal catalysts for the 5-HMF-to-BHMTHF transformation. Herein, the rational design and utility of hydrogenating catalysts were elaborated in many aspects including metal types (Ni, Co, Pd, Ru, Pt, and bimetals), solid supports, preparation method, recyclability, operating conditions, and reaction regime (batch and continuous flow). In addition, the assessment of cooperative catalysts to convert carbohydrates into BHMTHF under one-pot cascade, tentative mechanism, as well as prospects and challenges for the chemo-selective hydrogenation of 5-HMF were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chien Truong
- Department of Bio-functional Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeok Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Green Chemistry & Material Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woong Suh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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17
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Lamine W, Guégan F, Jérôme F, Frapper G. Theoretical exploration of the reactivity of cellulose models under non-thermal plasma conditions-mechanistic and NBO studies. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1334-1341. [PMID: 35670154 PMCID: PMC9327522 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic details of cellulose depolymerization by non‐thermal (atmospheric) plasma (NTAP) remains under‐explored given the complexity of the medium. In this study, we have investigated the reaction mechanism of glycosidic‐bond degradation triggered by reaction with hydroxyl radicals, considered as the principal reactive species in NTAP medium. In the first step of reaction sequence, H‐abstraction reactions by HO‧. radical on different C—H sites of the pyranose ring were found to be non‐selective and markedly exergonic giving rise to a set of cellobiosyl carboradicals likely to undergo further reactions. We then showed that cellobiosyl carboradicals are protected against direct hydrolysis, no activation of the (1–4)‐ β‐glycosidic bond being characterized. Interestingly, a simple homolytic bond cleavage allowed to obtain desired monomer. Among the 18 possible fragmentations, involving C—C and C—O bond breaking from cellobiosyl carboradicals, 14 transition states were successfully identified, and only three reaction pathways proved kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to shed light on electronic structures of different compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Lamine
- IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers - CNRS, Poitiers.,Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, UMR 5254, Pau cedex 09, France
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18
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Yao Y, Chen S, Zhang M. Sustainable Approaches to Selective Conversion of Cellulose Into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts: A Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:880603. [PMID: 35620654 PMCID: PMC9127155 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.880603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) as a triply catalytic product is a value-added refining chemical in industry production. 5-HMF as biomass feedstock enables to be transformed into other high-value industrial compounds, such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). Hence, catalytic conversion of biomass into 5-HMF has been given much more attention by chemists. In this review, some latest studies about the conversion of cellulose to 5-HMF have been introduced systematically. Solid acids such as heterogeneous catalysts have been widely applied in the conversion of cellulose into 5-HMF. Therefore, some novel solid acids with Brønsted and/or Lewis acidic sites, such as sulfonated solid acids, carbon-based acids, and zeolite particles employed for biomass conversions are listed.
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19
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Kryeziu A, Slovák V, Parchaňská A. Liquefaction of Cellulose for Production of Advanced Porous Carbon Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081621. [PMID: 35458371 PMCID: PMC9032830 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is a renewable resource for the production of advanced carbonaceous materials for various applications. In addition to direct carbonization, attention has recently been paid to the preparation of porous carbons from liquid cellulose-based precursors. Possible pathways of cellulose conversion to a liquid state suitable for the preparation of porous carbons are summarized in this review. Hydrothermal liquefaction leading to liquid mixtures of low-molecular-weight organics is described in detail together with less common decomposition techniques (microwave or ultrasound assisted liquefaction, decomposition in a strong gravitation field). We also focus on dissolution of cellulose without decomposition, with special attention paid to dissolution of nonderivatized cellulose. For this purpose, cold alkalines, hot acids, ionic liquids, or alcohols are commonly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjeta Kryeziu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ostrava, 30. Dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.P.)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Václav Slovák
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ostrava, 30. Dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Alžběta Parchaňská
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ostrava, 30. Dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.P.)
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20
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Chen H, Li Y, Yu L, Wang S, Ma X, Wang C, Li Y. Hydroxyapatite Supported Manganese Oxide as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2, 5-Diformylfuran. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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22
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Akazawa D, Sasaki T, Nagasaka M, Shiga M. X-ray absorption spectra of aqueous cellobiose: Experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044202. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Akazawa
- Center for Computational Science and e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 178-4-4, Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | | | - Motoyuki Shiga
- Center for Computational Science and e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 178-4-4, Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
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23
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Liu S, Ren Z, Fakudze S, Shang Q, Chen J, Liu C, Han J, Tian Z. Structural Evolution of Graphitic Carbon Derived from Ionic Liquids-Dissolved Cellulose and Its Application as Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:320-331. [PMID: 34962819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With an attempt to replace petroleum-derived commercial graphite (CG) with biomass-derived carbon, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMIMAcO) was facilely carbonized to prepare cellulose-derived carbon under a low-temperature range of 250-1600 °C. TEM and AFM results revealed structural evolution of carbon nanosheets starting from carbon dots. The XRD and Raman results showed that the degree of crystallinity of the MCC-derived carbon was apparently enhanced as the temperature was increased to 93.02% at 1600 °C, while the XPS results revealed that the nitrogen content was greatly reduced with increasing temperature. BMIMAcO not only induced low-temperature graphitization of MCC-derived carbon but also provided nitrogen doping for the carbon. Used as an anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the carbon synthesized at 750 °C showed the best cyclic stability and reversible capacity (1052.22 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 after 100 cycles and 1017.46 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles) compared to other MCC-derived carbon and CG. In addition, the costs of cellulose-derived carbon are much lower than those of the petroleum-derived graphite, showing environmental and economical merits for LIB anode production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoya Ren
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Sandile Fakudze
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing 210042, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Environmental & Energy Materials, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Chengguo Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing 210042, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Han
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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24
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Yang Y, Qi H, Xu Z, Zhang ZC. Evolution of catalytically active species in paired PdCl2-CuCl2/[BMim]Cl for hydrolysis of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we identified the prevailing catalytically active species evolved from paired PdCl2-CuCl2 in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMim]Cl) that displayed dramatic synergism between the two metal chlorides in catalyzing the...
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25
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Foo ML, Ooi CW, Tan KW, Chew IML. Preparation of black cumin seed oil Pickering nanoemulsion with enhanced stability and antioxidant potential using nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132108. [PMID: 34509022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The groundbreaking innovation and industrialization are ushering in a new era where technology development is integrated with the sustainability of materials. Over the decade, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) obtained from lignocellulosic biomass had created a great value in various aspects. The abundantly available empty fruit bunch (EFB) in the palm oil industry has motivated us to utilize it as a sustainable alternative for the isolation of NCC, which is a worthwhile opportunity to the waste management of EFB. Taking advantage of the shape anisotropy and amphiphilic character, NCC has been demonstrated as a natural stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsion. In this work, preparation of highly stable Pickering nanoemulsion using black cumin seed oil and NCC was attempted. Black cumin seed oil is a class of plant oil with various nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits. However, its poor solubility could substantially lower the therapeutic effect, and thus, requires a delivery system to overcome this limitation. The role of NCC in the formation of stable Pickering nanoemulsion was investigated. The emulsification process was found crucial to the resulting droplet size, whereas NCC contributed critically to its stabilization. The droplet size obtained from ultrasonication and microfluidization was approximately 400 nm, as examined using transmission electron microscopy. The droplet (oil-to-water = 2:8) has long-term stability against creaming and coalescence for more than six months. The nanoemulsion stabilized by NCC could allow a better absorption by the human body, thereby maximizing the potential of black cumin seed oil in the personal care and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Foo
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wei Tan
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Irene M L Chew
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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26
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Xin H, Wang H, Hu X, Zhuang X, Yan L, Wang C, Ma L, Liu Q. Cellulose hydrogenolysis to alcohol and ketone products using Co@C catalysts in the phosphoric acid aqueous solution. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combining encapsulated Co@C catalyst and H3PO4 aqueous solution, high value-added chemicals that are widely used in various fields can be obtained from renewable biomass materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Xin
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzheng Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Long Yan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiying Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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27
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Yang G, Luo X, Shuai L. Bioinspired Cellulase-Mimetic Solid Acid Catalysts for Cellulose Hydrolysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:770027. [PMID: 34869284 PMCID: PMC8639226 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.770027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose produced by catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose is an important platform molecule for producing a variety of potential biobased fuels and chemicals. Catalysts such as mineral acids and enzymes have been intensively studied for cellulose hydrolysis. However, mineral acids show serious limitations concerning equipment corrosion, wastewater treatment and recyclability while enzymes have the issues such as high cost and thermal stability. Alternatively, solid acid catalysts are receiving increasing attention due to their high potential to overcome the limitations caused by conventional mineral acid catalysts but the slow mass transfer between the solid acid catalysts and cellulose as well as the absence of ideal binding sites on the surface of the solid acid catalysts are the key barriers to efficient cellulose hydrolysis. To bridge the gap, bio-inspired or bio-mimetic solid acid catalysts bearing both catalytic and binding sites are considered futuristic materials that possess added advantages over conventional solid catalysts, given their better substrate adsorption, high-temperature stability and easy recyclability. In this review, cellulase-mimetic solid acid catalysts featuring intrinsic structural characteristics such as binding and catalytic domains of cellulase are reviewed. The mechanism of cellulase-catalyzed cellulose hydrolysis, design of cellulase-mimetic catalysts, and the issues related to these cellulase-mimetic catalysts are critically discussed. Some potential research directions for designing more efficient catalysts for cellulose hydrolysis are proposed. We expect that this review can provide insights into the design and preparation of efficient bioinspired cellulase-mimetic catalysts for cellulose hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Yang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Shuai
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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28
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Cellulose bionanocomposites for sustainable planet and people: A global snapshot of preparation, properties, and applications. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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29
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Insight into Biomass Upgrade: A Review on Hydrogenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226848. [PMID: 34833940 PMCID: PMC8619504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in the transformation of biobased 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into a potential liquid fuel, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), are summarised. This review focuses briefly on the history of HMF conversion to DMF in terms of the feedstock used and emphasises the ideal requirements in terms of the catalytic properties needed in HMF transformation into DMF. The recent state of the art and works on HMF transformation into DMF are discussed in comparison to noble metals and non-noble metals as well as bimetallic catalysts. The effect of the support used and the reaction conditions are also discussed. The recommendations for future work and challenges faced are specified.
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30
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Djakovitch L, Essayem N, Eternot M, Rataboul F. A Landscape of Lignocellulosic Biopolymer Transformations into Valuable Molecules by Heterogeneous Catalysis in C'Durable Team at IRCELYON. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226796. [PMID: 34833888 PMCID: PMC8621028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article highlights part of the research activity of the C’Durable team at IRCELYON in the field of sustainable chemistry. This review presents a landscape of the work performed on the valorization of lignocellulosic biopolymers. These studies intend to transform cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin into valuable molecules. The methodology usually consists in evaluating the behavior of the biopolymers in the absence of catalyst under various conditions (solvent, temperature), and then to assess the influence of a catalyst, most often a heterogeneous catalyst, on the reactivity. The most significant results obtained on the upgrading of cellulose and lignin, which have been mainly investigated in the team, will be presented with an opening on studies involving raw lignocellulose.
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Yang Y, Qi H, Li H, Xu Z, Liu X, Yu S, Zhang ZC. Heterometallic Pd II–Cl–Cu I Catalyst for Efficient Hydrolysis of β-1,4-Glycosidic Bonds in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Huixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Zhanwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shuyin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, P.R. China
| | - Zongchao Conrad Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
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Fractionation of Cynara cardunculus L. by Acidified Organosolv Treatment for the Extraction of Highly Digestible Cellulose and Technical Lignin. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13168714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary targets for the new lignocellulosic feedstock-based biorefinery is the simultaneous valorization of holocellulose and lignin. Acidified organosolv treatment is among the most promising strategy for recovering technical lignin, water-soluble hemicellulose, and cellulose pulp with increased accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes. In this work, a design-of-experiment (DoE) approach was used to increase the cellulose recovery, digestibility, and the delignification of Cynara cardunculus L. feedstock. In the first treatment, the milled biomass was subjected to microwave-assisted extraction using an acidified GVL/water mixture to separate lignin and hemicellulose from cellulose. In the second treatment, the cellulose pulp was hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes to demonstrate the enhanced digestibility. At the optimal condition (154 °C, 2.24% H2SO4, and 0.62 GVL/water ratio), the cellulose pulp showed a cellulose content of 87.59%, while the lignin content was lower than 8%. The cellulose recovery and digestibility were equal to 79.46% and 86.94%, respectively. About 40% of the initial hemicellulose was recovered as monosaccharides. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the two-step organosolv treatment for biomass fractionation; however, as suggested by DoE analysis, a confirmative study at a low temperature (<154 °C) should be performed to further increase the cellulose recovery.
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Kobayashi H, Suzuki Y, Sagawa T, Kuroki K, Hasegawa JY, Fukuoka A. Impact of tensile and compressive forces on the hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15908-15916. [PMID: 34160486 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01650d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry enables unique reaction pathways in comparison to conventional thermal reactions. Notably, it can achieve selective hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin, a set of abundant and recalcitrant biomass, by solvent-free ball-milling in the presence of acid catalysts. Although the merits of mechanochemistry for this reaction are known, the reaction mechanism is still unclear. Here, we show how the mechanical forces produced by ball-milling activate the glycosidic bonds of carbohydrate molecules towards hydrolysis. This work uses experimental and theoretical evaluations to clarify the mechanism. The experimental results reveal that the ball-mill accelerates the hydrolysis by mechanical forces rather than local heat. Meanwhile, the classical and quantum mechanics calculations indicate the subnano to nano Newton order of tensile and compressive forces that activate polysaccharide molecules in the ball-milling process. Although previous studies have taken into account only the stretching of the molecules, our results show that compressive forces are stronger and effective for the activation of glycosidic bonds. Accordingly, in addition to stretching, compression is crucial for the mechanocatalytic reaction. Our work connects the classical physics of ball-milling on a macro scale with molecular activation at a quantum level, which would help to understand and control mechanochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.
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Rajakumar B, Arathala P, Muthiah B. Thermal Decomposition of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran behind Reflected Shock Waves over the Temperature Range of 1179-1361 K. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5406-5422. [PMID: 34128665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermal unimolecular decomposition of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) was studied behind reflected shock waves in a single-pulse shock tube over the temperature range of 1179-1361 K and pressure range of 9-17 atm. Methane, ethylene, ethane, 1,3-butadiene, propylene, acetaldehyde, and acetylene were identified as products in the decomposition of 2-MTHF. A reaction scheme was proposed to explain the mechanism for the observed products. The experimentally determined rate coefficients were best fit to an Arrhenius expression for the overall decomposition and is represented as ktotalexp(1179-1361 K) = (3.23 ± 0.59) × 1011 s-1 exp(-51.3 ± 1.4 kcal mol-1/RT). Quantum chemistry methods were used to calculate the energetics and kinetics of various possible unimolecular dissociation pathways involved in the thermal decomposition of 2-MTHF. The initial decomposition of 2-MTHF occurs predominantly via ring-methyl (C-CH3) single bond fission, leading to the formation of tetrahydrofuran (C4H7O) radical, and methyl radical was found to be the major reaction compared to all the possible initial bond fission, ring opening, and molecular elimination channels. The temperature-dependent rate coefficients for the unimolecular dissociation of 2-MTHF were calculated using the RRKM (Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus) theory in combination with the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level of electronic structure calculations over the temperature range of 800-1500 K. The computed high-pressure limiting rate coefficients for the initial decomposition of 2-MTHF through C-CH3 single bond fission channel were found to be ∼2 times higher in the temperatures between 800 and 900 K, and above this temperature, they agree well with the values reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balla Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Parandaman Arathala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Balaganesh Muthiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Marandi A, Koukabi N, Zolfigol MA. Fabrication of activated carbon sulfuric acid as an excellent and novel solid acid catalyst, evaluating its catalytic activity in synthesizing 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Spiliopoulos P, Spirk S, Pääkkönen T, Viljanen M, Svedström K, Pitkänen L, Awais M, Kontturi E. Visualizing Degradation of Cellulose Nanofibers by Acid Hydrolysis. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1399-1405. [PMID: 33523637 PMCID: PMC8045026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose hydrolysis is an extensively studied process due to its relevance in the fields of biofuels, chemicals production, and renewable nanomaterials. However, the direct visualization of the process accompanied with detailed scaling has not been reported because of the vast morphological alterations occurring in cellulosic fibers in typical heterogeneous (solid/liquid) hydrolytic systems. Here, we overcome this distraction by exposing hardwood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) deposited on silica substrates to pressurized HCl gas in a solid/gas system and examine the changes in individual CNFs by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed that hydrolysis proceeds via an intermediate semi-fibrous stage before objects reminiscent of cellulose nanocrystals were formed. The length of the nanocrystal-like objects correlated well with molar mass, as analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, performed on CNF aerogels hydrolyzed under identical conditions. Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction showed a slight increase in crystallinity index as the hydrolysis proceeded. The results provide a modern visual complement to >100 years of research in cellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Spiliopoulos
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O Box 16300, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Timo Pääkkönen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O Box 16300, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Mira Viljanen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Svedström
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Leena Pitkänen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O Box 16300, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O Box 16300, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O Box 16300, Aalto 00076, Finland
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Heterogeneous Ru Catalysts as the Emerging Potential Superior Catalysts in the Selective Hydrogenation of Bio-Derived Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone: Effect of Particle Size, Solvent, and Support on Activity, Stability, and Selectivity. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of a biomass-derived molecule, levulinic acid (LA), to γ-valerolactone (GVL) has been getting much attention from researchers across the globe recently. This is because GVL has been identified as one of the potential molecules for replacing fossil fuels. For instance, GVL can be catalytically converted into liquid alkenes in the molecular weight range close to that found in transportation fuels via a process that does not require an external hydrogen source. Noble and non-noble metals have been used as catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of LA to GVL. Of these, Ru has been reported to be the most active metal for this reaction. The type of metal supports and solvents has been proved to affect the activity, selectivity, and yields of GVL. Water has been identified as a potential, effective “green” solvent for the hydrogenation of LA to GVL. The use of different sources of H2 other than molecular hydrogen (such as formic acid) has also been explored. In a few instances, the product, GVL, is hydrogenated further to other useful products such as 1,4-pentanediol (PD) and methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF). This review selectively focuses on the potential of immobilized Ru catalysts as a potential superior catalyst for selective hydrogenation of LA to GVL.
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Abstract
Sustainable development is the common goal of the current concepts of bioeconomy and circular economy. In this sense, the biorefineries platforms are a strategic factor to increase the bioeconomy in the economic balance. The incorporation of renewable sources to produce fuels, chemicals, and energy, includes sustainability, reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG), and creating more manufacturing jobs fostering the advancement of regional and social systems by implementing the comprehensive use of available biomass, due to its low costs and high availability. This paper describes the emerging biorefinery strategies to produce fuels (bio-ethanol and γ-valerolactone) and energy (pellets and steam), compared with the currently established biorefineries designed for fuels, pellets, and steam. The focus is on the state of the art of biofuels and energy production and environmental factors, as well as a discussion about the main conversion technologies, production strategies, and barriers. Through the implementation of biorefineries platforms and the evaluation of low environmental impact technologies and processes, new sustainable production strategies for biofuels and energy can be established, making these biobased industries into more competitive alternatives, and improving the economy of the current value chains.
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Xu R, Liu K, Du H, Liu H, Cao X, Zhao X, Qu G, Li X, Li B, Si C. Falling Leaves Return to Their Roots: A Review on the Preparation of γ-Valerolactone from Lignocellulose and Its Application in the Conversion of Lignocellulose. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6461-6476. [PMID: 32961026 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
γ-Valerolactone (GVL), derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass, has been considered as a cost-competitive and green platform chemical. With the increasingly prominent environmental problems, a deep understanding of the preparation and transformation of GVL is highly needed. Based on the latest progress made with GVL, preparation and applications of GVL are summarized and discussed in this Review. In particular, the state-of-the-art in catalytic production of GVL is described based on the use of noble-metal and non-noble-metal catalysts. The application of GVL for the valorization of lignocellulose would improve the yield of target products such as sugar monomers and furfural. Thus, GVL can be produced from lignocellulose and simultaneously it can also be used for the valorization of lignocellulose, just as in the sustainable and renewable cycle, "the falling leaves returns to their roots". This Review is expected to provide valuable reference and new proposal for the further development and better utilization of GVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 at 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 at 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Rolls Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Huayu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 at 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 at 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 at 13 Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
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Xing L, Hu C, Zhang W, Guan L, Gu J. Biodegradable cellulose I (II) nanofibrils/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films with high mechanical properties, improved thermal stability and excellent transparency. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1766-1775. [PMID: 32763405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with cellulose I and II allomorphs were efficiently prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of eucalyptus cellulose under three different conditions followed by mechanical treatments: (i) classical sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cellulose I (CNF-I), (ii) sulfuric acid hydrolysis of mercerized cellulose II (MNF-II), and (iii) solubilization and hydrolysis of cellulose I by concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequent recrystallization in water (RNF-II). Crystal structure, surface chemistry, morphology and thermal properties of three CNFs were investigated and compared. Three CNFs of 2-10 wt% were mixed with PVA to prepare biodegradable composite films. CNF allomorph had significant impact on crystal structure, mechanical and thermal properties of the PVA composites. The maximum Young's modulus of CNF-I/PVA, RNF-II/PVA and MNF-II/PVA were increased by 62, 32 and 44%, respectively. Addition of CNFs raised onset degradation temperature (Tonset) and thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) of PVA nanocomposite, while decreased the melting temperature (Tm). Temperature window (Tonset - Tm) for the melt processing of nanocomposites (10 wt% CNF loading) were increased 2.8, 3.2 and 2.5 times for CNF-I/PVA, RNF-II/PVA and MNF-II/PVA, respectively. All composite films remained excellent transparency with addition of CNFs. This comparative study provided important knowledge of selecting CNF allomorph for fabrication of high-performance CNF/PVA composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Xing
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Chuanshuang Hu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Litao Guan
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jin Gu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Zeng M, Pan X. Insights into solid acid catalysts for efficient cellulose hydrolysis to glucose: progress, challenges, and future opportunities. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1819936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Zeng
- Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Production of Levulinic Acid from Cellulose and Cellulosic Biomass in Different Catalytic Systems. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reasonable and effective use of lignocellulosic biomass is an important way to solve the current energy crisis. Cellulose is abundant in nature and can be hydrolyzed to a variety of important energy substances and platform compounds—for instance, glucose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), etc. As a chemical linker between biomass and petroleum processing, LA has become an ideal feedstock for the formation of liquid fuels. At present, some problems such as low yield, high equipment requirements, difficult separation, and serious environmental pollution in the production of LA from cellulose have still not been solved. Thus, a more efficient and green catalytic system of this process for industrial production is highly desired. Herein, we focus on the reaction mechanism, pretreatment, and catalytic systems of LA from cellulose and cellulosic biomass, and a series of existing technologies for producing LA are reviewed. On the other hand, the industrial production of LA is discussed in depth to improve the yield of LA and make the process economical and energy efficient. Additionally, practical suggestions for the enhancement of the stability and efficiency of the catalysts are also proposed. The use of cellulose to produce LA is consistent with the concept of sustainable development, and the dependence on fossil resources will be greatly reduced through the realization of this process route.
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Wen Z, Ma Z, Mai F, Yan F, Yu L, Jin M, Sang Y, Bai Y, Cui K, Wu K, Chen M, Chen H, Li Y. Catalytic ethanolysis of microcrystalline cellulose over a sulfonated hydrothermal carbon catalyst. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stabilization strategies in biomass depolymerization using chemical functionalization. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:311-330. [PMID: 37127959 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A central feature of most lignocellulosic-biomass-valorization strategies is the depolymerization of all its three major constituents: cellulose and hemicellulose to simple sugars, and lignin to phenolic monomers. However, reactive intermediates, generally resulting from dehydration reactions, can participate in undesirable condensation pathways during biomass deconstruction, which have posed fundamental challenges to commercial biomass valorization. Thus, new strategies specifically aim to suppress condensations of reactive intermediates, either avoiding their formation by functionalizing the native structure or intermediates or selectively transforming these intermediates into stable derivatives. These strategies have provided unforeseen upgrading pathways, products and process solutions. In this Review, we outline the molecular driving forces that shape the deconstruction landscape and describe the strategies for chemical functionalization. We then offer an outlook on further developments and the potential of these strategies to sustainably produce renewable-platform chemicals.
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Garba ZN, Lawan I, Zhou W, Zhang M, Wang L, Yuan Z. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) based materials as emerging adsorbents for the removal of dyes and heavy metals - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:135070. [PMID: 31839314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to overcome such threats posed by water pollution, various processes ranging from physical, chemical as well as biological were applied to get rid of wastewater pollutants. The simplicity, high efficiency and cheapness of an adsorption process make it the most widely used among various other processes. Adsorbents with different properties were used in the adsorption process but this paper was focused on reviewing various articles published by numerous researchers on the isolation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a popular carbohydrate polymer from lignocellulosic biomass and utilization of MCC based materials as effective adsorbents for the successful removal of dyes and heavy metals from synthetic wastewater. The sudden interest on MCC and MCC-based materials as adsorbents cannot be separated from their excellent properties such as renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, economic value, non-toxicity, high mechanical properties and surface area. Upon comparison with established adsorbents reported from literature, MCC-based materials performed excellently well in the adsorption of dyes and heavy metals with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order reported mostly as the best fit models for the generated equilibrium and kinetic data, respectively pointing at the distribution of adsorption sites to be homogeneous as well as the formation of monolayer adsorbate on their surfaces. The various thermodynamic studies reported further revealed the adsorption processes of both dyes and heavy metals onto MCC-based materials to be entropy driven processes, spontaneous, and endothermic. Finally, future research was suggested to focus on optimization to enhance the performance of the MCC-based adsorbents, carrying out the adsorption on real wastewater instead of synthetic ones as well as expanding the range of adsorbates to include other contaminants such as chlorophenols, herbicides, pesticides and others in addition to dyes and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaharaddeen N Garba
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China; Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Ibrahim Lawan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weiming Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, China.
| | - Zhanhui Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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47
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Hirayama J, Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A. Amorphization and Semi-Dry Conversion of Crystalline Cellulose to Oligosaccharides by Impregnated Phosphoric Acid. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirayama
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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Haouache S, Karam A, Chave T, Clarhaut J, Amaniampong PN, Garcia Fernandez JM, De Oliveira Vigier K, Capron I, Jérôme F. Selective radical depolymerization of cellulose to glucose induced by high frequency ultrasound. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2664-2669. [PMID: 34084325 PMCID: PMC8157487 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The depolymerization of cellulose to glucose is a challenging reaction and often constitutes a scientific obstacle in the synthesis of downstream bio-based products. Here, we show that cellulose can be selectively depolymerized to glucose by ultrasonic irradiation in water at a high frequency (525 kHz). The concept of this work is based on the generation of H˙ and ˙OH radicals, formed by homolytic dissociation of water inside the cavitation bubbles, which induce the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. The transfer of radicals on the cellulose particle surfaces prevents the side degradation of released glucose into the bulk solution, allowing maintaining the selectivity to glucose close to 100%. This work is distinguished from previous technologies in that (i) no catalyst is needed, (ii) no external source of heating is required, and (iii) the complete depolymerization of cellulose is achieved in a selective fashion. The addition of specific radical scavengers coupled to different gaseous atmospheres and ˙OH radical dosimetry experiments suggested that H˙ radicals are more likely to be responsible for the depolymerisation of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia Haouache
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-CNRS 1 Rue Marcel Doré 86073 Poitiers France .,INRA, Site de la Géraudière 44316 Nantes France
| | - Ayman Karam
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-CNRS 1 Rue Marcel Doré 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Tony Chave
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, CEA, ENSCM Bagnols-sur-Cèze France
| | - Jonathan Clarhaut
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-CNRS 1 Rue Marcel Doré 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Prince Nana Amaniampong
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-CNRS 1 Rue Marcel Doré 86073 Poitiers France
| | - José M Garcia Fernandez
- Institute for Chemical Research, CSIC and University of Sevilla Americo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Karine De Oliveira Vigier
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-CNRS 1 Rue Marcel Doré 86073 Poitiers France
| | | | - François Jérôme
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-CNRS 1 Rue Marcel Doré 86073 Poitiers France
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49
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Caceres M, Petit E, Deratani A. Partial depolymerization of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose for production of low molar mass polymer chains. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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50
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Xing L, Hu C, Zhang W, Guan L, Gu J. Transition of cellulose supramolecular structure during concentrated acid treatment and its implication for cellulose nanocrystal yield. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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