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Martinez-Morata I, Sobel M, Tellez-Plaza M, Navas-Acien A, Howe CG, Sanchez TR. A State-of-the-Science Review on Metal Biomarkers. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:215-249. [PMID: 37337116 PMCID: PMC10822714 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Biomarkers are commonly used in epidemiological studies to assess metals and metalloid exposure and estimate internal dose, as they integrate multiple sources and routes of exposure. Researchers are increasingly using multi-metal panels and innovative statistical methods to understand how exposure to real-world metal mixtures affects human health. Metals have both common and unique sources and routes of exposure, as well as biotransformation and elimination pathways. The development of multi-element analytical technology allows researchers to examine a broad spectrum of metals in their studies; however, their interpretation is complex as they can reflect different windows of exposure and several biomarkers have critical limitations. This review elaborates on more than 500 scientific publications to discuss major sources of exposure, biotransformation and elimination, and biomarkers of exposure and internal dose for 12 metals/metalloids, including 8 non-essential elements (arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, tin, uranium) and 4 essential elements (manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc) commonly used in multi-element analyses. RECENT FINDINGS We conclude that not all metal biomarkers are adequate measures of exposure and that understanding the metabolic biotransformation and elimination of metals is key to metal biomarker interpretation. For example, whole blood is a good biomarker of exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and tin, but it is not a good indicator for barium, nickel, and uranium. For some essential metals, the interpretation of whole blood biomarkers is unclear. Urine is the most commonly used biomarker of exposure across metals but it should not be used to assess lead exposure. Essential metals such as zinc and manganese are tightly regulated by homeostatic processes; thus, elevated levels in urine may reflect body loss and metabolic processes rather than excess exposure. Total urinary arsenic may reflect exposure to both organic and inorganic arsenic, thus, arsenic speciation and adjustment for arsebonetaine are needed in populations with dietary seafood consumption. Hair and nails primarily reflect exposure to organic mercury, except in populations exposed to high levels of inorganic mercury such as in occupational and environmental settings. When selecting biomarkers, it is also critical to consider the exposure window of interest. Most populations are chronically exposed to metals in the low-to-moderate range, yet many biomarkers reflect recent exposures. Toenails are emerging biomarkers in this regard. They are reliable biomarkers of long-term exposure for arsenic, mercury, manganese, and selenium. However, more research is needed to understand the role of nails as a biomarker of exposure to other metals. Similarly, teeth are increasingly used to assess lifelong exposures to several essential and non-essential metals such as lead, including during the prenatal window. As metals epidemiology moves towards embracing a multi-metal/mixtures approach and expanding metal panels to include less commonly studied metals, it is important for researchers to have a strong knowledge base about the metal biomarkers included in their research. This review aims to aid metals researchers in their analysis planning, facilitate sound analytical decision-making, as well as appropriate understanding and interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martinez-Morata
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 1107, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Marisa Sobel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 1107, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 1107, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 1107, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Kumar N, Thorat ST, Reddy KS. Multi biomarker approach to assess manganese and manganese nanoparticles toxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8505. [PMID: 37231182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for humans and animals including, fish. It is a still poorly studied in aquatic organisms, where it can be noticeably useful for dietary components and also found pollutant in aquatic environment at high concentrations. On the above information, an experiment was delineated to determine the lethal concentration of manganese (Mn) and manganese nanoparticles (Mn-NPs) alone and with high temperature (34 °C) and its effect on various biochemical markers in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The median lethal concentration (96-LC50) of Mn alone (111.75 mg L-1) and along with high temperature (110.76 mg L-1), Mn-NPs alone (93.81 mg L-1) and with high temperature (34 °C) (92.39 mg L-1) was determined in P. hypophthalmus. The length and weight of the fish were 6.32 ± 0.23 cm and 7.57 ± 1.35 g. The present investigation used five hundred forty-six fish, including range finding (216 fish) and definitive test (330 fish). The acute definitive doses were applied to assess the effect of oxidative stress, glycolytic biomarkers, protein biomarkers, fish immunity, neurotransmitter, energy level, stress hormone and histopathology. Oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase), stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, cortisol, heat shock protein, and blood glucose), lactate and malate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, a neurotransmitter, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), ATPase, immune system biomarkers (NBT, total protein, albumin, globulin and A:G ratio) were altered with exposure to Mn and Mn-NPs. The histopathology of the liver and gill were also changed due to exposure to Mn and Mn-NPs. The bioaccumulation of Mn in the liver, gill, kidney, brain and muscle tissues, and experimental water at different intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were determined. Based on the present results, it is strongly suggested that Mn and Mn-NPs exposure alone and with high temperature (34 °C) enhanced toxicity and altered biochemical and morphological attributes. This study also suggested that essential elements in both forms (inorganic and nano) at higher concentrations of Mn and Mn-NPs lead to pronounced deleterious alteration in cellular and metabolic activities and histopathology of P. hypophthalmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India.
| | - Supriya Tukaram Thorat
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India
| | - Kotha Sammi Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India
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Pathak D, Sriram K. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Elicited by Occupational Injuries and Toxicants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2272. [PMID: 36768596 PMCID: PMC9917383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational injuries and toxicant exposures lead to the development of neuroinflammation by activating distinct mechanistic signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in the disruption of neuronal function leading to neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The entry of toxicants into the brain causes the subsequent activation of glial cells, a response known as 'reactive gliosis'. Reactive glial cells secrete a wide variety of signaling molecules in response to neuronal perturbations and thus play a crucial role in the progression and regulation of central nervous system (CNS) injury. In parallel, the roles of protein phosphorylation and cell signaling in eliciting neuroinflammation are evolving. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular underpinnings associated with toxicant- or occupational injury-mediated neuroinflammation, gliosis, and neurological outcomes. The activation of signaling molecules has biological significance, including the promotion or inhibition of disease mechanisms. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of synergism or antagonism among intracellular signaling pathways remain elusive. This review highlights the research focusing on the direct interaction between the immune system and the toxicant- or occupational injury-induced gliosis. Specifically, the role of occupational injuries, e.g., trips, slips, and falls resulting in traumatic brain injury, and occupational toxicants, e.g., volatile organic compounds, metals, and nanoparticles/nanomaterials in the development of neuroinflammation and neurological or neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted. Further, this review recapitulates the recent advancement related to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms comprising protein phosphorylation and cell signaling, culminating in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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4
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Balzerano A, Gevi F, Nisi S, Rinalducci S, Lasagni M, Arisi I. Gene Expression Profiling as a New Real-Time Assay in Human Biomonitoring of Waste-to-Energy Plant Workers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03482-2. [PMID: 36394794 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals represents one of the most important risk factors for the health of incinerator workers. Indeed, heavy metals can determine increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, we introduced the use of transcription profiling of detoxifying genes, involved in redox balance and genome integrity, as a highly sensitive assay of heavy metal exposure and subsequent oxidative stress. For this purpose, blood mRNA levels of OGG1, ST13, NQO1 and MT1A genes, as well as urinary concentrations of nine heavy metals and the oxidized base 8-OHdG of 49 subjects (26 controls and 23 employees in the waste-to-energy plant of San Zeno, Arezzo, Italy) were determined. No significant difference between the two populations was observed, thus highlighting, as far as the biomarkers analysed are concerned, the absence of occupational exposure to heavy metals and systemic oxidative stress induction in the workers of the waste-to-energy plant of San Zeno. Correlation analyses underline a close association between heavy metals exposure and changes in expression levels of a number of genes, even at low exposure doses, thus remarking the greater capacity of detection of transcription profiling compared to other biomarkers and the importance of its introduction in future human biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Balzerano
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
| | - Federica Gevi
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Stefano Nisi
- Gran Sasso National Laboratory, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Arisi
- Bioinformatics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) "Rita Levi-Montalcini", Rome, 00161, Italy.
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), CNR, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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5
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Karyakina NA, Shilnikova N, Farhat N, Ramoju S, Cline B, Momoli F, Mattison D, Jensen N, Terrell R, Krewski D. Biomarkers for occupational manganese exposure. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:636-663. [PMID: 36705643 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2128718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term inhalation exposure to manganese (Mn) metal or its inorganic compounds can result in manganism or subclinical neurofunctional deficits. Studies have described affected workers in Mn dioxide mining, Mn-containing ore crushing and milling facilities, manufacturing of dry-cell batteries, Mn steel and alloy production plants, and in welders. The objective of this study was to critically review existing evidence on the reliability of potential biomarkers of Mn exposure, specifically the relationship between inhalation exposure to Mn particulates in different occupational settings and Mn concentrations in blood and other biological fluids and tissues, with a particular focus on whole blood as a potentially useful medium for measuring internal tissue dose. We also examined available evidence on the relationship between Mn levels in blood and adverse clinical and subclinical neurotoxic outcomes. Three bibliographic databases were searched for relevant studies and identified references were screened by two independent reviewers. Of the 6338 unique references identified, 76 articles were retained for data abstraction. Findings indicate that the relationships between Mn in blood and both external Mn exposure indices and neurofunctional impairments are limited and inconsistent. Different sources of exposure to Mn compounds, heterogeneity in the methodological approaches, and inadequate reporting of essential information limited direct comparison of the reported findings. Among the Mn-exposure biomarkers considered in this review - including biomarkers in blood, plasma, serum, erythrocytes, urine, bone, toenails, fingernails, hair, saliva - biomarkers in whole blood may provide to be most useful in Mn biomonitoring and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A Karyakina
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Natalia Shilnikova
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nawal Farhat
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Franco Momoli
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Donald Mattison
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - N Jensen
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R Terrell
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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6
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Mansouri A, Hamidatou Alghem L, Mokhtari OEK, Benamar MEA. Determination of scalp hair selenium concentrations in Algerian psoriatic individuals using k
0
-standardization based on neutron activation analysis method. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Psoriasis is a dermatological disease that affects 2–3% of the Algerian population. Selenium has a positive impact on psoriasis. Selenium plays an important role in protecting free radical damage as a component of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme. The objective of this investigation was to assess the status of selenium in the hair of Algerian patients suffering from psoriasis. Fifty-eight scalp hair samples were collected from Algerian patients with psoriasis, classified by gender and four age groups: 36 females and 22 males, aged between 9 and 79 years. Thirty healthy subjects aged 9–74 years were also surveyed for control purposes. Selenium content was measured for all scalp hair samples using the k
0-standardization of neutron activation analysis. The average selenium concentration for controls and patients were 0.39 ± 0.18 and 0.28 ± 0.13 μg/g respectively. Selenium concentration for female and male controls and patients, were 0.35 ± 0.17, 0.47 ± 0.19, 0.28 ± 0.14, and 0.28 ± 0.11 μg/g, respectively. There is a significant difference (p < 0.05) between selenium level in patients and in controls. Selenium concentrations in psoriatics’ scalp hair can be affected by both gender and age. Measured selenium contents have been approved by the quality assurance and quality control procedure (QA/QC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Mansouri
- Nuclear Research Centre of Algiers, 2 Frantz Fanon Street , Algiers 16000 , Algeria
| | - Lylia Hamidatou Alghem
- Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratory, Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, P.O. Box 180 Ain Oussera , Djelfa 17200 , Algeria
| | | | - Mohammed El-Amine Benamar
- University Centre Amine El-Okkal El-Hadj Moussa Eg Akhamouk, P.O. Box 10034 Sersouf , Tamanghasset 11000 , Algeria
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7
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Duncan BR, Hasegawa M, Marshall DA, Gonzalez-Cuyar LF, Paulsen M, Kobayashi M, Maravilla KR, Simpson CD. Variability in hair gadolinium concentrations among decedents who received gadolinium-based contrast agents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1571-1582. [PMID: 33506336 PMCID: PMC10537202 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study utilized laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to quantify gadolinium in the hair of autopsy cases that had received gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) before death. Consecutive autopsy cases were reviewed for GBCA injections and subjects who received a single type of GBCA in the year before death were included. Hair samples were analyzed using LA-ICP-MS as a line scan technique and parameters were optimized to maximize instrument sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Linear regression analyses between hair measures and gadolinium dose were executed. LA-ICP-MS analysis produced a time-resolved record of GCBA exposure, with the position of the gadolinium peak maxima along the hair shaft providing a good estimate for the day that GBCA injection occurred (R2 = 0.46; p = 0.0022); however, substantial within and between subject variation in the position of the GBCA peak was observed. Average area under the curve for gadolinium peaks in the hair samples was a better predictor of gadolinium dose (R2 = 0.41; p = 0.0046), compared to the average of peak maxima concentration. Correlation between area under the curve and dose suggests that LA-ICP-MS analysis of hair may be an effective method to evaluate gadolinium levels in subjects in vivo after exposure to GBCAs. This study demonstrates that analysis of human hair using techniques with high spatial resolution such as LA-ICP-MS has excellent potential to reveal time-dependent signatures of past exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne R Duncan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Exponent, Inc., Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA.
| | - Makoto Hasegawa
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Radiology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan
| | - Desiree A Marshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Luis F Gonzalez-Cuyar
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael Paulsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Masahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kenneth R Maravilla
- Radiology & Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher D Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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8
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Fernández-Olmo I, Mantecón P, Markiv B, Ruiz-Azcona L, Santibáñez M. A Review on the Environmental Exposure to Airborne Manganese, Biomonitoring, and Neurological/Neuropsychological Outcomes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 254:85-130. [PMID: 32474705 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occupational exposure to airborne manganese (Mn) has been linked for decades with neurological effects. With respect to its environmental exposure, the first reviews on this matter stated that the risk posed to human health by this kind of exposure was still unknown. Later, many studies have been developed to analyze the association between environmental Mn exposure and health effects, most of them including the measure of Mn in selected human biomarkers. This review aims at collecting and organizing the literature dealing with the environmental airborne Mn exposure (other routes of exposure were intentionally removed from this review), the biomonitoring of this metal in different body matrices (e.g., blood, urine, nails, hair), and the association between exposure and several adverse health effects, such as, e.g., neurocognitive, neurodevelopmental, or neurobehavioral outcomes. From the different exposure routes, inhalation was the only one considered in this review, to take into account the areas influenced by industrial activities closely related to the Mn industry (ferromanganese and silicomanganese plants, Mn ore mines, and their processing plants) and by traffic in countries where a fuel additive, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), has been used for years. In these areas, high air Mn levels have been reported in comparison with the annual Reference Concentration (RfC) given by the US EPA for Mn, 50 ng/m3. This review was performed using Scopus and MEDLINE databases with a keyword search strategy that took into account that each valid reference should include at least participants that were exposed to environmental airborne Mn and that were subjected to analysis of Mn in biomarkers or subjected to neurological/neuropsychological tests or both. Overall, 47 references matching these criteria were included in the discussion. Most of them report the measure of Mn in selected biomarkers (N = 43) and the assessment of different neurological outcomes (N = 31). A negative association is usually obtained between Mn levels in hair and some neurological outcomes, such as cognitive, motor, olfactory, and emotional functions, but not always significant. However, other biomarkers, such as blood and urine, do not seem to reflect the chronic environmental exposure to low/moderate levels of airborne Mn. Further studies combining the determination of the Mn exposure through environmental airborne sources and biomarkers of exposure and the evaluation of at least cognitive and motor functions are needed to better understand the effects of chronic non-occupational exposure to airborne Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Paula Mantecón
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Bohdana Markiv
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto. Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto. Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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9
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Levin-Schwartz Y, Claus Henn B, Gennings C, Coull BA, Placidi D, Horton MK, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Wright RO. Integrated measures of lead and manganese exposure improve estimation of their joint effects on cognition in Italian school-age children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106312. [PMID: 33395951 PMCID: PMC7785864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Every day humans are exposed to mixtures of chemicals, such as lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn). An underappreciated aspect of studying the health effects of mixtures is the role that the exposure biomarker media (blood, hair, etc.) may play in estimating the effects of the mixture. Different biomarker media represent different aspects of each chemical's toxicokinetics, thus no single medium can fully capture the toxicokinetic profile for all the chemicals in a mixture. A potential solution to this problem is to combine exposure data across different media to derive integrated estimates of each chemical's internal concentration. This concept, formalized as a multi-media biomarker (MMB) has proven effective for estimating the health impacts of Pb exposure, but may also be useful to estimate mixture effects, such as the joint effects of metals like Pb and Mn, while factoring in how the association changes based upon the biomarker media. Levels of Pb and Mn were quantified in five media: blood, hair, nails, urine, and saliva in the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure (PHIME) project, a study of Italian adolescents aged 10-14 years. MMBs were derived for both metals using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression across the five media. Age-adjusted Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) IQ scores, measured at the same time as the exposure measures, were the primary outcome and models were adjusted for sex and socioeconomic status. The levels Pb and Mn were relatively low, with median blood Pb of 1.27 (IQR: 0.84) μg/dL and median blood Mn of 1.09 (IQR: 0.45) μg/dL. Quartile increases in a Pb-Mn combination predicted decreased Full Scale IQ of 1.9 points (95% CI: 0.3, 3.5) when Pb and Mn exposure levels were estimated using MMBs, while individual regressions for each metal were not associated with Full Scale IQ. Additionally, a quartile increase in the WQS index of Pb and Mn, measured using MMBs, were associated with reductions in Verbal IQ by 2.8 points (1.0, 4.5). Weights that determine the contributions of the metals to the joint effect highlighted that the contribution of the Pb-Mn was 72-28% for Full Scale IQ and 42-58% for Verbal IQ. We found that the joint effects of Pb and Mn are strongly affected by the medium used to measure exposure and that the joint effects of the Pb and Mn MMBs on cognition were the stronger than any individual biomarker. Thus, increase power and accuracy for measuring mixture effects compared to individual biomarkers. As the number of chemicals in mixtures increases, appropriate biomarker selection will become increasingly important and MMBs are a natural way to reduce bias in such analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Levin-Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Bakulski KM, Seo YA, Hickman RC, Brandt D, Vadari HS, Hu H, KyunPark S. Heavy Metals Exposure and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76:1215-1242. [PMID: 32651318 PMCID: PMC7454042 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias lack effective treatment or cures and are major public health challenges. Risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias is partially attributable to environmental factors. The heavy metals lead, cadmium, and manganese are widespread and persistent in our environments. Once persons are exposed to these metals, they are adept at entering cells and reaching the brain. Lead and cadmium are associated with numerous health outcomes even at low levels of exposure. Although manganese is an essential metal, deficiency or environmental exposure or high levels of the metal can be toxic. In cell and animal model systems, lead, cadmium, and manganese are well documented neurotoxicants that contribute to canonical Alzheimer's disease pathologies. Adult human epidemiologic studies have consistently shown lead, cadmium, and manganese are associated with impaired cognitive function and cognitive decline. No longitudinal human epidemiology study has assessed lead or manganese exposure on Alzheimer's disease specifically though two studies have reported a link between cadmium and Alzheimer's disease mortality. More longitudinal epidemiologic studies with high-quality time course exposure data and incident cases of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are warranted to confirm and estimate the proportion of risk attributable to these exposures. Given the widespread and global exposure to lead, cadmium, and manganese, even small increases in the risks of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias would have a major population impact on the burden on disease. This article reviews the experimental and epidemiologic literature of the associations between lead, cadmium, and manganese on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and makes recommendations of critical areas of future investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ruby C. Hickman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harita S. Vadari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sung KyunPark
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Signes-Pastor AJ, Bouchard MF, Baker E, Jackson BP, Karagas MR. Toenail manganese as biomarker of drinking water exposure: a reliability study from a US pregnancy cohort. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:648-654. [PMID: 30563963 PMCID: PMC6581634 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient; however, overexposure can be neurotoxic. Recent evidence suggests that exposure to Mn from drinking water could be neurotoxic; however, research is hampered by the lack of consensus on a reliable biomarker of Mn exposure. Naturally high concentrations of Mn can occur in groundwater, particularly for private, unregulated water systems. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to Mn from drinking water with a relatively low Mn content (median of 2.9 μg/L; range, undetectable-8,340 μg/L) and Mn in toenails from women collected at two time points: during and after pregnancy. Mn concentrations in the paired toenail samples gathered during the second to third trimester of pregnancy and 2 weeks postpartum were correlated (r = 0.47, p < 0.001, n = 596). Among women consuming drinking water Mn in the highest tertile (i.e., > 9.8 μg/L) significant positive correlations were found between water Mn and toenails Mn (r = 0.31 and r = 0.38, for toenail samples collected during pregnancy and postpartum, respectively), whereas little to no correlation was observed at lower water concentrations. Overall, our data suggest that maternal toenail samples are a reliable environmental Mn exposure biomarker and reflect exposure from drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr., 7927 Rubin Bldg., Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Baker
- Dartmouth-Hichcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr., 7927 Rubin Bldg., Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
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12
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Rolle-McFarland D, Liu Y, Mostafaei F, Zauber SE, Zhou Y, Li Y, Fan Q, Zheng W, Nie LH, Wells EM. The association of bone, fingernail and blood manganese with cognitive and olfactory function in Chinese workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:1003-1010. [PMID: 30970467 PMCID: PMC6461352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Occupational manganese (Mn) exposure has been associated with cognitive and olfactory dysfunction; however, few studies have incorporated cumulative biomarkers of Mn exposure such as bone Mn (BnMn). Our goal was to assess the cross-sectional association between BnMn, blood Mn (BMn), and fingernail Mn (FMn) with cognitive and olfactory function among Mn-exposed workers. A transportable in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) system was designed and utilized to assess BnMn among 60 Chinese workers. BMn and FMn were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cognitive and olfactory function was assessed using Animal and Fruit Naming tests, World Health Organization/University of California-Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Additional data were obtained via questionnaire. Regression models adjusted for age, education, factory of employment, and smoking status (UPSIT only), were used to assess the relationship between Mn biomarkers and test scores. In adjusted models, increasing BnMn was significantly associated with decreased performance on average AVLT scores [β (95% confidence interval (CI)) = -0.65 (-1.21, -0.09)] and Animal Naming scores [β (95% CI) = -1.54 (-3.00, -0.07)]. Increasing FMn was significantly associated with reduced performance measured by the average AVLT [β (95% CI) = -0.35 (-0.70, -0.006)] and the difference in AVLT scores [β (95% CI) = -0.40 (-0.77, -0.03)]. BMn was not significantly associated with any test scores; no significant associations were observed with Fruit Naming or UPSIT tests. BnMn and FMn, but not BMn, are associated with cognitive function in Mn-exposed workers. None of the biomarkers were significantly associated with olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelle Rolle-McFarland
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yingzi Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Farshad Mostafaei
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Elizabeth Zauber
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Fan
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Linda H Nie
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ellen M Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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13
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Do JW, Saravanan M, Nam SE, Lim HJ, Rhee JS. Waterborne manganese modulates immunity, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters in the blood of red seabream and black rockfish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:546-555. [PMID: 30890429 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunotoxic effects of manganese (Mn) were investigated in the blood of the economically important marine fish, red seabream (Pagrus major) and black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) when exposed to different concentrations of Mn (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg L-1) for 14 days. During exposure, the levels of alternative complement activity in both fish were significantly lowered at 2 mg L-1 of Mn of exposure. Lysozyme activity was significantly decreased in black rockfish in all concentrations of Mn after 14 days, while in red seabream, the decrease was significant with concentrations of 1 and 2 mg L-1 of Mn after 7 and 14 days of exposure. A significantly low level was observed only in the 2 mg L-1-exposed red seabream on day 14 of exposure. The concentrations of hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, and total serum proteins were significantly decreased in both fish under exposure to 1 and 2 mg L-1 of Mn, while cortisol, alanine transferase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased compared to the levels of control groups. No significant change was found in serum glucose and albumin except in red seabream exposed to 2 mg L-1 of Mn for 14 days. The responses of the antioxidant defense system were significantly induced in both fish after exposure to 1 and 2 mg L-1 of Mn on day 7 and 14 of exposure. Taken together, alterations of these parameters suggest the immunotoxicity of waterborne Mn produced by the modulation of hematological components and the induction of oxidative stress in the blood of these marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Wan Do
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, South Korea
| | - Manoharan Saravanan
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Nam
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lim
- Aquaculture Industry Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Gangneung, 25435, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea; Institute of Green Environmental Research Center, 169 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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14
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Ou SY, Luo HL, Mailman RB, Li ZC, Zhang YW, Cai M, Huang XW, Li SJ, Jiang YM. Effect of manganese on neural endocrine hormones in serum of welders and smelters. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:1-7. [PMID: 30262264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although manganese (Mn)-induced neurotoxicity effects are well known among occupational Mn exposure, few reports have investigated the effects on endocrine systems among welders and smelters. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of high level occupational manganese (Mn) exposure on neuropsychological parameters and hormonal status. METHODS We used a cross-sectional design with 52 welders, 48 smelters and 43 age-matched office workers from the same factory in China. We analyzed serum endocrine hormones level and airborne Mn concentrations. Erythrocyte and urine Mn levels were quantified using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. RESULTS The geometric mean of air Mn concentrations for the welders and smelters were 19.7 and 273.1 μg/m3, respectively. Mn concentrations in erythrocytes of smelters were markedly greater than those in controls and welders, but there was no difference between the erythrocytes Mn levels of Control and welders. We also found an increase of Mn levels in the urine of both welders and smelters vs. controls; Mn levels in urine of smelters were higher than in welders. Self-reported neurobehavioral symptoms were higher in welders and smelters than in controls. Finally, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of welders were significantly lower than in controls, whereas smelters had lower prolactin (PRL), testosterone (TST) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations than either controls or welders. CONCLUSIONS These results show that smelters have higher Mn exposure than do welders, and that Mn levels in erythrocytes or urine can be a marker for exposure. Moreover, high level occupational Mn exposure increases adverse neurobehavioral effects, and also may disrupt endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yan Ou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hai-Lan Luo
- Department of Health Toxicology and Functional Testing, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.
| | - Zhao-Cong Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Mei Cai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shao-Jun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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15
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Ward EJ, Edmondson DA, Nour MM, Snyder S, Rosenthal FS, Dydak U. Toenail Manganese: A Sensitive and Specific Biomarker of Exposure to Manganese in Career Welders. Ann Work Expo Health 2018; 62:101-111. [PMID: 29186301 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal. It is also a component of welding fume. Chronic inhalation of manganese from welding fume has been associated with decreased neurological function. Currently, there is not a universally recognized biomarker for Mn exposure; however, hair and toenails have shown promise. In a cohort of 45 male welders and 35 age-matched factory control subjects, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of toenail Mn to distinguish occupationally exposed subjects from unexposed controls. Further we examined the exposure time window that best correlates with the proposed biomarker, and investigated if non-occupational exposure factors impacted toenail Mn concentrations. Toenail clippings were analyzed for Mn using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Exposure to respirable Mn-containing particles (<4 µm) was estimated using an exposure model that combines personal air monitoring, work history information, and dietary intake to estimate an individual's exposure to Mn from inhalation of welding fume. We assessed the group differences in toenail concentrations using a Student's t-test between welders and control subjects and performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify a threshold in toenail concentration that has the highest sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing welders from control subjects. Additionally, we performed mixed-model regressions to investigate the association between different exposure windows and toenail Mn concentrations. We observed that toenail Mn concentrations were significantly elevated among welders compared to control subjects (6.87 ± 2.56 versus 2.70 ± 1.70 µg g-1; P < 0.001). Our results show that using a toenail Mn concentration of 4.14 µg g-1 as cutoff allows for discriminating between controls and welders with 91% specificity and 94% sensitivity [area under curve (AUC) = 0.98]. Additionally, we found that a threshold of 4.66 µg g-1 toenail Mn concentration enables a 90% sensitive and 90% specific discrimination (AUC = 0.96) between subjects with average exposure above or below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 0.02 mg m-3 during the exposure window of 7-12 months prior to the nail being clipped. Investigating which exposure window was best reflected by toenail Mn reproduced the result from another study of toenail Mn being significantly (P < 0.001) associated with exposure 7-12 months prior to the nail being clipped. Lastly, we found that dietary intake, body mass index, age, smoking status, and ethnicity had no significant effect on toenail Mn concentrations. Our results suggest that toenail Mn is a sensitive, specific, and easy-to-acquire biomarker of Mn exposure, which is feasible to be used in an industrial welder population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Ward
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, USA
| | - David A Edmondson
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Sandy Snyder
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, USA
| | | | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
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16
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Bornhorst J, Kipp AP, Haase H, Meyer S, Schwerdtle T. The crux of inept biomarkers for risks and benefits of trace elements. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Development of a Cumulative Exposure Index (CEI) for Manganese and Comparison with Bone Manganese and Other Biomarkers of Manganese Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071341. [PMID: 29949870 PMCID: PMC6068959 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure can result in parkinsonism. However, understanding of manganese neurotoxicity has been limited by the lack of a cumulative Mn biomarker. Therefore, the current goal was to develop Mn cumulative exposure indices (MnCEI), an established method to estimate cumulative exposure, and determine associations of MnCEI with blood Mn (BMn), fingernail Mn (FMn), and bone Mn (BnMn). We completed a cross-sectional study of 60 male Chinese workers. Self-reported occupational history was used to create two MnCEIs reflecting the previous 16 years (MnCEI16) and total work history (MnCEITOT). An in vivo neutron activation analysis system was used to quantify BnMn. BMn and FMn were measured using ICP-MS. Mean (standard deviation) MnCEITOT and MnCEI16 were 37.5 (22.0) and 25.0 (11.3), respectively. Median (interquartile range) BMn, FMn, and BnMn were 14.1 (4.0) μg/L, 13.5 (58.5) μg/g, and 2.6 (7.2) μg/g dry bone, respectively. MnCEI16 was significantly correlated with FMn (Spearman’s ρ = 0.44; p = 0.02), BnMn (ρ = 0.44; p < 0.01), and MnCEITOT (ρ = 0.44; p < 0.01). In adjusted regression models, MnCEI16 was significantly associated with BnMn (β = 0.03; 95% confidence interval = 0.001, 0.05); no other biomarkers were associated with MnCEI. This suggests BnMn may be a useful biomarker of the previous 16 years of Mn exposure, but larger studies are recommended.
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18
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Aliko V, Qirjo M, Sula E, Morina V, Faggio C. Antioxidant defense system, immune response and erythron profile modulation in gold fish, Carassius auratus, after acute manganese treatment. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 76:101-109. [PMID: 29481848 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The manganese contamination has become a global problem, recently, because it is perceived as a real threat to the human health and the environment. It is well-known that overexposure to Mn2+ may have negative physiological effects on fish and other organisms inhabiting heavy metal polluted waters. To the best of our knowledge, studies relating with manganese effects on fish antioxidant enzyme response in the blood, immunocompetence and erythron profile alteration, are scarce. In this study, the acute sub-lethal effects of manganese on blood antioxidant response, immune status and erythron profile were determined by exposing the freshwater model organism, Carassius auratus, to two doses of this metal (3.88 ± 0.193 mg/L and 7.52 ± 0.234 mg/L Mn2+) for 96 h. Significant increases in blood antioxidant enzyme activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), were observed in fish exposed to manganese. Furthermore, plasmatic glucose and cortisol levels increased, while total protein decreased significantly. White blood cell differential count revealed a significant increase in monocyte and neutrophil number and a significant decrease of lymphocyte's number in fish exposed to manganese compared with those of control group. That can be considered as a clear evidence of altered immune system. Measured of erythron profile revealed a significant increasing of cellular and nuclear alteration of red blood cells, with karryorhectic, dividing and micronucleated erythrocytes in exposed fish, indicating the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects Mn2+ ions. Our data shown also that manganese could trigger antioxidant response, modulate immune response and induce erythron profile modification leading to eryptosis, compromising the blood oxygen carrying capacity, and overall health status in fish. This may suggest those parameters consider as useful biomarkers for monitoring effects of sub-lethal metal exposure on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valbona Aliko
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Mihallaq Qirjo
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania
| | - Eldores Sula
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania
| | - Valon Morina
- Prishtina University, Faculty of Geosciences and Technology, Mitrovica, Kosovo
| | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences - University of Messina, Italy
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19
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Liu Y, Rolle-McFarland D, Mostafaei F, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zheng W, Wells E, Nie LH. In vivo neutron activation analysis of bone manganese in workers. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:035003. [PMID: 29328060 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aaa749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Manganese (Mn) is a neurotoxin. However, the impact of elevated, chronic Mn exposure is not well understood, partially due to the lack of a cumulative exposure biomarker. To address this gap, our group developed a compact in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) system to quantify Mn concentration in bone (MnBn). APPROACH In this study, we used this system and determined MnBn among male Chinese workers and compared results to their blood Mn (MnB), a measure of recent exposure, and the years of employment, a measure of cumulative exposure. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 ferroalloy smelters (exposed) and 30 general manufacturing workers (controls). MnBn was assessed using IVNAA, MnB was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and occupational history and demographics were obtained via questionnaire. Mn-doped phantoms were used to generate a calibration curve; spectra from these phantoms were consistent with in vivo spectra. MAIN RESULTS The median (interquartile range (IQR)) values for Mn biomarkers were 2.7 µg g-1 (7.2) for MnBn and 14.1 µg l-1 (4.0) for MnB. In regression models adjusted for age and education, the natural log transformed MnBn (ln(MnBn)) was significantly associated with the exposed/control status (β = 0.44, p = 0.047) and years of employment (β = 0.05, p = 0.002), but not with natural log transformed MnB (ln(MnB)) (β = 0.54, p = 0.188). SIGNIFICANCE Our results support the use of IVNAA to quantify MnBn and the use of MnBn as a biomarker of cumulative Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States of America. Willis-Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA 71105, United States of America
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20
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SLC39A14 deficiency alters manganese homeostasis and excretion resulting in brain manganese accumulation and motor deficits in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1769-E1778. [PMID: 29437953 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720739115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 39, member 14 (SLC39A14) is a transmembrane transporter that can mediate the cellular uptake of zinc, iron, and manganese (Mn). Studies of Slc39a14 knockout (Slc39a14-/-) mice have documented that SLC39A14 is required for systemic growth, hepatic zinc uptake during inflammation, and iron loading of the liver in iron overload. The normal physiological roles of SLC39A14, however, remain incompletely characterized. Here, we report that Slc39a14-/- mice spontaneously display dramatic alterations in tissue Mn concentrations, suggesting that Mn is a main physiological substrate for SLC39A14. Specifically, Slc39a14-/- mice have abnormally low Mn levels in the liver coupled with markedly elevated Mn concentrations in blood and most other organs, especially the brain and bone. Radiotracer studies using 54Mn reveal that Slc39a14-/- mice have impaired Mn uptake by the liver and pancreas and reduced gastrointestinal Mn excretion. In the brain of Slc39a14-/- mice, Mn accumulated in the pons and basal ganglia, including the globus pallidus, a region susceptible to Mn-related neurotoxicity. Brain Mn accumulation in Slc39a14-/- mice was associated with locomotor impairments, as assessed by various behavioral tests. Although a low-Mn diet started at weaning was able to reverse brain Mn accumulation in Slc39a14-/- mice, it did not correct their motor deficits. We conclude that SLC39A14 is essential for efficient Mn uptake by the liver and pancreas, and its deficiency results in impaired Mn excretion and accumulation of the metal in other tissues. The inability of Mn depletion to correct the motor deficits in Slc39a14-/- mice suggests that the motor impairments represent lasting effects of early-life Mn exposure.
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21
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Cortez-Lugo M, Riojas-Rodríguez H, Moreno-Macías H, Montes S, Rodríguez-Agudelo Y, Hernández-Bonilla D, Catalán-Vázquez M, Díaz-Godoy R, Rodríguez-Dozal S. Evaluation of the effect of an environmental management program on exposure to manganese in a mining zone in Mexico. Neurotoxicology 2018; 64:142-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Briki M, Zhu Y, Gao Y, Shao M, Ding H, Ji H. Distribution and health risk assessment to heavy metals near smelting and mining areas of Hezhang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:458. [PMID: 28823066 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mining and smelting areas in Hezhang have generated a large amount of heavy metals into the environment. For that cause, an evaluative study on human exposure to heavy metals including Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Bi, Be, and Hg in hair and urine was conducted for their concentrations and correlations. Daily exposure and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk were estimated. Sixty-eight scalp hair and 66 urine samples were taken from participants of different ages (6-17, 18-40, 41-60, and ≥ 65 years) living in the vicinity of an agricultural soil near mine and smelting areas. The results compared to the earlier studies showed an elevated concentration of Pb, Be, Bi, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, and Zn in hair and urine. These heavy metals were more elevated in mining than in smelting. Considering gender differences, females were likely to be more affected than male. By investigating age differences in this area, high heavy metal concentrations in male's hair and urine existed in age of 18-40 and ≥ 66, respectively. However, females did not present homogeneous age distribution. Hair and urine showed a different distribution of heavy metals in different age and gender. In some cases, significant correlation was found between heavy metals in hair and urine (P > 0.05 and P > 0.01) in mining area. The estimated average daily intake of heavy metals in vegetables showed a great contribution compared to the soil and water. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values of total pathways in mining and smelting areas were higher than 1 and exceeded the acceptable levels. Thus, the obtained data might be useful for further studies. They can serve as a basis of comparison and assessing the effect of simultaneous exposure from heavy metals in mining and smelting areas, and potential health risks from exposure to heavy metals in vegetables need more consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Briki
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No. 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No. 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Shao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huaijian Ding
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No. 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No. 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Junaid M, Hashmi MZ, Tang YM, Malik RN, Pei DS. Potential health risk of heavy metals in the leather manufacturing industries in Sialkot, Pakistan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8848. [PMID: 28821790 PMCID: PMC5562736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a systematical report on the potential health risk of heavy metals from the leather industries in Pakistan based on multiple biological matrices of the exposed workers and indoor dust samples. The adverse impacts of heavy metals on the oxidative enzyme and their risks to workers' health were also explored. Our results indicated that the level of Cr in indoor industrial dust was more than twice, compared to the background household dust. Blood, urine and hair samples of exposed workers showed significantly high concentrations of heavy metals, compared to those in the control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in the blood samples expressed significant positive correlation with Cr and Ni. Total hazard quotients (HQs)/hazard index (HI) were >1, and Cr (VI) exhibited higher cancer risks than that of Cd in the exposed workers. In addition, the PCA-MLR analysis confirmed that the industrial sections; cutting, shivering/crusting, and stitching were the principal contributors of heavy metals in the biological entities of the workers. Taken together, our results highlighted the occupationally exposed groups would likely to experience the potential health risks due to excessive exposure to the heavy metals from the leather industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.,Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Yu-Mei Tang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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24
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Kumasaka MY, Yajima I, Ohgami N, Ninomiya H, Iida M, Li X, Oshino R, Tanihata H, Yoshinaga M, Kato M. Manganese-Mediated Decrease in Levels of c-RET and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression In Vitro. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:661-670. [PMID: 28730349 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that overexposure to manganese causes parkinsonism, a disorder of dopaminergic neurons. Previous studies also showed that activity of c-RET kinase controls dopamine production through regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, suggesting the involvement of c-RET in the development of parkinsonism. To our knowledge, however, there is no report showing a correlation between manganese-mediated parkinsonism and c-RET. In this study, we examined the effect of manganese on the expression and/or activation levels of c-RET and TH in human TH-expressing cells (TGW cells). We first found that treatment with 30 and 100 μM manganese resulted in reduction of c-RET transcript level and degradation of c-RET protein through promotion of ubiquitination. We then examined the biological significance of manganese-mediated decrease of c-RET protein expression. Decreased TH expression with decreased c-RET kinase activity was observed in c-RET protein-depleted TGW cells by treatment with manganese (30 μM) as well as by c-RET siRNA transfection. Since TH protein has been shown to be involved in the dopamine-producing pathway in previous studies, our results indicate the possibility that manganese-mediated reduction of TH expression and phosphorylation via decreased expression of c-RET protein in neural cells is involved in parkinsonism induced by manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Y Kumasaka
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yajima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Ohgami
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ninomiya
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Machiko Iida
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Reina Oshino
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanihata
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan. .,Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan. .,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
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25
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Bouchard MF, Surette C, Cormier P, Foucher D. Low level exposure to manganese from drinking water and cognition in school-age children. Neurotoxicology 2017; 64:110-117. [PMID: 28716743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is an element found in the environment and certain geographic areas have elevated concentrations in soil and water du to natural conditions or anthropic activities. A growing body of data suggests that exposure to manganese in drinking water could be neurotoxic. OBJECTIVE Firstly, we aimed to examine the association between exposure to manganese from drinking water and cognition in children consuming well water. Secondly, we also aimed to examine the relation between cognition and manganese concentrations in children's hair, nail, and saliva. METHODS A total 259 children from 189 households consuming well water were included in the present study (ages 5.9 to 13.7 years). We assessed children's cognition with the WISC-IV, and we used five indicators of manganese exposure: concentration in tap water, intake from the consumption of water divided by child's weight, manganese concentration in children's hair, toe nail, and saliva. We used General Estimating Equation analysis to assess the relation between manganese exposure indicators and IQ scores, adjusting for potential confounders, and taking into account family clusters. RESULTS Drinking water manganese concentrations were generally low, with 48% of children consuming water <5μg/L, 25% >50μg/L, and 4% >400μg/L. Results differed by sex. In girls, higher manganese concentration in water, hair, and toe nail were associated with poorer Performance IQ scores but this was significant only for toe nail (for a 10-fold increase in manganese, β: -5.65, 95% CIs: -10.97, -0.32). Opposite associations were observed in boys, i.e., better Performance IQ scores with higher manganese concentration hair, toe nail, and water, the latter being significant (β: 2.66, 95% CIs: 0.44, 4.89). Verbal IQ scores did not seem to be associated with manganese exposure indicators. CONCLUSIONS Drinking water manganese levels were considerably lower than in previous studies reporting neurotoxic effects. There was no clear indication of an association between exposure to manganese and cognitive development in this sample of school-age children although the data suggest there might be sex-specific associations. Given the low levels of exposure and sex-specific associations, a larger sample size would have been required to increase the statistical power and better characterize the relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse F Bouchard
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1C4, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montreal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Céline Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, PavillonRémi-Rossignol, 18, Avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Pierre Cormier
- École de psychologie, Université de Moncton, Pavillon Léopold-Taillon, 18, Avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Delphine Foucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, PavillonRémi-Rossignol, 18, Avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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26
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Zhang J, Cavallari JM, Fang SC, Weisskopf MG, Lin X, Mittleman MA, Christiani DC. Application of linear mixed-effects model with LASSO to identify metal components associated with cardiac autonomic responses among welders: a repeated measures study. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:810-815. [PMID: 28663305 PMCID: PMC5740538 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Environmental and occupational exposure to metals is ubiquitous worldwide, and understanding the hazardous metal components in this complex mixture is essential for environmental and occupational regulations. Objective To identify hazardous components from metal mixtures that are associated with alterations in cardiac autonomic responses. Methods Urinary concentrations of 16 types of metals were examined and ‘acceleration capacity’ (AC) and ‘deceleration capacity’ (DC), indicators of cardiac autonomic effects, were quantified from ECG recordings among 54 welders. We fitted linear mixed-effects models with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to identify metal components that are associated with AC and DC. The Bayesian Information Criterion was used as the criterion for model selection procedures. Results Mercury and chromium were selected for DC analysis, whereas mercury, chromium and manganese were selected for AC analysis through the LASSO approach. When we fitted the linear mixed-effects models with ‘selected’ metal components only, the effect of mercury remained significant. Every 1 µg/L increase in urinary mercury was associated with −0.58 ms (−1.03, –0.13) changes in DC and 0.67 ms (0.25, 1.10) changes in AC. Conclusion Our study suggests that exposure to several metals is associated with impaired cardiac autonomic functions. Our findings should be replicated in future studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cavallari
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Shona C Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, New England Research Institute, Watertown, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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27
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Abstract
Although an essential nutrient, manganese (Mn) can be toxic at high doses. There is, however, uncertainty regarding the effects of chronic low-level Mn-exposure. This review provides an overview of Mn-related brain and functional changes based on studies of a cohort of asymptomatic welders who had lower Mn-exposure than in most previous work. In welders with low-level Mn-exposure, we found: 1) Mn may accumulate in the brain in a non-linear fashion: MRI R1 (1/T1) signals significantly increased only after a critical level of exposure was reached (e.g., ≥300 welding hours in the past 90days prior to MRI). Moreover, R1 may be a more sensitive marker to capture short-term dynamic changes in Mn accumulation than the pallidal index [T1-weighted intensity ratio of the globus pallidus vs. frontal white matter], a traditional marker for Mn accumulation; 2) Chronic Mn-exposure may lead to microstructural changes as indicated by lower diffusion tensor fractional anisotropy values in the basal ganglia (BG), especially when welding years exceeded more than 30 years; 3) Mn-related subtle motor dysfunctions can be captured sensitively by synergy metrics (indices for movement stability), whereas traditional fine motor tasks failed to detect any significant differences; and 4) Iron (Fe) also may play a role in welding-related neurotoxicity, especially at low-level Mn-exposure, evidenced by higher R2* values (an estimate for brain Fe accumulation) in the BG. Moreover, higher R2* values were associated with lower phonemic fluency performance. These findings may guide future studies and the development of occupation- and public health-related polices involving Mn-exposure.
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28
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Wang Y, Wang R, Fan L, Chen T, Bai Y, Yu Q, Liu Y. Assessment of multiple exposure to chemical elements and health risks among residents near Huodehong lead-zinc mining area in Yunnan, Southwest China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:613-627. [PMID: 28199938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The contents of chemical elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) in 11 kinds of crop/vegetables and soils around the Huodehong lead-zinc mining area in Yunnan, Southwest China were determined by using inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results showed that element contents in soils decreased in the order of Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd. The high geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo) showed that cultivated soils near mine were practically polluted by Cd, Pb and Zn. The contents of Cd, Cr and Pb in crop/vegetables samples were significantly higher than the maximum permissible standard set by China. The potential health risk assessments among local residents were evaluated by the hazard index (HI), the total carcinogenic risk (TCR), the target hazard quotient (THQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR), respectively. The results showed that diet was the dominant exposure pathway. The results of HI for adult and child were 6.21 and 6.08, respectively. TCR values of Cr and Cd were more than 10-4. The THQ decreased in the following order: Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr. Among all kinds of crop/vegetables, leafy-vegetables were the major source of Cd and Pb exposure, root-vegetable were the important factors for Cu and Zn exposure, but tuber-vegetable were the factors for Cr exposure. The contents of Cd and Pb in human scalp hairs near Huodehong mine were higher than that in S20km area. Females possessed a higher risk for Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb exposure than males in study area. Significant differences between ages were found for Cd, Cu and Pb (p < 0.01). This study provided a powerful basis for the coordination of local environmental protection and economic sustainable development and assessing chemical elements risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirun Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruming Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liyun Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yahong Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qianru Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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29
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Sárközi K, Papp A, Horváth E, Máté Z, Hermesz E, Kozma G, Zomborszki ZP, Kálomista I, Galbács G, Szabó A. Protective effect of green tea against neuro-functional alterations in rats treated with MnO 2 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1717-1724. [PMID: 27435261 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of manganese-containing metal fumes at workplaces can cause central nervous damage including a Parkinson-like syndrome. Oxidative stress is likely to be involved in the pathomechanism, due to the presence of nano-sized metal oxide particles with high biological and chemical activity. Oxidative damage of the nervous system could be prevented or ameliorated by properly applied antioxidants, preferably natural ones such as green tea, a popular drink. The aim of this work was to see if orally applied green tea brew could diminish the functional neurotoxicity of manganese dioxide nanoparticles introduced into the airways of rats. RESULTS Young adult male Wistar rats were treated intratracheally for 6 weeks with a suspension of synthetic MnO2 nanoparticles (4 mg/kg body weight), and received green tea brew (1 g leaves 200 mL-1 water) as drinking fluid. Reduced body weight gain, indicating general toxicity of the nanoparticles, was not influenced by green tea. However, in rats receiving green tea the nervous system effects - changes in the spontaneous and evoked cortical activity and peripheral nerve action potential - were diminished. CONCLUSION The use of green tea as a neuroprotective functional drink seems to be a viable approach. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Sárközi
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Papp
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Horváth
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Máté
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Hermesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kozma
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Ildikó Kálomista
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Department of Public Health, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
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30
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Bakri SFZ, Hariri A, Ma’arop NF, Hussin NSAW. Toenail as Non-invasive Biomarker in Metal Toxicity Measurement of Welding Fumes Exposure - A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/165/1/012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Jones DR, Jarrett JM, Tevis DS, Franklin M, Mullinix NJ, Wallon KL, Derrick Quarles C, Caldwell KL, Jones RL. Analysis of whole human blood for Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, and Mn by ICP-DRC-MS for biomonitoring and acute exposures. Talanta 2017; 162:114-122. [PMID: 27837806 PMCID: PMC5123815 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We improved our inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) whole blood method [1] for determination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) by including manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se), and expanding the calibration range of all analytes. The method is validated on a PerkinElmer (PE) ELAN® DRC II ICP-MS (ICP-DRC-MS) and uses the Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC) technology to attenuate interfering background ion signals via ion-molecule reactions. Methane gas (CH4) eliminates background signal from 40Ar2+ to permit determination of 80Se+, and oxygen gas (O2) eliminates several polyatomic interferences (e.g. 40Ar15N+, 54Fe1H+) on 55Mn+. Hg sensitivity in DRC mode is a factor of two higher than vented mode when measured under the same DRC conditions as Mn due to collisional focusing of the ion beam. To compensate for the expanded method's longer analysis time (due to DRC mode pause delays), we implemented an SC4-FAST autosampler (ESI Scientific, Omaha, NE), which vacuum loads the sample onto a loop, to keep the sample-to-sample measurement time to less than 5min, allowing for preparation and analysis of 60 samples in an 8-h work shift. The longer analysis time also resulted in faster breakdown of the hydrocarbon oil in the interface roughing pump. The replacement of the standard roughing pump with a pump using a fluorinated lubricant, Fomblin®, extended the time between pump maintenance. We optimized the diluent and rinse solution components to reduce carryover from high concentration samples and prevent the formation of precipitates. We performed a robust calculation to determine the following limits of detection (LOD) in whole blood: 0.07µgdL-1 for Pb, 0.10µgL-1 for Cd, 0.28μgL-1 for Hg, 0.99µgL-1 for Mn, and 24.5µgL-1 for Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna R Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Jeffery M Jarrett
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Denise S Tevis
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Melanie Franklin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Rd, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Neva J Mullinix
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Kristen L Wallon
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - C Derrick Quarles
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Kathleen L Caldwell
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Robert L Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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32
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Domingues VF, Nasuti C, Piangerelli M, Correia-Sá L, Ghezzo A, Marini M, Abruzzo PM, Visconti P, Giustozzi M, Rossi G, Gabbianelli R. Pyrethroid Pesticide Metabolite in Urine and Microelements in Hair of Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:388. [PMID: 27482573 PMCID: PMC4847050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The number of children affected by Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is dramatically increasing as well as the studies aimed at understanding the risk factors associated with the development of ASD. Since the etiology of ASD is partly genetic and partly environmental, factors (i.e., heavy metals, pesticides) as well as lifestyle seem to have a key role in the development of the disease. ASD and Control (CTR) children, aged 5–12 years, were compared. Gas chromatography coupled with trap mass detector was used to measure the level of 3-PBA, the main pyrethroid metabolite in urine in a group of ASD patients, while optical emission spectrometry analysis was employed to estimate the level of metals and microelements in hair in a different group of ASD children. The presence of 3-PBA in urine seems to be independent of age in ASD children, while a positive correlation between 3-PBA and age was observed in the control group of the same age range. Urine concentration of 3-BPA in ASD children had higher values than in the control group, which were marginally significant (p = 0.054). Mg results were significantly decreased in ASD with respect to controls, while V, S, Zn, and Ca/Mg were marginally increased, without reaching statistical significance. Results of Principal Component (PC) analysis of metals and microelements in hair were not associated with either age or health status. In conclusion, 3-PBA in urine and Mg in hair were changed in ASD children relative to control ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.F.D.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Cinzia Nasuti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Marco Piangerelli
- Computer Science Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Luísa Correia-Sá
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.F.D.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- DIMES, School of Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, 20162 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Marina Marini
- DIMES, School of Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, 20162 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Provvidenza M. Abruzzo
- DIMES, School of Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, 20162 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Paola Visconti
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Gerardo Rossi
- Laboratorio NovEra srl, 62012 Civitanova Marche, Italy; (M.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-737-403208
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Hair Microelement Profile as a Prognostic Tool in Parkinson's Disease. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040027. [PMID: 29051430 PMCID: PMC5606652 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the homeostasis of metals and microelements have been demonstrated in Parkinson’s disease, whose etiology includes both a genetic and environmental basis. We studied the difference of microelements in the hair of Parkinson’s disease subjects (n = 46) compared with healthy controls (n = 24). Hair was chosen as a representative matrix to measure microelements, since it is a vehicle of substance excretion from the human body and it allows for long-term evaluation of metal exposure. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of hair collected from 24 Parkinson’s patients compared with their healthy relatives used as controls shows a significant decrease in Ca (U = 166, p = 0.012),), Mg (U = 187, p = 0.037), and Sr (U = 183, p = 0.030). Cd and Ca/Mg were decreased, and Cu was increased, in patients with respect to their healthy related controls at the limit of significance (p = 0.0501). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of these microelements in hair shows a clustering into two groups according to gender, disease severity according to the Hoehn–Yahr scale, and pharmacological therapy. This pilot study represents a starting point for future investigations where a larger group of subjects will be involved to define other microelements useful when screening for early biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease.
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Junaid M, Hashmi MZ, Malik RN, Pei DS. Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by chromium in workers exposed from different occupational settings around the globe: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20151-20167. [PMID: 27562808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present review focused on the levels and toxicological status of heavy metals especially chromium (Cr) in the exposed workers from different occupational settings around the globe and in Pakistan. It was found that exposed workers from leather tanning and metal plating units showed elevated levels of Cr than the workers from other occupational settings. Cr and other heavy metals level in biological matrices of the exposed workers in different occupational settings revealed that developing countries are severely contaminated. Occupational settings from the Sialkot district, Pakistan exhibited elevated level of Cr in biological entities of the exposed workers. Review suggested that higher level of Cr exposure to the workers enhance the oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl (OH) radical generation) which may cause; cellular and molecular damage such as genotoxicity and chromosomal aberration formations, and carcinogenic effects. This review will help to understand the Cr contamination mechanisms and associated health implications in different occupational settings around the globe in general and particularly to Pakistan. This study will also assist occupational health and safety management authorities to devise or change the Cr recommended exposure limits (REL) for different occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Lab, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Lab, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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Identification of exposure to toxic metals by means of segmental hair analysis: a case report of alleged chromium intoxication. Forensic Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-016-0340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Effect of manganese and manganese plus noise on auditory function and cochlear structures. Neurotoxicology 2016; 55:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Liang G, Zhang L, Ma S, Lv Y, Qin H, Huang X, Qing L, Li Q, Chen K, Xiong F, Ma Y, Nong J, Yang X, Zou Y. Manganese accumulation in hair and teeth as a biomarker of manganese exposure and neurotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12265-12271. [PMID: 26976011 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element to humans. However, excessive Mn causes cognitive impairment resulting from injury to the central nervous system within the hippocampus. No ideal biomarker is currently available for evaluating Mn exposure and associated neurotoxicity in the body. Hence, this study used Mn levels in the serum (MnS), teeth (MnT), and hair (MnH) as biomarkers for evaluating the association between Mn exposure and cognitive impairment in Mn-treated rats. A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, received 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/(kg day) of MnCl2·4H2O for 5 days a week for 18 weeks, respectively. Lifetime Mn cumulative dose (LMCD) was used to evaluate external Mn exposure. Hippocampus, serum, teeth, and hair specimens were collected from the rats for Mn determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Learning and memory functions were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Results showed that chronic Mn exposure increased the hippocampus (MnHip), MnS, MnT, and MnH levels, as well as impaired learning and memory function in rats. MnHip, MnT, and MnH levels were positively correlated with LMCD (r = 0.759, r = 0.925, and r = 0.908, respectively; p < 0.05), escape latency (r = 0.862, r = 0.716, and r = 0.814, respectively; p < 0.05), and the number of platform crossings (r = -0.734, r = -0.514, and r = -0.566, respectively; p < 0.05). No association was observed between MnS levels and the number of platform crossings (r = -0.286, p > 0.05). Thus, MnT and MnH detected long-term low-dose Mn exposure. These parameters can be reliable biomarkers for Mn exposure and associated neurotoxicity in Mn-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiang Liang
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Radiation Hygiene Protection, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Ma
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Lv
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Qin
- Institute for Radiation Hygiene Protection, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qing
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangcheng Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Nong
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Nasuti C, Ferraro S, Giovannetti R, Piangerelli M, Gabbianelli R. Metal and Microelement Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Early Life Permethrin-Treated Rats. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4010003. [PMID: 29051409 PMCID: PMC5606634 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hair is a non-invasive biological material useful in the biomonitoring of trace elements because it is a vehicle for substance excretion from the body, and it permits evaluating long-term metal exposure. Here, hair from an animal model of neurodegeneration, induced by early life permethrin treatment from the sixth to 21th day of life, has been analyzed with the aim to assess if metal and microelement content could be used as biomarkers. A hair trace element assay was performed by the ICP-MS technique in six- and 12-month-old rats. A significant increase of As, Mg, S and Zn was measured in the permethrin-treated group at 12 months compared to six months, while Si and Cu/Zn were decreased. K, Cu/Zn and S were increased in the treated group compared to age-matched controls at six and 12 months, respectively. Cr significantly decreased in the treated group at 12 months. PCA analysis showed both a best difference between treated and age-matched control groups at six months. The present findings support the evidence that the Cu/Zn ratio and K, measured at six months, are the best biomarkers for neurodegeneration. This study supports the use of hair analysis to identify biomarkers of neurodegeneration induced by early life permethrin pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Nasuti
- Unit of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ferraro
- Unit of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Rita Giovannetti
- Unit of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Marco Piangerelli
- Computer Science Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via del Bastione 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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HASSANI H, GOLBABAEI F, SHIRKHANLOO H, TEHRANI-DOUST M. Relations of biomarkers of manganese exposure and neuropsychological effects among welders and ferroalloy smelters. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2016; 54:79-86. [PMID: 26423330 PMCID: PMC4791297 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present study was to assess relationship between biomarkers of Manganese (Mn) and neuropsychological effects. The study was carried out on 27 welders and 31 ferroalloy smelters as Mn-exposed groups and 30 office workers as unexposed controls. Air Mn concentrations were determined according to NIOSH method 7300. The biological samples were prepared using microwave assisted acid digestion and all samples were analyzed by graphite furnace- atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) in order to determine manganese. Questionnaire 16 (Q16) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were used to evaluate the neuropsychological effects. The mean concentrations of air Mn for the welder and ferroalloy smelter groups were 0.023 ± 0.012 mg/m(3) and 0.008 ± 0.005 mg/m(3), respectively. Manganese concentrations in blood, urine, and toenail samples of exposed workers ranged between 1.80-32.60 (µg/l), 1.00-42.50 (µg/l), and 0.10-6.08 (µg/g), respectively. Mean Mn concentrations in all biological samples of cases were significantly higher than unexposed controls (p<0.05). A moderate relationship was observed between biomarkers of Mn exposure, air Mn, Q16 as well as some neurocognitive outcome measures. The present study shows that blood Mn, urine Mn and toenail Mn could be used to distinguish Mn-exposed workers from unexposed population at the group level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid HASSANI
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of
Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Iranian Petroleum Industry Occupational and Environmental
Health Research Center (IPIOEHRC), Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute
(IPIHRI), Iran
| | - Farideh GOLBABAEI
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of
Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Hamid SHIRKHANLOO
- Iranian Petroleum Industry Occupational and Environmental
Health Research Center (IPIOEHRC), Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute
(IPIHRI), Iran
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Iran
| | - Mehdi TEHRANI-DOUST
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Baker MG, Stover B, Simpson CD, Sheppard L, Seixas NS. Using exposure windows to explore an elusive biomarker: blood manganese. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 89:679-87. [PMID: 26589320 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to understand the time course between exposure to manganese (Mn) and uptake into the blood, to allow a more meaningful interpretation of exposure biomarker data, and to determine the utility of blood as a biomarker of Mn exposure. METHODS Welder trainees were monitored over the course of a five-quarter training program. Each quarter, trainees gave eight blood samples and had personal air monitoring four times. A mixed model was fit to obtain estimates of airborne exposure by welding type (fixed effect), adjusted for subject (random effect). Considering weekends and days absent as zero exposure, estimated exposures were summed over various exposure windows and related to measured blood manganese (MnB) using a mixed model. RESULTS A relationship consistent with zero was found between MnB and modeled 1 or 7 days of exposure. After 30 days of preceding exposure, a 1 mg-days/m(3) increase in air Mn is associated with a 0.57 ng/mL increase in MnB (95% CI -0.04, 1.19). Considering a 90-day exposure window and a cumulative exposure window, a 1 mg-days/m(3) increase in air Mn is associated with a 0.26 (95% CI 0.005, 0.51) and 0.09 (95% CI 0.006, 0.17) ng/mL increase in MnB, respectively. CONCLUSIONS From this analysis, MnB may begin to act as a biomarker of Mn exposure over longer time periods, or at higher levels of exposure. This novel study design allowed investigation of how MnB relates to different time windows of exposure, representing the most robust Mn exposure assessment in the biomarker literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa G Baker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Bert Stover
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher D Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noah S Seixas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Reiss B, Simpson CD, Baker MG, Stover B, Sheppard L, Seixas NS. Hair Manganese as an Exposure Biomarker among Welders. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2015; 60:139-49. [PMID: 26409267 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying exposure and dose to manganese (Mn) containing airborne particles in welding fume presents many challenges. Common biological markers such as Mn in blood or Mn in urine have not proven to be practical biomarkers even in studies where positive associations were observed. However, hair Mn (MnH) as a biomarker has the advantage over blood and urine that it is less influenced by short-term variability of Mn exposure levels because of its slow growth rate. The objective of this study was to determine whether hair can be used as a biomarker for welders exposed to manganese. Hair samples (1cm) were collected from 47 welding school students and individual air Mn (MnA) exposures were measured for each subject. MnA levels for all days were estimated with a linear mixed model using welding type as a predictor. A 30-day time-weighted average MnA (MnA30d) exposure level was calculated for each hair sample. The association between MnH and MnA30d levels was then assessed. A linear relationship was observed between log-transformed MnA30d and log-transformed MnH. Doubling MnA30d exposure levels yields a 20% (95% confidence interval: 11-29%) increase in MnH. The association was similar for hair washed following two different wash procedures designed to remove external contamination. Hair shows promise as a biomarker for inhaled Mn exposure given the presence of a significant linear association between MnH and MnA30d levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Reiss
- 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Christopher D Simpson
- 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marissa G Baker
- 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bert Stover
- 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 2.Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Noah S Seixas
- 1.Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Andrade VL, Mateus ML, Batoréu MC, Aschner M, Marreilha dos Santos AP. Lead, Arsenic, and Manganese Metal Mixture Exposures: Focus on Biomarkers of Effect. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:13-23. [PMID: 25693681 PMCID: PMC4470849 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The increasing exposure of human populations to excessive levels of metals continues to represent a matter of public health concern. Several biomarkers have been studied and proposed for the detection of adverse health effects induced by lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn); however, these studies have relied on exposures to each single metal, which fails to replicate real-life exposure scenarios. These three metals are commonly detected in different environmental, occupational, and food contexts and they share common neurotoxic effects, which are progressive and once clinically apparent may be irreversible. Thus, chronic exposure to low levels of a mixture of these metals may represent an additive risk of toxicity. Building upon their shared mechanisms of toxicity, such as oxidative stress, interference with neurotransmitters, and effects on the hematopoietic system, we address putative biomarkers, which may assist in assessing the onset of neurological diseases associated with exposure to this metal mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- VL Andrade
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - ML Mateus
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - MC Batoréu
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461 NY, USA
| | - AP Marreilha dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Corresponding author – , Tel – 351217946400, Fax - 351217946470
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Gil F, Hernández AF. Toxicological importance of human biomonitoring of metallic and metalloid elements in different biological samples. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:287-297. [PMID: 25837421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring has become an important tool for the assessment of internal doses of metallic and metalloid elements. These elements are of great significance because of their toxic properties and wide distribution in environmental compartments. Although blood and urine are the most used and accepted matrices for human biomonitoring, other non-conventional samples (saliva, placenta, meconium, hair, nails, teeth, breast milk) may have practical advantages and would provide additional information on health risk. Nevertheless, the analysis of these compounds in biological matrices other than blood and urine has not yet been accepted as a useful tool for biomonitoring. The validation of analytical procedures is absolutely necessary for a proper implementation of non-conventional samples in biomonitoring programs. However, the lack of reliable and useful analytical methodologies to assess exposure to metallic elements, and the potential interference of external contamination and variation in biological features of non-conventional samples are important limitations for setting health-based reference values. The influence of potential confounding factors on metallic concentration should always be considered. More research is needed to ascertain whether or not non-conventional matrices offer definitive advantages over the traditional samples and to broaden the available database for establishing worldwide accepted reference values in non-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology. School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - A F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology. School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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Hoet P, Roels HA. Significance and Usefulness of Biomarkers of Exposure to Manganese. MANGANESE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622383-00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) accomplishes functions essential to maintaining human health, but at the same time this trace element can be toxic at low levels of exposure and accurate estimation of internal exposure is needed. A biomarker of exposure to Mn is meaningful only if there is sufficient knowledge of the toxicokinetics determining its presence in a biological medium (e.g. whole blood, plasma, urine, hair, nail). Moreover, biological monitoring of exposure to Mn is useful only when the biomarker is sufficiently specific and sensitive to distinguish exposed from non-exposed subjects, when it is dose-related to the external exposure (current, recent, or time-integrated), and when it displays reasonable dose–effect/response relationships with the occurrence of adverse effects on the central nervous system, the critical target for Mn exposure. Human investigations in which biomarkers of Mn exposure meet all these criteria are hard to locate. Overall, the available studies report poor or no associations on an individual basis between external (Mn in air or drinking water) and internal (Mn in blood, urine, hair, or nail) Mn exposure indices. This may be to some extent explained by features inherent of the Mn metabolism (homeostatic control), the Mn biomarker's half-life with respect to the exposure window, and the variable nature of external exposure scenarios. Studies particularly dealing with Mn inhalation exposure, different or poorly described methodological approaches, or air sampling strategies may render direct comparison and interpretation of results a tedious task. Nevertheless, several studies report significant dose–effect associations between biomarkers of Mn exposure and subclinical deficits of psychomotor or neuropsychological test performances. Because directly associated with the site of toxic action and providing the magnetic resonance imaging is done no later than three months after Mn exposure ceased, the Mn T1 relaxation time is potentially the better biomarker of Mn exposure in a clinical context (e.g. after long-term parenteral nutrition, chronic liver failure, methcathinone drug abuse). Magnetic resonance imaging is, however, unpractical as a tool for biological monitoring of exposure to Mn in the occupational setting (inhalation) and in the general population (air, drinking water). In conclusion, it would be inappropriate to recommend, on the basis of the currently available evidence, a reliable well-validated biomarker of exposure to Mn, or to establish a health-based threshold value for subclinical neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Hoet
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Harry A. Roels
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) Bruxelles Belgium
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Urner M, Schlicker A, Z'graggen BR, Stepuk A, Booy C, Buehler KP, Limbach L, Chmiel C, Stark WJ, Beck-Schimmer B. Inflammatory response of lung macrophages and epithelial cells after exposure to redox active nanoparticles: effect of solubility and antioxidant treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13960-13968. [PMID: 25343230 DOI: 10.1021/es504011m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an exposure to three mass-produced metal oxide nanoparticles-similar in size and specific surface area but different in redox activity and solubility-were studied in rat alveolar macrophages (MAC) and epithelial cells (AEC). We hypothesized that the cell response depends on the particle redox activity and solubility determining the amount of reactive oxygen species formation (ROS) and subsequent inflammatory response. MAC and AEC were exposed to different amounts of Mn3O4 (soluble, redox-active), CeO2 (insoluble, redox-active), and TiO2 (insoluble, redox-inert) up to 24 h. Viability and inflammatory response were monitored with and without coincubation of a free-radical scavenger (trolox). In MAC elevated ROS levels, decreased metabolic activity and attenuated inflammatory mediator secretion were observed in response to Mn3O4. Addition of trolox partially resolved these changes. In AEC, decreased metabolic activity and an attenuated inflammatory mediator secretion were found in response to CeO2 exposure without increased production of ROS, thus not sensitive to trolox administration. Interestingly, highly redox-active soluble particles did not provoke an inflammatory response. The data reveal that target and effector cells of the lung react in different ways to particle exposure making a prediction of the response depending on redox activity and intracellular solubility difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Urner
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Oulhote Y, Mergler D, Barbeau B, Bellinger DC, Bouffard T, Brodeur MÈ, Saint-Amour D, Legrand M, Sauvé S, Bouchard MF. Neurobehavioral function in school-age children exposed to manganese in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1343-50. [PMID: 25260096 PMCID: PMC4256698 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese neurotoxicity is well documented in individuals occupationally exposed to airborne particulates, but few data are available on risks from drinking-water exposure. OBJECTIVE We examined associations of exposure from concentrations of manganese in water and hair with memory, attention, motor function, and parent- and teacher-reported hyperactive behaviors. METHODS We recruited 375 children and measured manganese in home tap water (MnW) and hair (MnH). We estimated manganese intake from water ingestion. Using structural equation modeling, we estimated associations between neurobehavioral functions and MnH, MnW, and manganese intake from water. We evaluated exposure-response relationships using generalized additive models. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, a 1-SD increase in log10 MnH was associated with a significant difference of -24% (95% CI: -36, -12%) SD in memory and -25% (95% CI: -41, -9%) SD in attention. The relations between log10 MnH and poorer memory and attention were linear. A 1-SD increase in log10 MnW was associated with a significant difference of -14% (95% CI: -24, -4%) SD in memory, and this relation was nonlinear, with a steeper decline in performance at MnW > 100 μg/L. A 1-SD increase in log10 manganese intake from water was associated with a significant difference of -11% (95% CI: -21, -0.4%) SD in motor function. The relation between log10 manganese intake and poorer motor function was linear. There was no significant association between manganese exposure and hyperactivity. CONCLUSION Exposure to manganese in water was associated with poorer neurobehavioral performances in children, even at low levels commonly encountered in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Liu Y, Byrne P, Wang H, Koltick D, Zheng W, Nie LH. A compact DD neutron generator-based NAA system to quantify manganese (Mn) in bone in vivo. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:1899-911. [PMID: 25154883 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/9/1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A deuterium-deuterium (DD) neutron generator-based neutron activation analysis (NAA) system has been developed to quantify metals, including manganese (Mn), in bone in vivo. A DD neutron generator with a flux of up to 3*10(9) neutrons s(-1) was set up in our lab for this purpose. Optimized settings, including moderator, reflector, and shielding material and thickness, were selected based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations conducted in our previous work. Hand phantoms doped with different Mn concentrations were irradiated using the optimized DD neutron generator irradiation system. The Mn characteristic γ-rays were collected by an HPGe detector system with 100% relative efficiency. The calibration line of the Mn/calcium (Ca) count ratio versus bone Mn concentration was obtained (R(2) = 0.99) using the hand phantoms. The detection limit (DL) was calculated to be about 1.05 μg g(-1) dry bone (ppm) with an equivalent dose of 85.4 mSv to the hand. The DL can be reduced to 0.74 ppm by using two 100% HPGe detectors. The whole body effective dose delivered to the irradiated subject was calculated to be about 17 μSv. Given the average normal bone Mn concentration of 1 ppm in the general population, this system is promising for in vivo bone Mn quantification in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Karki P, Smith K, Johnson J, Aschner M, Lee E. Role of transcription factor yin yang 1 in manganese-induced reduction of astrocytic glutamate transporters: Putative mechanism for manganese-induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Int 2014; 88:53-9. [PMID: 25128239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant non-neuronal glial cells in the brain. Once relegated to a mere supportive role for neurons, contemporary dogmas ascribe multiple active roles for these cells in central nervous system (CNS) function, including maintenance of optimal glutamate levels in synapses. Regulation of glutamate levels in the synaptic cleft is crucial for preventing excitotoxic neuronal injury. Glutamate levels are regulated predominantly by two astrocytic glutamate transporters, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST). Indeed, the dysregulation of these transporters has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as manganism, which is caused by overexposure to the trace metal, manganese (Mn). Although Mn is an essential trace element, its excessive accumulation in the brain as a result of chronic occupational or environmental exposures induces a neurological disorder referred to as manganism, which shares common pathological features with Parkinsonism. Mn decreases the expression and function of both GLAST and GLT-1. Astrocytes are commonly targeted by Mn, and thus reduction in astrocytic glutamate transporter function represents a critical mechanism of Mn-induced neurotoxicity. In this review, we will discuss the role of astrocytic glutamate transporters in neurodegenerative diseases and Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - Keisha Smith
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - James Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, United States.
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Viana GFDS, de Carvalho CF, Nunes LS, Rodrigues JLG, Ribeiro NS, de Almeida DA, Ferreira JRD, Abreu N, Menezes-Filho JA. Noninvasive biomarkers of manganese exposure and neuropsychological effects in environmentally exposed adults in Brazil. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231:169-78. [PMID: 24992226 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential element to humans, in excess can cause neurotoxic damage. So far, Mn exposure assessment has no ideal biomarker. This study aims to investigate the association between Mn exposure, using noninvasive biomarkers, and neuropsychological effects in environmentally exposed adults. The residents of two communities near to a ferromanganese refinery in Bahia, Brazil were evaluated. Volunteers aged 15-55 of both sexes provided scalp hair, axillary hair, fingernail and saliva specimens for Mn determination by electrothermal absorption spectrometry. Several neuropsychological tests were used to evaluate cognitive, attention, memory, motor and executive functions. Significant correlations were observed between Mn in hair (MnH, median 8.95 μg/g), axillary hair (MnAxH,18.49 μg/g) and fingernail (MnFN, 6.91 μg/g) with the performances in several neuropsychological tests. No association was observed between manganese levels in saliva (MnSal, 4.2 μg/L) and any neuropsychological function. Multiple regression analysis detected an inverse association between Log MnH and IQ (β=-4.76 [CI 95% -9.17 to -0.36]) and between Log MnFN and visual working memory (β=-3.33 [CI 95% -6.15 to -0.52]). Direct association was observed between Log MnFN and time of completion in the cognitive flexibility task (β=56.29 [CI 95% 2.41-110.18]). The Mn biomonitoring using noninvasive biomarkers was able to detect high exposure levels, which were associated with detrimental neuropsychological effects in adults exposed to industrial emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrissie F de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena S Nunes
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana L G Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathália S Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego A de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Neander Abreu
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
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Martín-Cameán A, Molina-Villalba I, Jos A, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM, Gil F. Biomonitorization of chromium, copper, iron, manganese and nickel in scalp hair from orthodontic patients by atomic absorption spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:759-771. [PMID: 24632012 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to assess Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni levels in human scalp hair from a broad population group treated with orthodontic appliances (n=70) to determine, whether the concentration of a given metal was significantly influenced by the orthodontic treatment in comparison to control group (n=56). Levels of metal compounds were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean, ranges, median and 5th and 95th percentiles of metals analyzed in hair that were hypothesized to be systemically absorbed from stainless steel, are provided. The influence of individual factors on metal concentrations was considered (gender, age), and inter-element interactions were studied by evaluation of correlation coefficients between elements, as well as by multiple regression analysis. Differences in the content of metals in hair were only significantly increased for Mn when compared to the control group, but their levels were of the same magnitude to other control populations, and consequently, no risks linked to the treatment have been found. The orthodontic treatment increased significantly Mn levels in young patients (<20 years old) when compared with control group. Scalp hair analysis is a good method to investigate the release of the elements from fixed orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Cameán
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Molina-Villalba
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Solano
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
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