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Yao J, Lin X, Zhang X, Xie M, Ma X, Bao X, Song J, Liang Y, Wang Q, Xue X. Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in lung cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2406063. [PMID: 39415535 PMCID: PMC11487980 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2406063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment mode of lung cancer, extending the survival time of patients unprecedentedly. Once patients respond to ICIs, the median duration of response is usually longer than that achieved with cytotoxic or targeted drugs. Unfortunately, there is still a large proportion of lung cancer patients do not respond to ICI. Effective biomarkers are crucial for identifying lung cancer patients who can benefit from them. The first predictive biomarker is programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), but its predictive value is limited to specific populations. With the development of single-cell sequencing and spatial imaging technologies, as well as the use of deep learning and artificial intelligence, the identification of predictive biomarkers has been greatly expanded. In this review, we will dissect the biomarkers used to predict ICIs efficacy in lung cancer from the tumor-immune microenvironment and host perspectives, and describe cutting-edge technologies to further identify biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwen Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xidong Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Li W, Feng J, Peng J, Zhang X, Aziz AUR, Wang D. Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK) cell immunotherapy: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2415187. [PMID: 39414236 PMCID: PMC11486046 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2415187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells represent a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, making this a highly popular research area. However, comprehensive analyses of this field using bibliometric methods are rare. To our knowledge, this study has collected highest number of publications (1,259) on CAR-NK therapy from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2023, and utilized CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyze regions, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords to forecast the latest trends in CAR-NK therapy research. The United States and China, contributing over 60% of publications, are the primary drivers in this field. The Helmholtz Association and Harvard University are the most active institutions, with most publications appearing in Frontiers in Immunology. Winfried S. Wels is the most prolific author, while EL Liu is the most frequently co-cited author. "Immunotherapy," "T-cells," and "Cancer" are the most extensively covered topics in CAR-NK therapy research. Our study reveals current CAR-NK research trends, identifies potential research hotspots, and visualizes references through bibliometric methods, providing valuable guidance for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangshu Li
- Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women in Liaoning Province, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiuxiang Feng
- Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women in Liaoning Province, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianan Peng
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women in Liaoning Province, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women in Liaoning Province, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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You H, Geng S, Li S, Imani M, Brambilla D, Sun T, Jiang C. Recent advances in biomimetic strategies for the immunotherapy of glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122694. [PMID: 38959533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is regarded as one of the most promising approaches for treating tumors, with a multitude of immunotherapeutic thoughts currently under consideration for the lethal glioblastoma (GBM). However, issues with immunotherapeutic agents, such as limited in vivo stability, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, insufficient GBM targeting, and represented monotherapy, have hindered the success of immunotherapeutic interventions. Moreover, even with the aid of conventional drug delivery systems, outcomes remain suboptimal. Biomimetic strategies seek to overcome these formidable drug delivery challenges by emulating nature's intelligent structures and functions. Leveraging the variety of biological structures and functions, biomimetic drug delivery systems afford a versatile platform with enhanced biocompatibility for the co-delivery of diverse immunotherapeutic agents. Moreover, their inherent capacity to traverse the BBB and home in on GBM holds promise for augmenting the efficacy of GBM immunotherapy. Thus, this review begins by revisiting the various thoughts and agents on immunotherapy for GBM. Then, the barriers to successful GBM immunotherapy are analyzed, and the corresponding biomimetic strategies are explored from the perspective of function and structure. Finally, the clinical translation's current state and prospects of biomimetic strategy are addressed. This review aspires to provide fresh perspectives on the advancement of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu You
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuo Geng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shangkuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Department of Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14977-13115, Iran; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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4
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Zhu X, Xue J, Jiang H, Xue D. CAR-NK cells for gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:237. [PMID: 39443938 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant health burden worldwide. Their incidence continues to increase, and their management remains a clinical challenge. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as a promising alternative to CAR-T cells for immunotherapy of GI cancers. Notably, CAR-NK cells offer several advantages, including reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease, lower cytokine release syndrome, and the ability to target cancer cells through both CAR-dependent and natural cytotoxic mechanisms. MAIN BODY This review comprehensively discusses the development and applications of CAR-NK cells in the treatment of GI cancers. We explored various sources of NK cells, CAR design strategies, and the current state of CAR-NK cell therapy for GI cancers, highlighting recent preclinical and clinical trials. Additionally, we addressed existing challenges and propose potential strategies to enhance the efficacy and safety of CAR-NK cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the potential of CAR-NK cells to revolutionize GI cancer treatment and pave the way for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110032, P.R. China
| | - Jieyun Xue
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhou Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110032, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Xue
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110032, P.R. China.
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Huang L, Zhang H, Xia W, Yao N, Xu R, He Y, Yang Q. Structural characteristics, biological activities and market applications of Rehmannia Radix polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136554. [PMID: 39423982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Rehmannia Radix Polysaccharides (RRPs) are biopolymers that are isolated and purified from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, which have attracted considerable attention because of their biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, hypoglycaemic etc. In this manuscript, the composition and structural characteristics of RRPs are reviewed. Moreover, the research progress on the conformational relationships and biological activities of RRPs is systematically summarized. Additionally, this manuscript also analyzes 155 patents using RRPs as the main raw materials to explore the status quo and bottleneck for the development and utilization of RRPs. In summary, this review not only provides a theoretical basis for future research on RRPs but also provides clear guidance for their market applications and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenrui Xia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Nairong Yao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiyue Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Shi Y, Hao D, Qian H, Tao Z. Natural killer cell-based cancer immunotherapy: from basics to clinical trials. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:101. [PMID: 39415291 PMCID: PMC11484118 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy exploits the capacity of the human immune system in self-protection and surveillance to achieve the anti-tumor effects. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of innate immune system and they display a unique inherent ability to identify and eliminate tumor cells. In this review, we first introduce the basic characteristics of NK cells in the physiological and pathological milieus, followed by a discussion of their effector function and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Clinical strategies and reports regarding NK cellular therapy are analyzed in the context of tumor treatment, especially against solid tumors. Given the widely studied T-cell therapy in the recent years, particularly the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, we compare the technical features of NK- and T-cell based tumor therapies at the clinical front. Finally, the technical challenges and potential solutions for both T and NK cell-based immunotherapies in treating tumor malignancies are delineated. By overviewing its clinical applications, we envision the NK-cell based immunotherapy as an up-and-comer in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Shi
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donglin Hao
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Jangid AK, Kim K. Phenylboronic acid-functionalized biomaterials for improved cancer immunotherapy via sialic acid targeting. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 333:103301. [PMID: 39260104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Phenylboronic acid (PBA) is recognized as one of the most promising cancer cell binding modules attributed to its potential to form reversible and dynamic boronic ester covalent bonds. Exploring the advanced chemical versatility of PBA is crucial for developing new anticancer therapeutics. The presence of a specific Lewis acidic boron atom-based functional group and a Π-ring-connected ring has garnered increasing interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy. PBA-derivatized functional biomaterials can form reversible bonds with diols containing cell surface markers and proteins. This review primarily focuses on the following topics: (1) the importance and versatility of PBA, (2) different PBA derivatives with pKa values, (3) specific key features of PBA-mediated biomaterials, and (4) cell surface activity for cancer immunotherapy applications. Specific key features of PBA-mediated materials, including sensing, bioadhesion, and gelation, along with important synthesis strategies, are highlighted. The utilization of PBA-mediated biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy, especially the role of PBA-based nanoparticles and PBA-mediated cell-based therapeutics, is also discussed. Finally, a perspective on future research based on PBA-biomaterials for immunotherapy applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Gandhi M, Sharma B, Nair S, Vaidya ADB. Current Insights into CAR T-Cell-Based Therapies for Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1757-1773. [PMID: 39187686 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are due to defective hematopoiesis in bone marrow characterized by cytopenia and dysplasia of blood cells, with a varying degree of risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Currently, the only potentially curative strategy is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Many patients are ineligible for HSCT, due to late diagnosis, presence of co-morbidities, old age and complications likely due to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). As a consequence, patients with MDS are often treated conservatively with blood transfusions, chemotherapy, immunotherapy etc. based on the grade and manifestations of MDS. The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy for hematological malignancies, as evidenced by a large body of literature. However, resistance and toxicity associated with it are also a challenge. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies for immunological and hematopoetic management of MDS. Herein, we discuss current limitations of CAR T-cell therapy and summarize novel approaches to mitigate this. Further, we discuss the in vivo activation of tumor-specific T cells, immune check inhibitors (ICI) and other approaches to normalize the bone marrow milieu for the management of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bhirisha Sharma
- University of Mumbai, Santa Cruz (East), Mumbai, 400055, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, 400022, India.
- Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, 400022, India.
| | - Ashok D B Vaidya
- Kasturba Health Society-Medical Research Centre, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
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Li W, Wang X, Zhang X, Aziz AUR, Wang D. CAR-NK Cell Therapy: A Transformative Approach to Overcoming Oncological Challenges. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1035. [PMID: 39199421 PMCID: PMC11352442 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in natural killer (NK) cells for cancer therapy is gaining momentum, marking a significant shift in cancer treatment. This review aims to explore the potential of CAR-NK cell therapy in cancer immunotherapy, providing a fresh perspective. It discusses the innovative approaches in CAR-NK cell design and engineering, particularly targeting refractory or recurrent cancers. By comparing CAR-NK cells with traditional therapies, the review highlights their unique ability to tackle tumor heterogeneity and immune system suppression. Additionally, it explains how novel cytokines and receptors can enhance CAR-NK cell efficacy, specificity, and functionality. This review underscores the advantages of CAR-NK cells, including reduced toxicity, lower cost, and broader accessibility compared to CAR-T cells, along with their potential in treating both blood cancers and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangshu Li
- China Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian 116012, China; (W.L.); (X.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- China Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian 116012, China; (W.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 151801, China;
| | - Aziz ur Rehman Aziz
- China Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian 116012, China; (W.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Daqing Wang
- China Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, Dalian 116012, China; (W.L.); (X.W.)
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10
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Zhang Y, Xie J, Wu H, Huang J, Zheng D, Wang S, Jia X, He Z, Gong Y, Ju L, Sun Q. NK cell based immunotherapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1440764. [PMID: 39192980 PMCID: PMC11347299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1440764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major subtype of head and neck cancers, presents significant challenges due to its aggressive feature and limited therapeutic efficacy of conventional treatments. In response to these challenges, Natural Killer (NK) cells, a vital component of the innate immune system, are being explored for their therapeutic potential in OSCC due to their inherent ability to target and eliminate cancer cells without prior sensitization. This review uniquely focuses on the evolving role of NK cells specifically in OSCC, incorporating recent advancements in CAR-NK cell engineering and personalized therapy approaches that have not been comprehensively covered in previous reviews. The mechanisms through which NK cells exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells include direct killing through the engagement of natural cytotoxic receptors and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), making them promising agents in cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, the article explores recent advancements in engineering NK cells to enhance their antitumor activity, such as the modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to target specific tumor antigens. Clinical implications of NK cell-based therapies, including the challenges of integrating these treatments with existing protocols and the potential for personalized therapy, are examined. The review highlights the promise of NK cell therapies in improving outcomes for OSCC patients and outlines future directions for research in this dynamic field of oncological immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Anyuan People’s hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhui Huang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danna Zheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaotong Wang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqiang Jia
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongzhong He
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linling Ju
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiurong Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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DeStefano S, Fertil D, Faust M, Sadtler K. Basic immunologic study as a foundation for engineered therapeutic development. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1168. [PMID: 38894611 PMCID: PMC11187943 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering and drug delivery technologies play an important role in bridging the gap between basic scientific discovery and clinical application of therapeutics. To identify the optimal treatment, the most critical stage is to diagnose the problem. Often these two may occur simultaneously or in parallel, but in this review, we focus on bottom-up approaches in understanding basic immunologic phenomena to develop targeted therapeutics. This can be observed in several fields; here, we will focus on one of the original immunotherapy targets-cancer-and one of the more recent targets-regenerative medicine. By understanding how our immune system responds in processes such as malignancies, wound healing, and medical device implantation, we can isolate therapeutic targets for pharmacologic and bioengineered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Daphna Fertil
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mondreakest Faust
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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12
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Yin X, Rong J, Shao M, Zhang S, Yin L, He Z, Wang X. Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs) for therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:243. [PMID: 38735927 PMCID: PMC11089756 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the deadliest cancers globally, making the search for more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches particularly crucial. Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs), an innovative nanotechnology, have paved new pathways for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Initially, we outline the epidemiological background of HCC and the current therapeutic challenges. Subsequently, we explore in detail how AFNs enhance diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency and reduce side effects through the specific targeting of HCC cells and the optimization of drug delivery. Furthermore, we address the challenges faced by AFNs in clinical applications and future research directions, with a particular focus on enhancing their biocompatibility and assessing long-term effects. In summary, AFNs represent an avant-garde therapeutic approach, opening new avenues and possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Rong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Saisai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Likang Yin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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13
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Lu Q, Kou D, Lou S, Ashrafizadeh M, Aref AR, Canadas I, Tian Y, Niu X, Wang Y, Torabian P, Wang L, Sethi G, Tergaonkar V, Tay F, Yuan Z, Han P. Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 38566199 PMCID: PMC10986145 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical delivery of immunomodulatory compounds. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising macrophages, fibroblasts, and immune cells, plays a crucial role in immune response modulation. Nanoparticles, engineered to reshape the TME, have shown promising results in enhancing immunotherapy by facilitating targeted delivery and immune modulation. These nanoparticles can suppress fibroblast activation, promote M1 macrophage polarization, aid dendritic cell maturation, and encourage T cell infiltration. Biomimetic nanoparticles further enhance immunotherapy by increasing the internalization of immunomodulatory agents in immune cells such as dendritic cells. Moreover, exosomes, whether naturally secreted by cells in the body or bioengineered, have been explored to regulate the TME and immune-related cells to affect cancer immunotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, activated by pH, redox, and light conditions, exhibit the potential to accelerate immunotherapy. The co-application of nanoparticles with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity. With their ability to induce long-term immunity, nanoarchitectures are promising structures in vaccine development. This review underscores the critical role of nanoparticles in overcoming current challenges and driving the advancement of cancer immunotherapy and TME modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dongquan Kou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenghan Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Israel Canadas
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, USA
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Pedram Torabian
- Cumming School of Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Franklin Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
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14
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Li M, Jiang H, Hu P, Shi J. Nanocatalytic Anti-Tumor Immune Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316606. [PMID: 38212843 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has brought a new dawn for human being to defeat cancer. Although existing immunotherapy regimens (CAR-T, etc.) have made breakthroughs in the treatments of hematological cancer and few solid tumors such as melanoma, the therapeutic efficacy on most solid tumors is still far from being satisfactory. In recent years, the researches on tumor immunotherapy based on nanocatalytic materials are under rapid development, and significant progresses have been made. Nanocatalytic medicine has been demonstrated to be capable of overcoming the limitations of current clinicnal treatments by using toxic chemodrugs, and exhibits highly attractive advantages over traditional therapies, such as the enhanced and sustained therapeutic efficacy based on the durable catalytic activity, remarkably reduced harmful side-effects without using traditional toxic chemodrugs, and so on. Most recently, nanocatalytic medicine has been introduced in the immune-regulation for disease treatments, especially, in the immunoactivation for tumor therapies. This article presents the most recent progresses in immune-response activations by nanocatalytic medicine-initiated chemical reactions for tumor immunotherapy, and elucidates the mechanism of nanocatalytic medicines in regulating anti-tumor immunity. By reviewing the current research progress in the emerging field, this review will further highlight the great potential and broad prospects of nanocatalysis-based anti-tumor immune-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Li
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P R. China
| | - Han Jiang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine, Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P R. China
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15
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Saranchova I, Xia CW, Besoiu S, Finkel PL, Ellis SLS, Kari S, Munro L, Pfeifer CG, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Jefferies WA. A novel type-2 innate lymphoid cell-based immunotherapy for cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1317522. [PMID: 38524132 PMCID: PMC10958781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1317522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-based cancer immunotherapy has achieved significant advancements, providing a source of hope for cancer patients. Notwithstanding the considerable progress in cell-based immunotherapy, the persistently low response rates and the exorbitant costs associated with their implementation still present a formidable challenge in clinical settings. In the landscape of cell-based cancer immunotherapies, an uncharted territory involves Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) which promotes ILC2 functionality, recognized for their inherent ability to enhance immune responses. Recent discoveries regarding their role in actuating cytolytic T lymphocyte responses, including curbing tumor growth rates and hindering metastasis, have added a new dimension to our understanding of the IL-33/ILC2 axis. These recent insights may hold significant promise for ILC2 cell-based immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the prospect of adoptively transferring ILC2s to confer immune protection against tumors has yet to be investigated. The present study addresses this hypothesis, revealing that ILC2s isolated from the lungs of tumor-bearing mice, and tumor infiltrating ILC2s when adoptively transferred after tumor establishment at a ratio of one ILC2 per sixty tumor cells, leads to an influx of tumor infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as tumor infiltrating eosinophils resulting in a remarkable reduction in tumor growth. Moreover, we find that post-adoptive transfer of ILC2s, the number of tumor infiltrating ILC2s is inversely proportional to tumor size. Finally, we find corollaries of the IL-33/ILC2 axis enhancing the infiltration of eosinophils in human prostate carcinomas patients' expressing high levels of IL-33 versus those expressing low levels of IL-33. Our results underscore the heightened efficacy of adoptively transferred ILC2s compared to alternative approaches, revealing an approximately one hundred fifty-fold superiority on a cell-per-cell basis over CAR T-cells in the specific targeting and elimination of tumors within the same experimental model. Overall, this study demonstrates the functional significance of ILC2s in cancer immunosurveillance and provides the proof of concept of the potential utility of ILC2 cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Saranchova
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clara Wenjing Xia
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Besoiu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pablo L. Finkel
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samantha L. S. Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suresh Kari
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lonna Munro
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl G. Pfeifer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin E. Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wilfred A. Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Maia A, Tarannum M, Lérias JR, Piccinelli S, Borrego LM, Maeurer M, Romee R, Castillo-Martin M. Building a Better Defense: Expanding and Improving Natural Killer Cells for Adoptive Cell Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:451. [PMID: 38474415 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have gained attention as a promising adoptive cell therapy platform for their potential to improve cancer treatments. NK cells offer distinct advantages over T-cells, including major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-independent tumor recognition and low risk of toxicity, even in an allogeneic setting. Despite this tremendous potential, challenges persist, such as limited in vivo persistence, reduced tumor infiltration, and low absolute NK cell numbers. This review outlines several strategies aiming to overcome these challenges. The developed strategies include optimizing NK cell expansion methods and improving NK cell antitumor responses by cytokine stimulation and genetic manipulations. Using K562 cells expressing membrane IL-15 or IL-21 with or without additional activating ligands like 4-1BBL allows "massive" NK cell expansion and makes multiple cell dosing and "off-the-shelf" efforts feasible. Further improvements in NK cell function can be reached by inducing memory-like NK cells, developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells, or isolating NK-cell-based tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Memory-like NK cells demonstrate higher in vivo persistence and cytotoxicity, with early clinical trials demonstrating safety and promising efficacy. Recent trials using CAR-NK cells have also demonstrated a lack of any major toxicity, including cytokine release syndrome, and, yet, promising clinical activity. Recent data support that the presence of TIL-NK cells is associated with improved overall patient survival in different types of solid tumors such as head and neck, colorectal, breast, and gastric carcinomas, among the most significant. In conclusion, this review presents insights into the diverse strategies available for NK cell expansion, including the roles played by various cytokines, feeder cells, and culture material in influencing the activation phenotype, telomere length, and cytotoxic potential of expanded NK cells. Notably, genetically modified K562 cells have demonstrated significant efficacy in promoting NK cell expansion. Furthermore, culturing NK cells with IL-2 and IL-15 has been shown to improve expansion rates, while the presence of IL-12 and IL-21 has been linked to enhanced cytotoxic function. Overall, this review provides an overview of NK cell expansion methodologies, highlighting the current landscape of clinical trials and the key advancements to enhance NK-cell-based adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Maia
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- NK Cell Gene Manipulation and Therapy Laboratory, Division of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplant, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mubin Tarannum
- NK Cell Gene Manipulation and Therapy Laboratory, Division of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplant, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoTherapy/ImmunoSurgery, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Piccinelli
- NK Cell Gene Manipulation and Therapy Laboratory, Division of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplant, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luis Miguel Borrego
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), NOVA University of Lisbon, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
- Immunoallergy Department, Hospital da Luz, 1600-209 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoTherapy/ImmunoSurgery, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- I Medical Clinic, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rizwan Romee
- NK Cell Gene Manipulation and Therapy Laboratory, Division of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplant, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Pathology Service, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Zheng W, Ling S, Cao Y, Shao C, Sun X. Combined use of NK cells and radiotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1306534. [PMID: 38264648 PMCID: PMC10803658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes possessing potent tumor surveillance and elimination activity. Increasing attention is being focused on the role of NK cells in integral antitumor strategies (especially immunotherapy). Of note, therapeutic efficacy is considerable dependent on two parameters: the infiltration and cytotoxicity of NK cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), both of which are impaired by several obstacles (e.g., chemokines, hypoxia). Strategies to overcome such barriers are needed. Radiotherapy is a conventional modality employed to cure solid tumors. Recent studies suggest that radiotherapy not only damages tumor cells directly, but also enhances tumor recognition by immune cells through altering molecular expression of tumor or immune cells via the in situ or abscopal effect. Thus, radiotherapy may rebuild a NK cells-favored TME, and thus provide a cost-effective approach to improve the infiltration of NK cells into solid tumors, as well as elevate immune-activity. Moreover, the radioresistance of tumor always hampers the response to radiotherapy. Noteworthy, the puissant cytotoxic activity of NK cells not only kills tumor cells directly, but also increases the response of tumors to radiation via activating several radiosensitization pathways. Herein, we review the mechanisms by which NK cells and radiotherapy mutually promote their killing function against solid malignancies. We also discuss potential strategies harnessing such features in combined anticancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sunkai Ling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuandong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institution of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Jiang H, Jiang J. Balancing act: the complex role of NK cells in immune regulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275028. [PMID: 38022497 PMCID: PMC10652757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as fundamental components of innate immunity, can quickly react to abnormalities within the body. In-depth research has revealed that NK cells possess regulatory functions not only in innate immunity but also in adaptive immunity under various conditions. Multiple aspects of the adaptive immune process are regulated through NK cells. In our review, we have integrated multiple studies to illuminate the regulatory function of NK cells in regulating B cell and T cell responses during adaptive immune processes, focusing on aspects including viral infections and the tumor microenvironment (TME). These insights provide us with many new understandings on how NK cells regulate different phases of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Li W, Wu H, Xu J. Construction of a genomic instability-derived predictive prognostic signature for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Genet 2023; 278-279:24-37. [PMID: 37579716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic instability (GI) is an effective prognostic marker of cancer. Thus, in this work, we aimed to explore the impact of GI derived signature on prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using bioinformatics methods. METHODS The data of NSCLC patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Totally 1794 immune related genes were downloaded from immport database. The optimal prognosis related genes were identified by univariate and LASSO Cox analyses. The risk score model was built to predict the NSCLC patients' prognosis. The immune cell infiltration was analyzed in CIBERSORT. RESULTS The 951 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the genomic stability (GS) and GI groups were enriched in 862 Gene ontology terms and 32 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Based on the 13 optimal genes, a prognostic risk score mode for NSCLC was established, and the high-risk patients exhibited worse overall survival. Moreover, the nomogram could reliably predict the clinical outcomes. The immune cell infiltration and checkpoints were significantly differential between the two groups (high-risk and low-risk). CONCLUSION The GI related 13-gene signature (TMPRSS11E, TNNC2, HLF, FOXM1, PKMYT1, TCN1, RGS20, SYT8, CD1B, LY6K, MFSD4A, KLRG2 APCDD1L) could reliably predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224006, China
| | - Huaman Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong First People's Hospital, Ziliujing District, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224006, China.
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20
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Gingrich AA, Razmara AM, Gingrich PW, Rebhun RB, Murphy WJ, Kent MS, Brown CT, Siegel JB, Canter RJ. Missing a "Missing Self" Mechanism: Modeling and Detection of Ly49 Expression in Canine NK Cells. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:760-770. [PMID: 37971282 PMCID: PMC10696421 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are a key focus in immuno-oncology, based on their ability to eliminate malignant cells without prior sensitization. Dogs are valuable models for translational immunotherapy studies, especially for NK cells, where critical species differences exist between mice and humans. Given that the mechanism for recognition of "self" by canine NK cells is currently unknown, we sought to evaluate expression of Ly49 in canine NK cells using in silico and high-throughput techniques. We interrogated the identified polymorphism/mutation in canine Ly49 and assessed the potential impact on structure using computational modeling of three-dimensional protein structure and protein-protein docking of canine Ly49 with MHC class I (MHC-I). Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to detect gene expression of Ly49/KLRA1 in resting and activated NK cells. Tertiary protein structure demonstrated significant structural similarity to the known murine system. Molecular docking of canine Ly49 with MHC-I was favorable, converging at a single low-energy conformation. RNA sequencing revealed expression of Ly49/KLRA1 in both resting and activated NK cells and demonstrated almost exclusive expression of the gene in the NK cluster at the single-cell level. Despite prior reports of a mutated, nonfunctional canine Ly49, our data support that the protein product is predicted to bind to MHC-I in a comparable conformation to the murine system and is expressed in canine NK cells with upregulation following activation. Taken together, these data suggest that Ly49 is capable of recognizing MHC-I and therefore regulating NK cell function in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A. Gingrich
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Aryana M. Razmara
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Phillip W. Gingrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Robert B. Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - C. Titus Brown
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Justin B. Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Robert J. Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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Zhou Y, Li L, Zhou D, Yu Z, Gu X, Ren Y, Liao Y, Pan R, Li Q, Zhu Y, Cui Y. Natural killer cells contribute to 'hot' tumor regression in the allergic inflammatory environment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110760. [PMID: 37549516 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic immune status influences the elimination of tumor cells. However, it remains unclear how chronic inflammation in allergic diseases affects the tumor microenvironment and tumorigenesis. To investigate tumor progression in a state of heightened allergic inflammation, we established a mouse model of allergic inflammation. We used house dust mite extract to induce a hyper-reactive systemic immune response. Additionally, we subcutaneously inoculated two types of cancer cells (CT26 and 4T1 tumors). We conducted immune profiling of the ex-vivo tumor mass using multicolor flow cytometry staining and performed dynamic analysis of peripheral cytokines to explore the significant relationship between the development of allergic inflammation and tumorigenesis. We found that mice in a state of allergic inflammation were more susceptible to developing tumors. Interestingly, the growth of T cell-inflamed was inhibited in the allergic state, while growth of non-T cell-inflamed was promoted. Further research revealed that natural killer (NK) cells with enhanced tumor-killing or immune-regulating abilities were more active in " hot " tumors. Inhibiting NK cell activity can partially alleviate the impact of allergic inflammation on tumor growth. In summary, our results suggest that NK cells play significant role in suppressing tumor growth in an allergic inflammation mouse model. This phenomenon seems to be closely linked to both the inherent characteristics of the tumor and its interaction with the immune system. The innate immune system can be mobilized to synergize with the adaptive immune system to inhibit tumor growth, which opens a new way for a tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Yu
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Yaning Ren
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Yuanfen Liao
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Ruilin Pan
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yubao Cui
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China.
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22
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Zheng Y, Lai Z, Wang B, Wei Z, Zeng Y, Zhuang Q, Liu X, Lin K. Natural killer cells modified with a Gpc3 aptamer enhance adoptive immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:164. [PMID: 37665421 PMCID: PMC10477160 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural killer cells can attack cancer cells without prior sensitization, but their clinical benefit is limited owing to their poor selectivity that is caused by the lack of specific receptors to target tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to endow NK cells with the ability to specifically target glypican-3+ tumor cells without producing cell damage or genetic alterations, and further evaluated their therapeutic efficiency. METHODS NK cells were modified with a Gpc3 DNA aptamer on the cell surface via metabolic glycoengineering to endow NK cells with specific targeting ability. Then, the G-NK cells were evaluated for their specific targeting properties, cytotoxicity and secretion of cytokines in vitro. Finally, we investigated the therapeutic efficiency of G-NK cells against glypican-3+ tumor cells in vivo. RESULTS Compared with NK cells modified with a random aptamer mutation and unmodified NK cells, G-NK cells induced significant apoptosis/necrosis of GPC3+ tumor cells and secreted cytokines to preserve the intense cytotoxic activities. Moreover, G-NK cells significantly suppressed tumor growth in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice due to the enhanced enrichment of G-NK cells at the tumor site. CONCLUSIONS The proposed strategy endows NK cells with a tumor-specific targeting ability to enhance adoptive therapeutic efficiency in GPC3+ hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshi Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisen Lai
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuwu Wei
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Zhuang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kecan Lin
- Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Hatami Z, Hashemi ZS, Eftekhary M, Amiri A, Karpisheh V, Nasrollahi K, Jafari R. Natural killer cell-derived exosomes for cancer immunotherapy: innovative therapeutics art. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:157. [PMID: 37543612 PMCID: PMC10403883 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells (CAR-NK) promote off-the-shelf cellular therapy for solid tumors and malignancy.However,, the development of CAR-NK is due to their immune surveillance uncertainty and cytotoxicity challenge was restricted. Natural killer cell-derived exosome (NK-Exo) combine crucial targeted cellular therapies of NK cell therapies with unique non-toxic Exo as a self-origin shuttle against cancer immunotherapy. This review study covers cytokines, adoptive (autologous and allogenic) NK immunotherapy, stimulatory and regulatory functions, and cell-free derivatives from NK cells. The future path of NK-Exo cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity with considering non-caspase-independent/dependent apoptosis and Fas/FasL pathway in cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the significance and implication of NK-Exo therapeutics through combination therapy and the development of emerging approaches for the purification and delivery NK-Exo to severe immune and tumor cells and tissues were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hatami
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Eftekhary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kaveh Nasrollahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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24
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Shang QN, Yu XX, Xu ZL, Chen YH, Han TT, Zhang YY, Lv M, Sun YQ, Wang Y, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Zhao XY, Huang XJ. Expanded clinical-grade NK cells exhibit stronger effects than primary NK cells against HCMV infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:895-907. [PMID: 37291236 PMCID: PMC10387476 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation remains a common complication and leads to high mortality in patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Early natural killer (NK) cell reconstitution may protect against the development of human CMV (HCMV) infection post-HSCT. Our previous data showed that ex vivo mbIL21/4-1BBL-expanded NK cells exhibited high cytotoxicity against leukemia cells. Nevertheless, whether expanded NK cells have stronger anti-HCMV function is unknown. Herein, we compared the anti-HCMV functions of ex vivo expanded NK cells and primary NK cells. Expanded NK cells showed higher expression of activating receptors, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules; stronger cytotoxicity against HCMV-infected fibroblasts; and better inhibition of HCMV propagation in vitro than primary NK cells. In HCMV-infected humanized mice, expanded NK cell infusion resulted in higher NK cell persistence and more effective tissue HCMV elimination than primary NK cell infusion. A clinical cohort of 20 post-HSCT patients who underwent adoptive NK cell infusion had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of HCMV infection (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32-0.93, p = 0.042) and refractory HCMV infection (HR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.18-0.65, p = 0.009) than controls and better NK cell reconstitution on day 30 post NK cell infusion. In conclusion, expanded NK cells exhibit stronger effects than primary NK cells against HCMV infection both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Shang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Xing Yu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Li Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qian Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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25
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Einloth KR, Gayfield S, McMaster T, Didier A, Dworkin L, Creeden JF. The application, safety, and future of ex vivo immune cell therapies and prognosis in different malignancies. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:439-455. [PMID: 38022382 PMCID: PMC10676524 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Immunotherapy has revolutionized how cancer is treated. Many of these immunotherapies rely on ex vivo expansion of immune cells, classically T cells. Still, several immunological obstacles remain, including tumor impermeability by immune cells and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Logistically, high costs of treatment and variable clinical responses have also plagued traditional T cell-based immunotherapies. Methods To review the existing literature on cellular immunotherapy, the PubMed database was searched for publications using variations of the phrases "cancer immunotherapy", "ex vivo expansion", and "adoptive cell therapy". The Clinicaltrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to ex vivo cellular therapies using the same phrases. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for cancer treatment were also referenced. Results To circumvent the challenges of traditional T cell-based immunotherapies, researchers have developed newer therapies including tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cell, and antibody-armed T cell therapies. Additionally, newer immunotherapeutic strategies have used other immune cells, including natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells (DC), to modulate the T cell immune response to cancers. From a prognostic perspective, circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been used to predict cancer morbidity and mortality. Conclusion This review highlights the mechanism and clinical utility of various types of ex vivo cellular therapies in the treatment of cancer. Comparing these therapies or using them in combination may lead to more individualized and less toxic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn R. Einloth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Scott Gayfield
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Thomas McMaster
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Alexander Didier
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Justin Fortune Creeden
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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Kong X, Gao P, Wang J, Fang Y, Hwang KC. Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:74. [PMID: 37452423 PMCID: PMC10347767 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage detection of a cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It is imperative to develop novel and more sensitive and effective diagnosis and therapeutic methods for cancer treatments. The development of new cancer treatments has become a crucial aspect of medical advancements. Nanobots, as one of the most promising applications of nanomedicines, are at the forefront of multidisciplinary research. With the progress of nanotechnology, nanobots enable the assembly and deployment of functional molecular/nanosized machines and are increasingly being utilized in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. In recent years, various practical applications of nanobots for cancer treatments have transitioned from theory to practice, from in vitro experiments to in vivo applications. In this paper, we review and analyze the recent advancements of nanobots in cancer treatments, with a particular emphasis on their key fundamental features and their applications in drug delivery, tumor sensing and diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive surgery, and other comprehensive treatments. At the same time, we discuss the challenges and the potential research opportunities for nanobots in revolutionizing cancer treatments. In the future, medical nanobots are expected to become more sophisticated and capable of performing multiple medical functions and tasks, ultimately becoming true nanosubmarines in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC.
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Shi Y, Huang J, Hu Y, Shen Y. Multiomics data analyses to identify SLC25A17 as a novel biomarker to predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:269. [PMID: 37386359 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the predictive value of SLC25A17 in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to provide ideas for individual clinical treatment. METHODS A pancancer analysis of the differential expression of SLC25A17 among different tumors was first conducted via the TIMER 2.0 database. Subsequently, the expression of SLC25A17 and related clinical information of HNSCC patients were obtained from the TCGA database, and patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of SLC25A17 expression. K‒M survival analysis was conducted to compare the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between the groups. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the distribution of SLC25A17 in different clinical characteristics, and univariate Cox and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to analyze independent prognostic factors to establish a predictive nomogram. Calibration curves were generated to verify the reliability of predicting 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates and another cohort (GSE65858) was used for external validation. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to compare the enriched pathways, and the immune microenvironment was assessed using the CIBERSORT and estimate packages. Furthermore, the expression levels of SLC25A17 in immune cells were also analyzed with single-cell RNA-seq via the TISCH. Moreover, the immunotherapeutic response and chemotherapy drug sensitivity were compared between the two groups to guide precise treatment. The TIDE database was applied to predict the possibility of immune escape in the TCGA-HNSC cohort. RESULTS Compared with normal samples, the expression of SLC25A17 was much higher in HNSCC tumor samples. For patients with high SLC25A17 expression, the OS and PFS were shorter than those with low SLC25A17 expression, indicating a worse prognosis. The expression of SLC25A17 varied in different clinical features. Univariate Cox and multivariate COX analyses showed that SLC25A17, age, and lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic risk factors for HNSCC, and the survival prediction model based on these factors had reliable predictive value. Patients in the low-expression group exhibited more immune cell infiltration, higher TME scores, higher IPS scores and lower TIDE scores than those in the high-expression groups, suggesting better immunotherapeutic response with lower SLC25A17 expression. Moreover, patients in the high-expression group were more sensitive to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS SLC25A17 can effectively predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients and could be a precise individual-targeted indicator for the treatment of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juntao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China.
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28
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Kim D, Jo S, Lee D, Kim SM, Seok JM, Yeo SJ, Lee JH, Lee JJ, Lee K, Kim TD, Park SA. NK cells encapsulated in micro/macropore-forming hydrogels via 3D bioprinting for tumor immunotherapy. Biomater Res 2023; 27:60. [PMID: 37349810 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients face a serious threat if a solid tumor leaves behind partial residuals or cannot be completely removed after surgical resection. Immunotherapy has attracted attention as a method to prevent this condition. However, the conventional immunotherapy method targeting solid tumors, that is, intravenous injection, has limitations in homing in on the tumor and in vivo expansion and has not shown effective clinical results. METHOD To overcome these limitations, NK cells (Natural killer cells) were encapsulated in micro/macropore-forming hydrogels using 3D bioprinting to target solid tumors. Sodium alginate and gelatin were used to prepare micro-macroporous hydrogels. The gelatin contained in the alginate hydrogel was removed because of the thermal sensitivity of the gelatin, which can generate interconnected micropores where the gelatin was released. Therefore, macropores can be formed through bioprinting and micropores can be formed using thermally sensitive gelatin to make macroporous hydrogels. RESULTS It was confirmed that intentionally formed micropores could help NK cells to aggregate easily, which enhances cell viability, lysis activity, and cytokine release. Macropores can be formed using 3D bioprinting, which enables NK cells to receive the essential elements. We also characterized the functionality of NK 92 and zEGFR-CAR-NK cells in the pore-forming hydrogel. The antitumor effects on leukemia and solid tumors were investigated using an in vitro model. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the hydrogel encapsulating NK cells created an appropriate micro-macro environment for clinical applications of NK cell therapy for both leukemia and solid tumors via 3D bioprinting. 3D bioprinting makes macro-scale clinical applications possible, and the automatic process shows potential for development as an off-the-shelf immunotherapy product. This immunotherapy system could provide a clinical option for preventing tumor relapse and metastasis after tumor resection. Micro/macropore-forming hydrogel with NK cells fabricated by 3D bioprinting and implanted into the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Kim
- Nano Convergence & Manufacturing Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seona Jo
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Nano Convergence & Manufacturing Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Seok
- Nano Convergence & Manufacturing Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ju Yeo
- Nano Convergence & Manufacturing Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Nano Convergence & Manufacturing Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jong Lee
- Nano Convergence & Manufacturing Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su A Park
- Nano Convergence & Manufacturing Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea.
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Jangid AK, Kim S, Kim K. Polymeric biomaterial-inspired cell surface modulation for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics. Biomater Res 2023; 27:59. [PMID: 37344853 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell-based therapies are a rapidly emerging class of new medicines that directly treat and prevent targeted cancer. However multiple biological barriers impede the activity of live immune cells, and therefore necessitate the use of surface-modified immune cells for cancer prevention. Synthetic and/or natural biomaterials represent the leading approach for immune cell surface modulation. Different types of biomaterials can be applied to cell surface membranes through hydrophobic insertion, layer-by-layer attachment, and covalent conjugations to acquire surface modification in mammalian cells. These biomaterials generate reciprocity to enable cell-cell interactions. In this review, we highlight the different biomaterials (lipidic and polymeric)-based advanced applications for cell-surface modulation, a few cell recognition moieties, and how their interplay in cell-cell interaction. We discuss the cancer-killing efficacy of NK cells, followed by their surface engineering for cancer treatment. Ultimately, this review connects biomaterials and biologically active NK cells that play key roles in cancer immunotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim SH, Kim MJ, Lim M, Kim J, Kim H, Yun CK, Yoo YJ, Lee Y, Min K, Choi YS. Enhancement of the Anticancer Ability of Natural Killer Cells through Allogeneic Mitochondrial Transfer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3225. [PMID: 37370835 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vitro culture period of at least 2 weeks is required to produce sufficient natural killer (NK) cells for immunotherapy, which are the key effectors in hematological malignancy treatment. Mitochondrial damage and fragmentation reduce the NK cell immune surveillance capacity. Thus, we hypothesized that the transfer of healthy mitochondria to NK cells could enhance their anticancer effects. Allogeneic healthy mitochondria isolated from WRL-68 cells were transferred to NK cells. We evaluated NK cells' proliferative capacity, cell cycle, and cytotoxic capacity against various cancer cell types by analyzing specific lysis and the cytotoxic granules released. The relationship between the transferred allogenic mitochondrial residues and NK cell function was determined. After mitochondrial transfer, the NK cell proliferation rate was 1.2-fold higher than that of control cells. The mitochondria-treated NK cells secreted a 2.7-, 4.1-, and 5-fold higher amount of granzyme B, perforin, and IFN-γ, respectively, when co-cultured with K562 cells. The specific lysis of various solid cancer cells increased 1.3-1.6-fold. However, once allogeneic mitochondria were eliminated, the NK cell activity returned to the pre-mitochondrial transfer level. Mitochondria-enriched NK cells have the potential to be used as a novel solid cancer treatment agent, without the need for in vitro cytokine-induced culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Research & Development Division, Humancellbio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chang-Koo Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Joo Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Lee
- Research & Development Division, Humancellbio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Min
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
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Koh EK, Lee HR, Son WC, Park GY, Bae J, Park YS. Antitumor effects of NK cells expanded by activation pre‑processing of autologous feeder cells before irradiation in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:232. [PMID: 37153058 PMCID: PMC10157612 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in early immune defenses against transformed cells and are used in the therapeutic management of cancer. However, it is difficult to sufficiently obtain high purity activated NK cells for clinical application. The function of NK cells is dependent on the balance of activating and inhibitory signals. Strong and diverse stimuli are required to increase the function of NK cells. Radiotherapy modulates the expression of various immunomodulatory molecules that recruit and activate NK cells. NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is one of the most potent cytotoxic effects of NK cells against target cancer cells. To generate activated and irradiated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cytokine and monoclonal antibody stimulation followed by ionizing radiation was performed in the present study. The expanded NK cells were cultured for 21 days using activated/irradiated autologous PBMCs. Colorectal cancer cells (SW480 and HT-29) were used to analyze the expression of NK group 2D ligands and EGFR by radiation. The cytotoxicity of radiation plus NK cell-based targeted therapy against colorectal cancer cell lines was analyzed using flow cytometry. Activated and irradiated PBMCs exhibited significantly increased expression of various activating ligands that stimulated NK cells. In total, >10,000-fold high-purity activated NK cells were obtained, with negligible T-cell contamination. To confirm the antitumor activity of the NK cells expanded by this method, the expanded NK cells were treated with cetuximab, radiotherapy, or a combination of cetuximab and radiotherapy in the presence of human colorectal cancer cells. Expanded NK cells were effective at targeting human colorectal cancer cells, particularly when combined with cetuximab and radiotherapy. Thus, in the present study, a novel method for high-purity activated NK cell expansion was developed using activated and irradiated PBMCs. In addition, combined radiotherapy and antibody-based immunotherapy with expanded NK cells may be an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of treatment against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Koh
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Lee
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Son
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Professor Jaeho Bae, Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
| | - You-Soo Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence to: Dr You-Soo Park, Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
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Li N, Jia X, Wang Z, Wang K, Qu Z, Chi D, Sun Z, Jiang J, Cui Y, Wang C. Characterization of anoikis-based molecular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and its association with tumor immune microenvironment and metabolic remodeling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1153909. [PMID: 37234801 PMCID: PMC10206226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1153909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that anoikis plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer (PC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs); nevertheless, the prognostic value and molecular characteristics of anoikis in cancers are yet to be determined. Materials and methods We gathered and collated the multi-omics data of several human malignancies using the TCGA pan-cancer cohorts. We thoroughly investigated the genomics and transcriptomics features of anoikis in pan-cancer. We then categorized a total of 930 patients with PC and 226 patients with PNETs into distinct clusters based on the anoikis scores computed through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. We then delved deeper into the variations in drug sensitivity and immunological microenvironment between the various clusters. We constructed and validated a prognostic model founded on anoikis-related genes (ARGs). Finally, we conducted PCR experiments to explore and verify the expression levels of the model genes. Results Initially, we identified 40 differentially expressed anoikis-related genes (DE-ARGs) between pancreatic cancer (PC) and adjacent normal tissues based on the TCGA, GSE28735, and GSE62452 datasets. We systematically explored the pan-cancer landscape of DE-ARGs. Most DE-ARGs also displayed differential expression trends in various tumors, which were strongly linked to favorable or unfavorable prognoses of patients with cancer, especially PC. Cluster analysis successfully identified three anoikis-associated subtypes for PC patients and two anoikis-associated subtypes for PNETs patients. The C1 subtype of PC patients showed a higher anoikis score, poorer prognosis, elevated expression of oncogenes, and lower level of immune cell infiltration, whereas the C2 subtype of PC patients had the exact opposite characteristics. We developed and validated a novel and accurate prognostic model for PC patients based on the expression traits of 13 DE-ARGs. In both training and test cohorts, the low-risk subpopulations had significantly longer overall survival than the high-risk subpopulations. Dysregulation of the tumor immune microenvironment could be responsible for the differences in clinical outcomes between low- and high-risk groups. Conclusions These findings provide fresh insights into the significance of anoikis in PC and PNETs. The identification of subtypes and construction of models have accelerated the progress of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of General Surgery, Wafangdian Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingqing Jia
- Department of Digestive, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wafangdian Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zumin Qu
- Department of Pathology, Wafangdian Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Chi
- Department of General Surgery, Wafangdian Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhubo Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Wafangdian Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yougang Cui
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Changmiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Li YR, Dunn ZS, Yu Y, Li M, Wang P, Yang L. Advancing cell-based cancer immunotherapy through stem cell engineering. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:592-610. [PMID: 36948187 PMCID: PMC10164150 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cell-based therapy, particularly CAR-T cell therapy, have transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies. Although an important step forward for the field, autologous CAR-T therapies are hindered by high costs, manufacturing challenges, and limited efficacy against solid tumors. With ongoing progress in gene editing and culture techniques, engineered stem cells and their application in cell therapy are poised to address some of these challenges. Here, we review stem cell-based immunotherapy approaches, stem cell sources, gene engineering and manufacturing strategies, therapeutic platforms, and clinical trials, as well as challenges and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Li Y, Xie S, Chen M, Li H, Wang Y, Fan Y, An K, Wu Y, Xiao W. Development of an antibody-ligand fusion protein scFvCD16A -sc4-1BBL in Komagataella phaffii with stimulatory activity for Natural Killer cells. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:67. [PMID: 37041591 PMCID: PMC10091686 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies have demonstrated substantial potential for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, its application is limited due to the difficulty in the production of a large number of NK cells in vitro and the insufficient therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors in vivo. Engineered antibodies or fusion proteins targeting activating receptors and costimulatory molecules of NK cells have been developed to encounter these problems. They are mostly produced in mammalian cells with high cost and long processing times. Yeast systems, such as Komagataella phaffii, present a convenient manipulation of microbial systems with the key advantages of improved folding machinery and low cost. RESULTS In this study, we designed an antibody fusion protein scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL, composed of the single chain variant fragment (scFv) of anti-CD16A antibody and the three extracellular domains (ECDs) of human 4-1BBL in a single-chain format (sc) with the GS linker, aiming to boost NK cell proliferation and activation. This protein complex was produced in the K. phaffii X33 system and purified by affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL complex showed comparable binding abilities to its two targets human CD16A and 4-1BB as its two parental moieties (scFvCD16A and monomer ECD (mn)4-1BBL). scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL specifically stimulated the expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived NK cells in vitro. Furthermore, in the ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model, adoptive NK cell infusion combined with intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL further reduced the tumor burden and prolonged the survival time of mice. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of the expression of the antibody fusion protein scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL in K. phaffii with favourable properties. scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL stimulates PBMC-derived NK cell expansion in vitro and improves the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred NK cells in a murine model of ovarian cancer and may serve as a synergistic drug for NK immunotherapy in future research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Siqi Xie
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Minhua Chen
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yehai Wang
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Kang An
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
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Du M, Li Y, Gu H, Gao M, Xu H, Zhong W, Liu X, Zhong X. Assessment of the risk of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion based on the proportion and correlation of NK cells and T cells in peripheral blood. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:97-109. [PMID: 37038785 DOI: 10.3233/thc-236010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is difficult to diagnose and treat clinically due to its unknown causeOBJECTIVE: Changes in natural killer (NK) cells, T lymphocytes, and Th1(IFNγ)/Th2(IL-4) cytokines were investigated in the peripheral blood of patients with URSA to examine the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and inform potential treatment strategies for this condition. METHODS For this study, we selected patients with URSA as the case group and included normal women in the control group. Flow cytometry was performed to detect lymphocytes and cytokines in the peripheral blood of all subjects. RESULTS The proportion of NK cells, Th1 cells, and the Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly higher in the URSA group compared to the control group; whereas the proportion of CD3+T cells was lower. Pairwise correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the percentage of NK cells and CD3+T cells, as well as CD3+CD4+T cells. Canonical correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between NK cells and T cells, including their subgroups. CONCLUSION Patients with URSA have immune balance disorders, characterised by an increased proportion of peripheral blood NK cells, Th1, and Th1/Th2 ratio along with a decreased proportion of CD3+T cells. The proportion of NK cells and CD3+T may serve as predictive factors for URSA, while NK cells are closely related to the regulation of CD3+T cells and their subsets. By regulating the level of IFN-γ, NK cells can influence the proportion of CD3+T cells and induce a Th1 (IFNγ)/Th2 (IL-4) imbalance.
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Quraish RU, Hirahata T, Quraish AU, ul Quraish S. An Overview: Genetic Tumor Markers for Early Detection and Current Gene Therapy Strategies. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351221150772. [PMID: 36762284 PMCID: PMC9903029 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221150772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is considered a fundamental factor involved in any neoplastic disease. Consequently, the genetically unstable cells contribute to intratumoral genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity of cancer. These genetic alterations can be detected by several diagnostic techniques of molecular biology and the detection of alteration in genomic integrity may serve as reliable genetic molecular markers for the early detection of cancer or cancer-related abnormal changes in the body cells. These genetic molecular markers can detect cancer earlier than any other method of cancer diagnosis, once a tumor is diagnosed, then replacement or therapeutic manipulation of these cancer-related abnormal genetic changes can be possible, which leads toward effective and target-specific cancer treatment and in many cases, personalized treatment of cancer could be performed without the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we describe how these genetic molecular markers can be detected and the possible ways for the application of this gene diagnosis for gene therapy that can attack cancerous cells, directly or indirectly, which lead to overall improved management and quality of life for a cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuyuki Hirahata
- Tetsuyuki Hirahata, Hirahata Gene Therapy Laboratory, HIC Clinic #1105, Itocia Office Tower 11F, 2-7-1, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan.
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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the suppressive effect of PPP1R15A inhibitor Sephin1 in antitumor immunity. iScience 2023; 26:105954. [PMID: 36718369 PMCID: PMC9883195 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A (PPP1R15A) is an important factor in the integrated stress response (ISR) in mammals and may play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. In our studies, we found an inhibitor of PPP1R15A, Sephin1, plays a protumorigenic role in mouse tumor models. By analyzing the single-cell transcriptome data of the mouse tumor models, we found that in C57BL/6 mice, Sephin1 treatment could lead to higher levels of ISR activity and lower levels of antitumor immune activities. Specifically, Sephin1 treatment caused reductions in antitumor immune cell types and lower expression levels of cytotoxicity-related genes. In addition, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis demonstrated that the clonal expansion of tumor-specific T cells was inhibited by Sephin1. A special TCR + macrophage subtype in tumor was identified to be significantly depleted upon Sephin1 treatment, implying its key antitumor role. These results suggest that PPP1R15A has the potential to be an effective target for tumor therapy.
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Ghaedrahmati F, Esmaeil N, Abbaspour M. Targeting immune checkpoints: how to use natural killer cells for fighting against solid tumors. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 43:177-213. [PMID: 36585761 PMCID: PMC9926962 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are unique innate immune cells that mediate anti-viral and anti-tumor responses. Thus, they might hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. NK cell adoptive immunotherapy in humans has shown modest efficacy. In particular, it has failed to demonstrate therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of solid tumors, possibly due in part to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which reduces NK cell immunotherapy's efficiencies. It is known that immune checkpoints play a prominent role in creating an immunosuppressive TME, leading to NK cell exhaustion and tumor immune escape. Therefore, NK cells must be reversed from their dysfunctional status and increased in their effector roles in order to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy. Blockade of immune checkpoints can not only rescue NK cells from exhaustion but also augment their robust anti-tumor activity. In this review, we discussed immune checkpoint blockade strategies with a focus on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells to redirect NK cells to cancer cells in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran,Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Abbaspour
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyFaculty of PharmacyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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39
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Guo Z, Liang J. Characterization of a lipid droplet and endoplasmic reticulum stress related gene risk signature to evaluate the clinical and biological value in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:146. [PMID: 36581927 PMCID: PMC9798721 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play an important role in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to establish lipid droplet (LD)-associated and ER stress-related gene risk signature as prognostic indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature searches for LD-associated proteins was screened and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Collaboratory (ICGC) databases. A total of 371 samples were enrolled from the TCGA RNA-seq dataset (training cohort) and 240 samples from IGGC RNA-seq dataset (validation cohort). A 10-gene risk signature was established by the last absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. The prognostic value of the risk signature was evaluated by Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier and ROC Curve analyses. Biological features associated with LD and ER stress-related factors were explored by functional analysis and in vitro experiment. RESULTS Based on the medical literatures, 124 lipid droplet-associated proteins were retrieved, and three genes failed to establish a valid prognostic model. ER stress was considered as an important component by functional analysis. A 10-gene risk signature compared the clinicopathology characteristics, immunosuppressive events and a nomogram in HCC patients. CONCLUSION LD-associated and ER stress-related gene risk signatures highlighted poor prognosis for clinicopathological features, positively correlate with macrophages and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-3 (TIM-3) expression in the tumor microenvironment, and might act as independent prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- grid.449412.ePeking University International Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liang
- grid.449412.ePeking University International Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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40
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Sun Y, Xu J. Emerging Antibodies in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sun
- Section of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06510 USA
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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41
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Mao F, Yang C, Luo W, Wang Y, Xie J, Wang H. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets are associated with the clinical outcomes of prostate cancer patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Integration of CRISPR/Cas9 with artificial intelligence for improved cancer therapeutics. J Transl Med 2022; 20:534. [PMID: 36401282 PMCID: PMC9673220 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing has great potential in treating diseases caused by well-characterized molecular alterations. The introduction of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)–based gene-editing tools has substantially improved the precision and efficiency of gene editing. The CRISPR/Cas9 system offers several advantages over the existing gene-editing approaches, such as its ability to target practically any genomic sequence, enabling the rapid development and deployment of novel CRISPR-mediated knock-out/knock-in methods. CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely used to develop cancer models, validate essential genes as druggable targets, study drug-resistance mechanisms, explore gene non-coding areas, and develop biomarkers. CRISPR gene editing can create more-effective chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells that are durable, cost-effective, and more readily available. However, further research is needed to define the CRISPR/Cas9 system’s pros and cons, establish best practices, and determine social and ethical implications. This review summarizes recent CRISPR/Cas9 developments, particularly in cancer research and immunotherapy, and the potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based screening in developing cancer precision medicine and engineering models for targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the existing challenges and future directions. Lastly, we highlight the role of artificial intelligence in refining the CRISPR system's on-target and off-target effects, a critical factor for the broader application in cancer therapeutics.
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43
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Zhou Z, Yang R, Dong J, Di Y, Yang Y, Huang Y, Yang X, Liu W, Wang J, Liu P, Gu Z, Sun M. Pore forming-mediated intracellular protein delivery for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4659. [PMID: 36399575 PMCID: PMC9674288 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Directly delivering therapeutic proteins to their intracellular targets remains a great challenge. Here, we apply CD8+ T cells to form pores on the tumor cells' plasma membranes, enabling perfusion of ribonuclease A (RNase A) and granzyme B into cells, therefore effectively inducing tumor apoptosis and pyroptosis by activating caspase 3 and gasdermin E pathways to potentiate the CD8+ T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Then, RNase A, programmed cell death ligand 1 antibody, and a photothermal agent were further loaded into an injectable hydrogel to treat the low immunogenic murine breast cancer. Notably, three courses of laser irradiation induced efficient cell apoptosis and immune activation, resulting in a notable therapeutic efficacy that 75% of the tumors were ablated without relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruoxi Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingwen Dong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yongxiang Di
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory of Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Minjie Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Koh SK, Park J, Kim SE, Lim Y, Phan MTT, Kim J, Hwang I, Ahn YO, Shin S, Doh J, Cho D. Natural Killer Cell Expansion and Cytotoxicity Differ Depending on the Culture Medium Used. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:638-649. [PMID: 35765872 PMCID: PMC9277036 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.6.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cell therapy using umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells has shown encouraging results. However, because of the insufficient availability of NK cells and limited UCB volume, more effective culture methods are required. NK cell expansion and functionality are largely affected by the culture medium. While human serum is a major affecting component in culture media, the way it regulates NK cell functionality remains elusive. We elucidated the effects of different culture media and human serum supplementation on UCB NK cell expansion and functionality. Methods UCB NK cells were cultured under stimulation with K562-OX40L-mbIL-18/21 feeder cells and IL-2 and IL-15 in serum-containing and serum-free culture media. The effects of the culture media and human serum supplementation on NK cell expansion and cytotoxicity were evaluated by analyzing the expansion rate, activating and inhibitory receptor levels, and the cytotoxicity of the UCB NK cells. Results The optimal medium for NK cell expansion was Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s F12 with supplements and that for cytotoxicity was AIM V supplemented with Immune Cell Serum Replacement. Shifting media is an advantageous strategy for obtaining several highly functional UCB NK cells. Live cell imaging and killing time measurement revealed that human serum enhanced NK cell proliferation but delayed target recognition, resulting in reduced cytotoxicity. Conclusions Culture medium supplementation with human serum strongly affects UCB NK cell expansion and functionality. Thus, culture media should be carefully selected to ensure both NK cell quantity and quality for adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kwon Koh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeehun Park
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Yuree Lim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea
| | - Minh-Trang Thi Phan
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ilwoong Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Engineering Research, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea.,Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Li Y, Basar R, Wang G, Liu E, Moyes JS, Li L, Kerbauy LN, Uprety N, Fathi M, Rezvan A, Banerjee PP, Muniz-Feliciano L, Laskowski TJ, Ensley E, Daher M, Shanley M, Mendt M, Acharya S, Liu B, Biederstädt A, Rafei H, Guo X, Melo Garcia L, Lin P, Ang S, Marin D, Chen K, Bover L, Champlin RE, Varadarajan N, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. KIR-based inhibitory CARs overcome CAR-NK cell trogocytosis-mediated fratricide and tumor escape. Nat Med 2022; 28:2133-2144. [PMID: 36175679 PMCID: PMC9942695 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Trogocytosis is an active process that transfers surface material from targeted to effector cells. Using multiple in vivo tumor models and clinical data, we report that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) activation in natural killer (NK) cells promoted transfer of the CAR cognate antigen from tumor to NK cells, resulting in (1) lower tumor antigen density, thus impairing the ability of CAR-NK cells to engage with their target, and (2) induced self-recognition and continuous CAR-mediated engagement, resulting in fratricide of trogocytic antigen-expressing NK cells (NKTROG+) and NK cell hyporesponsiveness. This phenomenon could be offset by a dual-CAR system incorporating both an activating CAR against the cognate tumor antigen and an NK self-recognizing inhibitory CAR that transferred a 'don't kill me' signal to NK cells upon engagement with their TROG+ siblings. This system prevented trogocytic antigen-mediated fratricide, while sparing activating CAR signaling against the tumor antigen, and resulted in enhanced CAR-NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rafet Basar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enli Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Judy S Moyes
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucila N Kerbauy
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadima Uprety
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohsen Fathi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Rezvan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pinaki P Banerjee
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis Muniz-Feliciano
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamara J Laskowski
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Ensley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayra Shanley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayela Mendt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Acharya
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Biederstädt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hind Rafei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingliang Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luciana Melo Garcia
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonny Ang
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Marin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Bover
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Zhao Y, Bai Y, Shen M, Li Y. Therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer targeting immune cells: Future directions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992762. [PMID: 36225938 PMCID: PMC9549957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and mortality, and the emergence of immunotherapy has brought survival benefits to GC patients. Compared with traditional therapy, immunotherapy has the advantages of durable response, long-term survival benefits, and lower toxicity. Therefore, targeted immune cells are the most promising therapeutic strategy in the field of oncology. In this review, we introduce the role and significance of each immune cell in the tumor microenvironment of GC and summarize the current landscape of immunotherapy in GC, which includes immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, reduction of M2 tumor-associated macrophages (M2 TAMs), N2 tumor-associated neutrophils (N2 TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), effector regulatory T cells (eTregs), and regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the tumor microenvironment and reprogram TAMs and TANs into tumor killer cells. The most widely used immunotherapy strategies are the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibody, cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) in ACT, and these therapeutic strategies have significant anti-tumor efficacy in solid tumors and hematological tumors. Targeting other immune cells provides a new direction for the immunotherapy of GC despite the relatively weak clinical data, which have been confirmed to restore or enhance anti-tumor immune function in preclinical studies and some treatment strategies have entered the clinical trial stage, and it is expected that more and more effective immune cell–based therapeutic methods will be developed and applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuansong Bai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yapeng Li, ; Meili Shen,
| | - Yapeng Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yapeng Li, ; Meili Shen,
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HLA-DRB1: A new potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target of cutaneous melanoma and an indicator of tumor microenvironment remodeling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274897. [PMID: 36129956 PMCID: PMC9491554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most common skin cancer and one of the most aggressive cancers and its incidence has risen dramatically over the past few decades. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cutaneous melanoma. Nevertheless, the dynamics modulation of the immune and stromal components in the TME is not fully understood. In this study, 471 CM samples were obtained from TCGA database, and the ratio of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in the TME were estimated using the ESTIMATE algorithms and CIBERSORT computational method. The differently expressed genes (DEGs) were applied to GO and KEGG function enrichment analysis, establishment of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and univariate Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, we identified a predictive factor: HLA-DRB1 (major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1) by the intersection analysis of the hub genes of PPI network and the genes associated with the prognosis of the CM patients obtained by univariate Cox regression analysis. Correlation analysis and survival analysis showed that the expression level of HLA-DRB1 was negatively correlated with the Stage of the patients while positively correlated with the survival, prognosis and TME of melanoma. The GEPIA web server and the representative immunohistochemical images of HLA-DRB1 in the normal skin tissue and melanoma tissue from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database were applied to validate the expression level of HLA-DRB1. CIBERSORT analysis for the ratio of TICs indicated that 9 types of TICs were positively correlated with the expression level of HLA-DRB1 and only 4 types of TICs were negatively correlated with the expression level of HLA-DRB1. These results suggested that the expression level of HLA-DRB1 may be related to the immune activity of the TME and may affect the prognosis of CM patients by changing the status of the TME.
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Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:331. [PMID: 36123348 PMCID: PMC9485144 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatments. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking therapy, represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab) and CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab), has shown encouraging therapeutic effects in the treatment of various malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. In addition, with the advent of CAR-T, CAR-M and other novel immunotherapy methods, immunotherapy has entered a new era. At present, evidence indicates that the combination of multiple immunotherapy methods may be one way to improve the therapeutic effect. However, the overall clinical response rate of tumor immunotherapy still needs improvement, which warrants the development of novel therapeutic designs as well as the discovery of biomarkers that can guide the prescription of these agents. Learning from the past success and failure of both clinical and basic research is critical for the rational design of studies in the future. In this article, we describe the efforts to manipulate the immune system against cancer and discuss different targets and cell types that can be exploited to promote the antitumor immune response.
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49
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Current Progress of CAR-NK Therapy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174318. [PMID: 36077853 PMCID: PMC9454439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T and -natural killer (NK) therapies are promising in cancer treatment. CAR-NK therapy gains great attention due to the lack of adverse effects observed in CAR-T therapies and to the NK cells’ unique mechanisms of recognizing target cells. Off-the-shelf products are in urgent need, not only for good yields, but also for lower cost and shorter preparation time. The current progress of CAR-NK therapy is discussed. Abstract CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells eliminate target cells through the release of lytic granules and Fas ligand (FasL)-induced target cell apoptosis. The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) makes these two types of cells selective and effective in killing cancer cells. The success of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and other types of blood cancers proved that the immunotherapy is an effective approach in fighting against cancers, yet adverse effects, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), cannot be ignored for the CAR-T therapy. CAR-NK therapy, then, has its advantage in lacking these adverse effects and works as effective as CAR-T in terms of killing. Despite these, NK cells are known to be hard to transduce, expand in vitro, and sustain shorter in vivo comparing to infiltrated T cells. Moreover, CAR-NK therapy faces challenges as CAR-T therapy does, e.g., the time, the cost, and the potential biohazard due to the use of animal-derived products. Thus, enormous efforts are needed to develop safe, effective, and large-scalable protocols for obtaining CAR-NK cells. Here, we reviewed current progress of CAR-NK therapy, including its biological properties, CAR compositions, preparation of CAR-NK cells, and clinical progresses. We also discussed safety issues raised from genetic engineering. We hope this review is instructive to the research community and a broad range of readers.
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Aryee K, Burzenski LM, Yao L, Keck JG, Greiner D, Shultz LD, Brehm MA. Enhanced development of functional human NK cells in NOD-scid-IL2rg null mice expressing human IL15. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22476. [PMID: 35959876 PMCID: PMC9383543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200045r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human innate immunity plays a critical role in tumor surveillance and in immunoregulation within the tumor microenvironment. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have opposing roles in the tumor microenvironment, including NK cell subsets that mediate tumor cell cytotoxicity and subsets with regulatory function that contribute to the tumor immune suppressive environment. The balance between effector and regulatory NK cell subsets has been studied extensively in murine models of cancer, but there is a paucity of models to study human NK cell function in tumorigenesis. Humanized mice are a powerful alternative to syngeneic mouse tumor models for the study of human immuno-oncology and have proven effective tools to test immunotherapies targeting T cells. However, human NK cell development and survival in humanized NOD-scid-IL2rgnull (NSG) mice are severely limited. To enhance NK cell development, we have developed NSG mice that constitutively expresses human Interleukin 15 (IL15), NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15). Following hematopoietic stem cell engraftment of NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice, significantly higher levels of functional human CD56+ NK cells are detectable in blood and spleen, as compared to NSG mice. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice also supported the development of human CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD33+ myeloid cells. Moreover, the growth kinetics of a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) melanoma were significantly delayed in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice as compared to HSC-engrafted NSG mice demonstrating that human NK cells have a key role in limiting the tumor growth. Together, these data demonstrate that HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support enhanced development of functional human NK cells, which limit the growth of PDX tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken‐Edwin Aryee
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Li‐Chin Yao
- The Jackson LaboratorySacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Michael A. Brehm
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
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