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Tang Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Luo S, Xu Y, Ren L. Functional hyaluronic acid microneedles for skin photoaging based on collagen induction and oxidative stress regulation strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134080. [PMID: 39074698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Photoaging holds remarkable importance for skin health and senescence. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation results in the disruption of the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment, the degradation of collagen, and the generation of oxidative stress. Traditional hyaluronic acid (HA) exhibits a diminished capacity to stimulate collagen regeneration, and hampered by its poor permeability as a macromolecule, ultimately resulting in constrained therapeutic outcomes for the treatment of photoaging. In this study, HA/PX was prepared by functional modification of HA with sulfonate-rich or phosphatidylcholine-rich polymers, which could complement the loss of ECM and ameliorate the senescence of human fibroblasts (HDFs) and hairless mouse models subjected to UVB-induced photoaging. The results indicate that HA/PX exhibits superior abilities in delaying cellular aging, promoting collagen regeneration, and resisting reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to HA. Furthermore, HA/PX shows good biocompatibility both in vivo and in vitro, without causing allergic reactions or other adverse effects. We also demonstrated that the transdermal delivery of HA/PX via microneedle arrays (MNs) can significantly mitigate wrinkles and skin damage in photoaged nude mice, and achieve the treatment of skin photoaging by enhancing epidermal thickness, promoting collagen deposition, and reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, our research offers a novel possibility for future anti-aging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Youliang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Shengkang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Yingni Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Sun P, Kraus CN, Zhao W, Xu J, Suh S, Nguyen Q, Jia Y, Nair A, Oakes M, Tinoco R, Shiu J, Sun B, Elsensohn A, Atwood SX, Nie Q, Dai X. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of vulvar lichen sclerosus reveal multi-compartmental alterations in gene expression and signaling cross-talk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.14.607986. [PMID: 39211101 PMCID: PMC11361165 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.14.607986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Vulvar diseases are a critical yet often neglected area of women's health, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life and frequently resulting in long-term physical and psychological challenges. Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that predominantly affects the vulva, leading to severe itching, pain, scarring, and an increased risk of malignancy. Despite its profound impact on affected individuals, the molecular pathogenesis of vulvar LS (VLS) is not well understood, hindering the development of FDA-approved therapies. Here, we utilize single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to analyze lesional and non-lesional skin from VLS patients, as well as healthy control vulvar skin. Our findings demonstrate histologic, cellular, and molecular heterogeneities within VLS, yet highlight unifying molecular changes across keratinocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and melanocytes in lesional skin. They reveal cellular stress and damage in fibroblasts and keratinocytes, enhanced T cell activation and cytotoxicity, aberrant cell-cell signaling, and increased activation of the IFN, JAK/STAT, and p53 pathways in specific cell types. Using both monolayer and organotypic culture models, we also demonstrate that knockdown of select genes, which are downregulated in VLS lesional keratinocytes, partially recapitulates VLS-like stress-associated changes. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of VLS, identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for future research.
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Lukomska A, Frost MP, Theune WC, Xing J, Gupta M, Trakhtenberg EF. Nfe2l3 promotes neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration after injury in vivo. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114741. [PMID: 38395216 PMCID: PMC10981571 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like (Nfe2l) gene family members 1-3 mediate cellular response to oxidative stress, including in the central nervous system (CNS). However, neuronal functions of Nfe2l3 are unknown. Here, we comparatively evaluated expression of Nfe2l1, Nfe2l2, and Nfe2l3 in singe cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq)-profiled cortical and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) CNS projection neurons, investigated whether Nfe2l3 regulates neuroprotection and axon regeneration after CNS injury in vivo, and characterized a gene network associated with Nfe2l3 in neurons. We showed that, Nfe2l3 expression transiently peaks in developing immature cortical and RGC projection neurons, but is nearly abolished in adult neurons and is not upregulated after injury. Furthermore, within the retina, Nfe2l3 is enriched in RGCs, primarily neonatally, and not upregulated in injured RGCs, whereas Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2 are expressed robustly in other retinal cell types as well and are upregulated in injured RGCs. We also found that, expressing Nfe2l3 in injured RGCs through localized intralocular viral vector delivery promotes neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration after optic nerve injury in vivo. Moreover, Nfe2l3 provided a similar extent of neuroprotection and axon regeneration as viral vector-targeting of Pten and Klf9, which are prominent regulators of neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration. Finally, we bioinformatically characterized a gene network associated with Nfe2l3 in neurons, which predicted the association of Nfe2l3 with established mechanisms of neuroprotection and axon regeneration. Thus, Nfe2l3 is a novel neuroprotection and axon regeneration-promoting factor with a therapeutic potential for treating CNS injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lukomska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew P Frost
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - William C Theune
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Mahit Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ephraim F Trakhtenberg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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4
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Oğuzman H, Kaçmaz M. The role of pentraxin 3 and oxidative status in the prognosis of multiple myeloma. J Investig Med 2024; 72:333-340. [PMID: 38373952 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241235662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow malignancy characterized by plasma cell proliferation. It was aimed to investigate pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels, oxidative/antioxidative status, and their correlation in MM. In the study, four groups were established, including newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), MM in remission (Rem-MM), relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients, and a healthy control group. PTX3 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed with an autoanalyzer. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated using the formula: OSI (arbitrary unit) = TOS (µmol H2O2 Eq/L)/TAS (mmol Trolox Eq/L) × 100. The study involved comparing PTX3, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels among these four groups. PTX3 levels were significantly elevated in NDMM and RRMM groups compared to controls and the Rem-MM group (NDMM vs control; p < 0.001, NDMM vs Rem-MM; p < 0.001, RRMM vs control; p < 0.001, and RRMM vs Rem-MM; p = 0.006). TAS was higher in NDMM and RRMM groups versus controls (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively), and TOS was higher in rem-MM group versus NDMM and control groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). OSI was higher in the Rem-MM group than in NDMM and RRMM groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed associations between MM groups and PTX3 levels. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed high specificity (90%) and sensitivity (79%) for PTX3 in NDMM at a >0.56 ng/mL cut-off value. This study suggests that PTX3 levels may have diagnostic and prognostic potential in MM and its relationship with oxidative stress requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Oğuzman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaçmaz
- Department of Hematology, Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Angom RS, Joshi A, Patowary A, Sivadas A, Ramasamy S, K. V. S, Kaushik K, Sabharwal A, Lalwani MK, K. S, Singh N, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S. Forward genetic screen using a gene-breaking trap approach identifies a novel role of grin2bb-associated RNA transcript ( grin2bbART) in zebrafish heart function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1339292. [PMID: 38533084 PMCID: PMC10964321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1339292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LncRNA-based control affects cardiac pathophysiologies like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, hypertrophy, and myotonic muscular dystrophy. This study used a gene-break transposon (GBT) to screen zebrafish (Danio rerio) for insertional mutagenesis. We identified three insertional mutants where the GBT captured a cardiac gene. One of the adult viable GBT mutants had bradycardia (heart arrhythmia) and enlarged cardiac chambers or hypertrophy; we named it "bigheart." Bigheart mutant insertion maps to grin2bb or N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR2B) gene intron 2 in reverse orientation. Rapid amplification of adjacent cDNA ends analysis suggested a new insertion site transcript in the intron 2 of grin2bb. Analysis of the RNA sequencing of wild-type zebrafish heart chambers revealed a possible new transcript at the insertion site. As this putative lncRNA transcript satisfies the canonical signatures, we called this transcript grin2bb associated RNA transcript (grin2bbART). Using in situ hybridization, we confirmed localized grin2bbART expression in the heart, central nervous system, and muscles in the developing embryos and wild-type adult zebrafish atrium and bulbus arteriosus. The bigheart mutant had reduced Grin2bbART expression. We showed that bigheart gene trap insertion excision reversed cardiac-specific arrhythmia and atrial hypertrophy and restored grin2bbART expression. Morpholino-mediated antisense downregulation of grin2bbART in wild-type zebrafish embryos mimicked bigheart mutants; this suggests grin2bbART is linked to bigheart. Cardiovascular tissues use Grin2bb as a calcium-permeable ion channel. Calcium imaging experiments performed on bigheart mutants indicated calcium mishandling in the heart. The bigheart cardiac transcriptome showed differential expression of calcium homeostasis, cardiac remodeling, and contraction genes. Western blot analysis highlighted Camk2d1 and Hdac1 overexpression. We propose that altered calcium activity due to disruption of grin2bbART, a putative lncRNA in bigheart, altered the Camk2d-Hdac pathway, causing heart arrhythmia and hypertrophy in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Adita Joshi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Patowary
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Soundhar Ramasamy
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Shamsudheen K. V.
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kriti Kaushik
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ankit Sabharwal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Lalwani
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Subburaj K.
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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6
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Li F, Zhi J, Zhao R, Sun Y, Wen H, Cai H, Chen W, Jiang X, Bai R. Discovery of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as anti-skin photoaging agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116152. [PMID: 38278079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Photodamage is the result of prolonged exposure of the skin to sunlight. This exposure causes an overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to the abnormal degradation of collagen in the skin tissue and resulting in skin aging and damage. This review presents a detailed overview of MMPs as a potential target for addressing skin aging. Specifically, we elucidated the precise mechanisms by which MMP inhibitors exert their anti-photoaging effects. Furthermore, we comprehensively analyzed the current research progress on MMP inhibitors that demonstrate significant inhibitory activity against MMPs and anti-skin photoaging effects. The review also provides insights into the structure-activity relationships of these inhibitors. Our objective in conducting this review is to provide valuable practical information to researchers engaged in investigations on anti-skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Jia Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Yinyan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Hong Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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7
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Shen C, Wang H. Age-Associated KLF9 Enhances the Inflammatory Response of Alveolar Macrophages Via Regulating TLR2 Expression. Rejuvenation Res 2024; 27:17-23. [PMID: 38062733 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is a severe infection in infant and young children. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated inflammation plays essential roles in S. aureus pneumonia. Krueppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is a transcriptional factor participating in multiple cellular aspects including inflammation. In this study, the potential roles of KLF9 in S. aureus pneumonia were evaluated. The expression of KLF9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors with different ages and in alveolar macrophages from mice with different ages was measured. Pam3CK4-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines was compared in alveolar macrophages from young and old mice and in wild-type (WT) and KLF9-deficient macrophages. The survival rate, body weight loss, lung pathology were compared between WT and KLF9-deficient mice after S. aureus infection. The TLR2 expression was compared between WT and KLF9-deficient macrophages after Pam3CK4 treatment. Decreased expression of KLF9 was detected in PBMCs from elder donor and in macrophages from old mice. Impaired expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in macrophages from old mice and KLF9-deficient macrophages after Pam3CK4 treatment. KLF9-deficient mice had elevated survival rate, decreased lung injury after S. aureus infection. Decreased expression of TLR2 was detected in KLF9-deficient macrophages and overexpression of TLR2 rescued the impaired expression of inflammatory cytokines in KLF9-deficient macrophages. KLF9 regulated inflammatory responses in macrophages through TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Xiao Y, Huang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yu L, Yang J, Zou H, Wan W, Yang X. Xanthohumol attenuates collagen synthesis in scleroderma skin fibroblasts by ROS/Nrf2/TGFβ1/Smad3 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176227. [PMID: 38072040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis, the most obvious clinical manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc), has a high unmet need for treatment. Xanthohumol (Xn) has been shown to have beneficial effects on fibrotic diseases, but its efficacy in SSc remains unreported. This study aims to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of Xn on collagen synthesis in SSc skin fibroblasts (SScF). We found increased collagen production in SScF cultured in vitro, accompanied by dysregulated levels of oxidative stress. Cell experiments showed that Xn inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. In addition, Xn was shown for the first time to upregulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)levels in SScF, and when combined with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Nrf2 expression was decreased. Importantly, we demonstrated that Xn significantly attenuated collagen synthesis by blocking the fibrotic classical transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)/Smad3 pathway, which interestingly was upregulated when combined with the Nrf2 inhibitor 385. Taken together, Xn suppressed the TGFβ1/Smad3 pathway to ameliorate collagen overproduction by promoting ROS-induced oxidative stress damage and activating Nrf2, suggesting that Xn administration may be an emerging therapeutic strategy for skin fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhou Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Central Lab, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhao H, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong J, Wang K, Wang X, Li X, Qi H, Zhao X. Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Dichloroacetate: Targeting Metabolic Disorders in Nervous System Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7559-7581. [PMID: 38106446 PMCID: PMC10725694 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug used to treat lactic acidosis and malignant tumours. It works by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. Some studies have documented the neuroprotective benefits of DCA. By reviewing these studies, this paper shows that DCA has multiple pharmacological activities, including regulating metabolism, ameliorating oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing autophagy, protecting the blood‒brain barrier, improving the function of endothelial progenitor cells, improving mitochondrial dynamics, and decreasing amyloid β-protein. In addition, DCA inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes it, which leads to peripheral neurotoxicity due to drug accumulation that may be solved by individualized drug delivery and nanovesicle delivery. In summary, in this review, we analyse the mechanisms of neuroprotection by DCA in different diseases and discuss the causes of and solutions to its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Yang YC, Zhu Y, Sun SJ, Zhao CJ, Bai Y, Wang J, Ma LT. ROS regulation in gliomas: implications for treatment strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259797. [PMID: 38130720 PMCID: PMC10733468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), of which glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and destructive type. The glioma tumour microenvironment (TME) has unique characteristics, such as hypoxia, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumour neovascularization. Therefore, the traditional treatment effect is limited. As cellular oxidative metabolites, ROS not only promote the occurrence and development of gliomas but also affect immune cells in the immune microenvironment. In contrast, either too high or too low ROS levels are detrimental to the survival of glioma cells, which indicates the threshold of ROS. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of ROS production and scavenging, the threshold of ROS, and the role of ROS in the glioma TME can provide new methods and strategies for glioma treatment. Current methods to increase ROS include photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), etc., and methods to eliminate ROS include the ingestion of antioxidants. Increasing/scavenging ROS is potentially applicable treatment, and further studies will help to provide more effective strategies for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Health, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jia Sun
- Department of Postgraduate Work, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Can-Jun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical and Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
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11
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Wang M, Zhang F, Ning X, Wu C, Zhou Y, Gou Z, Fan Y, Duan R, Li Z, Shao C, Lu L. Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Pyroptosis via Nrf2: TBHQ Limits Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in a Mouse Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Inflammation 2023; 46:2386-2401. [PMID: 37556072 PMCID: PMC10673969 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor e2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in cellular resistance to oxidative stress injury. Oxidative stress injury, caused by Nrf2 imbalance, results in increased pyroptosis, DNA damage, and inflammatory activation, which may lead to the arrest of alveolar development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants under hyperoxic conditions. We established a BPD mouse model to investigate the effects of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), an Nrf2 activator, on oxidative stress injury, pyroptosis, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and alveolar development. TBHQ reduced abnormal cell death in the lung tissue of BPD mice and restored the number and normal structure of the alveoli. TBHQ administration activated the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, resulting in the decrease in the following: reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and IL-18 and IL-1β expression and activation, as well as inhibition of pyroptosis. In contrast, after Nrf2 gene knockout in BPD mice, there was more severe oxidative stress injury and cell death in the lungs, there were TUNEL + and NLRP3 + co-positive cells in the alveoli, the pyroptosis was significantly increased, and the development of alveoli was significantly blocked. We demonstrated that TBHQ may promote alveolar development by enhancing Nrf2-induced antioxidation in the lung tissue of BPD mice and that the decrease in the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis caused by Nrf2 activation may be the underlying mechanism. These results suggest that TBHQ is a promising treatment for lung injury in premature infants with hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixian Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China.
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Simmen FA, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM. Krüppel-like Factor-9 and Krüppel-like Factor-13: Highly Related, Multi-Functional, Transcriptional Repressors and Activators of Oncogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5667. [PMID: 38067370 PMCID: PMC10705314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Specificity Proteins/Krüppel-like Factors (SP/KLF family) are a conserved family of transcriptional regulators. These proteins share three highly conserved, contiguous zinc fingers in their carboxy-terminus, requisite for binding to cis elements in DNA. Each SP/KLF protein has unique primary sequence within its amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions, and it is these regions which interact with co-activators, co-repressors, and chromatin-modifying proteins to support the transcriptional activation and repression of target genes. Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) and Krüppel-like Factor 13 (KLF13) are two of the smallest members of the SP/KLF family, are paralogous, emerged early in metazoan evolution, and are highly conserved. Paradoxically, while most similar in primary sequence, KLF9 and KLF13 display many distinct roles in target cells. In this article, we summarize the work that has identified the roles of KLF9 (and to a lesser degree KLF13) in tumor suppression or promotion via unique effects on differentiation, pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and tumor immune cell infiltration. We also highlight the great diversity of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circular RNAs which provide mechanisms for the ubiquitous tumor-specific suppression of KLF9 mRNA and protein. Elucidation of KLF9 and KLF13 in cancer biology is likely to provide new inroads to the understanding of oncogenesis and its prevention and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
| | - Rosalia C. M. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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13
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Chhunchha B, Kumar R, Kubo E, Thakur P, Singh DP. Prdx6 Regulates Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation-Driven Inflammatory Response in Lens Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16276. [PMID: 38003466 PMCID: PMC10671722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuum of antioxidant response dysregulation in aging/oxidative stress-driven Nlrp3 inflammasome activation-mediated inflammatory response is associated with age-related diseases. Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6 is a key antioxidant that provides cytoprotection by regulating redox homeostasis. Herein, using lens epithelial cells (LECs) derived from the targeted inactivation of Prdx6 gene and aging lenses, we present molecular evidence that Prdx6-deficiency causes oxidative-driven Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, resulting in pyroptosis in aging/redox active cells wherein Prdx6 availability offsets the inflammatory process. We observed that Prdx6-/- and aging LECs harboring accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed augmented activation of Nlrp3 and bioactive inflammatory components, like Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC and Gasdermin-D. Similar to lipopolysaccharide treatment, oxidative exposure led to further ROS amplification with increased activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome pathway. Mechanistically, we found that oxidative stress enhanced Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) expression in aging/Prdx6-/- mLECs, leading to a Klf9-dependent increase in Nlrp3 transcription, while the elimination of ROS by the delivery of Prdx6 or by silencing Klf9 prevented the inflammatory response. Altogether, our data identify the biological significance of Prdx6 as an intrinsic checkpoint for regulating the cellular health of aging or redox active LECs and provide opportunities to develop antioxidant-based therapeutic(s) to prevent oxidative/aging-related diseases linked to aberrant Nlrp3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 9200293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Priyanka Thakur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.K.); (P.T.)
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14
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Tang X, Miao Y, Cao L, Liu Y, Zhu X, Zhang J, Wang D, Li X, Zhang L, Huo J, Chen J. Adverse outcome pathway exploration of furan-induced liver fibrosis in rats: Genotoxicity pathway or oxidative stress pathway through CYP2E1 activation? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139998. [PMID: 37657698 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a widespread endogenous contaminant in heat-processed foods that can accumulate rapidly in the food chain and has been widely detected in foods, such as wheat, bread, coffee, canned meat products, and baby food. Dietary exposure to this chemical may bring health risk. Furan is classified as a possible category 2B human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with the liver as its primary target organ. Hepatic fibrosis is the most important nontumoral harmful effect of furan and also an important event in the carcinogenesis of furan. Although the specific mechanism of furan-induced liver fibrosis is still unclear, it may involve oxidative stress and genetic toxicity, in which the activation of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) may be the key event. Thus, we conducted a study using an integrating multi-endpoint genotoxicity platform in 120-day in vivo subchronic toxicity test in rats. Results showed that the rats with activated CYP2E1 exhibited DNA double-strand breaks in D4, gene mutations in D60, and increased expression of reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in D120. Necrosis, apoptosis, hepatic stellate cell activation, and fibrosis also occurred in the liver, suggesting that furan can independently affect liver fibrosis through oxidative stress and genotoxicity pathways. Point of Departure (PoD) was obtained by benchmark-dose (BMD) method to establish health-based guidance values. The human equivalent dose of PoD derived from BMDL05 was 2.26 μg/kg bw/d. The findings laid a foundation for the safety evaluation and risk assessment of furan and provided data for the further construction and improvement of the adverse outcome pathway network in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeqiu Miao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Cao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Huo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Maulik M, Looschen K, Smith C, Johnson K, Carman AF, Nagisetty C, Corriveau K, Salisbury C, Deschepper K, Michels M, Henderson-Redmond AN, Morgan DJ, Mitra S. Postpartum scarcity-adversity inflicts sex-specific cerebellar adaptations and reward behaviors in adolescence. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 231:173620. [PMID: 37625522 PMCID: PMC10565883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity in the form of poor postnatal care is a major developmental stressor impacting behavior later in life. Previous studies have shown the impact of early life stress on neurobehavioral abnormalities. Specifically, research has demonstrated how limited bedding and nesting (LBN) materials can cause behavioral deficits in adulthood. There is, however, a limited understanding of how LBN influences sex-specific neurobehavioral adaptation in adolescence, a developmental stage susceptible to psychiatric diseases including substance use disorder. LBN and stress-naive c57BL/6 adolescent male and female mouse offspring were tested for a battery of behaviors including open field, novel object recognition, elevated plus maze, social preference, and morphine-induced conditioned place preference. There was a significant sex-specific deficit in social preference in male mice exposed to LBN compared to stress-naïve counterparts and both LBN males and females had a higher preference towards the drug-paired chamber in the morphine-induced conditioned place preference test. These behavioral deficits were concomitant with sex-specific increases in the transcription factor, Klf9 in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of males. Further, mRNA levels of the circadian gene Bmal1, which is known to be transcriptionally regulated by Klf9, were decreased in the DCN. Since Bmal1 has recently been implicated in extracellular matrix modulation, we examined perineuronal nets (PNN) and observed depleted PNN in the DCN of males but not female LBN mice. Overall, we provide a novel understanding of how postpartum adversity impinges on the cerebellar extracellular matrix homeostasis, likely, through disruption of the circadian axis by Klf9 that might underlie sex-specific behavioral adaptations in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Maulik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Kassandra Looschen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Colton Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Khyla Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Alaina F Carman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Cherishma Nagisetty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Katilyn Corriveau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Colin Salisbury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Kayla Deschepper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Madison Michels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Angela N Henderson-Redmond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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16
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Li S, Li L, Zhang C, Fu H, Yu S, Zhou M, Guo J, Fang Z, Li A, Zhao M, Zhang M, Wang X. PM2.5 leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes by inducing trophoblast oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis via KLF9/CYP1A1 transcriptional axis. eLife 2023; 12:e85944. [PMID: 37737576 PMCID: PMC10584374 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with adverse obstetric and postnatal metabolic health outcomes, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the toxicological pathways by which PM2.5 damaged placental trophoblasts in vivo and in vitro. We confirmed that PM2.5 induced adverse gestational outcomes such as increased fetal mortality rates, decreased fetal numbers and weight, damaged placental structure, and increased apoptosis of trophoblasts. Additionally, PM2.5 induced dysfunction of the trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo, including in its proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and angiogenesis. Moreover, we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptional landscape of HTR8/SVneo cells exposed to PM2.5 through RNA-Seq and observed that PM2.5 triggered overexpression of pathways involved in oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis to damage HTR8/SVneo cell biological functions through CYP1A1. Mechanistically, PM2.5 stimulated KLF9, a transcription factor identified as binding to CYP1A1 promoter region, which further modulated the CYP1A1-driven downstream phenotypes. Together, this study demonstrated that the KLF9/CYP1A1 axis played a crucial role in the toxic progression of PM2.5 induced adverse pregnancy outcomes, suggesting adverse effects of environmental pollution on pregnant females and putative targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lingbing Li
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
| | - Huaxuan Fu
- Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center of Shandong ProvinceJinanChina
| | - Shuping Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
| | - Junjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhenya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
| | - Anna Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
| | - Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xietong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
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17
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Yang F, Wendusubilige, Kong J, Zong Y, Wang M, Jing C, Ma Z, Li W, Cao R, Jing S, Gao J, Li W, Wang J. Identifying oxidative stress-related biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine using integrative omics approaches and machine-learning strategies. EPMA J 2023; 14:417-442. [PMID: 37605652 PMCID: PMC10439879 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis that currently lacks effective treatment methods. Preventing the acute exacerbation of IPF, identifying the molecular subtypes of patients, providing personalized treatment, and developing individualized drugs are guidelines for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM) to promote the development of IPF. Oxidative stress (OS) is an important pathological process of IPF. However, the relationship between the expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (OSRGs) and clinical indices in patients with IPF is unclear; therefore, it is still a challenge to identify potential beneficiaries of antioxidant therapy. Because PPPM aims to recognize and manage diseases by integrating multiple methods, patient stratification and analysis based on OSRGs and identifying biomarkers can help achieve the above goals. Methods Transcriptome data from 250 IPF patients were divided into training and validation sets. Core OSRGs were identified in the training set and subsequently clustered to identify oxidative stress-related subtypes. The oxidative stress scores, clinical characteristics, and expression levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) of different subtypes were compared to identify patients who were sensitive to antioxidant therapy to conduct differential gene functional enrichment analysis and predict potential therapeutic drugs. Diagnostic markers between subtypes were obtained by integrating multiple machine learning methods, their expression levels were tested in rat models with different degrees of pulmonary fibrosis and validation sets, and nomogram models were constructed. CIBERSORT, single-cell RNA sequencing, and immunofluorescence staining were used to explore the effects of OSRGs on the immune microenvironment. Results Core OSRGs classified IPF into two subtypes. Patients classified into subtypes with low oxidative stress levels had better clinical scores, less severe fibrosis, and lower expression of SASP-related molecules. A reliable nomogram model based on five diagnostic markers was constructed, and these markers' expression stability was verified in animal experiments. The number of neutrophils in the immune microenvironment was significantly different between the two subtypes and was closely related to the degree of fibrosis. Conclusion Within the framework of PPPM, this work comprehensively explored the role of OSRGs and their mediated cellular senescence and immune processes in the progress of IPF and assessed their capabilities aspredictors of high oxidative stress and disease progression,targets of the vicious loop between regulated pulmonary fibrosis and OS for targeted secondary and tertiary prevention, andreferences for personalized antioxidant and antifibrotic therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-023-00334-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wendusubilige
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Manting Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqing Jing
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaotian Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyang Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), Beijing, China
| | - Renshuang Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuwen Jing
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Drepanos L, Gans IM, Grendler J, Guitar S, Fuqua JH, Maki NJ, Tilden AR, Graber JH, Coffman JA. Loss of Krüppel-like factor 9 deregulates both physiological gene expression and development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12239. [PMID: 37507475 PMCID: PMC10382561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that is a feedforward regulator of multiple stress-responsive and endocrine signaling pathways. We previously described how loss of Klf9 function affects the transcriptome of zebrafish larvae sampled at a single time point 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). However, klf9 expression oscillates diurnally, and the sampled time point corresponded to its expression nadir. To determine if the transcriptomic effects of the klf9-/- mutation vary with time of day, we performed bulk RNA-seq on 5 dpf zebrafish embryos sampled at three timepoints encompassing the predawn peak and midmorning nadir of klf9 expression. We found that while the major effects of the klf9-/- mutation that we reported previously are robust to time of day, the mutation has additional effects that manifest only at the predawn time point. We used a published single-cell atlas of zebrafish development to associate the effects of the klf9-/- mutation with different cell types and found that the mutation increased mRNA associated with digestive organs (liver, pancreas, and intestine) and decreased mRNA associated with differentiating neurons and blood. Measurements from confocally-imaged larvae suggest that overrepresentation of liver mRNA in klf9-/- mutants is due to development of enlarged livers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian M Gans
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James A Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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19
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Xu C, Wang M, Zandieh Doulabi B, Sun Y, Liu Y. Paradox: Curcumin, a Natural Antioxidant, Suppresses Osteosarcoma Cells via Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11975. [PMID: 37569346 PMCID: PMC10418684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive tumor with a rare incidence. Extended surgical resections are the prevalent treatment for OS, which may cause critical-size bone defects. These bone defects lead to dysfunction, weakening the post-surgical quality of patients' life. Hence, an ideal therapeutic agent for OS should simultaneously possess anti-cancer and bone repair capacities. Curcumin (CUR) has been reported in OS therapy and bone regeneration. However, it is not clear how CUR suppresses OS development. Conventionally, CUR is considered a natural antioxidant in line with its capacity to promote the nuclear translocation of a nuclear transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NRF2). After nuclear translocation, NRF2 can activate the transcription of some antioxidases, thereby circumventing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are deleterious to cells. Intriguingly, this research demonstrated that, in vitro, 10 and 20 μM CUR increased the intracellular ROS in MG-63 cells, damaged cells' DNA, and finally caused apoptosis of MG-63 cells, although increased NRF2 protein level and the expression of NRF2-regulated antioxidase genes were identified in those two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.X.); (M.W.); (B.Z.D.); (Y.S.)
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20
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Kalinina EV, Novichkova MD. S-Glutathionylation and S-Nitrosylation as Modulators of Redox-Dependent Processes in Cancer Cell. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:924-943. [PMID: 37751864 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Development of oxidative/nitrosative stress associated with the activation of oncogenic pathways results from the increase in the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in tumor cells, where they can have a dual effect. At high concentrations, ROS/RNS cause cell death and limit tumor growth at certain phases of its development, while their low amounts promote oxidative/nitrosative modifications of key redox-dependent residues in regulatory proteins. The reversibility of such modifications as S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation that proceed through the electrophilic attack of ROS/RNS on nucleophilic Cys residues ensures the redox-dependent switch in the activity of signaling proteins, as well as the ability of these compounds to control cell proliferation and programmed cell death. The content of S-glutathionylated and S-nitrosylated proteins is controlled by the balance between S-glutathionylation/deglutathionylation and S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation, respectively, and depends on the cellular redox status. The extent of S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation of protein targets and their ratio largely determine the status and direction of signaling pathways in cancer cells. The review discusses the features of S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation reactions and systems that control them in cancer cells, as well as their relationship with redox-dependent processes and tumor growth.
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21
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Xiang M, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Wang M, Yao X. A novel nomogram based on cell cycle-related genes for predicting overall survival in early-onset colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:595. [PMID: 37370046 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the incidence of late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) has decreased, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is still rising dramatically. Heterogeneity in the genomic, biological, and clinicopathological characteristics between EOCRC and LOCRC has been revealed. Therefore, the previous prognostic models based on the total CRC patient population might not be suitable for EOCRC patients. Here, we constructed a prognostic classifier to enhance the precision of individualized treatment and management of EOCRC patients. METHODS EOCRC expression data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The regulatory pathways were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The prognostic model was developed by univariate Cox-LASSO-multivariate Cox regression analyses of GEO samples. TCGA samples were used to verify the model. The expression and mutation profiles and immune landscape of the high-risk and low-risk cohorts were analyzed and compared. Finally, the expression and prognostic value of the model genes were verified by immunohistochemistry and qRT‒PCR analysis. RESULTS The cell cycle was identified as the most significantly enriched oncological signature of EOCRC. Then, a 4-gene prognostic signature comprising MCM2, INHBA, CGREF1, and KLF9 was constructed. The risk score was an independent predictor of overall survival. The area under the curve values of the classifier for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival were 0.856, 0.893, and 0.826, respectively, in the training set and 0.749, 0.858, and 0.865, respectively, in the validation set. Impaired DNA damage repair capability (p < 0.05) and frequent PIK3CA mutations (p < 0.05) were found in the high-risk cohort. CD8 T cells (p < 0.05), activated memory CD4 T cells (p < 0.01), and activated dendritic cells (p < 0.05) were clustered in the low-risk group. Finally, we verified the expression of MCM2, INHBA, CGREF1, and KLF9. Their prognostic value was closely related to age. CONCLUSION In this study, a robust prognostic classifier for EOCRC was established and validated. The findings may provide a reference for individualized treatment and medical decision-making for patients with EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Xiang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Foresea Life Insurance Shaoguan Hospital, Shaoguan, 512000, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, 341000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, 341000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Muqing Wang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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22
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. The bridge between cell survival and cell death: reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular stress. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:520-555. [PMID: 37534225 PMCID: PMC10390897 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As a requirement of aerobic metabolism, regulation of redox homeostasis is indispensable for the continuity of living homeostasis and life. Since the stability of the redox state is necessary for the maintenance of the biological functions of the cells, the balance between the pro-oxidants, especially ROS and the antioxidant capacity is kept in balance in the cells through antioxidant defense systems. The pleiotropic transcription factor, Nrf2, is the master regulator of the antioxidant defense system. Disruption of redox homeostasis leads to oxidative and reductive stress, bringing about multiple pathophysiological conditions. Oxidative stress characterized by high ROS levels causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cell death, while reductive stress characterized by low ROS levels disrupt physiological cell functions. The fact that ROS, which were initially attributed as harmful products of aerobic metabolism, at the same time function as signal molecules at non-toxic levels and play a role in the adaptive response called mithormesis points out that ROS have a dose-dependent effect on cell fate determination. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Ong G, Logue SE. Unfolding the Interactions between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050981. [PMID: 37237847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in cellular redox state due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While homeostatic levels of ROS are important for cell physiology and signaling, excess ROS can induce a variety of negative effects ranging from damage to biological macromolecules to cell death. Additionally, oxidative stress can disrupt the function of redox-sensitive organelles including the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the case of the ER, the accumulation of misfolded proteins can arise due to oxidative stress, leading to the onset of ER stress. To combat ER stress, cells initiate a highly conserved stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). While UPR signaling, within the context of resolving ER stress, is well characterised, how UPR mediators respond to and influence oxidative stress is less defined. In this review, we evaluate the interplay between oxidative stress, ER stress and UPR signaling networks. Specifically, we assess how UPR signaling mediators can influence antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Ong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Susan E Logue
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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24
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Puente-Cobacho B, Varela-López A, Quiles JL, Vera-Ramirez L. Involvement of redox signalling in tumour cell dormancy and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:49-85. [PMID: 36701089 PMCID: PMC10014738 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research on oncogene-driven carcinogenesis and gene-expression regulatory networks only started to unveil the complexity of tumour cellular and molecular biology. This knowledge has been successfully implemented in the clinical practice to treat primary tumours. In contrast, much less progress has been made in the development of new therapies against metastasis, which are the main cause of cancer-related deaths. More recently, the role of epigenetic and microenviromental factors has been shown to play a key role in tumour progression. Free radicals are known to communicate the intracellular and extracellular compartments, acting as second messengers and exerting a decisive modulatory effect on tumour cell signalling. Depending on the cellular and molecular context, as well as the intracellular concentration of free radicals and the activation status of the antioxidant system of the cell, the signalling equilibrium can be tilted either towards tumour cell survival and progression or cell death. In this regard, recent advances in tumour cell biology and metastasis indicate that redox signalling is at the base of many cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms that control disseminated tumour cell fate and metastasis. In this manuscript, we will review the current knowledge about redox signalling along the different phases of the metastatic cascade, including tumour cell dormancy, making emphasis on metabolism and the establishment of supportive microenvironmental connections, from a redox perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Puente-Cobacho
- Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Vera-Ramirez
- Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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25
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Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Berni E, Glading AJ, Retta SF. KRIT1: A Traffic Warden at the Busy Crossroads Between Redox Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:496-528. [PMID: 36047808 PMCID: PMC10039281 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis. Its loss-of-function has been unequivocally associated with the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by defective endothelial cell-cell adhesion and ensuing structural alterations and hyperpermeability in brain capillaries. KRIT1 contributes to the maintenance of endothelial barrier function by stabilizing the integrity of adherens junctions and inhibiting the formation of actin stress fibers. Recent Advances: Among the multiple regulatory mechanisms proposed so far, significant evidence accumulated over the past decade has clearly shown that the role of KRIT1 in the stability of endothelial barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, is largely based on its involvement in the complex machinery governing cellular redox homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. KRIT1 loss-of-function has, indeed, been demonstrated to cause an impairment of major redox-sensitive mechanisms involved in spatiotemporal regulation of cell adhesion and signaling, which ultimately leads to decreased cell-cell junction stability and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammation. Critical Issues: This review explores the redox mechanisms that influence endothelial cell adhesion and barrier function, focusing on the role of KRIT1 in such mechanisms. We propose that this supports a novel model wherein redox signaling forms the common link between the various pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches hitherto associated with CCM disease. Future Directions: A comprehensive characterization of the role of KRIT1 in redox control of endothelial barrier physiology and defense against oxy-inflammatory insults will provide valuable insights into the development of precision medicine strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 496-528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Berni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela J. Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Zong Q, Pan Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Ma K. pNaktide mitigates inflammation-induced neuronal damage and behavioral deficits through the oxidative stress pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109727. [PMID: 36689848 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is closely related to the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. pNaktide, an Src inhibitor, exerts antioxidant effects by mimicking Na/K-ATPase. It has been verified that its anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation ability could be embodied in obesity, steatohepatitis, uremic cardiomyopathy, aging, and prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of pNaktide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced behavioral damage, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage. We found that pNaktide improved anxiety, memory, and motor deficits. pNaktide inhibited MAPK and NF-κB pathways induced by TLR4 activation, inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, complement factors, and chemokines. pNaktide inhibited the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 antioxidant stress pathways by LPS and reduced the level of oxidative stress. Inhibition of autophagy and enhancement of apoptosis induced by LPS were also alleviated by pNaktide, which restored LPS-induced injury to newborn neurons in the hippocampus region. In summary, pNaktide attenuates neuroinflammation, reduces the level of oxidative stress, has neuroprotective effects, and may be used for the treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Zong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zhengcun Wu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zhangqiong Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Kaili Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
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Circular RNA_HIPK3-Targeting miR-93-5p Regulates KLF9 Expression Level to Control Acute Kidney Injury. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2023; 2023:1318817. [PMID: 36846202 PMCID: PMC9949962 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1318817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome caused by various reasons that results in the rapid decline of renal function in a short period of time. Severe AKI can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Circular RNA HIPK3 (circHIPK3) derived from the HIPK3 gene is involved in multiple inflammatory processes. The present research was performed to explore the function of circHIPK3 on AKI. The AKI model was established by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in C57BL/6 mice or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in HK-2 cells. The function and mechanism of circHIPK3 on AKI were explored via biochemical index measurement; hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT); flow cytometry; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); western blot; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP); and luciferase reporter assays. circHIPK3 was upregulated in kidney tissues of I/R-induced mice and in H/R-treated HK-2 cells, while the microRNA- (miR-) 93-5p level was decreased in H/R-stimulated HK-2 cells. Furthermore, circHIPK3 silencing or miR-93-5p overexpression could reduce the level of proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress and recover the cell viability in H/R-stimulated HK-2 cells. Meanwhile, the luciferase assay showed that Krüppel-like transcription factor 9 (KLF9) was the downstream target of miR-93-5p. Forced expression of KLF9 blocked the function of miR-93-5p on H/R-treated HK-2 cells. Knockdown of circHIPK3 improved the renal function and reduced the apoptosis level in vivo. In conclusion, circHIPK3 knockdown alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis and inhibited inflammation in AKI via miR-93-5p-mediated downregulation of the KLF9 signal pathway.
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Reciprocal REG γ-Nrf2 Regulation Promotes Long Period ROS Scavenging in Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4743885. [PMID: 36659906 PMCID: PMC9845040 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4743885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decline of adaptive response of antioxidants to oxidative stimuli has been implicated in the aging process. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation is a core event in attenuating oxidative stress-associated aging. The activity is modulated by a more complex regulatory network. In this study, we demonstrate the proteasome activator REGγ function as a new regulator of Nrf2 activity upon oxidative stress in cell aging model induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). REGγ deficiency promotes cell senescence in primary MEF cells after H2O2 treatment. Accordingly, ROS scavenging is accelerated in WT cells but blunted in REGγ lacking cells during 12-hour recovery from a 1-hour H2O2 treatment, indicating long-lasting antioxidant buffering capacity of REGγ. Mechanistically, through GSK-3β inhibition, REGγ enhances the nuclear distribution and transcriptional activity of Nrf2, which is surveyed by induction of phase II enzymes including Ho1 and Nqo1. Meanwhile, Nrf2 mediates the transcriptional activation of REGγ upon H2O2 stimulation. More interestingly, short-term exposure to H2O2 leads to transiently upregulation and gradually descent of REGγ transcription, however sustained higher REGγ protein level even in the absence of H2O2 for 24 hours. Thus, our results establish a positive feedback loop between REGγ and Nrf2 and a new layer of adaptive response after oxidative stimulation that is the REGγ-GSK-3β-Nrf2 pathway.
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Krueger RR, Singh DP. Hydralazine Revives Cellular and Ocular Lens Health-Span by Ameliorating the Aging and Oxidative-Dependent Loss of the Nrf2-Activated Cellular Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:140. [PMID: 36671002 PMCID: PMC9854670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of aging-associated diseases is the inability to evoke cellular defense responses. Transcriptional protein Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor) plays a pivotal role in the oxidative stress response, cellular homeostasis, and health span. Nrf2's activation has been identified as a therapeutic target to restore antioxidant defense in aging. Here, we demonstrated that FDA-approved drug, hydralazine (Hyd), was a reactivator of the Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway in various ages and types of mouse (m) or human (h) lens epithelial cells (LECs) and mice lenses in-vitro/in-vivo. This led to Hyd-driven abatement of carbonyls, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced 4-HNE/MDA-adducts with cytoprotection, and extended lens healthspan by delaying/preventing lens opacity against aging/oxidative stress. We elucidated that Hyd activated the protective signaling by inducing Nrf2 to traverse from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and potentiated the ARE response by direct interaction of Nrf2 and ARE sequences of the promoter. Loss-of-function study and cotreatment of Hyd and antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or Peroxiredoxin (Prdx)6, specified that Nrf2/ARE-driven increase in the promoter activity was Hyd-dependent. Our study provides proof-of concept evidence and, thereby, paves the way to repurposing Hyd as a therapeutic agent to delay/prevent aging and oxidative-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 9200293, Japan
| | - Ronald R. Krueger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Sandouka S, Saadi A, Singh PK, Olowe R, Shekh-Ahmad T. Nrf2 is predominantly expressed in hippocampal neurons in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 36600279 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is a particular problem in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, where seizures originate mainly from the hippocampus. Many of these epilepsies are acquired conditions following an insult to the brain such as a prolonged seizure. Such conditions are characterized by pathophysiological mechanisms including massive oxidative stress that synergistically mediate the secondary brain damage, contributing to the development of epilepsy. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has emerged in recent years as an attractive therapeutic approach targeting to upregulate the antioxidative defenses in the cell, to ameliorate the oxidative stress-induced damage. Thus, it is important to understand the characteristics of Nrf2 activation during epileptogenesis and epilepsy. Here, we studied the temporal, regional, and cell-type specific expression of Nrf2 in the brain, in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. RESULTS Early after status-epilepticus, Nrf2 is mainly activated in the hippocampus and maintained during the whole period of epileptogenesis. Only transient expression of Nrf2 was observed in the cortex. Nevertheless, the expression of several Nrf2 antioxidant target genes was increased within 24 h after status-epilepticus in both the cortex and the hippocampus. We demonstrated that after status-epilepticus in rats, Nrf2 is predominantly expressed in neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, and only astrocytes in the CA1 increase their Nrf2 expression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data identify previously unrecognized spatial and cell-type dependent activation of Nrf2 during epilepsy development, highlighting the need for a time-controlled, and cell-type specific activation of the Nrf2 pathway for mediating anti-oxidant response after brain insult, to modify the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sereen Sandouka
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aseel Saadi
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Prince Kumar Singh
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rhoda Olowe
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Tuli HS, Kaur J, Vashishth K, Sak K, Sharma U, Choudhary R, Behl T, Singh T, Sharma S, Saini AK, Dhama K, Varol M, Sethi G. Molecular mechanisms behind ROS regulation in cancer: A balancing act between augmented tumorigenesis and cell apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:103-120. [PMID: 36443493 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ROS include hydroxyl radicals (HO.), superoxide (O2..), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS are typically produced under physiological conditions and play crucial roles in living organisms. It is known that ROS, which are created spontaneously by cells through aerobic metabolism in mitochondria, can have either a beneficial or detrimental influence on biological systems. Moderate levels of ROS can cause oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and lipids, which can aid in the pathogenesis of many disorders, including cancer. However, excessive concentrations of ROS can initiate programmed cell death in cancer. Presently, a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and herbal agents are being investigated to induce ROS-mediated cell death in cancer. Therefore, preserving ROS homeostasis is essential for ensuring normal cell development and survival. On account of a significant association of ROS levels at various concentrations with carcinogenesis in a number of malignancies, further studies are needed to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms and develop the possibilities for intervening in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Kanupriya Vashishth
- Advance Cardiac Centre Department of Cardiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | | | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.,Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Renuka Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences & Technology (SoHST), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Translanatal Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sheetu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacovigilace and Clinical Research, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, 48000, Turkey
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Siswanto FM, Handayani MDN, Firmasyah RD, Oguro A, Imaoka S. Nrf2 Regulates the Expression of CYP2D6 by Inhibiting the Activity of Krüppel-Like Factor 9 (KLF9). Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:667-681. [PMID: 37916628 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002271342231013095255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study is to gain insight into the biology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer to drive translational advances enabling more effective prevention and/or potential treatments. BACKGROUND The expression of Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is correlated with various diseases such as PD and cancer; therefore, exploring its regulatory mechanism at transcriptional levels is of interest. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been known to be responsible for regulating phase II and phase III drug-metabolizing genes. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to investigate the transcriptional regulation of CYP2D6 by Nrf2 and to analyze its role in PD and cancer. METHODS Nrf2 was transiently expressed in human hepatoma Hep3B cells, and the expression of CYP2D6 was examined by RT-qPCR. The promoter activity of CYP2D6 and the DNA binding of Nrf2 were examined by luciferase and ChIP assay, respectively. We then investigated the expression and correlation of Nrf2 and CYP2D6 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated that Nrf2 down-regulated CYP2D6 mRNA expression in hepatoma Hep3B cells. Mechanistically, Nrf2 binds to the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) in the proximity of krüppel- like factor 9 (KLF9)-binding site within the -550/+51 of CYP2D6 promoter. The inhibition and activation of Nrf2 enhanced and suppressed KLF9 effects on CYP2D6 expression, respectively. The expression levels of Nrf2 and CYP2D6 were upregulated and downregulated in the PD patient GEO datasets compared to the healthy control tissues, and Nrf2 was negatively correlated with CYP2D6. In liver cancer patients, decreased CYP2D6 levels were apparent and associated with a lower probability of survival. CONCLUSION Our work revealed the inhibitory role of Nrf2 in regulating CYP2D6 expression. Moreover, Nrf2- dependent regulation of CYP2D6 can be used as a prognostic factor and therapeutic strategy in PD and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferbian Milas Siswanto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Maria Dara Novi Handayani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rita Dewi Firmasyah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ami Oguro
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
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Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhong X, Xia H, Zhao M, Zhao M, Xu L, Guo X, You CG. Lipoxin A4 attenuates MSU-crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through suppressing Nrf2 thereby increasing TXNRD2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1060441. [PMID: 36569930 PMCID: PMC9772058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1060441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a common inflammatory disease. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals has a critical role in gout, and its prevention is beneficial for patients. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an endogenous lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoid mediator with powerful anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether LXA4 can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by MSU crystals remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of LXA4 on MSU-crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that LXA4 inhibited MSU-crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, interleukin (IL)-1β maturation, and pyroptosis. More specifically, LXA4 suppressed the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including oligomerization and speck formation of ASC, and ASC-NLRP3 interaction. Furthermore, LXA4 suppressed oxidative stress, the upstream events for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as evidenced by the fact that LXA4 eliminated total reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and alleviated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, LXA4 also depressed the Nrf2 activation, a critical molecule in the antioxidant pathway, and then exerted an inhibitory impact on Klf9 expression and promotional impact on TXNRD2 expression, two molecules located downstream of Nrf2 in sequence. Knockdown of TXNRD2 reversed the LXA4-induced depression of ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, LXA4 alleviated joint inflammation and decreased the production of cleaved caspase-1 and matured IL-1β in gouty arthritis rats. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that LXA4 can attenuate MSU-crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, probably through suppressing Nrf2 activation to increase TXNRD2 expression. The present study highlights the potential of LXA4 as an attractive new gout treatment candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China,Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, China,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, China
| | - Xiaowu Zhong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongtao Xia
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, China
| | - Mingcai Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chong-Ge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Chong-Ge You,
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Moore TM, Cheng L, Wolf DM, Ngo J, Segawa M, Zhu X, Strumwasser AR, Cao Y, Clifford BL, Ma A, Scumpia P, Shirihai OS, Vallim TQDA, Laakso M, Lusis AJ, Hevener AL, Zhou Z. Parkin regulates adiposity by coordinating mitophagy with mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6661. [PMID: 36333379 PMCID: PMC9636263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays an essential role in mitochondrial quality control. However, the mechanisms by which Parkin connects mitochondrial homeostasis with cellular metabolism in adipose tissue remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Park2 gene (encodes Parkin) deletion specifically from adipose tissue protects mice against high-fat diet and aging-induced obesity. Despite a mild reduction in mitophagy, mitochondrial DNA content and mitochondrial function are increased in Park2 deficient white adipocytes. Moreover, Park2 gene deletion elevates mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing Pgc1α protein stability through mitochondrial superoxide-activated NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1). Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Nqo1 overexpression elevates Pgc1α protein level and mitochondrial DNA content and enhances mitochondrial activity in mouse and human adipocytes. Taken together, our findings indicate that Parkin regulates mitochondrial homeostasis by balancing mitophagy and Pgc1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in adipocytes to combat obesity and obesity-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Moore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lijing Cheng
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dane M Wolf
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Ngo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mayuko Segawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Alexander R Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bethan L Clifford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alice Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Philip Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Hu S, Feng J, Wang M, Wufuer R, Liu K, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Nrf1 is an indispensable redox-determining factor for mitochondrial homeostasis by integrating multi-hierarchical regulatory networks. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102470. [PMID: 36174386 PMCID: PMC9520269 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To defend against a vast variety of challenges in oxygenated environments, all life forms have evolutionally established a set of antioxidants, detoxification, and cytoprotective systems during natural selection and adaptive survival, to maintain cell redox homeostasis and organ integrity in the healthy development and growth. Such antioxidant defense systems are predominantly regulated by two key transcription factors Nrf1 and Nrf2, but the underlying mechanism(s) for their coordinated redox control remains elusive. Here, we found that loss of full-length Nrf1 led to a dramatic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damages in Nrf1α-∕- cells, and this increase was not eliminated by drastic elevation of Nrf2, even though the antioxidant systems were also substantially enhanced by hyperactive Nrf2. Further studies revealed that the increased ROS production in Nrf1α-∕- resulted from a striking impairment in the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain and its gene expression regulated by nuclear respiratory factors, called αPalNRF1 and GABPNRF2. In addition to the antioxidant capacity of cells, glycolysis was greatly augmented by aberrantly-elevated Nrf2, so to partially relieve the cellular energy demands, but aggravate its mitochondrial stress. The generation of ROS was also differentially regulated by Nrf1 and Nrf2 through miR-195 and/or mIR-497-mediated UCP2 pathway. Consequently, the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of Nrf1α-∕- cells was activated by putative ROS-stimulated signaling via MAPK, HIF1α, NF-ƙB, PI3K and AKT, all players involved in cancer development and progression. Taken together, it is inferable that Nrf1 acts as a potent integrator of redox regulation by multi-hierarchical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Reziyamu Wufuer
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Keli Liu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Krejbich P, Birringer M. The Self-Administered Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Supplements and Antioxidants in Cancer Therapy and the Critical Role of Nrf-2-A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2149. [PMID: 36358521 PMCID: PMC9686580 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) supplements are widely used by cancer patients. Dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals, herbal remedies, and antioxidants are especially popular. In a systematic literature review, 37 studies, each including more than 1000 participants, on CAM, dietary supplement, and vitamin use among cancer patients were identified. Accordingly, cancer patients use antioxidants such as vitamin C (from 2.6% (United Kingdom) to 41.6% (United States)) and vitamin E (from 2.9% (China) to 48% (United States)). Dietary supplements and vitamins are taken for different reasons, but often during conventional cancer treatment involving chemotherapy or radiotherapy and in a self-decided manner without seeking medical advice from healthcare professionals. Drug-drug interactions with dietary supplements or vitamins involving multiple signaling pathways are well described. Since most of the anticancer drugs generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), an adaptive stress response of healthy and malignant cells, mainly driven by the Nrf-2-Keap I network, can be observed. On the one hand, healthy cells should be protected from ROS-overproducing chemotherapy and radiotherapy; on the other hand, ROS production in cancer cells is a "desirable side effect" during anticancer drug treatment. We here describe the paradoxical use of antioxidants and supplements during cancer therapy, possible interactions with anticancer drugs, and the involvement of the Nrf-2 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Krejbich
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany
- Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Ernährung, Lebensmittel und Nachhaltige Versorgungssysteme (ELVe), Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany
- Public Health Zentrum Fulda, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany
- Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Ernährung, Lebensmittel und Nachhaltige Versorgungssysteme (ELVe), Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany
- Public Health Zentrum Fulda, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany
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Li F, Peng J, Feng H, Yang Y, Gao J, Liu C, Xu J, Zhao Y, Pan S, Wang Y, Xu L, Qian W, Zong J. KLF9 Aggravates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting PPARγ/NRF2 Signalling. Cells 2022; 11:3393. [PMID: 36359788 PMCID: PMC9656075 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) is a transcription factor that regulates multiple disease processes. Studies have focused on the role of KLF9 in the redox system. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of KLF9 on diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac-specific overexpression or silencing of KLF9 in C57BL/6 J mice was induced with an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) delivery system. Mice were also subjected to streptozotocin injection to establish a diabetic cardiomyopathy model. In addition, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to assess the possible role of KLF9 in vitro by incubation with KLF9 adenovirus or small interfering RNA against KLF9. To clarify the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ), mice were subjected to GW9662 injection to inhibit PPARγ. KLF9 was upregulated in the hearts of mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy and in cardiomyocytes. In addition, KLF9 overexpression in the heart deteriorated cardiac function and aggravated hypertrophic fibrosis, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Conversely, cardiac-specific silencing of KLF9 ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and alleviated hypertrophy, fibrosis, the cardiac inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In vitro, KLF9 silencing in cardiomyocytes enhanced inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative stress; KLF9 overexpression increased these detrimental responses. Moreover, KLF9 was found to regulate the transcription of PPARγ, which suppressed the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear Factor E2-related Factor 2 (NRF2). In mice injected with a PPARγ inhibitor, the protective effects of KLF9 knockdown on diabetic cardiomyopathy were counteracted by GW9662 injection. CONCLUSIONS KLF9 aggravates cardiac dysfunction, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. KLF9 may become a therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jingfeng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Chunrui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Siyu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Luhong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Wenhao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jing Zong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
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Huang D, Tao L, Du X. KLF9 positively regulates TRIM33 to inhibit abnormal synovial fibroblast proliferation, migration as well as inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e696. [PMID: 36301038 PMCID: PMC9601774 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can cause irreversible joint injury and serious disability. This study aimed to investigate how TRIM33 regulated by KLF9 affects the aggressive behaviors of synovial fibroblasts induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). MATERIALS AND METHODS TNF-α-induced MH7A cells were used to simulate the in vitro model of RA. TRIM33 and KLF9 expression in TNF-α-challenged MH7A cells and transfection efficiency were analyzed via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction together with western blot. The viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration of TNF-α-induced MH7A cells after transfection was respectively detected by CCK-8, EdU staining, transwell, and wound-healing assays. The expression of invasion and migration-related proteins and inflammation-related proteins was determined by western blot and the levels of inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The combination between TRIM33 and KLF9 was substantiated through dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS TRIM33 and KLF9 expression in TNF-α-challenged MH7A cells was downregulated. TRIM33 elevation inhibited TNF-α-elicited proliferation, metastasis as well as inflammation of MH7A cells. Moreover, KLF9 was combined with TRIM33 and KLF9 promoted transcription of TRIM33. The inhibitory effect of TRIM33 overexpression on proliferation, invasion and migration and inflammation of MH7A cells induced by TNF-α was alleviated by the downregulation of KLF9. CONCLUSION KLF9 positively regulates TRIM33 to suppress the abnormal MH7A cell proliferation, migration, and reduce inflammation upon exposure to TNF-α, which was reversed by inhibiting KLF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for NationalitiesBaiseGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina
| | - Liju Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for NationalitiesBaiseGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina
| | - Xiuri Du
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for NationalitiesBaiseGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina
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Liu X, Geng Y, Liang J, Coelho AL, Yao C, Deng N, Wang Y, Dai K, Huang G, Xie T, Liu N, Rowan SC, Taghavifar F, Kulur V, Liu Z, Stripp BR, Hogaboam CM, Jiang D, Noble PW. HER2 drives lung fibrosis by activating a metastatic cancer signature in invasive lung fibroblasts. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220126. [PMID: 35980387 PMCID: PMC9391950 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive tissue fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is characterized by excessive recruitment of fibroblasts to sites of tissue injury and unremitting extracellular matrix deposition associated with severe morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms that control progressive IPF have yet to be fully determined. Previous studies suggested that invasive fibroblasts drive disease progression in IPF. Here, we report profiling of invasive and noninvasive fibroblasts from IPF patients and healthy donors. Pathway analysis revealed that the activated signatures of the invasive fibroblasts, the top of which was ERBB2 (HER2), showed great similarities to those of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells. Activation of HER2 in normal lung fibroblasts led to a more invasive genetic program and worsened fibroblast invasion and lung fibrosis, while antagonizing HER2 signaling blunted fibroblast invasion and ameliorated lung fibrosis. These findings suggest that HER2 signaling may be a key driver of fibroblast invasion and serve as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ana Lucia Coelho
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nan Deng
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristy Dai
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ningshan Liu
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Simon C. Rowan
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Forough Taghavifar
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cory M. Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul W. Noble
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh DP. Obligatory Role of AMPK Activation and Antioxidant Defense Pathway in the Regulatory Effects of Metformin on Cellular Protection and Prevention of Lens Opacity. Cells 2022; 11:3021. [PMID: 36230981 PMCID: PMC9563310 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing levels of oxidative-stress due to deterioration of the Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor)/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway is found to be a primary cause of aging pathobiology. Metformin having anti-aging effects can delay/halt aging-related diseases. Herein, using lens epithelial cell lines (LECs) of human (h) or mouse (m) and aging h/m primary LECs along with lenses as model systems, we demonstrated that Metformin could correct deteriorated Bmal1/Nrf2/ARE pathway by reviving AMPK-activation, and transcriptional activities of Bmal1/Nrf2, resulting in increased antioxidants enzymatic activity and expression of Phase II enzymes. This ensued reactive oxygen species (ROS) mitigation with cytoprotection and prevention of lens opacity in response to aging/oxidative stress. It was intriguing to observe that Metformin internalized lens/LECs and upregulated OCTs (Organic Cation Transporters). Mechanistically, we found that Metformin evoked AMPK activation-dependent increase of Bmal1, Nrf2, and antioxidants transcription by promoting direct E-Box and ARE binding of Bmal1 and Nrf2 to the promoters. Loss-of-function and disruption of E-Box/ARE identified that Metformin acted by increasing Bmal1/Nrf2-mediated antioxidant expression. Data showed that AMPK-activation was a requisite for Bmal1/Nrf2-antioxidants-mediated defense, as pharmacologically inactivating AMPK impeded the Metformin's effect. Collectively, the results for the first-time shed light on the hitherto incompletely uncovered crosstalk between the AMPK and Bmal1/Nrf2/antioxidants mediated by Metformin for blunting oxidative/aging-linked pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Kang Y, Liu Z, Li W, Li X, Zhang X, Xu Z, Gao Y, Qi Y. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of edible flower from Chimonanthus praecox. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004520. [PMID: 36238556 PMCID: PMC9552299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimonanthi Praecocis Flos, namely wintersweet flower, is the edible flower or flower bud of Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link which is a deciduous shrub plant originated from China and is widely cultivated as a garden or ornamental plant all over the world. However, few studies focused on its anti-inflammatory property. In the present study, we explored the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of ethanol extract of Chimonanthi Praecocis Flos (CPE) which contained 7.980% ± 0.176% total flavonoids and 1.461% ± 0.041% total alkaloids. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, CPE significantly decreased the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through reducing the expressions of their synthases—inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It also suppressed the transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Further research revealed that CPE impeded the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, thus restraining the nuclear translocation of p65, and consequently dampening NF-κB signaling. In endotoxemia mice, several pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum were also decreased after CPE treatment. Besides anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidative activity is another important capacity of wintersweet flower. Indeed, CPE reduced LPS-elevated intracellular total reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by weakening NADPH oxidase activity in cell system. Moreover, it directly scavenged DPPH radical and superoxide anion, and exerted ferric reducing ability in cell-free system. Our findings demonstrate that wintersweet flower can be used as a beneficial natural product or an additive by virtue of its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Gao
- *Correspondence: Yuan Gao, ; Yun Qi,
| | - Yun Qi
- *Correspondence: Yuan Gao, ; Yun Qi,
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42
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Dihydroquercetin composite nanofibrous membrane prevents UVA radiation-mediated inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress by modulating MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113727. [PMID: 36156260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a key cause of skin inflammation and photodamage in the environment. Dihydroquercetin composite nanofiber membrane (CPD) is a nano-scale membrane cloth prepared by electrospinning technology. The results in this study showed that CPD could enhance the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px induced by UVA radiation, and reduce the overexpression of ROS. MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling is associated with inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Compared with control HaCaT cells, we found that CPD pretreatment prevents MAPK (p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-P38)/Nrf2-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress signaling during UVA exposure pathway overexpression. Immunofluorescence experiments also showed that CPD could reduce the fluorescence intensity of Caspase-3 and TNF-α. These results suggest that CPD may be a successful healing agent that provides reinforcement against UVA-induced oxidative and irritating skin compensation.
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Novel epigenetic therapeutic strategies and targets in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166552. [PMID: 36126898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of dysregulated epigenetic pathways in cancer genesis, development, and therapy has typically been established as a result of scientific and technical innovations in next generation sequencing. RNA interference, histone modification, DNA methylation and chromatin remodelling are epigenetic processes that control gene expression without causing mutations in the DNA. Although epigenetic abnormalities are thought to be a symptom of cell tumorigenesis and malignant events that impact tumor growth and drug resistance, physicians believe that related processes might be a key therapeutic target for cancer treatment and prevention due to the reversible nature of these processes. A plethora of novel strategies for addressing epigenetics in cancer therapy for immuno-oncological complications are currently available - ranging from basic treatment to epigenetic editing. - and they will be the subject of this comprehensive review. In this review, we cover most of the advancements made in the field of targeting epigenetics with special emphasis on microbiology, plasma science, biophysics, pharmacology, molecular biology, phytochemistry, and nanoscience.
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Li X, Li D, Zhang G, Zeng Y, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Chang YZ, Li Y. Biocorona modulates the inflammatory response induced by gold nanoparticles in human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 2022; 369:34-42. [PMID: 36057382 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The functional activities of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on biological systems depend on their physical-chemical properties and their surface functionalizations. Within a biological environment and depending on their surface characteristics, NPs can adsorb biomolecules (mostly proteins) present in the microenvironment, thereby forming a dynamic biomolecular corona on the surface. The presence of this biocorona changes the physical-chemical and functional properties of the NPs and how it interacts with cells. Here, we show that primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) exposed in culture to branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI)-AuNPs, but not to lipoic acid (LA)-AuNPs, show potent particle uptake, decreased viability and enhanced production of inflammatory factors, while the presence of a human plasma-derived biocorona decreased NPs uptake and rescued cells from BPEI-AuNP-induced cell death. The mechanistic study revealed that the intracellular oxidative level greatly increased after the BPEI-AuNPs treatment, and the transcriptomic analysis showed that the dominant modulated pathways were related to oxidative stress and an antioxidant response. The stress level measured by flow cytometry also showed a significant decrease in the presence of a biocorona. Further anaylsis discovered that nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf2), a major regulator of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory gene, as the key factor related to the AuNPs induced oxidative stress and inflammation. This study provides futher understanding into the mechanisms on how NPs-induced cellular stress and reveals the protective effects of a biocorona on inflammatory responses in HEK at the molecular level, which provides important insights into the biological responses of AuNPs and their biocorona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, China; Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongjie Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, China; Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yanqiao Zeng
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 USA
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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Ferrer JLM, Garcia RL. Antioxidant Systems, lncRNAs, and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cell Death Rescue from Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Cells 2022; 11:2277. [PMID: 35892574 PMCID: PMC9330437 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a rich source of carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules including DNA. Repair systems can restore DNA integrity. Depending on the duration or intensity of stress signals, cells may utilize various survival and adaptive mechanisms. ROS levels are kept in check through redundant detoxification processes controlled largely by antioxidant systems. This review covers and expands on the mechanisms available to cigarette smoke-exposed cancer cells for restoring the redox balance. These include multiple layers of transcriptional control, each of which is posited to be activated upon reaching a particular stress threshold, among them the NRF2 pathway, the AP-1 and NF-kB pathways, and, finally, TP53, which triggers apoptosis if extreme toxicity is reached. The review also discusses long noncoding RNAs, which have been implicated recently in regulating oxidative stress-with roles in ROS detoxification, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Lastly, the emerging roles of tunneling nanotubes in providing additional mechanisms for metabolic rescue and the regulation of redox imbalance are considered, further highlighting the expanded redox reset arsenal available to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reynaldo L. Garcia
- Disease Molecular Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines;
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AF8c, a Multi-Kinase Inhibitor Induces Apoptosis by Activating DR5/Nrf2 via ROS in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133043. [PMID: 35804815 PMCID: PMC9264837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary AF8c, a lapatinib hybrid quinazoline-based EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, was chosen to scrutinize its antiproliferative activity in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We found that AF8cinduced apoptosis in CRC cells via diverse mechanisms. In addition to inhibiting the phosphorylation of the ErbB family, AF8c increased the mRNA and protein levels of death receptor 5 (DR5) in vitro and in vivo. In addition, AF8c upregulated several ER stress proteins and the redox-sensitive nuclear respiratory factor 2 alpha subunit (Nrf2) in a p53-dependent manner. We also found that the AF8c-induced increase in the levels of Nrf2, DR5, and apoptosis was diminished by p53 downregulation or knockdown. Furthermore, AF8c showed higher antiproliferative activity than lapatinib in the CRC mouse model in vivo. Therefore, our results suggest AF8c as a highly effective polypharmacological small molecule with an encouraging safety profile, both in vitro and in vivo, for further evaluation as a treatment of CRC. Abstract Our team has previously reported a series of quinazoline-based lapatinib hybrids as potent kinase-targeting anticancer agents. Among them, AF8c showed a relatively safe profile in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In this study, we delineate a novel anticancer activity of AF8c in CRC cells. AF8c mediated p53-dependent apoptosis of CRC cells via the generation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as activation of nuclear respiratory factor 2 alpha subunit (Nrf2) and death receptor 5 (DR5), among others. The silencing of DR5 attenuated the expression levels of Nrf2 and partially inhibited AF8c-induced apoptosis. Additionally, upregulation of Nrf2 by AF8c evoked apoptosis through a decrease in antioxidant levels. Treatment of a CRC mice model with AF8c also resulted in the upregulation of DR5, Nrf2, and CHOP proteins, subsequently leading to a significant decrease in tumor burden. In comparison with lapatinib, AF8c showed higher cellular antiproliferative activity at the tested concentrations in CRC cells and synergized TRAIL effects in CRC cells. Overall, our results suggest that AF8c-induced apoptosis may be associated with DR5/Nrf2 activation through ER stress and ROS generation in CRC cells. These findings indicate that AF8c represents a promising polypharmacological molecule for the treatment of human CRC.
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Wang GY, Garcia V, Lee J, Yanum J, Lin J, Jiang H, Dai G. Nrf2 deficiency causes hepatocyte dedifferentiation and reduced albumin production in an experimental extrahepatic cholestasis model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269383. [PMID: 35696363 PMCID: PMC9191739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 modulates the initiation and progression of a number of diseases including liver disorders. We evaluated whether Nrf2 mediates hepatic adaptive responses to cholestasis. Wild-type and Nrf2-null mice were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) or a sham operation. As cholestasis progressed to day 15 post-BDL, hepatocytes in the wild-type mice exhibited a tendency to dedifferentiate, indicated by the very weak expression of hepatic progenitor markers: CD133 and tumor necrosis factor-like weak induced apoptosis receptor (Fn14). During the same period, Nrf2 deficiency augmented this tendency, manifested by higher CD133 expression, earlier, stronger, and continuous induction of Fn14 expression, and markedly reduced albumin production. Remarkably, as cholestasis advanced to the late stage (40 days after BDL), hepatocytes in the wild-type mice exhibited a Fn14+ phenotype and strikingly upregulated the expression of deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1), a protein essential for epithelial differentiation during development. In contrast, at this stage, hepatocytes in the Nrf2-null mice entirely inhibited the upregulation of DMBT1 expression, displayed a strong CD133+/Fn14+ phenotype indicative of severe dedifferentiation, and persistently reduced albumin production. We revealed that Nrf2 maintains hepatocytes in the differentiated state potentially via the increased activity of the Nrf2/DMBT1 pathway during cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Veronica Garcia
- Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Joonyong Lee
- Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Yanum
- Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Jingmei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Huaizhou Jiang
- Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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Hao W, Li M, Cai Q, Wu S, Li X, He Q, Hu Y. Roles of NRF2 in Fibrotic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:889792. [PMID: 35721561 PMCID: PMC9203969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.889792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a persistent inflammatory response that causes scarring and tissue sclerosis by stimulating myofibroblasts to create significant quantities of extracellular matrix protein deposits in the tissue. Oxidative stress has also been linked to the development of fibrosis in several studies. The nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor controls the expression of several detoxification and antioxidant genes. By binding to antioxidant response elements, NRF2 is activated by oxidative or electrophilic stress and promotes its target genes, resulting in a protective effect on cells. NRF2 is essential for cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. This review describes Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/NRF2 signaling mechanisms and presents recent research advances regarding NRF2 and its involvement in primary fibrotic lesions such as pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, and renal fibrosis. The related antioxidant substances and drugs are described, along with the mechanisms by which KEAP1/NRF2 regulation positively affects the therapeutic response. Finally, the therapeutic prospects and potential value of NRF2 in fibrosis are summarized. Further studies on NRF2 may provide novel therapeutic approaches for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Hao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingmin Cai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiying Wu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyao Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanyu He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongbin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yongbin Hu,
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Lin D, Li Y, Huang K, Chen Y, Jing X, Liang Y, Bu L, Peng S, Zeng S, Asakawa T, Tao E. Exploration of the α-syn/T199678/miR-519-3p/KLF9 pathway in a PD-related α-syn pathology. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:50-61. [PMID: 35654261 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) plays a key role as an inducer of cellular oxidative stress in the modulation of cell death and in oxidant-dependent tissue injury. Our previous study indicated that lncRNA-T199678 (T199678) affected the expression of KLF9 in an α-synuclein (α-syn) induced cellular model. However, the roles of interactions among α-syn, T199678, KLF9 and related microRNAs (miRNAs) in the Parkinson's disease (PD)-related α-syn pathology are unclear and were therefore investigated in this study. METHODS An α-syn-injected mouse model and an α-syn exposed SY-SH5Y cellular model were used in this study. We confirmed the utility of these established models with morphological and behavioral methods. We checked how expression of T199678 and KLF9 were affected by α-syn and demonstrated their interaction by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) staining and western blots. We analyzed expression in ROS+ cells by immunohistochemistry. Finally, we obtained seven miRNAs through bioinformatic analysis simultaneously affected by T199678 and α-syn and verified these with RT-PCR. RESULTS We found that expression of KLF9 was regulated by T199678, whereas expression of T199678 was not affected by KLF9 in the α-syn exposed SY-SH5Y cells. These findings suggest that KLF9 is the downstream gene regulated by T199678, whereas miR-519-3p may play a contributing role. We also confirmed that α-syn injection upregulated the expression of ROS, which could be downregulated by upregulation of T199678, indicating an anti-oxidative role of T199678 in the α-syn-related mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the existence of a potential α-syn/T199678/miR-519-3p /KLF9 pathway in PD-related α-syn pathology. This pathway might explain oxidative stress processes in α-syn-related mechanisms, which requires further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaixun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiuna Jing
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yanran Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lulu Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sudan Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shaowei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China; Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; Institute of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518112, China.
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China; Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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50
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Yang S, Park SH, Oh SW, Kwon K, Yu E, Lee CW, Son YK, Kim C, Lee BH, Cho JY, Kim YJ, Lee J. Antioxidant Activities and Mechanisms of Tomentosin in Human Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050990. [PMID: 35624854 PMCID: PMC9137523 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomentosin, one of natural sesquiterpene lactones sourced from Inula viscosa L., exerts therapeutic effects in various cell types. Here, we investigated the antioxidant activities and the underlying action mechanisms of tomentosin in HaCaT cells (a human keratinocyte cell line). Specifically, we examined the involvement of tomentosin in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways. Treatment with tomentosin for up to 60 min triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas treatment for 4 h or longer decreased ROS production. Tomentosin treatment also induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes. These data indicate that tomentosin induces ROS production at an early stage which activates the Nrf2 pathway by disrupting the Nrf2–Keap1 complex. However, at a later stage, ROS levels were reduced by tomentosin-induced upregulation of antioxidant genes. In addition, tomentosin induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) attenuated the tomentosin-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2, suggesting that JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways can contribute to the tomentosin-induced Nrf2 activation through phosphorylation of Nrf2. Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment blocked both tomentosin-induced production of ROS and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. These data suggest that tomentosin-induced Nrf2 signaling is mediated both by tomentosin-induced ROS production and the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Moreover, tomentosin inhibited the AhR signaling pathway, as evidenced by the suppression of xenobiotic-response element (XRE) reporter activity and the translocation of AhR into nucleus induced by urban pollutants, especially benzo[a]pyrene. These findings suggest that tomentosin can ameliorate skin damage induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Yang
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City 30016, Korea;
| | - Sae Woong Oh
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - Eunbi Yu
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - Chae Won Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (C.W.L.); (Y.K.S.); (C.K.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (C.W.L.); (Y.K.S.); (C.K.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Changmu Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (C.W.L.); (Y.K.S.); (C.K.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (C.W.L.); (Y.K.S.); (C.K.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
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