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Li W, Yu L. Role and therapeutic perspectives of extracellular vesicles derived from liver and adipose tissue in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:355-369. [PMID: 38833340 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2360008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The global epidemic of metabolic diseases has led to the emergence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which pose a significant threat to human health. Despite recent advances in research on the pathogenesis and treatment of MASLD/MASH, there is still a lack of more effective and targeted therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) discovered in a wide range of tissues and body fluids encapsulate different activated biomolecules and mediate intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that EVs derived from the liver and adipose tissue (AT) play vital roles in MASLD/MASH pathogenesis and therapeutics, depending on their sources and intervention types. Besides, adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-derived EVs appear to be more effective in mitigating MASLD/MASH. This review presents an overview of the definition, extraction strategies, and characterisation of EVs, with a particular focus on the biogenesis and release of exosomes. It also reviews the effects and potential molecular mechanisms of liver- and AT-derived EVs on MASLD/MASH, and emphasises the contribution and clinical therapeutic potential of ADSC-derived EVs. Furthermore, the future perspective of EV therapy in a clinical setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Li
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China
- Endocrine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, P.R. China
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2
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Hinz K, Niu M, Ni HM, Ding WX. Targeting Autophagy for Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury: An Update. LIVERS 2024; 4:377-387. [PMID: 39301093 PMCID: PMC11412313 DOI: 10.3390/livers4030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can induce hepatocyte necrosis and acute liver failure in experimental rodents and humans. APAP is mainly metabolized via hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes to generate the highly reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which forms acetaminophen protein adducts (APAP-adducts) and damages mitochondria, triggering necrosis. APAP-adducts and damaged mitochondria can be selectively removed by autophagy. Increasing evidence implies that the activation of autophagy may be beneficial for APAP-induced liver injury (AILI). In this minireview, we briefly summarize recent progress on autophagy, in particular, the pharmacological targeting of SQSTM1/p62 and TFEB in AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Hinz
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mengwei Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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3
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Zeng FL, Zhang Y, Wang ZH, Zhang H, Meng XT, Wu YQ, Qian ZZ, Ding YH, Li J, Ma TT, Huang C. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice via AIM2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1660-1672. [PMID: 38589685 PMCID: PMC11272772 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive acetaminophen (APAP) can induce neutrophil activation and hepatocyte death. Along with hepatocyte dysfunction and death, NETosis (a form of neutrophil-associated inflammation) plays a vital role in the progression of acute liver injury (ALI) induced by APAP overdose. It has been shown that activated neutrophils tend to migrate towards the site of injury and participate in inflammatory processes via formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this study we investigated whether NETs were involved in hepatocyte injury and contributed to APAP-induced ALI progression. ALI mouse model was established by injecting overdose (350 mg/kg) of APAP. After 24 h, blood and livers were harvested for analyses. We showed that excessive APAP induced multiple programmed cell deaths of hepatocytes including pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, accompanied by significantly increased NETs markers (MPO, citH3) in the liver tissue and serum. Preinjection of DNase1 (10 U, i.p.) for two consecutive days significantly inhibited NETs formation, reduced PANoptosis and consequently alleviated excessive APAP-induced ALI. In order to clarify the communication between hepatocytes and neutrophils, we induced NETs formation in isolated neutrophils, and treated HepaRG cells with NETs. We found that NETs treatment markedly increased the activation of GSDMD, caspase-3 and MLKL, while pre-treatment with DNase1 down-regulated the expression of these proteins. Knockdown of AIM2 (a cytosolic innate immune receptor) abolished NETs-induced PANoptosis in HepaRG cells. Furthermore, excessive APAP-associated ALI was significantly attenuated in AIM2KO mice, and PANoptosis occurred less frequently. Upon restoring AIM2 expression in AIM2KO mice using AAV9 virus, both hepatic injury and PANoptosis was aggravated. In addition, we demonstrated that excessive APAP stimulated mtROS production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage, and mtDNA activated the TLR9 pathway to promote NETs formation. Our results uncover a novel mechanism of NETs and PANoptosis in APAP-associated ALI, which might serve as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-le Zeng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xue-Teng Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi-Qin Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Qian
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Hao Ding
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao-Tao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
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4
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Thakur S, Kumar V, Das R, Sharma V, Mehta DK. Biomarkers of Hepatic Toxicity: An Overview. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2024; 100:100737. [PMID: 38860148 PMCID: PMC11163176 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Hepatotoxicity is the foremost issue for clinicians and the primary reason for pharmaceutical product recalls. A biomarker is a measurable and quantifiable attribute used to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment or to diagnose a disease. There are various biomarkers which are used for the detection of liver disease and the intent of liver damage. Objective This review aims to investigate the current state of hepatotoxicity biomarkers and their utility in clinical settings. Using hepatic biomarkers, the presence of liver injury, its severity, prognosis, causative agent, and type of hepatotoxicity can all be determined. Methods Relevant published articles up to 2022 were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and WOS databases using keywords such as drug toxicity, hepatotoxicity biomarkers, biochemical parameters, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Results In clinical trials and everyday practice, biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury are essential for spotting the most severe cases of hepatotoxicity. Hence, developing novel biomarker approaches to enhance hepatotoxicity diagnosis will increase specificity and/or identify the person at risk. Importantly, early clinical studies on patients with liver illness have proved that some biomarkers such as aminotransferase, bilirubin, albumin, and bile acids are even therapeutically beneficial. Conclusions By assessing the unique signs of liver injury, health care professionals can rapidly and accurately detect liver damage and evaluate its severity. These measures contribute to ensuring prompt and effective medical intervention, hence reducing the risk of long-term liver damage and other major health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Rina Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Tavabie OD, Salehi S, Aluvihare VR. The challenges and potential of microRNA-based therapy for patients with liver failure syndromes and hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:179-191. [PMID: 38487923 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2331598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morbidity and mortality from liver disease continues to rise worldwide. There are currently limited curative treatments for patients with liver failure syndromes, encompassing acute liver failure and decompensated cirrhosis states, outside of transplantation. Whilst there have been improvements in therapeutic options for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there remain challenges necessitating novel therapeutic agents. microRNA have long been seen as potential therapeutic targets but there has been limited clinical translation. AREAS COVERED We will discuss the limitations of conventional non-transplant management of patients with liver failure syndromes and HCC. We will provide an overview of microRNA and the challenges in developing and delivering microRNA-based therapeutic agents. We will finally provide an overview of microRNA-based therapeutic agents which have progressed to clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION microRNA have great potential to be developed into therapeutic agents due to their association with critical biological processes which govern health and disease. Utilizing microRNA sponges to target multiple microRNA associated with specific biological processes may improve their therapeutic efficacy. However, there needs to be significant improvements in delivery systems to ensure the safe delivery of microRNA to target sites and minimize systemic distribution. This currently significantly impacts the clinical translation of microRNA-based therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siamak Salehi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Chen SY, Chen X, Zhu S, Xu JJ, Li XF, Yin NN, Xiao YY, Huang C, Li J. miR-324-3p Suppresses Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Hepatic Fibrosis Via Regulating SMAD4 Signaling Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01078-w. [PMID: 38407690 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In hepatic fibrosis (HF), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) form the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the pathological accumulation of ECM in the liver leads to inflammation. Our previous research found that miR-324-3p was down-regulated in culture-activated human HSCs. However, the precise effect of miR-324-3p on HF has not been elucidated. In this study, the HF mouse models were induced through directly injecting carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) into mice; the HF cell models were constructed using TGF-β1-treated LX-2 cells. Next, real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to assess the expression levels of miR-324-3p, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Vimentin or SMAD4; hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson' s trichrome and Sirius red staining to evaluate the liver injury; luciferase reporter assay to verify the targeting relationship between miR-324-3p and SMAD4; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry to evaluate the effects of miR-324-3p on cell proliferation and cycle/apoptosis, respectively. The experimental results showed a reduction in miR-324-3p level in CCl4-induced HF mice as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-activated HSCs. Interestingly, the miR-324-3p level was rescued following the HF recovery process. In HF mice induced by CCl4, miR-324-3p overexpression inhibited liver tissue damage, decreased serum ALT and AST levels, and inhibited fibrosis-related biomarkers (α-SMA, Vimentin) expression, thereby inhibiting HF. Similarly, miR-324-3p overexpression up-regulated α-SMA and Vimentin levels in HF cells, while knockdown of miR-324-3p had the opposite effect. Besides, miR-324-3p played an antifibrotic role through inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocytes. Further experiments confirmed that miR-324-3p targeted and down-regulated SMAD4 expression. SMAD4 was highly expressed in HF cells, and silencing SMAD4 significantly decreased the α-SMA and Vimentin levels in HF cells. Collectively, the miR-324-3p may suppress the activation of HSCs and HF by targeting SMAD4. Therefore, miR-324-3p is identified as a potential and novel therapeutic target for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Intersection of Dongfang Avenue and Wenzhong Road, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sai Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Jin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Na-Na Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Ma Y, Zhao C, Hu H, Yin S. Liver protecting effects and molecular mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113841. [PMID: 37660725 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
As a detoxification and metabolism organ, the liver plays a vital role in human health. However, an excessive consumption of drugs and toxins, exposure to pathogenic viruses, and unhealthy living habits can lead to liver damage, which may even develop into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. is a traditional Chinese medicine and dietary supplement in which the flavonoid icariin is a main functional component. Although the protective mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites against liver injury are not yet comprehensively understood, an increasing number of studies have confirmed their liver-protective and anticancer effects. Indeed, icaritin, one of the metabolites of icariin, is currently utilized as an active component of an anti-cancer drug. This paper presents a review of the molecular mechanisms through which icariin and its metabolites actively protect against the occurrence and development of liver injury, and, thus, provides a comprehensive reference for further research and their application in liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shutao Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Fu Y, Mackowiak B, Feng D, Lu H, Guan Y, Lehner T, Pan H, Wang XW, He Y, Gao B. MicroRNA-223 attenuates hepatocarcinogenesis by blocking hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Gut 2023; 72:1942-1958. [PMID: 36593103 PMCID: PMC11283862 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to block angiogenesis and immunosuppression provides some benefits only for a subset of patients with HCC, thus optimised therapeutic regimens are unmet needs, which require a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which tumour cells orchestrate an inflamed tumour microenvironment with significant myeloid cell infiltration. MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) is highly expressed in myeloid cells but its role in regulating tumour microenvironment remains unknown. DESIGN Wild-type and miR-223 knockout mice were subjected to two mouse models of inflammation-associated HCC induced by injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or orthotopic HCC cell implantation in chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice. RESULTS Genetic deletion of miR-223 markedly exacerbated tumourigenesis in inflammation-associated HCC. Compared with wild-type mice, miR-223 knockout mice had more infiltrated programmed cell death 1 (PD-1+) T cells and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1+) macrophages after DEN+CCl4 administration. Bioinformatic analyses of RNA sequencing data revealed a strong correlation between miR-223 levels and tumour hypoxia, a condition that is well-documented to regulate PD-1/PD-L1. In vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-223 did not directly target PD-1 and PD-L1 in immune cells rather than indirectly downregulated them by modulating tumour microenvironment via the suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-driven CD39/CD73-adenosine pathway in HCC. Moreover, gene delivery of miR-223 via adenovirus inhibited angiogenesis and hypoxia-mediated PD-1/PD-L1 activation in both HCC models, thereby hindering HCC progression. CONCLUSION The miR-223 plays a critical role in modulating hypoxia-induced tumour immunosuppression and angiogenesis, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongkun Lu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Taylor Lehner
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongna Pan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Li Z, Lei Z, Cai Y, Cheng DB, Sun T. MicroRNA therapeutics and nucleic acid nano-delivery systems in bacterial infection: a review. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7804-7833. [PMID: 37539650 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria that have worked with humans for thousands of years pose a major threat to human health even today, as drug resistance has become a prominent problem. Compared to conventional drug therapy, nucleic acid-based therapies are a promising and potential therapeutic strategy for diseases in which nucleic acids are delivered through a nucleic acid delivery system to regulate gene expression in specific cells, offering the possibility of curing intractable diseases that are difficult to treat at this stage. Among the many nucleic acid therapeutic ideas, microRNA, a class of small nucleic acids with special properties, has made great strides in biology and medicine in just over two decades, showing promise in preclinical drug development. In this review, we introduce recent advances in nucleic acid delivery systems and their clinical applications, highlighting the potential of nucleic acid therapies, especially miRNAs extracted from traditional herbs, in combination with the existing set of nucleic acid therapeutic systems, to potentially open up a new line of thought in the treatment of cancer, viruses, and especially bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yilun Cai
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dong-Bing Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Wu J, Wang L, Cui Y, Liu F, Zhang J. Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus: A Comprehensive Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062485. [PMID: 36985457 PMCID: PMC10054501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried bulbs of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB) are called “薤白” in China and are mainly distributed in Asia. The plant species included in the 2020 Edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) are Allium macrostemon Bunge (called xiaogensuan in Chinese, A. macrostemon) and Allium chinense G. Don (called xie in Chinese, A. chinense), respectively. In the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theoretical system, AMB is warm in nature, acrid-bitter taste, and attributive to the heart, lung, stomach, large intestine meridian. AMB has the function of activating Yang and removing stasis, regulating Qi and eliminating stagnation. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that AMB has anti-platelet aggregation, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, cardiomyocyte, vascular endothelial cell protection, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic, and anti-oxidant effects. In some Asian countries, AMB is often used to treat coronary heart disease (CHD), angina pectoris (AP), asthma, and diarrhea. This review collates the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, quality control, and toxicological studies of AMB, and provides an outlook on the current research deficiencies and future research priorities of AMB, intending to provide ideas for future research directions and commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Mitophagy-promoting miR-138-5p promoter demethylation inhibits pyroptosis in sepsis-associated acute lung injury. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:329-346. [PMID: 36538076 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to explore the potential regulatory mechanism between mitophagy and pyroptosis during sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS In vitro or in vivo models of sepsis-associated ALI were established by administering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or performing caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Pyroptosis levels were detected by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was applied to verify the targeting relationship between miR-138-5p and NLRP3. Methylation-specific PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine methylation of the miR-138-5p promoter. Mitophagy levels were examined by transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome silencing alleviated alveolar macrophage (AM) pyroptosis and septic lung injury. In addition, we confirmed the direct targeting relationship between miR-138-5p and NLRP3. Overexpressed miR-138-5p alleviated AM pyroptosis and the pulmonary inflammatory response. Moreover, the decreased expression of miR-138-5p was confirmed to depend on promoter methylation, while inhibition of miR-138-5p promoter methylation attenuated AM pyroptosis and pulmonary inflammation. Here, we discovered that an increased cytoplasmic mtDNA content in sepsis-induced ALI models induced the methylation of the miR-138-5p promoter, thereby decreasing miR-138-5p expression, which may activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and trigger AM pyroptosis. Mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy that clears damaged mitochondria, reduced cytoplasmic mtDNA levels. Furthermore, enhanced mitophagy might suppress miR-138-5p promoter methylation and relieve the pulmonary inflammatory response, changes that were reversed by treatment with isolated mtDNA. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study indicated that mitophagy induced the demethylation of the miR-138-5p promoter, which may subsequently inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome, AM pyroptosis and inflammation in sepsis-induced lung injury. These findings may provide a promising therapeutic target for sepsis-associated ALI.
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Tang X, Xu Q, Yang S, Huang X, Wang L, Huang F, Luo J, Zhou X, Wu A, Mei Q, Zhao C, Wu J. Toll-like Receptors and Thrombopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021010. [PMID: 36674552 PMCID: PMC9864288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the second most abundant blood component after red blood cells and can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. Beyond its traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, it also plays an indispensable role in inflammatory diseases. However, thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic problem in the clinic, and it presents a proportional relationship with the fatality of many diseases. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of thrombocytopenia is of great importance. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is one of the most relevant characteristics of thrombopoiesis and the platelet inflammatory function. We know that the TLR family is found on the surface or inside almost all cells, where they perform many immune functions. Of those, TLR2 and TLR4 are the main stress-inducing members and play an integral role in inflammatory diseases and platelet production and function. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present and discuss the relationship between platelets, inflammation and the TLR family and extend recent research on the influence of the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways and the regulation of platelet production and function. Reviewing the interaction between TLRs and platelets in inflammation may be a research direction or program for the treatment of thrombocytopenia-related and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-186-8307-3667 (C.Z.); +86-139-8241-6641 (J.W.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-186-8307-3667 (C.Z.); +86-139-8241-6641 (J.W.)
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Osthole Alleviates D-Galactose-Induced Liver Injury In Vivo via the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB Pathways. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010443. [PMID: 36615637 PMCID: PMC9824625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osthole, a coumarin derivative, is found in several medicinal herbs. However, the protective effects of osthole against D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced liver injury still remain unclear. In this study, osthole treatment effectively reversed D-Gal-induced liver injury, according to the results of liver HE staining, and improved ALT and AST activities. Feeding with D-Gal significantly increased MDA content, and reduced the level or activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, which were all alleviated by osthole intervention. Meanwhile, osthole treatment significantly inhibited the D-Gal-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, in both serum and liver tissue. Investigations revealed that osthole ameliorated the D-Gal-induced activation of TLR4, MYD88 and its downstream signaling pathways of MAPK (p38 and JNK) and NF-κB (nucleus p65). Therefore, osthole mediates a protective effect against D-Gal-induced liver injury via the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathways, and this coumarin derivative could be developed as a candidate bioactive component for functional food.
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Zhang S, Meng Y, Zhou L, Qiu L, Wang H, Su D, Zhang B, Chan K, Han J. Targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammation: Mechanisms and intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e173. [PMID: 36176733 PMCID: PMC9477794 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that resolution of inflammation is a critical and dynamic endogenous process for host tissues defending against external invasive pathogens or internal tissue injury. It has long been known that autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses, leading to excessive and uncontrol tissue inflammation. The dysregulation of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications to histone proteins, and noncoding RNA expression has been implicated in a host of inflammatory disorders and the immune system. The inflammatory response is considered as a critical trigger of epigenetic alterations that in turn intercede inflammatory actions. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism that dictates the outcome of targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammatory disease is required for inflammation resolution. In this article, we elucidate the critical role of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic inflammatory diseases. And we formulate the relationship between inflammation, coronavirus disease 2019, and human cancers. Additionally, we review the mechanism of epigenetic modifications involved in inflammation and innate immune cells. All that matters is that we propose and discuss the rejuvenation potential of interventions that target epigenetic regulators and regulatory mechanisms for chronic inflammation-associated diseases to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Meng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lian Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dan Su
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsDepartment of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kui‐Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Junhong Han
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and GenomicsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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15
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The Roles of MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) in Melanoma Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314775. [PMID: 36499102 PMCID: PMC9736803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, characterized by life-threatening and rapidly spreading progression. Traditional targeted therapy can alleviate tumors by inactivating hyperactive kinases such as BRAF or MEK but inevitably encounters drug resistance. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment and significantly improved the prognosis of melanoma patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are intricately involved in innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in melanoma immunotherapy. This systematic review describes the roles of miRNAs in regulating the functions of immune cells in skin and melanoma, as well as the involvement of miRNAs in pharmacology including the effect, resistance and immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, which are used for treating cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma. The expressions and functions of miRNAs in immunotherapy employing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists are also discussed. The prospect of innovative therapeutic strategies such as the combined administration of miRNAs and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the nanotechnology-based delivery of miRNAs are also provided. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between miRNAs and immunotherapy is crucial for the discovery of reliable biomarkers and for the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutics against melanoma.
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16
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Li Q, Chen F, Wang F. The immunological mechanisms and therapeutic potential in drug-induced liver injury: lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:187. [PMID: 36414987 PMCID: PMC9682794 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure caused by drug overdose is a significant clinical problem in developed countries. Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but its overdose can cause acute liver failure. In addition to APAP-induced direct hepatotoxicity, the intracellular signaling mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) including metabolic activation, mitochondrial oxidant stress and proinflammatory response further affect progression and severity of AILI. Liver inflammation is a result of multiple interactions of cell death molecules, immune cell-derived cytokines and chemokines, as well as damaged cell-released signals which orchestrate hepatic immune cell infiltration. The immunoregulatory interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during AILI lead to different fate of liver pathology. Thus, better understanding the complex interplay of immune cell subsets in experimental models and defining their functional involvement in disease progression are essential to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AILI. Here, this present review aims to systematically elaborate on the underlying immunological mechanisms of AILI, its relevance to immune cells and their effector molecules, and briefly discuss great therapeutic potential based on inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Feng Chen
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Fei Wang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
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17
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Sharma S, Tyagi T, Antoniak S. Platelet in thrombo-inflammation: Unraveling new therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039843. [PMID: 36451834 PMCID: PMC9702553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the broad range of human diseases, thrombo-inflammation appears as a clinical manifestation. Clinically, it is well characterized in context of superficial thrombophlebitis that is recognized as thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins. However, it is more hazardous when developed in the microvasculature of injured/inflamed/infected tissues and organs. Several diseases like sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion can cause formation of microvascular thrombosis subsequently leading to thrombo-inflammation. Thrombo-inflammation can also occur in cases of antiphospholipid syndrome, preeclampsia, sickle cell disease, bacterial and viral infection. One of the major contributors to thrombo-inflammation is the loss of normal anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory potential of the endothelial cells of vasculature. This manifest itself in the form of dysregulation of the coagulation pathway and complement system, pathologic platelet activation, and increased recruitment of leukocyte within the microvasculature. The role of platelets in hemostasis and formation of thrombi under pathologic and non-pathologic conditions is well established. Platelets are anucleate cells known for their essential role in primary hemostasis and the coagulation pathway. In recent years, studies provide strong evidence for the critical involvement of platelets in inflammatory processes like acute ischemic stroke, and viral infections like Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This has encouraged the researchers to investigate the contribution of platelets in the pathology of various thrombo-inflammatory diseases. The inhibition of platelet surface receptors or their intracellular signaling which mediate initial platelet activation and adhesion might prove to be suitable targets in thrombo-inflammatory disorders. Thus, the present review summarizes the concept and mechanism of platelet signaling and briefly discuss their role in sterile and non-sterile thrombo-inflammation, with the emphasis on role of platelets in COVID-19 induced thrombo-inflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent developments in deciphering the role of the platelets in thrombo-inflammation and discuss their potential as pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- UNC Blood Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tarun Tyagi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- UNC Blood Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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18
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The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma-current situation and outlook. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:218-230. [PMID: 36179604 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most severe malignant tumors that threaten human health, and its incidence is still on the rise recently. In spite of the current emerging treatment strategies, the overall prognosis of liver cancer remains worrying. Currently, immunotherapy has become a new research-active spot. The emergence of immune checkpoints and targeted immune cell therapy can significantly improve the prognosis of HCC. To a large extent, the effect of this immunotherapy depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), an intricate system in which cancer cells and other non-cancer cells display various interactions. Understanding the immunosuppressive situation of these cells, along with the malignant behavior of cancer cells, can assist us to design new therapeutic approaches against tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the TME of HCC for further improvement of clinical treatment. This review discussed the functions of several immunosuppressive cells and exosomes in the latest research progress of HCC, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) interacted actively to facilitate tumor progression. It further describes the treatment methods targeting them and the potential that needs to be explored in the future.
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19
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Long G, Gong R, Wang Q, Zhang D, Huang C. Role of released mitochondrial DNA in acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973089. [PMID: 36059472 PMCID: PMC9433898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury(ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) is a form of acute-onset hypoxemic respiratory failure characterised by an acute, diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, and increased alveolar-capillary permeability, which is caused by a variety of pulmonary or nonpulmonary insults. Recently, aberrant mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) level are associated with the development of ALI/ARDS, and plasma mtDNA level shows the potential to be a promising biomarker for clinical diagnosis and evaluation of lung injury severity. In mechanism, the mtDNA and its oxidised form, which are released from impaired mitochondria, play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and histopathological changes in the lung. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP), mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP), extracellular vesicles (EVs), extracellular traps (ETs), and passive release as the principal mechanisms for the release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm and extracellular compartments respectively. Further, we explain how the released mtDNA and its oxidised form can induce inflammatory cytokine production and aggravate lung injury through the Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9) signalling, cytosolic cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling (cGAS-STING) pathway, and inflammasomes activation. Additionally, we propose targeting mtDNA-mediated inflammatory pathways as a novel therapeutic approach for treating ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyu Long
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dingyu Zhang, ; Chaolin Huang,
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dingyu Zhang, ; Chaolin Huang,
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Yang T, Wang H, Wang X, Li J, Jiang L. The Dual Role of Innate Immune Response in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071057. [PMID: 36101435 PMCID: PMC9312699 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP), a commonly used antipyretic analgesic, is becoming increasingly toxic to the liver, resulting in a high rate of acute hepatic failure in Europe and the United States. Excessive APAP metabolism in the liver develops an APAP-protein adduct, which causes oxidative stress, MPTP opening, and hepatic necrosis. HMGB-1, HSP, nDNA, mtDNA, uric acid, and ATP are DMAPs released during hepatic necrosis. DMAPs attach to TLR4-expressing immune cells such KCs, macrophages, and NK cells, activating them and causing them to secrete cytokines. Immune cells and their secreted cytokines have been demonstrated to have a dual function in acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI), with a role in either proinflammation or pro-regeneration, resulting in contradicting findings and some research confusion. Neutrophils, KCs, MoMFs, NK/NKT cells, γδT cells, DCs, and inflammasomes have pivotal roles in AILI. In this review, we summarize the dual role of innate immune cells involved in AILI and illustrate how these cells initiate innate immune responses that lead to persistent inflammation and liver damage. We also discuss the contradictory findings in the literature and possible protocols for better understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, The Zhenjiang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
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Qiang R, Liu XZ, Xu JC. The Immune Pathogenesis of Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure and the Danger Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935160. [PMID: 35911735 PMCID: PMC9329538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a group of clinical syndromes related to severe acute liver function impairment and multiple-organ failure caused by various acute triggering factors on the basis of chronic liver disease. Due to its severe condition, rapid progression, and high mortality, it has received increasing attention. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of ACLF mainly includes direct injury and immune injury. In immune injury, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells (DCs), and CD4+ T cells accumulate in the liver tissue, secrete a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and recruit more immune cells to the liver, resulting in immune damage to the liver tissue, massive hepatocyte necrosis, and liver failure, but the key molecules and signaling pathways remain unclear. The “danger hypothesis” holds that in addition to the need for antigens, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) also play a very important role in the occurrence of the immune response, and this hypothesis is related to the pathogenesis of ACLF. Here, the research status and development trend of ACLF, as well as the mechanism of action and research progress on various DAMPs in ACLF, are summarized to identify biomarkers that can predict the occurrence and development of diseases or the prognosis of patients at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qiang
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing-Zi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Chi Xu
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Chi Xu,
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22
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Chen X, Zhu S, Chen SY, Wang JN, Sun LJ, Tao SM, Li XF, Li HD, Sun YY, Xu CH, Suo XG, Ji ML, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. miR-301a-3p promotes hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrogenesis via regulating PTEN/PDGFR-β. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109034. [PMID: 35834952 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is an essential pathology of multiple chronicliverdiseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-301a-3p in hepatic fibrosis. We found that miR-301a-3p was upregulated in hepatic fibrosis patients and in culture-activated human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Interestingly, miR-301a-3p expression was increased in hepatic fibrosis progression mice while decreased in hepatic fibrosis recovery mice, indicating that miR-301a-3p may participate in the hepatic fibrosis pathology. Functionally, the effects of miR-301a-3p both on hepatic fibrosis progression and regression were assessed in vivo. Inhibiting miR-301a-3p amelioratedmouse liver fibrogenesis and collagen deposition and suppressed HSC activation and fibrogenic factor expression. Whereas, in hepatic fibrosis regression, upregulating miR-301a-3p impaired mouse hepatic fibrosis recovery by inducing HSC activation and triggering inflammation. Consistently, gain-of-function and loss-of-function analysis of miR-301a-3p were performed to evaluate its effects on human HSCs LX-2 cell. We found that suppressing miR-301a-3p inhibited LX-2 cell activation and proliferation, and induced LX-2 cell apoptosis, accompaniedby decreased fibrotic mediators expression. Collectively, these findings suggest miR-301a-3p drives liver fibrogenesis and HSC activation in hepatic fibrosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated miR-301a-3p binds directly to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) by luciferase reporter analysis, pull-down, and RIP assay. Indicating that miR-301a-3p plays a critical rolein promotingliverfibrogenesis viamodulating the PTEN/platelet derived growth factor β (PDGFR-β) pathway. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that miR-301a-3p expression is closely correlated with hepatic fibrosis pathology, and that enhancing miR-301a-3p maintains the HSC profibrogenic phenotype, triggers inflammatoryresponses, promotes fibrogenic factor production, and further exacerbates liver fibrogenesis. These findings suggest that miR-301a-3p may serve as a promising diagnostic and prognosis biomarker for hepatic fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Sai Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li-Jiao Sun
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shan-Min Tao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying-Yin Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chuan-Hui Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Guo Suo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Lu Ji
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The KeyLaboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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23
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Wang J, Zhang L, Shi Q, Yang B, He Q, Wang J, Weng Q. Targeting innate immune responses to attenuate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115142. [PMID: 35700755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is an important cause of acute liver failure, resulting in massive deaths in many developed countries. Currently, the metabolic process of APAP in the body has been well studied. However, the underlying mechanism of APAP-induced liver injury remains elusive. Increasing clinical and experimental evidences indicate that the innate immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced acute liver injury (AILI), in which immune cells have dual roles of inducing inflammation to exacerbate hepatotoxicity and removing dead cells and debris to help liver regeneration. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of innate immune cells involved in AILI, particularly emphasizing the activation of innate immune cells and their different roles during the injury and repair phases. Moreover, current available treatments are discussed according to the different roles of innate immune cells in the development of AILI. This review aims to update the knowledge about innate immune responses in the pathogenesis of AILI, and provide potential therapeutic interventions for AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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24
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Ye D, Yao J, Du W, Chen C, Yang Y, Yan K, Li J, Xu Y, Zang S, Zhang Y, Rong X, Zhang R, Xu A, Guo J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mediate Acute Liver Failure in Regulation of miR-223/Neutrophil Elastase Signaling in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:587-607. [PMID: 35660025 PMCID: PMC9307949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Marked enhancement of neutrophil infiltration in the liver is a hallmark of acute liver failure (ALF), a severe life-threatening disease with varying etiologies. However, the mechanisms and pathophysiological role corresponding to hepatic neutrophil infiltration during ALF development remain poorly characterized. METHODS Experimental ALF was induced in 10-week-old male microRNA-223 (miR-223) knockout (KO) mice, neutrophil elastase (NE) KO mice, and wild-type controls by intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine hydrochloride and lipopolysaccharide. Age-matched mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline and served as vehicle controls. RESULTS Mouse liver with ALF showed evident formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which were enhanced markedly in miR-223 KO mice. The blockade of NETs by pharmacologic inhibitor GSK484 significantly attenuated neutrophil infiltration and massive necrosis in mouse liver with ALF. ALF-related hepatocellular damage and mortality in miR-223 KO mice were aggravated significantly and accompanied by potentiated neutrophil infiltration in the liver when compared with wild-type controls. Transcriptomic analyses showed that miR-223 deficiency in bone marrow predominantly caused the enrichment of pathways involved in neutrophil degranulation. Likewise, ALF-induced hepatic NE enrichment was potentiated in miR-223 KO mice. Genetic ablation of NE blunted the formation of NETs in parallel with significant attenuation of ALF in mice. Pharmaceutically, pretreatment with the NE inhibitor sivelestat protected mice against ALF. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the miR-223/NE axis as a key modulator of NETs, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress and neutrophilic inflammation to potentiate hepatocellular damage and liver necrosis in ALF development, and offering potential targets against ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Dewei Ye, PhD, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianyu Yao
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfa Du
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuishan Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Yan
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jufei Li
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufei Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Prof. Aimin Xu, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, and Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Room L8-39, Lab Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong. Fax: +00852-2816 2095.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Prof. Jiao Guo, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, 510006, China.
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25
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Hepokoski M, Singh P. Mitochondria as mediators of systemic inflammation and organ cross talk in acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F589-F596. [PMID: 35379000 PMCID: PMC9054254 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00372.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a systemic inflammatory disease that contributes to remote organ failures. Multiple organ failure is the leading cause of death due to AKI, and lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved has precluded the development of novel therapies. Mitochondrial injury in AKI leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and release of damage-associated molecular patterns, which are known to active innate immune pathways and systemic inflammation. This review presents current evidence suggesting that extracellular mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns are mediators of remote organ failures during AKI that have the potential to be modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hepokoski
- 1Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California,2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Prabhleen Singh
- 1Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California,3Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, California
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26
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Gu J, Xu H, Chen Y, Li N, Hou X. MiR-223 as a Regulator and Therapeutic Target in Liver Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860661. [PMID: 35371024 PMCID: PMC8965842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding single-stranded small molecule RNAs consisting of 20–24 nucleotides that are highly conserved in species evolution. Expression of miRNAs is strictly tissue-specific, and it is chronological in fungi and plants, as well as in animals. MiR-223 has been shown to play a key role in innate immunity, and dysregulation of its expression contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory diseases, and cancers. In this article the biosynthesis and functions of miR-223 in innate immunity are reviewed, and the role of miR-223 in liver physiopathology and therapeutic prospects are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Gu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yandong Chen
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Hou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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27
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Wu X, Liu S, Zhu H, Ma Z, Dai X, Liu W. Scavenging ROS to Alleviate Acute Liver Injury by ZnO-NiO@COOH. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103982. [PMID: 35138033 PMCID: PMC9008431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the incidence of acute liver injury (ALI) is increasing year by year, and infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can also induce ALI, but there are still no targeted therapeutic drugs. ZnO-NiO particles is mainly used to clean up reactive oxygen species (ROS) in industrial wastewater, and it is insoluble in water. Its excellent properties are discovered and improved by adding shuttle-based bonds to make it more water-soluble. ZnO-NiO@COOH particles are synthetically applied to treat ALI. The p-n junction in ZnO-NiO@COOH increases the surface area and active sites, thereby creating large numbers of oxygen vacancies, which can quickly adsorb ROS. The content in tissues and serum levels of L-glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/oxidized GSH ratio are measured to assess the capacity of ZnO-NiO@COOH particles to absorb ROS. The ZnO-NiO@COOH particles significantly reduce the expression levels of inflammatory factors (i.e., IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α), macrophage infiltration, and granulocyte activation. ZnO-NiO@COOH rapidly adsorb ROS in a short period of time to block the generation of inflammatory storms and gain time for the follow-up treatment of ALI, which has important clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200070China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological SecurityShanghai200092China
| | - Huanhuan Zhu
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200070China
| | - Zili Ma
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200070China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological SecurityShanghai200092China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200070China
- Department of Laboratory MedicineLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200032China
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28
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Tian Y, Wang TS, Bu H, Shao G, Zhang W, Zhang L. Role of Exosomal miR-223 in Chronic Skeletal Muscle Inflammation. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:644-651. [PMID: 35293669 PMCID: PMC9002075 DOI: 10.1111/os.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body, its damage can directly reflect a decline in somatic function, thus, further affecting daily life and health. Inflammation is a prerequisite for the repair of injured skeletal muscles. Chronic inflammation induced by inadequate repair in skeletal muscle aggravates tissue injury. Exosomes regulate inflammatory responses to facilitate the repair of skeletal muscle injury. Moreover, exosomal miR‐223 with high specificity is the most abundant miRNA in peripheral blood and regarded as biomarkers for inflammation post skeletal muscle injury, which warrants further investigation. Available studies have demonstrated that exosomal miR‐223 negatively correlates with TNF‐α levels in serum and regulates the canonical inflammatory NF‐κB signaling pathway. miR‐223 is a negative feedback regulator with great potential for adjusting inflammatory imbalance and promoting skeletal muscle repair. The research on the regulation of negative feedback factors in the inflammatory signaling pathway is essential in biology and medicine. Therefore, this review mainly elaborates the formation, heterogeneity and markers of exosomes and points out exosomal miR‐223 as a beneficial role in chronic skeletal muscle inflammation and can be expected to be a potential therapeutic target for skeletal muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Tie-Shan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Bu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Guo Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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29
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Ding WX, Wang H, Zhang Y. Recent insights into the pathogeneses and therapeutic targets of liver diseases: Summary of the 4th Chinese American Liver Society/Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America Hepatology Division Symposium in 2021. LIVER RESEARCH 2022; 6:50-57. [PMID: 35747395 PMCID: PMC9216220 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 4th Chinese American Liver Society (CALS)/Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA) Hepatology Division Annual Symposium was held virtually on October 29-30, 2021. The goal of the CALS Symposium was to present and discuss the recent research data on the pathogeneses and therapeutic targets of liver diseases among the CALS members, trainees and invited speakers. Here we briefly introduce the history of the CALS/SCBA Hepatology Division and highlight the presentations that focus on the current progresses on basic and translational research in liver metabolism, bile acid biology, alcohol-related liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, cholestatic liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. (W.-X. Ding)
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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30
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Du Z, Ma Z, Lai S, Ding Q, Hu Z, Yang W, Qian Q, Zhu L, Dou X, Li S. Atractylenolide I Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury via the TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:797499. [PMID: 35126160 PMCID: PMC8815859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.797499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induces hepatocyte necrosis, and leads to acute liver failure. Atractylenolide I (AO-I), a phytochemical found in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, is known to exhibit antioxidant activity. However, its clinical benefits against drug-induced liver injury remain largely unclear. Purpose: This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of AO-I against APAP-induced acute liver injury. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were administered 500 mg/kg APAP to induce hepatotoxicity. AO-Ⅰ (60 and 120 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered 2 h before APAP dosing. Liver histopathological changes, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation markers from each group were observed. Results: We observed that AO-I treatment significantly reversed APAP-induced liver injury, as evidenced by improved plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and liver H&E stain. APAP treatment increased liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) level; however, these effects were alleviated by AO-I intervention. Moreover, AO-I treatment significantly inhibited APAP-induced activation of pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, at both the mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that AO-I attenuated APAP-induced activation of TLR4, NF-κB and MAPKs (including JNK and p38). Conclusion: AO-I mediates protective effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via the TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB pathways. Thus, AO-I is a candidate therapeutic compound for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimei Ma
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanglei Lai
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Hu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Qian
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linwensi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Li X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhuang Q, Zhao M. Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Liver Fibrosis: A Disruption of Oxygen Homeostasis? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:802251. [PMID: 35187072 PMCID: PMC8850363 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.802251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, “cirrhosis of the liver” was the 11th leading cause of death globally in 2019. Many kinds of liver diseases can develop into liver cirrhosis, and liver fibrosis is the main pathological presentation of different aetiologies, including toxic damage, viral infection, and metabolic and genetic diseases. It is characterized by excessive synthesis and decreased decomposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Hepatocyte cell death, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and inflammation are crucial incidences of liver fibrosis. The process of fibrosis is also closely related to metabolic and immune disorders, which are usually induced by the destruction of oxygen homeostasis, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypoxia pathway activation. Mitochondria are important organelles in energy generation and metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key factors activated when hypoxia occurs. Both are considered essential factors of liver fibrosis. In this review, the authors highlight the impact of oxygen imbalance on metabolism and immunity in liver fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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32
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Noda T, Kato R, Hattori T, Furukawa Y, Ijiri Y, Tanaka K. Role of caspase-8 and/or -9 as biomarkers that can distinguish the potential to cause toxic- and immune related-adverse event, for the progress of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Life Sci 2022; 294:120351. [PMID: 35092733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause acute liver failure. Although it is well known that APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is caused by toxic mechanism, recently it is also reported to be immune related. However, the detail of the mechanism has been unclear. Therefore, elucidation of the pathophysiology is required. MAIN METHODS In AILI model rats (800 mg/kg), the levels of AST, ALT and Caspase (C)-3/-8/-9 levels were measured. In in vitro study using human hepatocyte cells (FLC-4) and THP-1 cells, APAP (1.0 mM) were added to FLC-4 and the cell viability, C-9, cytochrome c, mitochondria membrane potential, and glutathione levels of FLC-4 and inflammasome activation of THP-1 were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS In AILI model rats, the levels of AST and ALT were increased only at 12-24 h. C-3/-9 levels rose at 6-9 h, whereas C-8 level rose hours later, moreover, 24 h after; C-3/-8/-9 levels re-rose. In FLC-4 cells, cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria which is promoted by oxidative stress due to drug metabolism and C-9 was activated. Thus, AILI was caused mitochondrial damage by NAPQI as early reaction (first stage). In the next stage, inflammasomes of human antigen presenting cells, which released inflammatory cytokines were activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged hepatocyte by APAP. SIGNIFICANCE It is confirmed that AILI includes immune related mechanism. Thereby, in case of N-acetylcysteine refractory, additional administration of steroid hormones should be effective and recommended as a novel strategy for AILI with immune related adverse event (irAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hattori
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ijiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan; Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital, Kumata, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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33
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Chen H, McKeen T, Chao X, Chen A, Deng F, Jaeschke H, Ding WX, Ni HM. The role of MLKL in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Alcoholic Steatotic Livers. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1096-1106. [PMID: 35173541 PMCID: PMC8771841 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.67533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the primary causes of chronic liver disease in western countries. Liver transplantation is currently one of the most efficient approaches to save patients with liver failure, which is often associated with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. IR injury is exacerbated by hepatic steatosis, yet the mechanism remains elusive. Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), RIP3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD. Though necroptosis plays an important role in IR injury of high fat diet - induced steatotic livers, the role of necroptosis in IR injury of ethanol - induced steototic livers has not been investigated. In the present study, we used chronic plus binge alcohol (Gao-binge) feeding followed by IR surgery to investigate IR liver injury with ethanol-associated steatosis. We found that the levels of key necroptotic proteins MLKL and RIP3 increased in alcohol-fed mouse livers. Moreover, we observed increased liver injury after IR in control diet-fed mice, which was further exacerbated by alcohol feeding based on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and TUNEL staining of necrotic cells. Hepatic neutrophil infiltration also increased in alcohol-fed mice after IR surgery. However, deletion of Mlkl did not protect against IR liver injury in alcohol-fed mice compared with matched wild-type mice. In conclusion, alcoholic steatosis promotes IR injury, which seems to be independent of MLKL-mediated necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong-Min Ni
- ✉ Corresponding author: Hong-Min Ni, MD., Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 1018, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, Phone: 913-588-8999;
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Yuan S, Wu Q, Wang Z, Che Y, Zheng S, Chen Y, Zhong X, Shi F. miR-223: An Immune Regulator in Infectious Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781815. [PMID: 34956210 PMCID: PMC8702553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are diminutive noncoding RNAs that can influence disease development and progression by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. The anti-inflammatory miRNA, miR-223, was first identified as a regulator of myelopoietic differentiation in 2003. This miR-223 exhibits multiple regulatory functions in the immune response, and abnormal expression of miR-223 is shown to be associated with multiple infectious diseases, including viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and tuberculosis (TB) by influencing neutrophil infiltration, macrophage function, dendritic cell (DC) maturation and inflammasome activation. This review summarizes the current understanding of miR-223 physiopathology and highlights the molecular mechanism by which miR-223 regulates immune responses to infectious diseases and how it may be targeted for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjia Che
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sihao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Qian H, Bai Q, Yang X, Akakpo JY, Ji L, Yang L, Rülicke T, Zatloukal K, Jaeschke H, Ni HM, Ding WX. Dual roles of p62/SQSTM1 in the injury and recovery phases of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3791-3805. [PMID: 35024307 PMCID: PMC8727897 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can induce liver injury and is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States. We investigated the role of p62/SQSTM1 (referred to as p62) in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in mice. We found that the hepatic protein levels of p62 dramatically increased at 24 h after APAP treatment, which was inversely correlated with the hepatic levels of APAP-adducts. APAP also activated mTOR at 24 h, which is associated with increased cell proliferation. In contrast, p62 knockout (KO) mice showed increased hepatic levels of APAP-adducts detected by a specific antibody using Western blot analysis but decreased mTOR activation and cell proliferation with aggravated liver injury at 24 h after APAP treatment. Surprisingly, p62 KO mice recovered from AILI whereas the wild-type mice still sustained liver injury at 48 h. We found increased number of infiltrated macrophages in p62 KO mice that were accompanied with decreased hepatic von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelet aggregation, which are associated with increased cell proliferation and improved liver injury at 48 h after APAP treatment. Our data indicate that p62 inhibits the late injury phase of AILI by increasing autophagic selective removal of APAP-adducts and mitochondria but impairs the recovery phase of AILI likely by enhancing hepatic blood coagulation.
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Key Words
- 4EBP-1, translational initiation factor 4E binding protein-1
- AILI, APAP-induced liver injury
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- APAP-AD, APAP-adducts
- Autophagy
- CLEC-2, C-type lectin-like receptor
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E
- Coagulation
- DILI
- GCL, glutamate cysteine ligase
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- Hepatotoxicity
- KC, Kupffer cells
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1
- KIR, KEAP1-interacting region
- KO, knockout
- LC3, microtubule-associated light chain 3
- Liver regeneration
- Macrophage
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NPCs, non-parenchymal cells
- NQO1, NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Platelet
- S6, ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- VWF, von Willebrand factor
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qingyun Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jephte Y. Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Veterinärplatz, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- The Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz A-8036, Austria
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Zhao F, Ma S, Zhou Y, Wei B, Hao Z, Cui X, Xing L, Liu G, Jin L, Ma T, Shi L. miRNA-223 Suppresses Mouse Gallstone Formation by Targeting Key Transporters in Hepatobiliary Cholesterol Secretion Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4459-4473. [PMID: 34803510 PMCID: PMC8579439 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA-223 has been previously reported to play an essential role in hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. However, its role in regulation of biliary cholesterol secretion and gallstone formation remains unknown. Hence, mice with conventional knockout (KO), hepatocyte-specific knockout (ΔHepa) / knockdown (KD) or gain expression of miRNA-223 were included in the study and were subjected to lithogenic diet (LD) for various weeks. The gall bladders and liver tissues were harvested for cholesterol crystal imaging, gallstone mass measurement and molecular analysis. Levels of cholesterol, bile salt, phospholipids, and triglyceride were determined in serum, liver tissues, and bile by enzyme color reactive assays. A 3' UTR reporter gene assay was used to verify the direct target genes for miRNA-223. LD-induced gallstone formation was remarkably accelerated in miRNA-223 KO, ΔHepa, and KD mice with concurrent enhancement in total cholesterol levels in liver tissues and bile. Key biliary cholesterol transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 were identified as direct targets of miRNA-223. Reversely, AAV-mediated hepatocyte-specific miRNA-223 overexpression prevented gallstone progression with reduced targets expression. Therefore, the present study demonstrates a novel role of miRNA-223 in the gallstone formation by targeting ABCG5 and ABCG8 and elevating miRNA-223 would be a potentially novel approach to overcome the sternness of cholesterol gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shiyu Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Bailing Wei
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhen Hao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xing
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lingling Jin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
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CD5L deficiency attenuate acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice via regulation of JNK and ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:342. [PMID: 34750342 PMCID: PMC8575892 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD5 molecule like (CD5L), a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily, plays a critical role in immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a safe and effective antipyretic analgesic. However, overdose may cause liver damage or even liver failure. APAP hepatotoxicity is characterized by extensive necrotic cell death and a sterile inflammatory response, in which the role of CD5L remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that the expression of CD5L was increased in the livers of mice after APAP overdose. Furthermore, CD5L deficiency reduced the increase of alanine transaminase (ALT) level, histopathologic lesion area, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation level, Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End-Labeling positive (TUNEL+) cells proportion, vascular endothelial cell permeability and release of inflammatory cytokines induced by excess APAP. Therefore, our findings reveal that CD5L may be a potential therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of APAP-induced liver injury.
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Wang L, You HM, Meng HW, Pan XY, Chen X, Bi YH, Zhang YF, Li JJ, Yin NN, Zhang ZW, Huang C, Li J. STING-mediated inflammation contributes to Gao binge ethanol feeding model. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1471-1485. [PMID: 34698390 PMCID: PMC9298121 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol metabolism causes hepatocytes to release damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This includes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is generated and released from damaged hepatocytes and contributes to liver injury by producing proinflammatory cytokines. STING is a pattern recognition receptor of DAMPs known to control the induction of innate immunity in various pathological processes. However, the expression profile and functions of STING in the Gao binge ethanol model remain poorly understood. We demonstrated that STING is upregulated in the Gao binge ethanol model. STING functions as an mtDNA sensor in the Kupffer cells of the liver and induces STING‐signaling pathway‐dependent inflammation and further aggravates hepatocyte apoptosis in the Gao binge ethanol model. This study provides novel insights into predicting disease progression and developing targeted therapies for alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Mei You
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Wu Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Yin Pan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Hui Bi
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Na-Na Yin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Roffel MP, Maes T, Brandsma CA, van den Berge M, Vanaudenaerde BM, Joos GF, Brusselle GG, Heijink IH, Bracke KR. MiR-223 is increased in lungs of patients with COPD and modulates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1091-L1104. [PMID: 34668437 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00252.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since microRNA (miR)-223-3p modulates inflammatory responses and COPD is associated with amplified pulmonary inflammation, we hypothesized that miR-223-3p plays a role in COPD pathogenesis. Expression of miR-223-3p was measured in lung tissue of 2 independent cohorts with COPD GOLD stage II-IV patients, never smokers and smokers without COPD. The functional role of miR-223-3p was studied in deficient mice and upon overexpression in airway epithelial cells from COPD and controls. We observed higher miR-223-3p levels in patients with COPD stage II-IV compared to (non)-smoking controls, and levels were associated with higher neutrophil numbers in bronchial biopsies of COPD patients. MiR-223-3p expression was also increased in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage of cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice. CS-induced neutrophil and monocyte lung infiltration was stronger in miR-223 deficient mice upon acute (5 days) exposure, but attenuated upon sub-chronic (4 weeks) exposure. Additionally, miR-223 deficiency attenuated acute and sub-chronic CS-induced lung infiltration of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. Finally, in vitro overexpression of miR-223-3p in non-COPD airway epithelial cells suppressed CXCL8 and GM-CSF secretion and gene expression of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor TRAF6. Importantly, this suppressive effect of miR-223-3p was compromised in COPD-derived cultures. In conclusion, we demonstrate that miR-223-3p is increased in lungs of COPD patients and CS-exposed mice, and is associated with neutrophilic inflammation. In vivo data indicate that miR-223 acts as negative regulator of acute CS-induced neutrophilic and monocytic inflammation. In vitro data suggests that miR-223-3p does so by suppressing pro-inflammatory airway epithelial responses, which is less effective in COPD epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam P Roffel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, The Netherlands.,Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tania Maes
- Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy F Joos
- Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
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He Y, Rodrigues RM, Wang X, Seo W, Ma J, Hwang S, Fu Y, Trojnár E, Mátyás C, Zhao S, Ren R, Feng D, Pacher P, Kunos G, Gao B. Neutrophil-to-hepatocyte communication via LDLR-dependent miR-223-enriched extracellular vesicle transfer ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141513. [PMID: 33301423 DOI: 10.1172/jci141513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration around lipotoxic hepatocytes is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, how these 2 types of cells communicate remains obscure. We have previously demonstrated that neutrophil-specific microRNA-223 (miR-223) is elevated in hepatocytes to limit NASH progression in obese mice. Here, we demonstrated that this elevation of miR-223 in hepatocytes was due to preferential uptake of miR-223-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from neutrophils as well other types of cells, albeit to a lesser extent. This selective uptake was dependent on the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on hepatocytes and apolipoprotein E (APOE) on neutrophil-derived EVs, which was enhanced by free fatty acids. Once internalized by hepatocytes, the EV-derived miR-223 acted to inhibit hepatic inflammatory and fibrogenic gene expression. In the absence of this LDLR- and APOE-dependent uptake of miR-223-enriched EVs, the progression of steatosis to NASH was accelerated. In contrast, augmentation of this transfer by treatment with an inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, a drug used to lower blood cholesterol by upregulating LDLR, ameliorated NASH in mice. This specific role of LDLR and APOE in the selective control of miR-223-enriched EV transfer from neutrophils to hepatocytes may serve as a potential therapeutic target for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases
| | | | | | | | - Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases
| | | | | | - Eszter Trojnár
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, and
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, and
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, and
| | | | | | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, and
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases
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41
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Shen P, Han L, Chen G, Cheng Z, Liu Q. Emodin Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity via the cGAS-STING Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 45:74-87. [PMID: 34409550 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Emodin is a natural bioactive compound from traditional Chinese herbs that exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. However, the protective effects of emodin in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity are not clear. The present study examined the effects of emodin on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and investigated the potential molecular mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with emodin (15 and 30 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days and then given APAP (300 mg/kg) to establish an APAP-induced liver injury model. Mice were sacrificed to detect the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin (ALB) and the liver tissue levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histological assessment, Western blotting, and ELISA were performed. Emodin pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of ALT, AST, and ALP; increased the levels of ALB; alleviated hepatocellular damage and apoptosis; attenuated the exhaustion of GSH and SOD and the accumulation of MDA; and increased the expression of antioxidative enzymes, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1). Emodin also inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Emodin inhibited interferon (IFN)-α, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and its downstream signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes (STING) expression to protect the liver against APAP-induced inflammatory responses and apoptosis. These results suggest that emodin protected hepatocytes from APAP-induced liver injury via the upregulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative stress pathway, the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the downregulation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Kang YQ, Yuan XH, Li ZZ, Wang H, Zhou XF, Wang XX, Zhang ZW, Feng YF, Guo JR. Antishock Characteristics of Erythrocyte-mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages in Severe Hemorrhagic Shock Environment Based on TLR9-cGAS-STING-IFN Signal Axis. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720950218. [PMID: 33225714 PMCID: PMC7784501 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720950218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of erythrocyte-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in macrophages in hemorrhagic shock. An hemorrhagic shock model was established in male BALB/c mice. Animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8): control group (A), erythrocyte reinfusion group (B), and TLR9 inhibition group (C). Eight healthy BALB/c mice were also included as group N (n = 8). Mice in group A were not treated, while mice in groups B and C were transfused with red blood cells separated from the blood of mice in group N. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of erythrocyte surface protein TLR9 in each group. Immunofluorescence assay was used to analyze the distribution and relative expression of protein STING in macrophages. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of STING, ATF6, and IRE1 in macrophages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the levels of inflammatory signal molecules, including IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, CCL4, CCL5, and IL-6. FITC-Annexin V was used to analyze the apoptosis of immune cells (macrophages) in mouse blood samples and to detect the concentration of calcium ions in erythrocyte cytoplasm. The results showed that the expression of erythrocyte surface protein TLR9; the distribution of STING-positive cells in macrophages; the expressions of STING, ATF6, and IRE1 in macrophages; the levels of inflammatory signal molecules; the apoptosis rate of macrophages; and the intracellular calcium concentration in erythrocytes in group B were higher than those in group A, followed by group C. These results suggest that TLR9 regulates ER stress in macrophages of mice with hemorrhagic shock through the TLR9-cGAS-STING-IFN signaling pathway. Increased expression of TLR9 enhanced macrophage activity, reduced apoptosis, enhanced inflammatory response and immune response, and restored electrolyte level, which might be a therapeutic option for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Ningxia Medical University, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Training Base, Shanghai, P.R. China.,These authors are co-first author
| | - Xiao-Hong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,These authors are co-first author
| | - Zhen-Zhou Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Training Base, Shanghai, P.R. China.,These authors are co-first author
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Rong Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Ningxia Medical University, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Training Base, Shanghai, P.R. China
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43
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The Role of miRNA in the Pathophysiology of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168569. [PMID: 34445276 PMCID: PMC8395312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a tumor group that is both rare and heterogeneous. Prognosis is largely determined by the tumor grading and the site of the primary tumor and metastases. Despite intensive research efforts, only modest advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been achieved in recent years. For patients with non-respectable tumor stages, prognosis is poor. In this context, the development of novel diagnostic tools for early detection of NETs and prediction of tumor response to therapy as well as estimation of the overall prognosis would greatly improve the clinical management of NETs. However, identification of novel diagnostic molecules is hampered by an inadequate understanding of the pathophysiology of neuroendocrine malignancies. It has recently been demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA), a family of small RNA molecules with an established role in the pathophysiology of quite different cancer entities, may also play a role as a biomarker. Here, we summarize the available knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the development of NET and highlight their potential use as serum-based biomarkers in the context of this disease. We discuss important challenges currently preventing their use in clinical routine and give an outlook on future directions of miRNA research in NET.
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MicroRNA-223 inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps formation through regulating calcium influx and small extracellular vesicles transmission. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15676. [PMID: 34344968 PMCID: PMC8333426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of miRNAs and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation are both implicated in inflammatory disorders. Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic autoinflammatory disease with neutrophilic leukocytosis and unknown etiology. Although the NETs formation is elevated in AOSD patients, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in NETs formation in AOSD remains unclear. We revealed that the circulating levels of IL-18, NETs, and miR-223 were significantly higher in active AOSD patients, compared with inactive AOSD patients or healthy controls (P < 0.005). Moreover, IL-18 increased calcium influx into neutrophils, which led to mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production and NETs formation. Elevated levels of NETs-DNA could induce miR-223 expression in neutrophils through activating Toll-like receptor 9. The upregulated miR-223 expression in neutrophils suppressed mROS production by blocking calcium influx, and subsequently inhibited IL-18-mediated NETs formation. Besides, the increased neutrophil-derived exosomal miR-223 levels were observed in active AOSD patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.005). Our in vitro assays demonstrated that the neutrophil-derived small extracellular vesicles carried miR-223, which could repress IL-18 production in macrophages. Together, these results suggest a fine-tuned mechanism between inflammatory (IL-18 induced NETs) and anti-inflammatory (miR-223) factors in AOSD. MiR-223, mROS inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers are the potential therapeutics for autoinflammatory diseases such as AOSD.
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Protective Role of microRNA-31 in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury: A Negative Regulator of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1789-1807. [PMID: 34311140 PMCID: PMC8550922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sustained c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation plays a major role in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Stress-responsive microRNA-31 (miR-31) has been implicated in regulating different cellular damage, and JNK activation could induce miR-31 expression. However, the regulatory role of miR-31 in DILI has not been studied previously. We aimed to investigate whether miR-31 could ameliorate DILI and ascertain potential molecular mechanism. METHODS miR-31 gene knockout (31-KO) and wild-type C57BL/6J mice were used to construct an acetaminophen (APAP)-induced DILI model. Primary mouse hepatocytes, as well as alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cell lines, were used for in vitro experiments. Argonaute 2-associated RNA immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing were performed to identify specific targets of miR-31. RESULTS 31-KO mice showed a higher mortality rate, liver transaminase levels, and hepatic necrosis compared with those in wild-type mice after APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The protective role of miR-31 on hepatocytes has been analyzed via constructing bone marrow chimeric mice. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic JNK phosphorylation increased significantly in 31-KO mice. This caused mitochondrial phosphorylated Src (p-Src) inactivation and more reactive oxygen species production, which directly amplifies hepatocyte necrotic cell death, while administration of JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 could abrogate the differences. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis of RNA immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing identified that guanosine triphosphatase, cell division cycle protein 42 (Cdc42), the upstream molecule of JNK signaling, was the specific target of miR-31 and could form a miR-31/Cdc42/phosphorylated mixed-lineage kinase 3 (p-MLK3) negative feedback loop to restrict JNK overactivation. Clinically, both miR-31 and phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) were highly increased in liver tissues of DILI patients with different etiologies. CONCLUSIONS miR-31 can down-regulate Cdc42 to restrict overactivation of reactive oxygen species/JNK/mitochondria necrotic death loop in hepatocytes of APAP-induced DILI, which might provide a new therapeutic target for alleviating JNK overactivation-based liver injury.
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Zhu S, Chen X, Wang JN, Xu JJ, Wang A, Li JJ, Wu S, Wu YY, Li XF, Huang C, Li J. Circular RNA circUbe2k promotes hepatic fibrosis via sponging miR-149-5p/TGF-β2 axis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21622. [PMID: 33982351 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002738r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abundant regulatory genes and complex circuits involving non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) monitor the formation and development of hepatic fibrosis (HF). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNAs generated from protein coding genes by back-splicing, playing crucial roles in various pathological processes, including HF. However, little is known about mechanisms of action of circRNAs, let alone in HF. In this study, we found circUbe2k enhanced in CCl4 -induced HF mice and LX-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β1, regulating the development of HF. Restraining the expression of circUbe2k inhibited α-SMA and Col1α1 expression in CCl4 -induced HF mice and in LX-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β1. Furthermore, inhibiting circUbe2k expression reduced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrated a direct interaction between circUbe2k and miR-149-5p, which results in the modulation of TGF-β2 expressions. Together, circUbe2k may act as a "catalyst" of HSCs activation and HF through the circUbe2k/miR-149-5p/TGF-β2 axis. Our results provide unprecedented evidence for a significant role for circUbe2k to serve as a potential biomarker for HF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Jin Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Michalak A, Lach T, Cichoż-Lach H. Oxidative Stress-A Key Player in the Course of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143011. [PMID: 34300175 PMCID: PMC8303854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be an inseparable factor involved in the presentation of liver disorders. Free radicals interfere with DNA, proteins, and lipids, which are crucial in liver metabolism, changing their expression and biological functions. Additionally, oxidative stress modifies the function of micro-RNAs, impairing the metabolism of hepatocytes. Free radicals have also been proven to influence the function of certain transcriptional factors and to alter the cell cycle. The pathological appearance of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) constitutes an ideal example of harmful effects due to the redox state. Finally, ethanol-induced toxicity and overproduction of free radicals provoke irreversible changes within liver parenchyma. Understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the redox state in the course of ALD creates new possibilities of treatment for patients. The future of hepatology may become directly dependent on the effective action against reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes current data on the redox state in the natural history of ALD, highlighting the newest reports on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lach
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Cichoż-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-601377656; Fax: +48-814796135
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Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic analyses have well established that the major fraction of the mammalian genome is transcribed into different classes of RNAs ranging in size from a few nucleotides to hundreds of thousands of nucleotides, which do not encode any protein. Some of these noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are directly or indirectly linked to the regulation of expression or functions of 25,000 proteins coded by <2% of the human genome. Among these regulatory RNAs, microRNAs are small (2125 nucleotides) RNAs that are processed from precursor RNAs that have stemloop structure, whereas noncoding RNAs >200 nucleotides are termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are newly identified lncRNA members that are generated by back-splicing of primary transcripts. The functions of ncRNAs in modulating liver toxicity of xenobiotics are emerging only recently. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, paracetamol or APAP) is a safe analgesic and antipyretic drug at the therapeutic dose. However, it can cause severe liver toxicity that may lead to liver failure if overdosed or combined with alcohol, herbs, or other xenobiotics. This review discusses the role of ncRNAs in acetaminophen metabolism, toxicity, and liver regeneration after APAP-induced liver injury (AILI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chowdhary
- *Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- †Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pipasha Biswas
- †Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kalpana Ghoshal
- *Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- †Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122899. [PMID: 34200529 PMCID: PMC8228651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma represents the most prevalent primary liver cancer worldwide, and it is either caused by intrinsic genetic mutations or by a multitude of extrinsic risk factors. Even though the interplay between chronic inflammatory changes and hepatocarcinogenesis has been at the forefront of clinical investigation for the past few decades, the role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in HCC development still remains ambiguous. On the one hand, N1 TANs exhibit an anti-tumorigenic activity, mediated by direct or indirect tumor cell lysis, whereas on the other hand, N2 TANs have been correlated with increased HCC growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. The association of an elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with poor prognosis in patients with HCC, has been recently brought into spotlight, consolidating its widespread use as a reliable biomarker. Due to the decisive involvement of TANs in HCC pathogenesis and development, the utilization of various neutrophil-centered anticancer treatment modalities has been under clinical experimentation, selectively targeting and modulating the processes of neutrophil recruitment, activation, and migration. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of TANs in HCC pathogenesis and progression, as well as in their potential involvement in tumor therapy, shedding light on emerging anticancer treatment methods targeting neutrophils.
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Ashayeri Ahmadabad R, Mirzaasgari Z, Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways: Novel Therapeutic Targets for Cerebrovascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116153. [PMID: 34200356 PMCID: PMC8201279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of pattern recognition proteins, play an integral role in the modulation of systemic inflammatory responses. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of pathological conditions that temporarily or permanently affect the brain tissue mostly via the decrease of oxygen and glucose supply. TLRs have a critical role in the activation of inflammatory cascades following hypoxic-ischemic events and subsequently contribute to neuroprotective or detrimental effects of CVD-induced neuroinflammation. The TLR signaling pathway and downstream cascades trigger immune responses via the production and release of various inflammatory mediators. The present review describes the modulatory role of the TLR signaling pathway in the inflammatory responses developed following various CVDs and discusses the potential benefits of the modulation of different TLRs in the improvement of functional outcomes after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Ashayeri Ahmadabad
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zahra Mirzaasgari
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1593747811, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8355564; Fax: +49-251-8347479
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