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Moon HG, Bae S, Lee HJ, Chae Y, Kang W, Min J, Kim HM, Seo JS, Heo JD, Hyun M, Kim S. Assessment of potential environmental and human risks for Bisphenol AF contaminant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116598. [PMID: 38896897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is found in high concentrations in aquatic environments due to the increased use of thermal paper and food packaging. However, there have been relatively few toxicological studies and potential risk assessments of BPAF. In this study, the risk quotient (RQ) and hazard quotient (HQ) of BPAF were derived to present the safety standards for environmental risk management and protection in lakes, rivers, bays, and Italian regions. We applied the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method based on the previous ecotoxicological data and the results of supplementary toxicity tests on BPAF. From the SSD curves, the hazardous concentration for 5 % of the species (HC5) values for the acute and chronic toxicity data were 464.75 µg/L and 3.59 µg/L, respectively, and the acute- and chronic-based predicted no-effect concentration were derived as 154.92 µg/L and 1.20 µg/L, respectively. The acute-based RQ (RQA)values of BPAF in all regions were negligible (RQ < 0.1). The chronic-based RQ (RQC) in the Xitang River (XR) and the Central Italy (CI) showed a considerably high ecological risk (12.77 and 1.29) and the Hangzhou Bay (0.21), the South and North Italy (0.79 and 0.27), and the Tamagawa River (0.13) had a medium ecological risk (0.1 < RQ < 1.0). However, the HQ values based on the tolerable daily intake for BPAF over all age groups in these regions was < 0.1, indicating the low health risk. Nonetheless, the result of this study indicates that BPAF contamination is serious in XR and CI, and their use and emissions require continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hi Gyu Moon
- Environmental Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhee Bae
- Environmental Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooeun Chae
- Environmental Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonman Kang
- Environmental Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Min
- Environmental Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Environmental Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Seo
- Environmental Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Environmental Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
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Ugwu CE, Igbokwe AM, Suru SM, Dike CC, Mbachu AN, Maduka HCC. Evaluating the human health risks of heavy metal contamination in copper and steel factory effluents in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:614-621. [PMID: 38873036 PMCID: PMC11170439 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination above permissible limits poses a risk to human health. The study evaluated the health risk (cancer and non-cancer) of exposure to copper (Cu) and steel factory wastes on water samples near the factory based on the hazard quotient (HQ) derived from the HM concentrations. Triplicate water samples were collected by purposive sampling and their concentrations of selected HMs [Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cd] were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The health risks were determined from the concentrations of HMs in water samples ingested orally. The range concentrations were [Fe, 0.074-0.178], [Pb, 0.011-0.013], [Cd, 0.005-0.02], and [Mn, 0.023-0.045] which were above the reference values set by World Health Organization. The contribution of the individual metal to the chronic daily intake (CDI) in the three samples are Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu. In the three different samples, the CDI for Mg was highest in the factory borehole [0.15523]. Comparing the CDI values from the three different collection points, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe were highest from the factory effluent. Mg contributed the highest HQ [5.46307] in all the water samples, followed by Pb [3.87618] and then Cd[2.64009], which reflect their significantly high hazard indices observed. The incremental life cancer risk [ILCR] via ingestion showed that the cancer risk resulting from Cd in the different sources demands attention. The factory effluent recorded the highest mean levels of the metals analyzed, which were higher than the permissible limits. Magnesium contributed the highest non-cancer risk, while Cd had the highest cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidiebere Emmanuel Ugwu
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Adaolisa Milicent Igbokwe
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Monday Suru
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chijioke Charles Dike
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Amara Nancy Mbachu
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Hugh Cliford Chima Maduka
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Ali A, Ullah Z, Ismaeel N, Rashid A, Khalid W, Siddique M, Iqbal J, Khan A, Waqas M, Ghani J. Integrated Approach to Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Major Industrial Zone of Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34396-34414. [PMID: 38702486 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination with arsenic (As) is a significant concern in Pakistan's Punjab Province. This study analyzed 69 groundwater samples from Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, and Multan to understand hydrogeochemistry, health impacts, contamination sources, and drinking suitability. Results revealed varying as concentrations across districts, with distinctive cation and anion orders. Faisalabad exhibited Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Fe2+ for cations and SO42- > Cl- > HCO3- > NO3- > F- for anions. Gujranwala showed Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- for anions. In Lahore, demonstrated: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Fe > K+ for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- for anions. Multan indicated K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > Fe for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > F- > NO3- ) for anions. Hydrochemical facies were identified as CaHCO3 and CaMgCl types. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), highlighted the influence of natural processes and human activities on groundwater pollution. Water Quality Index (WQI) result reveal that most samples met water quality standards. The carcinogenic risk values for children exceeded permissible limits in all districts, emphasizing a significant cancer risk. The study highlights the need for rigorous monitoring to mitigate (As) contamination and protect public health from associated hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ali
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Zahid Ullah
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Nayab Ismaeel
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Abdur Rashid
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Warda Khalid
- Environmental Protection Division, Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd, Zijin Road, Zijin TowerShanghang, 364200, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19120, Pakistan
- Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Battisti I, Trentin AR, Franzolin E, Nicoletto C, Masi A, Renella G. Uptake and distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances by grafted tomato plants cultivated in a contaminated site in northern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170032. [PMID: 38220022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent and mobile pollutants raising alarming concerns due to their capability to accumulate in living organisms and exert toxic effects on human health. We studied the accumulation of different PFAS in the leaves and fruits of tomato plants grown on a PFAS-polluted soil in North-East Italy. Tomato plants were grafted with different rootstocks characterized by different vigor, and irrigated with PFAS-polluted groundwater. Leaves and fruits of the first and sixth truss were analyzed at full plant maturity. All tomato varieties accumulated PFAS in leaves and fruits, with the highest concentrations detected in the most vigorous rootstock and reflecting the PFAS concentration profile of the irrigation water. PFAS with a chain length from 4 to 8 C atoms and with carboxylic and sulfonic functional groups were detected in plant leaves, whereas only carboxylic C4, C5, and C6 PFAS were detected in tomato fruits. A general trend of decreasing PFAS concentrations in fruits upon increasing height of the plant trusses was observed. Calculation of the target hazard quotient (THQ) showed increasing values depending on the plant vigor. The hazard index (HI) values showed values slightly higher than 1 for the most vigorous plants, indicating potential risks to human health associated with the consumption of contaminated tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Trentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Emma Franzolin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Carlo Nicoletto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
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Hu C, Liu Y, Fang X, Zhou Z, Yu Y, Sun Y, Shui B. Assessing heavy metal pollution in sediments from the northern margin of Chinese mangrove areas: Sources, ecological risks, and health impacts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116069. [PMID: 38335629 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid economic development of coastal cities, the discharge of substantial amounts of heavy metal pollutants poses a serious hazard to mangroves; however, the potential sources of heavy metals and the resulting health risks are not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the contents, sources, and ecological and health risks of heavy metal contamination in mangrove sediments from the northern margin of China. The accumulation of heavy metals in mangroves was primarily driven by five potential sources, namely agricultural (33.5 %), natural sources (21.3 %), industrial (19.1 %), aquaculture (14.3 %), and traffic (11.8 %). The assessment of health risks using a probabilistic approach demonstrated that noncarcinogenic risks were within acceptable limits for all populations. It was worth noting that both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were greater in children than in adults. Analysis of source-oriented health risks revealed that agricultural sources and As and Cd were priority sources and elements of pollution requiring attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Hu
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yongtian Liu
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xuehe Fang
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zeyu Zhou
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yiyi Sun
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bonian Shui
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Moradnia M, Attar HM, Hajizadeh Y, Lundh T, Salari M, Darvishmotevalli M. Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metals in the drinking water of Isfahan, Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5029. [PMID: 38424133 PMCID: PMC10904872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metals are significant contributors to water pollution, posing serious threats to human health. This study aims to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with metals in Isfahan drinking water. Eighty water samples were randomly collected from the city's distribution network between January and March 2020-2021. Inductively coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure toxic metals, namely Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Results revealed that the mean concentration of Ni (70.03 µg/L) exceeded the WHO reference value (70 µg/L), while the other metals were below the standard values. The average chronic daily intake order of toxic metals was Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment through hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) demonstrated that both THI for adults (HQingestion + HQdermal = 4.02E-03) and THI for children (HIingestion + HIdermal = 3.83E-03) were below the acceptable limit (less than 1). This indicated no non-carcinogenic risk to residents through water ingestion or dermal exposure. However, findings indicated that the ingestion route was the primary exposure pathway, with HQ values for ingestion exceeding HQ values for dermal adsorption. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk associated with As metal exceeded the acceptable limit (1 × 10-6). Therefore, implementing treatment improvement programs and appropriate control measures is essential to safeguard the health of Isfahan City residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradnia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hossein Movahedian Attar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Salari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishmotevalli
- Research Center for Health, Safety, and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Sakizadeh M, Zhang C, Milewski A. Spatial distribution pattern and health risk of groundwater contamination by cadmium, manganese, lead and nitrate in groundwater of an arid area. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:80. [PMID: 38367130 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Combining the results of base models to create a meta-model is one of the ensemble approaches known as stacking. In this study, stacking of five base learners, including eXtreme gradient boosting, random forest, feed-forward neural networks, generalized linear models with Lasso or Elastic Net regularization, and support vector machines, was used to study the spatial variation of Mn, Cd, Pb, and nitrate in Qom-Kahak Aquifers, Iran. The stacking strategy proved to be an effective substitute predictor for existing machine learning approaches due to its high accuracy and stability when compared to individual learners. Contrarily, there was not any best-performing base model for all of the involved parameters. For instance, in the case of cadmium, random forest produced the best results, with adjusted R2 and RMSE of 0.108 and 0.014, as opposed to 0.337 and 0.013 obtained by the stacking method. The Mn and Cd showed a tight link with phosphate by the redundancy analysis (RDA). This demonstrates the effect of phosphate fertilizers on agricultural operations. In order to analyze the causes of groundwater pollution, spatial methodologies can be used with multivariate analytic techniques, such as RDA, to help uncover hidden sources of contamination that would otherwise go undetected. Lead has a larger health risk than nitrate, according to the probabilistic health risk assessment, which found that 34.4% and 6.3% of the simulated values for children and adults, respectively, were higher than HQ = 1. Furthermore, cadmium exposure risk affected 84% of children and 47% of adults in the research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Sakizadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan, 1678815811, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health (INEH), School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adam Milewski
- Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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Ran Z, Wang B, Zhang SY. Associations of exposure to metals with total and allergen-specific IgE: An NHANES analysis (2005-2006). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167385. [PMID: 37777136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a diagnostic biomarker for allergic diseases. While some metal exposure has been found to be associated with allergic diseases, there are still a lot of knowledge gaps regarding the relationship between metal exposure and allergen-specific IgE antibodies, particularly in adults. METHODS We included a total of 1433 adult participants from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), all of whom had concentrations of 10 metals (including Barium (Ba), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Cesium (Cs), Molybdenum (Mo), Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Thallium (Tl), Tungsten (Tu), and Uranium (Ur)) in urine, as well as measurements of 19 allergen-specific IgE and total IgE antibodies. Linear regression, logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to estimate associations between metals and total and allergen-specific IgE. RESULTS Linear regression models revealed a positive correlation between Pb and Cd levels and the total IgE levels. Furthermore, the WQS and BKMR models suggested a positive association between mixed metals and total IgE levels, with the WQS model highlighting Pb and Cd as the major contributors. Logistic regression models showed positive correlations between Pb and food sensitization, Ur and plant sensitization, negative correlations between Cs and plant sensitization, Co and dust mite and pet sensitization, Mo and dust mite and cockroach sensitization, and Tl and mold sensitization. Moreover, the BKMR results indicated a statistically significant negative correlation between mixed metals and mold sensitization. CONCLUSION According to the research findings, exposure to metals is associated with total and allergen-specific IgE in American adults. Further assessment of these relationships is necessary in representative populations of other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujie Ran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shu-Yun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
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Oluwasanya G, Omoniyi A, Perera D, Layi-Adigun B, Thuy L, Qadir M. Water quality, WASH, and gender: differential impacts on health and well-being in Abeokuta City, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1255. [PMID: 37773234 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
It is often assumed that humans experience the effect of poor water quality like multiple health and socioeconomic impacts in the same way. But these impacts are not gender neutral due to inequalities caused by physiological composition, age marginalization, and socioeconomic conditions, among others. A mixed method, comprising water quality assessment, a survey of 456 individuals, and medical record collection, was applied to examine the differential impacts of water quality and WASH practices in Abeokuta City, Nigeria. The assessment shows that without point-of-use water treatment, the water sources in the area are not safe for potable purposes, as the waters are hard in the sequence of borehole > surface water > hand-dug well > sachet water, with elevated levels of calcium (> 75 mg/L) and not free from microbial contamination. Among the area population segments, men and boys (relative to women and girls) may be more susceptible (55%) to the compounding health effects associated with the hardness and high calcium concentration in water. Girls are the most affected by the associated impacts of water collection. Men and boys are more vulnerable to the consequences of poor hygiene, while women are more susceptible to the health effects of toilet cleaning and the sharing of sanitation facilities, among others. We conclude that there are differential impacts of unsafe water, WASH services, and practices on human health. Gendered statistics through sex-disaggregated data is crucial to unmasking the differential impacts, which are neither gender neutral nor evenly distributed between women and men, and boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Oluwasanya
- United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Geography and Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Federal University of Agriculture, (FUNAAB), Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | | | - Duminda Perera
- United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Geography and Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Laurens Thuy
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Water Assessment Programme (UNESCO WWAP), Perugia, Italy
| | - Manzoor Qadir
- United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Geography and Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Obiora DN, Omeje ET, Okeke FN, Ibuot JC. Groundwater pollution and risk assessment using indexed-based models: a case study of Igbo-Etiti area, eastern Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:999. [PMID: 37495749 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the most abundant resources on earth not evenly distributed. Due to the high shortage of water sources in Igbo-Etiti and intensive agricultural practices in the area, assessment of groundwater pollution and its potential risk to contamination is imperative, as its remediation when contaminated is extremely challenging. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) and physicochemical analysis were carried out in twenty (20) locations and five groundwater samples, respectively, with the aim to evaluate the groundwater pollution indices and the ecological and human health risk associated with its pollution. The VES results delineated five geologic layers and ten characteristic curve types. The fourth layer with the aid of the VES results constrained by the borehole lithologic information on the water bearing geologic unit was delineated as the major exploitable aquifer layer. Results of groundwater vulnerability to pollution classified the area into low (15%), moderate (60%), and high (20%) vulnerability. Physicochemical analysis results on the studied groundwater revealed acidic (pH 4.6) to alkaline (pH 7.2) groundwater conditions. Pollution index of groundwater results delineated a moderate to very high pollution index, with cadmium and arsenic consistently identified as the heavy metals contaminating the groundwater. Ecological risk assessment revealed a moderate to very high integrated potential ecological risk, while human health risk results delineated a target hazard index greater than one in all the studied groundwater samples. This study will serve as a guide to the residents and society in sustainable development decision-making that will preserve the quality of the study area groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Obiora
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel T Omeje
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Francisca N Okeke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Johnson C Ibuot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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11
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Aromolaran OK, Aromolaran O, Faleye ET, Faerber H. Environmental impacts of an unlined municipal solid waste landfill on groundwater and surface water quality in Ibadan, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3585-3616. [PMID: 36454339 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and public health concerns grow on the interaction of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachates from unlined waste disposal sites with aquifers in many developing countries. This study investigated the environmental pollution impacts of an unlined MSW landfill at Ajakanga area, Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Analytical studies indicated that the concentrations of NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, NH4-, Cl-, Na, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Mo in the leachate samples exceeded the WHO wastewater discharge limits. Hydrochemical parameters of the groundwater and surface water were within WHO allowable thresholds, except for EC, TDS, Fe, Mn, and Pb in the groundwater and Pb, Cd, and Cu in the surface water, indicating major geogenic and minor MSW leachate impacts on the groundwater and surface water chemistry. Bacteria found in the leachate include Enterobacter cloacae (16.67%), Pseudomonas spp. (14.28%) and Bacillus spp. (9.52%). The geoelectrical imaging data indicated substratum leachate infiltration greater than 10 m deep, which is consistent with the low resistivity values of the topsoil-weathered basement layers. The health risk assessment showed high hazardous index values, indicating health risks of Mn, Cd and Pb in the surface water for the residents around Ajakanga landfill. Hydrochemical data indicated greater impact of the MSW leachates on the surface water than the groundwater, while geophysical data showed greater propensity of the surrounding aquifer to leachate interaction through fractured basement zone with increasing abstraction. Waste site closure and hydrochemical monitoring are suggested measures to mitigate environmental pollution in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olukemi Aromolaran
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University Iwo, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel Temitope Faleye
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Harald Faerber
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Ren X, Zhang H, Xie G, Hu Y, Tian X, Gao D, Guo S, Li A, Chen S. New insights into pollution source analysis using receptor models in the upper Yangtze river basin: Effects of land use on source identification and apportionment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:138967. [PMID: 37211163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To effectively control pollution and improve water quality, it is essential to accurately analyze the potential pollution sources in rivers. The study proposes a hypothesis that land use can influence the identification and apportionment of pollution sources and tested it in two areas with different types of water pollution and land use. The redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the response mechanisms of water quality to land use differed among regions. In both regions, the results indicated that the water quality response relationship to land use provided important objective evidence for pollution source identification, and the RDA tool optimized the procedure of source analysis for receptor models. Positive matrix decomposition (PMF) and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor models identified five and four pollution sources along with their corresponding characteristic parameters. PMF attributed agricultural nonpoint sources (23.8%) and domestic wastewater (32.7%) as the major sources in regions 1 and 2, respectively, while APCS-MLR identified mixed sources in both regions. In terms of model performance parameters, PMF demonstrated better-fit coefficients (R2) than APCS-MLR and had a lower error rate and proportion of unidentified sources. The results show that considering the effect of land use in the source analysis can overcome the subjectivity of the receptor model and improve the accuracy of pollution source identification and apportionment. The results of the study can help managers clarify the priorities of pollution prevention and control, and provide a new methodology for water environment management in similar watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingnian Ren
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yuansi Hu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Science, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dongdong Gao
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Science, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Shanshan Guo
- China 19th Metallurgical Corporation, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ailian Li
- College of Environment Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sikai Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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13
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Phan K, Kim KW. Health risk assessment of trace elements in the Tonle Sap Great Lake and the Tonle Sap River in Cambodia during the rainy season. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:547-559. [PMID: 37254904 PMCID: wh_2023_222 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential health risk of trace elements in the Tonle Sap Great Lake system, lake (n = 37) and river (n = 14) water samples were collected and analyzed for 19 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, U and Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. As a result, Cd was not detected in any river and lake water samples. Al, Fe and Mn in lake water exceeded the regulation limits of Cambodia, USEPA and WHO. Health risk assessment using the USEPA model indicated that male and female Cambodian residents are at minimal risk of non-carcinogenic effects from single and mixed trace elements through lake and river water consumption. Nevertheless, As, Tl, Co, Ba, Mn and Cr might pose high potential health risks to consumers which requires more attention. Therefore, regular monitoring and further studies are required to investigate the pollution trends and toxic behavior of these trace elements in the Tonle Sap Great Lake system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkea Phan
- Research and Development Unit, Cambodian Chemical Society, Street 598, Phnom Penh, Cambodia E-mail: ; Faculty of Science and Technology, International University, Phnom Penh 120801, Cambodia
| | - Kyoung-Woong Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic Of Korea
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14
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Şener E, Şener Ş, Varol S. Appraisal of groundwater quality with WQI and human health risk assessment in Karamık wetland and surroundings (Afyonkarahisar/Turkey). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1499-1523. [PMID: 35501525 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater in Karamık wetland and surroundings, which is one of the important wetlands in Turkey, was examined and the chemical properties and quality of groundwater were determined in the present study. In addition, the possible risks to human health as a result of groundwater usage were investigated along with spatial analyses carried out using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Physicochemical analyses were carried out on 25 samples taken from groundwater. The dominant ions in the study area are Ca, Mg, and HCO3. When the results are compared with the limit values in the valid drinking water guidelines such as TSI-266 (Standards for drinking waters, 2005) and WHO (Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2011), the groundwaters were not suitable for use as drinking water in terms of NO3, Fe, Pb and As. The analysis results were evaluated together with GIS and Water Quality Index (WQI) methods. In the evaluations with the WQI method, 76% of the samples were in the "poor water" class. The groundwater in the study area is polluted by both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. For this reason, health risk assessment was performed due to the use of groundwater in the region by the local people in different areas, especially as drinking water, and the negative effects of water quality. Accordingly, there are non-carcinogenic negative effects on health in terms of NO3, As, Pb and Fe parameters from the use of groundwater by children. In addition, Pb and As concentrations are at carcinogenic levels for both children and adults in all groundwater samples collected from the study area. Therefore, it is not recommended to use groundwater as drinking water without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Şener
- Suleyman Demirel University, Remote Sensing Center, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Şehnaz Şener
- Department of Geological Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Simge Varol
- Department of Geological Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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15
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Niknejad H, Ala A, Ahmadi F, Mahmoodi H, Saeedi R, Gholami-Borujeni F, Abtahi M. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:501-513. [PMID: 37119150 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The daily intake of trace elements through water resources and their adverse health effects is a critical issue. The purpose of this research was to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran. The concentrations of the trace elements in a total number of 66 samples from the groundwater sources were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The hazard index (HI) levels of exposure to the trace elements from the groundwater sources for adults, teenagers, and children were 0.65, 0.83, and 1.08, respectively. The carcinogenic risk values of Cr and As in the groundwater sources for children, teenagers, and adults were 0.0001, 0.00009, 0.00007, 0.0003, 0.0002, and 0.0001, respectively, causing a total carcinogenic risk value higher than the acceptable range, and removing Cr and As from the groundwater resources is recommended for safe community water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Niknejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Alireza Ala
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Hamed Mahmoodi
- Information Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Department of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Abtahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
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16
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Singh A, Raju A, Chandniha SK, Singh L, Tyagi I, Karri RR, Kumar A. Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater and their associated potential health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14993-15008. [PMID: 36163576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the human health risk exposure from the consumption of poor quality groundwater in the Lucknow area, a part of Central Ganga alluvial plain in India. Around 27 (n = 27) groundwater samples were collected from the study area. The analytical results of the samples (n = 27) collected indicate silicate and carbonate weathering is the dominant process along with cation exchange, sulfide oxidation, and reverse ion exchange. The type of groundwater is Ca2-Na-HCO3- type having all cations and anions within permissible WHO limits except for iron (Fe2+) and nitrate (NO3-). The high concentrations of Fe2 and NO3- in samples indicate the possibility of a non-geogenic point source for the same in an urban-influenced environment. The ionic concentration of dissolved constituents is used in weighted overlay analysis to generate the water quality index (WQI). WQI indicates that most urban areas (~ 98.52%) have fallen in the good to excellent category except few situated in the highly populated parts of Lucknow. The ionic concentrations of Fe2+ and NO3- have been further used to estimate human health risk by integrating regional urban population density data in Lucknow. The risk map shows alarming risks in the west-central part, where nearly ~ 35% of the total area is at moderate to high health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singh
- Hydrolgeology Research Lab, Department of Geology, MohanlalSukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Ashwani Raju
- Remote Sensing & GIS Lab, Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Chandniha
- Department of Soil and Water Engineering, BRSM College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology & Research Station, IGKV, Mungeli, 249334, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Lipi Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Inderjeet Tyagi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, M Block, Kolkata, 700 053, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, 1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Department of Chemistry, D.B.S. (PG) College Dehradun, Dehradun, 248001, India
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17
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Xu X, Li L, Zhou H, Fan M, Wang H, Wang L, Hu Q, Cai Q, Zhu Y, Ji S. MRTCM: A comprehensive dataset for probabilistic risk assessment of metals and metalloids in traditional Chinese medicine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114395. [PMID: 36508783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still considered a global complementary or alternative medical system, but exogenous hazardous contaminants remain in TCM even after decocting. Besides, it is time-consuming to conduct a risk assessment of trace elements in TCMs with a non-automatic approach due to the wide variety of TCMs. Here, we present MRTCM, a cloud-computing infrastructure for automating the probabilistic risk assessment of metals and metalloids in TCM. MRTCM includes a consumption database and a pollutant database involving forty million rows of consumption data and fourteen types of TCM potentially toxic elements concentrations. The algorithm of probabilistic risk assessment was also packaged in MRTCM to assess the risks of eight elements with Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrated that 96.64% and 99.46% had no non-carcinogenic risk (hazard indices (HI) were < 1.0) for animal and herbal medicines consumers, respectively. After twenty years of exposure, less than 1% of the total carcinogenic risk (CRt) was > 10-4 for TCM consumers, indicating that they are at potential risk for carcinogenicity. Sensitivity analysis revealed that annual consumption and concentration were the main variables affecting the assessment results. Ultimately, a priority management list of TCMs was also generated, indicating that more attention should be paid to the non-carcinogenic risks of As, Mn, and Hg and the carcinogenic risks of As and Cr in Pheretima and Cr in Arcae Conch. In general, MRTCM could significantly enhance the efficiency of risk assessment in TCM and provide reasonable guidance for policymakers to optimize risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Limin Li
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China.
| | - Shen Ji
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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18
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Choudhury TR, Ferdous J, Haque MM, Rahman MM, Quraishi SB, Rahman MS. Assessment of heavy metals and radionuclides in groundwater and associated human health risk appraisal in the vicinity of Rooppur nuclear power plant, Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 251:104072. [PMID: 36084350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the groundwater quality through estimating trace and heavy metal concentration and radionuclide levels in the vicinity of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) sites. Twenty-six (26) parameters, including major cations (K, Na, Mg, Ca) and anions (SO4-2, NO3-), trace and heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Li, Be, B, V, Ga, Sr, Ag, Ba) and radionuclides (137Cs, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K) were estimated in water samples in the study area. This study revealed that the concentration values (μg/L) of Mn (667.091 ± 7.481), Fe (191.477 ± 3.756), Sr (105.218 ± 13.424), and Zn (23.493 ± 1.134) were the dominant metals in the study area. Different pollution evaluation indices (i.e., HPI, HEI, NI, Cd) data revealed that the study area was under a low to medium level of pollution due to the presence of metals in water. Subsequently, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks assessments for both adults and children were conducted, which indicated that health risk for the carcinogenic metals were below the threshold level except As through oral exposure for both adult and children. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K were measured to demonstrate probable radioactivity pollution using Gamma-ray spectrometry (High-resolution HPGe detector). The highest activity concentration of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in groundwater samples were 4.9 ± 1.24 Bq/L (RNPP-15), 1.71 ± 0.43 Bq/L (RNPP-15), and 15.43 ± 3.08 Bq/L (RNPP-15). Among the three studied radionuclides, 40K has the highest average activity concentration. The radiological indicators referred to the annual effective dose (AED) is 0.4273 mSv yr-1, which implies no significant cause of radiological risks and hazards (UNSCEAR guideline value). This study provides a baseline of trace and toxic metal contamination, radioactivity, and radiation levels in the groundwater of the nuclear power plant (being built) area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasrina Rabia Choudhury
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Morshedul Haque
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shamshad Begum Quraishi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Safiur Rahman
- Water Quality Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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19
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Cooksey E, Verhougstraete M, Sneed SJ, Joseph CN, Blohm J, Paukgana M, Joshweseoma L, Sehongva G, Hadeed S, Harris R, O’Rourke MK. Drinking water and health assessment in a Northern Arizona community. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT : HERA 2022; 29:157-173. [PMID: 37502498 PMCID: PMC10373582 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2146575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Arizona is a mineral rich state that relies on a mix of surface and ground water supplies for drinking water requirements. Small, rural water systems relying on groundwater frequently encounter elevated metal(loid) measures, particularly inorganic arsenic (As +3, +5). Such contaminant occurrences can be associated with adverse health outcomes including cancers. The Hopi Environmental Health Project examined drinking water quality and water consumption behaviors from 76 homes on Hopi lands over a four-year period. Water samples were analyzed for 28 elements and compared to US Environmental Protection Agengy (EPA) maximum contaminant levels (MCL). Only municipal/piped water had a mean arsenic concentration (11.01 μg/L) exceeding the MCL (10.0 μg/L). All other water types and elements occurred below MCL when detected. A lifetime cancer and hazard quotient associated with arsenic consumption through each water type was performed and piped/municipal water was found to carry the greatest risks (9.96 cases per 10,000 people). Results from this study showed the potential for multiple contaminants to be present in drinking water from Hopi lands and the need for further health assessment of routine exposure to low doses of contaminant mixtures through drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cooksey
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marc Verhougstraete
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sam J. Sneed
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Carrie Nuva Joseph
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Blohm
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven Hadeed
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robin Harris
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mary Kay O’Rourke
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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20
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Health Risk Assessment, Bioaccumulation Factors and Ecological Indices of Heavy Metals in Sediment, Fish and Water Along Asuoyeboah River, Kumasi: A Case Study. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Nasser Eddine N, Noisel N, Dieme D, Asmar MK, Issa ST, Bouchard M. Multi-matrix biomonitoring approach to assess exposure to metals and trace elements in the Lebanese population and associations with drinking water consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113982. [PMID: 35952733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first attempt to assess exposure to metals and trace elements in subgroups of the Lebanese population using a multi-matrix biomonitoring approach. Concentrations of 11 metals and trace elements (aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), uranium (U), zinc (Zn)) were measured in urine, hair and toenails. Biological levels were compared according to age, sex, smoking status, socioeconomic status, geographical area and drinking water source. While most urinary and toenail concentrations of metals and trace elements were not different between males and females, measured concentrations of several elements in hair were higher in females compared to males. Urinary concentrations of some metals (Al, Cu, Se and Zn) were higher in children compared to teenagers and adults. Hair and toenail concentrations of several elements (As, Cd, Pb, Mn, Se in hair and toenails plus Al, Fe in toenails) were also significantly higher in children compared to teenagers and/or adults. Smoking status had no influence on metal and trace element concentrations. Levels of Cd, Pb and Mn were also higher in samples from subgroups with lower economic status (Cd and Pb in the three matrices and Mn in hair and toenails). Very few correlations were identified between sources of drinking water and urine, hair, and toenail concentrations of metals and trace elements. However, a correlation was observed between hair and toenails levels of As, Cd and Pb. Overall, results highlight that a special attention should be given to metal and trace element exposure in this population (including Pb, As, Cd, Mn, and Se). It could be relevant to scale up this kind of investigation with a large human biomonitoring initiative in the Lebanese population in order to generalize results, and assess trends over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrine Nasser Eddine
- Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé Au Travail, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, 2375 Chemin de La Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Nolwenn Noisel
- Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé Au Travail, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, 2375 Chemin de La Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; Chaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques toxicologiques, Université de Montréal, 2900, Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Denis Dieme
- Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé Au Travail, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, 2375 Chemin de La Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal, 7101, Avenue Du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X7, Canada
| | - Michèle Kosremelli Asmar
- Institut Supérieur de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Sahar T Issa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Communications, Arts and Sciences, Canadian University Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé Au Travail, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, 2375 Chemin de La Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal, 7101, Avenue Du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X7, Canada; Chaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques toxicologiques, Université de Montréal, 2900, Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Hussain SJ, Ali S, Hussain J, Ali S, Hussain J, Hussain M, Hussain I. Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Trace Elements in Drinking Water of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.31.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the contamination level and risk associated with toxic trace elements in springs’ water from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Toxic trace elements, including Hg, As, and Zn, were analyzed by metalyzer, HM 2000 serial no. MY-011-006, while elements such as Cr, Al, B, Ni, Cu, Mn, and Fe were analyzed using Metalometer HM 2000 serial no. MM005-007, the United Kingdom. The mean concentrations of TTEs in water samples from Skardu were ordered as, Mn < Cu < Fe < Zn < Al < Cr < As < Ni < Hg, in Gilgit, Mn < Cu < Zn < Ni < B < Cr < Fe < As < Hg, in Ghizer Cu < Mn < Zn < Ni < Cr < Fe < As < Hg, while in Nagar the concentration of TTEs in water samples were ordered as Cu < Mn < Fe < Ni < Al < Cr < Zn < As < Hg. Results obtained from this study showed that the concentrations of As, Hg, Ni, Cr, Al, and Mn in some water samples were higher than the limits recommended by WHO and Pak-NDWQS. However, the chronic daily intake indices (CDIs) and health risk index (HRI) in all samples were found below the US-EPA standards. The correlation analysis revealed a positive association among different elements, which revealed that the sources of TTES in water samples were mainly geological strata and anthropogenic activities.
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23
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Bhatti ZI, Ishtiaq M, Khan SA, Nawab J, Ghani J, Ullah Z, Khan S, Baig SA, Muhammad I, Din ZU, Khan A. Contamination level, source identification and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in drinking water sources of mining and non-mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1343-1363. [PMID: 36170190 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated mining activities have increased water contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their associated human health risk in developing countries. The current study investigated the distribution of PTEs, their potential sources and health risk assessment in both ground and surface water sources in mining and non-mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Water samples (n = 150) were taken from selected sites and were analyzed for six PTEs (Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn). Among PTEs, Cr showed a high mean concentration (497) μg L-1, followed by Zn (414) μg L-1 in the mining area, while Zn showed the lowest mean value (4.44) μg L-1 in non-mining areas. Elevated concentrations of Ni, Cr and a moderate level of Pb in ground and surface water of Mohmand District exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that the pollution sources of PTEs were mainly from mafic-ultramafic rocks, acid mine drainage, open dumping of mine wastes and mine tailings. The hazard quotient (HQ) was the highest for children relative to that for adults, but not higher than the USEPA limits. The hazard index (HI) for ingestions of all selected PTEs was lower than the threshold value (HIing < 1), except for Mohmand District, which showed a value of HI >1 in mining areas through ingestion. Moreover, the carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the threshold limits for Ni and Cr set by the USEPA (1.0E-04-1.0E-06). In order to protect the drinking water sources of the study areas from further contamination, management techniques and policy for mining operations need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Imran Bhatti
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Department of Community Medicine, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera Kalan, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Said Akbar Khan
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Zahid Ullah
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Shams Ali Baig
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ud Din
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Asad Khan
- Department of Geology, FATA University, F.R. Kohat, Darra Adam Khel, Pakistan
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24
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Lin Z, Liu Y, Cheng Z, Zhao R, Zhang H. Uncertainty health risk assessment and regional control of drinking water: a case study of Hanyuan County, southwest mountainous area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68202-68215. [PMID: 35534706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the health risks of drinking water in Hanyuan County, 96 samples of peripheral drinking water were collected from 30 sites in the area. The samples were then analyzed for chemical properties including Fe, Mn, NH3-N, [Formula: see text], F-, Pb, Hg, As, Cr(VI), Cd, and so on. The health risks of ten trace elements in drinking water were probabilistically assessed using the health risk assessment model and Monte Carlo simulation. On this basis, sequential indicator simulations were used to classify the health risk levels of drinking water in the region, to conduct hierarchical management and control. The results showed that except for [Formula: see text], all other indicators met World Health Organization standards and China's drinking water sanitation standards. Drinking water presents a specific carcinogenic risk to adults, and the cumulative contribution of As and Cr(VI) exceeds 95%, and has a specific non-carcinogenic risk to children if the cumulative contribution of F-, [Formula: see text], and As exceeds 90%. Grade I, II, and III non-carcinogenic risk areas accounted for 0.89%, 24.72%, and 74.39% of the total area of Hanyuan County, respectively, while grade I, II, and III carcinogenic risk areas accounted for 27.71%, 45.56%, and 26.73% of the total Hanyuan County area, respectively. Finally, according to the health risk characteristics of each control area, corresponding zoning control suggestions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Lin
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
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25
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Roach K, Roberts J. A comprehensive summary of disease variants implicated in metal allergy. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:279-341. [PMID: 35975293 PMCID: PMC9968405 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic disease represents one of the most prominent global public health crises of the 21st century. Although many different substances are known to produce hypersensitivity responses, metals constitute one of the major classes of allergens responsible for a disproportionately large segment of the total burden of disease associated with allergy. Some of the most prevalent forms of metal allergy - including allergic contact dermatitis - are well-recognized; however, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review of the many unique disease variants implicated in human cases of metal allergy is not available within the current scientific literature. Consequently, the main goal in composing this review was to (1) generate an up-to-date reference document containing this information to assist in the efforts of lab researchers, clinicians, regulatory toxicologists, industrial hygienists, and other scientists concerned with metal allergy and (2) identify knowledge gaps related to disease. Accordingly, an extensive review of the scientific literature was performed - from which, hundreds of publications describing cases of metal-specific allergic responses in human patients were identified, collected, and analyzed. The information obtained from these articles was then used to compile an exhaustive list of distinctive dermal/ocular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and systemic hypersensitivity responses associated with metal allergy. Each of these disease variants is discussed briefly within this review, wherein specific metals implicated in each response type are identified, underlying immunological mechanisms are summarized, and major clinical presentations of each reaction are described.Abbreviations: ACD: allergic contact dermatitis, AHR: airway hyperreactivity, ASIA: autoimmune/ autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants, BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage, CBD: chronic beryllium disease, CTCL: cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, CTL: cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte, DRESS: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, GERD: gastro-esophageal reflux disease, GI: gastrointestinal, GIP: giant cell interstitial pneumonia, GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, HMLD: hard metal lung disease, HMW: high molecular weight, IBS: irritable bowel syndrome, Ig: immunoglobulin, IL: interleukin, LMW: low molecular weight, PAP: pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PPE: personal protective equipment, PRR: pathogen recognition receptor, SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus, SNAS: systemic nickel allergy syndrome, Th: helper T-cell, UC: ulcerative colitis, UV: ultraviolet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Roach
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch (ACIB), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jr Roberts
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch (ACIB), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
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26
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Oyekunle JAO, Adekunle AS, Durodola SS, Dada OS. Evaluation of physicochemical properties and heavy metal speciation of groundwater in Ifetedo and Garage Olode, Osun State, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:565. [PMID: 35788429 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To a large extent, public health can be prevented from being compromised by having access to potable water whose physicochemical fingerprints conform to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water. This study was carried out to assess the physicochemical properties and heavy metals speciation of groundwater in Nigeria. Water samples from thirteen sites were collected for three months and analysed for levels of pH, conductivity, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, and heavy metals using standard methods. The results of the analysis revealed that the respective mean temperature, conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, and oxygen reduction potential of Ifetedo sites were 27.57 ± 0.66 °C, 318.93 ± 108.58 µS/cm, 5.29 ± 0.20, 207.40 ± 73.58 mg/L, and 265.17 ± 11.29 mV, while those of Garage Olode were 28.53 °C, 275.04 ± 133.75 µS/cm, 5.23 ± 0.04, 177.66 ± 89.37 mg/L, and 270.43 ± 37.75 mV. Total mean levels (µg/mL) of heavy metals ranged from 0.04 ± 0.01 Cd to 26.21 ± 3.63 Mn at Ifetedo, while at Garage Olode, the range was between 0.02 ± 0.00 Cd and 14.49 ± 5.70 Mn. The respective ranges of mean values (µg/mL) of exchangeable metals were 0.01 ± 0.00 Cd to 10.64 ± 1.20 Mn and 0.01 ± 0.00 to 7.53 ± 2.57 Mn at Ifetedo and Garage Olode. Going by WHO provision for drinking water, the study concluded that the levels of heavy metals in the potable water samples could constitute serious health hazards over prolonged usage unless some water treatment protocols are adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A O Oyekunle
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - A S Adekunle
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - S S Durodola
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - O S Dada
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Evaluating the Potential Health Risks of Selected Heavy Metals across Four Wastewater Treatment Water Works in Durban, South Africa. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060340. [PMID: 35736948 PMCID: PMC9228299 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Poor and inadequate sanitation systems have been considered not only a human health issue, but also an environmental threat that instigates climate change. Nine heavy metals-arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)-were evaluated in influent and effluent water samples from four wastewater treatment plants in the Durban metropolis, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The results indicate that the mean concentrations of all the heavy metals in the influent samples ranged from 0.122 to 1.808 mg/L, while the effluent samples had a concentration ranging from 0.118 to 0.854 mg/L. Iron was found to be in the highest concentration and the concentration of Co was the lowest across the wastewater treatment plants. The levels for most of the heavy metals in this study were found to be above the recommended maximum concentrations in surface and effluent waters as stipulated by the World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa. According to the toxicity effect due to non-carcinogenic risks, As, Pb, Cr, and Cd are considered to be of medium risk in this study, indicating that a probable adverse health risk is very likely to occur. Additionally, the cancer risk (RI) values were lower than 10-3, which shows that cancer development is very likely in individuals who are exposed. Cancer development associated with dermal absorption is quite negligible; thereby, it does not raise any concerns.
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28
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Gnonsoro UP, Ake Assi YED, Sangare NS, Kouakou YU, Trokourey A. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) in Hydroalcoholic Gels of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2510-2518. [PMID: 34491517 PMCID: PMC8421713 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high consumption of hydroalcoholic gels worldwide and particularly in Côte d'Ivoire since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, very few studies have measured the heavy metal content and human exposure in this product. Thus, 30 samples from supermarkets in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, were collected for the study of risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals contained in hydroalcoholic gels. This study consists of the characterization of the danger by calculating the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk by skin contact. Almost all samples analysed contain trace of lead, cadmium and mercury but at concentrations below the Canadian limit in cosmetic products applied to the skin and below the US FDA limit as an impurity in colour additives used in cosmetic products. The mean values of chronic daily intake via dermal absorption (CDIdermal) for adults were found in the order of mercury > lead > cadmium. The health risk estimation indicated that the mean total hazard quotient for dermal adsorption (HIdermal) obtained is 7.10 × 10-5 ± 5.52 × 10-5. This value was below 1, the acceptable limit, representing a non-carcinogenic risk for Abidjan residents through dermal adsorption. Moreover, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) evaluation for lead and cadmium was insignificant, and the cancer risk can be neglected, but in case of their overusing, they can cause long-term health problems for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urbain Paul Gnonsoro
- Laboratoire National d'Appui au Développement Agricole (LANADA), Laboratoire Central d'Agrochimie et d'Ecotoxicologie (LCAE), 04 BP 2365, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Yolande Epouse Datte Ake Assi
- Laboratoire National d'Appui au Développement Agricole (LANADA), Laboratoire Central pour l'Hygiène Alimentaire et l'Agro-Industrie (LCHAI), 04 BP 2365, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Naminata Soumahoro Sangare
- Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, UFR SSMT, 22 BP 582, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yao Urbain Kouakou
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Man, BP 20, Man, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Albert Trokourey
- Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, UFR SSMT, 22 BP 582, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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29
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Chakraborty B, Bera B, Adhikary PP, Bhattacharjee S, Roy S, Saha S, Sengupta D, Shit PK. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown and unlock on the health of tropical large river with associated human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37041-37056. [PMID: 35031982 PMCID: PMC8760089 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
River Damodar (India) is one of the most significant tropical large rivers and this river is carrying predominantly industrial effluents, urban sewage, and non-degradable chemical agricultural fertilizers. Several industries, cities, and townships directly depend on this important river throughout the year. It is highly essential to evaluate its surface water quality, characteristics, and improvement status during the COVID-19 lockdown and unlock phases. The major objectives of the present study are to analyse changing nature of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Fe) and microbial load (TVC, TC, and FC) of river water and to identify heavy metals impact on water quality and human health in pre, during, and after unlocking of COVID-19 lockdown. Here, a total of 33 water samples have been collected in the pre-lockdown, lockdown, and unlock phases. The results showed that decreasing trend of the microbial load was found in the lockdown phase. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) illustrated that all samples are highly polluted (HPI > 150) during the pre-lockdown phase, while during the lockdown phase; HPI showed that around 54.54% of samples have been positively changed (low pollution level). During the unlock phase, 45.45% of samples were again amplified to the high pollution level. Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated strong relation among heavy metals with faecal coliform at a 0.05% level of significance. Noncarcinogenic hazard index (HI) shows the higher possibility of health risk (HI > 1) particularly for children in all the phases and during the lockdown phase, 36.36% of samples showed no possible health risk for adults (HI < 1). However, HI of dermal contact showed no possible health risk for children and adults in the assessment periods. This applied research can definitely assist planners and administrators in making effective solutions regarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisakhi Chakraborty
- PG Department of Geography, Raja N. L, Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Gope Palace, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Biswajit Bera
- Department of Geography, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia, India
| | | | - Sumana Bhattacharjee
- Department of Geography, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College, University of Calcutta, 30, Prince Anwar Shah Rd, Badam Talla, Tollygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal 700033 India
| | - Sambhunath Roy
- PG Department of Geography, Raja N. L, Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Gope Palace, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Soumik Saha
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, 700019 India
| | - Debashish Sengupta
- Department of Geology & Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, 721302 (West Bengal) India
| | - Pravat Kumar Shit
- PG Department of Geography, Raja N. L, Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Gope Palace, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
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30
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Emmanuel UC, Chukwudi MI, Monday SS, Anthony AI. HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN DRINKING WATER SOURCES IN THREE SENATORIAL DISTRICTS OF ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:869-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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The Content Level, Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics, and Health-Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Upper Lancang River (Changdu Section). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of trace elements in the water of Lancang River during the wet season (October) and dry season (December) was carried out to analyze the content of trace elements in the water, spatial and seasonal variations, enrichment, and health risks of dissolved trace metal. The results showed that the content of trace elements in the main stream of the upper Lancang River met the “Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water” (GB3838-2002) Class I water-quality standard, but the Fe content in sampling points during the wet season exceeded the limit value of water-quality standard. Compared with other rivers in Tibet, the contents of As, Fe, and Pb in the study were relatively high. While Pb, As, and Zn were the mainly enriched trace elements. The water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, As, Cr, and Cu in the main stream of the upper Lancang River with significant seasonal variations. The content of trace elements in the front of the dam was lower than that in the tail and under the dam. The trace elements in the water of the reservoir area increased with an increase in the depth, and the reservoir had a certain interception effect on the trace elements. The As content in the main stream of the Lancang River was greatly affected by the branch of Angqu with high content of As. The HQingestion and HI of As in the part of the river in the study exceeded 1, and the water-quality health risks of the Guoduo reservoir tail and urban reaches were higher than those of other reaches, which should be paid more attention.
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32
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Akhtar A, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Khan M. Human exposure to toxic elements through facial cosmetic products: Dermal risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 131:105145. [PMID: 35219764 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Facial cosmetics are the most commonly consumed product, mainly by the women from all over the world irrespective of their age. The facial cosmetics may be contaminated with several toxic elements, which can get absorb on to the facial skin and migrate to the blood vessels. Hence the absorbed toxic elements can cause further adverse effects on the human body. The present study aims to assess the toxic element contents (arsenic, lead, nickel, mercury, and cadmium) in commonly consumed facial cosmetics (face powder, foundation, lightening creams, moisturizer, eye shadow, lipsticks, eyeliner, blush, mascara, sunscreen) and to carry out the risk assessment through different methods. The dermal risk was evaluated as SED, NOAEL, MoS, HQ and ILCR, which is linked with the exposure of selected toxic elements. The total CDDE for all selected elements in facial cosmetic products was found in increasing order as follow: face powder > foundation > lightening creams > moisturizer > eye shadow > lipsticks > eyeliner > blush > mascara > sunscreen. The HQ and HI values for selected elements were found to be < 1 in all facial cosmetics. Whereas the probable MoS of selected toxic elements in all facial cosmetics except eyeliner were found to be 3-4 folds lower than the minimum value of 100 regulated by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akhtar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Khan
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
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33
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Tebby C, Caudeville J, Fernandez Y, Brochot C. Mapping blood lead levels in French children due to environmental contamination using a modeling approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152149. [PMID: 34871695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in levels of lead in air and drinking water over the last 40 years has resulted in an overall decrease in blood lead levels (BLLs). However, there is no known safe level of lead regarding developmental effects in children. This paper maps predicted BLLs of children in France, resulting from a simulated chronic exposure in two steps, with the aim of identifying areas with environmentally overexposed populations. Probabilistic estimates of BLLs based on environmental contamination were obtained and compared to biomonitoring data. First, the contribution of various environmental exposure pathways was estimated using a multimedia exposure model: spatialized data on soil, drinking water and air contamination, together with data on food contamination and ingestion, was joined using geostatistical approaches. In a second step, a Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic (PBTK) model provided estimates of BLLs. Probabilistic estimates of BLLs were obtained by simulating uncertainty and variability of exposure levels, physiological characteristics and lead-specific parameters in the PBTK model. The median and 95th percentile of predicted BLLs in children aged 1 to 11 were compared to recent biomonitoring data obtained in France in young children (SATURNINF study): median predictions were overestimated in infants and in agreement with median observed BLLs in children aged 3 to 6. Upper bounds of predicted BLLs were protective due to uncertainties in exposure estimates. The main source of exposure appeared to be drinking water in children over 2 years old, and vegetal food and milk in children under 2 years old. Although elevated drinking water lead levels were not related to large geographical areas, the relatively fine resolution map also pinpointed geographical areas of concern due to elevated soil lead levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Tebby
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Julien Caudeville
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité ISAE, Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Yasmil Fernandez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
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Kesari V, Kumar S, Yadav I, Chatterjee A, Rai S, Pandey S. Ganga river water quality assessment using combined approaches: physico-chemical parameters and cyanobacterial toxicity detection with special reference to microcystins and molecular characterization of microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes carrying cyanobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13122-13140. [PMID: 34570320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water quality assessment relies mostly on physico-chemical-based characterization; however, eutrophication and climate change advocate the abundance of toxic microcystins (MCs) producing cyanobacteria as emerging bio-indicator. In the present study, a spatial-temporal analysis was carried out at ten sampling sites of Prayagraj and Varanasi during June 2017 and March 2018 to determine the Ganga River water quality using physico-chemical parameters, cyanobacteria diversity, detection of MCs producing strains and MC-LR equivalence. Coliform bacteria, COD, NO3-N, and phosphate are the significant contaminated parameters favoring the growth of putative MCs producing cyanobacteria. National Sanitation Foundation WQI (NSFWQI) indicates water quality, either bad or medium category at sampling points. The morphological analysis confirms the occurrence of diverse cyanobacterial genera such as Microcystis, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, and Phormidium. PCR amplification affirmed the presence of toxic microcystin (mcy) genes in uncultured cyanobacteria at all the sampling sites. The concentration of MC-LR equivalence in water samples by protein phosphatase 1 inhibition assay (PPIA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods was observed in the range of 23.4-172 ng/L and 13.2-97.5 ng/L respectively which is lower than the harmful exposure limit by World Health Organization (WHO). Ganga isolate 1 was identified as Microcystis based on partial 16S rDNA sequence and its toxicity was confirmed due to presence of mcy genes and MCs production potential. These findings suggest the presence of MCs producers as new emerging parameter to monitor water quality index and identification up to species level will be valuable for restoration strategies of river Ganga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigya Kesari
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Indrajeet Yadav
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Antra Chatterjee
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shweta Rai
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Botany, Braj Mohan Das College (B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University), Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | - Shraddha Pandey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Vasseghian Y, Almomani F, Dragoi EN. Health risk assessment induced by trace toxic metals in tap drinking water: Condorcet principle development. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131821. [PMID: 34388869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to trace metals (TMs) in water is hazardous to human health. The average concentrations (Cavg.) and carcinogenic (CAR) and non-carcinogenic (non-CAR) risks of eight TMs to World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines and national standard limits (NSLs)were determined. The Cavg. and (the range) of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Co, Cr, Ni, and Zn were measured as 4.29 ± 0.57 μg L-1 (1.12-10.27 μg L-1), 0.22 ± 0.10 μg L-1 (ND-1.05 μg L-1), 0.31 ± 0.18 μg L-1 (ND-1.80 μg L-1), 4.66 ± 0.32 μg L-1 (0.10-14.22 μg L-1), 24.61 ± 4.65 μg L-1 (3.11-67.25 μg L-1), 16.86 ± 5.54 μg L-1 (5.12-34.61 μg L-1), 14.07 ± 4.37 μg L-1 (3.79-31.39 μg L-1), and 268.42 ± 75.82 (87.29-561.22 μg L-1), respectively. The Cavg. of Co and Hg exceeded the WHO and NSLs. The non-CAR risk assessment was used to order the TMs according to the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) As > Pb > Cr > Co > Zn > Hg > Ni > Cd. None of the investigated age groups are at risk As there is a low Cavg of all trace metals (i.e., the THQ is > 1). The age groups were ranked based on THQ and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) As < 1 year, >1-10 years, > 11-19 years, and > + 20 years. The ILCR of As for all the age groups was >10-4, whereas for Pb it was <10-6. Cumulative carcinogenic risk (CCR) for As and Pb was at a safe threshold risk (>10-4) for all the age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Elena-Niculina Dragoi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Iasi, Bld Mangeron No 73, 700050, Romania.
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Li X, Su H, Xia Y, Zhao Y. The association between water source and depressive symptoms in China: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:56-62. [PMID: 34411946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the associations between residential water sources and symptoms of depression and the relationships between switching residential water sources and symptoms of depression in middle-aged and elderly people in China. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 12,713 participants and the longitudinal study included 8,286 participants. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multiple logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify associations between water sources and symptoms of depression. RESULTS Participants without tap water were more likely to have depressive symptoms than participants with tap water (odds ratio (OR): 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.42) (hazard ratio (HR): 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.28). The lack of access to tap water in residence was positively related to the prevalence and incidence of symptoms of depression in almost all subgroups. Changing the water source from non-tap to tap water decreased the risk of depressive symptoms (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.60 - 0.79). LIMITATIONS The results may not be generalizable to the whole population. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that no tap water in residence is a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Therefore, providing tap water in residence may help prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004
| | - Han Su
- Medical Equipment Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110004.
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Nguyen VT, Vo TDH, Tran TD, Nguyen TNK, Nguyen TB, Dang BT, Bui XT. Arsenic-contaminated groundwater and its potential health risk: A case study in Long An and Tien Giang provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63558-63571. [PMID: 32954450 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of arsenic (As) in groundwater (drilled well water) that were used for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene and its risks to human health in Long An and Tien Giang provinces (Mekong delta, Vietnam) were evaluated in this study. The average As concentrations were 15.92 ± 11.4 μg/L (n = 24, Long An) and 4.95 ± 4.7 μg/L (n = 24, Tien Giang). The average concentrations of As in Long An had not reached the WHO and QCVN 01: 2009/BYT healthy drinking water standard (10 μg/L). When used as a source of water for drinking and daily activities, arsenic-contaminated groundwater may have a direct impact on human health. The risk assessment from groundwater established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was conducted. The risk assessment showed that the average cancer risk (CR) values were 8.68 × 10-4 (adults) and 2.39 × 10-3 (children) for Long An, and 2.70 × 10-4 (adults) and 7.43 × 10-4 (children) for Tien Giang. These results were significantly higher than the CR (1 × 10-4) proposed by the USEPA. The adverse health effect was therefore specifically warned by the use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. This research offers valuable knowledge for efficient water management approaches to guarantee local communities' health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Truc Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Dai Tran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences-Health, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Nhu-Khanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Trong Dang
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HUTECH, 475 A Dien Bien Phu, Binh Thanh district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Reactive, Sparingly Soluble Calcined Magnesia, Tailor-Made as the Reactive Material for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Permeable Reactive Barrier. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A laboratory method was designed and verified that allows for the testing of alkaline, magnesite-based reactive materials for permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to remove heavy metals from contaminated groundwater. It was found that caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) with high reactivity and low solubility to remove Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+ cations from mixed aqueous solutions can be prepared by calcination at a suitable temperature and residence time. Regarding the solubility of both the reactive material itself and the precipitates formed, the CCM should contain just a limited content of lime. One way is the calcination of a ferroan magnesite at temperatures above 1000 °C. However, the decrease in pH is accompanied by lower efficiency, attributed to the solid-phase reactions of free lime. A different way is the calcination of magnesite under the conditions when CaCO3 is not thermally decomposed. The virtually complete removal of the heavy metals from the model solution was achieved using the CCM characterised by the fraction of carbonates decomposed of approximately 80% and with the highest specific surface area. CCM calcined at higher temperatures could also be used, but this would be associated with higher consumption of crude magnesite. Under the conditions considered in the present work, the product obtained by the calcination at 750 °C for 3 h appeared to be optimal. The full heavy metal removal was observed in this case using less magnesite, and, moreover, at a lower temperature (resulting, therefore, in a lower consumption of energy for the calcination and material handling).
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Mishra H, Singh J, Karmakar S, Kumar R. An integrated approach for modeling uncertainty in human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56053-56068. [PMID: 34046836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A human health risk assessment (HHRA) will not remain simple and straightforward when it involves multiple uncertain input variables. Uncertainties in HHRA result from the unavailability and subjectivity of input variables. Though several studies have performed HHRA, the quantification of uncertainty in HHRA under a situation of data scarcity and the simultaneous application of random and non-random input variables have rarely been reported. The present study proposes an integrated hybrid health risk modeling framework involving the concurrent treatment of random and non-random input variables and estimating the uncertainties linked to the input variables in HHRA. The proposed framework presents the flexibility to classify the input variables into fuzzy and probabilistic categories, based on their data availability and provenience nature. The framework is demonstrated over the Turbhe sanitary landfill in Navi Mumbai, India, where the fate and transport of heavy metals in leachate are investigated through LandSim modeling. The present study considers the LandSim-simulated heavy metal concentration and body weight as a random variable and water intake, exposure duration, frequency, bioavailability, and average time as fuzzy variables. Further, the uncertainties in the non-carcinogenic human health risk have been quantified using Monte Carlo simulations, followed by a comprehensive multivariate sensitivity analysis of the proposed framework. High health risk at Turbhe is estimated for the male and female population. This study presents the first effort to quantify the non-carcinogenic human health risks from leachate-contaminated groundwater considering the health risk input variables as non-deterministic. The proposed framework is generic and applicable to any landfill site and will remain unaltered when integrated health risk assessment and uncertainty assessment are performed for the landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Mishra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
- School of the Environment, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Subhankar Karmakar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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Jandu A, Malik A, Dhull SB. Fluoride and nitrate in groundwater of rural habitations of semiarid region of northern Rajasthan, India: a hydrogeochemical, multivariate statistical, and human health risk assessment perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3997-4026. [PMID: 33770299 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In arid and semiarid regions, groundwater is required for the drinking, agriculture, and industrial activities due to scarcity of surface water. Groundwater contaminated with high concentrations of fluoride and nitrate can severely affect human health in these regions. Twenty-eight groundwater samples from rural habitations of Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan, India, were collected in March 2018 and subjected to analysis for water quality parameters. Fluoride and nitrate concentrations in groundwater varied from 0 to 5.74 mg/L and 10.22-519.64 mg/L, respectively. Nitrate content of about 86% samples and fluoride content of about 54% exceeded the permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standards (IS:10,500) as well as World Health Organization standards. All groundwater samples belonged to poor to unfit drinking water quality index. Principle component analysis elucidates the anthropogenic contribution to high nitrate concentrations observed in this area. Noncarcinogenic human health risk evaluated from high nitrate and fluoride in drinking water for children, men, and women points to the fact that noncarcinogenic risk is exceeding the allowable limit to human health. The predominating hydrochemical facies in the area is Na+-HCO3--Cl- followed by Na+-Mg2+-HCO3--Cl-. The Gibbs plot and bivariate ionic cross-plots suggest the noncarbonate weathering (rock dominance), evaporation dominance, and ion exchange process to be the predominating geochemical mechanisms governing the evolution of groundwater hydrogeochemistry. Giggenbach diagram shows the immature character, i.e., incomplete equilibration of the groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Jandu
- Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Anju Malik
- Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India.
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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The Effectiveness of an Artificial Floating Wetland to Remove Nutrients in an Urban Stream: A Pilot-Study in the Chicago River, Chicago, IL USA. HYDROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology8030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ever expanding urbanized landscapes are increasingly impacting streams that run through them. Among other stressors, urban streams often are host to elevated concentrations of nutrients, salts, and heavy metals. The pollutants, coupled with high temperatures, are drivers of ecosystem degradation in urban streams. The installation of artificial floating wetlands (AFWs) has been successful in mitigating the effects of urbanization in lakes and wastewater treatment ponds, but rarely have they been tested in streams. This pilot-study examined the ability of an AFW to improve water quality in an urban stream. The small, 90 m2 AFW was installed to improve the aquatic habitat and aesthetics of a small section of the Chicago River, Chicago, IL USA. Water samples and in-situ measurements were collected from the surface and at 0.3 m depth of upstream and downstream of the AFW. Samples were analyzed for nitrate-as-nitrogen, phosphate, chloride, and heavy metals. Comparison of upstream and downstream waters showed that the AFW lowered the concentrations of nitrate-as-nitrogen and phosphate during the growing season by 6.9% and 6.0%, respectively. Nitrate was also removed during the dormant season; however, phosphate was not removed during that time. Plant or microbial uptake of the nutrients are believed to be the dominant mechanisms in the growing season with denitrification serving as the primary pathway in the dormant season. Despite not having a measurable effect on the water temperature, the AFW was an effective means to reduce concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus, decreasing the potential for eutrophication.
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Identification of Groundwater Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of a Landfill in a Low Permeability Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147690. [PMID: 34300140 PMCID: PMC8307002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The shallow weathering fissure groundwater in the red-bed area of Southwest China is usually the only drinking water source for most rural residents. In this study, a typical landfill with surrounding residents drinking unpurified groundwater in red-bed area was selected and water quality detection, groundwater numerical simulation and human health risk assessment were used to identify and assess groundwater pollution in the region. The chemical type evolved from HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg and HCO3-SO4-Ca to Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 contaminated by the landfill. Na+ and Cl− were selected as factors for rapid identification of groundwater pollution. Subsequent analyses using these factors showed that the leachate pollution plume boundary was 190 m downstream of the landfill. Analysis of the redox conditions revealed that the area from the landfill to 5 m downstream was the reduction zone, while the area beyond 5 m was the oxidation zone. The migration and attenuation patterns of inorganic salts (such as SO42−) and heavy metals (such as Fe and Mn) in the oxidation and reduction zones differed obviously. Meanwhile, the organic pollutants in the leachate were reduced and decomposed into organic acids, which caused the groundwater 80 m downstream of the landfill to become weakly acidic (pH ranged from 6.51 to 6.83), and promoted re-entry of adsorbed heavy metals (such as Pb) into the groundwater. The groundwater risk assessment based on human health revealed that lead, manganese, chlorobenzene, dichloroethane and chloroform constituted a major health threat to the residents. The rank of non-carcinogenic risk was lead >manganese, and the maximum area of non-carcinogenic risk was 15,485 m2. The total carcinogenic risk caused by organic pollutants was 7.9 × 10−6, and the area of the carcinogenic risk zone was 11,414 m2. Overall, the results of this study provide a scientific basis for management of drinking water and groundwater remediation in the red-bed area with low permeability.
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Liu B, Huang F, Yu Y, Li X, He Y, Gao L, Hu X. Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust Across China: Occurrence, Sources and Health Risk Assessment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:67-76. [PMID: 33944965 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence of heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) was investigated in indoor dust samples collected from 33 urban and rural areas in 11 provinces, China. The concentrations of the selected heavy metals were determined by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of Zn (166 mg kg-1), Pb (40.7 mg kg-1), Cr (19.8 mg kg-1), Cu (16.9 mg kg-1), and Cd (2.29 mg kg-1) in indoor dust are in low or moderate levels compared with other countries or regions. Cd was significantly enriched with the highest enrichment factor of 23.7, followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cr, which were all lower than 3. The concentrations of Pb from Northern China (61.4 mg kg-1) were significantly higher than those from Southern China (8.88 mg kg-1). The concentrations of heavy metals in indoor dusts from rural areas were higher than those from urban areas except for Cu. The multivariate analysis of variance revealed that wall cover, fuel types, and air conditioning were dominant factors influencing the levels of heavy metals in indoor dust. Principal component analysis showed that outdoor dust and wall paint were main factors for the high concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr, accounting for 40.6% of the total contribution; traffic sources contributed to the high levels of Cu and Zn explained 20.6% of the total variance. The hazard indexes of selected heavy metals were less than 1 and carcinogenic risk value of Cr were between 1.01 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-4, indicating minor noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from heavy metals in indoor dust for residents in China. Pb contributed 72.0% and 86.9% to the sum of noncarcinogenic risk values of selected heavy metals for adults and children, respectively. The carcinogenic risk value of Cr was approximately 13-fold higher than that of Cd for both adults and children. Children endured higher risks from heavy metals in indoor dust compared with adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Technology Center Laboratory, Jilin Tobacco Industrial Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- College of Geographical Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yaowei He
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
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Varol S, Davraz A, Şener Ş, Şener E, Aksever F, Kırkan B, Tokgözlü A. Assessment of groundwater quality and usability of Salda Lake Basin (Burdur/Turkey) and health risk related to arsenic pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:681-706. [PMID: 34150267 PMCID: PMC8172728 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study the aim was to analyze the seasonal concentration, groundwater quality, usage areas and arsenic-related health risk of major ions and heavy metals in groundwater samples collected from the Salda Lake basin. METHODS In this study, 42 groundwater samples were collected from springs and wells in dry and wet seasons in 2015. Hydrogeochemical evaluations were made using different diagrams such as Piper and Gibbs diagrams. Groundwater quality was determined by the water quality index method (WQI) and different diagrams. Finally, health risk assessments related to arsenic were performed. RESULTS The dominant water types are Mg-Ca-HCO3 and Mg-HCO3 in the wet season and Mg-HCO3 and Mg-HCO3-CO3 in the dry season. According to calculated WQI values ranged from 24.14 to 56.93 in the wet season ranged from 25.27 to 145.87 in dry season. This situation indicates that the quality of water samples is mostly good both seasons. AsT concentrations were between 2.1-6.3 μg/L in the dry season and 2.9-10.5 μg/L in the wet season. The risk of developing cancer due to arsenic exposure in healthy adults or children is very low. But arsenic has high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic potentially harmful effect in the study area. In addition, water samples are not appropriate for use as drinking water in terms of fertilizers and trace element concentrations. Also, MH will be an important problem in waters that will be used as irrigation water. The use of some samples is not recommended as it may cause crusting on metal surfaces in industrial areas. CONCLUSIONS According to the results obtained, the quality of groundwater in the study area should be monitored and the usage areas should be determined accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Varol
- Department of Geology Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Davraz
- Department of Geology Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Şehnaz Şener
- Department of Geology Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Erhan Şener
- Remote Sensing Centre, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aksever
- Department of Geology Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kırkan
- Water Institute, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tokgözlü
- Department of Geography, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Ahmed J, Wong LP, Chua YP, Channa N, Memon UUR, Garn JV, Yasmin A, VanDerslice JA. Heavy metals drinking water contamination and health risk assessment among primary school children of Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:667-679. [PMID: 33910486 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1915653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and Fe (Fe) in drinking water sources in primary schools in Sindh Province, Pakistan and to quantify potential health risks among those school children. We conducted a representative, cross-sectional study among 425 primary schools in Sindh province of Pakistan. We used risk assessment models to estimate the metal index, pollution index, lifetime cancer risk, and hazard quotient index. Across the 425 sampled schools, the levels of heavy metals in the drinking water often exceeded the WHO permissible limits (67% of schools exceeded Pb limit, 17% for Cd, 15% for Fe). The average incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for Pb exceeded tolerable limits in all of the districts under study. The findings, particularly for Pb, are of concern, as Pb may negatively influence children's growth, development, school performance, and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamhsoro, Pakistan
| | - Li Ping Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yan Piaw Chua
- Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najeebullah Channa
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamhsoro, Pakistan
| | - Ubed-Ur-Rehman Memon
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamhsoro, Pakistan
| | - Joshua V Garn
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Aneela Yasmin
- Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
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Cantoni B, Penserini L, Vries D, Dingemans MML, Bokkers BGH, Turolla A, Smeets PWMH, Antonelli M. Development of a quantitative chemical risk assessment (QCRA) procedure for contaminants of emerging concern in drinking water supply. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 194:116911. [PMID: 33607390 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainties on the occurrence, fate and hazard of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) increasingly challenge drinking water (DW) utilities whether additional measures should be taken to reduce the health risk. This has led to the development and evaluation of risk-based approaches by the scientific community. DW guideline values are commonly derived based on deterministic chemical risk assessment (CRA). Here, we propose a new probabilistic procedure, that is a quantitative chemical risk assessment (QCRA), to assess potential health risk related to the occurrence of CECs in DW. The QCRA includes uncertainties in risk calculation in both exposure and hazard assessments. To quantify the health risk in terms of the benchmark quotient probabilistic distribution, the QCRA estimates the probabilistic distribution of CECs concentration in DW based on their concentration in source water and simulating the breakthrough curves of a granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment process. The model inputs and output uncertainties were evaluated by sensitivity and uncertainty analyses for each step of the risk assessment to identify the most relevant factors affecting risk estimation. Dominant factors resulted to be the concentration of CECs in water sources, GAC isotherm parameters and toxicological data. To stress the potential of this new QCRA approach, several case studies are considered with focus on bisphenol A as an example CEC and various GAC management options. QCRA quantifies the probabilistic risk, providing more insight compared to CRA. QCRA proved to be more effective in supporting the intervention prioritization for treatment optimization to pursue health risk minimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cantoni
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Penserini
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Vries
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas G H Bokkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Antonelli
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Tian Y, Li J, Jia S, Zhao W. Co-release potential and human health risk of heavy metals from galvanized steel pipe scales under stagnation conditions of drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129270. [PMID: 33338723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The re-release of heavy metals accumulated in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) may pose a significant threat to water quality and human health. In this work, the pipe scales in the actual DWDS were collected, and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated by SEM, XRF, XRD, XPS, and sequential extraction procedure. The co-release potential of heavy metals under different scale dosages, temperatures, and stagnation times was explored by stagnation release tests. Pearson correlation analysis on metal release and human health risk assessment was used to reveal the inter-metal correlation and potential risk of metal release. The results showed that the metal release potential under stagnation water conditions arose primarily from the acid-soluble fraction. The chronic non-carcinogenic risk of soluble metals followed the order: Mn > Fe > Zn > Pb. The risk caused by the soluble metal release could be ignored (HI < 1, HI: hazard index) under normal stagnation times (within 8 h). The major finding of this work was that Ca and Mn were more labile to release and had a significant linear co-release correlation (scale powder: R2 = 0.906, p < 0.01; pipe section: R2 = 0.982, p < 0.01), which indicated their co-existence and linear co-release. Ca was recognized as the "major metal" that affected the release of trace metals. The health risk probably increased with the release of Ca, which could also be used as an "indicator" of Mn release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Tian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shichao Jia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weigao Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Kormoker T, Idris AM, Khan MM, Tusher TR, Proshad R, Islam MS, Khadka S, Rahman S, Kabir MH, Kundu S. Spatial distribution, multivariate statistical analysis, and health risk assessment of some parameters controlling drinking water quality at selected primary schools located in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1866012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- cDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mahmud Khan
- Department of International Development Cooperation, Graduate School of Pan Pacific International, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Depatment of Public Health Engineering, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Khadka
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaira Rahman
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerable Studies (IDMVS), Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Humayun Kabir
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Bangladesh
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Weerasundara L, Ok YS, Bundschuh J. Selective removal of arsenic in water: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115668. [PMID: 33017746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Selective removal of arsenic (As) is the key challenge for any of As removal mechanisms as this not only increases the efficiency of removal of the main As species (neutral As(III) and As(V) hydroxyl-anions) but also allows for a significant reduction of waste as it does not co-remove other solutes. Selective removal has a number of benefits: it increases the capacity and lifetime of units while lowering the cost of the process. Therefore, a sustainable selective mitigation method should be considered concerning the economic resources available, the ability of infrastructure to sustain water treatment, and the options for reuse and/or safe disposal of treatment residuals. Several methods of selective As removal have been developed, such as precipitation, adsorption and modified iron and ligand exchange. The biggest challenge in selective removal of As is the presence of phosphate in water which is chemically comparable with As(V). There are two types of mechanisms involved with As removal: Coulombic or ion exchange; and Lewis acid-base interaction. Solution pH is one of the major controlling factors limiting removal efficiency since most of the above-mentioned methods depend on complexation through electrostatic effects. The different features of two different As species make the selective removal process more difficult, especially under natural conditions. Most of the selective As removal methods involve hydrated Fe(III) oxides through Lewis acid-base interaction. Microbiological methods have been studied recently for selective removal of As, and although there have been only a small number of studies, the method shows remarkable results and indicates positive prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshika Weerasundara
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Yong-Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
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Ugwu KE, Ofomatah AC. Concentration and risk assessment of toxic metals in indoor dust in selected schools in Southeast, Nigeria. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe health risk of students’ exposure to some potentially toxic metals in classroom dusts in Southeast, Nigeria was assessed. Dust particles were collected from classrooms in some public high schools and digested with aqua regia before analysis for selected metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The geoaccumulation index, contamination factor and the pollution load index were assessed from the metal concentrations of the dust. Hazard quotient and cancer risk index were used to estimate the potential health risk of students’ exposure to the metals in the dust. The metal concentrations (mg/kg) were in the ranges of 1.57–175.38 (Cr); 0.93–463.28 (Cu); 31.94.76–6623.41 (Fe); 4.96–143.98 (Ni); 2.64–375.27 (Zn); and 2.35–53.96 (Pb).The geo-accumulation index values showed that all the dust samples were polluted with Fe and Cr; and unpolluted with other metals with few exemptions. The contamination factor values showed that all the schools but one had a low contamination status due to Ni and Cu. There was moderate contamination by Pb at all the schools but two. All the schools had high contamination of Cr and Fe. The pollution load index indicated that the quality of all the classrooms was deteriorated. The calculated values of hazard quotient indicated that ingestion of dust at most of the classrooms would have no significant risk of non-carcinogenic effects on the health of the students. Dermal contact with the dust at all the classrooms would expose students to adverse effects of Fe. There will be adverse effect due to Pb for dermal contact with dust at most of the schools. Ingestion of dust particles at classrooms in all the schools would have carcinogenic effect due to Ni. Correlation analysis indicated that the sources of the metals varied. This study provided baseline data for relevant bodies to use in monitoring and controlling pollution so as to protect students from toxic metals.
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