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Bülbül S, Sezgin Muslu A, Saglam A, Kadioglu A. Heliotropium thermophilum adapts to high soil temperature in natural conditions due to its highly active antioxidant system protecting its photosynthetic machinery. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23325. [PMID: 38991103 DOI: 10.1071/fp23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Heliotropium thermophilum (Boraginaceae) plants have strong antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effectiveness of the antioxidant system in protecting the photosynthetic machinery of H. thermophilum . Plants were obtained from Kızıldere geothermal area in Buharkent district, Aydın, Turkey. Plants in the geothermal area that grew at 25-35°C were regarded as the low temperature group, while those that grew at 55-65°C were regarded as the high temperature group. We analysed the physiological changes of these plants at the two temperature conditions at stage pre-flowering and flowering. We meaured the effect of high soil temperature on water potential, malondialdehyde, cell membrane stability, and hydrogen peroxide analysis to determine stress levels on leaves and roots. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbate and chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, and photosynthetic enzymes (Rubisco and invertase) activities were also determined. Our results showed minimal changes to stress levels, indicating that plants were tolerant to high soil temperatures. In general, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbat levels, and all chlorophyll fluorescence parameters except for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and F v /F m were observed. The pre-flowering and flowering stages were both characterised by decreased NPQ, despite F v /F m not changing. Additionally, there was a rise in the levels of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, Rubisco, and invertase activities. High temperature did not affect photosynthetic yield because H. thermophilum was found to stimulate antioxidant capacity, which reduces oxidative damage and maintains its photosynthetic machinery in high temperature conditions and therefore, it is tolerant to high soil temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Bülbül
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Asiye Sezgin Muslu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Aykut Saglam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Asim Kadioglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
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Maekawa S, Ohnishi M, Wada S, Ifuku K, Miyake C. Enhanced Reduction of Ferredoxin in PGR5-Deficient Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana Stimulated Ferredoxin-Dependent Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2677. [PMID: 38473924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular entity responsible for catalyzing ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (Fd-CEF) remains unidentified. To reveal the in vivo molecular mechanism of Fd-CEF, evaluating ferredoxin reduction-oxidation kinetics proves to be a reliable indicator of Fd-CEF activity. Recent research has demonstrated that the expression of Fd-CEF activity is contingent upon the oxidation of plastoquinone. Moreover, chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase does not catalyze Fd-CEF in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we analyzed the impact of reduced Fd on Fd-CEF activity by comparing wild-type and pgr5-deficient mutants (pgr5hope1). PGR5 has been proposed as the mediator of Fd-CEF, and pgr5hope1 exhibited a comparable CO2 assimilation rate and the same reduction-oxidation level of PQ as the wild type. However, P700 oxidation was suppressed with highly reduced Fd in pgr5hope1, unlike in the wild type. As anticipated, the Fd-CEF activity was enhanced in pgr5hope1 compared to the wild type, and its activity further increased with the oxidation of PQ due to the elevated CO2 assimilation rate. This in vivo research clearly demonstrates that the expression of Fd-CEF activity requires not only reduced Fd but also oxidized PQ. Importantly, PGR5 was found to not catalyze Fd-CEF, challenging previous assumptions about its role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Maekawa
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Ohnishi
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Graduate School for Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-Ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Cheng H, Wan Z, Xu Y, Shen J, Li X, Jin S. Transcriptome and photosynthetic analyses provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in Rhododendron × pulchrum Sweet. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad133. [PMID: 37930230 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhododendron species provide excellent ornamental use worldwide, yet heat stress (HS) is one of the major threats to their cultivation. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying the photochemical and transcriptional regulations associated with the heat stress response in Rhododendron remain relatively unexplored. In this study, the analyses of morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) kinetics showed that HS (40 °C/35 °C) had a notable impact on both the donor's and acceptor's sides of photosystem II (PSII), resulting in reduced PSII activity and electron transfer capacity. The gradual recovery of plants observed following a 5-day period of culture under normal conditions indicates the reversible nature of the HS impact on Rhododendron × pulchrum. Analysis of transcriptome data unveiled noteworthy trends: four genes associated with photosynthesis-antenna protein synthesis (LHCb1, LHCb2 and LHCb3) and the antioxidant system (glutamate-cysteine ligase) experienced significant down-regulation in the leaves of R. × pulchrum during HS. Conversely, aseorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase TAU 8 demonstrated an up-regulated pattern. Furthermore, six down-regulated genes (phos-phoenolpyruvate carboxylase 4, sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase 2, high cyclic electron flow 1, beta glucosidase 32 and starch synthase 2) and two up-regulated genes (beta glucosidase 2 and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2) implicated in photosynthetic carbon fixation and starch/sucrose metabolism were identified during the recovery process. To augment these insights, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis yielded a co-expression network, pinpointing the hub genes correlated with ChlF dynamics' variation trends. The cumulative results showed that HS inhibited the synthesis of photosynthesis-antenna proteins in R. × pulchrum leaves. This disruption subsequently led to diminished photochemical activities in both PSII and PSI, albeit with PSI exhibiting heightened thermostability. Depending on the regulation of the reactive oxygen species scavenging system and heat dissipation, photoprotection sustained the recoverability of R. × pulchrum to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefeng Cheng
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Ziyun Wan
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Jianshuang Shen
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- Hangzhou Animation & Game College, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Life Science and Health, Huzhou College , Huzhou 313000, China
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Keller B, Soto J, Steier A, Portilla-Benavides AE, Raatz B, Studer B, Walter A, Muller O, Urban MO. Linking photosynthesis and yield reveals a strategy to improve light use efficiency in a climbing bean breeding population. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:901-916. [PMID: 37878015 PMCID: PMC10837016 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis drives plant physiology, biomass accumulation, and yield. Photosynthetic efficiency, specifically the operating efficiency of PSII (Fq'/Fm'), is highly responsive to actual growth conditions, especially to fluctuating photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR). Under field conditions, plants constantly balance energy uptake to optimize growth. The dynamic regulation complicates the quantification of cumulative photochemical energy uptake based on the intercepted solar energy, its transduction into biomass, and the identification of efficient breeding lines. Here, we show significant effects on biomass related to genetic variation in photosynthetic efficiency of 178 climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines. Under fluctuating conditions, the Fq'/Fm' was monitored throughout the growing period using hand-held and automated chlorophyll fluorescence phenotyping. The seasonal response of Fq'/Fm' to PPFR (ResponseG:PPFR) achieved significant correlations with biomass and yield, ranging from 0.33 to 0.35 and from 0.22 to 0.31 in two glasshouse and three field trials, respectively. Phenomic yield prediction outperformed genomic predictions for new environments in four trials under different growing conditions. Investigating genetic control over photosynthesis, one single nucleotide polymorphism (Chr09_37766289_13052) on chromosome 9 was significantly associated with ResponseG:PPFR in proximity to a candidate gene controlling chloroplast thylakoid formation. In conclusion, photosynthetic screening facilitates and accelerates selection for high yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Keller
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Soto
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Angelina Steier
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Bodo Raatz
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Milan O Urban
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Robson JK, Ferguson JN, McAusland L, Atkinson JA, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Cubry P, Sabot F, Wells DM, Price AH, Wilson ZA, Murchie EH. Chlorophyll fluorescence-based high-throughput phenotyping facilitates the genetic dissection of photosynthetic heat tolerance in African (Oryza glaberrima) and Asian (Oryza sativa) rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5181-5197. [PMID: 37347829 PMCID: PMC10498015 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures and extreme heat events threaten rice production. Half of the global population relies on rice for basic nutrition, and therefore developing heat-tolerant rice is essential. During vegetative development, reduced photosynthetic rates can limit growth and the capacity to store soluble carbohydrates. The photosystem II (PSII) complex is a particularly heat-labile component of photosynthesis. We have developed a high-throughput chlorophyll fluorescence-based screen for photosynthetic heat tolerance capable of screening hundreds of plants daily. Through measuring the response of maximum PSII efficiency to increasing temperature, this platform generates data for modelling the PSII-temperature relationship in large populations in a small amount of time. Coefficients from these models (photosynthetic heat tolerance traits) demonstrated high heritabilities across African (Oryza glaberrima) and Asian (Oryza sativa, Bengal Assam Aus Panel) rice diversity sets, highlighting valuable genetic variation accessible for breeding. Genome-wide association studies were performed across both species for these traits, representing the first documented attempt to characterize the genetic basis of photosynthetic heat tolerance in any species to date. A total of 133 candidate genes were highlighted. These were significantly enriched with genes whose predicted roles suggested influence on PSII activity and the response to stress. We discuss the most promising candidates for improving photosynthetic heat tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K Robson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - John N Ferguson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Lorna McAusland
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jonathan A Atkinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Phillipe Cubry
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - François Sabot
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Darren M Wells
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Adam H Price
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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6
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Scafaro AP, Posch BC, Evans JR, Farquhar GD, Atkin OK. Rubisco deactivation and chloroplast electron transport rates co-limit photosynthesis above optimal leaf temperature in terrestrial plants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2820. [PMID: 37198175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (An) decreases at leaf temperatures above a relatively mild optimum (Topt) in most higher plants. This decline is often attributed to reduced CO2 conductance, increased CO2 loss from photorespiration and respiration, reduced chloroplast electron transport rate (J), or deactivation of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase (Rubisco). However, it is unclear which of these factors can best predict species independent declines in An at high temperature. We show that independent of species, and on a global scale, the observed decline in An with rising temperatures can be effectively accounted for by Rubisco deactivation and declines in J. Our finding that An declines with Rubisco deactivation and J supports a coordinated down-regulation of Rubisco and chloroplast electron transport rates to heat stress. We provide a model that, in the absence of CO2 supply limitations, can predict the response of photosynthesis to short-term increases in leaf temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Scafaro
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Centre for Entrepreneurial Agri-Technology, Gould Building, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
| | - Bradley C Posch
- Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Centre for Entrepreneurial Agri-Technology, Gould Building, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
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Li J, Li Z, Li X, Tang X, Liu H, Li J, Song Y. Effects of Spraying KH 2PO 4 on Flag Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield and Quality under Heat Stress during the Filling Period in Winter Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091801. [PMID: 37176859 PMCID: PMC10181080 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important wheat-producing areas in China, wheat is prone to heat stress during the grain filling period in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3HP), which lowers yields and degrades the grain quality of wheat. To assess the effects of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) on the physiological traits in flag leaves and grain yield (GY) and quality under heat stress during the filling period, we conducted a two-year field experiment in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2020-2022. In this study, spraying water combined with heat stress (HT), 0.3% KH2PO4 (KDP), and 0.3% KH2PO4 combined with heat stress (PHT) were designed, and spraying water alone was used as a control (CK). The dates for the spraying were the third and eleventh day after anthesis, and a plastic film shed was used to impose heat stress on the wheat plants during the grain filling period. The results showed that spraying KH2PO4 significantly improved the chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate (Pn) in flag leaves compared with the non-sprayed treatments. Compared with CK, the Pn in HT decreased by 8.97% after heat stress, while Pn in PHT decreased by 7.44% compared to that of KDP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in flag leaves were significantly reduced when the wheat was subjected to heat stress, while malonaldehyde content increased, and the enzyme activities were significantly enhanced when KH2PO4 was sprayed. Heat stress significantly decreased the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation (DM) after anthesis of wheat to grain (CRAA), whereas spraying KH2PO4 significantly increased the CRAA and harvest index. At maturity, the DM in CK was significantly higher than that in HT, KDP was significantly higher than PHT, and KDP had the highest DM. Compared with CK, the GY in KDP significantly increased by 9.85% over the two years, while the GY in HT decreased by 11.44% compared with that of CK, and the GY in PHT decreased by 6.31% compared to that of KDP. Spraying KH2PO4 after anthesis primarily helped GY by maintaining a high thousand grain weight to lessen the negative effects of heat stress on wheat. Moreover, heat stress significantly reduced protein concentration, wet gluten content, dough development time, and hardness index in grains of mature, while spraying KH2PO4 maintained a sufficient grain quality under the conditions of achieving higher yields. Overall, spraying KH2PO4 after anthesis could enhance the heat stress resistance of wheat and maintain the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves, ensuring the dry matter production and reducing the negative effects on grain yield and quality in the 3HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuqiao Tang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huilian Liu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jincai Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Hendrix S, Dard A, Meyer AJ, Reichheld JP. Redox-mediated responses to high temperature in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2489-2507. [PMID: 36794477 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are particularly affected by climate change and will face more frequent and extreme temperature variations in the future. Plants have developed a diverse range of mechanisms allowing them to perceive and respond to these environmental constraints, which requires sophisticated signalling mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in plants exposed to various stress conditions including high temperatures and are presumed to be involved in stress response reactions. The diversity of ROS-generating pathways and the ability of ROS to propagate from cell to cell and to diffuse through cellular compartments and even across membranes between subcellular compartments put them at the centre of signalling pathways. In addition, their capacity to modify the cellular redox status and to modulate functions of target proteins, notably through cysteine oxidation, show their involvement in major stress response transduction pathways. ROS scavenging and thiol reductase systems also participate in the transmission of oxidation-dependent stress signals. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the functions of ROS and oxidoreductase systems in integrating high temperature signals, towards the activation of stress responses and developmental acclimation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hendrix
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Avilien Dard
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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9
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Mattoon EM, McHargue W, Bailey CE, Zhang N, Chen C, Eckhardt J, Daum CG, Zane M, Pennacchio C, Schmutz J, O'Malley RC, Cheng J, Zhang R. High-throughput identification of novel heat tolerance genes via genome-wide pooled mutant screens in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:865-888. [PMID: 36479703 PMCID: PMC9898210 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Different high temperatures adversely affect crop and algal yields with various responses in photosynthetic cells. The list of genes required for thermotolerance remains elusive. Additionally, it is unclear how carbon source availability affects heat responses in plants and algae. We utilized the insertional, indexed, genome-saturating mutant library of the unicellular, eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to perform genome-wide, quantitative, pooled screens under moderate (35°C) or acute (40°C) high temperatures with or without organic carbon sources. We identified heat-sensitive mutants based on quantitative growth rates and identified putative heat tolerance genes (HTGs). By triangulating HTGs with heat-induced transcripts or proteins in wildtype cultures and MapMan functional annotations, we presented a high/medium-confidence list of 933 Chlamydomonas genes with putative roles in heat tolerance. Triangulated HTGs include those with known thermotolerance roles and novel genes with little or no functional annotation. About 50% of these high-confidence HTGs in Chlamydomonas have orthologs in green lineage organisms, including crop species. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in the ortholog of a high-confidence Chlamydomonas HTG were also heat sensitive. This work expands our knowledge of heat responses in photosynthetic cells and provides engineering targets to improve thermotolerance in algae and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - William McHargue
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - James Eckhardt
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Chris G. Daum
- U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matt Zane
- U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christa Pennacchio
- U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronan C. O'Malley
- U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
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10
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The Role of Heat Acclimation in Thermotolerance of Chickpea Cultivars: Changes in Photochemical and Biochemical Responses. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010233. [PMID: 36676182 PMCID: PMC9864346 DOI: 10.3390/life13010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of heat stress on the physiological and biochemical responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.; Diyar and Küsmen-99) cultivars that are both heat acclimated and non-acclimated. The seedlings were grown in soil for 15 days and then exposed to heat stress (35 °C, 5 days) after heat acclimation (30 °C, 2 days) or non-acclimation (25 °C, 2 days). Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) measurements were analyzed using the JIP test. Heat acclimation had no significant effect on ChlF parameters. Seedlings exposed to higher temperatures by acclimation were more tolerant in terms of ChlF parameters and Diyar had a better photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII). Heat stress resulted in a decrease in electron transport efficiency, quantum yield, photosynthetic performance, and driving force in both chickpea cultivars, while K-band, L-band, and quantum yield of dissipation increased, especially in the non-acclimated cultivars. Additionally, ion leakage (RLR), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and H2O2 synthesis increased in the cultivars, while water content (RWC), chlorophyll (a + b) content, and carotenoid content of the cultivars decreased. On the other hand, the cultivars attempted to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the content of anthocyanins and flavonoids and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POD) under heat stress. Heat acclimation alleviated the negative effects of heat stress on each cultivar's water content, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, membrane damage, photosynthetic activity, and antioxidant defense systems. The results of this study showed that, by providing heat acclimation more effectively, Diyar was better able to cope with the biochemical and physiological alterations that could be resulted from heat stress.
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11
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Qu Y, Mueller-Cajar O, Yamori W. Improving plant heat tolerance through modification of Rubisco activase in C3 plants to secure crop yield and food security in a future warming world. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:591-599. [PMID: 35981868 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The world's population may reach 10 billion by 2050, but 10% still suffer from food shortages. At the same time, global warming threatens food security by decreasing crop yields, so it is necessary to develop crops with enhanced resistance to high temperatures in order to secure the food supply. In this review, the role of Rubisco activase as an important factor in plant heat tolerance is summarized, based on the conclusions of recent findings. Rubisco activase is a molecular chaperone determining the activation of Rubisco, whose heat sensitivity causes reductions of photosynthesis at high temperatures. Thus, the thermostability of Rubisco activase is considered to be critical for improving plant heat tolerance. It has been shown that the introduction of thermostable Rubisco activase through gene editing into Arabidopsis thaliana and from heat-adapted wild Oryza species or C4Zea mays into Oryza sativa improves Rubisco activation, photosynthesis, and plant growth at high temperatures. We propose that developing a universal thermostable Rubisco activase could be a promising direction for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Sukhova E, Ratnitsyna D, Gromova E, Sukhov V. Development of Two-Dimensional Model of Photosynthesis in Plant Leaves and Analysis of Induction of Spatial Heterogeneity of CO 2 Assimilation Rate under Action of Excess Light and Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233285. [PMID: 36501325 PMCID: PMC9739240 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a key process in plants that can be strongly affected by the actions of environmental stressors. The stressor-induced photosynthetic responses are based on numerous and interacted processes that can restrict their experimental investigation. The development of mathematical models of photosynthetic processes is an important way of investigating these responses. Our work was devoted to the development of a two-dimensional model of photosynthesis in plant leaves that was based on the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry model of CO2 assimilation and descriptions of other processes including the stomatal and transmembrane CO2 fluxes, lateral CO2 and HCO3- fluxes, transmembrane and lateral transport of H+ and K+, interaction of these ions with buffers in the apoplast and cytoplasm, light-dependent regulation of H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane, etc. Verification of the model showed that the simulated light dependences of the CO2 assimilation rate were similar to the experimental ones and dependences of the CO2 assimilation rate of an average leaf CO2 conductance were also similar to the experimental dependences. An analysis of the model showed that a spatial heterogeneity of the CO2 assimilation rate on a leaf surface should be stimulated under an increase in light intensity and a decrease in the stomatal CO2 conductance or quantity of the open stomata; this prediction was supported by the experimental verification. Results of the work can be the basis of the development of new methods of the remote sensing of the influence of abiotic stressors (at least, excess light and drought) on plants.
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13
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Kim SC, Yao S, Zhang Q, Wang X. Phospholipase Dδ and phosphatidic acid mediate heat-induced nuclear localization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:786-799. [PMID: 36111506 PMCID: PMC9831026 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) is a glycolytic enzyme, but undergoes stress-induced nuclear translocation for moonlighting. We previously reported that in response to heat stress, GAPC accumulated in the nucleus to modulate transcription and thermotolerance. Here we show a cellular and molecular mechanism that mediates heat-induced nuclear translocation of cytosolic GAPC in Arabidopsis thaliana. Heat-induced GAPC nuclear accumulation and plant heat tolerance were reduced in Arabidopsis phospholipase D (PLD) knockout mutants of pldδ and pldα1pldδ, but not of pldα1. These changes were restored to wild type by genetic complementation with active PLDδ, but not with catalytically inactive PLDδ. GAPC overexpression enhanced the seedling thermotolerance and the expression of heat-inducible genes, but this effect was abolished in the pldδ background. Heat stress elevated the levels of the PLD product phosphatidic acid (PA) in the nucleus in wild type, but not in pldδ plants. Lipid labeling demonstrated the heat-induced nuclear co-localization of PA and GAPC, which was impaired by zinc, which inhibited the PA-GAPC interaction, and by the membrane trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA). The GAPC nuclear accumulation and seedling thermotolerance were also decreased by treatment with zinc or BFA. Our data suggest that PLDδ and PA are critical for the heat-induced nuclear translocation of GAPC. We propose that PLDδ-produced PA mediates the process via lipid-protein interaction and that the lipid mediation acts as a cellular conduit linking stress perturbations at cell membranes to nuclear functions in plants coping with heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Chul Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA, and
| | - Shuaibing Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA, and
| | - Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA, and
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14
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Huang LZ, Zhou M, Ding YF, Zhu C. Gene Networks Involved in Plant Heat Stress Response and Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911970. [PMID: 36233272 PMCID: PMC9569452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is an environmental problem that cannot be ignored. High temperatures seriously affect the normal growth and development of plants, and threaten the development of agriculture and the distribution and survival of species at risk. Plants have evolved complex but efficient mechanisms for sensing and responding to high temperatures, which involve the activation of numerous functional proteins, regulatory proteins, and non-coding RNAs. These mechanisms consist of large regulatory networks that regulate protein and RNA structure and stability, induce Ca2+ and hormone signal transduction, mediate sucrose and water transport, activate antioxidant defense, and maintain other normal metabolic pathways. This article reviews recent research results on the molecular mechanisms of plant response to high temperatures, highlighting future directions or strategies for promoting plant heat tolerance, thereby helping to identify the regulatory mechanisms of heat stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan-Fei Ding
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.D.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.)
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.D.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.)
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15
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Cheng JB, Zhang SB, Wu JS, Huang W. The Dynamic Changes of Alternative Electron Flows upon Transition from Low to High Light in the Fern Cyrtomium fortune and the Gymnosperm Nageia nagi. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172768. [PMID: 36078176 PMCID: PMC9455243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms except angiosperms, an alternative electron sink that is mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) plays the major role in preventing PSI photoinhibition while cyclic electron flow (CEF) is also essential for normal growth under fluctuating light. However, the dynamic changes of FLVs and CEF has not yet been well clarified. In this study, we measured the P700 signal, chlorophyll fluorescence, and electrochromic shift spectra in the fern Cyrtomium fortune and the gymnosperm Nageia nagi. We found that both species could not build up a sufficient proton gradient (∆pH) within the first 30 s after light abruptly increased. During this period, FLVs-dependent alternative electron flow was functional to avoid PSI over-reduction. This functional time of FLVs was much longer than previously thought. By comparison, CEF was highly activated within the first 10 s after transition from low to high light, which favored energy balancing rather than the regulation of a PSI redox state. When FLVs were inactivated during steady-state photosynthesis, CEF was re-activated to favor photoprotection and to sustain photosynthesis. These results provide new insight into how FLVs and CEF interact to regulate photosynthesis in non-angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bin Cheng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jin-Song Wu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Tomar RS, Rai-Kalal P, Jajoo A. Impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on photosynthetic and biochemical functions and its bioremediation by Chlorella vulgaris. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Copolovici L, Copolovici DM, Moisa C, Lupitu A. Antagonist Temperature Variation Affects the Photosynthetic Parameters and Secondary Metabolites of Ocimum basilicum L. and Salvia officinalis L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11141806. [PMID: 35890439 PMCID: PMC9322130 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the main challenges for actual and future generations. Global warming affects plants and animals and is responsible for considerable crop loss. This study studied the influence of antagonist successive stresses, cold-heat and heat-cold, on two medicinal plants Ocimum basilicum L. and Salvia officinalis L. The photosynthetic parameters decreased for plants under the variation of subsequent stress. Net assimilation rates and stomatal conductance to water vapor are more affected in the case of plants under cold-heat consecutive stress than heat-cold successive stress. Emissions of volatile organic compounds have been enhanced for plants under successive stress when compared with control plants. Chlorophyll concentrations for plants under successive stress decreased for basil and sage plants. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were not affected by the successive stresses when compared with the plants under only one type of treatment.
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18
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Sukhova E, Yudina L, Kior A, Kior D, Popova A, Zolin Y, Gromova E, Sukhov V. Modified Photochemical Reflectance Indices as New Tool for Revealing Influence of Drought and Heat on Pea and Wheat Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1308. [PMID: 35631733 PMCID: PMC9147454 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In environmental conditions, plants can be affected by the action of numerous abiotic stressors. These stressors can induce both damage of physiological processes and adaptive changes including signaling-based changes. Development of optical methods of revealing influence of stressors on plants is an important task for plant investigations. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) based on plant reflectance at 531 nm (measuring wavelength) and 570 nm (reference wavelength) can be effective tool of revealing plant stress changes (mainly, photosynthetic changes); however, its efficiency is strongly varied at different conditions. Earlier, we proposed series of modified PRIs with moderate shifts of the measuring wavelength and showed that these indices can be effective for revealing photosynthetic changes under fluctuations in light intensity. The current work was devoted to the analysis of sensitivity of these modified PRIs to action of drought and short-term heat stress. Investigation of spatially-fixed leaves of pea plants showed that the modified PRI with the shorter measuring wavelength (515 nm) was increased under response of drought and heat; by contrast, the modified PRI with the longer wavelength (555 nm) was decreased under response to these stressors. Changes of investigated indices could be related to parameters of photosynthetic light reactions; however, these relations were stronger for the modified PRI with the 555 nm measuring wavelength. Investigation of canopy of pea (vegetation room) and wheat (vegetation room and open-ground) supported these results. Thus, moderate changes in the measuring wavelengths of PRI can strongly modify the efficiency of their use for the estimation of plant physiological changes (mainly photosynthetic changes) under action of stressors. It is probable that the modified PRI with the 555 nm measuring wavelength (or similar indices) can be an effective tool for revealing photosynthetic changes induced by stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (D.K.); (A.P.); (Y.Z.); (E.G.)
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19
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Zhang N, Mattoon EM, McHargue W, Venn B, Zimmer D, Pecani K, Jeong J, Anderson CM, Chen C, Berry JC, Xia M, Tzeng SC, Becker E, Pazouki L, Evans B, Cross F, Cheng J, Czymmek KJ, Schroda M, Mühlhaus T, Zhang R. Systems-wide analysis revealed shared and unique responses to moderate and acute high temperatures in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Commun Biol 2022; 5:460. [PMID: 35562408 PMCID: PMC9106746 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different intensities of high temperatures affect the growth of photosynthetic cells in nature. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we cultivated the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under highly controlled photobioreactor conditions and revealed systems-wide shared and unique responses to 24-hour moderate (35°C) and acute (40°C) high temperatures and subsequent recovery at 25°C. We identified previously overlooked unique elements in response to moderate high temperature. Heat at 35°C transiently arrested the cell cycle followed by partial synchronization, up-regulated transcripts/proteins involved in gluconeogenesis/glyoxylate-cycle for carbon uptake and promoted growth. But 40°C disrupted cell division and growth. Both high temperatures induced photoprotection, while 40°C distorted thylakoid/pyrenoid ultrastructure, affected the carbon concentrating mechanism, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency. We demonstrated increased transcript/protein correlation during both heat treatments and hypothesize reduced post-transcriptional regulation during heat may help efficiently coordinate thermotolerance mechanisms. During recovery after both heat treatments, especially 40°C, transcripts/proteins related to DNA synthesis increased while those involved in photosynthetic light reactions decreased. We propose down-regulating photosynthetic light reactions during DNA replication benefits cell cycle resumption by reducing ROS production. Our results provide potential targets to increase thermotolerance in algae and crops. A systems-wide analysis of the single-cell green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardti reveals shared and unique responses to moderate and acute high temperatures using multiple-level investigation of transcriptomics, proteomics, cell physiology, photosynthetic parameters, and cellular ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Will McHargue
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | | | - David Zimmer
- TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Kresti Pecani
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Jooyeon Jeong
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Cheyenne M Anderson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Ming Xia
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Shin-Cheng Tzeng
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Eric Becker
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Bradley Evans
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Fred Cross
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | | | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.
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20
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Short AH, Fay TP, Crisanto T, Hall J, Steen CJ, Niyogi KK, Limmer DT, Fleming GR. Xanthophyll-cycle based model of the rapid photoprotection of Nannochloropsis in response to regular and irregular light/dark sequences. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:205102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract <p>We explore the photoprotection dynamics of Nannochloropsis oceanica using time-correlated single photon counting under regular and irregular actinic light sequences. The varying light sequences mimic natural conditions, allowing us to probe the real-time response of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) pathways. Durations of fluctuating light exposure during a fixed total experimental time and prior light exposure of the algae are both found to have a profound effect on NPQ. These observations are rationalized with a quantitative model based on the xanthophyll cycle and the protonation of LHCX1. The model is able to accurately describe the dynamics of non-photochemical quenching across a variety of light sequences. The combined model and observations suggest that the accumulation of a quenching complex, likely zeaxanthin bound to a protonated LHCX1, is responsible for the gradual rise in NPQ. Additionally, the model makes specific predictions for the light sequence dependence of xanthophyll concentrations that are in reasonable agreement with independent chromatography measurements taken during a specific light/dark sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey H Short
- University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Thomas Patrick Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Thien Crisanto
- University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Johanna Hall
- Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | - Collin J Steen
- Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | | | - David T Limmer
- Chemistry, University of California Berkeley Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley College of Chemistry, United States of America
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21
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Dhokne K, Pandey J, Yadav RM, Ramachandran P, Rath JR, Subramanyam R. Change in the photochemical and structural organization of thylakoids from pea (Pisum sativum) under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 177:46-60. [PMID: 35255419 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt can induce adverse effects, primarily on the photosynthetic process, ultimately influencing plant productivity. Still, the impact of salt on the photosynthesis process in terms of supercomplexes organization of thylakoid structure and function is not understood in Pea (Pisum sativum). To understand the structure and function in the leaves and thylakoids under salt (NaCl) treatment, we used various biophysical and biochemical techniques like infrared gas analyzer, chlorophyll a fluorescence, circular dichroism, electron microscopy, blue native gels, and western blots. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were reduced significantly, whereas the water use efficiency was enhanced remarkably under high salt conditions (200 mM NaCl). The photochemical efficiency of both photosystem (PS) I and II was reduced in high salt by inhibiting their donor and acceptor sides. Interestingly the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is reduced in high salt; however, the non-regulated energy dissipation (NO) of PSII increased, leading to inactivation of PSII. The obtained results exhibit inhibition of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) mediated pathway-dependent cyclic electron transport under salinity caused a decrease in proton motive force of ΔpH and Δψ. Further, the electron micrographs show the disorganization of grana thylakoids under salt stress. Furthermore, the macro-organization and supercomplexes of thylakoids were significantly affected by high salt. Specifically, the mega complexes, PSII-LHCII, PSI-LHCI, and NDH complexes were notably reduced, ultimately altering the electron transport. The reaction center proteins of oxygen-evolving complexes, D1 and D2 proteins were affected to high salt indicating changes in photochemical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dhokne
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India; Department of Botany, Shri Vitthal Rukmini College, Sawana, Yavatmal, 445001, India
| | - Jayendra Pandey
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ranay Mohan Yadav
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pavithra Ramachandran
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jyoti Ranjan Rath
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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22
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Regulation of Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes under high temperature stress. ABIOTECH 2022; 3:65-77. [PMID: 36311539 PMCID: PMC9590453 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-022-00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) consists of three critical processes, including fixation of CO2 by Rubisco, reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) to triose phosphate (triose-P) with NADPH and ATP generated by the light reactions, and regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) from triose-P. The activities of photosynthesis-related proteins, mainly from the CBC, were found more significantly affected and regulated in plants challenged with high temperature stress, including Rubisco, Rubisco activase (RCA) and the enzymes involved in RuBP regeneration, such as sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase). Over the past years, the regulatory mechanism of CBC, especially for redox-regulation, has attracted major interest, because balancing flux at the various enzymatic reactions and maintaining metabolite levels in a range are of critical importance for the optimal operation of CBC under high temperature stress, providing insights into the genetic manipulation of photosynthesis. Here, we summarize recent progress regarding the identification of various layers of regulation point to the key enzymes of CBC for acclimation to environmental temperature changes along with open questions are also discussed.
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23
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Poór P, Nawaz K, Gupta R, Ashfaque F, Khan MIR. Ethylene involvement in the regulation of heat stress tolerance in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:675-698. [PMID: 33713206 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of the rise in global temperature, heat stress has become a major concern for crop production. Heat stress deteriorates plant productivity and alters phenological and physiological responses that aid in precise monitoring and sensing of mild-to-severe transient heat stress. Plants have evolved several sophisticated mechanisms including hormone-signaling pathways to sense heat stimuli and acquire heat stress tolerance. In response to heat stress, ethylene, a gaseous hormone, is produced which is indispensable for plant growth and development and tolerance to various abiotic stresses including heat stress. The manipulation of ethylene in developing heat stress tolerance targeting ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways has brought promising out comes. Conversely increased ethylene biosynthesis and signaling seem to exhibit inhibitory effects in plant growth responses from primitive to maturity stages. This review mainly focuses on the recent studies of ethylene involvement in plant responses to heat stress and its functional regulation, and molecular mechanism underlying the plant responses in the mitigation of heat-induced damages. Furthermore, this review also describes the crosstalk between ethylene and other signaling molecules under heat stress and approaches to improve heat stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kashif Nawaz
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farha Ashfaque
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Filaček A, Živčák M, Ferroni L, Barboričová M, Gašparovič K, Yang X, Landi M, Brestič M. Pre-Acclimation to Elevated Temperature Stabilizes the Activity of Photosystem I in Wheat Plants Exposed to an Episode of Severe Heat Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050616. [PMID: 35270085 PMCID: PMC8912596 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The importance of high temperature as an environmental factor is growing in proportion to deepening global climate change. The study aims to evaluate the effects of long-term acclimation of plants to elevated temperature on the tolerance of their photosynthetic apparatus to heat stress. Three wheat (Triticum sp. L.) genotypes differing in leaf and photosynthetic traits were analyzed: Thesee, Roter Samtiger Kolbenweizen, and ANK 32A. The pot experiment was established in natural conditions outdoors (non-acclimated variant), from which a part of the plants was placed in foil tunnel with elevated temperature for 14 days (high temperature-acclimated variant). A severe heat stress screening experiment was induced by an exposition of the plans in a growth chamber with artificial light and air temperature up to 45 °C for ~12 h before the measurements. The measurements of leaf photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and rapid kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence was performed. The results confirmed that a high temperature drastically reduced the photosynthetic assimilation rate caused by the non-stomatal (biochemical) limitation of photosynthetic processes. On the other hand, the chlorophyll fluorescence indicated only a moderate level of decrease of quantum efficiency of photosystem (PS) II (Fv/Fm parameter), indicating mostly reversible heat stress effects. The heat stress led to a decrease in the number of active PS II reaction centers (RC/ABS) and overall activity o PSII (PIabs) in all genotypes, whereas the PS I (parameter ψREo) was negatively influenced by heat stress in the non-acclimated variant only. Our results showed that the genotypes differ in acclimation capacity to heat stress, and rapid noninvasive techniques may help screen the stress effects and identify more tolerant crop genotypes. The acclimation was demonstrated more at the PS I level, which may be associated with the upregulation of alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways with clearly protective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Filaček
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Marek Živčák
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ž.); (L.F.); Tel.: +421-37-6414-821 (M.Ž.); +39-0532-293785 (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.Ž.); (L.F.); Tel.: +421-37-6414-821 (M.Ž.); +39-0532-293785 (L.F.)
| | - Mária Barboričová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Kristína Gašparovič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Xinghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Chovancek E, Zivcak M, Brestic M, Hussain S, Allakhverdiev SI. The different patterns of post-heat stress responses in wheat genotypes: the role of the transthylakoid proton gradient in efficient recovery of leaf photosynthetic capacity. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:179-193. [PMID: 33393064 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and severity of heat waves are expected to increase in the near future, with a significant impact on physiological functions and yield of crop plants. In this study, we assessed the residual post-heat stress effects on photosynthetic responses of six diverse winter wheat (Triticum sp.) genotypes, differing in country of origin, taxonomy and ploidy (tetraploids vs. hexaploids). After 5 days of elevated temperatures (up to 38 °C), the photosynthetic parameters recorded on the first day of recovery (R1) as well as after the next 4-5 days of the recovery (R2) were compared to those of the control plants (C) grown under moderate temperatures. Based on the values of CO2 assimilation rate (A) and the maximum rates of carboxylation (VCmax) in R1, we identified that the hexaploid (HEX) and tetraploid (TET) species clearly differed in the strength of their response to heat stress. Next, the analyses of gas exchange, simultaneous measurements of PSI and PSII photochemistry and the measurements of electrochromic bandshift (ECS) have consistently shown that photosynthetic and photoprotective functions in leaves of TET genotypes were almost fully recovered in R2, whereas the recovery of photosynthetic and photoprotective functions in the HEX group in R2 was still rather low. A poor recovery was associated with an overly reduced acceptor side of photosystem I as well as high values of the electric membrane potential (Δψ component of the proton motive force, pmf) in the chloroplast. On the other hand, a good recovery of photosynthetic capacity and photoprotective functions was clearly associated with an enhanced ΔpH component of the pmf, thus demonstrating a key role of efficient regulation of proton transport to ensure buildup of the transthylakoid proton gradient needed for photosynthesis restoration after high-temperature episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Chovancek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Jiang Y, Feng X, Wang H, Chen Y, Sun Y. Heat-induced down-regulation of photosystem II protects photosystem I in honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1311-1321. [PMID: 34351552 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is a traditional medicinal plant in China which is often threatened by high temperature at midday during summer. Heat-induced effects on the photosynthetic apparatus in honeysuckle are associated with a depression of the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency. However, very limited information is available on regulation of photosynthetic electron flow in PSI photoprotection in heat-stressed honeysuckle. Simultaneous analyses of chlorophyll fluorescence and the change in absorbance of P700 showed that energy transformation and electron transfer activity in PSII decreased under heat stress, but the fraction of photo-oxidizable PSI (Pm) remained stable. With treatments at 38 and 42 °C, the photochemical electron transport in PSII was suppressed, whereas the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI was induced. In addition, the levels of high energy state quenching (qE) and P700 oxidation increased significantly with increasing temperature. However, a decline of qE in antimycin A (AA)- or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)-treated leaves after heat treatment was observed, while P700 oxidation decreased only in the presence of AA. The results indicate that heat-induced inhibition of PSII and induction of CEF cooperatively protect PSI from ROS damages through moderate down-regulation of photosynthetic electron flow from PSII to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Maharajan T, Ceasar SA, Krishna TPA, Ignacimuthu S. Management of phosphorus nutrient amid climate change for sustainable agriculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:1303-1324. [PMID: 34559407 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients are essential for plant growth and development and influence overall agricultural production. Phosphorus (P) is a major nutrient required for many physiological and biochemical functions of a plant. Phosphate rock is the major source of phosphate fertilizer but is becoming increasingly limited in both developing and developed countries. The resources of phosphate rock need to be conserved, and import dependency on phosphate fertilizer needs to be minimized; this will help increase the availability of phosphate fertilizer over the next 300 yr. Climate change creates new challenges in the management of nutrients including P, affecting the overall production of crops. The availability, acquisition, and translocation of P are influenced by the fluctuation of temperatures, pH, drought, and elevated CO2 . Both lower and higher soil temperatures reduce uptake and translocation of P. High soil pH affects P concentration and decreases the rate of plant P uptake. Low soil pH decreases the activity of soil microorganisms, the rate of transpiration, and P uptake and utilization. Elevated CO2 decreases P uptake from soil by the plants. Future research is needed on chemical, molecular, microbiological, and physiological aspects to improve the understanding on how temperature, pH, drought, and elevated CO2 affect the availability, acquisition, and transport of P by plants. Better P management strategies are required to secure the P supply to ensure long-term protection of soil fertility and to avoid environmental impacts such as eutrophication and water pollution, ensuring sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Dep. of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin - 683104, Kalamassery, Kerala, India
| | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Dep. of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin - 683104, Kalamassery, Kerala, India
| | | | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College, Tirunelveli- 620002, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Takahashi Y, Wada S, Noguchi K, Miyake C, Makino A, Suzuki Y. Photochemistry of Photosystems II and I in Rice Plants Grown under Different N Levels at Normal and High Temperature. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1121-1130. [PMID: 33576433 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although N levels affect leaf photosynthetic capacity, the effects of N levels on the photochemistry of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI, respectively) are not well-understood. In the present study, we examined this aspect in rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Hitomebore') plants grown under three different N levels at normal or high temperatures that can occur during rice culture and do not severely suppress photosynthesis. At both growth temperatures, the quantum efficiency of PSII [Y(II)] and the fraction of the primary quinone electron acceptor in its oxidized state were positively correlated with the amount of total leaf-N, whereas the quantum yields of non-photochemical quenching and donor-side limitation of PSI [Y(ND)] were negatively correlated with the amount of total leaf-N. These changes in PSII and PSI parameters were strongly correlated with each other. Growth temperatures scarcely affected these relationships. These results suggest that the photochemistry of PSII and PSI is coordinately regulated primarily depending on the amount of total leaf-N. When excess light energy occurs in low N-acclimated plants, oxidation of the reaction center chlorophyll of PSI is thought to be stimulated to protect PSI from excess light energy. It is also suggested that PSII and PSI normally operate at high temperature used in the present study. In addition, as the relationships between Y(II) and Y(ND) were found to be almost identical to those observed in osmotically stressed rice plants, common regulation is thought to be operative when excess light energy occurs due to different causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572 Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
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29
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Sukhova E, Gromova E, Yudina L, Kior A, Vetrova Y, Ilin N, Mareev E, Vodeneev V, Sukhov V. Change in H + Transport across Thylakoid Membrane as Potential Mechanism of 14.3 Hz Magnetic Field Impact on Photosynthetic Light Reactions in Seedlings of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102207. [PMID: 34686016 PMCID: PMC8537839 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural and artificial extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELFMFs) are important factors influencing physiological processes in living organisms including terrestrial plants. Earlier, it was experimentally shown that short-term and long-term treatments by ELFMFs with Schumann resonance frequencies (7.8, 14.3, and 20.8 Hz) influenced parameters of photosynthetic light reactions in wheat leaves. The current work is devoted to an analysis of potential ways of this ELFMF influence on the light reactions. Only a short-term wheat treatment by 14.3 Hz ELFMF was used in the analysis. First, it was experimentally shown that ELFMF-induced changes (an increase in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, a decrease in the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, a decrease in time of changes in these parameters, etc.) were observed under the action of ELFMF with widely ranging magnitudes (from 3 to 180 µT). In contrast, the potential quantum yield of photosystem II and time of relaxation of the energy-dependent component of the non-photochemical quenching were not significantly influenced by ELFMF. Second, it was shown that the ELFMF treatment decreased the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. In contrast, the H+ conductivity increased under this treatment. Third, an analysis of the simplest mathematical model of an H+ transport across the thylakoid membrane, which was developed in this work, showed that changes in H+ fluxes related to activities of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and the H+-ATP synthase were not likely a mechanism of the ELFMF influence. In contrast, changes induced by an increase in an additional H+ flux (probably, through the proton leakage and/or through the H+/Ca2+ antiporter activity in the thylakoid membrane) were in good accordance with experimental results. Thus, we hypothesized that this increase is the mechanism of the 14.3 Hz ELFMF influence (and, maybe, influences of other low frequencies) on photosynthetic light reactions in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Gromova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Anastasiia Kior
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Yana Vetrova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Nikolay Ilin
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Evgeny Mareev
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.S.); (E.G.); (L.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.V.); (V.V.)
- Earth’s Electromagnetic Environment Laboratory, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.I.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-909-292-8653
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30
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Chadee A, Alber NA, Dahal K, Vanlerberghe GC. The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748204. [PMID: 34650584 PMCID: PMC8505746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts use light energy and a linear electron transport (LET) pathway for the coupled generation of NADPH and ATP. It is widely accepted that the production ratio of ATP to NADPH is usually less than required to fulfill the energetic needs of the chloroplast. Left uncorrected, this would quickly result in an over-reduction of the stromal pyridine nucleotide pool (i.e., high NADPH/NADP+ ratio) and under-energization of the stromal adenine nucleotide pool (i.e., low ATP/ADP ratio). These imbalances could cause metabolic bottlenecks, as well as increased generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Chloroplast cyclic electron transport (CET) and the chloroplast malate valve could each act to prevent stromal over-reduction, albeit in distinct ways. CET avoids the NADPH production associated with LET, while the malate valve consumes the NADPH associated with LET. CET could operate by one of two different pathways, depending upon the chloroplast ATP demand. The NADH dehydrogenase-like pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the pathway involving PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1). Similarly, the malate valve could couple with one of two different mitochondrial electron transport pathways, depending upon the cytosolic ATP demand. The cytochrome pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. In both Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, PGR5/PGRL1 pathway mutants have increased amounts of AOX, suggesting complementary roles for these two lesser-ATP yielding mechanisms of preventing stromal over-reduction. These two pathways may become most relevant under environmental stress conditions that lower the ATP demands for carbon fixation and carbohydrate export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A. Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Greg C. Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Anderson CM, Mattoon EM, Zhang N, Becker E, McHargue W, Yang J, Patel D, Dautermann O, McAdam SAM, Tarin T, Pathak S, Avenson TJ, Berry J, Braud M, Niyogi KK, Wilson M, Nusinow DA, Vargas R, Czymmek KJ, Eveland AL, Zhang R. High light and temperature reduce photosynthetic efficiency through different mechanisms in the C 4 model Setaria viridis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1092. [PMID: 34531541 PMCID: PMC8446033 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
C4 plants frequently experience high light and high temperature conditions in the field, which reduce growth and yield. However, the mechanisms underlying these stress responses in C4 plants have been under-explored, especially the coordination between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells. We investigated how the C4 model plant Setaria viridis responded to a four-hour high light or high temperature treatment at photosynthetic, transcriptomic, and ultrastructural levels. Although we observed a comparable reduction of photosynthetic efficiency in high light or high temperature treated leaves, detailed analysis of multi-level responses revealed important differences in key pathways and M/BS specificity responding to high light and high temperature. We provide a systematic analysis of high light and high temperature responses in S. viridis, reveal different acclimation strategies to these two stresses in C4 plants, discover unique light/temperature responses in C4 plants in comparison to C3 plants, and identify potential targets to improve abiotic stress tolerance in C4 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Becker
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jiani Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sunita Pathak
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom J Avenson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxwell Braud
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Ferguson JN, Tidy AC, Murchie EH, Wilson ZA. The potential of resilient carbon dynamics for stabilizing crop reproductive development and productivity during heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2066-2089. [PMID: 33538010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired carbon metabolism and reproductive development constrain crop productivity during heat stress. Reproductive development is energy intensive, and its requirement for respiratory substrates rises as associated metabolism increases with temperature. Understanding how these processes are integrated and the extent to which they contribute to the maintenance of yield during and following periods of elevated temperatures is important for developing climate-resilient crops. Recent studies are beginning to demonstrate links between processes underlying carbon dynamics and reproduction during heat stress, consequently a summation of research that has been reported thus far and an evaluation of purported associations are needed to guide and stimulate future research. To this end, we review recent studies relating to source-sink dynamics, non-foliar photosynthesis and net carbon gain as pivotal in understanding how to improve reproductive development and crop productivity during heat stress. Rapid and precise phenotyping during narrow phenological windows will be important for understanding mechanisms underlying these processes, thus we discuss the development of relevant high-throughput phenotyping approaches that will allow for more informed decision-making regarding future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
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Osei-Bonsu I, McClain AM, Walker BJ, Sharkey TD, Kramer DM. The roles of photorespiration and alternative electron acceptors in the responses of photosynthesis to elevated temperatures in cowpea. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2290-2307. [PMID: 33555066 PMCID: PMC11176259 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We explored the effects, on photosynthesis in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings, of high temperature and light-environmental stresses that often co-occur under field conditions and can have greater impact on photosynthesis than either by itself. We observed contrasting responses in the light and carbon assimilatory reactions, whereby in high temperature, the light reactions were stimulated while CO2 assimilation was substantially reduced. There were two striking observations. Firstly, the primary quinone acceptor (QA ), a measure of the regulatory balance of the light reactions, became more oxidized with increasing temperature, suggesting increased electron sink capacity, despite the reduced CO2 fixation. Secondly, a strong, O2 -dependent inactivation of assimilation capacity, consistent with down-regulation of rubisco under these conditions. The dependence of these effects on CO2 , O2 and light led us to conclude that both photorespiration and an alternative electron acceptor supported increased electron flow, and thus provided photoprotection under these conditions. Further experiments showed that the increased electron flow was maintained by rapid rates of PSII repair, particularly at combined high light and temperature. Overall, the results suggest that photodamage to the light reactions can be avoided under high light and temperatures by increasing electron sink strength, even when assimilation is strongly suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Osei-Bonsu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Horticulture Division, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alan M McClain
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Cheong KY, Firlar E, Ficaro L, Gorbunov MY, Kaelber JT, Falkowski PG. Saturation of thylakoid-associated fatty acids facilitates bioenergetic coupling in a marine diatom allowing for thermal acclimation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3133-3144. [PMID: 33749034 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a rapidly warming world, we ask, "What limits the potential of marine diatoms to acclimate to elevated temperatures?," a group of ecologically successful unicellular eukaryotic photoautotrophs that evolved in a cooler ocean and are critical to marine food webs. To this end, we examined thermal tolerance mechanisms related to photosynthesis in the sequenced and transformable model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Data from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fatty acid methyl ester-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (FAME-GCMS) suggest that saturating thylakoid-associated fatty acids allowed rapid (on the order of hours) thermal tolerance up to 28.5°C. Beyond this critical temperature, thylakoid ultrastructure became severely perturbed. Biophysical analyses revealed that electrochemical leakage through the thylakoid membranes was extremely sensitive to elevated temperature (Q10 of 3.5). Data suggest that the loss of the proton motive force (pmf) occurred even when heat-labile photosystem II (PSII) was functioning, and saturation of thylakoid-associated fatty acids was active. Indeed, growth was inhibited when leakage of pmf through thylakoid membranes was insufficiently compensated by proton input from PSII. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the importance of rapid saturation of thylakoid-associated fatty acids for ultrastructure maintenance and a generation of pmf at elevated temperatures. To the extent these experimental results apply, the ability of diatoms to generate a pmf may be a sensitive parameter for thermal sensitivity diagnosis in phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yu Cheong
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Emre Firlar
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers New Jersey Cryo-Electron Microscopy & Tomography Core Facility, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Lia Ficaro
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers New Jersey Cryo-Electron Microscopy & Tomography Core Facility, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Maxim Y Gorbunov
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jason T Kaelber
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers New Jersey Cryo-Electron Microscopy & Tomography Core Facility, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Paul G Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Sharkey TD. Pentose Phosphate Pathway Reactions in Photosynthesizing Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061547. [PMID: 34207480 PMCID: PMC8234502 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is divided into an oxidative branch that makes pentose phosphates and a non-oxidative branch that consumes pentose phosphates, though the non-oxidative branch is considered reversible. A modified version of the non-oxidative branch is a critical component of the Calvin–Benson cycle that converts CO2 into sugar. The reaction sequence in the Calvin–Benson cycle is from triose phosphates to pentose phosphates, the opposite of the typical direction of the non-oxidative PPP. The photosynthetic direction is favored by replacing the transaldolase step of the normal non-oxidative PPP with a second aldolase reaction plus sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase. This can be considered an anabolic version of the non-oxidative PPP and is found in a few situations other than photosynthesis. In addition to the strong association of the non-oxidative PPP with photosynthesis metabolism, there is recent evidence that the oxidative PPP reactions are also important in photosynthesizing cells. These reactions can form a shunt around the non-oxidative PPP section of the Calvin–Benson cycle, consuming three ATP per glucose 6-phosphate consumed. A constitutive operation of this shunt occurs in the cytosol and gives rise to an unusual labeling pattern of photosynthetic metabolites while an inducible shunt in the stroma may occur in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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36
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Doğru A. Effects of heat stress on photosystem II activity and antioxidant enzymes in two maize cultivars. PLANTA 2021; 253:85. [PMID: 33788056 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main reason for the maize genotype "DKC7221" to be heat tolerant is to have higher photosynthetic activity under heat stress conditions. The genotype "P3167" is sensitive to high temperature because of the heat-induced inhibition in photosynthetic electron transport reactions. In the present study, the effect of heat stress (45 ºC for 20 min) on some physiological changes was investigated through a chlorophyll afluorescence technique, and some endogenous resistance mechanisms (activities of some antioxidant enzymes, free proline, and reduced ascorbate contents) in two maize cultivars (Zea mays L. cvs. P3167 and DKC7221). Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements demonstrated that heat stress led to the reduction in the efficiency of the Hill reaction, accumulation of inactive reaction centers, inhibition of electron flow from reaction centers to the plastoquinone pool, and induction of non-photochemical dissipation of absorbed light energy. Changes in Φo/(1 - Φo), SFIABS and PIABS indicated that electron transport reactions in P3167 were almost completely inhibited by heat stress. In DKC7221, however, photosynthetic electron transport reactions were maintained under heat stress conditions. As a result of impairment in the photosynthetic efficiency in P3167 under heat stress, oxidative stress appeared as shown by lower antioxidant activity, accumulation of H2O2, malondialdehyde, and formazon and photooxidative injuries in chlorophyll pigments in the leaf tissue. DKC7221, on the other hand, had a higher antioxidant efficiency and lower oxidative damage under heat stress. FeSOD activity was found to be responsible for the dismutation of superoxide radicals in both maize genotypes under heat stress. As a result, it may be concluded that the genotype DKC7221 is more tolerant to heat stress than P3167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Doğru
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Sakarya University, Esentepe, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
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Source of 12C in Calvin-Benson cycle intermediates and isoprene emitted from plant leaves fed with 13CO2. Biochem J 2021; 477:3237-3252. [PMID: 32815532 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Feeding 14CO2 was crucial to uncovering the path of carbon in photosynthesis. Feeding 13CO2 to photosynthesizing leaves emitting isoprene has been used to develop hypotheses about the sources of carbon for the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway, which makes the precursors for terpene synthesis in chloroplasts and bacteria. Both photosynthesis and isoprene studies found that products label very quickly (<10 min) up to 80-90% but the last 10-20% of labeling requires hours indicating a source of 12C during photosynthesis and isoprene emission. Furthermore, studies with isoprene showed that the proportion of slow label could vary significantly. This was interpreted as a variable contribution of carbon from sources other than the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) feeding the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Here, we measured the degree of label in isoprene and photosynthetic metabolites 20 min after beginning to feed 13CO2. Isoprene labeling was the same as labeling of photosynthesis intermediates. High temperature reduced the label in isoprene and photosynthesis intermediates by the same amount indicating no role for alternative carbon sources for isoprene. A model assuming glucose, fructose, and/or sucrose reenters the CBC as ribulose 5-phosphate through a cytosolic shunt involving glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was consistent with the observations.
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OsCRP1, a Ribonucleoprotein Gene, Regulates Chloroplast mRNA Stability That Confers Drought and Cold Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041673. [PMID: 33562320 PMCID: PMC7915912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast ribonucleoproteins (cpRNPs) are nuclear-encoded and highly abundant proteins that are proposed to function in chloroplast RNA metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of chloroplast RNAs involved in stress tolerance are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that CHLOROPLAST RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (OsCRP1), a rice (Oryza sativa) cpRNP gene, is essential for stabilization of RNAs from the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex, which in turn enhances drought and cold stress tolerance. An RNA-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that OsCRP1 is associated with a set of chloroplast RNAs. Transcript profiling indicated that the mRNA levels of genes from the NDH complex significantly increased in the OsCRP1 overexpressing compared to non-transgenic plants, whereas the pattern in OsCRP1 RNAi plants were opposite. Importantly, the OsCRP1 overexpressing plants showed a higher cyclic electron transport (CET) activity, which is essential for elevated levels of ATP for photosynthesis. Additionally, overexpression of OsCRP1 resulted in significantly enhanced drought and cold stress tolerance with higher ATP levels compared to wild type. Thus, our findings suggest that overexpression of OsCRP1 stabilizes a set of mRNAs from genes of the NDH complex involved in increasing CET activity and production of ATP, which consequently confers enhanced drought and cold tolerance.
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Yang YJ, Tan SL, Sun H, Huang JL, Huang W, Zhang SB. Photosystem I is tolerant to fluctuating light under moderate heat stress in two orchids Dendrobium officinale and Bletilla striata. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110795. [PMID: 33487367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under natural field conditions, plants usually experience fluctuating light (FL) under moderate heat stress in summer. However, responses of photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) to such combined stresses are not well known. Furthermore, the role of water-water cycle (WWC) in photoprotection in FL under moderate heat stress is poorly understood. In this study, we examined chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state in FL at 42 °C in two orchids, Dendrobium officinale (with high WWC activity) and Bletilla striata (with low WWC activity). After FL treatment at 42 °C, PSI activity maintained stable while PSII activity decreased significantly in these two orchids. In D. officinale, the WWC could rapidly consume the excess excitation energy in PSI and thus avoided an over-reduction of PSI upon any increase in illumination. Therefore, in D. officinale, WWC likely protected PSI in FL at 42 °C. In B. striata, heat-induced PSII photoinhibition down-regulated electron flow from PSII and thus prevented an over-reduction of PSI after transition from low to high light. Consequently, in B. striata moderate PSII photoinhibition could protected PSI in FL at 42 °C. We conclude that, in addition to cyclic electron flow, WWC and PSII photoinhibition-repair cycle are two important strategies for preventing PSI photoinhibition in FL under moderate heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shun-Ling Tan
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Lin Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Babbar R, Karpinska B, Grover A, Foyer CH. Heat-Induced Oxidation of the Nuclei and Cytosol. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:617779. [PMID: 33510759 PMCID: PMC7835529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.617779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The concept that heat stress (HS) causes a large accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely accepted. However, the intracellular compartmentation of ROS accumulation has been poorly characterized. We therefore used redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP2) to provide compartment-specific information on heat-induced redox changes of the nuclei and cytosol of Arabidopsis leaf epidermal and stomatal guard cells. We show that HS causes a large increase in the degree of oxidation of both compartments, causing large shifts in the glutathione redox potentials of the cells. Heat-induced increases in the levels of the marker transcripts, heat shock protein (HSP)101, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)2 were maximal after 15 min of the onset of the heat treatment. RNAseq analysis of the transcript profiles of the control and heat-treated seedlings revealed large changes in transcripts encoding HSPs, mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors, and other nuclear localized components. We conclude that HS causes extensive oxidation of the nucleus as well as the cytosol. We propose that the heat-induced changes in the nuclear redox state are central to both genetic and epigenetic control of plant responses to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Babbar
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Yudina L, Sukhova E, Gromova E, Nerush V, Vodeneev V, Sukhov V. A light-induced decrease in the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) can be used to estimate the energy-dependent component of non-photochemical quenching under heat stress and soil drought in pea, wheat, and pumpkin. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:175-187. [PMID: 32043219 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The remote sensing of a plant's physiological state is a key problem of precision agriculture. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI), which is based on the intensities of the reflected light at 531 and 570 nm, is an important tool for the remote sensing of photosynthetic processes in plants. In particular, the PRI can be strongly connected with the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) and the quantum yield of photosystem II (ФPSII); however, this connection is dependent on illumination, the intensity of stressor actions, the time scale of measurements, etc. The aim of the present work was to analyze the connection of PRI with the energy-dependent component of NPQ (NPQF) and ФPSII under heating and soil drought conditions. Pea, wheat, and pumpkin seedlings, which were grown under controlled conditions, were investigated. A PAM fluorometer Dual-PAM-100 and spectrometer S-100 were used for measurements of photosynthetic parameters and PRI, respectively. It was shown that heat stress increased the NPQF and the magnitude of light-induced changes in PRI (ΔPRI) and decreased ФPSII in pea seedlings. The decreased ФPSII and increased ΔPRI were observed in wheat after heating, but significant changes in NPQF were absent; the significant decrease in ФPSII was observed in pumpkin seedlings, while there were no significant changes in the other parameters. ΔPRI and NPQF after heating were significantly correlated. However, a significant correlation of the absolute values of PRI with photosynthetic parameters was absent. The soil drought increased NPQF and the magnitude of ΔPRI and decreased ФPSII in peas. ΔPRI was strongly correlated with photosynthetic parameters, but this correlation was absent for the absolute value of PRI. Thus, ΔPRI is strongly connected with the magnitude of NPQF and can be used as an estimator of this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Ekaterina Gromova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Vladimir Nerush
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950.
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Ferguson JN, McAusland L, Smith KE, Price AH, Wilson ZA, Murchie EH. Rapid temperature responses of photosystem II efficiency forecast genotypic variation in rice vegetative heat tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:839-855. [PMID: 32777163 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A key target for the improvement of Oryza sativa (rice) is the development of heat-tolerant varieties. This necessitates the development of high-throughput methodologies for the screening of heat tolerance. Progress has been made to this end via visual scoring and chlorophyll fluorescence; however, these approaches demand large infrastructural investments to expose large populations of adult plants to heat stress. To address this bottleneck, we investigated the response of the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) to rapidly increasing temperatures in excised leaf segments of juvenile rice plants. Segmented models explained the majority of the observed variation in response. Coefficients from these models, i.e. critical temperature (Tcrit ) and the initial response (m1 ), were evaluated for their usability for forecasting adult heat tolerance, measured as the vegetative heat tolerance of adult rice plants through visual (stay-green) and chlorophyll fluorescence (ɸPSII) approaches. We detected substantial variation in heat tolerance of a randomly selected set of indica rice varieties. Both Tcrit and m1 were associated with measured heat tolerance in adult plants, highlighting their usability as high-throughput proxies. Variation in heat tolerance was associated with daytime respiration but not with photosynthetic capacity, highlighting a role for the non-photorespiratory release of CO2 in heat tolerance. To date, this represents the first published instance of genetic variation in these key gas-exchange traits being quantified in response to heat stress in a diverse set of rice accessions. These results outline an efficient strategy for screening heat tolerance and accentuate the need to focus on reduced rates of respiration to improve heat tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kellie E Smith
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Adam H Price
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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Yanhui C, Hongrui W, Beining Z, Shixing G, Zihan W, Yue W, Huihui Z, Guangyu S. Elevated air temperature damage to photosynthetic apparatus alleviated by enhanced cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in tobacco leaves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111136. [PMID: 32798755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High temperature can lead to increased production of excess light energy, thus reducing photosynthetic capacity in plants. Photosynthetic cyclic electron flow (CEF) in photosystem I (PSI) can effectively protect photosystems, but its physiological mechanism under high temperature is poorly understood. In this study, antimycin A (AA) and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) were used to inhibit PGR5-and NDH-dependent CEF pathways, respectively, to reveal the photoprotective functions of CEF for PSII in tobacco leaves under high temperature stress (37 °C, HT). High temperatures caused decreases in maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) and damaged photosystem II (PSII) in tobacco leaves. Under AA inhibition of PGR5-dependent CEF, high temperature increased the fluorescence intensity of point O (Fo) in OJIP curves, i.e., the energy absorption per active reaction center (ABS/RC), the trapping rate of the reaction center (TRo/RC), and the electron transport efficiency per reaction center (ETo/RC) in tobacco leaves. High temperature induced an increase in the hydrogen peroxide content and a decrease in pigment content in tobacco leaves. Under the high temperature treatment, inhibition of PGR5-dependent CEF reduced the activities of the PSII reaction center significantly, destroyed the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), and impeded photosynthetic electron transfer from PSII to the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in tobacco leaves. The TTFA treatment inhibited the NDH-dependent pathway under high temperature conditions, with the relative fluorescence intensity of point I (VI) decreased significantly, and the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion increased significantly. Additionally, Fo and the redox degree of the PSII donor side (Wk) increased, and pigment content decreased compared to the control, but with little change compared to high temperature treatment, indicating that the inhibition of the NDH-dependent pathway directly weakened the capacity of the PQ pool to lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tobacco leaves. In conclusion, CEF alleviated damage to the photosynthetic apparatus in tobacco leaves by increasing PSII heat dissipation, reducing ROS production, and maintaining the stability of the PQ pool to accommodate photosynthetic electron flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Yanhui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wang Hongrui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhang Beining
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Gao Shixing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wang Zihan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhang Huihui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sun Guangyu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Zhang D, Xu J, Bao M, Yan D, Beer S, Beardall J, Gao K. Elevated CO 2 concentration alleviates UVR-induced inhibition of photosynthetic light reactions and growth in an intertidal red macroalga. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 213:112074. [PMID: 33152637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The commercially important red macroalga Pyropia (formerly Porphyra) yezoensis is, in its natural intertidal environment, subjected to high levels of both photosynthetically active and ultraviolet radiation (PAR and UVR, respectively). In the present work, we investigated the effects of a plausibly increased global CO2 concentration on quantum yields of photosystems II (PSII) and I (PSI), as well as photosynthetic and growth rates of P. yezoensis grown under natural solar irradiance regimes with or without the presence of UV-A and/or UV-B. Our results showed that the high-CO2 treatment (~1000 μbar, which also caused a drop of 0.3 pH units in the seawater) significantly increased both CO2 assimilation rates (by 35%) and growth (by 18%), as compared with ambient air of ~400 μbar CO2. The inhibition of growth by UV-A (by 26%) was reduced to 15% by high-CO2 concentration, while the inhibition by UV-B remained at ~6% under both CO2 concentrations. Homologous results were also found for the maximal relative photosynthetic electron transport rates (rETRmax), the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), as well as the midday decrease in effective quantum yield of PSII (YII) and concomitant increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). A two-way ANOVA analysis showed an interaction between CO2 concentration and irradiance quality, reflecting that UVR-induced inhibition of both growth and YII were alleviated under the high-CO2 treatment. Contrary to PSII, the effective quantum yield of PSI (YI) showed higher values under high-CO2 condition, and was not significantly affected by the presence of UVR, indicating that it was well protected from this radiation. Both the elevated CO2 concentration and presence of UVR significantly induced UV-absorbing compounds. These results suggest that future increasing CO2 conditions will be beneficial for photosynthesis and growth of P. yezoensis even if UVR should remain at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361105, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Menglin Bao
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361105, China
| | - Sven Beer
- Department of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361105, China; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361105, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Emerging research in plant photosynthesis. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:137-150. [PMID: 32573736 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis involves capturing light energy and, most often, converting it to chemical energy stored as reduced carbon. It is the source of food, fuel, and fiber and there is a resurgent interest in basic research on photosynthesis. Plants make excellent use of visible light energy; leaves are ideally suited to optimize light use by having a large area per amount of material invested and also having leaf angles to optimize light utilization. It is thought that plants do not use green light but in fact they use green light better than blue light under some conditions. Leaves also have mechanisms to protect against excess light and how these work in a stochastic light environment is currently a very active area of current research. The speed at which photosynthesis can begin when leaves are first exposed to light and the speed of induction of protective mechanisms, as well as the speed at which protective mechanisms dissipate when light levels decline, have recently been explored. Research is also focused on reducing wasteful processes such as photorespiration, when oxygen instead of carbon dioxide is used. Some success has been reported in altering the path of carbon in photorespiration but on closer inspection there appears to be unforeseen effects contributing to the good news. The stoichiometry of interaction of light reactions with carbon metabolism is rigid and the time constants vary tremendously presenting large challenges to regulatory mechanisms. Regulatory mechanisms will be the topic of photosynthesis research for some time to come.
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Exogenous Abscisic Acid Can Influence Photosynthetic Processes in Peas through a Decrease in Activity of H +-ATP-ase in the Plasma Membrane. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100324. [PMID: 33020382 PMCID: PMC7650568 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Numerous stressors (drought, low and high temperatures, mechanical damages, etc.) act on plants under environmental conditions, suppressing their physiological processes (in particular, photosynthesis). Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone, which participates in increasing plant tolerance to the action of stressors; as a result, treatment by exogenous ABA is a perspective way of regulating the tolerance in agriculture. We investigated the influence of ABA spraying on photosynthetic processes, as well as on their heat tolerance and their regulation by electrical signals propagating after local burning and modifying photosynthesis. It was shown that ABA spraying decreased photosynthetic activity and increased photosynthetic heat tolerance; additionally, the ABA treatment weakened the influence of electrical signals on photosynthesis. We revealed that these responses could be caused by a decrease in activity of H+-ATP-ase, which is an important ion transporter in plant cell plasma membrane that supports efflux of H+ from cytoplasm. As a whole, our results show the potential influence of the ABA treatment on photosynthetic processes, which is related to a decrease in activity of H+-ATP-ase. The result can be potentially useful for development of new methods of management of plant tolerance in agriculture. Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone in plants that participates in their acclimation to the action of stressors. Treatment by exogenous ABA and its synthetic analogs are a potential way of controlling the tolerance of agricultural plants; however, the mechanisms of influence of the ABA treatment on photosynthetic processes require further investigations. The aim of our work was to investigate the participation of inactivation of the plasma membrane H+-ATP-ase on the influence of ABA treatment on photosynthetic processes and their regulation by electrical signals in peas. The ABA treatment of seedlings was performed by spraying them with aqueous solutions (10−5 M). The combination of a Dual-PAM-100 PAM fluorometer and GFS-3000 infrared gas analyzer was used for photosynthetic measurements; the patch clamp system on the basis of a SliceScope Pro 2000 microscope was used for measurements of electrical activity. It was shown that the ABA treatment stimulated the cyclic electron flow around photosystem I and decreased the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, the amplitude of burning-induced electrical signals (variation potentials), and the magnitude of photosynthetic responses relating to these signals; in contrast, treatment with exogenous ABA increased the heat tolerance of photosynthesis. An investigation of the influence of ABA treatment on the metabolic component of the resting potential showed that this treatment decreased the activity of the H+-ATP-ase in the plasma membrane. Inhibitor analysis using sodium orthovanadate demonstrated that this decrease may be a mechanism of the ABA treatment-induced changes in photosynthetic processes, their heat tolerance, and regulation by electrical signals.
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Tan SL, Yang YJ, Huang W. Moderate heat stress accelerates photoinhibition of photosystem I under fluctuating light in tobacco young leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:373-382. [PMID: 32333230 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moderate heat stress and fluctuating light are typical conditions in summer in tropical and subtropical regions. This type of stress can cause photodamage to photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). However, photosynthetic responses to the combination of heat and fluctuating light in young leaves are little known. In this study, we investigated chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state under fluctuating light at 25 °C and 42 °C in young leaves of tobacco. Our results indicated that fluctuating light caused selective photodamage to PSI in the young leaves at 25 °C and 42 °C. Furthermore, the moderate heat stress significantly accelerated photoinhibition of PSI under fluctuating light. Within the first 10 s after transition from low to high light, cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI was highly stimulated at 25 °C but was slightly activated at 42 °C. Such depression of CEF activation at moderate heat stress were unable to maintain energy balance under high light. As a result, electron flow from PSI to NADP+ was restricted, leading to the over-reduction of PSI electron carriers. These results indicated that moderate heat stress altered the CEF performance under fluctuating light and thus accelerated PSI photoinhibition in tobacco young leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ling Tan
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Lu J, Yin Z, Lu T, Yang X, Wang F, Qi M, Li T, Liu Y. Cyclic electron flow modulate the linear electron flow and reactive oxygen species in tomato leaves under high temperature. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110387. [PMID: 32005392 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) plays a crucial role in photosynthesis and also functions in plant tolerance of abiotic environmental stress. However, the role of PGR5/PGRL1- and NDH-dependent CEF in tomato under hightemperature (HT) is poorly understood. Here, we assessed the photoprotective effect of these pathways in tomato leaves under HT by using antimycin A (AA) and rotenone (R), which are chemical inhibitors of PGR5/PGRL1- and NDH-dependent CEF, respectively. The results showed that AA treatment caused significantly greater inhibition of CEF under HT compared to R treatment. Moreover, AA treatment caused a greater decrease in maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) and increased damage to the donor and acceptor side of photosystem II (PSII); however, the limitation of the acceptor side in PSI [Y(NA)] was significantly increased. In addition, thylakoid membrane integrity was compromised and reactive oxygen species, proton gradient (ΔpH), antioxidant enzyme activity, and the expression of photosystem core subunit genes were significantly decreased under AA treatment. These findings indicate that PGR5/PGRL1-dependent CEF protects PSII and PSI from photooxidative damage through the formation of ΔpH while maintaining thylakoid membrane integrity and normal gene expression levels of core photosystem components. This study demonstrates that PGR5/PGRL1-dependent CEF plays a major role in HT response in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zepeng Yin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Tan SL, Yang YJ, Liu T, Zhang SB, Huang W. Responses of photosystem I compared with photosystem II to combination of heat stress and fluctuating light in tobacco leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110371. [PMID: 32005377 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Moderate heat stress is usually accompanied with fluctuating light in summer. Although either heat stress or fluctuating light can cause photoinhibition of photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII), it is unclear whether moderate heat stress accelerate photoinhibition under fluctuating light. Here, we measured chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 redox state and the electrochromic shift signal under fluctuating light at 25 °C and 42 °C for tobacco leaves. We found that (1) the thylakoid proton conductance was significantly enhanced at 42 °C, leading to a decline in trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH); (2) this low ΔpH at 42 °C did not decrease donor-side limitation of PSI and thermal energy dissipation in PSII; (3) the activation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI was elevated at 42 °C; and (4) the moderate heat stress did not accelerate photoinhibition of PSI and PSII under fluctuating light. These results strongly indicate that under moderate heat stress the stimulation of CEF protects PSI under fluctuating light in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ling Tan
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Wang F, Yan J, Ahammed GJ, Wang X, Bu X, Xiang H, Li Y, Lu J, Liu Y, Qi H, Qi M, Li T. PGR5/PGRL1 and NDH Mediate Far-Red Light-Induced Photoprotection in Response to Chilling Stress in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:669. [PMID: 32547581 PMCID: PMC7270563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants experience low ambient temperature and low red to far-red ratios (L-R/FR) of light due to vegetative shading and longer twilight durations in cool seasons. Low temperature induce photoinhibition through inactivation of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, the role of light quality on photoprotection during cold stress remains poorly understood. Here, we report that L-R/FR significantly prevents the overreduction of the entire intersystem electron transfer chain and the limitation of photosystem I (PSI) acceptor side, eventually alleviating the cold-induced photoinhibition. During cold stress, L-R/FR activated cyclic electron flow (CEF), enhanced protonation of PSII subunit S (PsbS) and de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, and promoted energy-dependent quenching (qE) component of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), enzyme activity of Foyer-Halliwell-Asada cycle and D1 proteins accumulation. However, L-R/FR -induced photoprotection pathways were compromised in tomato PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1A (PGRL1A) co-silenced plants and NADH DEHYDROGENASE-LIKE COMPLEX M (NDHM) -silenced plants during cold stress. Our results demonstrate that both PGR5/PGRL1- and NDH-dependent CEF mediate L-R/FR -induced cold tolerance by enhancing the thermal dissipation and the repair of photodamaged PSII, thereby mitigating the overreduction of electron carriers and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The study indicates that there is an anterograde link between photoreception and photoprotection in tomato plants during cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Wang, ;
| | - Jiarong Yan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Bu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hengzuo Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiazhi Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Tianlai Li,
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