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Madireddi SK, Yadav RM, Zamal MY, Bag P, Gunasekaran JX, Subramanyam R. Exploring LHCSR3 expression and its role in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under osmotic stress: Implications for non-photochemical quenching mechanism. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112941. [PMID: 38763078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Plants have a protective mechanism called non-photochemical quenching to prevent damage caused by excessive sunlight. A critical component of this mechanism is energy-dependent quenching (qE). In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the protein expression called light-harvesting complex stress-related protein 3 (LHCSR3) is crucial for the qE mechanism. LHCSR3 expression is observed in various conditions that result in photooxidation, such as exposure to high light or nutrient deprivation, where the amount of captured light surpasses the maximum photosynthetic capacity. Although the role of LHCSR3 has been extensively studied under high light (HL) conditions, its function during nutrient starvation remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that LHCSR3 expression can occur under light intensities below saturation without triggering qE, particularly when nutrients are limited. To investigate this, we cultivated C. reinhardtii cells under osmotic stress, which replicates conditions of nutrient scarcity. Furthermore, we examined the photosynthetic membrane complexes of wild-type (WT) and npq4 mutant strains grown under osmotic stress. Our analysis revealed that LHCSR3 expression might modify the interaction between the photosystem II core and its peripheral light-harvesting complex II antennae. This alteration could potentially impede the transfer of excitation energy from the antenna to the reaction center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Madireddi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ranay Mohan Yadav
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Zamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jerome Xavier Gunasekaran
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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2
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Zhao YW, Li WK, Wang CK, Sun Q, Wang WY, Huang XY, Xiang Y, Hu DG. MdPRX34L, a class III peroxidase gene, activates the immune response in apple to the fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea. PLANTA 2024; 259:86. [PMID: 38453695 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION MdPRX34L enhanced resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by increasing salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) content as well as the expression of related defense genes. The class III peroxidase (PRX) multigene family is involved in complex biological processes. However, the molecular mechanism of PRXs in the pathogen defense of plants against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea) remains unclear. Here, we cloned the PRX gene MdPRX34L, which was identified as a positive regulator of the defense response to B. dothidea, from the apple cultivar 'Royal Gala.' Overexpression of MdPRX34L in apple calli decreased sensitivity to salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid(ABA). Subsequently, overexpression of MdPRX34L in apple calli increased resistance to B. dothidea infection. In addition, SA contents and the expression levels of genes related to SA synthesis and signaling in apple calli overexpressing MdPRX34L were higher than those in the control after inoculation, suggesting that MdPRX34L enhances resistance to B. dothidea via the SA pathway. Interestingly, infections in apple calli by B. dothidea caused an increase in endogenous levels of ABA followed by induction of ABA-related genes expression. These findings suggest a potential mechanism by which MdPRX34L enhances plant-pathogen defense against B. dothidea by regulating the SA and ABA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhao
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wan-Kun Li
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Quan Sun
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The wide world of non-mammalian phospholipase D enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101000. [PMID: 38081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce free choline and the critically important lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Since the initial discovery of PLD activities in plants and bacteria, PLDs have been identified in a diverse range of organisms spanning the taxa. While widespread interest in these proteins grew following the discovery of mammalian isoforms, research into the PLDs of non-mammalian organisms has revealed a fascinating array of functions ranging from roles in microbial pathogenesis, to the stress responses of plants and the developmental patterning of flies. Furthermore, studies in non-mammalian model systems have aided our understanding of the entire PLD superfamily, with translational relevance to human biology and health. Increasingly, the promise for utilization of non-mammalian PLDs in biotechnology is also being recognized, with widespread potential applications ranging from roles in lipid synthesis, to their exploitation for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109, USA
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Chathalingath N, Gunasekar A. Elucidating the physiological and molecular characteristics of bacterial blight incitant Xanthomonas auxonopodis pv. punicae; a life threatening phytopathogen of pomegranate (Punica granatum. L) and assessment of H 2O 2 accumulation during host-pathogen interaction. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106277. [PMID: 37517744 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas auxonopodis pv.punicae (Xap) threaten the existence of a group of farmers for the past few decades who rely on pomegranate cultivation for their livelihood since it will cause huge yield loss. The primary focus of this study was to conduct a thorough analysis of the characterization of this blight incitant Xap. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of six phytopathogenic strains of Xap, designated as PBF1 (PBF: Pomegranate Blight Fruit), PBF2, PBF3, PBF4, PBF5, and PBF6, isolated from the infected fruits were examined. Bacterial colonies were featured as gram-negative, yellow-pigmented circular with a glistening appearance. An attempt to determine the best culture medium, favouring bacterial proliferation was successfully done with four distinct medium, Nutrient Glucose Agar (NGA), Nutrient sucrose Agar (NSA), Yeast Dextrose Calcium Carbonate Agar (YDCA) and Yeast Glucose Calcium Carbonate Agar (YGCA) and comparatively, significant growth was found in NGA (66.66%) followed by YDCA (33%). According to the antibiotic susceptibility results, both ampicillin and streptomycin were determined as potentially effective drugs in preventing the proliferation of Xap (P 0.05). The reactive oxygen species-mediated plant immune response during host-pathogen interaction was confirmed by accessing the presence of H2O2 accumulation in infected leaves via 3,3 - diaminobenzidine (DAB) -staining technique. Bacterial isolates from this study were confirmed by two universal constitutive genes such as gyrB and 16S rRNA. From the BLAST analysis, the isolates were identified as Xap with base pair lengths of 1408bp, 1180bp, and 1159bp, which correspond to PBF1, PBF2, and PBF3, respectively. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree study explaining a strong phylogenetic relationship between the query sequence and closely related bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Chathalingath
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbarasi Gunasekar
- PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Department of Biotechnology, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Raihan MRH, Rahman M, Rastogi A, Fujita M, Hasanuzzaman M. Exogenous Allantoin Confers Rapeseed ( Brassica campestris) Tolerance to Simulated Drought by Improving Antioxidant Metabolism and Physiology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1508. [PMID: 37627503 PMCID: PMC10451791 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allantoin is an emerging plant metabolite, but its role in conferring drought-induced oxidative stress is still elusive. Therefore, an experiment was devised to explore the role of allantoin (0.5 and 1.0 mM; foliar spray) in rapeseed (Brassica campestris cv. BARI Sarisha-17) under drought. Seedlings at fifteen days of age were subjected to drought, maintaining soil moisture levels at 50% and 25% field capacities, while well-irrigated plants served as the control group. Drought-stressed plants exhibited increased levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and impaired glyoxalase systems. Thus, the growth, biomass, and yield attributes of rapeseed were significantly impaired under drought. However, the allantoin-supplemented plants showed a notable increase in their contents of ascorbate and glutathione and decreased dehydroascorbate and glutathione disulfide contents under drought. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were accelerated with the allantoin spray and the glyoxalase system was also enhanced under drought. Moreover, the improvement in water balance with reduction in proline and potassium ion contents was also observed when allantoin was applied to the plants. Overall, the beneficial effects of allantoin supplementation resulted in the improved plant growth, biomass, and yield of rapeseed under drought conditions. These findings suggest that allantoin acts as an efficient metabolite in mitigating the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms and the glyoxalase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mira Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, Miki-cho 761-0795, Japan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Manikanta P, Reddy KRV, Selvaraj M, Vidyasagar CC, Nagaraja BM. Novel decorated aluminium(iii) phthalocyanine complex with the application of MWCNTs on electrodes: electrochemical non-enzymatic oxidation and reduction of glucose and hydrogen peroxide. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20723-20736. [PMID: 37441052 PMCID: PMC10334413 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02617e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed the physicochemical and electrochemical characterization of a decorated macrocyclic aluminium(iii) phthalocyanine complex (AlTMQNCAPc). Subsequently, the AlTMQNCAPc@MWCNT/GC electrode was used for the electrochemical detection of glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chronoamperometry (CA). Moreover, the limit of detection, linear range, and sensitivity for glucose and H2O2 were investigated (CV: 2.5 nM L-1 and 25 nM L-1, 50-500 μM, 0.052 and 0.072 μA μmol cm-2; DPV: 3.1 nM L-1 and 18 nM L-1, 50-500 μM, 0.062 and 0.066 μA μmol cm-2 and CA: 10 nM L-1 and 20 nM L-1, 50-500 μM, 0.098 and 0.07 μA μmol cm-2, respectively). In addition, the AlTMQNCAPc@MWCNT/GC electrode showed good selectivity for the detection of glucose and H2O2 in the presence of common interfering substances, such as AA, DA, UA, glycine, l-cysteine, nitrite, Pb(ii), Cd(ii), Cu(ii), Co(ii), Hg(ii), Zn(ii), and glucose. For the detection of glucose and H2O2, the kinetic parameters, including the electron transfer coefficient and catalytic reaction rate constant, were also established. Finally, for usage in practical applications, the modified electrode was employed to achieve the quantitative detection of glucose and H2O2 in human urine and commercial samples of 3% H2O2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manikanta
- Centre for Nano and Material Science (CNMS), Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura Bangalore Karnataka 562112 India
| | - K R Venugopala Reddy
- Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University Ballari - 583105 Karnataka India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University PO Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University PO Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - C C Vidyasagar
- Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Rani Channamma University Belagavi - 591156 Karnataka India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Science (CNMS), Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura Bangalore Karnataka 562112 India
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7
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Setoguchi Y, Nakagawa S, Ohmura R, Toshima S, Park H, Narasako Y, Hirano T, Otani M, Kunitake H. Effect of Growth Stages on Anthocyanins and Polyphenols in the Root System of Sweet Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091907. [PMID: 37176965 PMCID: PMC10180653 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The storage roots of purple-fleshed sweet potato contain a variety of anthocyanins and polyphenols. Little is known about changes in the total content and composition of anthocyanins and polyphenols in the early growth stages of the root system. In this study, we investigated the changes in anthocyanins and polyphenols in the root system of purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivars at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after transplant (DAT). Unexpectedly, the highest percentage of acylated anthocyanins in three purple-fleshed cultivars among all growth stages was at 15 DAT. On the other hand, the total polyphenol content in the early growth stages of the root system increased rapidly toward 45 DAT, just before the beginning of storage root enlargement, and then decreased rapidly as the storage roots began to enlarge. These data indicate that the early growth stage of the root system is a critical time. This timing may present a strategy to maximize the accumulation of polyphenols with high antioxidant activity, as well as acylated anthocyanins, to protect against abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Soya Nakagawa
- Division of Symbiotic System, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohmura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Saki Toshima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hyungjun Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | | | - Tomonari Hirano
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Otani
- Research Institute of Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi 921-8836, Japan
| | - Hisato Kunitake
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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8
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Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Barker J, Liu G, Li Y, Mokhberdoran F. Sodium Nitroprusside Improves Bamboo Resistance under Mn and Cr Toxicity with Stimulation of Antioxidants Activity, Relative Water Content, and Metal Translocation and Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031942. [PMID: 36768266 PMCID: PMC9916771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as a single minuscule signaling molecule, has been employed to alleviate plant stress in recent years. This approach has a beneficial effect on the biological and physiological processes of plants. As a result, an in vitro tissue culture experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of high and low levels of SNP on the amelioration of manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) toxicity in a one-year-old bamboo plant, namely Pleioblastus pygmaea L. Five different concentrations of SNP were utilized as a nitric oxide (NO) donor (0, 50, 80, 150, 250, and 400 µM) in four replications of 150 µM Mn and 150 µM Cr. The results revealed that while 150 µM Mn and 150 µM Cr induced an over-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds, enhancing plant membrane injury, electrolyte leakage (EL), and oxidation in bamboo species, the varying levels of SNP significantly increased antioxidant and non-antioxidant activities, proline (Pro), glutathione (GSH), and glycine betaine (GB) content, photosynthesis, and plant growth parameters, while also reducing heavy metal accumulation and translocation in the shoot and stem. This resulted in an increase in the plant's tolerance to Mn and Cr toxicity. Hence, it is inferred that NO-induced mechanisms boosted plant resistance to toxicity by increasing antioxidant capacity, inhibiting heavy metal accumulation in the aerial part of the plant, restricting heavy metal translocation from root to leaves, and enhancing the relative water content of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghassem Emamverdian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +86-13705154436 (Y.D.)
| | - Yulong Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +86-13705154436 (Y.D.)
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Guohua Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Farzad Mokhberdoran
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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9
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Al-Khayri JM, Rashmi R, Surya Ulhas R, Sudheer WN, Banadka A, Nagella P, Aldaej MI, Rezk AAS, Shehata WF, Almaghasla MI. The Role of Nanoparticles in Response of Plants to Abiotic Stress at Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Levels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020292. [PMID: 36679005 PMCID: PMC9865530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the global agricultural system has been unfavorably impacted by adverse environmental changes. These changes in the climate, in turn, have altered the abiotic conditions of plants, affecting plant growth, physiology and production. Abiotic stress in plants is one of the main obstacles to global agricultural production and food security. Therefore, there is a need for the development of novel approaches to overcome these problems and achieve sustainability. Nanotechnology has emerged as one such novel approach to improve crop production, through the utilization of nanoscale products, such as nanofertilizer, nanofungicides, nanoherbicides and nanopesticides. Their ability to cross cellular barriers makes nanoparticles suitable for their application in agriculture. Since they are easily soluble, smaller, and effective for uptake by plants, nanoparticles are widely used as a modern agricultural tool. The implementation of nanoparticles has been found to be effective in improving the qualitative and quantitative aspects of crop production under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This review discusses various abiotic stresses to which plants are susceptible and highlights the importance of the application of nanoparticles in combating abiotic stress, in addition to the major physiological, biochemical and molecular-induced changes that can help plants tolerate stress conditions. It also addresses the potential environmental and health impacts as a result of the extensive use of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (P.N.)
| | - Ramakrishnan Rashmi
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Rutwick Surya Ulhas
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Furstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wudali N. Sudheer
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshatha Banadka
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (P.N.)
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Aldaej
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Virus & Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 3725005, Egypt
| | - Wael Fathi Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Ibrahim Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Feng C, Gao H, Zhou Y, Jing Y, Li S, Yan Z, Xu K, Zhou F, Zhang W, Yang X, Hussain MA, Li H. Unfolding molecular switches for salt stress resilience in soybean: recent advances and prospects for salt-tolerant smart plant production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162014. [PMID: 37152141 PMCID: PMC10154572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing sodium salts (NaCl, NaHCO3, NaSO4 etc.) in agricultural soil is a serious global concern for sustainable agricultural production and food security. Soybean is an important food crop, and their cultivation is severely challenged by high salt concentration in soils. Classical transgenic and innovative breeding technologies are immediately needed to engineer salt tolerant soybean plants. Additionally, unfolding the molecular switches and the key components of the soybean salt tolerance network are crucial for soybean salt tolerance improvement. Here we review our understandings of the core salt stress response mechanism in soybean. Recent findings described that salt stress sensing, signalling, ionic homeostasis (Na+/K+) and osmotic stress adjustment might be important in regulating the soybean salinity stress response. We also evaluated the importance of antiporters and transporters such as Arabidopsis K+ Transporter 1 (AKT1) potassium channel and the impact of epigenetic modification on soybean salt tolerance. We also review key phytohormones, and osmo-protectants and their role in salt tolerance in soybean. In addition, we discuss the progress of omics technologies for identifying salt stress responsive molecular switches and their targeted engineering for salt tolerance in soybean. This review summarizes recent progress in soybean salt stress functional genomics and way forward for molecular breeding for developing salt-tolerant soybean plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongtao Gao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Jing
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Senquan Li
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Keheng Xu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fangxue Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hussain
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Azhar Hussain, ; Haiyan Li,
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Azhar Hussain, ; Haiyan Li,
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11
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Ponsankar A, Senthil-Nathan S, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Pandiyan R, Karthi S, Kalaivani K, Chellappandian M, Narayanaswamy R, Thanigaivel A, Patcharin K, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA. Systematic induced resistance in Solanum lycopersicum (L.) against vascular wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) by Citrullus colocynthis and Trichoderma viride. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278616. [PMID: 37130086 PMCID: PMC10153711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The antifungal effects of Citrullus colocynthis extract (Hexane, chloroform, methanol, and water) were tested in vitro on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hans (FOL), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt. Of these, methanol and water extract at 10% showed the highest inhibition of mycelial growth of FOL by 12.32 and 23.61 mm respectively. The antifungal compounds were identified through Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The methanol extract was compatible with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma viride. The antagonistic fungi were mass-cultured under laboratory conditions using sorghum seeds. Both T. viride and C. colocynthis methanol extract was also tested alone and together against FOL under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The combination of T. viride and C. colocynthis showed the highest percentage of antifungal activity (82.92%) against FOL under in vitro conditions. This study revealed that induced systemic resistance (ISR) in enhancing the disease resistance in tomato plants against Fusarium wilt disease. The combined treatment of T. viride and C. colocynthis significantly reduced the disease incidence and index by 21.92 and 27.02% in greenhouse conditions, respectively. Further, the induction of defense enzymes, such as peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), β-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase were studied. The accumulation of defense enzyme was greater in plants treated with a combination of T. viride and C. colocynthis compared to the control. Reduction of wilt disease in tomato plants due to the involvement of defense-related enzymes is presumed through this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athirstam Ponsankar
- Division of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Raghuraman Pandiyan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kandaswamy Kalaivani
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtrallam, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthiah Chellappandian
- PG and Research Department of Botany, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annamalai Thanigaivel
- Division of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krutmuang Patcharin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Agriculture, Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Yu J, Ran Z, Zhang J, Wei L, Ma W. Genome-Wide Insights Into the Organelle Translocation of Photosynthetic NDH-1 Genes During Evolution. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956578. [PMID: 35910652 PMCID: PMC9326235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of chloroplast-located genes to mitochondria or nucleus is considered to be a safety strategy that impedes mutation of photosynthetic genes and maintains their household function during evolution. The organelle translocation strategy is also developed in photosynthetic NDH-1 (pNDH-1) genes but its understanding is still far from complete. Here, we found that the mutation rate of the conserved pNDH-1 genes was gradually reduced but their selection pressure was maintained at a high level during evolution from cyanobacteria to angiosperm. By contrast, oxygenic photosynthesis-specific (OPS) pNDH-1 genes had an opposite trend, explaining the reason why they were transferred from the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-enriched chloroplast to the ROS-barren nucleus. Further, genome-wide sequence analysis supported the possibility that all conserved pNDH-1 genes lost in chloroplast genomes of Chlorophyceae and Pinaceae were transferred to the ROS-less mitochondrial genome as deduced from their truncated pNDH-1 gene fragments. Collectively, we propose that the organelle translocation strategy of pNDH-1 genes during evolution is necessary to maintain the function of the pNDH-1 complex as an important antioxidant mechanism for efficient photosynthesis.
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13
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Improvement of plant tolerance to drought stress by cotton tubby-like protein 30 through stomatal movement regulation. J Adv Res 2022; 42:55-67. [PMID: 35738523 PMCID: PMC9788940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cotton is a vital industrial crop that is gradually shifting to planting in arid areas. However, tubby-like proteins (TULPs) involved in plant response to various stresses are rarely reported in cotton. The present study exhibited that GhTULP30 transcription in cotton was induced by drought stress. OBJECTIVE The present study demonstrated the improvement of plant tolerance to drought stress by GhTULP30 through regulation of stomatal movement. METHODS GhTULP30 response to drought and salt stress was preliminarily confirmed by qRT-PCR and yeast stress experiments. Ectopic expression in Arabidopsis and endogenous gene silencing in cotton were used to determine stomatal movement. Yeast two-hybrid and spilt-luciferase were used to screen the interacting proteins. RESULTS Ectopic expression of GhTULP30 in yeast markedly improved yeast cell tolerance to salt and drought. Overexpression of GhTULP30 made Arabidopsis seeds more resistant to drought and salt stress during seed germination and increased the stomata closing speed of the plant under drought stress conditions. Silencing of GhTULP30 in cotton by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology slowed down the closure speed of stomata under drought stress and decreased the length and width of the stomata. The trypan blue and diaminobenzidine staining exhibited the severity of leaf cell necrosis of GhTULP30-silenced plants. Additionally, the contents of proline, malondialdehyde, and catalase of GhTULP30-silenced plants exhibited significant variations, with obvious leaf wilting. Protein interaction experiments exhibited the interaction of GhTULP30 with GhSKP1B and GhXERICO. CONCLUSION GhTULP30 participates in plant response to drought stress. The present study provides a reference and direction for further exploration of TULP functions in cotton plants.
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14
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Liu J, Kong D, Ai D, Xu A, Yu W, Peng Z, Peng J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu R, Li W, Hai C, Zhang X, Wang X. Insulin resistance enhances binge ethanol-induced liver injury through promoting oxidative stress and up-regulation CYP2E1. Life Sci 2022; 303:120681. [PMID: 35662646 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has caused a serious burden on public and personal health in crowd with ethanol abuse. The effects of insulin resistance (IR) on ALD and the mechanisms underlying these responses are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the changes of liver injury, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and CYP2E1 changes in liver of mice exposed to ethanol with IR or not. We found IR increased the sensitivity of liver injury in mice exposed to ethanol, manifested as the increase serum activities of AST and ALT, the accumulation of triglycerides, the deterioration of liver pathology and increase of inflammatory factors. IR also exacerbated apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in liver of mice exposed to ethanol. The increase of oxidative stress and the decrease of antioxidant defense ability might be responsible for the sensitizing effects of IR on ethanol-induced liver injury, supported by the increase of MDA levels and the decline of GSH/GSSG, the inactivation of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GR through the inhibition of Nrf-2 pathway. The activation of CYP2E1 might be also involved in the sensitizing effects of IR on ethanol induced liver injury in mice. These results demonstrated that IR exhibited a significant pro-oxidative and pro-apoptosis effects to aggravate alcoholic liver injury. Our study helped us to better understand the sensitive role of IR on ALD and suggested that alcohol intake may be more harmful for people with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Duo Ai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Second Brigade of Basic Medical College Students, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Second Brigade of Basic Medical College Students, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhengwu Peng
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
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15
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Redox Homeostasis and Immune Alterations in Coronavirus Disease-19. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:159. [PMID: 35205026 PMCID: PMC8869285 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The global Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is characterized by a wide variety of clinical features, from no or moderate symptoms to severe illness. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that first affects the respiratory tract. Other than being limited to lungs, SARS-CoV-2 may lead to a multisystem disease that can even be durable (long COVID). The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 depends on variability in the immune regulation. Indeed, disease progression is consequent to failure in the immune regulation, characterized by an intensification of the pro-inflammatory response. Disturbance of systemic and organ-related redox balance may be a further mechanism underlying variability in COVID-19 severity. Other than being determinant for SARS-CoV-2 entry and fusion to the host cell, reactive species and redox signaling are deeply involved in the immune response. This review sums up the present knowledge on the role of redox balance in the regulation of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and related immune response, debating the effectiveness of antioxidant compounds in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.L.B.); (G.V.)
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16
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Doron S, Lampl N, Savidor A, Katina C, Gabashvili A, Levin Y, Rosenwasser S. SPEAR: A proteomics approach for simultaneous protein expression and redox analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:366-377. [PMID: 34619326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation and reduction of protein cysteinyl thiols serve as molecular switches, which is considered the most central mechanism for redox regulation of biological processes, altering protein structure, biochemical activity, subcellular localization, and binding affinity. Redox proteomics allows global identification of redox-modified cysteine (Cys) sites and quantification of their reversible oxidation/reduction responses, serving as a hypothesis-generating platform to stimulate redox biology mechanistic research. Here, we developed Simultaneous Protein Expression and Redox (SPEAR) analysis, a new redox-proteomics approach based on differential labeling of reversibly oxidized and reduced cysteines with light and heavy isotopic forms of commercially available isotopically-labeled N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The presented method does not require enrichment for labeled peptides, thus enabling simultaneous quantification of Cys reversible oxidation state and protein abundance. Using SPEAR, we were able to quantify the in-vivo reversible oxidation state of thousands of cysteines across the Arabidopsis proteome under steady-state and oxidative stress conditions. Functional assignment of the identified redox-sensitive proteins demonstrated the widespread effect of oxidative conditions on various cellular functions and highlighted the enrichment of chloroplastic proteins. SPEAR provides a simple, straightforward, and cost-effective means of studying redox proteome dynamics. The presented data provide a global quantitative view of the reversible oxidation of well-known redox-regulated active sites and many novel redox-sensitive sites whose role in plant acclimation to stress conditions remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Doron
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Nardy Lampl
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Alon Savidor
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Corine Katina
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexandra Gabashvili
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Shilo Rosenwasser
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel.
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Askari Kelestani A, Ramezanpour S, Borzouei A, Soltanloo H, Navabpour S, Saadati S. Application of gamma rays on salinity tolerance of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and expression of genes related to biosynthesis of proline, glycine betaine and antioxidant enzymes. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2533-2547. [PMID: 34924709 PMCID: PMC8639982 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of salinity stress and gamma radiation on salinity tolerance in wheat crops. To this end, mutant lines were generated by exposing Arg and Bam wheat varieties at the primordial state to 150 and 200 gamma radiation doses in the field. The top 15 mutant lines were specified for cultivation in the fifth-generation under two conditions, including non-stress and salinity stress. According to Fernandez's model, the three mutant lines had high yields under both conditions. The three mutant lines were selected with their two parents, and then, cultivated in a completely randomized factorial design in a greenhouse under non-stress and salinity conditions. The mutant lines showed significantly higher osmotic adjustment, leaf relative water content (RWC), potassium ion concentration, soluble sugar content and lower proline (Pro), and glycine betaine (GB) content than the parents at both the vegetative (VEG) and reproductive (REP) stages under salinity conditions. The expression of genes involved in the Pro biosynthesis pathway, P5CS and P5CR genes, in mutant lines were less than their parents, and conversely, P5CDH in mutant lines was more than their parents. The changes in the expression of CMO and BADH genes involved in the GB synthesis pathway indicated that the mutant lines had less gene expression compared to their parent genotypes of Arg and Bam. The results indicated an increase in antioxidant activity in the mutant lines compared to their parents. Consequently, irradiated plants have probably adapted to the salinity stress by increasing the osmotic adjustment, RWC, potassium ion concentration, and soluble sugar content, as well as activating antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Askari Kelestani
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Darab, Iran
| | - Sanaz Ramezanpour
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, PO Box 4918943464, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Azam Borzouei
- Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, PO Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hasan Soltanloo
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, PO Box 4918943464, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeed Navabpour
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, PO Box 4918943464, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Safoora Saadati
- Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, PO Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran
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18
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Zeng RF, Zhou H, Fu LM, Yan Z, Ye LX, Hu SF, Gan ZM, Ai XY, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Two citrus KNAT-like genes, CsKN1 and CsKN2, are involved in the regulation of spring shoot development in sweet orange. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7002-7019. [PMID: 34185082 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Shoot-tip abortion is a very common phenomenon in some perennial woody plants and it affects the height, architecture, and branch orientation of trees; however, little is currently known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we identified a gene in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) encoding a KNAT-like protein (CsKN1) and found high expression in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpression of CsKN1 in transgenic plants prolonged the vegetative growth of SAMs, whilst silencing resulted in either the loss or inhibition of SAMs. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that CsKN1 interacted with another citrus KNAT-like protein (CsKN2), and overexpression of CsKN2 in lemon and tobacco caused an extreme multiple-meristem phenotype. Overexpression of CsKN1 and CsKN2 in transgenic plants resulted in the differential expression of numerous genes related to hormone biosynthesis and signaling. Yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that the CsKN1-CsKN2 complex can bind to the promoter of citrus floral meristem gene LEAFY (CsLFY) and inhibit its expression. These results indicated that CsKN1 might prolong the vegetative growth period of SAMs by delaying flowering. In addition, an ethylene-responsive factor (CsERF) was found to bind to the CsKN1 promoter and suppresses its transcription. Overexpression of CsERF in Arabidopsis increased the contents of ethylene and reactive oxygen species, which might induce the occurrence of shoot-tip abscission. On the basis of our results, we conclude that CsKN1 and CsKN2 might work cooperatively to regulate the shoot-tip abscission process in spring shoots of sweet orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ming Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Xia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ai
- Institute of Pomology and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Del Pino AM, Regni L, D’Amato R, Di Michele A, Proietti P, Palmerini CA. Persistence of the Effects of Se-Fertilization in Olive Trees over Time, Monitored with the Cytosolic Ca 2+ and with the Germination of Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112290. [PMID: 34834652 PMCID: PMC8624298 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important micronutrient for living organisms, since it is involved in several physiological and metabolic processes. Biofortification with Se increases the nutritional and qualitative values of foods in Se-deficient regions and increases tolerance to oxidative stress in olive trees. Many studies have shown that Se, in addition to improving the qualitative and nutritional properties of EVO oil, also improves the plant's response to abiotic stress. This study addressed this issue by monitoring the effects of Se on cytosolic Ca2+ and on the germination of olive pollen grains in oxidative stress. The olive trees subjected to treatment with Na-selenate in the field produced pollen with a Se content 6-8 times higher than the controls, even after 20 months from the treatment. Moreover, part of the micronutrient was organic in selenium methionine. The higher selenium content did not produce toxic effects in the pollen, rather it antagonized the undesirable effects of oxidative stress in the parameters under study. The persistence of the beneficial effects of selenium observed over time in pollens, in addition to bringing out an undisputed adaptability of olive trees to the micronutrient, suggested the opportunity to reduce the number of treatments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Marco Del Pino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.D.P.); (R.D.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Luca Regni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.D.P.); (R.D.); (C.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberto D’Amato
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.D.P.); (R.D.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Primo Proietti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.D.P.); (R.D.); (C.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlo Alberto Palmerini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.D.P.); (R.D.); (C.A.P.)
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20
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zeng B, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen J, Zhong C, Deng R, Fan C. Transcriptome and structure analysis in root of Casuarina equisetifolia under NaCl treatment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12133. [PMID: 34616610 PMCID: PMC8464194 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High soil salinity seriously affects plant growth and development. Excessive salt ions mainly cause damage by inducing osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidation stress. Casuarina equisetifolia is a highly salt-tolerant plant, commonly grown as wind belts in coastal areas with sandy soils. However, little is known about its physiology and the molecular mechanism of its response to salt stress. Results Eight-week-old C. equisetifolia seedlings grown from rooted cuttings were exposed to salt stress for varying durations (0, 1, 6, 24, and 168 h under 200 mM NaCl) and their ion contents, cellular structure, and transcriptomes were analyzed. Potassium concentration decreased slowly between 1 h and 24 h after initiation of salt treatment, while the content of potassium was significantly lower after 168 h of salt treatment. Root epidermal cells were shed and a more compact layer of cells formed as the treatment duration increased. Salt stress led to deformation of cells and damage to mitochondria in the epidermis and endodermis, whereas stele cells suffered less damage. Transcriptome analysis identified 10,378 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with more genes showing differential expression after 24 h and 168 h of exposure than after shorter durations of exposure to salinity. Signal transduction and ion transport genes such as HKT and CHX were enriched among DEGs in the early stages (1 h or 6 h) of salt stress, while expression of genes involved in programmed cell death was significantly upregulated at 168 h, corresponding to changes in ion contents and cell structure of roots. Oxidative stress and detoxification genes were also expressed differentially and were enriched among DEGs at different stages. Conclusions These results not only elucidate the mechanism and the molecular pathway governing salt tolerance, but also serve as a basis for identifying gene function related to salt stress in C. equisetifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingshan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chonglu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rufang Deng
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Ahmed N, Rahman K, Rahman M, Sathi KS, Alam MM, Nahar K, Islam MS, Hasanuzzaman M. Insight into the thiourea-induced drought tolerance in two chickpea varieties: Regulation of osmoprotection, reactive oxygen species metabolism and glyoxalase system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:449-458. [PMID: 34411784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sulfhydryl bioregulator thiourea (TU) is effective in ameliorating the negative impact of different abiotic stresses in plants. To explore the significant performance of TU (5 mM TU, as foliar spray) in conferring mild (25% depletion of water from field capacity, FC), moderate (50% depletion from FC) and severe (75% depletion from FC) drought stress (applied at 25 days after sowing), physiological and biochemical responses of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars (cv. BARI Chola-7 and BARI Chola-9) were investigated in the current study. Shoot fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf relative water content reduced noticeably in mild, moderate and severe drought stresses over control. A sharp increase of H2O2 accumulation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and proline content were noticed at any level of drought stress which further declined in TU-treated drought-stressed plants. Thiourea-foliar application also increased ascorbate and glutathione contents and upregulated antioxidant enzyme activities, compared to drought-stressed plants alone. Thiourea-induced increased glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activities are the indications of upregulated methylglyoxal detoxification system. Enhancement of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system, osmoregulation and protection of photosynthetic pigments by TU improved growth, imparted oxidative stress tolerance, ameliorated ROS toxicity and improved physiology of chickpea plants under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naznin Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Khussboo Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mira Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Khadeja Sultana Sathi
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahabub Alam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
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22
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Fu N, Sugiura K, Kondo K, Nakamura S, Wakabayashi KI, Hisabori T. Monitoring cellular redox dynamics using newly developed BRET-based redox sensor proteins. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101186. [PMID: 34517006 PMCID: PMC8487062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are key factors that strongly affect the cellular redox state and regulate various physiological and cellular phenomena. To monitor changes in the redox state, we previously developed fluorescent redox sensors named Re-Q, the emissions of which are quenched under reduced conditions. However, such fluorescent probes are unsuitable for use in the cells of photosynthetic organisms because they require photoexcitation that may change intracellular conditions and induce autofluorescence, primarily in chlorophylls. In addition, the presence of various chromophore pigments may interfere with fluorescence-based measurements because of their strong absorbance. To overcome these problems, we adopted the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) mechanism for the sensor and developed two BRET-based redox sensors by fusing cyan fluorescent protein–based or yellow fluorescent protein–based Re-Q with the luminescent protein Nluc. We named the resulting redox-sensitive BRET-based indicator probes “ROBINc” and “ROBINy.” ROBINc is pH insensitive, which is especially vital for observation in photosynthetic organisms. By using these sensors, we successfully observed dynamic redox changes caused by an anticancer agent in HeLa cells and light/dark-dependent redox changes in the cells of photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Since the newly developed sensors do not require excitation light, they should be especially useful for visualizing intracellular phenomena caused by redox changes in cells containing colored pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shungo Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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23
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The Potential Application of Endophytes in Management of Stress from Drought and Salinity in Crop Plants. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081729. [PMID: 34442808 PMCID: PMC8398416 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms present inside the host plant play an essential role in host fitness, nutrient supply and stress tolerance. Endophytes are often used in sustainable agriculture as biofertilizers, biopesticides and as inoculants to mitigate abiotic stresses including salinity, drought, cold and pH variation in the soil. In changing climatic conditions, abiotic stresses create global challenges to achieve optimum crop yields in agricultural production. Plants experience stress conditions that involve endogenous boosting of their immune system or the overexpression of their defensive redox regulatory systems with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, rising stress factors overwhelm the natural redox protection systems of plants, which leads to massive internal oxidative damage and death. Endophytes are an integral internal partner of hosts and have been shown to mitigate abiotic stresses via modulating local or systemic mechanisms and producing antioxidants to counteract ROS in plants. Advancements in omics and other technologies have been made, but potential application of endophytes remains largely unrealized. In this review article, we will discuss the diversity, population and interaction of endophytes with crop plants as well as potential applications in abiotic stress management.
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24
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Karlik E. Potential stress tolerance roles of barley germins and GLPs. Dev Genes Evol 2021; 231:109-118. [PMID: 34363524 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-021-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) known as germination markers are encoded by multigene families in several plant species, including barley. To date, functional analysis has revealed germins and GLPs are involved in diverse processes such as embryonic development and stress responses. The aim of this study was the analysis of barley germins and GLPs. In this study, 80 putative germins and GLPs have been identified in barley by using known 17 germins and GLP sequences. Analysis of germins and GLPs showed all germins and GLPs are distributed on all seven chromosomes that most of them spread through chromosome 3, 4 and 7 with 16, 18 and 12 proteins on each, respectively. The protein sizes varied between 185 and 335 amino acids, with an average length of 225 aa. Twelve conserved motifs were found. While germin motifs 1 and 3 were detected in all germins and GLPs, some motifs were found to be related to signalization. Interestingly, protein-protein interaction analysis demonstrated some GLPs are associated with RAB6-interacting golgin, oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity, beta-glucuronidase activity, protein N-linked glycosylation, multi-pass membrane protein, and proteins containing zinc finger (Znf) domain and RING (really interesting new gene)-type zinc finger domains. Our findings suggest that barley germins and GLPs may have diverse functions that make them important candidates for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karlik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istinye University, 34010, Zeytinburnu, İstanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants (LMM): The Current Understanding of Genetic Mutations in the Failure of ROS Scavenging during Lesion Formation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081598. [PMID: 34451643 PMCID: PMC8400881 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) form spontaneous lesions on the leaves during vegetative growth without pathogenic infections. The rice LMM group includes various mutants, including spotted leaf mutants, brown leaf mutants, white-stripe leaf mutants, and other lesion-phenotypic mutants. These LMM mutants exhibit a common phenotype of lesions on the leaves linked to chloroplast destruction caused by the eruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the photosynthesis process. This process instigates the hypersensitive response (HR) and programmed cell death (PCD), resulting in lesion formation. The reasons for lesion formation have been studied extensively in terms of genetics and molecular biology to understand the pathogen and stress responses. In rice, the lesion phenotypes of most rice LMMs are inherited according to the Mendelian principles of inheritance, which remain in the subsequent generations. These rice LMM genetic traits have highly developed innate self-defense mechanisms. Thus, although rice LMM plants have undesirable agronomic traits, the genetic principles of LMM phenotypes can be used to obtain high grain yields by deciphering the efficiency of photosynthesis, disease resistance, and environmental stress responses. From these ailing rice LMM plants, rice geneticists have discovered novel proteins and physiological causes of ROS in photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. This review discusses recent studies on rice LMMs for the Mendelian inheritances, molecular genetic mapping, and the genetic definition of each mutant gene.
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26
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Zhuang Y, Wei M, Ling C, Liu Y, Amin AK, Li P, Li P, Hu X, Bao H, Huo H, Smalle J, Wang S. EGY3 mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis and promotes retrograde signaling in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109384. [PMID: 34260941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast is the main organelle for stress-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, how chloroplastic ROS homeostasis is maintained under salt stress is largely unknown. We show that EGY3, a gene encoding a chloroplast-localized protein, is induced by salt and oxidative stresses. The loss of EGY3 function causes stress hypersensitivity while EGY3 overexpression increases the tolerance to both salt and chloroplastic oxidative stresses. EGY3 interacts with chloroplastic Cu/Zn-SOD2 (CSD2) and promotes CSD2 stability under stress conditions. In egy3-1 mutant plants, the stress-induced CSD2 degradation limits H2O2 production in chloroplasts and impairs H2O2-mediated retrograde signaling, as indicated by the decreased expression of retrograde-signal-responsive genes required for stress tolerance. Both exogenous application of H2O2 (or APX inhibitor) and CSD2 overexpression can rescue the salt-stress hypersensitivity of egy3-1 mutants. Our findings reveal that EGY3 enhances the tolerance to salt stress by promoting the CSD2 stability and H2O2-mediated chloroplastic retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhuang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming Wei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengcheng Ling
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yangxuan Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Abdul Karim Amin
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Penghui Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pengwei Li
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xufan Hu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huaxu Bao
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Jan Smalle
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Songhu Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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27
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Li RQ, Jiang M, Huang JZ, Møller IM, Shu QY. Mutations of the Genomes Uncoupled 4 Gene Cause ROS Accumulation and Repress Expression of Peroxidase Genes in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682453. [PMID: 34178000 PMCID: PMC8232891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Genomes Uncoupled 4 (GUN4) is one of the retrograde signaling genes in Arabidopsis and its orthologs have been identified in oxygenic phototrophic organisms from cyanobacterium to higher plants. GUN4 is involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and its mutation often causes chlorophyll-deficient phenotypes with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hence it has been speculated that GUN4 may also play a role in photoprotection. However, the biological mechanism leading to the increased ROS accumulation in gun4 mutants remains largely unknown. In our previous studies, we generated an epi-mutant allele of OsGUN4 (gun4 epi ), which downregulated its expression to ∼0.5% that of its wild-type (WT), and a complete knockout allele gun4-1 due to abolishment of its translation start site. In the present study, three types of F2 plant derived from a gun4-1/gun4 epi cross, i.e., gun4-1/gun4-1, gun4-1/gun4 epi and gun4 epi /gun4 epi were developed and used for further investigation by growing them under photoperiodic condition (16 h/8 h light/dark) with low light (LL, 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1) or high light (HL, 1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1). The expression of OsGUN4 was light responsive and had two peaks in the daytime. gun4-1/gun4-1-F2 seeds showed defective germination and died within 7 days. Significantly higher levels of ROS accumulated in all types of OsGUN4 mutants than in WT plants under both the LL and HL conditions. A comparative RNA-seq analysis of WT variety LTB and its gun4 epi mutant HYB led to the identification of eight peroxidase (PRX)-encoding genes that were significantly downregulated in HYB. The transcription of these eight PRX genes was restored in transgenic HYB protoplasts overexpressing OsGUN4, while their expression was repressed in LTB protoplasts transformed with an OsGUN4 silencing vector. We conclude that OsGUN4 is indispensable for rice, its expression is light- and oxidative-stress responsive, and it plays a role in ROS accumulation via its involvement in the transcriptional regulation of PRX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Li
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Huang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Qing-Yao Shu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Polymorphism in the Chloroplast ATP Synthase Beta-Subunit Is Associated with a Maternally Inherited Enhanced Cold Recovery in Cucumber. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061092. [PMID: 34072439 PMCID: PMC8226925 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a warm-season crop that is sensitive to chilling temperatures and a maternally inherited cold tolerance exists in the heirloom cultivar 'Chipper' (CH). Because the organelles of cucumber show differential transmission (maternal for chloroplast and paternal for mitochondrion), this cold tolerance is hypothesized to be chloroplast-associated. The goal of this research was to characterize the cold tolerant phenotype from CH and determine its genetic basis. Doubled haploid (DH) lines were produced from CH and cold susceptible cucumbers, reciprocal hybrids with identical nuclear genotypes were produced, and plants were subjected to cold treatments under lights at 4 °C for 5.5 h. Hybrid plants with CH as the maternal parent had significantly higher fresh and dry weights 14 days after cold treatment compared to the reciprocal hybrid, revealing an enhanced cold recovery phenotype maternally conferred by CH. Results from analyses of the nuclear transcriptome and reactive oxygen species (ROS) between reciprocal hybrids were consistent with the cold recovery phenotype. Sequencing of the chloroplast genome and transcriptome of the DH parents and reciprocal hybrids, respectively, revealed one maternally transmitted non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the chloroplast F1FO-ATP synthase (CF1FO-ATPase) beta-subunit gene (atpB) of CH which confers an amino acid change from threonine to arginine. Protein modeling revealed that this change is located at the interface of the alpha- and beta-subunits in the CF1FO-ATPase complex. Polymorphisms in the CF1FO-ATPase complex have been associated with stress tolerances in other plants, and selection for or creation of polymorphic beta-subunit proteins by chloroplast transformation or gene editing could condition improved recovery from cold stress in plants.
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29
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Abstract
LuxR solos are related to quorum sensing (QS) LuxR family regulators; however, they lack a cognate LuxI family protein. LuxR solos are widespread and almost exclusively found in proteobacteria. In this study, we investigated the distribution and conservation of LuxR solos in the fluorescent pseudomonads group. Our analysis of more than 600 genomes revealed that the majority of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. carry one or more LuxR solos, occurring considerably more frequently than complete LuxI/LuxR archetypical QS systems. Based on the adjacent gene context and conservation of the primary structure, nine subgroups of LuxR solos have been identified that are likely to be involved in the establishment of communication networks. Modeling analysis revealed that the majority of subgroups shows some substitutions at the invariant amino acids of the ligand-binding pocket of QS LuxRs, raising the possibility of binding to non-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) ligands. Several mutants and gene expression studies on some LuxR solos belonging to different subgroups were performed in order to shed light on their response. The commonality of LuxR solos among fluorescent pseudomonads is an indication of their important role in cell-cell signaling. IMPORTANCE Cell-cell communication in bacteria is being extensively studied in simple settings and uses chemical signals and cognate regulators/receptors. Many Gram-negative proteobacteria use acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) synthesized by LuxI family proteins and cognate LuxR-type receptors to regulate their quorum sensing (QS) target loci. AHL-QS circuits are the best studied QS systems; however, many proteobacterial genomes also contain one or more LuxR solos, which are QS-related LuxR proteins which are unpaired to a cognate LuxI. A few LuxR solos have been implicated in intraspecies, interspecies, and interkingdom signaling. Here, we report that LuxR solo homologs occur considerably more frequently than complete LuxI/LuxR QS systems within the Pseudomonas fluorescens group of species and that they are characterized by different genomic organizations and primary structures and can be subdivided into several subgroups. The P. fluorescens group consists of more than 50 species, many of which are found in plant-associated environments. The role of LuxR solos in cell-cell signaling in fluorescent pseudomonads is discussed.
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Moghaieb RE, Ahmed DS, Gaber A, Abdelhadi AA. Overexpression of bacterial katE gene improves the resistance of modified tomato plant against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. GM CROPS & FOOD 2021; 12:315-327. [PMID: 33783318 PMCID: PMC8018384 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2021.1903374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield is severely affected by Fusarium fungal disease. To improve the resistance of tomato against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), Escherichia coli katE gene was transformed into two tomato cultivars, namely Castle Rock and Super strain B, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens; the transformation efficiency was 5.6% and 3.5%, respectively. The integration of the katE gene into T0, T1, and T2 transgenic tomato lines was confirmed using PCR. In addition, DNA dot blot technique confirmed the integration of the katE gene into T2 transgenic tomato lines. The RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the katE gene could be expressed normally in the T2 modified lines. Under artificial infection with FOL, the non-modified plants exhibited more severe fungal disease symptoms than those observed in katE overexpression (OE) lines. Our analysis showed that the levels of three defense enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were increased during transgenic T2 generation pre-treated with FOL. The bioassay of modified lines revealed that an average of 52.56% of the modified Castle Rock cultivar and 50.28% of the modified Super Strain B cultivar showed resistance under Fusarium infection. These results clearly indicate that the modified tomato plants, in which the katE gene was overexpressed, became more resistant to the infection by FOL than the wild-type plants. Our study has proven that the overexpression of the E. coli katE gene in the OE lines could be utilized to develop and improve the resistance against fungal diseases in the modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda E.A. Moghaieb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia S. Ahmed
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
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Sun Y, Tian X, Wu H, Hao X, Gao B, Zhang H, Feng J, Han L. H 2O 2 signaling modulates Glycoprotein-1 induced programmed cell death in tobacco suspension cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 171:104697. [PMID: 33357538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP)-1 is a glycoprotein elicitor with antiviral activity found in Streptomyces kanasensis zx01. GP-1 can induce programmed cell death (PCD) in vitro; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that GP-1 induced PCD in tobacco suspension cells, which was modulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). GP-1 participated in and modulated biologically relevant signaling in plant cells. GP-1 induced tobacco cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner; affected the expression of BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) and the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), which are related to PCD; and enzymatic activities and mitochondrial functions. In conclusion, GP-1-induced PCD in tobacco may be mediated by H2O2 which alters BAK1 and SA levels, as well as mitochondrial and gene function. This cell signal cascade played an important role in the process of GP-1 induced plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangrong Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinchang Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baowei Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lirong Han
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Portraying Fungal Mechanisms in Stress Tolerance: Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Parvin K, Bhuiyan TF, Anee TI, Nahar K, Hossen MS, Zulfiqar F, Alam MM, Fujita M. Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228695. [PMID: 33218014 PMCID: PMC7698618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various environmental stresses singly or in combination generate excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and impaired redox homeostasis. Generation of ROS is the obvious outcome of abiotic stresses and is gaining importance not only for their ubiquitous generation and subsequent damaging effects in plants but also for their diversified roles in signaling cascade, affecting other biomolecules, hormones concerning growth, development, or regulation of stress tolerance. Therefore, a good balance between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system protects photosynthetic machinery, maintains membrane integrity, and prevents damage to nucleic acids and proteins. Notably, the antioxidant defense system not only scavenges ROS but also regulates the ROS titer for signaling. A glut of studies have been executed over the last few decades to discover the pattern of ROS generation and ROS scavenging. Reports suggested a sharp threshold level of ROS for being beneficial or toxic, depending on the plant species, their growth stages, types of abiotic stresses, stress intensity, and duration. Approaches towards enhancing the antioxidant defense in plants is one of the vital areas of research for plant biologists. Therefore, in this review, we accumulated and discussed the physicochemical basis of ROS production, cellular compartment-specific ROS generation pathways, and their possible distressing effects. Moreover, the function of the antioxidant defense system for detoxification and homeostasis of ROS for maximizing defense is also discussed in light of the latest research endeavors and experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnim Farha Bhuiyan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.F.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Taufika Islam Anee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.F.B.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Md. Mahabub Alam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
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Mondal KK, Soni M, Verma G, Kulshreshtha A, Mrutyunjaya S, Kumar R. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae depends on multiple non-TAL (Xop) T3SS effectors for its coveted growth inside the pomegranate plant through repressing the immune responses during bacterial blight development. Microbiol Res 2020; 240:126560. [PMID: 32721820 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap), the bacterial blight pathogen of pomegranate, incurs substantial loss to yield and reduces export quality of this economically important fruit crop. During infection, the bacterium secretes six non-TAL (Xop) effectors into the pomegranate cells through a specialized type three secretion system (T3SS). Previously, we demonstrated the role of two key effectors, XopL and XopN in pathogenesis. Here, we investigate the role of rest effectors (XopC2, XopE1, XopQ and XopZ) on disease development. We generated null mutants for each individual effector and mutant bacterial suspension was infiltrated into pomegranate leaves. Compared to Xap wild, the mutant bacterial growth was reduced by 2.7-11.5 folds. The mutants produced lesser water-soaked lesions when infiltrated on leaves by 1.13-2.21 folds. Among the four effectors, XopC2 contributes highest for in planta bacterial growth and disease development. XopC2 efficiently suppressed the defense responses like callose deposition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of immune responsive genes. Being a major contributor, we further characterize XopC2 for its subcellular localization, its protein structure and networking. XopC2 is localized to the plasma membrane of Nicotiana benthamiana like XopL and XopN. XopC2 is a 661 amino acids protein having 15 alpha and 17 beta helix. Our STRING and I-TASSER based analysis hinted that XopC2 interacts with multiple membrane localized plant proteins including transcription regulator of CCR4-NOT family, TTN of maintenance of chromosome family and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) isoform. Based on the interaction it is predicted that XopC2 might involve in diverse functions like nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, maintenance of chromosome, hormone signaling and protein dephosphorylation activities and thereby suppress the plant immunity. Altogether, our study suggests that Xap largely depends on three non-TAL (Xop) effectors, including XopC2, XopL and XopN, to modulate pomegranate PTI for its unrestricted proliferation during bacterial blight development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan K Mondal
- Plant Bacteriology Lab, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Madhvi Soni
- Plant Bacteriology Lab, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Geeta Verma
- Plant Bacteriology Lab, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Aditya Kulshreshtha
- Plant Bacteriology Lab, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S Mrutyunjaya
- Plant Bacteriology Lab, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rishikesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
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Gupta SK, Verma K, Kumar R, Sarkar B, Mantha AK, Kumar S. Priming alleviates high temperature induced oxidative DNA damage and repair using Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ape1L) homologue in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:304-313. [PMID: 32992277 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants require an optimum range of temperature for normal growth and development however high temperature can adversely affect the plants, induce oxidative stress and disintegrate biomolecules especially DNA and proteins. In wheat, high temperature stress (35-40 °C) during ripening stage hampers the yield tremendously. In this study, we assessed high temperature (HT) induced oxidative stress, subsequent DNA damage and role of priming in stress tolerance by analyzing DNA repair enzyme Triticum aestivum AP endonuclease (TaApe1L). Sixteen days old seedlings of wheat varieties PBW 550 and PBW 343 were primed with mild drought and exposed to HT (38 °C) for 2, 4, and 6 h. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as oxidative stress marker and quantified on regular time intervals. DNA damage was analyzed by DNA laddering and TaApe1L gene expression was analyzed using RT PCR and western blotting. Phylogenetic analysis of Ape1 revealed presence of some key amino acids that are evolutionary conserved. A significant increase in H2O2 content was observed after 6 h of exposure especially in PBW 343. Similarly, the DNA damage was also increased with HT exposure especially in PBW 343. The TaApe1L mRNA expression increased after priming in both the varieties after 4 h. But APE1 protein expression was higher in PBW 343, which can be correlated with DNA damage and repair. Lastly, it can be concluded that there is varietal difference in the HT sensitivity but 6 h exposure was detrimental to both the varieties. Also, drought priming improved HT tolerance by over expressing APE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu K Gupta
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Komal Verma
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Rashpal Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Bibekananda Sarkar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India; Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.
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Enzyme-like electrocatalysis from 2D gold nanograss-nanocube assemblies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 575:24-34. [PMID: 32344216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology's rapid development of nanostructured materials with disruptive material properties has inspired research for their use as electrocatalysts to potentially substitute enzymes. Herein, a novel electrocatalytic nanomaterial was constructed by growing gold nanograss (AuNG) on 2D nanoassemblies of gold nanocubes (AuNC). The resulting structure (NG@NC) was used for the detection of H2O2via its electrochemical reduction. The NG@NC electrode displayed a large active surface area, resulting in improved electron transfer efficiency. On the nanoscale, AuNG maintained its structure, providing high stability and reproducibility of the sensing platform. Our nanostructured electrode showed excellent catalytic activity towards H2O2 at an applied potential of -0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl. This facilitated H2O2 detection with excellent selectivity in an environment like human urine, and a linear response from 50 µM to 30 mM, with a sensitivity of 100.66 ± 4.0 μA mM-1 cm-2. The NG@NC-based sensor hence shows great potential in nonenzymatic electrochemical sensing.
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Design and fabrication of cost-effective and sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor using Co-doped δ-MnO 2 flowers as electrode modifier. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:789-798. [PMID: 32794004 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of a cost-effective and highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide sensor is of great importance. Electrochemical sensing is considered the most sensitive technique for hydrogen peroxide detection. Herein, we reported a cost-effective and highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide sensor using Co-doped δ-MnO2 (Co@δ-MnO2) flower-modified screen-printed carbon electrode. The δ-MnO2 and Co@δ-MnO2 flowers were synthesized by employing a hydrothermal approach. Advanced techniques such as PXRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman, UV, EDX, BET, and TEM were utilized to confirm the formation of δ-MnO2 and Co-doped δ-MnO2 flowers. The fabricated sensor exhibited an excellent detection limit (0.12 μM) and sensitivity of 5.3 μAμM-1 cm-2.Graphical abstract.
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Liu X, Liu H, Liu WC, Gao Z. The nuclear localized RIN13 induces cell death through interacting with ARF1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:124-130. [PMID: 32446355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Maculicola 1 (RPM1) is a crucial immune receptor conferring plant enhanced resistance to pathogenic bacteria. RPM1-interacting protein 13 (RIN13) enhances RPM1-mediated disease resistance through interacting with the central domain of RPM1 in Arabidopsis, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report the subcellular localization and function of RIN13 using the Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) transient expression system. Our results showed that RIN13 is exclusively localized in the nucleus, and RIN13 (231-300) fragment is responsible for its nuclear localization. Transient expression of RIN13 in N. benthamiana leaves can accelerate leaf senescence and cell death, and affect the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes, and the C-terminus of RIN13 is crucial for its function. Furthermore, we identified a RIN13-interacting protein, Auxin Response Factor 1 (ARF1), and found that similar to RIN13, ARF1 can also promote leaf senescence and cell death. In addition, expression of RIN13 in N. benthamiana leaves can facilitate the translocation of ARF1 into the nucleus. Collectively, our study revealed a possible mechanism of RIN13 in accelerating leaf senescence and cell death by changing the subcellular localization of ARF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Desi and kabuli chickpea cultivars had differential behaviour towards salinity stress tolerance. Biol Futur 2020; 71:137-146. [PMID: 34554520 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Twenty chickpea cultivars were germinated under control and different levels of salt stress induced by sodium chloride and out of these, three desi (PDG 3, GL 12003, C 106) and two kabuli (FLIP-08-125-C and GLK 28127) cultivars were selected on the basis of embryonic axis growth, biomass, salinity stress tolerance index. Antioxidative enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants proline and proline metabolizing enzymes and free radical scavenging activities were estimated in embryonic axes of these selected cultivars under control and salt stressed conditions. Higher activities of catalase and Δ1-pyrroline-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and sustained activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in embryonic axis along with higher SOD and glutathione reductase and maintained APX in cotyledons might be mediating salt stress tolerance in kabuli cultivar FLIP-08-125-C. Higher proline content, enhanced P5CS activity and decreased proline dehydrogenase activity in embryonic axis along with higher free radical scavenging activities both in cotyledons and embryonic axis in desi cultivar PDG 3 might be mediating salt stress tolerance by maintaining osmotic balance and reducing oxidative damage.
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Mendoza G, Sánchez-Tafolla L, Trigos Á. Oxidative foliar photo-necrosis produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas cedrina. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Choudhary A, Kumar A, Kaur N. ROS and oxidative burst: Roots in plant development. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:33-43. [PMID: 32140635 PMCID: PMC7046507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely generated in various redox reactions in plants. In earlier studies, ROS were considered toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism. In recent years, it has become clear that ROS act as plant signaling molecules that participate in various processes such as growth and development. Several studies have elucidated the roles of ROS from seed germination to senescence. However, there is much to discover about the diverse roles of ROS as signaling molecules and their mechanisms of sensing and response. ROS may provide possible benefits to plant physiological processes by supporting cellular proliferation in cells that maintain basal levels prior to oxidative effects. Although ROS are largely perceived as either negative by-products of aerobic metabolism or makers for plant stress, elucidating the range of functions that ROS play in growth and development still require attention.
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Nadeem F, Ahmad Z, Ul Hassan M, Wang R, Diao X, Li X. Adaptation of Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.) to Abiotic Stresses: A Special Perspective of Responses to Nitrogen and Phosphate Limitations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:187. [PMID: 32184798 PMCID: PMC7058660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Amongst various environmental constraints, abiotic stresses are increasing the risk of food insecurity worldwide by limiting crop production and disturbing the geographical distribution of food crops. Millets are known to possess unique features of resilience to adverse environments, especially infertile soil conditions, although the underlying mechanisms are yet to be determined. The small diploid genome, short stature, excellent seed production, C4 photosynthesis, and short life cycle of foxtail millet make it a very promising model crop for studying nutrient stress responses. Known to be a drought-tolerant crop, it responds to low nitrogen and low phosphate by respective reduction and enhancement of its root system. This special response is quite different from that shown by maize and some other cereals. In contrast to having a smaller root system under low nitrogen, foxtail millet enhances biomass accumulation, facilitating root thickening, presumably for nutrient translocation. The low phosphate response of foxtail millet links to the internal nitrogen status, which tends to act as a signal regulating the expression of nitrogen transporters and hence indicates its inherent connection with nitrogen nutrition. Altogether, the low nitrogen and low phosphate responses of foxtail millet can act as a basis to further determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we will highlight the abiotic stress responses of foxtail millet with a key note on its low nitrogen and low phosphate adaptive responses in comparison to other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Nadeem
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuexian Li,
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A Review: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Mass Coral Bleaching. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bellanti F, Pannone G, Tartaglia N, Serviddio G. Redox Control of the Immune Response in the Hepatic Progenitor Cell Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:295. [PMID: 32435643 PMCID: PMC7218163 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver commonly self-regenerates by a proliferation of mature cell types. Nevertheless, in case of severe or protracted damage, the organ renewal is mediated by the hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), adult progenitors capable of differentiating toward the biliary and the hepatocyte lineages. This regeneration process is determined by the formation of a stereotypical niche surrounding the emerging progenitors. The organization of the HPC niche microenvironment is crucial to drive biliary or hepatocyte regeneration. Furthermore, this is the site of a complex immunological activity mediated by several immune and non-immune cells. Indeed, several cytokines produced by monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes may promote the activation of HPCs in the niche. On the other side, HPCs may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by liver inflammation. The inflamed liver is characterized by high generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which in turn lead to the oxidation of macromolecules and the alteration of signaling pathways. Reactive species and redox signaling are involved in both the immunological and the adult stem cell regeneration processes. It is then conceivable that redox balance may finely regulate the immune response in the HPC niche, modulating the regeneration process and the immune activity of HPCs. In this perspective article, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of reactive species in the regulation of hepatic immunity, suggesting future research directions for the study of redox signaling on the immunomodulatory properties of HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Center for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Bellanti,
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Institute of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- Institute of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Center for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Ren RC, Lu X, Zhao YJ, Wei YM, Wang LL, Zhang L, Zhang WT, Zhang C, Zhang XS, Zhao XY. Pentatricopeptide repeat protein DEK40 is required for mitochondrial function and kernel development in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6163-6179. [PMID: 31598687 PMCID: PMC6859738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are one of the largest protein families, which consists of >400 members in most species. However, the molecular functions of many PPR proteins are still uncharacterized. Here, we isolated a maize mutant, defective kernel 40 (dek40). Positional cloning, and genetic and molecular analyses revealed that DEK40 encodes a new E+ subgroup PPR protein that is localized in the mitochondrion. DEK40 recognizes and directly binds to cox3, nad2, and nad5 transcripts and functions in their processing. In the dek40 mutant, abolishment of the C-to-U editing of cox3-314, nad2-26, and nad5-1916 leads to accumulated reactive oxygen species and promoted programmed cell death in endosperm cells due to the dysfunction of mitochondrial complexes I and IV. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis showed that gene expression in some pathways, such as glutathione metabolism and starch biosynthesis, was altered in the dek40 mutant compared with the wild-type control, which might be involved in abnormal development of the maize mutant kernels. Thus, our results provide solid evidence on the molecular mechanism underlying RNA editing by DEK40, and extend our understanding of PPR-E+ type protein in editing functions and kernel development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Ming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Xiang Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Correspondence: or
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de Carpentier F, Lemaire SD, Danon A. When Unity Is Strength: The Strategies Used by Chlamydomonas to Survive Environmental Stresses. Cells 2019; 8:E1307. [PMID: 31652831 PMCID: PMC6912462 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a valuable model system to study a wide spectrum of scientific fields, including responses to environmental conditions. Most studies are performed under optimal growth conditions or under mild stress. However, when environmental conditions become harsher, the behavior of this unicellular alga is less well known. In this review we will show that despite being a unicellular organism, Chlamydomonas can survive very severe environmental conditions. To do so, and depending on the intensity of the stress, the strategies used by Chlamydomonas can range from acclimation to the formation of multicellular structures, or involve programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix de Carpentier
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
- Faculty of Sciences, Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Danon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
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Gan P, Liu F, Li R, Wang S, Luo J. Chloroplasts- Beyond Energy Capture and Carbon Fixation: Tuning of Photosynthesis in Response to Chilling Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205046. [PMID: 31614592 PMCID: PMC6834309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As organelles for photosynthesis in green plants, chloroplasts play a vital role in solar energy capture and carbon fixation. The maintenance of normal chloroplast physiological functions is essential for plant growth and development. Low temperature is an adverse environmental stress that affects crop productivity. Low temperature severely affects the growth and development of plants, especially photosynthesis. To date, many studies have reported that chloroplasts are not only just organelles of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts can also perceive chilling stress signals via membranes and photoreceptors, and they maintain their homeostasis and promote photosynthesis by regulating the state of lipid membranes, the abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins, the activity of enzymes, the redox state, and the balance of hormones and by releasing retrograde signals, thus improving plant resistance to low temperatures. This review focused on the potential functions of chloroplasts in fine tuning photosynthesis processes under low-temperature stress by perceiving stress signals, modulating the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, and scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts to survive the adverse environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gan
- College of Life Science and technology (State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources), Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Rongbai Li
- Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Shaokui Wang
- Agriculture College, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jijing Luo
- College of Life Science and technology (State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources), Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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48
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Antioxidants and secondary metabolites changes in stomata and pollens of invasive alien plant Lantana camara. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Selenium maintains cytosolic Ca 2+ homeostasis and preserves germination rates of maize pollen under H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13502. [PMID: 31534157 PMCID: PMC6751180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) displays antioxidant properties that can be exploited, in plants, to counteract abiotic stresses caused by overly-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that fertigation of maize crops with sodium selenate effectively protects pollen against oxidative stress. Pollen isolated from Se-treated plants (Se1) and untreated controls (Se0) was incubated in vitro with H2O2 to produce oxidative challenge. Given the impact of ROS on Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+-dependent signaling, cytosolic Ca2+ was measured to monitor cellular perturbations. We found that H2O2 disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis in Se0 pollen only, while Se1 samples were preserved. The same trend was observed when Se0 samples were treated with sodium selenate or Se-methionine, which recapitulated in vitro the protective capacity of Se-fertigation. Furthermore, we found that germination rates were much better retained in Se1 as compared to Se0 (46% vs 8%, respectively) after exposure to 20 mM H2O2. The same was observed with Se0 pollen treated with Se-methionine, which is the organic form of Se into which most fertigated sodium selenate converts in the plant. These results, together, show a close correlation between ROS, Ca2+ homeostasis and pollen fertility, and provide strong evidence that Se-fertigation is an excellent approach to preserve or enhance agricultural productivity.
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50
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Yan L, Riaz M, Du C, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Jiang C. Ameliorative role of boron to toxicity of aluminum in trifoliate orange roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:212-221. [PMID: 31048217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant productivity. Boron (B) could mitigate Al toxicity in many plant species. However, information about the mechanisms of B alleviating Al toxicity in citrus is lacking. Trifoliate orange rootstock (Poncirus trifoliate L. Raf.) seedlings were irrigated with a nutrient solution containing two B and two Al levels. Results showed that exposure to Al severely impeded plant growth-related parameters. However, B supply improved plant biomass, root activity and relative root elongation under Al stress. Furthermore, B reduced the Al-induced H2O2 accumulation in roots as evidenced by lower fluorescence intensity of H2O2 staining. Boron decreased the Al-stimulated ascorbate (AsA) synthesis by down-regulated AsA synthesis-related metabolites in the L-galactose pathway. Boron alleviated some of the toxic effects of Al by decreasing redox states of AsA and enzyme activities involved in ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase while increased glutathione (GSH) content and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) activity. Overall, our results suggest that B protects roots against Al-induced oxidative stress possibly by reducing metabolites accumulation in the L-galactose pathway of AsA synthesis and regulating AsA-GSH cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Chenqing Du
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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