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Metzler AD, Tang H. Zika Virus Neuropathogenesis-Research and Understanding. Pathogens 2024; 13:555. [PMID: 39057782 PMCID: PMC11279898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is prominently associated with microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers as well as Guillain-Barré Syndrome in adults. Each cell type infected by ZIKV-neuronal cells (radial glial cells, neuronal progenitor cells, astrocytes, microglia cells, and glioblastoma stem cells) and non-neuronal cells (primary fibroblasts, epidermal keratinocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and Sertoli cells)-displays its own characteristic changes to their cell physiology and has various impacts on disease. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the ZIKV life cycle and its cellular targets, and discuss the current knowledge of how infections cause neuropathologies, as well as what approaches researchers are currently taking to further advance such knowledge. A key aspect of ZIKV neuropathogenesis is virus-induced neuronal apoptosis via numerous mechanisms including cell cycle dysregulation, mitochondrial fragmentation, ER stress, and the unfolded protein response. These, in turn, result in the activation of p53-mediated intrinsic cell death pathways. A full spectrum of infection models including stem cells and co-cultures, transwells to simulate blood-tissue barriers, brain-region-specific organoids, and animal models have been developed for ZIKV research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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2
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Ohki CMY, Benazzato C, van der Linden V, França JV, Toledo CM, Machado RRG, Araujo DB, Oliveira DBL, Neris RS, Assunção-Miranda I, de Oliveira Souza IN, Nogueira CO, Leite PEC, van der Linden H, Figueiredo CP, Durigon EL, Clarke JR, Russo FB, Beltrão-Braga PCB. Zika virus infection impairs synaptogenesis, induces neuroinflammation, and could be an environmental risk factor for autism spectrum disorder outcome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167097. [PMID: 38408544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was first associated with Central Nervous System (CNS) infections in Brazil in 2015, correlated with an increased number of newborns with microcephaly, which ended up characterizing the Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Here, we investigated the impact of ZIKV infection on the functionality of iPSC-derived astrocytes. Besides, we extrapolated our findings to a Brazilian cohort of 136 CZS children and validated our results using a mouse model. Interestingly, ZIKV infection in neuroprogenitor cells compromises cell migration and causes apoptosis but does not interfere in astrocyte generation. Moreover, infected astrocytes lost their ability to uptake glutamate while expressing more glutamate transporters and secreted higher levels of IL-6. Besides, infected astrocytes secreted factors that impaired neuronal synaptogenesis. Since these biological endophenotypes were already related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), we extrapolated these results to a cohort of children, now 6-7 years old, and found seven children with ASD diagnosis (5.14 %). Additionally, mice infected by ZIKV revealed autistic-like behaviors, with a significant increase of IL-6 mRNA levels in the brain. Considering these evidence, we inferred that ZIKV infection during pregnancy might lead to synaptogenesis impairment and neuroinflammation, which could increase the risk for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecília Benazzato
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julia V França
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen M Toledo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Romulo S Neris
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Clara O Nogueira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Corrêa Leite
- Clinical Research Unit of the Antonio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia R Clarke
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Campos MAG, Sousa PDS, Cavalcante TB, Takahasi EHM, Costa LC, Ribeiro MRC, Costa EDPF, Amaral GA, Vissoci JRN, Silva AAMD. Continuous epileptiform discharges are associated with worse neurodevelopmental findings in a congenital Zika syndrome prospective cohort. Seizure 2024; 118:148-155. [PMID: 38704883 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify continuous epileptiform discharges (CEDs) on electroencephalograms (EEG) and to determine their clinical significance in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). METHODS This prospective cohort study included 75 children diagnosed with CZS born from March 2015 and followed up until September 2018 (age up to 36 months). EEG was performed to detect CEDs up to 24 months old. Data on obstetric, demographic, and clinical signs; cranial computed tomography (CT); ophthalmology examination; anti-seizure medication; growth; and motor development were collected. Fisher's exact test was used to verify the associations between categorical variables, and the T- test was used to compare the mean z-scores of anthropometric measurements between the groups with and without CED. RESULTS CEDs were identified in 41 (54.67 %) children. The mean age of CEDs identification was 12.24 ± 6.86 months. Bilateral CEDs were shown in 62.89 % of EEGs. CEDs were associated with severe congenital microcephaly, defined by z-score >3 standard deviation of head circumference (HC) below the mean for sex and age (p = 0.025), and worse outcomes, including first seizure before 6 months (p = 0.004), drug-resistant epilepsy (p < 0.001), chorioretinal scarring or mottling (p = 0.002), and severe CT findings (p = 0.002). The CED group had lower mean z-scores of HC up to 24 months of age. CONCLUSION This is the first description of the prevalence and significance of CEDs that also remains during wakefulness in patients with CZS. New investigations may suggest that it is more appropriate to classify the EEG not as a CED, but as a periodic pattern. Anyway, CEDs may be a marker of neurological severity in children with CSZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Adriano Garcia Campos
- Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School of São Paulo State University, Professor Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro Avenue, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia da Silva Sousa
- Department of Medicine of Federal University of Maranhão, Gonçalves Dias Square, São Luís, Maranhão 65020-240, Brazil; Reference Center on Neurodevelopment, Assistance and Rehabilitation of Children/NINAR of Health Secretariat of the State of Maranhão, Borborema Avenue, São Luís, Maranhão 65071-360, Brazil
| | - Tamires Barradas Cavalcante
- Department of Public Health, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Maranhão, Barão de Itapary Street, São Luís, Maranhão 65020-070, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Cavalcante Costa
- Department of Public Health, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Maranhão, Barão de Itapary Street, São Luís, Maranhão 65020-070, Brazil
| | - Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine of Federal University of Maranhão, Gonçalves Dias Square, São Luís, Maranhão 65020-240, Brazil; Department of Public Health, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Maranhão, Barão de Itapary Street, São Luís, Maranhão 65020-070, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Paula Fiod Costa
- Department of Medicine of Federal University of Maranhão, Gonçalves Dias Square, São Luís, Maranhão 65020-240, Brazil
| | - Gláucio Andrade Amaral
- Sarah Network of Neurorehabilitation Hospitals, Governador Luís Rocha Avenue, São Luís, Maranhão 65035-270, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
- Department of Public Health, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Maranhão, Barão de Itapary Street, São Luís, Maranhão 65020-070, Brazil
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Elliott KC, Mattapallil JJ. Zika Virus-A Reemerging Neurotropic Arbovirus Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Neuropathogenesis. Pathogens 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 38392915 PMCID: PMC10892292 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a reemerging flavivirus that is primarily spread through bites from infected mosquitos. It was first discovered in 1947 in sentinel monkeys in Uganda and has since been the cause of several outbreaks, primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. Unlike earlier outbreaks, the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil was characterized by the emergence of neurovirulent strains of ZIKV strains that could be sexually and perinatally transmitted, leading to the Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in newborns, and Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) along with encephalitis and meningitis in adults. The immune response elicited by ZIKV infection is highly effective and characterized by the induction of both ZIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies and robust effector CD8+ T cell responses. However, the structural similarities between ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) lead to the induction of cross-reactive immune responses that could potentially enhance subsequent DENV infection, which imposes a constraint on the development of a highly efficacious ZIKV vaccine. The isolation and characterization of antibodies capable of cross-neutralizing both ZIKV and DENV along with cross-reactive CD8+ T cell responses suggest that vaccine immunogens can be designed to overcome these constraints. Here we review the structural characteristics of ZIKV along with the evidence of neuropathogenesis associated with ZIKV infection and the complex nature of the immune response that is elicited by ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C. Elliott
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The Henry M Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Joseph J. Mattapallil
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Ferreira JCCG, Christoff RR, Rabello T, Ferreira RO, Batista C, Mourão PJP, Rossi ÁD, Higa LM, Bellio M, Tanuri A, Garcez PP. Postnatal Zika virus infection leads to morphological and cellular alterations within the neurogenic niche. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050375. [PMID: 38415826 PMCID: PMC10924234 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus received significant attention in 2016, following a declaration by the World Health Organization of an epidemic in the Americas, in which infections were associated with microcephaly. Indeed, prenatal Zika virus infection is detrimental to fetal neural stem cells and can cause premature cell loss and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in newborn infants, collectively described as congenital Zika syndrome. Contrastingly, much less is known about how neonatal infection affects the development of the newborn nervous system. Here, we investigated the development of the dentate gyrus of wild-type mice following intracranial injection of the virus at birth (postnatal day 0). Through this approach, we found that Zika virus infection affected the development of neurogenic regions within the dentate gyrus and caused reactive gliosis, cell death and a decrease in cell proliferation. Such infection also altered volumetric features of the postnatal dentate gyrus. Thus, we found that Zika virus exposure to newborn mice is detrimental to the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. These observations offer insight into the cellular mechanisms that underlie the neurological features of congenital Zika syndrome in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica C. C. G. Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Raissa R. Christoff
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Tailene Rabello
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Raiane O. Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Carolina Batista
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Pedro Junior Pinheiro Mourão
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Átila D. Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiza M. Higa
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Bellio
- Microbiology Institute Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
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Pagani I, Ottoboni L, Panina-Bordignon P, Martino G, Poli G, Taylor S, Turnbull JE, Yates E, Vicenzi E. Heparin Precursors with Reduced Anticoagulant Properties Retain Antiviral and Protective Effects That Potentiate the Efficacy of Sofosbuvir against Zika Virus Infection in Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1385. [PMID: 37895856 PMCID: PMC10609960 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can result in severe birth defects, such as microcephaly, as well as a range of other related health complications. Heparin, a clinical-grade anticoagulant, is shown to protect neural progenitor cells from death following ZIKV infection. Although heparin can be safely used during pregnancy, it retains off-target anticoagulant effects if directly employed against ZIKV infection. In this study, we investigated the effects of chemically modified heparin derivatives with reduced anticoagulant activities. These derivatives were used as experimental probes to explore the structure-activity relationships. Precursor fractions of porcine heparin, obtained during the manufacture of conventional pharmaceutical heparin with decreased anticoagulant activities, were also explored. Interestingly, these modified heparin derivatives and precursor fractions not only prevented cell death but also inhibited the ZIKV replication of infected neural progenitor cells grown as neurospheres. These effects were observed regardless of the specific sulfation position or overall charge. Furthermore, the combination of heparin with Sofosbuvir, an antiviral licensed for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) that also belongs to the same Flaviviridae family as ZIKV, showed a synergistic effect. This suggested that a combination therapy approach involving heparin precursors and Sofosbuvir could be a potential strategy for the prevention or treatment of ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Poli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Human Immuno-Virology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffs ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Edwin Yates
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffs ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Santamaría G, Rengifo AC, Torres-Fernández O. NeuN distribution in brain structures of normal and Zika-infected suckling mice. J Mol Histol 2023:10.1007/s10735-023-10128-7. [PMID: 37199896 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microcephaly is the more severe brain malformation because of Zika virus infection. Increased vulnerability of neural stem and progenitor cells to Zika infection during prenatal neurodevelopment impairs the complete formation of cortical layers. Normal development of cerebellum is also affected. However, the follow-up of apparently healthy children born to Zika exposed mothers during pregnancy has revealed other neurological sequelae. This suggests Zika infection susceptibility remains in nervous tissue after neurogenesis end, when differentiated neuronal populations predominate. The neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) is an exclusive marker of postmitotic neurons. Changes in NeuN expression are associated with neuronal degeneration. We have evaluated immunohistochemical expression of NeuN protein in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of normal and Zika-infected neonatal Balb/c mice. The highest NeuN immunoreactivity was found mainly in neurons of all cortical layers, pyramidal layer of hippocampus, granular layer of dentate gyrus and in internal granular layer of cerebellum. Viral infection caused marked loss of NeuN immunostaining in all these brain areas. This suggests neurodegenerative effects of Zika virus infection during postmitotic neuron maturation and contribute to interpretation of neuropathogenic mechanisms of Zika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Santamaría
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Av. Calle 26 No. 51-20, Bogotá, 111321, DC, Colombia
| | - Aura Caterine Rengifo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Av. Calle 26 No. 51-20, Bogotá, 111321, DC, Colombia
| | - Orlando Torres-Fernández
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Av. Calle 26 No. 51-20, Bogotá, 111321, DC, Colombia.
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Zhou J, Guan MY, Li RT, Qi YN, Yang G, Deng YQ, Li XF, Li L, Yang X, Liu JF, Qin CF. Zika virus leads to olfactory disorders in mice by targeting olfactory ensheathing cells. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104457. [PMID: 36739631 PMCID: PMC9931927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus of the genus flavivirus that is associated with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in newborns. A wide range of clinical symptoms including intellectual disability, speech delay, coordination or movement problems, and hearing and vision loss, have been well documented in children with CZS. However, whether ZIKV can invade the olfactory system and lead to post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) remains unknown. METHODS We investigated the susceptibility and biological responses of the olfactory system to ZIKV infection using mouse models and human olfactory organoids derived from patient olfactory mucosa. FINDINGS We demonstrate that neonatal mice infected with ZIKV suffer from transient olfactory dysfunction when they reach to puberty. Moreover, ZIKV mainly targets olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and exhibits broad cellular tropism colocalizing with small populations of mature/immature olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs/iOSNs), sustentacular cells and horizontal basal cells in the olfactory mucosa (OM) of immunodeficient AG6 mice. ZIKV infection induces strong antiviral immune responses in both the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb tissues, resulting in the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and genes related to the antiviral response. Histopathology and transcriptomic analysis showed typical tissue damage in the olfactory system. Finally, by using an air-liquid culture system, we showed that ZIKV mainly targets sustentacular cells and OECs and support robust ZIKV replication. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that olfactory system represents as significant target for ZIKV infection, and that PVOD may be neglected in CZS patients. FUNDING Stated in the acknowledgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Meng-Yue Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10010, China
| | - Rui-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yi-Ni Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Science (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Science (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Liang Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Science (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Vaziri S, Pour SH, Akrami-Mohajeri F. Zika virus as an emerging arbovirus of international public health concern. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:341-351. [DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was identified in 1947 in a rhesus monkey during an investigation of the yellow fever virus in the Zika Forest of Uganda; it was also isolated later from humans in Nigeria. The main distribution areas of ZIKV were the African mainland and South-East Asia in the 1980s, Micronesia in 2007, and more recently the Americas in 2014. ZIKV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and Flavivirus genus. ZIKV infection, which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is an emerging arbovirus disease. The clinical symptoms of ZIKV infection are fever, headache, rashes, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis, which clinically resemble dengue fever syndrome. Sometimes, ZIKV infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. At the end of 2015, following an increase in cases of ZIKV infection associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in newborns in Brazil, the World Health Organization declared a global emergency. Therefore, considering the global distribution and pathogenic nature of this virus, the current study aimed at reviewing the virologic features, transmission patterns, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ZIKV infection.
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Vue D, Tang Q. Zika Virus Overview: Transmission, Origin, Pathogenesis, Animal Model and Diagnosis. ZOONOSES (BURLINGTON, MASS.) 2021; 1:10.15212/zoonoses-2021-0017. [PMID: 34957474 PMCID: PMC8698461 DOI: 10.15212/zoonoses-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in 1947 in Uganda. ZIKV did not entice much attention until Brazil hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics Game, where ZIKV attracted a global audience. ZIKV is a flavivirus that can be transmitted chiefly through the biting of the mosquito or sexually or by breastfeeding at a lower scale. As time passed, the recent discovery of how the ZIKV causes congenital neurodevelopmental defects, including microcephaly, makes us reevaluate the importance of ZIKV interaction with centrosome organization because centrosome plays an important role in cell division. When the ZIKV disrupts centrosome organization and mitotic abnormalities, this will alter neural progenitor differentiation. Altering the neural progenitor differentiation will lead to cell cycle arrest, increase apoptosis, and inhibit the neural progenitor cell differentiation, as this can lead to abnormalities in neural cell development resulting in microcephaly. Understanding the importance of ZIKV infection throughout the years, this review article gives an overview of the history, transmission routes, pathogenesis, animal models, and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Vue
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Prior Heterologous Flavivirus Exposure Results in Reduced Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model of Zika Virus Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:e0057321. [PMID: 34076486 PMCID: PMC8312874 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00573-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2015/2016 Zika virus epidemic in South and Central America left the scientific community urgently trying to understand the factors that contribute to Zika virus pathogenesis. Because multiple other flaviviruses are endemic in areas where Zika virus emerged, it is hypothesized that a key to understanding Zika virus disease severity is to study Zika virus infection in the context of prior flavivirus exposure. Human and animal studies have highlighted the idea that having been previously exposed to a different flavivirus may modulate the immune response to Zika virus. However, it is still unclear how prior flavivirus exposure impacts Zika viral burden and disease. In this murine study, we longitudinally examine multiple factors involved in Zika disease, linking viral burden with increased neurological disease severity, weight loss, and inflammation. We show that prior heterologous flavivirus exposure with dengue virus type 2 or 3 or the vaccine strain of yellow fever provides protection from mortality in a lethal Zika virus challenge. However, reduction in viral burden and Zika disease varies depending on the infecting primary flavivirus; with primary Zika virus infection being most protective from Zika virus challenge, followed by dengue virus 2, with yellow fever and dengue virus 3 protecting against mortality but showing more severe disease. This study demonstrates the variation in protective effects of prior flavivirus exposure on Zika virus pathogenesis and identifies distinct relationships between primary flavivirus infection and the potential for Zika virus disease. IMPORTANCE The emergence and reemergence of various vector-borne diseases in recent years highlights the need to understand the mechanisms of protection for each pathogen. In this study, we investigated the impact of prior exposure to Zika virus, dengue virus serotypes 2 or 3, or the vaccine strain of yellow fever on pathogenesis and disease outcomes in a mouse model of Zika virus infection. We found that prior exposure to a heterologous flavivirus was protective from mortality, and to varying degrees, prior flavivirus exposure was protective against neurological disease, weight loss, and severe viral burden during a lethal Zika challenge. Using a longitudinal and cross-sectional study design, we were able to link multiple disease parameters, including viral burden, with neurological disease severity, weight loss, and inflammatory response in the context of flavivirus infection. This study demonstrates a measurable but varied impact of prior flavivirus exposure in modulating flavivirus pathophysiology. Given the cyclic nature of most flavivirus outbreaks, this work will contribute to the forecasting of disease severity for future outbreaks.
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van den Pol AN, Zhang X, Maher SE, Bothwell ALM. Immune cells enhance Zika virus-mediated neurologic dysfunction in brain of mice with humanized immune systems. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:389-399. [PMID: 33811750 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) can generate a number of neurological dysfunctions in infected humans. Here, we tested the potential of human immune cells to protect against ZIKV infection in genetically humanized MISTRG mice. FACS analysis showed robust reconstitution of the mouse spleen with human T cells. Peripheral ZIKV inoculation resulted in infection within the brains of MISTRG mice. Mice that were reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed a more rapid lethal response to ZIKV than the control mice lacking these immune cells. Immunocytochemical analysis of T cell markers CD3, CD45, or CD8 showed strong T cell presence in the brain, together with robust infection by ZIKV particularly in the excitatory pyramidal and granule neurons of the hippocampus. Infection was also found in cortex, striatum, the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, and other brain loci. Infection was considerably less in other regions such as the septum and hypothalamus. These data support the perspective that, rather than exerting a protective function, T cells may underlie some ZIKV-mediated neuropathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen E Maher
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Ci Y, Shi L. Compartmentalized replication organelle of flavivirus at the ER and the factors involved. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4939-4954. [PMID: 33846827 PMCID: PMC8041242 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that pose a considerable threat to human health. Flaviviruses replicate in compartmentalized replication organelles derived from the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The characteristic architecture of flavivirus replication organelles includes invaginated vesicle packets and convoluted membrane structures. Multiple factors, including both viral proteins and host factors, contribute to the biogenesis of the flavivirus replication organelle. Several viral nonstructural (NS) proteins with membrane activity induce ER rearrangement to build replication compartments, and other NS proteins constitute the replication complexes (RC) in the compartments. Host protein and lipid factors facilitate the formation of replication organelles. The lipid membrane, proteins and viral RNA together form the functional compartmentalized replication organelle, in which the flaviviruses efficiently synthesize viral RNA. Here, we reviewed recent advances in understanding the structure and biogenesis of flavivirus replication organelles, and we further discuss the function of virus NS proteins and related host factors as well as their roles in building the replication organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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14
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Mulgaonkar N, Wang H, King M, Fernando S. Druggability assessment of precursor membrane protein as a target for inhibiting the Zika virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3508-3524. [PMID: 33256554 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1851304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV), a significant zoonotic flavivirus, was neglected as a human pathogen until the recent epidemic. The rapid geographic spread of the virus and association with neurological disorders has created a global public health concern pressing the need for anti-ZIKV drugs. Previous ZIKV drug discovery research has focused on three primary targets, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, envelope protein, and viral proteases, and none has yet resulted in a commercially viable inhibitor. In the quest for finding effective inhibitors, it is important to expand the number of targets available for drug discovery research. To this end, the ZIKV precursor membrane protein (prM) comes to the forefront as a potential target due to its critical role in virus infectivity and pathogenicity. prM acts as a chaperone for envelope protein folding and prevents premature fusion of virions to the host membrane and has not been attempted as a drug target before. One critical requirement for a protein to be an effective target is the ability of the protein to be druggable, i.e. having active sites that can bind to specific ligands. In this work, the druggability of prM was assessed via molecular docking combined molecular dynamics simulations followed binding affinity kinetics studies. Compounds that had a high affinity to the prM protein were screened in silico and ligand-binding free energies were computed using molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area continuum solvation (MM-GBSA) method. In vitro binding kinetics via biolayer interferometry (BLI) and interaction analysis confirmed that prM could be targeted for drug discovery to combat ZIKV infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmitee Mulgaonkar
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Maria King
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sandun Fernando
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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15
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Zika virus infection in chemosensory cells. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:371-381. [PMID: 32144727 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus. ZIKV infection is a significant health concern, with increasing numbers of reports of microcephaly cases in fetuses and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. Interestingly, chemosensory disturbances are also reported as one of the manifestations of GBS. ZIKV infects several human tissues and cell types in vitro and in vivo. However, there is no study demonstrating ZIKV infection and replication in chemosensory cells, including olfactory and taste cells. Taste papilla and olfactory cells are chemosensory receptor cells with unique histological, molecular, and physiological characteristics. Here we examined ZIKV infection (PRVABC59) in cultured human olfactory epithelial cells (hOECs) and fungiform taste papilla (HBO) cells in vitro, as well as in vivo mouse taste and olfactory epithelial and olfactory bulb tissues. Interestingly, while HBO cells showed resistance to ZIKV replication, hOECs were highly susceptible for ZIKV infection and replication. Further, we demonstrated the presence of ZIKV particles and expression of viral proteins in olfactory epithelium, as well as in olfactory bulb, but not in taste papillae, of immunocompromised mice (ifnar/-) infected with the PRVABC59 strain of ZIKV. These observations suggest that chemosensory cells in the olfactory neuroepithelium and olfactory bulb may be important tissues for ZIKV replication and dissemination.
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16
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The journey of Zika to the developing brain. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3097-3115. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZika virus is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus originally isolated from humans in 1952. Following its re-emergence in Brazil in 2015, an increase in the number of babies born with microcephaly to infected mothers was observed. Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised phenotypically by a smaller than average head size, and is usually developed in utero. The 2015 outbreak in the Americas led to the World Health Organisation declaring Zika a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Since then, much research into the effects of Zika has been carried out. Studies have investigated the structure of the virus, its effects on and evasion of the immune response, cellular entry including target receptors, its transmission from infected mother to foetus and its cellular targets. This review discusses current knowledge and novel research into these areas, in hope of developing a further understanding of how exposure of pregnant women to the Zika virus can lead to impaired brain development of their foetus. Although no longer considered an epidemic in the Americas, the mechanism by which Zika acts is still not comprehensively and wholly understood, and this understanding will be crucial in developing effective vaccines and treatments.
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Silva MCPMD, Arnaud MDA, Lyra MCA, Alencar Filho AVD, Rocha MÂW, Ramos RCF, Van Der Linden V, Caldas ADF, Heimer MV, Rosenblatt A. Dental development in children born to Zikv-infected mothers: a case-based study. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 110:104598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
From its discovery in Uganda in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) was considered a relatively innocuous viral pathogen with sporadic and infrequent occurrence of human infection. It was during an outbreak in French Polynesia in 2014 when cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome were identified as a serious complication of ZIKV infection in adults. However, in 2015, ZIKV emerged into and swept through South and Central America infecting millions of people. As part of the latter ZIKV outbreak, in Brazil, cases of microcephaly and other serious congenital complications affecting a large fraction of infants born to mothers infected during pregnancy were first identified and linked to ZIKV. This chapter reviews the history and clinical manifestations of ZIKV infection and mechanisms of immunoprotection. It is notable that, while limited, historical monographs identified most, if not all, of the precepts that are considered as newly discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Maslow
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
- Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA.
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19
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Freitas BC, Beltrão-Braga PCB, Marchetto MC. Modeling Inflammation on Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 25:207-218. [PMID: 32578148 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45493-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) are characterized by an impairment of the nervous system during its development, with a wide variety of phenotypes based on genetic or environmental cues. There are currently several disorders grouped under ND including intellectual disabilities (ID), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although NDs can have multiple culprits with varied diagnostics, several NDs present an inflammatory component. Taking advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), several disorders were modeled in a dish complementing in vivo data from rodent models or clinical data. Monogenic syndromes displaying ND are more feasible to be modeled using iPSCs also due to the ability to recruit patients and clinical data available. Some of these genetic disorders are Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), Rett Syndrome (RTT), and Down Syndrome (DS). Environmental NDs can be caused by maternal immune activation (MIA), such as the infection with Zika virus during pregnancy known to cause neural damage to the fetus. Our goal in this chapter is to review the advances of using stem cell research in NDs, focusing on the role of neuroinflammation on ASD and environmental NDs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C Freitas
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C B Beltrão-Braga
- Laboratory of Disease Modeling, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Zika virus replicates in adult human brain tissue and impairs synapses and memory in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3890. [PMID: 31488835 PMCID: PMC6728367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological complications affecting the central nervous system have been reported in adult patients infected by Zika virus (ZIKV) but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that ZIKV replicates in human and mouse adult brain tissue, targeting mature neurons. ZIKV preferentially targets memory-related brain regions, inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and induces memory impairment in adult mice. TNF-α upregulation, microgliosis and upregulation of complement system proteins, C1q and C3, are induced by ZIKV infection. Microglia are found to engulf hippocampal presynaptic terminals during acute infection. Neutralization of TNF-α signaling, blockage of microglial activation or of C1q/C3 prevent synapse and memory impairment in ZIKV-infected mice. Results suggest that ZIKV induces synapse and memory dysfunction via aberrant activation of TNF-α, microglia and complement. Our findings establish a mechanism by which ZIKV affects the adult brain, and point to the need of evaluating cognitive deficits as a potential comorbidity in ZIKV-infected adults. Here, using ex-vivo human adult cortical tissue and a mouse model, the authors investigate the functional consequences of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adult brain, and show that ZIKV causes synapse damage and altered brain function that impacts cognition via activation of innate and inflammatory factors.
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21
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Büttner C, Heer M, Traichel J, Schwemmle M, Heimrich B. Zika Virus-Mediated Death of Hippocampal Neurons Is Independent From Maturation State. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:389. [PMID: 31551711 PMCID: PMC6736629 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of pregnant women and diaplazental transmission to the fetus is linked to the congenital syndrome of microcephaly in newborns. This neuropathology is believed to result from significant death of neuronal progenitor cells (NPC). Here, we examined the fate of neurons in the developing hippocampus, a brain structure which houses neuronal populations of different maturation states. For this purpose, we infected hippocampal slice cultures from immunocompetent newborn mice with ZIKV and monitored changes in hippocampal architecture. In neurons of all hippocampal subfields ZIKV was detected by immunofluorescence labeling and electron microscopy. This includes pyramidal neurons that maturate during the embryonic phase. In the dentate gyrus, ZIKV could be found in the Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells which belong to the earliest born cortical neurons, but also in granule cells that are predominantly generated postnatally. Intriguingly, virus particles were also present in the correctly outgrowing mossy fiber axons of juvenile granule cells, suggesting that viral infection does not impair region- and layer-specific formation of this projection. ZIKV infection of hippocampal tissue was accompanied by both a profound astrocyte reaction indicating tissue injury and a microglia response suggesting phagocytotic activity. Furthermore, depending on the viral load and incubation time, we observed extensive overall neuronal loss in the cultured hippocampal slice cultures. Thus, we conclude ZIKV can replicate in various neuronal populations and trigger neuronal death independent of the maturation state of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Büttner
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maxi Heer
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Traichel
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Branche E, Simon AY, Sheets N, Kim K, Barker D, Nguyen AVT, Sahota H, Young MP, Salgado R, Mamidi A, Viramontes KM, Carnelley T, Qiu H, Elong Ngono A, Regla-Nava JA, Susantono MX, Valls Cuevas JM, Kennedy K, Kodihalli S, Shresta S. Human Polyclonal Antibodies Prevent Lethal Zika Virus Infection in Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9857. [PMID: 31285451 PMCID: PMC6614477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a major threat to global health. ZIKV infections in adults are generally asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms. However, recent outbreaks of ZIKV have revealed that it can cause Congenital Zika Syndrome in neonates and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Currently, no ZIKV-specific vaccines or antiviral treatments are available. In this study, we tested the efficacy of convalescent plasma IgG hyperimmune product (ZIKV-IG) isolated from individuals with high neutralizing anti-ZIKV titers as a therapeutic candidate against ZIKV infection using a model of ZIKV infection in Ifnar1-/- mice. ZIKV-IG successfully protected mice from lethal ZIKV challenge. In particular, ZIKV-IG treatment at 24 hours after lethal ZIKV infection improved survival by reducing weight loss and tissue viral burden and improving clinical score. Additionally, ZIKV-IG eliminated ZIKV-induced tissue damage and inflammation in the brain and liver. These results indicate that ZIKV-IG is efficacious against ZIKV, suggesting this human polyclonal antibody is a viable candidate for further development as a treatment against human ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Branche
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ayo Yila Simon
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Douglas Barker
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Anh-Viet T Nguyen
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Harpreet Sahota
- Medical Affairs, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Matthew Perry Young
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Salgado
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anila Mamidi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karla M Viramontes
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Trevor Carnelley
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Annie Elong Ngono
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Joan M Valls Cuevas
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kieron Kennedy
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Shantha Kodihalli
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada.
| | - Sujan Shresta
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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23
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Xu D, Li C, Qin CF, Xu Z. Update on the Animal Models and Underlying Mechanisms for ZIKV-Induced Microcephaly. Annu Rev Virol 2019; 6:459-479. [PMID: 31206355 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in nearly 80 countries and territories poses a significant global threat to public health. ZIKV is causally linked to severe developmental defects in the brain, recognized as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which includes microcephaly and other serious congenital neurological complications. Since the World Health Organization declared the ZIKV outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, remarkable progress has been made in the generation of different ZIKV infection animal models to gain insight into cellular targets and pathogenesis and to explore the associated underlying mechanisms. Here we focus on summarizing our current understanding of the effects of ZIKV on mammalian brain development in different developmental stages and discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of ZIKV-induced CZS, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; .,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
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Alfano C, Gladwyn-Ng I, Couderc T, Lecuit M, Nguyen L. The Unfolded Protein Response: A Key Player in Zika Virus-Associated Congenital Microcephaly. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 30971894 PMCID: PMC6445045 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, together with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. In the wake of its emergence in the French Polynesia and in the Americas, ZIKV has been shown to cause congenital microcephaly. It is the first arbovirus which has been proven to be teratogenic and sexually transmissible. Confronted with this major public health challenge, the scientific and medical communities teamed up to precisely characterize the clinical features of congenital ZIKV syndrome and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This review focuses on the critical impact of the unfolded protein response (UPR) on ZIKV-associated congenital microcephaly. ZIKV infection of cortical neuron progenitors leads to high endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This results in both the stalling of indirect neurogenesis, and UPR-dependent neuronal apoptotic death, and leads to cortical microcephaly. In line with these results, the administration of molecules inhibiting UPR prevents ZIKV-induced cortical microcephaly. The discovery of the link between ZIKV infection and UPR activation has a broader relevance, since this pathway plays a crucial role in many distinct cellular processes and its induction by ZIKV may account for several reported ZIKV-associated defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alfano
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1117, Biologie des Infections, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1117, Biologie des Infections, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Institut Imagine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Li G, Bos S, Tsetsarkin KA, Pletnev AG, Desprès P, Gadea G, Zhao RY. The Roles of prM-E Proteins in Historical and Epidemic Zika Virus-mediated Infection and Neurocytotoxicity. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020157. [PMID: 30769824 PMCID: PMC6409645 DOI: 10.3390/v11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in Africa in 1947. It was shown to be a mild virus that had limited threat to humans. However, the resurgence of the ZIKV in the most recent Brazil outbreak surprised us because it causes severe human congenital and neurologic disorders including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Studies showed that the epidemic ZIKV strains are phenotypically different from the historic strains, suggesting that the epidemic ZIKV has acquired mutations associated with the altered viral pathogenicity. However, what genetic changes are responsible for the changed viral pathogenicity remains largely unknown. One of our early studies suggested that the ZIKV structural proteins contribute in part to the observed virologic differences. The objectives of this study were to compare the historic African MR766 ZIKV strain with two epidemic Brazilian strains (BR15 and ICD) for their abilities to initiate viral infection and to confer neurocytopathic effects in the human brain’s SNB-19 glial cells, and further to determine which part of the ZIKV structural proteins are responsible for the observed differences. Our results show that the historic African (MR766) and epidemic Brazilian (BR15 and ICD) ZIKV strains are different in viral attachment to host neuronal cells, viral permissiveness and replication, as well as in the induction of cytopathic effects. The analysis of chimeric viruses, generated between the MR766 and BR15 molecular clones, suggests that the ZIKV E protein correlates with the viral attachment, and the C-prM region contributes to the permissiveness and ZIKV-induced cytopathic effects. The expression of adenoviruses, expressing prM and its processed protein products, shows that the prM protein and its cleaved Pr product, but not the mature M protein, induces apoptotic cell death in the SNB-19 cells. We found that the Pr region, which resides on the N-terminal side of prM protein, is responsible for prM-induced apoptotic cell death. Mutational analysis further identified four amino-acid residues that have an impact on the ability of prM to induce apoptosis. Together, the results of this study show that the difference of ZIKV-mediated viral pathogenicity, between the historic and epidemic strains, contributed in part the functions of the structural prM-E proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sandra Bos
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Sainte-Clotilde, 97400 La Réunion, France.
| | | | | | - Philippe Desprès
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Sainte-Clotilde, 97400 La Réunion, France.
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Sainte-Clotilde, 97400 La Réunion, France.
| | - Richard Y Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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26
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Gharbaran R, Somenarain L. Putative Cellular and Molecular Roles of Zika Virus in Fetal and Pediatric Neuropathologies. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:5-21. [PMID: 30149771 DOI: 10.1177/1093526618790742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the World Health Organization declared an end to the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and its association with adverse fetal and pediatric outcome, on November 18, 2016, the virus still remains a severe public health threat. Laboratory experiments thus far supported the suspicions that ZIKV is a teratogenic agent. Evidence indicated that ZIKV infection cripples the host cells' innate immune responses, allowing productive replication and potential dissemination of the virus. In addition, studies suggest potential transplacental passage of the virus and subsequent selective targeting of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Depletion of NPCs by ZIKV is associated with restricted brain growth. And while microcephaly can result from infection at any gestational stages, the risk is greater during the first trimester. Although a number of recent studies revealed some of specific molecular and cellular roles of ZIKV proteins of this mosquito-borne flavivirus, the mechanisms by which it produces it suspected pathophysiological effects are not completely understood. Thus, this review highlights the cellular and molecular evidence that implicate ZIKV in fetal and pediatric neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Gharbaran
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York
| | - Latchman Somenarain
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York
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27
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Tavakoli A, Esghaei M, Karbalaie Niya MH, Marjani A, Tabibzadeh A, Karimzadeh M, Monavari SH. A comprehensive review of Zika virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF QAZVIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/qums.22.5.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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28
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Alves MP, Vielle NJ, Thiel V, Pfaender S. Research Models and Tools for the Identification of Antivirals and Therapeutics against Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110593. [PMID: 30380760 PMCID: PMC6265910 DOI: 10.3390/v10110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus recently re-emerged and caused global outbreaks mainly in Central Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and in Central and South America. Even though there is a declining trend, the virus continues to spread throughout different geographical regions of the world. Since its re-emergence in 2015, massive advances have been made regarding our understanding of clinical manifestations, epidemiology, genetic diversity, genomic structure and potential therapeutic intervention strategies. Nevertheless, treatment remains a challenge as there is no licensed effective therapy available. This review focuses on the recent advances regarding research models, as well as available experimental tools that can be used for the identification and characterization of potential antiviral targets and therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P Alves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie J Vielle
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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29
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Albuquerque MDFPMD, Souza WVD, Araújo TVB, Braga MC, Miranda Filho DDB, Ximenes RADA, de Melo Filho DA, Brito CAAD, Valongueiro S, Melo APLD, Brandão- Filho SP, Martelli CMT. Epidemia de microcefalia e vírus Zika: a construção do conhecimento em epidemiologia. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00069018. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00069018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Em agosto de 2015, neuropediatras de hospitais públicos do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, observaram um aumento do número de casos de microcefalia desproporcional associado a anomalias cerebrais. Esse fato gerou comoção social, mobilização da comunidade acadêmica e levou o Ministério da Saúde a decretar emergência de saúde pública nacional, seguida pela declaração de emergência de saúde pública de interesse internacional da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A hipótese formulada para o fenômeno foi a infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika (ZIKV), com base na correlação espaço-temporal e nas características clínico-epidemiológicas das duas epidemias. Evidências se acumularam e no âmbito do raciocínio epidemiológico preencheram critérios que deram sustentação à hipótese. Sua plausibilidade está ancorada no neurotropismo do ZIKV demonstrado em animais, atingindo neurônios progenitores do cérebro em desenvolvimento, e em seres humanos devido às complicações neurológicas observadas em adultos após a infecção. O isolamento do RNA e antígenos virais no líquido amniótico de mães infectadas e em cérebros de neonatos e fetos com microcefalia contribuíram para demonstrar a consistência da hipótese. O critério de temporalidade foi contemplado ao se identificar desfechos desfavoráveis em uma coorte de gestantes com exantema e positivas para o ZIKV. Finalmente, o primeiro estudo caso-controle conduzido demonstrou existir uma forte associação entre microcefalia e infecção congênita pelo ZIKV. O conhecimento construído no âmbito do paradigma epidemiológico recebeu a chancela da comunidade científica, construindo o consenso de uma relação causal entre o ZIKV e a epidemia de microcefalia.
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30
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Lebov JF, Brown LM, MacDonald PDM, Robertson K, Bowman NM, Hooper SR, Becker-Dreps S. Review: Evidence of Neurological Sequelae in Children With Acquired Zika Virus Infection. Pediatr Neurol 2018; 85:16-20. [PMID: 30343688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on health outcomes related to Zika virus infection acquired during childhood. Zika virus can cause severe central nervous system malformations in congenitally exposed fetuses and neonates. In vitro studies show the capacity of Zika virus to infect neural progenitor cells, induce central and peripheral neuronal cell deaths, and target different brain cells over the course of brain development. Studies of postnatally infected mice and nonhuman primates have detected degradation of neural cells and morphologic brain cell changes consistent with a broad neuroinflammatory response. In addition, case reports of central nervous system disease in adults and in adolescents secondary to Zika virus infection suggest that Zika virus may have a broader impact on neurological health beyond that observed in congenitally exposed newborns. Long-term neurological complications have been observed with other acquired flaviviral infections, with clinical symptoms manifesting for years after primary infection. The extent to which postnatal Zika virus infection in humans negatively affects the central and peripheral nervous systems and causes long-term neurological damage or cognitive effects is currently unknown. To better understand the potential for neurological sequelae associated with acquired Zika virus infection in children, we reviewed the biological, clinical, and epidemiologic literature and summarized the evidence for this link. First, we review biological mechanisms for neurological manifestations of Zika virus infection in experimental studies. Second, we review observational studies of congenital Zika virus infection and case studies and surveillance reports of neurological sequelae of Zika virus infection in adults and in children. Lastly, we discuss the challenges of conducting Zika virus-neurological sequela studies and future directions for pediatric Zika virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill F Lebov
- RTI International, Center for Applied Public Health Research, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Linda M Brown
- RTI International, Center for Applied Public Health Research, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Pia D M MacDonald
- RTI International, Center for Applied Public Health Research, Berkeley, California
| | - Kevin Robertson
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natalie M Bowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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31
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Coyaud E, Ranadheera C, Cheng D, Gonçalves J, Dyakov BJA, Laurent EMN, St-Germain J, Pelletier L, Gingras AC, Brumell JH, Kim PK, Safronetz D, Raught B. Global Interactomics Uncovers Extensive Organellar Targeting by Zika Virus. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2242-2255. [PMID: 30037810 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir118.000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a membrane enveloped Flavivirus with a positive strand RNA genome, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The geographical range of ZIKV has dramatically expanded in recent decades resulting in increasing numbers of infected individuals, and the spike in ZIKV infections has been linked to significant increases in both Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. Although a large number of host proteins have been physically and/or functionally linked to other Flaviviruses, very little is known about the virus-host protein interactions established by ZIKV. Here we map host cell protein interaction profiles for each of the ten polypeptides encoded in the ZIKV genome, generating a protein topology network comprising 3033 interactions among 1224 unique human polypeptides. The interactome is enriched in proteins with roles in polypeptide processing and quality control, vesicle trafficking, RNA processing and lipid metabolism. >60% of the network components have been previously implicated in other types of viral infections; the remaining interactors comprise hundreds of new putative ZIKV functional partners. Mining this rich data set, we highlight several examples of how ZIKV may usurp or disrupt the function of host cell organelles, and uncover an important role for peroxisomes in ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Coyaud
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlene Ranadheera
- §Public Health Agency of Canada, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Derrick Cheng
- ¶Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‖Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - João Gonçalves
- **Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris J A Dyakov
- **Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‡‡Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Estelle M N Laurent
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan St-Germain
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- **Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‡‡Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- **Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‡‡Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- ¶Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‡‡Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,§§Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,¶¶Sick Kids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- ¶Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‖Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- §Public Health Agency of Canada, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,‖‖Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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32
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Santos GRBD, Aragão FBA, Lobão WJDM, Lima FR, Andrade LMRLD, Furtado QR, Batista JE. Relationship between microcephaly and Zika virus during pregnancy: a review. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018; 64:635-642. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.07.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY AIM: the present study analysed the association between Zika-virus and microcephaly during the gestational period of women in Brazil. Methodology: Systematic reviews of intervention research, current publications of clinical investigations were used systematic search strategies in three electronic databases PubMed, SciELO and Google academic. The following keywords were used: Microcephaly, gestation, Zika-virus to perform the search, and 1020 articles were obtained after exclusion, 45 were left and 35 were eligible. The collection period was from 2004 to 2017. Results: Epidemiological data suggest a temporal association between the quantitative increase and the Zika-virus epidemic, especially in Northeast Brazil. It is not consensual to measure the cephalic perimeter curve to be considered. Conclusion: Given this, the application of techniques to accurately diagnose the relationship between causes and effects in the pathogenesis of Zika virus infection in the central nervous system should be prioritized.
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33
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Alimonti JB, Ribecco-Lutkiewicz M, Sodja C, Jezierski A, Stanimirovic DB, Liu Q, Haqqani AS, Conlan W, Bani-Yaghoub M. Zika virus crosses an in vitro human blood brain barrier model. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:15. [PMID: 29759080 PMCID: PMC5952854 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that is highly neurotropic causing congenital abnormalities and neurological damage to the central nervous systems (CNS). In this study, we used a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived blood brain barrier (BBB) model to demonstrate that ZIKV can infect brain endothelial cells (i-BECs) without compromising the BBB barrier integrity or permeability. Although no disruption to the BBB was observed post-infection, ZIKV particles were released on the abluminal side of the BBB model and infected underlying iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (i-NPs). AXL, a putative ZIKV cellular entry receptor, was also highly expressed in ZIKV-susceptible i-BEC and i-NPs. This iPSC-derived BBB model can help elucidate the mechanism by which ZIKV can infect BECs, cross the BBB and gain access to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judie B. Alimonti
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Maria Ribecco-Lutkiewicz
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Caroline Sodja
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Qing Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Arsalan S. Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Wayne Conlan
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mahmud Bani-Yaghoub
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
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34
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Lee I, Bos S, Li G, Wang S, Gadea G, Desprès P, Zhao RY. Probing Molecular Insights into Zika Virus⁻Host Interactions. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050233. [PMID: 29724036 PMCID: PMC5977226 DOI: 10.3390/v10050233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas surprised all of us because of its rapid spread and association with neurologic disorders including fetal microcephaly, brain and ocular anomalies, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. In response to this global health crisis, unprecedented and world-wide efforts are taking place to study the ZIKV-related human diseases. Much has been learned about this virus in the areas of epidemiology, genetic diversity, protein structures, and clinical manifestations, such as consequences of ZIKV infection on fetal brain development. However, progress on understanding the molecular mechanism underlying ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders remains elusive. To date, we still lack a good understanding of; (1) what virologic factors are involved in the ZIKV-associated human diseases; (2) which ZIKV protein(s) contributes to the enhanced viral pathogenicity; and (3) how do the newly adapted and pandemic ZIKV strains alter their interactions with the host cells leading to neurologic defects? The goal of this review is to explore the molecular insights into the ZIKV–host interactions with an emphasis on host cell receptor usage for viral entry, cell innate immunity to ZIKV, and the ability of ZIKV to subvert antiviral responses and to cause cytopathic effects. We hope this literature review will inspire additional molecular studies focusing on ZIKV–host Interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sandra Bos
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Richard Y Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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35
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Gaburro J, Bhatti A, Harper J, Jeanne I, Dearnley M, Green D, Nahavandi S, Paradkar PN, Duchemin JB. Neurotropism and behavioral changes associated with Zika infection in the vector Aedes aegypti. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:68. [PMID: 29691362 PMCID: PMC5915379 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding Zika virus infection dynamics is essential, as its recent emergence revealed possible devastating neuropathologies in humans, thus causing a major threat to public health worldwide. Recent research allowed breakthrough in our understanding of the virus and host pathogenesis; however, little is known on its impact on its main vector, Aedes aegypti. Here we show how Zika virus targets Aedes aegypti’s neurons and induces changes in its behavior. Results are compared to dengue virus, another flavivirus, which triggers a different pattern of behavioral changes. We used microelectrode array technology to record electrical spiking activity of mosquito primary neurons post infections and discovered that only Zika virus causes an increase in spiking activity of the neuronal network. Confocal microscopy also revealed an increase in synapse connections for Zika virus-infected neuronal networks. Interestingly, the results also showed that mosquito responds to infection by overexpressing glutamate regulatory genes while maintaining virus levels. This neuro-excitation, possibly via glutamate, could contribute to the observed behavioral changes in Zika virus-infected Aedes aegypti females. This study reveals the importance of virus-vector interaction in arbovirus neurotropism, in humans and vector. However, it appears that the consequences differ in the two hosts, with neuropathology in human host, while behavioral changes in the mosquito vector that may be advantageous to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gaburro
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia.,Deakin University, Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Geelong, Australia
| | - Asim Bhatti
- Deakin University, Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Geelong, Australia
| | - Jenni Harper
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Megan Dearnley
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Diane Green
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Saeid Nahavandi
- Deakin University, Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Geelong, Australia
| | - Prasad N Paradkar
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jean-Bernard Duchemin
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia.
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36
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Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Castillo-Medina LF, Rodríguez Y, Pacheco Y, Halstead S, Willison HJ, Anaya JM, Ramírez-Santana C. Autoimmune Neurological Conditions Associated With Zika Virus Infection. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:116. [PMID: 29695953 PMCID: PMC5904274 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus rapidly spreading throughout the tropical Americas. Aedes mosquitoes is the principal way of transmission of the virus to humans. ZIKV can be spread by transplacental, perinatal, and body fluids. ZIKV infection is often asymptomatic and those with symptoms present minor illness after 3 to 12 days of incubation, characterized by a mild and self-limiting disease with low-grade fever, conjunctivitis, widespread pruritic maculopapular rash, arthralgia and myalgia. ZIKV has been linked to a number of central and peripheral nervous system injuries such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis (TM), meningoencephalitis, ophthalmological manifestations, and other neurological complications. Nevertheless, mechanisms of host-pathogen neuro-immune interactions remain incompletely elucidated. This review provides a critical discussion about the possible mechanisms underlying the development of autoimmune neurological conditions associated with Zika virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Luis F Castillo-Medina
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yovana Pacheco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Susan Halstead
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
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37
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Mavigner M, Raper J, Kovacs-Balint Z, Gumber S, O'Neal JT, Bhaumik SK, Zhang X, Habib J, Mattingly C, McDonald CE, Avanzato V, Burke MW, Magnani DM, Bailey VK, Watkins DI, Vanderford TH, Fair D, Earl E, Feczko E, Styner M, Jean SM, Cohen JK, Silvestri G, Johnson RP, O'Connor DH, Wrammert J, Suthar MS, Sanchez MM, Alvarado MC, Chahroudi A. Postnatal Zika virus infection is associated with persistent abnormalities in brain structure, function, and behavior in infant macaques. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaao6975. [PMID: 29618564 PMCID: PMC6186170 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic is associated with fetal brain lesions and other serious birth defects classified as congenital ZIKV syndrome. Postnatal ZIKV infection in infants and children has been reported; however, data on brain anatomy, function, and behavioral outcomes following infection are absent. We show that postnatal ZIKV infection of infant rhesus macaques (RMs) results in persistent structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system compared to age-matched controls. We demonstrate ZIKV lymphoid tropism and neurotropism in infant RMs and histopathologic abnormalities in the peripheral and central nervous systems including inflammatory infiltrates, astrogliosis, and Wallerian degeneration. Structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI/rs-fMRI) show persistent enlargement of lateral ventricles, maturational changes in specific brain regions, and altered functional connectivity (FC) between brain areas involved in emotional behavior and arousal functions, including weakened amygdala-hippocampal connectivity in two of two ZIKV-infected infant RMs several months after clearance of ZIKV RNA from peripheral blood. ZIKV infection also results in distinct alterations in the species-typical emotional reactivity to acute stress, which were predicted by the weak amygdala-hippocampal FC. We demonstrate that postnatal ZIKV infection of infants in this model affects neurodevelopment, suggesting that long-term clinical monitoring of pediatric cases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Mavigner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jessica Raper
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Zsofia Kovacs-Balint
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Siddhartha K Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jakob Habib
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cameron Mattingly
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Victoria Avanzato
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark W Burke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Diogo M Magnani
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Varian K Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - David I Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Thomas H Vanderford
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Damien Fair
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Eric Earl
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Eric Feczko
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sherrie M Jean
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joyce K Cohen
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - R Paul Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mar M Sanchez
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Maria C Alvarado
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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de Souza Campos Fernandes RC, de Souza TL, Medina-Acosta E. Congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 16:772. [PMID: 27352749 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Célia de Souza Campos Fernandes
- Faculty of Medicine of Campos, Capos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28035-581, Brazil; Municipal Program for the Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28010-140, Brazil; Molecular Identification and Diagnosis Unit, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janerio, 28035-200, Brazil.
| | - Thais Louvain de Souza
- Molecular Identification and Diagnosis Unit, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janerio, 28035-200, Brazil
| | - Enrique Medina-Acosta
- Molecular Identification and Diagnosis Unit, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janerio, 28035-200, Brazil
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Stefanik M, Formanova P, Bily T, Vancova M, Eyer L, Palus M, Salat J, Braconi CT, Zanotto PMDA, Gould EA, Ruzek D. Characterisation of Zika virus infection in primary human astrocytes. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:5. [PMID: 29463209 PMCID: PMC5820785 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has linked ZIKV with microcephaly and other central nervous system pathologies in humans. Astrocytes are among the first cells to respond to ZIKV infection in the brain and are also targets for virus infection. In this study, we investigated the interaction between ZIKV and primary human brain cortical astrocytes (HBCA). RESULTS HBCAs were highly sensitive to representatives of both Asian and African ZIKV lineages and produced high viral yields. The infection was associated with limited immune cytokine/chemokine response activation; the highest increase of expression, following infection, was seen in CXCL-10 (IP-10), interleukin-6, 8, 12, and CCL5 (RANTES). Ultrastructural changes in the ZIKV-infected HBCA were characterized by electron tomography (ET). ET reconstructions elucidated high-resolution 3D images of the proliferating and extensively rearranged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) containing viral particles and virus-induced vesicles, tightly juxtaposed to collapsed ER cisternae. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that human astrocytes are sensitive to ZIKV infection and could be a source of proinflammatory cytokines in the ZIKV-infected brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stefanik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Formanova
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Bily
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vancova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Palus
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Salat
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carla Torres Braconi
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paolo M de A Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ernest A Gould
- EHESP French School of Public Health, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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40
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Frank C, Faber M, Stark K. Causal or not: applying the Bradford Hill aspects of evidence to the association between Zika virus and microcephaly. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 8:305-7. [PMID: 26976611 PMCID: PMC4818755 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While experts have suspected a causal link between outbreaks of Zika virus and microcephaly, it was not demonstrated. The currently available data are here organized into the Austin Bradford Hill's aspects of evidence for the consideration of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Frank
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirko Faber
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Stark
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Poland GA, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Palacios R, Ho PL, Kalil J. Development of vaccines against Zika virus. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:e211-e219. [PMID: 29396004 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus is an emerging pathogen of substantial public health concern to human beings. Although most infections are asymptomatic or present with benign, self-limited symptoms, a small percentage of patients have complications, such as congenital anomalies in the developing fetus of pregnant women infected with the virus and neurological complications (eg, Guillain-Barré syndrome). To date, there is no vaccine, antiviral drug, or other modality available to prevent or treat Zika virus infection. In this Review, we examine vaccine development efforts for Zika virus to date and research gaps in the development of candidate vaccines against Zika virus. Top research priorities should include development of a better understanding of immunity to Zika virus to establish clear correlates of protection; determination of what effect, if any, Zika vaccine-induced immune responses will have on subsequent dengue virus infection; evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in healthy adults and in the various subpopulations affected by Zika virus infection (children, pregnant women, women of childbearing age, and eldery people); and identification of the molecular mechanisms that underlie birth defects and neurological sequelae related to Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Kalil
- Medical School and Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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42
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Kong W, Li H, Zhu J. Zika virus: The transboundary pathogen from mosquito and updates. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:476-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Gladwyn-Ng I, Cordón-Barris L, Alfano C, Creppe C, Couderc T, Morelli G, Thelen N, America M, Bessières B, Encha-Razavi F, Bonnière M, Suzuki IK, Flamand M, Vanderhaeghen P, Thiry M, Lecuit M, Nguyen L. Stress-induced unfolded protein response contributes to Zika virus-associated microcephaly. Nat Neurosci 2017; 21:63-71. [PMID: 29230053 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence support a causal link between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during gestation and congenital microcephaly. However, the mechanism of ZIKV-associated microcephaly remains unclear. We combined analyses of ZIKV-infected human fetuses, cultured human neural stem cells and mouse embryos to understand how ZIKV induces microcephaly. We show that ZIKV triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in the cerebral cortex of infected postmortem human fetuses as well as in cultured human neural stem cells. After intracerebral and intraplacental inoculation of ZIKV in mouse embryos, we show that it triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress in embryonic brains in vivo. This perturbs a physiological unfolded protein response within cortical progenitors that controls neurogenesis. Thus, ZIKV-infected progenitors generate fewer projection neurons that eventually settle in the cerebral cortex, whereupon sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress leads to apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that administration of pharmacological inhibitors of unfolded protein response counteracts these pathophysiological mechanisms and prevents microcephaly in ZIKV-infected mouse embryos. Such defects are specific to ZIKV, as they are not observed upon intraplacental injection of other related flaviviruses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lluís Cordón-Barris
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Alfano
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Creppe
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Morelli
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,BIOMED - Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Thelen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michelle America
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bettina Bessières
- Département d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Paris, France.,Inserm U 1163 Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Férechté Encha-Razavi
- Département d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Bonnière
- Département d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ikuo K Suzuki
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Biology (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Flamand
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Biology (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France. .,Inserm U1117, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
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Şahiner F, Siğ AK, Savaşçi Ü, Tekin K, Akay F. Zika Virus-associated Ocular and Neurologic Disorders: The Emergence of New Evidence. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:e341-e346. [PMID: 28719506 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been approximately 70 years since the discovery of the Zika virus (ZIKV). It had been established that the virus causes mild infections and is confined to Africa and Asia; however, major changes in the clinical and epidemiologic patterns of ZIKV infection have occurred in recent years. The virus has attracted intense interest because of the possible association of several autoimmune and neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS We present a summary of the articles that attempt to explain the ZIKV unknowns and strengthen the association with some disorders that are thought to be related to ZIKV, by describing the discovery milestones from the initial identification of the virus to the present day. RESULTS New evidence strengthens the association between ZIKV infections and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), microcephaly and various neurodevelopmental and ophthalmologic disorders as a result of numerous new clinical and experimental studies. CONCLUSIONS The World Health Organization declared the end of the "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" in December 2016, but ZIKV and associated consequences remain a significant enduring public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Şahiner
- From the *Department of Medical Microbiology, Gulhane Medical Faculty, University of Health Sciences, and †Department of Infectious Disease, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, and ‡Department of Medical Microbiology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, and §Department of Ophthalmology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
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45
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Javed F, Manzoor KN, Ali M, Haq IU, Khan AA, Zaib A, Manzoor S. Zika virus: what we need to know? J Basic Microbiol 2017; 58:3-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farakh Javed
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | | | - Mubashar Ali
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Irshad U. Haq
- Department of Microbiology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Abid A. Khan
- Department of Biosciences; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Assad Zaib
- Department of Medical Lab Technology; University of Haripur; Haripur Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Bio-Sciences; National University of Science and Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
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46
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Platt DJ, Miner JJ. Consequences of congenital Zika virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 27:1-7. [PMID: 29080429 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas led to the discovery that ZIKV causes congenital abnormalities including microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and eye disease that can result in blindness. Studies in animal models and human organoid cultures, together with human epidemiological studies, have shown that ZIKV crosses the placenta and subsequently replicates within fetal tissues including the developing brain. Preferential infection of neural cell precursors causes damage to the developing fetal brain. However, a majority of congenitally infected humans do not develop microcephaly or other overt congenital abnormalities, so longitudinal epidemiological studies are necessary to more completely define the long-term consequences of in utero ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Platt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jonathan J Miner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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47
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Bordi L, Avsic-Zupanc T, Lalle E, Vairo F, Capobianchi MR, da Costa Vasconcelos PF. Emerging Zika Virus Infection: A Rapidly Evolving Situation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 972:61-86. [PMID: 28032327 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, firstly identified in Uganda and responsible for sporadic human cases in Africa and Asia until recently, when large outbreak occurred in Pacific Ocean and the Americas. Since the main vectors during its spread outside of Africa have been Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, which are widely distributed all over the world, there is urgent need for a coordinated response for prevention and spread of ZIKV epidemics.Despite clinical manifestation of Zika virus infection are usually mild and self limiting, there are reports suggesting, during the recent epidemic, an association of ZIKV infection with severe consequences, including fetal/newborn microcephaly, due to vertical in utero transmission, autoimmune-neurological presentations including cranial nerve dysfunction, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome in adults. The primary mode of transmission of Zika virus between humans is through the bite of an infected female mosquito of the Aedes genus, but also sexual and blood transfusion transmission may occur. Moreover, a case of non-sexual spread from one person to another has been described, indicating that we still have more to learn about Zika transmission.Biological basis for pathogenetic effects are under investigation. Laboratory diagnosis is challenging since, so far, there are no "gold standard" diagnostic tools, and the low and short viremia in the acute phase, and together with the high cross-reactivity among the members of flavivirus genus are the most challenging aspects to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Bordi
- Laboratory of virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Tatjana Avsic-Zupanc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vairo
- Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
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Zika virus induces astrocyte differentiation in neural stem cells. J Neurovirol 2017; 24:52-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Krause KK, Azouz F, Shin OS, Kumar M. Understanding the Pathogenesis of Zika Virus Infection Using Animal Models. Immune Netw 2017; 17:287-297. [PMID: 29093650 PMCID: PMC5662778 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.5.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of Flaviviridae family that has emerged as a pathogen of significant public health importance. The rapid expansion of ZIKV in the South and Central America has recently gained medical attention emphasizing the capacity of ZIKV to spread to non-endemic regions. ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been demonstrated to cause microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities. An increased incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome, an immune mediated neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system, has also been reported in ZIKV-infected patients in French Polynesia and Brazil. No effective therapies currently exist for treating patients infected with ZIKV. Despite the relatively short time interval, an intensive effort by the global scientific community has resulted in development of animal models to study multiple aspects of ZIKV biology. Several animal models have been established to investigate pathogenesis of ZIKV in adults, pregnant mothers, and developing fetuses. Here we review the remarkable progress of newly developed small and large animal models for understanding ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeton K Krause
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Francine Azouz
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Lin JJ, Chin TY, Chen CP, Chan HL, Wu TY. Zika virus: An emerging challenge for obstetrics and gynecology. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:585-592. [PMID: 29037541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcephaly is a rare birth defect, however, the re-emerging mosquito and sexual transmitted flavivirus, Zika virus (ZIKV), had changed the situation and caused an urgent challenge for the obstetrics and gynecology. This review will brief summarize the epidemiology and virology of ZIKV. And compared the animal models that had developed for the ZIKV infections. These animal models will be benefit for the development of vaccines and anti-ZIKV drugs. Furthermore, the genes that are involved in the causation of microcephaly were also summarized. Finally, the Wnt signal is critical for the brain development as well as innate immune response. Based on previous literatures, we proposed that ZIKV-induced microcephaly might result from the influence of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through the regulation of miRNA-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhe-Jhih Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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