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Hernandez-Navarro I, Botana L, Diez-Mata J, Tesoro L, Jimenez-Guirado B, Gonzalez-Cucharero C, Alcharani N, Zamorano JL, Saura M, Zaragoza C. Replicative Endothelial Cell Senescence May Lead to Endothelial Dysfunction by Increasing the BH2/BH4 Ratio Induced by Oxidative Stress, Reducing BH4 Availability, and Decreasing the Expression of eNOS. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9890. [PMID: 39337378 PMCID: PMC11432946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is associated with the development of cardiovascular complications, in which endothelial cell senescence (ES) may play a critical role. Nitric oxide (NO) prevents human ES through inhibition of oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling by mechanisms yet to be elucidated. Endothelial cells undergo an irreversible growth arrest and alter their functional state after a finite number of divisions, a phenomenon called replicative senescence. We assessed the contribution of NO during replicative senescence of human aortic (HAEC) and coronary (CAEC) endothelial cells, in which accumulation of the senescence marker SA-β-Gal was quantified by β-galactosidase staining on cultured cells. We found a negative correlation in passaged cell cultures from P0 to P12, between a reduction in NO production with increased ES and the formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (ONOO-) species, indicative of oxidative and nitrosative stress. The effect of ES was evidenced by reduced expression of endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), Interleukin Linked Kinase (ILK), and Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), alongside a significant increase in the BH2/BH4 ratio, inducing the uncoupling of eNOS, favoring the production of superoxide and peroxynitrite species, and fostering an inflammatory environment, as confirmed by the levels of Cyclophilin A (CypA) and its receptor Extracellular Matrix Metalloprotease Inducer (EMMPRIN). NO prevents ES by preventing the uncoupling of eNOS, in which oxidation of BH4, which plays a key role in eNOS producing NO, may play a critical role in launching the release of free radical species, triggering an aging-related inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Hernandez-Navarro
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Botana
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Diez-Mata
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Tesoro
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jimenez-Guirado
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Cucharero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nunzio Alcharani
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Zamorano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Saura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Fisiología, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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Campos JDO, Oliveira TLPSDA, Vitalis O, Pereira JG, Nogueira IDCR, Santos GCJ, Chikh K, Leandro CG, da Costa-Silva JH, Pirola L. Association between Childhood Overweight and Altered Concentrations of Circulating Amino Acids. Nutrients 2024; 16:1843. [PMID: 38931197 PMCID: PMC11206240 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dysregulated serum amino acids (AA) are known to be associated with obesity and risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in adults, and recent studies support the same notion in the pubertal age. It is, however, unknown whether childhood overweight may already display alterations of circulating AA. (2) Methods: We used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-targeted metabolomics to determine plasma concentrations of AA and AA-related molecules in 36 children aged 7-12 years with normal weight or overweight. Clinical and anthropometric parameters were measured. (3) Results: Overweight in children is associated with an altered AA profile, with increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and decreased glycine levels, with no clinically manifested metabolic conditions. Moreover, z-BMI was positively and negatively correlated with BCAA and glycine levels, respectively, even after adjustment for age and gender. We also found a correlation between the AA profile and clinical parameters such as lipids profile and glycemia. (4) Conclusions: A pattern of low glycine, and increased BCAA is correlated to z-BMI, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in overweight but otherwise healthy children. Our data suggest that, in childhood overweight, AA disturbances may precede other clinical parameters, thus providing an early indicator for the later development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Oliveira Campos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; (O.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Tafnes Laís Pereira Santos de Almeida Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Oriane Vitalis
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; (O.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Jéssica Gonzaga Pereira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Isabella da Costa Ribeiro Nogueira
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Karim Chikh
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; (O.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Carol Gois Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - João Henrique da Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (J.d.O.C.); (T.L.P.S.d.A.O.); (J.G.P.); (C.G.L.); (J.H.d.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Physical Evaluation and Signal Processing, Academic Center of Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil; (I.d.C.R.N.); (G.C.J.S.)
| | - Luciano Pirola
- INSERM Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; (O.V.); (K.C.)
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Gong Y, Li T, Liu Q, Wang X, Deng Z, Cheng L, Yu B, Liu H. Analysis of differential metabolites in serum metabolomics of patients with aortic dissection. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 38664632 PMCID: PMC11044603 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers of aortic dissection (AD) can be categorized through the analysis of differential metabolites in serum. Analysis of differential metabolites in serum provides new methods for exploring the early diagnosis and treatment of aortic dissection. OBJECTIVES This study examined affected metabolic pathways to assess the diagnostic value of metabolomics biomarkers in clients with AD. METHOD The serum from 30 patients with AD and 30 healthy people was collected. The most diagnostic metabolite markers were determined using metabolomic analysis and related metabolic pathways were explored. RESULTS In total, 71 differential metabolites were identified. The altered metabolic pathways included reduced phospholipid catabolism and four different metabolites considered of most diagnostic value including N2-gamma-glutamylglutamine, PC(phocholines) (20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/15:0), propionyl carnitine, and taurine. These four predictive metabolic biomarkers accurately classified AD patient and healthy control (HC) samples with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9875. Based on the value of the four different metabolites, a formula was created to calculate the risk of aortic dissection. Risk score = (N2-gamma-glutamylglutamine × -0.684) + (PC (20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/15:0) × 0.427) + (propionyl carnitine × 0.523) + (taurine × -1.242). An additional metabolic pathways model related to aortic dissection was explored. CONCLUSION Metabolomics can assist in investigating the metabolic disorders associated with AD and facilitate a more in-depth search for potential metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Tangzhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Qiyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Zixian Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- Luohu People's Hospital (Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
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4
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Khatun M, Haque N, Siddique AE, Wahed AS, Islam MS, Khan S, Jubayar AM, Sadi J, Kabir E, Shila TT, Islam Z, Sarker MK, Banna HU, Hossain S, Sumi D, Saud ZA, Barchowsky A, Himeno S, Hossain K. Arsenic Exposure-Related Hypertension in Bangladesh and Reduced Circulating Nitric Oxide Bioavailability. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:47003. [PMID: 38573329 PMCID: PMC10993991 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major cause of death worldwide. Although arsenic exposure has been associated with the risk of hypertension, this association appears nonuniform due to inconsistent results from studies conducted in different populations. Moreover, hypertension is a complex condition with multiple underlying mechanisms and factors. One factor is impaired production and bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide (NO). However, the implications of the effects of arsenic exposure on circulating NO and its association with hypertension in humans are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the dose-response relationship between arsenic exposure and hypertension with vascular NO levels as a potential mediator of arsenic-related hypertension in individuals exposed to a broad range of arsenic. METHODS A total of 828 participants were recruited from low- and high-arsenic exposure areas in Bangladesh. Participants' drinking water, hair, and nail arsenic concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) value of ≥ 140 and a diastolic (DBP) value of ≥ 90 mmHg . Serum NO levels reflected by total serum nitrite concentrations were measured by immunoassay. A formal causal mediation analysis was used to assess NO as a mediator of the association between arsenic level and hypertension. RESULTS Increasing concentrations of arsenic measured in drinking water, hair, and nails were associated with the increasing levels of SBP and DBP. The odds of hypertension were dose-dependently increased by arsenic even in participants exposed to relatively low to moderate levels (10 - 50 μ g / L ) of water arsenic [odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 2.87 (95% CI: 1.28, 6.44), 2.67 (95% CI: 1.27, 5.60), and 5.04 (95% CI: 2.71, 9.35) for the 10 - 50 μ g / L , 50.01 - 150 μ g / L , and > 150 μ g / L groups, respectively]. Causal mediation analysis showed a significant mediating effect of NO on arsenic-related SBP, DBP, and hypertension. CONCLUSION Increasing exposure to arsenic was associated with increasing odds of hypertension. The association was mediated through the reduction of vascular NO bioavailability, suggesting that impaired NO bioavailability was a plausible underlying mechanism of arsenic-induced hypertension in this Bangladeshi population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriom Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Eabrahim Siddique
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Abdus S. Wahed
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Md. Shofikul Islam
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Shuchismita Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsanul Mahbub Jubayar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Junayed Sadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnim Tabassum Shila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Zohurul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Ul Banna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Daigo Sumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
- Division of Health Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Hatabah D, De Marco T, McGlothlin DP, Malloy M, Reyes LZ, Korman R, Kato GJ, Morris CR. Low global arginine bioavailability: a common phenomenon in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L514-L515. [PMID: 38587550 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00026.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Hatabah
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Teresa De Marco
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Dana P McGlothlin
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Mary Malloy
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Loretta Z Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rawan Korman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Gregory J Kato
- Blood Science Consulting, Tilghman, Maryland, United States
| | - Claudia R Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Dong N, Jiang B, Chang Y, Wang Y, Xue C. Integrated Omics Approach: Revealing the Mechanism of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa Protein Extract Replacing Fetal Bovine Serum for Fish Muscle Cell Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6064-6076. [PMID: 38465450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The process of producing cell-cultured meat involves utilizing a significant amount of culture medium, including fetal bovine serum (FBS), which represents a considerable portion of production expense while also raising environmental and safety concerns. This study demonstrated that supplementation with Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa protein extract (APE) under low-serum conditions substantially increased Carassius auratus muscle (CAM) cell proliferation and heightened the expression of Myf5 compared to the absence of APE. An integrated intracellular metabolomics and proteomics analysis revealed a total of 13 and 67 differentially expressed metabolites and proteins, respectively, after supplementation with APE in the medium containing 5%FBS, modulating specific metabolism and signaling pathways, which explained the application of APE for passage cell culture under low-serum conditions. Further analysis revealed that the bioactive factors in the APE were protein components. Moreover, CAM cells cultured in reconstructed serum-free media containing APE, l-ascorbic acid, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and ethanolamine exhibited significantly accelerated growth in a scale-up culture. These findings suggest a promising alternative to FBS for fish muscle cell culture that can help reduce production costs and environmental impact in the production of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Bingxue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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7
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Huang Y, Lin Q, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Ma Y, Wu K, Ning Z, Zhang Z, Liu N, Li M, Liu Y, Tu T, Liu Q. Amino acid profile alteration in age-related atrial fibrillation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:259. [PMID: 38461346 PMCID: PMC10925006 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids (AAs) are one of the primary metabolic substrates for cardiac work. The correlation between AAs and both atrial fibrillation (AF) and aging has been documented. However, the relationship between AAs and age-related AF remains unclear. METHODS Initially, the plasma AA levels of persistent AF patients and control subjects were assessed, and the correlations between AA levels, age, and other clinical indicators were explored. Subsequently, the age-related AF mouse model was constructed and the untargeted myocardial metabolomics was conducted to detect the level of AAs and related metabolites. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition associated with age-related AF was detected by a 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis on mouse fecal samples. RESULTS Higher circulation levels of lysine (Student's t-test, P = 0.001), tyrosine (P = 0.002), glutamic acid (P = 0.008), methionine (P = 0.008), and isoleucine (P = 0.014), while a lower level of glycine (P = 0.003) were observed in persistent AF patients. The feature AAs identified by machine learning algorithms were glutamic acid and methionine. The association between AAs and age differs between AF and control subjects. Distinct patterns of AA metabolic profiles were observed in the myocardial metabolites of aged AF mice. Aged AF mice had lower levels of Betaine, L-histidine, L-alanine, L-arginine, L-Pyroglutamic acid, and L-Citrulline compared with adult AF mice. Aged AF mice also presented a different gut microbiota pattern, and its functional prediction analysis showed AA metabolism alteration. CONCLUSION This study provided a comprehensive network of AA disturbances in age-related AF from multiple dimensions, including plasma, myocardium, and gut microbiota. Disturbances of AAs may serve as AF biomarkers, and restoring their homeostasis may have potential benefits for the management of age-related AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuzhen Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxu Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuodong Ning
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Stumpf F, Wunderle C, Ritz J, Bernasconi L, Neyer P, Tribolet P, Stanga Z, Mueller B, Bischoff SC, Schuetz P. Prognostic implications of the arginine metabolism in patients at nutritional risk: A secondary analysis of the randomized EFFORT trial. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:660-673. [PMID: 38309228 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid, is key component in metabolic pathways including immune regulation and protein synthesis. Depletion of arginine contributes to worse outcomes in severely ill and surgical patient populations. We assessed prognostic implications of arginine levels and its metabolites and ratios in polymorbid medical inpatients at nutritional risk regarding clinical outcomes and treatment response. METHODS Within this secondary analysis of the randomized controlled Effect of early nutritional support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of malnourished medical inpatients Trial (EFFORT), we investigated the association of arginine, its metabolites and ratios (i.e., ADMA and SDMA, ratios of arginine/ADMA, arginine/ornithine, and global arginine bioavailability ratio) measured on hospital admission with short-term and long-term mortality by means of regression analysis. RESULTS Among the 231 patients with available measurements, low arginine levels ≤90.05 μmol/l (n = 86; 37 %) were associated with higher all-cause mortality at 30 days (primary endpoint, adjusted HR 3.27, 95 % CI 1.86 to 5.75, p < 0.001) and at 5 years (adjusted HR 1.50, 95 % CI 1.07 to 2.12, p = 0.020). Arginine metabolites and ratios were also associated with adverse outcome, but had lower prognostic value. There was, however, no evidence that treatment response was influenced by admission arginine levels. CONCLUSION This secondary analysis focusing on medical inpatients at nutritional risk confirms a strong association of low plasma arginine levels and worse clinical courses. The potential effects of arginine-enriched nutritional supplements should be investigated in this population of patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517476 (registered 7 August 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Stumpf
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carla Wunderle
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Ritz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Tribolet
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Falkenplatz 24, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Life Sciences University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Ma Z, Liu D, Zhou M, Gu S, Zuo H. Plasma levels of urea cycle related amino acids in association with risk of ischemic stroke: Findings from a nested case-control study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107531. [PMID: 38101276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of urea cycle related amino acids in the development of ischemic stroke (IS) remains unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the association of these amino acids with IS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested within a cohort study in Changshu, Eastern China. A total of 321 cases and 321 controls matched by age and gender were finally included. Plasma levels of ornithine, arginine, spermidine, and proline were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Plasma ornithine was inversely associated with risk of IS [crude OR: 0.62 (95 % CI: 0.40-0.97)]. After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, hypertension, family history of stroke, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and total cholesterol, the corresponding ORs for the highest compared to the lowest quartiles was essentially unchanged [adjusted OR: 0.62 (95 % CI: 0.39-0.99)]. The risk association remained significant after repeating the analyses by excluding the first two years of follow-up. Plasma arginine, spermidine, and proline were not associated with the risk of IS. CONCLUSION We observed that higher plasma levels of ornithine were associated with a lower risk of incident IS. Our novel findings suggest a protective role of ornithine in the pathogenesis of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Ma
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shujun Gu
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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10
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Rus A, López-Sánchez JA, Martínez-Martos JM, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Molina F, Correa-Rodríguez M, Aguilar-Ferrándiz ME. Predictive Ability of Serum Amino Acid Levels to Differentiate Fibromyalgia Patients from Healthy Subjects. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:113-128. [PMID: 37843759 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia is a complex illness to diagnose and treat. OBJECTIVES To evaluate a broad range of circulating free amino acid (AA) levels in fibromyalgia patients as well as the ability of the AAs to differentiate fibromyalgia patients from healthy subjects. DESIGN We carried out a case-control study to evaluate AA levels in 62 patients with fibromyalgia and 78 healthy subjects. This study adheres to the STROBE guidelines. METHODS AAs content was assayed by HPLC in serum samples. The predictive value of AA levels in fibromyalgia was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and forward binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Fibromyalgia patients showed higher serum levels of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, aminoadipic acid, asparagine, histidine, 3-methyl-histidine, 5-methyl-histidine, glycine, threonine, taurine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, leucine, ornithine, lysine, branched chain AAs (BCAAs), large neutral AAs, essential AAs (EAAs), non-essential AAs (NEAAs), basic AAs, EAAs/NEAAs ratio, phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio, and global arginine bioavailability ratio than the controls. Serum alanine levels were lower in patients than in controls. According to ROC analysis, most of these AAs may be good markers for differentiating individuals with fibromyalgia from healthy subjects. Results of logistic regression showed that the combination of glutamic acid, histidine, and alanine had the greatest predictive ability to diagnose fibromyalgia. CONCLUSIONS Our results show an imbalance in serum levels of most AAs in patients with fibromyalgia, which suggest a metabolic disturbance. The determination of serum levels of these AAs may aid in the diagnosis of fibromyalgia, in combination with clinical data of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - José Alberto López-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - María Encarnación Aguilar-Ferrándiz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
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11
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Mao T, Xie L, Guo Y, Ji X, Wan J, Cui X, Fan Q, Liu W, Wang S, Han W, Lin Q, Jia W. Mechanistic exploration of Yiqi Liangxue Shengji prescription on restenosis after balloon injury by integrating metabolomics with network pharmacology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1260-1273. [PMID: 37602438 PMCID: PMC10443980 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2244533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Yiqi Liangxue Shengji prescription (YQLXSJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has long been used for treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVE To investigate the putative pharmacological mechanism of YQLXSJ on restenosis through an integrated approach utilizing metabolomics and network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham, model, YQLXSJ, and positive groups. YQLXSJ group received the treatment of YQLXSJ (6 g/kg/d, i.g.) and the positive group was treated with atorvastatin (2 mg/kg/d, i.g.). After 4 weeks, the improvement in intimal hyperplasia was evaluated by ultrasound, H&E staining, and immunofluorescence. UPLC-MS/MS technology was utilized to screen the differential metabolites. Network pharmacology was conducted using TCMSP, GeneCards, and Metascape, etc., in combination with metabolomics. Eventually, the core targets were acquired and validated. RESULTS Compared to models, YQLXSJ exhibited decreased intima-media thickness on ultrasound (0.23 ± 0.02 mm vs. 0.20 ± 0.01 mm, p < 0.01) and reduced intima thickness by H&E (30.12 ± 6.05 μm vs. 14.32 ± 1.37 μm, p < 0.01). We identified 18 differential metabolites and 5 core targets such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), ornithine decarboxylase-1 (ODC1) and group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A). These targets were further confirmed by molecular docking and ELISA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the effects of YQLXSJ on restenosis and reveals some biomarkers. TCM has great potential in the prevention and treatment of restenosis by improving metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Fengtai District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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12
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Zeamer AL, Salive MC, An X, Beaudoin FL, House SL, Stevens JS, Zeng D, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Linnstaedt SD, Rauch SL, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Swor RA, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Harris E, Pearson C, Peak DA, Merchant RC, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, O'Neil BJ, Sergot P, Sanchez LD, Bruce SE, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, McLean SA, Bucci V, Haran JP. Association between microbiome and the development of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae after traumatic stress exposure. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:354. [PMID: 37980332 PMCID: PMC10657470 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients exposed to trauma often experience high rates of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS). The biological mechanisms promoting APNS are currently unknown, but the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers an avenue to understanding mechanisms as well as possibilities for intervention. Microbiome composition after trauma exposure has been poorly examined regarding neuropsychiatric outcomes. We aimed to determine whether the gut microbiomes of trauma-exposed emergency department patients who develop APNS have dysfunctional gut microbiome profiles and discover potential associated mechanisms. We performed metagenomic analysis on stool samples (n = 51) from a subset of adults enrolled in the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA (AURORA) study. Two-, eight- and twelve-week post-trauma outcomes for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD checklist for DSM-5), normalized depression scores (PROMIS Depression Short Form 8b) and somatic symptom counts were collected. Generalized linear models were created for each outcome using microbial abundances and relevant demographics. Mixed-effect random forest machine learning models were used to identify associations between APNS outcomes and microbial features and encoded metabolic pathways from stool metagenomics. Microbial species, including Flavonifractor plautii, Ruminococcus gnavus and, Bifidobacterium species, which are prevalent commensal gut microbes, were found to be important in predicting worse APNS outcomes from microbial abundance data. Notably, through APNS outcome modeling using microbial metabolic pathways, worse APNS outcomes were highly predicted by decreased L-arginine related pathway genes and increased citrulline and ornithine pathways. Common commensal microbial species are enriched in individuals who develop APNS. More notably, we identified a biological mechanism through which the gut microbiome reduces global arginine bioavailability, a metabolic change that has also been demonstrated in the plasma of patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Zeamer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Salive
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Francesca L Beaudoin
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stacey L House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Many Brains Project, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Alan B Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Paul I Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Brittany E Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert A Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Lauren A Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark J Seamon
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica Harris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David A Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland C Merchant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Trinity Health-Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Niels K Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Samuel A McLean
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - John P Haran
- Department of Microbiology and Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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13
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Ishinoda Y, Masaki N, Hitomi Y, Taruoka A, Kawai A, Iwashita M, Yumita Y, Kagami K, Yasuda R, Ido Y, Toya T, Ikegami Y, Namba T, Nagatomo Y, Miyazaki K, Takase B, Adachi T. A Low Arginine/Ornithine Ratio is Associated with Long-Term Cardiovascular Mortality. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1364-1375. [PMID: 36775332 PMCID: PMC10564648 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The long-term prognostic value of the bioavailability of L-arginine, an important source of nitric oxide for the maintenance of vascular endothelial function, has not been investigated fully. We therefore investigated the relationship between amino acid profile and long-term prognosis in patients with a history of standby coronary angiography. METHODS We measured the serum concentrations of L-arginine, L-citrulline, and L-ornithine by high-speed liquid chromatography. We examined the relationship between the L-arginine/L-ornithine ratio and the incidence of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in 262 patients (202 men and 60 women, age 65±13 years) who underwent coronary angiography over a period of ≤ 10 years. RESULTS During the observation period of 5.5±3.2 years, 31 (12%) patients died, including 20 (8%) of cardiovascular death, while 32 (12%) had MACEs. Cox regression analysis revealed that L-arginine/L-ornithine ratio was associated with an increased risk for all-cause death (unadjusted hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval) (0.940, 0.888-0.995) and cardiovascular death (0.895, 0.821-0.965) (p<0.05 for all). In a model adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, current smoking, renal function, and log10-transformed brain natriuretic peptide level, cardiovascular death (0.911, 0.839-0.990, p=0.028) retained an association with a low L-arginine/ L-ornithine ratio. When the patients were grouped according to an L-arginine/L-ornithine ratio of 1.16, the lower L-arginine/L-ornithine ratio group had significantly higher incidence of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and MACEs. CONCLUSION A low L-arginine/L-ornithine ratio may be associated with increased 10-year cardiac mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishinoda
- Department of Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department o f Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hitomi
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Taruoka
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akane Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Midori Iwashita
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yumita
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Risako Yasuda
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takumi Toya
- Department o f Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukinori Ikegami
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Namba
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Miyazaki
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bonpei Takase
- Department o f Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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14
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Shimabukuro M. L-Arginine, Nitric Oxide, and Endothelial Dysfunction Underlying Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1311-1312. [PMID: 37245961 PMCID: PMC10564653 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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15
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Regan JA, Mentz RJ, Nguyen M, Green JB, Truby LK, Ilkayeva O, Newgard CB, Buse JB, Sourij H, Sjöström CD, Sattar N, McGarrah RW, Zheng Y, McGuire DK, Standl E, Armstrong P, Peterson ED, Hernandez AF, Holman RR, Shah SH. Mitochondrial metabolites predict adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with diabetes. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168563. [PMID: 37552540 PMCID: PMC10544215 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) event (MACE) risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remain unclear. We hypothesized that circulating metabolites reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction predict incident MACE in T2D. Targeted mass-spectrometry profiling of 60 metabolites was performed on baseline plasma samples from the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS; discovery cohort) and Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL; validation cohort) biomarker substudy cohorts. A principal components analysis metabolite factor comprising medium-chain acylcarnitines (MCACs) was associated with MACE in TECOS and validated in EXSCEL, with higher levels associated with higher MACE risk. Meta-analysis showed that long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) and dicarboxylacylcarnitines were also associated with MACE. Metabolites remained associated with MACE in multivariate models and favorably changed with exenatide therapy. A third cohort (Cardiac Catheterization Genetics [CATHGEN]) with T2D was assessed to determine whether these metabolites improved discriminative capability of multivariate models for MACE. Nine metabolites (MCACs and LCACs and 1 dicarboxylacylcarnitine) were associated with time to MACE in the CATHGEN cohort. Addition of these metabolites to clinical models minimally improved the discriminative capability for MACE but did significantly down reclassify risk. Thus, metabolites reporting on dysregulated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation are present in higher levels in individuals with T2D who experience subsequent MACE. These biomarkers may improve CV risk prediction models, be therapy responsive, and highlight emerging risk mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Regan
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J. Mentz
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maggie Nguyen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Green
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren K. Truby
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - John B. Buse
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harald Sourij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C. David Sjöström
- Late-stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W. McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yinggan Zheng
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren K. McGuire
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eberhard Standl
- Diabetes Research Group at Munich Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Armstrong
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric D. Peterson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adrian F. Hernandez
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rury R. Holman
- Diabetes Trials Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Yu X, Ge P, Zhai Y, Liu W, Zhang Q, Ye X, Liu X, Wang R, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang D. Plasma urea cycle metabolite levels and the risk of moyamoya disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1163733. [PMID: 37492403 PMCID: PMC10363741 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1163733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Urea cycle metabolites are expected to be the biomarkers for cerebrovascular diseases. However, the effects of circulating urea cycle metabolites on the risk of MMD and its subcategories remain unclear. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between plasma urea cycle metabolites and the risk of MMD and its subcategories. Methods We measured plasma urea cycle metabolite levels for 360 adult MMD patients and 89 matched healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were obtained from the medical record. The study was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. Results After multivariate adjustment, the risk of MMD increased with each increment in ornithine level (per natural log [ornithine] increment: OR, 3.893; 95% CI, 1.366-11.090). The risk of MMD decreased with each increment in arginine level (per natural log [arginine] increment: OR, 0.109; 95% CI, 0.028-0.427), urea level (per natural log [urea] increment: OR, 0.261; 95% CI, 0.072-0.940), and global arginine bioavailability ratio (GABR) level (per natural log [GABR] increment: OR, 0.189; 95% CI, 0.074-0.484). The addition of plasma arginine (integrated discrimination improvement: 1.76%, p = 0.021) or GABR (integrated discrimination improvement: 1.76%, p = 0.004) to conventional risk factors significantly improved the risk reclassification for MMD. Conclusion Plasma ornithine levels are positively associated with the risk of MMD. By contrast, the levels of arginine, urea, and GABR are inversely related to the risk of MMD. Plasma urea cycle metabolites might be potential biomarkers for the risk of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanren Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Xingju Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Lai Q, Wu L, Dong S, Zhu X, Fan Z, Kou J, Liu F, Yu B, Li F. Inhibition of KMO Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia Injury via Maintaining Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Balance. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3077-3098. [PMID: 37416768 PMCID: PMC10321280 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Looking for early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is the key to ensuring prompt treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI). Here, a novel biomarker xanthurenic acid (XA) was identified based on metabolomics and exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of MI patients. Additionally, the elevation of XA was proved to induce myocardial injury in vivo by promoting myocardial apoptosis and ferroptosis. Combining metabolomics and transcriptional data further revealed that kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) profoundly increased in MI mice, and was closely associated with the elevation of XA. More importantly, pharmacological or heart-specific inhibition of KMO obviously suppressed the elevation of XA and profoundly ameliorated the OGD-induced cardiomyocytes injury and the ligation-induced MI injury. Mechanistically, KMO inhibition effectively restrained myocardial apoptosis and ferroptosis by modulating mitochondrial fission and fusion. In addition, virtual screening and experimental validation were adopted to identify ginsenoside Rb3 as a novel inhibitor of KMO and exhibited great cardioprotective effects by regulating mitochondrial dynamical balance. Taken together, targeting KMO may provide a new approach for the clinical treatment of MI through maintaining mitochondrial fusion and fission balance, and ginsenoside Rb3 showed great potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic drug targeting KMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shuhong Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
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18
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Reyes LZ, Winterberg PD, George RP, Kelleman M, Harris F, Jo H, Brown LAS, Morris CR. Arginine Dysregulation and Myocardial Dysfunction in a Mouse Model and Children with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:2162. [PMID: 37432321 PMCID: PMC10181438 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Arginine, the endogenous precursor for nitric oxide synthesis, is produced in the kidneys. Arginine bioavailability contributes to endothelial and myocardial dysfunction in CKD. Plasma from 129X1/SvJ mice with and without CKD (5/6th nephrectomy), and banked plasma from children with and without CKD were analyzed for amino acids involved in arginine metabolism, ADMA, and arginase activity. Echocardiographic measures of myocardial function were compared with plasma analytes. In a separate experiment, a non-specific arginase inhibitor was administered to mice with and without CKD. Plasma citrulline and glutamine concentrations correlated with multiple measures of myocardial dysfunction. Plasma arginase activity was significantly increased in CKD mice at 16 weeks vs. 8 weeks (p = 0.002) and ventricular strain improved after arginase inhibition in mice with CKD (p = 0.03). In children on dialysis, arginase activity was significantly increased vs. healthy controls (p = 0.04). Increasing ADMA correlated with increasing RWT in children with CKD (r = 0.54; p = 0.003). In a mouse model, and children, with CKD, arginine dysregulation correlates with myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Z. Reyes
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pamela D. Winterberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roshan Punnoose George
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Kelleman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Frank Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lou Ann S. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia R. Morris
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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19
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Durante W. Glutamine Deficiency Promotes Immune and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7593. [PMID: 37108759 PMCID: PMC10144995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of almost 7 million people worldwide. While vaccinations and new antiviral drugs have greatly reduced the number of COVID-19 cases, there remains a need for additional therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease. Accumulating clinical data have discovered a deficiency of circulating glutamine in patients with COVID-19 that associates with disease severity. Glutamine is a semi-essential amino acid that is metabolized to a plethora of metabolites that serve as central modulators of immune and endothelial cell function. A majority of glutamine is metabolized to glutamate and ammonia by the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase (GLS). Notably, GLS activity is upregulated in COVID-19, favoring the catabolism of glutamine. This disturbance in glutamine metabolism may provoke immune and endothelial cell dysfunction that contributes to the development of severe infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, vasospasm, and coagulopathy, which leads to vascular occlusion, multi-organ failure, and death. Strategies that restore the plasma concentration of glutamine, its metabolites, and/or its downstream effectors, in conjunction with antiviral drugs, represent a promising therapeutic approach that may restore immune and endothelial cell function and prevent the development of occlusive vascular disease in patients stricken with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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20
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Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Płoska A, Wierońska JM, Dobrucki LW, Kalinowski L. Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:21. [PMID: 36890458 PMCID: PMC9996905 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules released by endothelial cells, and its antiatherogenic properties support cardiovascular homeostasis. Diminished NO bioavailability is a common hallmark of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Vascular NO is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the substrate L-arginine (L-Arg), with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as an essential cofactor. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, aging, or smoking increase vascular oxidative stress that strongly affects eNOS activity and leads to eNOS uncoupling. Uncoupled eNOS produces superoxide anion (O2-) instead of NO, thus becoming a source of harmful free radicals exacerbating the oxidative stress further. eNOS uncoupling is thought to be one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction observed in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, including oxidative depletion of the critical eNOS cofactor BH4, deficiency of eNOS substrate L-Arg, or accumulation of its analog asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and eNOS S-glutathionylation. Moreover, potential therapeutic approaches that prevent eNOS uncoupling by improving cofactor availability, restoration of L-Arg/ADMA ratio, or modulation of eNOS S-glutathionylation are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Department of Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave, MC-251, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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21
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Calvani R, Gervasoni J, Picca A, Ciciarello F, Galluzzo V, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Di Mario C, Gremese E, Lomuscio S, Paglionico AM, Santucci L, Tolusso B, Urbani A, Marini F, Marzetti E, Landi F, Tosato M. Effects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on l-Arginine Metabolism in Adults with Long COVID: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065078. [PMID: 36982151 PMCID: PMC10049539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered l-arginine metabolism has been described in patients with COVID-19 and has been associated with immune and vascular dysfunction. In the present investigation, we determined the serum concentrations of l-arginine, citrulline, ornithine, monomethyl-l-arginine (MMA), and symmetric and asymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA, ADMA) in adults with long COVID at baseline and after 28-days of l-arginine plus vitamin C or placebo supplementation enrolled in a randomized clinical trial, compared with a group of adults without previous history of SARS-CoV-2-infection. l-arginine-derived markers of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (i.e., l-arginine/ADMA, l-arginine/citrulline+ornithine, and l-arginine/ornithine) were also assayed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) models were built to characterize systemic l-arginine metabolism and assess the effects of the supplementation. PLS–DA allowed discrimination of participants with long COVID from healthy controls with 80.2 ± 3.0% accuracy. Lower markers of NO bioavailability were found in participants with long COVID. After 28 days of l-arginine plus vitamin C supplementation, serum l-arginine concentrations and l-arginine/ADMA increased significantly compared with placebo. This supplement may therefore be proposed as a remedy to increase NO bioavailability in people with long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(06)-3015-5559
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Galluzzo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Di Mario
- Immunology Core Facility, Gemelli Science Technological Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Immunology Core Facility, Gemelli Science Technological Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lomuscio
- Metabolomics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lavinia Santucci
- Metabolomics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Immunology Core Facility, Gemelli Science Technological Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Tuytten R, Syngelaki A, Thomas G, Nicolaides KH. A step closer to using metabolite biomarkers to improve early pregnancy prediction of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023:S0002-9378(23)00075-3. [PMID: 36740032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Argyro Syngelaki
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kypros H Nicolaides
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, 16-20 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8BB, United Kingdom.
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23
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Thonusin C, Nawara W, Khuanjing T, Prathumsup N, Arinno A, Ongnok B, Arunsak B, Sriwichaiin S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Blood metabolomes as non-invasive biomarkers and targets of metabolic interventions for doxorubicin and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:603-618. [PMID: 36357623 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the alterations of blood metabolome levels and their association with cardiac dysfunction and cardiac injury following treatment with doxorubicin and trastuzumab. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group) to receive intraperitoneal injection with either: (1) 1 mL of normal saline solution (NSS) at days 0, 4, 8, 15, 22, and 29 (control group for doxorubicin); (2) 3 mg/kg/day of doxorubicin at days 0, 4, 8, 15, 22, and 29 (doxorubicin group); (3) 1 mL of NSS at days 0-6 (control group for trastuzumab); or (4) 4 mg/kg/day of trastuzumab at days 0-6 (trastuzumab group). Four days after the last injected dose, cardiac function was determined. The rats were then euthanized to collect venous blood and the heart for the quantification of 107 serum and 100 cardiac metabolomes using mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics. We observed strong relationships between 72 cardiac versus 61 serum metabolomes in doxorubicin and trastuzumab groups. Moreover, significant correlations between cardiac function and the cardiac injury biomarker versus 28 and 58 serum metabolomes were revealed in doxorubicin and trastuzumab-treated rats, respectively. Interestingly, the patterns of both serum and cardiac metabolome alterations differed between doxorubicin and trastuzumab groups. Our findings emphasize the potential role of the constituents of the blood metabolome as non-invasive biomarkers to assess severity and prognosis of heart failure induced by doxorubicin and trastuzumab. These findings may contribute to the development of metabolic-targeted therapy specific for cardioprotection during different phases of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanisa Thonusin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wichwara Nawara
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nanthip Prathumsup
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ongnok
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirawit Sriwichaiin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Tuytten R, Syngelaki A, Thomas G, Panigassi A, Brown LW, Ortea P, Nicolaides KH. First-trimester preterm preeclampsia prediction with metabolite biomarkers: differential prediction according to maternal body mass index. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022:S0002-9378(22)02290-6. [PMID: 36539025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of preeclampsia risk is key to informing effective maternal care. Current screening for preeclampsia at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation using maternal demographic characteristics and medical history with measurements of mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, and serum placental growth factor can identify approximately 75% of women who develop preterm preeclampsia with delivery at <37 weeks of gestation. Further improvements to preeclampsia screening tests will likely require integrating additional biomarkers. Recent research suggests the existence of distinct maternal risk profiles. Therefore, biomarker evaluation should account for the possibility that a biomarker only predicts preeclampsia in a specific maternal phenotype. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to verify metabolite biomarkers as preterm preeclampsia predictors early in pregnancy in all women and across body mass index groups. STUDY DESIGN Observational case-control study drawn from a large prospective study on the early prediction of pregnancy complications in women attending their routine first hospital visit at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom, in 2010 to 2015. Pregnant women underwent a complete first-trimester assessment, including the collection of blood samples for biobanking. In 11- to 13-week plasma samples of 2501 singleton pregnancies, the levels of preselected metabolites implicated in the prediction of pregnancy complications were analyzed using a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method, yielding high-quality quantification data on 50 metabolites. The ratios of amino acid levels involved in arginine biosynthesis and nitric oxide synthase pathways were added to the list of biomarkers. Placental growth factor and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A were also available for all study subjects, serving as comparator risk predictors. Data on 1635 control and 106 pregnancies complicated by preterm preeclampsia were considered for this analysis, normalized using multiples of medians. Prediction analyses were performed across the following patient strata: all subjects and the body mass index classes of <25, 25 to <30, and ≥30 kg/m2. Adjusted median levels were compared between cases and controls and between each body mass index class group. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated at the mean ±1 standard deviation to gauge clinical prediction merits. RESULTS The levels of 13 metabolites were associated with preterm preeclampsia in the entire study population (P<.05) with particularly significant (P<.01) associations found for 6 of them, namely, 2-hydroxy-(2/3)-methylbutyric acid, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, alanine, dodecanoylcarnitine, and 1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Fold changes in 7 amino acid ratios, all involving glutamine or ornithine, were also significantly different between cases and controls (P<.01). The predictive performance of some metabolites and ratios differed according to body mass index classification; for example, ornithine (P<.001) and several ornithine-related ratios (P<.0001 to P<.01) were only strongly associated with preterm preeclampsia in the body mass index of <25 kg/m2 group, whereas dodecanoylcarnitine and 3 glutamine ratios were particularly predictive in the body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 group (P<.01). CONCLUSION Single metabolites and ratios of amino acids related to arginine bioavailability and nitric oxide synthase pathways were associated with preterm preeclampsia risk at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation. Differential prediction was observed according to body mass index classes, supporting the existence of distinct maternal risk profiles. Future studies in preeclampsia prediction should account for the possibility of different maternal risk profiles to improve etiologic and prognostic understanding and, ultimately, clinical utility of screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Argyro Syngelaki
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Kypros H Nicolaides
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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25
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Koch V, Gruenewald LD, Gruber-Rouh T, Eichler K, Leistner DM, Mahmoudi S, Booz C, Bernatz S, D'Angelo T, Albrecht MH, Alizadeh LS, Nour-Eldin NEA, Scholtz JE, Yel I, Vogl TJ, März W, Hardt SE, Martin SS. Homoarginine in the cardiovascular system: Pathophysiology and recent developments. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:519-529. [PMID: 36509694 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upcoming experimental and epidemiological data have identified the endogenous non-proteinogenic amino acid L-homoarginine (L-hArg) not only as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease but also as being directly involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. The association of low L-hArg levels with adverse cardiovascular events and mortality has proposed the idea of nutritional supplementation to rescue pathways inversely associated with cardiovascular health. Subsequent clinical and experimental studies contributed significantly to our knowledge of potential effects on the cardiorenal axis, acting either as a biomarker or a cardiovascular active agent. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive summary of the L-hArg metabolism, pathophysiological aspects, and current developments in the field of experimental and clinical evidence in favor of protective cardiovascular effects. Establishing a reliable biomarker to identify patients at high risk to die of cardiovascular disease represents one of the main goals for tackling this disease and providing individual therapeutic guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Koch
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Katrin Eichler
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David M Leistner
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Christian Booz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Bernatz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tommaso D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Leona S Alizadeh
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Erik Scholtz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan E Hardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon S Martin
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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26
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Piatek K, Feuerstein A, Zach V, Rozados da Conceicao C, Beblo A, Belyavskiy E, Pieske‐Kraigher E, Krannich A, Schwedhelm E, Hinz S, Pieske B, Edelmann F. Nitric oxide metabolites: associations with cardiovascular biomarkers and clinical parameters in patients with HFpEF. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3961-3972. [PMID: 35979962 PMCID: PMC9773705 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the most rapidly growing cardiovascular health burden worldwide, but there is still a lack of understanding about the HFpEF pathophysiology. The nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway has been identified as a potential key element. The aim of our study was to investigate markers of NO metabolism [l-arginine (l-Arg), homoarginine (hArg), and asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA)], additional biomarkers [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), copeptin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)], and the endothelial function in an integrated approach focusing on associations with clinical characteristics in patients with HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-three patients, prospectively enrolled in the 'German HFpEF Registry', were analysed. Inclusion criteria were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%; New York Heart Association functional class ≥ II; elevated levels of NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL; and at least one additional criterion for structural heart disease or diastolic dysfunction. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and pulse amplitude tonometry (EndoPAT™). Patients were categorized in two groups based on their retrospectively calculated HFA-PEFF score. Serum concentrations of l-Arg, hArg, ADMA, SDMA, NT-proBNP, ET-1, MR-proADM, copeptin, and hsCRP were determined. Patients had a median age of 74 years, 47% were female, and median LVEF was 57%. Fifty-two patients (71%) had an HFA-PEFF score ≥ 5 (definitive HFpEF), and 21 patients (29%) a score of 3 to 4 (risk for HFpEF). Overall biomarker concentrations were 126 ± 32 μmol/L for l-Arg, 1.67 ± 0.55 μmol/L for hArg, 0.74 (0.60;0.85) μmol/L for SDMA, and 0.61 ± 0.10 μmol/L for ADMA. The median reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) was 1.55 (1.38;1.87). SDMA correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.291; P = 0.013), ET-1 (r = 0.233; P = 0.047), and copeptin (r = 0.381; P = 0.001). ADMA correlated with ET-1 (r = 0.250; P = 0.033) and hsCRP (r = 0.303; P = 0.009). SDMA was associated with the left atrial volume index (β = 0.332; P = 0.004), also after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. Biomarkers were non-associated with the RHI. A principal component analysis revealed two contrary clusters of biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an impaired NO metabolism as one possible key pathogenic determinant in at least a subgroup of patients with HFpEF. We argue for further evaluation of NO-based therapies. Upcoming studies should clarify whether subgroups of HFpEF patients can take more benefit from therapies that are targeting NO metabolism and pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Piatek
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Anna Feuerstein
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Veronika Zach
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Cristina Rozados da Conceicao
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Amelie Beblo
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Evgeny Belyavskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Elisabeth Pieske‐Kraigher
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
| | - Alexander Krannich
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/LübeckHamburgGermany
| | - Sarah Hinz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of CardiologyDeutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB)BerlinGermany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumAugustenburger Platz 1Berlin13353Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany
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27
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Soós B, Hamar A, Pusztai A, Czókolyová M, Végh E, Szamosi S, Pethő Z, Gulyás K, Kerekes G, Szántó S, Szűcs G, Christians U, Klawitter J, Seres T, Szekanecz Z. Effects of tofacitinib therapy on arginine and methionine metabolites in association with vascular pathophysiology in rheumatoid arthritis: A metabolomic approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1011734. [PMID: 36438060 PMCID: PMC9684209 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1011734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with changes in lipid, arginine and NO metabolism with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, on arginine and methionine metabolism in correlation with inflammation, functional and pathological vascular changes during one-year treatment of patients with RA. Materials and methods Thirty RA patients with active disease were treated with either 5 mg bid or 10 mg bid tofacitinib for 12 months. We determined DAS28, CRP, IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) levels. We assessed brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) by ultrasound at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. We also determined plasma L-arginine, L-citrulline, L-ornithine, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-N-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA), cysteine, homocysteine, and methionine levels at these time points. Results Twenty-six patients (13 on each arm) completed the study. CRP, ESR and DAS28 decreased significantly during one-year treatment with tofacitinib. Arginine and ADMA showed a negative univariate correlation with CRP but not with FMD, PWV or IMT. Tofacitinib at 10 mg bid significantly increased L-arginine, L-ornithine, iNOS and methionine levels after 12 months. ADMA and SDMA levels did not change in our study. Methionine showed negative correlation with FMD at baseline and positive correlation with PWV after 12 months. No change was observed in FMD and PWV but a significant increase was measured in IMT at 6 and 12 months. Multivariate analysis indicated variable correlations of L-arginine, L-citrulline, ADMA, L-NMMA, homocysteine and methionine with DAS28, CRP, ESR and RF but not with anti-CCP after one-year treatment. With respect to vascular pathophysiology, only PWV and methionine correlated with each other. Conclusion One-year tofacitinib treatment suppressed systemic inflammation and improved functional status in RA. FMD, PWV have not been affected by one-year tofacitinib treatment., while IMT increased further despite treatment. Increased arginine and methionine might contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of tofacitinib. Increased arginine availability with no changing ADMA may protect FMD and PWV from deterioration. The increase of IMT in the anti-inflammatory environment cannot be explained by arginine or methionine metabolism in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Soós
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Hamar
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Pusztai
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Monika Czókolyová
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Végh
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Szamosi
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Pethő
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gulyás
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Kerekes
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szántó
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szűcs
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tamás Seres
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Zoltán Szekanecz,
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Top WMC, Lehert P, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Kooy A. Effect of metformin on arginine and dimethylarginines in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of a randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1983-1988. [PMID: 35789192 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of metformin on plasma levels of arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), indicators of the nitric oxide pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this post hoc analysis of the HOME trial, we analysed plasma levels of arginine, ADMA and SDMA during the 4.3-year follow-up (comparing the effects of metformin versus placebo on top of insulin therapy). Statistical analysis was performed with a mixed model approach, in which simultaneously constant treatment effects were estimated, as well as time-dependent treatment effects. RESULTS We found that metformin compared with placebo did not affect ADMA or SDMA plasma levels but rapidly decreased arginine plasma levels and hence the arginine to ADMA ratio. The constant treatment effect on ADMA was 0.99 (95% CI 0.97, 1.00) relative to placebo and the time-dependent treatment effect was 1.00 (95% CI 1.00, 1.01). By contrast, the constant treatment effect on arginine was 0.86 (95% CI 0.84, 0.88), with only a minimal time-dependent change of 1.01 (95% CI 1.00, 1.01). CONCLUSIONS The potential benefits of metformin on endothelial function cannot be explained by a decrease in ADMA or by improved global arginine availability. The clinical significance of the decreased arginine plasma levels is not clear and can be harmful or beneficial, depending on the mechanism involved. However, a potential effect of metformin on the nitric oxide pathway is not restricted to the studied metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebe M C Top
- Department of Internal Medicine, Treant Care Group, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
- Bethesda Diabetes Research Center, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lehert
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics, Facultés Universitaires Catholiques de Mons, Louvain Academy, Mons, Belgium
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Kooy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Treant Care Group, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
- Bethesda Diabetes Research Center, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lin CN, Hsu KC, Huang KL, Huang WC, Hung YL, Lee TH. Identification of Metabolomics Biomarkers in Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis. Cells 2022; 11:3022. [PMID: 36230983 PMCID: PMC9563778 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical identification of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is still a challenge. Hence, 349 male subjects (176 normal controls and 173 stroke patients with extracranial CAS ≥ 50% diameter stenosis) were recruited. Blood samples were collected 14 days after stroke onset with no acute illness. Carotid plaque score (≥2, ≥5 and ≥8) was used to define CAS severity. Serum metabolites were analyzed using a targeted Absolute IDQ®p180 kit. Results showed hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption were more common, but levels of diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C, LDL-C, and cholesterol were lower in CAS patients than controls (p < 0.05), suggesting intensive medical treatment for CAS. PCA and PLS-DA did not demonstrate clear separation between controls and CAS patients. Decision tree and random forest showed that acylcarnitine species (C4, C14:1, C18), amino acids and biogenic amines (SDMA), and glycerophospholipids (PC aa C36:6, PC ae C34:3) contributed to the prediction of CAS. Metabolite panel analysis showed high specificity (0.923 ± 0.081, 0.906 ± 0.086 and 0.881 ± 0.109) but low sensitivity (0.230 ± 0.166, 0.240 ± 0.176 and 0.271 ± 0.169) in the detection of CAS (≥2, ≥5 and ≥8, respectively). The present study suggests that metabolomics profiles could help in differentiating between controls and CAS patients and in monitoring the progression of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ni Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Artificial Intelligence Center for Medical Diagnosis, and Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Huang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Hung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Li L, Li F, Hu X, Wu Z, Ren W, Wang T, Ji Z, Li N, Gu J, Sun C, Feng X, Han W, Huang J, Lei L. LAP3 contributes to IFN-γ-induced arginine depletion and malignant transformation of bovine mammary epithelial cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:864. [PMID: 35941558 PMCID: PMC9358085 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IFN-γ has been traditionally recognized as an inflammatory cytokine that involves in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Previously we have shown that sustained IFN-γ induced malignant transformation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) via arginine depletion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this is still unknown. Methods In this study, the amino acids contents in BMECs were quantified by a targeted metabolomics method. The acquisition of differentially expressed genes was mined from RNA-seq dataset and analyzed bioinformatically. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay were performed to detect gene mRNA and protein expression levels. CCK-8 and would healing assays were used to detect cell proliferation and migration abilities, respectively. Cell cycle phase alternations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The targeted metabolomics analysis specifically discovered IFN-γ induced arginine depletion through accelerating arginine catabolism and inhibiting arginine anabolism in BMECs. Transcriptome analysis identified leucine aminopeptidase 3 (LAP3), which was regulated by p38 and ERK MAPKs, to downregulate arginine level through interfering with argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) as IFN-γ stimulated. Moreover, LAP3 also contributed to IFN-γ-induced malignant transformation of BMECs by upregulation of HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) expression and promotion of cell cycle proteins cyclin A1 and D1 expressions. Arginine supplementation did not affect LAP3 and HDAC2 expressions, but slowed down cell cycle process of malignant BMECs. In clinical samples of patients with breast cancer, LAP3 was confirmed to be upregulated, while ASS1 was downregulated compared with healthy control. Conclusions These results demonstrated that LAP3 mediated IFN-γ-induced arginine depletion to malignant transformation of BMECs. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer both in humans and dairy cows. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09963-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuhong Hu
- Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1, Changchun, China.,Shannan Hospital, Shannan, China
| | - Zengshuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengchao Ji
- Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1, Changchun, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1, Changchun, China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, China.
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Metabolic Remodeling with Hepatosteatosis Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress in Hepatic ERK2 Deficiency Mice with High Fat Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158521. [PMID: 35955653 PMCID: PMC9369278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the marked hepatosteatosis and endothelial dysfunction in hepatocyte-specific ERK2 knockout mice (LE2KO) with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHSD), but detailed metabolic changes and the characteristics in insulin-sensitive organs were not tested. This study aimed to characterize metabolic remodeling with changes in insulin-sensitive organs, which could induce endothelial dysfunction in HFHSD-LE2KO. The serum glucose and fatty acid (FA) were modestly higher in HFHSD-LE2KO than HFHSD-Control. FA synthesis genes were up-regulated, which was associated with the decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, and with the up-regulation of SREBP-1 in the liver from HFHSD-LE2KO. In FA and amino acids fraction analysis, arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio, L-ornithine/arginine ratio, asymmetric dimethylarginine and homocysteine levels were elevated in HFHSD-LE2KO. Insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT was blunted in skeletal muscle. Serum leptin and IL-1β were elevated, and serum adiponectin was decreased with the enlargement of epididymal adipocytes. Finally, the enhanced superoxide levels in the aorta, which were blunted with CCCP, apocynin, and tempol, were observed in HFHSD-LE2KO. A pre-incubation of aortic rings with tempol improved endothelial dysfunction in HFHSD-LE2KO. HFHSD-LE2KO revealed an acceleration of FA synthesis in the liver leading to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and the enlargement of visceral adipocytes. Global metabolic remodeling such as changes in arginine metabolism, ω3/ω6 ratio, and adipocytokines, could affect the vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in HFHSD-LE2KO.
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Onalo R, Cilliers A, Cooper P, Morris CR. Arginine Therapy and Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics in Hospitalized Children with Sickle Cell Anemia: A Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:70-80. [PMID: 35426778 PMCID: PMC9954326 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1930oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Acute changes in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics that include tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) elevation measured by Doppler echocardiography are often encountered during sickle cell vasoocclusive pain and acute chest syndrome (ACS). Arginine and nitric oxide depletion develop in patients with these complications. Arginine administration may therefore improve nitric oxide bioavailability and potentiate pulmonary vasodilatation. Objectives: To evaluate effects of l-arginine supplementation on Doppler indices of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in children with sickle cell anemia experiencing pain. Methods: This was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial of oral arginine in children with sickle cell anemia age 5-17 years hospitalized with severe pain and/or ACS. Measurements and Main Results: Blood biomarkers and Doppler echocardiographic indices of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were measured before and after supplementation. The mean change in TRV, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and other indices of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were tested with paired Student's t test and correlated with markers of arginine bioavailability using Pearson correlation. Sixty-six children were randomized into arginine versus placebo groups. An elevated TRV ⩾ 2.5 m/s was seen in 40 (61%) patients. A Day 5 Doppler echocardiogram was performed in 47 patients who remained hospitalized. A greater reduction in median TRV occurred in the arginine group than placebo (22.2%, n = 22 vs. 3.8%, n = 25; p < 0.01). A larger percentage increase in global arginine bioavailability was associated with a lower TRV after 5 days of supplementation (r = -0.533; P = 0.001). Significant differences in multiple indices of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and mean N-terminal pro B-type brain natriuretic peptide were also noted after arginine therapy. Conclusions: Oral arginine supplementation improves cardiopulmonary hemodynamics during sickle cell disease vasoocclusive pain and ACS.Clinical trial registered with Pan African Clinical Trial Registry https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx (PACTR201611001864290).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Onalo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Antoinette Cilliers
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, and
| | - Peter Cooper
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Claudia R. Morris
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; and,Center for Clinical and Translational Research of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Conway J, Certo M, Lord JM, Mauro C, Duggal NA. Understanding the role of host metabolites in the induction of immune senescence: Future strategies for keeping the ageing population healthy. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1808-1824. [PMID: 34435354 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is accompanied by significant remodelling of the immune system, termed immune senescence, and increased systemic inflammation, termed inflammageing, both of which contribute towards an increased risk of developing chronic diseases in old age. Age-associated alterations in metabolic homeostasis have been linked with changes in a range of physiological functions, but their effects on immune senescence remains poorly understood. In this article, we review the recent literature to formulate hypotheses as to how an age-associated dysfunctional metabolism, driven by an accumulation of key host metabolites (saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, ceramides and lactate) and loss of other metabolites (glutamine, tryptophan and short-chain fatty acids), might play a role in driving immune senescence and inflammageing, ultimately leading to diseases of old age. We also highlight the potential use of metabolic immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these processes in counteracting immune senescence and restoring immune homeostasis in older adults. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Conway
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Targeting Arginine in COVID-19-Induced Immunopathology and Vasculopathy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030240. [PMID: 35323682 PMCID: PMC8953281 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a major public health crisis that has caused the death of nearly six million people worldwide. Emerging data have identified a deficiency of circulating arginine in patients with COVID-19. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that serves as key regulator of immune and vascular cell function. Arginine is metabolized by nitric oxide (NO) synthase to NO which plays a pivotal role in host defense and vascular health, whereas the catabolism of arginine by arginase to ornithine contributes to immune suppression and vascular disease. Notably, arginase activity is upregulated in COVID-19 patients in a disease-dependent fashion, favoring the production of ornithine and its metabolites from arginine over the synthesis of NO. This rewiring of arginine metabolism in COVID-19 promotes immune and endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inflammation, vasoconstriction, thrombosis, and arterial thickening, fibrosis, and stiffening, which can lead to vascular occlusion, muti-organ failure, and death. Strategies that restore the plasma concentration of arginine, inhibit arginase activity, and/or enhance the bioavailability and potency of NO represent promising therapeutic approaches that may preserve immune function and prevent the development of severe vascular disease in patients with COVID-19.
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Porro B, Eligini S, Conte E, Cosentino N, Capra N, Cavalca V, Banfi C. An Optimized MRM-Based Workflow of the l-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway Metabolites Revealed Disease- and Sex-Related Differences in the Cardiovascular Field. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031136. [PMID: 35163055 PMCID: PMC8835333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data indicate that low circulating l-homoarginine (HArg) concentrations are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. A high number of LC-based analytical methods for the quantification of HArg, in combination with the l-arginine (Arg)-related pathway metabolites, have been reported. However, these methods usually consider a limited panel of analytes. Thus, in order to achieve a comprehensive picture of the Arg metabolism, we described an improved targeted metabolomic approach based on a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of the Arg/nitric oxide (NO) pathway metabolites. This methodology was then employed to quantify the plasma concentrations of these analytes in a cohort of individuals with different grades/types of coronary artery disease (CAD) in order to increase knowledge about the role of HArg and its associated metabolites in the CV field. Our results showed that the MRM method here implemented is suitable for the simultaneous assessment of a wide panel of amino acids involved in the Arg/NO metabolic pathway in plasma samples from patients with CV disease. Further, our findings highlighted an impairment of the Arg/NO metabolic pathway, and suggest a sex-dependent regulation of this metabolic route.
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36
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Morris CR, Kuypers FA, Hagar R, Larkin S, Lavrisha L, Saulys A, Vichinsky EP, Suh JH. Implications for the Metabolic Fate of Oral Glutamine Supplementation within Plasma and Erythrocytes of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Pharmacokinetics Study. Complement Ther Med 2022; 64:102803. [PMID: 35032556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES L-Glutamine is FDA-approved for sickle cell disease (SCD), yet the mechanism(s)-of-action are poorly understood. We performed a pharmacokinetics (pK) study to determine the metabolic fate of glutamine supplementation on plasma and erythrocyte amino acids in patients with SCD. DESIGN A pK study was performed where patients with SCD fasting for >8hours received oral L-glutamine (10 grams). Blood was analyzed at baseline, 30/60/90minutes/2/3/4/8 hrs. A standardized diet was administered to all participants at 3 established time-points (after 2/5/7hrs). A subset of patients also had pK studies performed without glutamine supplementation to follow normal diurnal fluctuations in amino acids. SETTING Comprehensive SCD Center in Oakland, California RESULTS: Five patients with SCD were included, three of whom performed pK studies both with and without glutamine supplementation. Average age was 50.6 ± 5.6 years, 60% were female, 40% SS, 60% SC. Plasma glutamine levels increased significantly after oral glutamine supplementation, compared to minimal fluctuations with diet. Plasma glutamine concentration peaked within 30-minutes of ingestion (p=0.01) before decreasing to a plateau by 2-hours that remained higher than baseline by 8hours. Oral glutamine also increased plasma arginine concentration, which peaked by 4-hrs (p=0.03) and remained elevated through 8-hrs. Erythrocyte glutamine levels began to increase by 8-hours, while erythrocyte arginine concentration peaked at 4-hours. CONCLUSIONS Oral glutamine supplementation acutely improved glutamine and arginine bioavailability in both plasma and erythrocytes. This is the first study to demonstrate that glutamine therapy increases arginine bioavailability and may provide insight into shared mechanisms-of-action between these conditionally-essential amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Frans A Kuypers
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert Hagar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Larkin
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Lavrisha
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Augusta Saulys
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Elliott P Vichinsky
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jung H Suh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, UCSF-Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
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Martins AMA, Paiva MUB, Paiva DVN, de Oliveira RM, Machado HL, Alves LJSR, Picossi CRC, Faccio AT, Tavares MFM, Barbas C, Giraldez VZR, Santos RD, Monte GU, Atik FA. Innovative Approaches to Assess Intermediate Cardiovascular Risk Subjects: A Review From Clinical to Metabolomics Strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:788062. [PMID: 35004898 PMCID: PMC8727773 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current risk stratification strategies for coronary artery disease (CAD) have low predictive value in asymptomatic subjects classified as intermediate cardiovascular risk. This is relevant because not all coronary events occur in individuals with traditional multiple risk factors. Most importantly, the first manifestation of the disease may be either sudden cardiac death or acute coronary syndrome, after rupture and thrombosis of an unstable non-obstructive atherosclerotic plaque, which was previously silent. The inaccurate stratification using the current models may ultimately subject the individual to excessive or insufficient preventive therapies. A breakthrough in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms governing the atherosclerosis pathology has driven many researches toward the necessity for a better risk stratification. In this Review, we discuss how metabolomics screening integrated with traditional risk assessments becomes a powerful approach to improve non-invasive CAD subclinical diagnostics. In addition, this Review highlights the findings of metabolomics studies performed by two relevant analytical platforms in current use-mass spectrometry (MS) hyphenated to separation techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) -and evaluates critically the challenges for further clinical implementation of metabolomics data. We also discuss the modern understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the limitations of traditional analytical methods. Our aim is to show how discriminant metabolites originated from metabolomics approaches may become promising candidate molecules to aid intermediate risk patient stratification for cardiovascular events and how these tools could successfully meet the demands to translate cardiovascular metabolic biomarkers into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M. A. Martins
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University Center of Brasilia (UniCeub), Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Henrique L. Machado
- School of Medicine, University Center of Brasilia (UniCeub), Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina R. C. Picossi
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Multiplatform Metabolomics Studies (CEMM), University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa T. Faccio
- Center for Multiplatform Metabolomics Studies (CEMM), University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina F. M. Tavares
- Center for Multiplatform Metabolomics Studies (CEMM), University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviane Z. R. Giraldez
- Lipid Clinic, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul D. Santos
- Lipid Clinic, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme U. Monte
- Department of Heart Transplant, Federal District Institute of Cardiology (ICDF), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Atik
- School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Heart Transplant, Federal District Institute of Cardiology (ICDF), Brasilia, Brazil
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Cruz R, Pasqua L, Silveira A, Damasceno M, Matsuda M, Martins M, Marquezini MV, Lima-Silva AE, Saldiva P, Bertuzzi R. Traffic-related air pollution and endurance exercise: Characterizing non-targeted serum metabolomics profiling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118204. [PMID: 34560574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has emerged as one of main problem worldwide to inhabitants' health in urban centers, its impact on metabolic responses during exercise is poorly understood. The aim of study was to characterize the profile of non-target serum metabolomics during prolonged exercise performed under TRAP conditions. Ten healthy men completed two 90 min constant-load cycling trials under conditions of either TRAP or filtered air. Experimental trials were performed in a chamber located on an avenue with a high volume of vehicle traffic. Blood samples were taken at 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min of exercise. Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics, the non-target analysis was used to assess the metabolic profile. Twelve, 16 and 18 metabolites were identified as discriminants. These were: at 30 min of exercise, the coefficient of determination (R2) 0.98, the predictive relevance, (Q2) 0.12, and the area under the curve (AUC) 0.91. After 60 min of exercise: (R2: 0.99, Q2: 0.09, AUC: 0.94); and at 90 min of exercise (R2: 0.91, Q2: <0.01, AUC: 0.89), respectively. The discriminant metabolites were then considered for the target analysis, which demonstrated that the metabolic pathways of glycine and serine metabolism (p = 0.03) had been altered under TRAP conditions at 30 min of exercise; arginine and proline metabolism (p = 0.04) at 60 min of exercise; and glycolysis (p = 0.05) at 90 min of exercise. The present results suggest that exposure to TRAP during prolonged exercise leads to a significant change in metabolomics, characterized by a transitional pattern and lastly, impairs the glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cruz
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Sports Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pasqua
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - André Silveira
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Damasceno
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; CESMAC University Center, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Monique Matsuda
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Martins
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mônica V Marquezini
- Pro-Sangue Foundation, São Paulo and Pathology Department, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education (DAEFI), Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Saldiva
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Cedars A, Manlhiot C, Ko JM, Bottiglieri T, Arning E, Weingarten A, Opotowsky A, Kutty S. Metabolomic Profiling of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080525. [PMID: 34436466 PMCID: PMC8398700 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis may provide an integrated assessment in genetically and pathologically heterogeneous populations. We used metabolomic analysis to gain mechanistic insight into the small and diverse population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Consecutive ACHD patients seen at a single institution were enrolled. Clinical variables and whole blood were collected at regular clinical visits. Stored plasma samples were analyzed for the concentrations of 674 metabolites and metabolic markers using mass spectrometry with internal standards. These samples were compared to 28 simultaneously assessed healthy non-ACHD controls. Principal component analysis and multivariable regression modeling were used to identify metabolites associated with clinical outcomes in ACHD. Plasma from ACHD and healthy control patients differed in the concentrations of multiple metabolites. Differences between control and ACHD were greater in number and in degree than those between ACHD anatomic groups. A metabolite cluster containing amino acids and metabolites of amino acids correlated with negative clinical outcomes across all anatomic groups. Metabolites in the arginine metabolic pathway, betaine, dehydroepiandrosterone, cystine, 1-methylhistidine, serotonin and bile acids were associated with specific clinical outcomes. Metabolic markers of disease may both be useful as biomarkers for disease activity and suggest etiologically related pathways as possible targets for disease-modifying intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Cedars
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (C.M.); (J.-M.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cedric Manlhiot
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (C.M.); (J.-M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Jong-Mi Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (C.M.); (J.-M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA; (T.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Erland Arning
- Center of Metabolomics, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA; (T.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Angela Weingarten
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Alexander Opotowsky
- Department of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (C.M.); (J.-M.K.); (S.K.)
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Aa N, Lu Y, Yu M, Tang H, Lu Z, Sun R, Wang L, Li C, Yang Z, Aa J, Kong X, Wang G. Plasma Metabolites Alert Patients With Chest Pain to Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:652746. [PMID: 33969016 PMCID: PMC8103546 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.652746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and knowing the early warning signs of MI is lifesaving. To expand our knowledge of MI, we analyzed plasma metabolites in MI and non-MI chest pain cases to identify markers for alerting about MI occurrence based on metabolomics. A total of 230 volunteers were recruited, consisting of 146 chest pain patients admitted with suspected MI (85 MIs and 61 non-MI chest pain cases) and 84 control individuals. Non-MI cardiac chest pain cases include unstable angina (UA), myocarditis, valvular heart diseases, etc. The blood samples of all suspected MI cases were collected not longer than 6 h since the onset of chest pain. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to identify and quantify the plasma metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis was utilized to analyze the data, and principal component analysis showed MI could be clearly distinguished from non-MI chest pain cases (including UA and other cases) in the scores plot of metabolomic data, better than that based on the data constructed with medical history and clinical biochemical parameters. Pathway analysis highlighted an upregulated methionine metabolism and downregulated arginine biosynthesis in MI cases. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were calculated to evaluate potential markers for the diagnosis and prediction ability of MI (MI vs. non-MI cases). Finally, gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were briefly discussed to study differential metabolites' connection with plasma transcriptomics. Deoxyuridine (dU), homoserine, and methionine scored highly in ROC analysis (AUC > 0.91), sensitivity (>80%), and specificity (>94%), and they were correlated to LDH and AST (p < 0.05). OR values suggested, after adjusting for gender, age, lipid levels, smoking, type II diabetes, and hypertension history, that high levels of dU of positive logOR = 3.01, methionine of logOR = 3.48, and homoserine of logOR = 1.61 and low levels of isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP) of negative logOR = -5.15, uracil of logOR = -2.38, and arginine of logOR = -0.82 were independent risk factors of MI. Our study highlighted that metabolites belonging to pyrimidine, methionine, and arginine metabolism are deeply influenced in MI plasma samples. dU, homoserine, and methionine are potential markers to recognize MI cases from other cardiac chest pain cases after the onset of chest pains. Individuals with high plasma abundance of dU, homoserine, or methionine have increased risk of MI, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Aa
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyao Lu
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runbing Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Onalo R, Cilliers A, Cooper P. Impact of oral L-arginine supplementation on blood pressure dynamics in children with severe sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2021; 11:136-147. [PMID: 33815929 PMCID: PMC8012291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients generally have lower blood pressures compared to those with the AA haemoglobin genotype. However, during vaso-occlusive crises (SCA-VOC), blood pressures (BP) may elevate transiently to levels beyond the 95th percentile. The risk of stroke or even death increases with increasing systolic BP in SCA. Therefore, interventions targeted at BP reduction may be essential during severe vaso-occlusive episodes. Reduction in BP was achieved with arginine therapy in a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in non-sickle cell adults. The impact of oral arginine (given for pain control) on the BP of children with SCA-VOC has not been documented. METHODS A double-blind RCT of oral L-arginine hydrochloride as adjuvant therapy for pain reduction was conducted in children with SCA-VOC, aged 5-17 years, over a 2-year period. The mean change in BP and the time to achieve BP <90th percentile was added as part of the outcome variables. The anthropometry, pain scores and mercury sphygmomanometry were done following standard procedures. BP percentiles were generated using the Fourth Report guidelines. Differences in the time to normalization of BP in the treatment arms were tested with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Sixty-six children (57.6% male) were randomized into L-arginine (35 patients) or placebo (31 patients) arm. The prevalence of hypertension (BP ≥95th percentile) at presentation tended to increase as the pain scores increased, from a prevalence of 50% in patients with a score of 7 to 65% in those with score of 10 (systolic hypertension) and from 44.4% in patients with pain score of 7 to 50% in patients with pain score of 10 (diastolic hypertension). Patients that received arginine recorded a 12.8±3.2 mmHg decline in mean systolic BP compared to the placebo group, where a mean difference of 7.6±1.5 mmHg was observed, P<0.001. Similarly, the mean diastolic BP reduced by 13% in the arginine group and 7.5% in the placebo group, P<0.001. Children who received arginine tended to achieve BP normalization much faster than the placebo group (P=0.112), and no serious adverse events were documented related to the hypertension or arginine administration. CONCLUSIONS High blood pressure (≥95th percentile) is common amongst children with SCA-VOC and are mostly asymptomatic. Administration of oral arginine given for pain control achieves a reduction of the BP at a faster rate in children compared to placebo and it is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Onalo
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria and Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of The WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of The WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Cilliers
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of The WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter Cooper
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of The WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
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42
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Onmaz DE, Isık SMT, Abusoglu S, Ekmekci AH, Sivrikaya A, Abusoglu G, Ozturk S, Aydemir HY, Unlu A. Serum ADMA levels were positively correlated with EDSS scores in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 353:577497. [PMID: 33549941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoinflammatory, chronic central nervous system disease. In the pathogenesis of the disease increased nitric oxide (NO) levels play an important role. Nitric oxide (NO) has neuroprotective effects in physiological conditions, however, it is thought that excessive NO formation in MS may lead to demyelination and axonal damage. Derivatives of methylarginine including asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), L-N monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA) directly or indirectly reduce NO production. Our aim was to measure the levels of methylarginine derivatives and citrulline, ornithine, arginine, homoarginine levels, which are metabolites associated with NO metabolism, in MS subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Sedat Abusoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hakan Ekmekci
- Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Sivrikaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Abusoglu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Selcuk University Vocational School of Health, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serefnur Ozturk
- Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Unlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Lai Q, Yuan G, Shen L, Zhang L, Fu F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Kou J, Liu S, Yu B, Li F. Oxoeicosanoid receptor inhibition alleviates acute myocardial infarction through activation of BCAT1. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:3. [PMID: 33484341 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is an arachidonic acid metabolite produced along with leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Metabolomics studies have shown that 5-oxo-ETE level is elevated in the serum in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The actions of 5-oxo-ETE are mediated by the highly selective oxoeicosanoid receptor (OXE-R). Moreover, increased OXE-R content was verified in AMI patients and mice. However, the precise role of OXE-R in AMI is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that 5-oxo-ETE triggered myocardial injury in mice. Pathway enrichment analysis identified branched chain amino acid transaminase 1/2 (BCAT1/2) as potential mediators of this effect. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that BCAT1/BCAT2 expression was significantly reduced by AMI in vitro and in vivo, while pharmacologic inhibition of BCAT1/BCAT2 accelerated myocardial injury. Conversely, heart-specific overexpression of BCAT1/BCAT2 in mice protected against ischemic myocardial injury. Treatment with the selective OXE-R inhibitor Gue1654 alleviated coronary artery ligation-induced ischemic myocardial injury in mice and oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury in cardiomyocytes through activation of BCAT1, while inhibiting OXE-R suppressed protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overall, our study confirmed a novel target OXE-R for the treatment of AMI based on metabolomics, and targeting OXE-R may represent unrecognized therapeutic intervention for cardiovascular diseases through activation of BCAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guangying Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Le Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zeliang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Liu C, Li R, Liu Y, Li Z, Sun Y, Yin P, Huang R. Characteristics of Blood Metabolic Profile in Coronary Heart Disease, Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Valvular Heart Disease Induced Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:622236. [PMID: 33553267 PMCID: PMC7856915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.622236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Metabolic impairment is one key contributor to heart failure (HF) pathogenesis and progression. The major causes of HF, coronary heart disease (CHD), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and valvular heart disease (VHD) remains poorly characterized in patients with HF from the view of metabolic profile. We sought to determine metabolic differences in CHD-, VHD-, and DCM-induced HF patients and identify significantly altered metabolites and their correlations. Procedure: In this study, a total of 96 HF cases and 97 controls were enrolled. The contents of 23 amino acids and 26 carnitines in fasting plasma were measured by a targeted liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach. Results: Nine metabolites (Histidine, Arginine, Citrulline, Glutamine, Valine, hydroxyhexadecenyl-carnitine, acylcarnitine C22, hydroxytetradecanoyl-carnitine, and carnitine) were found to be related with the occurrence of HF. Arginine, Glutamine and hydroxytetradecanoyl-carnitine could effectively distinguish CHD and DCM patients, and hydroxytetradecanoyl-carnitine and aspartic acid were able to classify CHD and VHD cohorts. Conclusion: This study indicated that circulating amino acids and long-chain acylcarnitine levels were closely associated with progression of heart failure. Monitoring these metabolic alterations by LC-MS may help the differentiation of CHD, VHD, and DCM in the early stage, and provide new diagnostics targets or therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Medical Laboratory Science, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenguo Li
- Medical Laboratory Science, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rihong Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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The shifted balance of arginine metabolites in acute myocardial infarction patients and its clinical relevance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:83. [PMID: 33420142 PMCID: PMC7794337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The arginine metabolism as a target for cardioprotection in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains insufficiently understood. Arginine, ornithine, citrulline, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and proline plasma levels were measured using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry in 70 consecutive STEMI patients upon admission and at 6-month follow-up and were compared with left ventricular function, volumes, and infarct characteristics determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and with 5-year clinical outcomes. Baseline median concentration of arginine was higher by 49% (P = 0.002) when compared to 6-month measurements and was correlated with an ischemia risk area (R = 0.34, P = 0.004) and infarct size (R = 0.33, P = 0.006). Following ischemia median citrulline/arginine index decreased when compared with 6-month result (P = 0.002), while citrulline/ornithine and arginine/ADMA ratios maintained unchanged indicating a shift of arginine metabolism from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) towards arginase. The 6-month arginine concentration reached the area under the ROC curve of 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.54–0.81) for prediction of death, myocardial infarction or heart failure hospitalization and its value of < 29 µM was associated with lower event free survival (P = 0.02). In STEMI patients, during ischemia conversion of elevated plasma arginine was shifted from NOS towards arginase. Decreased 6-month arginine concentrations were associated with worse long-term outcomes.
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Transport of L-Arginine Related Cardiovascular Risk Markers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123975. [PMID: 33302555 PMCID: PMC7764698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine and its derivatives, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) and L-homoarginine, have emerged as cardiovascular biomarkers linked to cardiovascular outcomes and various metabolic and functional pathways such as NO-mediated endothelial function. Cellular uptake and efflux of L-arginine and its derivatives are facilitated by transport proteins. In this respect the cationic amino acid transporters CAT1 and CAT2 (SLC7A1 and SLC7A2) and the system y+L amino acid transporters (SLC7A6 and SLC7A7) have been most extensively investigated, so far, but the number of transporters shown to mediate the transport of L-arginine and its derivatives is constantly increasing. In the present review we assess the growing body of evidence regarding the function, expression, and clinical relevance of these transporters and their possible relation to cardiovascular diseases.
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Dumont A, Lee M, Barouillet T, Murphy A, Yvan-Charvet L. Mitochondria orchestrate macrophage effector functions in atherosclerosis. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 77:100922. [PMID: 33162108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are pivotal in the initiation and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have reinforced the importance of mitochondria in metabolic and signaling pathways to maintain macrophage effector functions. In this review, we discuss the past and emerging roles of macrophage mitochondria metabolic diversity in atherosclerosis and the potential avenue as biomarker. Beyond metabolic functions, mitochondria are also a signaling platform integrating epigenetic, redox, efferocytic and apoptotic regulations, which are exquisitely linked to their dynamics. Indeed, mitochondria functions depend on their density and shape perpetually controlled by mitochondria fusion/fission and biogenesis/mitophagy balances. Mitochondria can also communicate with other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum through mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) or be secreted for paracrine actions. All these functions are perturbed in macrophages from mouse or human atherosclerotic plaques. A better understanding and integration of how these metabolic and signaling processes are integrated and dictate macrophage effector functions in atherosclerosis may ultimately help the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélie Dumont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, 06204, Nice, France
| | - ManKS Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3165, Australia
| | - Thibault Barouillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, 06204, Nice, France
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3165, Australia
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, 06204, Nice, France.
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Maric S, Flüchter P, Guglielmetti LC, Staerkle RF, Sasse T, Restin T, Schneider C, Holland-Cunz SG, Crenn P, Vuille-Dit-Bille RN. Plasma citrulline correlates with basolateral amino acid transporter LAT4 expression in human small intestine. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2244-2251. [PMID: 33077272 PMCID: PMC7546687 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Plasma citrulline, a non-protein amino acid, is a biochemical marker of small intestine enterocyte mass in humans. Indeed, citrulline is highly correlated with residual bowel length in patients with short bowel syndrome. It is known to be synthesised in epithelial cells of the small intestine from other amino acids (precursors). Citrulline is then released into systemic circulation and interconverted into arginine in kidneys. If plasma citrulline concentration depends on abundance of intestinal amino acid transporters is not known. The aim of the present study was to explore whether plasma citrulline concentration correlates with the expression of intestinal amino acid transporters. Furthermore, we assessed if arginine in urine correlates with plasma citrulline. METHODS Duodenal samples, blood plasma and urine were collected from 43 subjects undergoing routine gastroduodenoscopy. mRNA expression of seven basolateral membrane amino acid transporters/transporter subunits were assessed by real-time PCR. Plasma and urine amino acid concentrations of citrulline, its precursors and other amino acids were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography measurements. Amino acid transporter mRNA expression was correlated with blood plasma and urine levels of citrulline and its precursors using Spearman's rank correlation. Likewise, urine arginine was correlated with plasma citrulline. RESULTS Plasma citrulline correlated with the mRNA expression of basolateral amino acid transporter LAT4 (Spearman's r = 0.467, p = 0.028) in small intestine. None of the other basolateral membrane transporters/transporter subunits assessed correlated with plasma citrulline. Plasma citrulline correlated with urinary arginine, (Spearman's r = 0.419, p = 0.017), but not with urinary citrulline or other proteinogenic amino acids in the urine. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we showed for the first time that small intestinal basolateral LAT4 expression correlates with plasma citrulline concentration. This finding indicates that LAT4 has an important function in mediating citrulline efflux from enterocytes. Furthermore, urine arginine correlated with plasma citrulline, indicating arginine in the urine as possible additional marker for small intestine enterocyte mass. Finally, basolateral LAT4 expression along the human small intestine was shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Maric
- University of Basel, School of Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ralph Fabian Staerkle
- Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Sasse
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Restin
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Newborn Research Zurich, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Pascal Crenn
- Hepato-gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP-Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Raphael Nicolas Vuille-Dit-Bille
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital of Basel, Switzerland.
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Liu S, Zhao W, Liu X, Cheng L. Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome in atherosclerosis patients identify cross-cohort microbial signatures and potential therapeutic target. FASEB J 2020; 34:14166-14181. [PMID: 32939880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000622r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, the composition, functional capacity, and metabolites of the gut microbiome about atherosclerosis have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we reanalyzed 25 metagenomic stool samples from Sweden and 385 metagenomic stool samples from China using HUMAnN2, PanPhlAn, and MelonnPan to obtain more sufficient information. We found that the samples from atherosclerotic patients in both cohorts were depleted in Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Odoribacter splanchnicus, Eubacterium eligens, Roseburia inulinivorans, and Roseburia intestinalis. At the functional level, healthy metagenomes were both enriched in pathways of starch degradation V, glycolysis III (from glucose), CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis, and folate transformations. R inulinivorans and R intestinalis are major contributors to starch degradation V, while E eligens greatly contribute to the pathway CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis, and B xylanisolvens and B uniformis contribute to folate transformations II. The 11 marker species selected from the Chinese cohort distinguish patients from controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.86. Strain-level microbial analysis revealed a geographically associated adaptation of the strains from E eligens, B uniformis, and E coli. Two gut microbial metabolites, nicotinic acid and hydrocinnamic acid, had significantly higher predicted abundance in the control samples compared to the patients in the Chinese cohort, and interestinglynicotinic acid is already an effective lipid-lowering drug to reducing cardiovascular risk. Our results indicate intestinal bacteria such as B xylanisolvens, E eligens, and R inulinivorans could be promising probiotics and potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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50
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Mehta A, Liu C, Nayak A, Tahhan AS, Ko YA, Dhindsa DS, Kim JH, Hayek SS, Sperling LS, Mehta PK, Sun YV, Uppal K, Jones DP, Quyyumi AA. Untargeted high-resolution plasma metabolomic profiling predicts outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237579. [PMID: 32810196 PMCID: PMC7444579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with CAD have substantial residual risk of mortality, and whether hitherto unknown small-molecule metabolites and metabolic pathways contribute to this risk is unclear. We sought to determine the predictive value of plasma metabolomic profiling in patients with CAD. Approach and results Untargeted high-resolution plasma metabolomic profiling of subjects undergoing coronary angiography was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolic features and pathways associated with mortality were identified in 454 subjects using metabolome-wide association studies and Mummichog, respectively, and validated in 322 subjects. A metabolomic risk score comprising of log-transformed HR estimates of metabolites that associated with mortality and passed LASSO regression was created and its performance validated. In 776 subjects (66.8 years, 64% male, 17% Black), 433 and 357 features associated with mortality (FDR-adjusted q<0.20); and clustered into 21 and 9 metabolic pathways in first and second cohorts, respectively. Six pathways (urea cycle/amino group, tryptophan, aspartate/asparagine, lysine, tyrosine, and carnitine shuttle) were common. A metabolomic risk score comprising of 7 metabolites independently predicted mortality in the second cohort (HR per 1-unit increase 2.14, 95%CI 1.62, 2.83). Adding the score to a model of clinical predictors improved risk discrimination (delta C-statistic 0.039, 95%CI -0.006, 0.086; and Integrated Discrimination Index 0.084, 95%CI 0.030, 0.151) and reclassification (continuous Net Reclassification Index 23.3%, 95%CI 7.9%, 38.2%). Conclusions Differential regulation of six metabolic pathways involved in myocardial energetics and systemic inflammation is independently associated with mortality in patients with CAD. A novel risk score consisting of representative metabolites is highly predictive of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mehta
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chang Liu
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aditi Nayak
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ayman S. Tahhan
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Devinder S. Dhindsa
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Salim S. Hayek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laurence S. Sperling
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Puja K. Mehta
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- * E-mail:
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