1
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Kato S, Kansha Y. Comprehensive review of industrial wastewater treatment techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51064-51097. [PMID: 39107648 PMCID: PMC11374848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Water is an indispensable resource for human activity and the environment. Industrial activities generate vast quantities of wastewater that may be heavily polluted or contain toxic contaminants, posing environmental and public health challenges. Different industries generate wastewater with widely varying characteristics, such as the quantity generated, concentration, and pollutant type. It is essential to understand these characteristics to select available treatment techniques for implementation in wastewater treatment facilities to promote sustainable water usage. This review article provides an overview of wastewaters generated by various industries and commonly applied treatment techniques. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Kato
- Organization for Programs on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kansha
- Organization for Programs on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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2
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Fang X, Jin L, Sun X, Huang H, Wang Y, Ren H. A data-driven analysis to discover research hotspots and trends of technologies for PFAS removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118678. [PMID: 38493846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The frequent detection of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in organisms and environment coupled with surging evidence for potential detrimental impacts, have attracted widespread attention throughout the world. In order to reveal research hotspots and trends of technologies for PFAS removal, herein, we performed a data-driven analysis of 3975 papers and 436 patents from Web of Science Core Collection and Derwent Innovation Index databases up to 2023. The results showed that China and the USA led the way in the research of PFAS removal with outstanding contributions to publications. The progression generally transitioned from accidental discovery of decomposition, to experimentation with removal effects and mechanisms of existing methods, and finally to enhanced defluorination and mechanism-driven design approaches. The keywords co-occurrence network and technology classification together revealed the main knowledge framework, which was constructed and correlated through contaminants, substrates, materials, processes and properties. Moreover, adsorption was demonstrated to be the dominant removal process among the current studies. Subsequently, we concluded the principles, advances and drawbacks of enrichment and separation, biological methods, advanced oxidation and reduction processes. Further exploration indicated the hotspots such as alternatives and precursors for PFAS ("genx": 1.258, "f-53b": 0.337), degradable mineralization technologies ("photocatalytic degrad": 0.529, "hydrated electron": 0.374), environment-friendly remediation technologies ("phytoremedi": 0.939, "constructed wetland": 0.462) and combination with novel materials ("metal-organic framework": 1.115, "layered double hydroxid": 0.559) as well as computer science ("molecular dynamics simul": 0.559, "machine learn"). Furthermore, the future direction of technological innovation might lie in high-performance processes that minimize secondary pollution, the development of recyclable and renewable treatment agents, and collaborative control strategies for multiple pollutants. Overall, this study offers comprehensive and objective review for researchers and industry professionals in this field, enabling rapid access to knowledge guidance and insights into research frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lili Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiangzhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
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3
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Brião GDV, da Costa TB, Antonelli R, Costa JM. Electrochemical processes for the treatment of contaminant-rich wastewater: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141884. [PMID: 38575083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Global water demand and environmental concerns related to climate change require industries to develop high-efficiency wastewater treatment methods to remove pollutants. Likewise, toxic pollutants present in wastewater negatively affect the environment and human health, requiring effective treatment. Although conventional treatment processes remove carbon and nutrients, they are insufficient to remove pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and plasticizers. Electrochemical processes effectively remove pollutants from wastewater through the mineralization of non-biodegradable pollutants with consequent conversion into biodegradable compounds. Its advantages include easy operation, versatility, and short reaction time. In this way, this review initially provides a global water scenario with a view to the future. It comprises global demand, treatment methods, and pollution of water resources, addressing various contaminants such as heavy metals, nutrients, organic compounds, and emerging contaminants. Subsequently, the fundamentals of electrochemical treatments are presented as well as electrochemical treatments, highlighting the latest studies involving electrocoagulation, electroflocculation, electroflotation, capacitive deionization and its derivatives, eletrodeionization, and electrochemical advanced oxidation process. Finally, the challenges and perspectives were discussed. In this context, electrochemical processes have proven promising and effective for the treatment of water and wastewater, allowing safe reuse practices and purification with high contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giani de Vargas Brião
- Center of Research on Science and Technology of BioResources, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, 400, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Raissa Antonelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Prof. Luciano Gualberto Ave, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiel Martins Costa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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4
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Meng X, Li J, Qu W, Wang W, Feng X, Wang J. Degradation of fluoride in groundwater by electrochemical fixed bed system with bauxite: performance and synergistic catalytic mechanism. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13711-13718. [PMID: 38681833 PMCID: PMC11044906 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01359j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoride pollution in water has garnered significant attention worldwide. The issue of fluoride removal remains challenging in areas not covered by municipal water systems. The industrial aluminum electrode and natural bauxite coordinated defluorination system (IE-BA) have been employed for fluoride removal. The experiment investigated the effects of pH, current density, and inter-electrode mineral layer thickness on the defluorination process of IE-BA. Additionally, the study examined the treatment efficiency of IE-BA for simulated water with varying F- concentrations and assessed its long-term performance. The results demonstrate that the defluorination efficiency can reach 98.4% after optimization. Moreover, irrespective of different fluoride concentrations, the defluorination rate exceeds 95.2%. After 72 hours of continuous operation, the defluorination rate reached 91.9%. The effluent exhibited weak alkalinity with a pH of around 8.0, and the voltage increased by 2.0 V compared to the initial moment. By analyzing the characterization properties of minerals and flocs, this study puts forward the possible defluorination mechanism of the IE-BA system. The efficacy of the IE-BA system in fluoride removal from water was ultimately confirmed, demonstrating its advantages in terms of defluorination ability under different initial conditions and resistance to complex interference. This study demonstrates that the IE-BA technology is a promising approach for defluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxu Meng
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Wenying Qu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Xueting Feng
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
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5
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Farzadkia M, Yavary Nia M, Yavari Nia M, Shacheri F, Nourali Z, Torkashvand J. Reduction of the environmental and health consequences of cigarette butt recycling by removal of toxic and carcinogenic compounds from its leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23942-23950. [PMID: 38436848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette butt is a hazardous waste, and its management faces many challenges. The generation of leachate containing many pollutants including heavy metals is one of the limitations of recycling cigarette butts. The aim of this study was to reduce organic compounds and heavy metals in leachate resulting from cigarette butt recycling in an electrocoagulation reactor. For this purpose, two samples, including freshly smoked cigarette butts and littered cigarette butts, were processed and the treatment of leachate resulting from them was studied in an electrocoagulation reactor. The efficiency of leachate treatment was investigated in the treatment time of 10-40 min and current intensity of 20-100 mA. The results showed that the minimum reduction of chemical oxygen demand and turbidity was 25.3% and 33.4%, respectively. Increasing the current intensity and treatment time increased the efficiency of removing turbidity and chemical oxygen demand up to 47.1% and 41.2%, respectively, in optimum conditions. The reduction of nickel, chromium, cadmium, and lead in the lowest current density and minimum treatment time was more than 90%, which increased to more than 99% with the increase of the current density and treatment time. The use of electrocoagulation is a suitable solution to reduce heavy metals in leachate resulting from cigarette butt recycling, while the proper reduction of organic compounds in this type of leachate requires further treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Farzadkia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yavary Nia
- Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Melika Yavari Nia
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fatemeh Shacheri
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zahra Nourali
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Javad Torkashvand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Agrawal S, Nawaz T. A mechanistic mathematical model for the treatment of synthetic oil-field wastewater (produced water) by electrocoagulation process using aluminium electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20117-20132. [PMID: 38374501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is the largest by-product that comes out of the oil wells during oil and gas (O&G) field exploration. PW contains high-salt concentration along with other organic and inorganic components; therefore, PW must be treated before disposal. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an effective treatment method to remove pollutants from PW which has been the focus of many experimental studies; however, a mathematical model specifically for PW treatment by EC has not been developed yet. In this work, a comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to elucidate the role of EC operating parameters on the PW treatment performance and determine the mechanism for COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal. The present model considers and identifies the dominant Al-hydroxy complex species and their contribution to the COD removal from synthetic PW samples by estimating their rate constants and comparing their magnitudes and investigates multi-scale modelling of the EC reactor. The influence of working parameters such as current density, initial pH, interelectrode distance, mixing speed and solution volume of PW on Al coagulant production and COD removal was investigated and modelled. The study estimates the rate constants of the reactions taking place for COD removal by EC process and by comparing their magnitudes identifies the dominant reactions and coagulant species involved in the process. The mathematical model prediction of COD removal fits well with the experimental data at 10 mA cm-2, 15 mA cm-2 and 20 mA cm-2 current density with R2 value of 0.96, 0.97 and 0.92, respectively and for dissolved Al concentration R2 value of 0.96, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively. The simulated results reproduced a good fit at initial pH of 6.1, 7.3 and 8.6 with R2 value of 0.92, 0.96 and 0.98, respectively for COD removal. The mathematical model and the experimental results showed the role of dominant Al-hydroxy complex species such asAl OH 2 + ,Al OH 2 + , Al OH 3 ,Al 2 OH 2 + 4 andAl OH 4 - in controlling the COD removal process. Under different operating conditions considered in the study, the model also predicted the COD removal performance of the EC reactors at different reactor volumes with R2 value of 0.96 for higher solution volume and larger reactor. The model presented and rate constants determined in the study will provide a theoretical basis for designing, scaling up and operating the EC reactor for oil-field PW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Agrawal
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Tabish Nawaz
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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7
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Islam MA, Nazal MK, Angove MJ, Morton DW, Hoque KA, Reaz AH, Islam MT, Karim SMA, Chowdhury AN. Emerging iron-based mesoporous materials for adsorptive removal of pollutants: Mechanism, optimization, challenges, and future perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140846. [PMID: 38043616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron-based materials (IBMs) have shown promise as adsorbents due to their unique physicochemical properties. This review provides an overview of the different types of IBMs, their synthesis methods, and their properties. Results found in the adsorption of emerging contaminants to a wide range of IBMs are discussed. The IBMs used were evaluated in terms of their maximum uptake capacity, with special consideration given to environmental conditions such as contact time, solution pH, initial pollutant concentration, etc. The adsorption mechanisms of pollutants are discussed taking into account the results of kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic studies, surface complexation modelling (SCM), and available spectroscopic data. A current overview of molecular modeling and simulation studies related to density functional theory (DFT), surface response methodology (RSM), and artificial neural network (ANN) is presented. In addition, the reusability and suitability of IBMs in real wastewater treatment is shown. The review concludes with the strengths and weaknesses of current research and suggests ideas for future research that will improve our ability to remove contaminants from real wastewater streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies (ARCEMS), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Division of Chemistry, Department of Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), 14 1 & 142, Love Road, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh.
| | - Mazen K Nazal
- Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies (ARCEMS), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Angove
- Colloid and Environmental Chemistry (CEC) Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David W Morton
- Colloid and Environmental Chemistry (CEC) Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khondaker Afrina Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Comilla University, Cumilla, 3506, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Akter Hossain Reaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tajul Islam
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), 14 1 & 142, Love Road, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - S M Abdul Karim
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), 14 1 & 142, Love Road, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Al-Nakib Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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8
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Farshi YR, Ebadi T, Maknoon R, Kowsari E. A novel combined system for efficient nitrate removal using a continuous flow electrocoagulation and sand filtration (FECF) reactor: Statistical analysis by Taguchi design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4052-4066. [PMID: 38095796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new hybrid bench-scale electrocoagulation-sand filtration (FECF) reactor was developed for purifying nitrate-contaminated samples. Before and after electrochemical treatment, two sand filters were included in this continuous system to facilitate the purification procedure, and the contaminated water flows horizontally through the entire system according to a specific hydraulic gradient within the reactor, resulting in water purification. Significant improvement in treatment performance was observed due to the presence of metal hydroxides in the second filter media that were not fully involved in the electrocoagulation treatment. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed to detect metal hydroxide species in the sand media, and the need for filter regeneration was evaluated by monitoring changes in the system flow rate. Moreover, an evaluation of the effects of different factors including operating time, current intensity, initial pH, type of anode and cathode, initial nitrate concentration, hydraulic head level inside the reactor, number of electrodes, and NaCl electrolyte concentration on the performance of nitrate removal was conducted through the Taguchi design. Further, ANOVA analysis verified the accuracy of the predicted model, and the variables were classified based on their relative importance in the FECF process. According to the regression model, 97% of nitrates were removed with Al electrodes as anode and Fe as cathode, 70 min purification time, current intensity of 3 A, 100 mg/l initial nitrate concentration, pH 8, electrolyte concentration of 1 g/l, electrode number of 6, and 1.5 cm head level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Rezaeizad Farshi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Ebadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Maknoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Jegadeesan C, Somanathan A, Jeyakumar RB, Godvin Sharmila V. Combination of electrocoagulation with solar photo Fenton process for treatment of landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4441-4459. [PMID: 35757857 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2093654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to provide a viable and active way to remove COD and colour from landfill leachate treated by adopting combined process of electrocoagulation and solar photo Fenton process. Coagulating agents such as metal hydroxides are created by the electrolysis process through self-sacrificial electrodes. Aluminium and iron dissolves at the anode and hydrogen gas are generated at the cathode when aluminium and iron electrodes are utilised. The contaminants interact with the coagulating agent to generate enormous organic flocs. The leachate was obtained from a landfill in Madurai and then it was characterised in terms of its major predominant pollutants. In this study, the electrocoagulation process was used in conjunction with the solar photo Fenton process to treat the leachate under ideal conditions of pH = 7, NaCl = 2 g/L, voltage = 4 V, Al & Fe electrodes and inter electrode distance = 3 cm with a COD and colour removal effectiveness of 75% and 76%, respectively. Furthermore, the effluent from the electrocoagulation process was treated using a solar photo Fenton process at pH = 3, H2O2 = 10 g/L and Fe2+ = 1 g/L with COD and colour reduction effectiveness of 90% and 91%, respectively. In this combination of treatment systems, leachate biodegradability increased from 0.35 to 0.73, favouring the biological oxidation process in conventional treatment plants. This research demonstrates that employing this paired electrocoagulation-solar photo Fenton to treat landfill leachate can achieve consistent treatment effects with high removal efficiencies, and that it is an acceptable treatment technique for landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiarani Jegadeesan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Adishkumar Somanathan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India
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10
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Jafari E, Malayeri MR, Brückner H, Weimer T, Krebs P. Innovative spiral electrode configuration for enhancement of electrocoagulation-flotation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119085. [PMID: 37757685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The performance of electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) process can profoundly be affected by the reactor design and electrode configuration. These may, in turn, influence the removal efficiency, flow hydrodynamic, floc formation, and flotation/settling characteristics. The present work aimed at developing a new spiral electrode configuration to enhance the ECF process. To do so, the impacts of parameters such as energy consumption, removal efficiency of the contaminants from industrial wastewater with a composition of turbidity, emulsified oil, and heavy metals (Si, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Cd), as well as stirring speed and foaming have been investigated. Comparison was also made between the experimental results of the new electrode configuration with the conventional rectangular cell with plate electrode configuration with the same volume and electrode surface area. The findings revealed that energy consumption of the spiral electrode configuration within the operating times of 10, 20, 30, 32, 48, and 70 min, was approximately 20% lower compared to that of the conventional ECF. Moreover, the maximum and minimum removal efficiency of 97% and 60% were obtained for turbidity and TOC for the stirring speed of 500 rpm and Reynolds number of 10,035, respectively. Finally, the formed gas bubbles tilted toward the center due to the enhanced flow hydrodynamic which resulted in substantial reduction of foam formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Jafari
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Reza Malayeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran.
| | - Heike Brückner
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Weimer
- Department of Research and Development, Spiraltec GmbH, Germany
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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11
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Choi D, Lee Y, Lin ZH, Cho S, Kim M, Ao CK, Soh S, Sohn C, Jeong CK, Lee J, Lee M, Lee S, Ryu J, Parashar P, Cho Y, Ahn J, Kim ID, Jiang F, Lee PS, Khandelwal G, Kim SJ, Kim HS, Song HC, Kim M, Nah J, Kim W, Menge HG, Park YT, Xu W, Hao J, Park H, Lee JH, Lee DM, Kim SW, Park JY, Zhang H, Zi Y, Guo R, Cheng J, Yang Z, Xie Y, Lee S, Chung J, Oh IK, Kim JS, Cheng T, Gao Q, Cheng G, Gu G, Shim M, Jung J, Yun C, Zhang C, Liu G, Chen Y, Kim S, Chen X, Hu J, Pu X, Guo ZH, Wang X, Chen J, Xiao X, Xie X, Jarin M, Zhang H, Lai YC, He T, Kim H, Park I, Ahn J, Huynh ND, Yang Y, Wang ZL, Baik JM, Choi D. Recent Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Technological Progress to Commercial Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:11087-11219. [PMID: 37219021 PMCID: PMC10312207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Serious climate changes and energy-related environmental problems are currently critical issues in the world. In order to reduce carbon emissions and save our environment, renewable energy harvesting technologies will serve as a key solution in the near future. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which is one of the most promising mechanical energy harvesters by means of contact electrification phenomenon, are explosively developing due to abundant wasting mechanical energy sources and a number of superior advantages in a wide availability and selection of materials, relatively simple device configurations, and low-cost processing. Significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been achieved toward understanding fundamental behaviors and a wide range of demonstrations since its report in 2012. As a result, considerable technological advancement has been exhibited and it advances the timeline of achievement in the proposed roadmap. Now, the technology has reached the stage of prototype development with verification of performance beyond the lab scale environment toward its commercialization. In this review, distinguished authors in the world worked together to summarize the state of the art in theory, materials, devices, systems, circuits, and applications in TENG fields. The great research achievements of researchers in this field around the world over the past decade are expected to play a major role in coming to fruition of unexpectedly accelerated technological advances over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwhi Choi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Lee
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, South Korea
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Frontier
Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sumin Cho
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, South Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Chi Kit Ao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Changwan Sohn
- Division
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk
National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea
- Department
of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School (BK21
FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk
National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea
- Department
of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School (BK21
FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea
| | - Jeongwan Lee
- Department
of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Minbaek Lee
- Department
of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Parag Parashar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yujang Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Ahn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Jiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Flexible
Electronics Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gaurav Khandelwal
- Nanomaterials
and System Lab, Major of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied
Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju 632-43, South Korea
- School
of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, U. K.
| | - Sang-Jae Kim
- Nanomaterials
and System Lab, Major of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied
Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju 632-43, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Electronic
Materials Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Cheol Song
- Electronic
Materials Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU
Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan
University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Minje Kim
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 34134, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Junghyo Nah
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 34134, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Habtamu Gebeyehu Menge
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Park
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Xu
- Research
Centre for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department
of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Hyosik Park
- Department
of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu
Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyuck Lee
- Department
of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu
Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
- Samsung
Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, 115, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
- SKKU
Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Haixia Zhang
- National
Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication;
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School
of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunlong Zi
- Thrust
of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Ru Guo
- Thrust
of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ze Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yannan Xie
- College
of Automation & Artificial Intelligence, State Key Laboratory
of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of
Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu
National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Chung
- Department
of Mechanical Design Engineering, Kumoh
National Institute of Technology (KIT), 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, South Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- National
Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Tinghai Cheng
- Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Key
Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency
Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and
Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guangqin Gu
- Key
Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency
Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and
Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Minseob Shim
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinjudae-ro, Gaho-dong, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Jeehoon Jung
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Changwoo Yun
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Chi Zhang
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of
Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxu Liu
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of
Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suhan Kim
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Pu
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Zi Hao Guo
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xing Xie
- School
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mourin Jarin
- School
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hulin Zhang
- College
of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University
of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Chih Lai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- i-Center
for Advanced Science and Technology, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Innovation
and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576, Singapore
| | - Hakjeong Kim
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nghia Dinh Huynh
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Ya Yang
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of
Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center
on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
- KIST-SKKU
Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan
University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dukhyun Choi
- SKKU
Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
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12
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Yakamercan E, Bhatt P, Aygun A, Adesope AW, Simsek H. Comprehensive understanding of electrochemical treatment systems combined with biological processes for wastewater remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121680. [PMID: 37149253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of toxic pollutants in wastewater discharge can affect the environment negatively due to presence of the organic and inorganic contaminants. The application of the electrochemical process in wastewater treatment is promising, specifically in treating these harmful pollutants from the aquatic environment. This review focused on recent applications of the electrochemical process for the remediation of such harmful pollutants from aquatic environments. Furthermore, the process conditions that affect the electrochemical process performance are evaluated, and the appropriate treatment processes are suggested according to the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants. Electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, and electro-Fenton applications in wastewater have shown effective performance with high removal rates. The disadvantages of these processes are the formation of toxic intermediate metabolites, high energy consumption, and sludge generation. To overcome such disadvantages combined ecotechnologies can be applied in large-scale wastewater pollutants removal. The combination of electrochemical and biological treatment has gained importance, increased removal performance remarkably, and decreased operational costs. The critical discussion with depth information in this review could be beneficial for wastewater treatment plant operators throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yakamercan
- Department Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Ahmet Aygun
- Department Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Adedolapo W Adesope
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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13
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Islam MM, Mohana AA, Rahman MA, Rahman M, Naidu R, Rahman MM. A Comprehensive Review of the Current Progress of Chromium Removal Methods from Aqueous Solution. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030252. [PMID: 36977017 PMCID: PMC10053122 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) exists in aqueous solution as trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) forms. Cr3+ is an essential trace element while Cr6+ is a dangerous and carcinogenic element, which is of great concern globally due to its extensive applications in various industrial processes such as textiles, manufacturing of inks, dyes, paints, and pigments, electroplating, stainless steel, leather, tanning, and wood preservation, among others. Cr3+ in wastewater can be transformed into Cr6+ when it enters the environment. Therefore, research on Cr remediation from water has attracted much attention recently. A number of methods such as adsorption, electrochemical treatment, physico-chemical methods, biological removal, and membrane filtration have been devised for efficient Cr removal from water. This review comprehensively demonstrated the Cr removal technologies in the literature to date. The advantages and disadvantages of Cr removal methods were also described. Future research directions are suggested and provide the application of adsorbents for Cr removal from waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Monjurul Islam
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Anika Amir Mohana
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Zonal Laboratory, Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Jashore 7400, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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14
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Wang Z, An X, Wang P, Du X, Hao X, Hao X, Ma X. Removal of high concentration of chloride ions by electrocoagulation using aluminium electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50567-50581. [PMID: 36795207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containing a high concentration of chloride ions (Cl- ions) generated in industrial production will corrode equipment and pipelines and cause environmental problems. At present, systematic research on Cl- removal by electrocoagulation is scarce. To study the Cl- removal mechanism, process parameters (current density and plate spacing), and the influence of coexisting ions on the removal of Cl- in electrocoagulation, we use aluminum (Al) as the sacrificial anode, combined with physical characterization and density functional theory (DFT) to study Cl- removal by electrocoagulation. The result showed that the use of electrocoagulation technology to remove Cl- can reduce the concentration of Cl- in an aqueous solution below 250 ppm, meeting the Cl- emission standard. The mechanism of Cl- removal is mainly co-precipitation and electrostatic adsorption by forming chlorine-containing metal hydroxyl complexes. The current density and plate spacing affect the Cl- removal effect and operation cost. As a coexisting cation, magnesium ion (Mg2+) promotes the removal of Cl-, while calcium ion (Ca2+) inhibits it. Fluoride ion (F-), sulfate (SO42-), and nitrate (NO3-) as coexisting anions affect the removal of Cl- ions through competitive reaction. This work provides a theoretical basis for the industrialization of Cl- removal by electrocoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaowei An
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Peifen Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Hao
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xuli Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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15
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Safwat SM, Mohamed NY, El-Seddik MM. Performance evaluation and life cycle assessment of electrocoagulation process for manganese removal from wastewater using titanium electrodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116967. [PMID: 36493542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excess manganese (Mn) concentrations can pose environmental and health risks. Currently, research on Mn removal by electrocoagulation (EC) using transition metal electrodes and the determination of its potential environmental impacts is limited. This study aims to assess the electrocoagulation process's performance with a titanium electrode as a sacrificial anode while also performing a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the process. The initial pH, current density (CD), electrode spacings, electrolyte types, concentrations, and electrode arrangement were all examined. For synthetic wastewater, most of the experiments used a concentration of Mn of 2 mg/L and sodium chloride as a supporting electrolyte at a concentration of 1 g/L. LCA software (OpenLCA 1.11) was used to assess the potential environmental impacts. Optimal operating conditions within the experimental range were as follows: initial pH = 7, CD = 10 mA/cm2, gap distance = 2 cm, and 1 g/L NaCl. Under these conditions, the maximum Mn removal efficiency was 96.5% after 60 min. There was an improvement of 2% rise after 60 min when the temperature increased from 20 °C to 40 °C. For real wastewater, the highest removal efficiencies for Mn and chemical oxygen demand after 60 min were 91.3% and 92%, respectively. The pseudo second order model provides the highest coefficient of determination for expressing the experimental data. Global warming, human non-carcinogenic toxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were the most important categories of impact examined in this work according to the LCA (0.00064 kg CO2 eq, 0.00018 kg 1,4-DCB, and 0.00028 kg 1,4-DCB, respectively). To effectively remove Mn using EC with Ti electrodes, it appears that a period of electrolysis of 10 min would be sufficient under most of the conditions investigated in this study. The reduction in the electrolysis time will lead to a reduction in the operating costs of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwat M Safwat
- Sanitary & Environmental Engineering Division, Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, 12316, Egypt.
| | | | - Mostafa M El-Seddik
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Institute of Aviation Engineering & Technology, Giza, 12815, Egypt
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16
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Lü X, Xu T, Zhou Y, Peng Q, Ou J, Hu B, Xie Z, Lei X, Yu G. Effect of iron ion configurations on Ni 2+ removal in electrocoagulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:823-834. [PMID: 36182186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) has been widely used to treat the heavy metal wastewater in industry. A novel process of sinusoidal alternating current electrocoagulation (SACC) is adopted to remove Ni2+ in wastewater in this study. The morphology of precipitates and the distribution of the main functional iron configurations were investigated. Ferron timed complex spectroscopy can identify the monomeric iron configurations [Fe(a)], oligomeric iron configurations [Fe(b)] and polymeric iron configurations [Fe(c)]. The optimal operating conditions of SACC process were determined through single-factor experiments. The maximum Ni2+ removal efficiency [Re(Ni2+)] was achieved under the conditions of pH0=7, current density (j) = 7 A/m2, electrolysis time (t) = 25 min, c0(Ni2+) = 100 mg/L. At pH=7, the proportion of Fe(b) and Fe(c) in the system was 50.4 at.% and 23.1 at.%, respectively. In the SACC process, Fe(b) and Fe(c) are the main iron configurations in solution, while Fe(c) are the vast majority of the iron configurations in the direct current electrocoagulation (DCC) process. Re(Ni2+) is 99.56% for SACC and 98.75% for DCC under the same optimum conditions, respectively. The precipitates produced by SACC have a high proportion of Fe(b) configurations with spherical α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH structures which contain abundant hydroxyl groups. Moreover, it is demonstrated that Fe(b) has better adsorption capacity than Fe(c) through adsorption experiments of methyl orange (MO) dye. Fe(a) configurations in the homogeneous solution had no effect on the removal of nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qingjuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China.
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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17
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Use of Water in Animal Production, Slaughter, and Processing. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1756-1778. [PMID: 36135720 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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AlJaberi FY, Alardhi SM, Ahmed SA, Salman AD, Juzsakova T, Cretescu I, Le PC, Chung WJ, Chang SW, Nguyen DD. Can electrocoagulation technology be integrated with wastewater treatment systems to improve treatment efficiency? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113890. [PMID: 35870500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Considerable amounts of domestic and industrial wastewater that should be treated before reuse are discharged into the environment annually. Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical technology in which electrical current is conducted through electrodes, it is mainly used to remove several types of wastewater pollutants, such as dyes, toxic materials, oil content, chemical oxygen demand, and salinity, individually or in combination with other processes. Electrocoagulation technology used in hybrid systems along with other technologies for wastewater treatment are reviewed in this work, and the articles reviewed herein were published from 2018 to 2021. Electrocoagulation is widely employed in integrated systems with other electrochemical technologies or conventional methods for effective removal of different pollutants with less cost and sometimes over shorter durations of operation. It has also been observed that the hybrid effects besides increasing the removal efficiency can overcome the disadvantages of using electrocoagulation alone, such as less sludge formation, high cost of operation and increased life of the used electrodes, and stable flux of water with longer periods of operation. More than 20 types of other technologies have been combined efficiently with electrocoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Saja Mohsen Alardhi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Shaymaa A Ahmed
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Dawood Salman
- Research Group for Surfaces and Nanostructures, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University, Iraq
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Research Group for Surfaces and Nanostructures, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Igor Cretescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, HCM City 755414, Vietnam.
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19
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Nidheesh PV, Khan FM, Kadier A, Akansha J, Bote ME, Mousazadeh M. Removal of nutrients and other emerging inorganic contaminants from water and wastewater by electrocoagulation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135756. [PMID: 35917977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continual discharge of emerging inorganic pollutants into natural aquatic systems and their negative effects on the environment have motivated the researchers to explore and develop clean and efficient water treatment strategies. Electrocoagulation (EC) is a rapid and promising pollutant removal approach that does not require any chemical additives or complicated process management. Therefore, inorganic pollutant treatment via the EC process is considered one of the most feasible processes. The potential developments of EC process may make the process a wise choice for water treatment in the future. Thus, the present study mainly focuses on the use of EC technology to remove nutrients and other emerging inorganic pollutants from water medium. The operating factors that influence EC process efficiency are explained. The major advancement of the EC technique as well as field-implemented units are also discussed. Overall, this study mainly focuses on emerging issues, present advancements, and techno-economic considerations in EC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
| | - Farhan M Khan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - J Akansha
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, PoBox - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Milad Mousazadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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20
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Efficiency of modified plant guar gum as aid coagulant for removal of diazinon from aqueous solution: optimization by response surface methodology. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Efficient Extraction of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Phosphine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Carboxylic Acid. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB), an organic thiazine dye, has numerous industrial and medical applications. However, MB is a wastewater contaminant that is harmful to humans and aquatic life. Hence, its removal from water bodies is essential. In this work, five novel deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized using different precursors, screened, and studied for the extraction of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using liquid–liquid extraction. The first, TOP-SA, was synthesized using trioctylphosphine (TOP) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and 2-hydroxy benzoic acid as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Among these, TOP-SA had the highest MB removal efficiency. The effects of pH, contact time, initial MB concentration, volumetric ratio, temperature, and ionic strength were studied and optimized. A 99.3% removal was achieved in 5 min for a 200 mg dm−3 MB solution mixed in a 1:10 ratio with TOP-SA at 25.0 °C. The structural properties of TOP-SA and its interactions with MB were investigated using FTIR. TOP-SA’s toxicity was investigated using human cells in vitro. TOP-SA was found to be comparatively less toxic and is a more efficient MB remover than other literature reported ionic liquids (ILs).
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22
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Ali I, Tatiana K, Zaw Htay T, Thu Aung H, Ekaterina M, Nahid Siddiqui M, Almalki ASA, Alhadhrami A, Alsubaie A, Hameed AM, Alharbi A. Economic and fast electro-flotation extraction of heavy metals from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1-10. [PMID: 36052577 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fast electroflotation extraction of heavy metals from wastewater is described. The results of experimental investigations of the extraction of iron, aluminium and chromium hydroxides from aqueous solutions in the presence of surfactants of various natures and ions of calcium by electroflotation are presented. It was found that the presence of Ca2+ in the solution at a concentration of 0.5 g/L reduced the degree of electroflotation extraction of Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, Cr(OH)3 regardless of the nature of the electrolyte. The addition of surfactants in the system in the presence of Ca2+ increased the amount of extraction of the dispersed phase. The greatest effect is achieved with the help of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate, while the degree of extraction reached 98%. The high efficiency of the process of electroflotation extraction of the dispersed phase was due to the hydrophobization of the particle surface owing to the adsorption of surfactants on the surface of hydroxides. The recent method is useful to treat wastewater contaminated with aluminium, iron and chromium metal ions. The reason is that this method is very fast working within 20 min; Moreover, pH 7.0 working made this method ideal for utilisation in natural water treatment economically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Kon'kova Tatiana
- Department of Inorganic Substances Technology and Electrochemical Processes, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Than Zaw Htay
- Department of Inorganic Substances Technology and Electrochemical Processes, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Hein Thu Aung
- Department of Inorganic Substances Technology and Electrochemical Processes, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mishenko Ekaterina
- Department of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry and IRC Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - A Alhadhrami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Single-stage or two-stages bio-electrochemical treatment process of drainage from soilless tomato cultivation with alternating current. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Biswas B, Goel S. Electrocoagulation and electrooxidation technologies for pesticide removal from water or wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134709. [PMID: 35489460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are known to be threats to the environment and human health. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural practice can contaminate water bodies, leading to cancer, asthma, neurological disorders, reproductive defects, and hormonal disruption. Electrochemical methods such as electrocoagulation and electrooxidation can be used for pesticide removal due to their numerous advantages such as high efficiency, less sludge production, and low operational cost. During electrocoagulation, dissolution of anode metals results in metal hydroxide complexes, which precipitate with the contaminant present in the reactor. Simultaneously, electro-flotation occurs at the cathode and results in the evolution of hydrogen gas bubbles, leading to flotation of floc to the top surface of the reactor. This review focuses on the removal mechanisms, kinetics, modeling, effects of influencing factors, and sludge characterization of pesticide removal using electrocoagulation and electrooxidation. Major influencing factors include cell configuration, electrode material, current density, pH, supporting electrolyte concentration. In general, aluminum and iron are the most common electrodes used for pesticide removal using electrocoagulation, while boron-doped diamond was used to a far greater extent as the electrode in electrooxidation studies. Greater than 99% removal efficiency was observed in both processes. Overall, this review summarizes the use of electrochemical methods for pesticide removal and offers valuable information to researchers in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwatma Biswas
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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25
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Zhang X, Sui G, Wang Z, Ngo HH, Guo W, Wen H, Zhang D, Wang X, Zhang J. Effective fluorine removal using mixed matrix membrane based on polysulfone: adsorption performance and diffusion behavior. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:3196-3207. [PMID: 35704405 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine is one of the essential trace elements for human life activities, but excessive intake of fluoride poses a great risk to people's health. In this paper, a series of mixed matrix membrane (MMM)-based polysulfone for removing fluoride were prepared by phase inversion, and their properties, adsorption capacity, adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics of fluoride ions, and mechanism were all investigated. The results confirmed that the MMM contained a large number of hydroxyl and aluminum functional groups due to resin being added. The MMM exhibited the best fluorine ion adsorption capacity of 2.502 mg/g at a pH of 6 with the initial concentration of 6 mg/L. As well, adsorption kinetics of fluorine ion on MMM followed the pseudo-second-order model, while the adsorption behavior of fluorine ion on MMM was well simulated by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of MMM remained stable after six cycles and the regeneration efficiency was still above 80%, resulting in a long-term stability adequate for fluorine ion removal. Complexation and ion exchange played a key role in the fluorine ion adsorption of MMM. These results indicated the MMM as novel type of absorbent had an excellent capacity for removing fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Guoyi Sui
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Haitao Wen
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- TG Hilyte Environment Technology (Beijing) Co., LTD., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- TG Hilyte Environment Technology (Beijing) Co., LTD., Beijing 100000, China
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27
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Hydrogen Sulfide Capture and Removal Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Developments and Emerging Trends. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Amine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Alizarin Extraction from Aqueous Media. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alizarin dye is toxic and has a negative influence on human life and the environment. Consequently, the scientific community faces a difficult issue in developing efficient approaches for removing alizarin from water streams. Six distinct deep eutectic solvents (DESs) containing different hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs), namely trioctylphosphine, trioctylamine and trihexylamine, and two hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), namely salicylic acid and malonic acid, were used to rapidly remove alizarin from high concentration solutions up to 2000 mg/L at room temperature using the liquid–liquid micro-extraction method (LLE). DES-3 had the highest extraction efficiency for alizarin among the other synthesized DESs. The effect of process variables such pH, contact time, dye initial concentration, volume ratio, temperature and salt on alizarin extraction efficiency from water stream was explored, optimized and reported. Statistical analysis was conducted to ensure the accuracy of values for the optimized parameters. For a 1000 mg/L solution of alizarin with a DES/alizarin volume ratio of 1:10 at room temperature, the maximum elimination of 98.02 percent was achieved in 5 min. FTIR was used to analyze the structural properties of DES and the interaction between DES and alizarin. The thermal stability of DES-3 was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and indicated that DES-3 has excellent thermal stability up to 320 °C. Human saline was used to test the toxicity of the synthesized DES in vitro. It was determined that synthesized DES is less harmful and more effective at removing alizarin.
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29
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Ghanim AN, Al-Saadi FA. A hybrid system for lead removal of simulated battery industry Wastewater using electrocoagulation/electroflotation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2055576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa N. Ghanim
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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30
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El-Ghobashy MA, Hashim H, Darwish MA, Khandaker MU, Sulieman A, Tamam N, Trukhanov SV, Trukhanov AV, Salem MA. Eco-Friendly NiO/Polydopamine Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Dyes from Wastewater. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071103. [PMID: 35407221 PMCID: PMC9000394 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of industries discharges huge amounts of wastewater that contain surface water. For this reason, we used NiO/polydopamine (NiO/PDA) nanocomposite as an efficient material for the removal of Methyl violet 2B from water. It was synthesized and then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The EDX analysis confirmed the presence of O, Ni, N, and C. The composite has an average particle size of 18 nm. Its surface area is 110.591 m2/g. It was found that the efficiency of dye removal by adsorption on NiO/PDA exceeded that of bare NiO. The adsorption capacity of NiO and NiO/PDA are 126 and 284 mg/g, respectively. The effects of adsorbent dose, dye concentration, and pH on the removal efficiency were examined. The efficiency increased with increasing the adsorbent dose and pH, but dropped from 85 to 73% within 30 min as the initial dye concentration was increased from 0.984 to 4.92 mg/L. Such a drop in the removal efficiency is due to the blocking of the surface-active sites of NiO/PDA, with the high population of dye molecules derived from the continuous increase in dye concentration. The adsorption results of the dye fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. The reusability data showed that NiO/PDA was stable across three adsorption–regeneration cycles, thus it can be considered a good recyclable and efficient adsorbent. Because of these results, it can be considered that this method can be applied for the treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. El-Ghobashy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.-G.); (S.V.T.)
| | - Hisham Hashim
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., Tanta 31527, Egypt; (H.H.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Moustafa A. Darwish
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., Tanta 31527, Egypt; (H.H.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sergei V. Trukhanov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, 19, P. Brovki Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.-G.); (S.V.T.)
| | - Alex V. Trukhanov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, SSPA “Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, 19, P. Brovki Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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Recent Applications of the Electrocoagulation Process on Agro-Based Industrial Wastewater: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14041985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Agro-based final discharge is one of the major contributors to wastewater in the world. It creates high demand for efficient treatment. The electrocoagulation process can be used for agro-based wastewater treatment. The performance of the electrocoagulation process is based on several parameters, including the electrode materials, electrolysis time, current density, and electrolyte support. Agro-based industrial wastewater (AIW) treatment processes depend on the characteristics of the wastewater. The removal of organic content from various sources of AIW can reach up to more than 80%. Some studies show that the performance of the electrochemical process can be increased using a combination with other methods. Those other methods include biological and physical treatment. The results of previous research show that organic content and color can be degraded completely. The relationship between the energy consumption and operating cost was analyzed in order to show the efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment.
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Li YF, Hu CY, Lee YC, Lo SL. Effects of zinc salt addition on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132665. [PMID: 34710459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electrocoagulation (EC) of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by an aluminum electrode with the addition of zinc salt was investigated. Adding ZnCl2 successfully prevented a rise in pH during EC and increased the efficiency from 73.7% to over 99%. In addition, the longer the carbon chain of a PFA was, the better the removal of that PFA by electrocoagulation. The main functions of ZnCl2 were to prevent the rise in pH and improve flotation because the flocs with added ZnCl2 were easy to gather together and had a faster floating speed. The XPS results demonstrated the occurrence of bonding between aluminum and fluoride. This finding indicates that complexation between aluminum and fluoride may be the main mechanism for removal when aluminum electrodes are used to remove perfluoroalkyl (PFA) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Feng Li
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Yao Hu
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan, ROC; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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Pan D, Parshi N, Jana B, Prasad K, Ganguly J. Optimization of the spontaneous adsorption of food colors from aqueous medium using functionalized Chitosan/Cinnamaldehyde hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:758-767. [PMID: 34717978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are considered as practical and proficient materials in adsorption and removal of soluble lethal molecules from aqueous system. They are also rapid-decomposable and economical materials besides their diverse preventive claims. In current study, Cinnamaldehyde (C), a natural defensive compound and Chitosan (Ch), natural occurring bio-macromolecule are considered to develop bio-inspired hydrogel (ChC). The structural and surface characteristics of ChC (13C solid state NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and SEM) are investigated to confirm the successful grafting. The origami of gelation in ChC performs an excellent adsorption activity towards food dyes, Carmoisine (CA) and Tartrazine (TA), which are contaminated by the accumulation during excess release from catering and chemical industries in aqueous system. The adsorption performance is thoroughly screened by varying the pH, ChC dosage, dye concentration, contact time and temperature in aqueous system. Thermodynamic and Kinetics study suggest the natural tendency of adsorption with a good reusability up to 3 cycles. The main mechanism for spontaneous adsorption is initiated by capturing of TA/CA in porous surface followed by the ionic interactions and formation of H-bondings. ChC based adsorption is an excellent and potential approach to control the toxicants for the water-pollution and water-preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West-Bengal 711103, India
| | - Nira Parshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West-Bengal 711103, India
| | - Biswajit Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West-Bengal 711103, India
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Jhuma Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West-Bengal 711103, India.
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Al-Raad AA, Hanafiah MM. Removal of inorganic pollutants using electrocoagulation technology: A review of emerging applications and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113696. [PMID: 34509809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (ECoag) technique has shown considerable potential as an effective method in separating different types of pollutants (including inorganic pollutants) from various sources of water at a lower cost, and that is environmentally friendly. The EC method's performance depends on several significant parameters, including current density, reactor geometry, pH, operation time, the gap between electrodes, and agitation speed. There are some challenges related to the ECoag technique, for example, energy consumption, and electrode passivation as well as its implementation at a larger scale. This review highlights the recent studies published about ECoag capacity to remove inorganic pollutants (including salts), the emerging reactors, and the effect of reactor geometry designs. In addition, this paper highlights the integration of the ECoag technique with other advanced technologies such as microwave and ultrasonic to achieve higher removal efficiencies. This paper also presents a critical discussion of the major and minor reactions of the electrocoagulation technique with several significant operational parameters, emerging designs of the ECoag cell, operating conditions, and techno-economic analysis. Our review concluded that optimizing the operating parameters significantly enhanced the efficiency of the ECoag technique and reduced overall operating costs. Electrodes geometry has been recommended to minimize the passivation phenomenon, promote the conductivity of the cell, and reduce energy consumption. In this review, several challenges and gaps were identified, and insights for future development were discussed. We recommend that future studies investigate the effect of other emerging parameters like perforated and ball electrodes on the ECoag technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas A Al-Raad
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Ababil School, Al-Muthanna Education Directorate, Samawa, 66001, Iraq
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia.
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35
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Payami Shabestar M, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Karamati-Niaragh E. Evaluation of energy and electrode consumption of Acid Red 18 removal using electrocoagulation process through RSM: alternating and direct current. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67214-67223. [PMID: 34247355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate energy and electrode consumption for Acid Red 18 (AR18) removal and the operating costs employing alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) in an electrocoagulation (EC) system. As the novelty of this study, the effects of AC/DC mode and electrode type were scrutinized through a series of designed experiments in a batch EC reactor to remove a globally used Azo dye from wastewater. In this regard, by designing the experiments with response surface methodology (RSM), four series of 30 experiments were separately conducted employing DC and AC for iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) electrodes. In each series, quadratic models were achieved for the removal efficiency and operating costs; by confirming the accuracy of the models, two responses were simultaneously optimized accordingly. As a result, the AR18 removal efficiency with Al electrodes had no significant difference using AC and DC (on average 0.2% difference); however, for Fe electrode, the EC performance in DC was more significant than AC (on average 13.8% difference). Also, the operating costs of Fe electrode were more economical in comparison with the Al; on average, the operating costs in the case of applying DC for Fe and Al were achieved 14.6 and 39.8 (US$/kg dye removed), respectively; whereas, for AC, this amount was calculated 9.3 and 36.0 (US$/kg dye removed) for Fe and Al, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Payami Shabestar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Karamati-Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
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36
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Electrocoagulation applied for the removal of microplastics from wastewater treatment facilities. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Druskovic M, Vouk D, Posavcic H, Halkijevic I, Nad K. The application of electrochemical processes in oily wastewater treatment: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1373-1386. [PMID: 34783645 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1999714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oily wastewater is becoming a concern worldwide due to its quantities and the presence of contaminants and its sustainable treatment should be cost-effective and meet all requirements so the contaminants are not transferred to the environment. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art in the oily wastewater treatment by electrochemical processes such as electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and electrocoagulation. Efficiency of oily wastewater treatment has been thoroughly investigated with its expression as a function of the main technological (process) parameters. Fe and Al electrodes, as well as their combination have proven to be very effective in oily wastewater treatment with slightly better performance of Al electrodes. Higher current densities and longer reaction times result with higher COD, TOC, turbidity, phenol and oil and grease removal efficiencies, but with resulting increase in wastewater temperature and energy consumption, so there is a strong need for the process optimization. There is a need for further research on the treatment efficiencies of different contaminants (heavy metals, total hydrocarbons, organic halogens, cyanides, etc.). A lack of research is presented on the treatment efficiency with electrodes of different materials as well as the analyses of the sludge production and its further treatment and use or disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drazen Vouk
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hana Posavcic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halkijevic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Nad
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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38
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Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226813. [PMID: 34833906 PMCID: PMC8621562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inefficiency of conventional biological processes to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in wastewater is leading to their accumulation in aquatic environments. These compounds are characterized by high toxicity, high antibiotic activity and low biodegradability, and their presence is causing serious environmental risks. Because much of the PhCs consumed by humans are excreted in the urine, hospital effluents have been considered one of the main routes of entry of PhCs into the environment. In this work, a critical review of the technologies employed for the removal of PhCs in hospital wastewater was carried out. This review provides an overview of the current state of the developed technologies for decreasing the chemical risks associated with the presence of PhCs in hospital wastewater or urine in the last years, including conventional treatments (filtration, adsorption, or biological processes), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs).
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39
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Electrocoagulation Process: An Approach to Continuous Processes, Reactors Design, Pharmaceuticals Removal, and Hybrid Systems—A Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocoagulation (EC) process has been widely studied in recent years to remove a wide range of contaminants present in different types of water: fluorides, arsenic, heavy metals, organic matter, colorants, oils, and recently, pharmaceutical compounds. However, most of the studies have been aimed at understanding the process factors that have the most significant effect on efficiency, and these studies have been mainly on a batch process. Therefore, this review is focused on elucidating the current state of development of this process and the challenges it involves transferring to continuous processes and the recent exploration of its potential use in the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants and its implementation with other technologies.
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40
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Hamid MAA, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS. Electrocoagulation Process in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate. SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 2021:257-304. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119785439.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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41
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. Electrocoagulation as an efficacious technology for the treatment of wastewater containing active pharmaceutical compounds: a review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1972011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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42
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de Carvalho Góes MC, Garcez MPR, Siqueira ARF, Farias TP, de Santana CG, de Jesus Gomes da Costa Neto J, Bezerra CWB. Pectin and SDS as auxiliary flocculants for complementary treatment of textile wastewater by electrocoagulation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Xu X, Zhang H, Gao T, Teng J. Impacts of applied voltage on forward osmosis process harvesting microalgae: Filtration behaviors and lipid extraction efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145678. [PMID: 33940758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising source of biofuels, while harvesting process is the obstacle for the further development. Herein, a treatment system that combined electrochemical process with forward osmosis (FO) membrane filtration process was developed to achieve microalgae harvesting. The conductive FO membranes were used as both electrode materials and basic separation system. With -5 V electric field being applied, 57.6% of reduction in water flux loss was observed, while microalgae recovery efficiency increased by 17.3%. The lipid content also increased to nearly 38%. Meanwhile, the inevitable reverse diffusion of solutes in the FO process and the concentration process of the microalgae solution increased the salinity of the microalgae solution, which is generally regarded as an obstacle for the application of FO. However, in the electrically-assisted FO system, it not only improved the efficiency of the electrochemical process, but also can increase the lipid content. The lipid extraction efficiency of the -5 V electric field increased from 17.7% and 28.5% to 20.4% and 31.1%, respectively, with one and two times extractions. The synergistic effect of the reverse diffusion of Cl- and electrochemical process was conducive for the improvement of the lipid extraction efficiency, and is expected to reduce the energy consumption of the lipid extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Chow H, Pham ALT. Mitigating Electrode Fouling in Electrocoagulation by Means of Polarity Reversal: The Effects of Electrode Type, Current Density, and Polarity Reversal Frequency. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 197:117074. [PMID: 33784607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest issues in electrocoagulation (EC) water treatment processes is electrode fouling, which can cause decreased coagulant production, increased ohmic resistance and energy consumption, and reduced contaminant removal efficiency, among other operational problems. While it has been suggested that switching the current direction intermittently (i.e., polarity reversal, PR) can help mitigate electrode fouling, conflicting results about the utility of this approach have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the effects of PR frequency and current density on the performance of Fe-EC and Al-EC. It was found that operating Fe-EC under the PR mode reduced neither electrode fouling nor energy consumption. Notably, the Faradaic efficiency (ϕ) in Fe-EC decreased with increasing PR frequency; ϕ was as low as 10% when a PR frequency of 0.5 minutes was employed. Unlike Fe-EC, operating Al-EC under the PR mode resulted in high coagulant production efficiencies, reduced energy consumption, and diminished electrode fouling. In addition to comparing PR-EC and DC-EC, a novel strategy to minimize electrode fouling was investigated. This strategy involved operating Fe DC-EC and Al DC-EC with a Ti-IrO2 cathode, whose fouling by Ca- and Mg-containing minerals could be readily avoided by periodically switching the current direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héline Chow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anh Le-Tuan Pham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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46
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Bayuo J. An extensive review on chromium (vi) removal using natural and agricultural wastes materials as alternative biosorbents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1193-1207. [PMID: 34150305 PMCID: PMC8172654 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several conventional techniques for heavy metals decontamination for instance ion exchange, evaporation, precipitation and electroplating have been utilized in preceding years. Though these techniques have some drawbacks, adsorption using low-cost biosorbents is environmentally friendly. In this study, the potential of several natural and agricultural wastes as economical biosorbents for the reduction of Cr(VI) ions from polluted water has been reviewed. The application of adsorption models, as well as the impact of adsorption factors on heavy metals eradication, has been considered in this review. The study revealed that efficient reduction of Cr(VI) from water and wastewaters is highly dependent on the pH of the solution, shaking time, adsorbent type, initial concentration and temperature. The review of the relevant literature indicates that the maximum removal efficiency of Cr(VI) using the various low-cost adsorbents ranged from 50.0-100.0% with optimum pH and contact time ranging from 2.0-6.0 and 30.0-180.0 min, respectively at room temperature (25.0 °C). Furthermore, considering all the studies reviewed, the pseudo-second-kinetics and Langmuir isotherm are the dominant models that best described the Cr(VI) equilibrium data. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the biosorption of Cr(VI) on the biosorbents was spontaneous, realistic and endothermic at the temperature range of 30.0-45.0 °C. It is found that the natural and agricultural wastes as cheap biosorbents are feasible replacements to commercial activated carbons for metal-contaminated water treatment. However, gaps have been identified to improve applicability, regeneration, reuse and safe discarding of the laden adsorbents, optimization and commercialization of suitable agricultural adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bayuo
- Department of Science and Mathematics Education, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Postal Box 24, Navrongo, Upper East Region Ghana
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Postal Box 24, Navrongo, Upper East Region Ghana
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47
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Physical and Biological Treatment Technologies of Slaughterhouse Wastewater: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical and biological treatment technology are considered a highly feasible and economic way to treat slaughterhouse wastewater. To achieve the desired effluent quality for disposal or reuse, various technological options were reviewed. However, most practical operations are accompanied by several advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, due to the presence of biodegradable organic matter in slaughterhouse waste, anaerobic digestion technology is commonly applied for economic gain. In this paper, the common technologies used for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment and their suitability were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the different processes were evaluated. Physical treatments (dissolved air floatation (DAF), coagulation–flocculation and sedimentation, electrocoagulation process and membrane technology) were found to be more effective but required a large space to operate and intensive capital investment. However, some biological treatments such as anaerobic, facultative lagoons, activated sludge process and trickling filters were also effective but required longer start-up periods. This review further explores the various strategies being used in the treatment of other wastewater for the production of valuable by-products through anaerobic digestion.
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48
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Jagirani MS, Balouch A, Mahesar SA, Alveroğlu E, Kumar A, Tunio A, Abdullah. Selective and sensitive detoxification of toxic lead ions from drinking water using lead (II) ion-imprinted interpenetrating polymer linkage. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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49
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Carmona-Carmona PF, Linares-Hernández I, Teutli-Sequeira EA, López-Rebollar BM, Álvarez-Bastida C, Mier-Quiroga MDLA, Vázquez-Mejía G, Martínez-Miranda V. Industrial wastewater treatment using magnesium electrocoagulation in batch and continuous mode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:269-288. [PMID: 33499749 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1868823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the electrocoagulation (EC) performance of a Mg-Mg system was applied for the industrial wastewater treatment, from an industrial park that covers different activities such as: food, automotive, pharmaceutical, chemistry and cosmetics, after primary clarification. The effects of major operating parameters such as pH, reaction time, and current density were investigated for chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and turbidity removal efficiency. The batch system was found convenient, achieving 63.52% COD, 96% color, and 99.32% turbidity removal at optimized operating conditions of pH 7.12, reaction time of 75 min, and current density of 201.5 A/m2. On the other hand, for continuous EC, the process removed approximately 46.58%, 95.96%, and 87.19% of the COD, color, and turbidity respectively, at 90 min of retention time, current density 440 A/m2, and a rate of 20 mL/min. Additionally, concerning nutrient removal (N and P), the EC system with Mg electrodes was highly efficient; batch treatment removed 97% of total phosphorus and 67% of ammoniacal nitrogen, whereas the continuous treatment removed 98.5% of total phosphorus and 83% of ammoniacal nitrogen. The sludge characterization before and after EC treatment was made by SEM, EDS, Fluorescence spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy. Minerals such as chlorite, crossite, richterite, pyroaurite, langbeinite as weel as aliphatic and polysubstituted aromatics compounds, sulfates and phosphates inorganic ions, and organic phosphorus were reduced. The energy cost in the batch EC is US$0.05/m3. A numerical CFD model was used to estimate the velocity fields and guarantee the presence of turbulent kinetic energy within a continuous flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Fabiola Carmona-Carmona
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | | | - Boris Miguel López-Rebollar
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Carolina Álvarez-Bastida
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Miroslava de Los Angeles Mier-Quiroga
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Guadalupe Vázquez-Mejía
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, México
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Sandoval MA, Fuentes R, Thiam A, Salazar R. Arsenic and fluoride removal by electrocoagulation process: A general review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142108. [PMID: 33207438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental sector has expressed a growing interest in using electrocoagulation (EC) to treat groundwater/wastewater for drinking/recycling purposes. In the EC process, the electro-dissolution of sacrificial metallic anodes through direct application of current/cell potential dissolves the metals, which precipitate as oxides and hydroxides depending on the electrolyte pH. These particles have large surface areas and can remove pollutants by coagulation. The EC process has been considered an alternative technology due to its versatility, efficiency, low cost, and environmental compatibility. Unfortunately, the lack of knowledge about scaling-up this process has limited its implementation at the industrial scale. The aim of this study is to provide a review of the EC process used for removing arsenic and fluoride from groundwater and wastewater. Approximately 80 published studies were reviewed for this paper. The fundamentals of the EC process and importance of its operating conditions, i.e., electrode material, current density, supporting electrolyte, and pH, are reported in this paper. Additionally, overview of floc characterization and energy consumption are also presented. Finally, this paper also discusses the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sandoval
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Rosalba Fuentes
- Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Abdoulaye Thiam
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
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