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Lee BT, Baker LA, Momen M, Terhaar H, Binversie EE, Sample SJ, Muir P. Identification of genetic variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and AKC standard coat color in the Labrador Retriever. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:60. [PMID: 37884875 PMCID: PMC10605342 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common complex disease. Prevalence of ACL rupture is breed dependent. In an epidemiological study, yellow coat color was associated with increased risk of ACL rupture in the Labrador Retriever. ACL rupture risk variants may be linked to coat color through genetic selection or through linkage with coat color genes. To investigate these associations, Labrador Retrievers were phenotyped as ACL rupture case or controls and for coat color and were single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyped. After filtering, ~ 697 K SNPs were analyzed using GEMMA and mvBIMBAM for multivariate association. Functional annotation clustering analysis with DAVID was performed on candidate genes. A large 8 Mb region on chromosome 5 that included ACSF3, as well as 32 additional SNPs, met genome-wide significance at P < 6.07E-7 or Log10(BF) = 3.0 for GEMMA and mvBIMBAM, respectively. On chromosome 23, SNPs were located within or near PCCB and MSL2. On chromosome 30, a SNP was located within IGDCC3. SNPs associated with coat color were also located within ADAM9, FAM109B, SULT1C4, RTDR1, BCR, and RGS7. DZIP1L was associated with ACL rupture. Several significant SNPs on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 24, and 26 were located within uncharacterized regions or long non-coding RNA sequences. This study validates associations with the previous ACL rupture candidate genes ACSF3 and DZIP1L and identifies novel candidate genes. These variants could act as targets for treatment or as factors in disease prediction modeling. The study highlighted the importance of regulatory SNPs in the disease, as several significant SNPs were located within non-coding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Lee
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - L A Baker
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - M Momen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - H Terhaar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - E E Binversie
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - S J Sample
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America
| | - Peter Muir
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America.
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Riehl JFL, Cole CT, Morrow CJ, Barker HL, Bernhardsson C, Rubert‐Nason K, Ingvarsson PK, Lindroth RL. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal polygenic architecture for ecologically important traits in aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10541. [PMID: 37780087 PMCID: PMC10534199 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific genetic variation in foundation species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) shapes their impact on forest structure and function. Identifying genes underlying ecologically important traits is key to understanding that impact. Previous studies, using single-locus genome-wide association (GWA) analyses to identify candidate genes, have identified fewer genes than anticipated for highly heritable quantitative traits. Mounting evidence suggests that polygenic control of quantitative traits is largely responsible for this "missing heritability" phenomenon. Our research characterized the genetic architecture of 30 ecologically important traits using a common garden of aspen through genomic and transcriptomic analyses. A multilocus association model revealed that most traits displayed a highly polygenic architecture, with most variation explained by loci with small effects (likely below the detection levels of single-locus GWA methods). Consistent with a polygenic architecture, our single-locus GWA analyses found only 38 significant SNPs in 22 genes across 15 traits. Next, we used differential expression analysis on a subset of aspen genets with divergent concentrations of salicinoid phenolic glycosides (key defense traits). This complementary method to traditional GWA discovered 1243 differentially expressed genes for a polygenic trait. Soft clustering analysis revealed three gene clusters (241 candidate genes) involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and regulation. Our work reveals that ecologically important traits governing higher-order community- and ecosystem-level attributes of a foundation forest tree species have complex underlying genetic structures and will require methods beyond traditional GWA analyses to unravel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clay J. Morrow
- Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Hilary L. Barker
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Present address:
Office of Student SuccessWisconsin Technical College SystemMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Carolina Bernhardsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Present address:
Department of Organismal Biology, Center for Evolutionary BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Kennedy Rubert‐Nason
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Present address:
Division of Natural SciencesUniversity of Maine at Fort KentFort KentMaineUSA
| | - Pär K. Ingvarsson
- Department of Plant BiologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenterUppsalaSweden
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3
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Alatrany AS, Khan W, Hussain AJ, Mustafina J, Al-Jumeily D. Transfer Learning for Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Genome Wide Data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:2700-2711. [PMID: 37018274 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3233869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of brain disorder that is regarded as a degenerative disease because the corresponding symptoms aggravate with the time progression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified as relevant biomarkers for this condition. This study aims to identify SNPs biomarkers associated with the AD in order to perform a reliable classification of AD. In contrast to existing related works, we utilize deep transfer learning with varying experimental analysis for reliable classification of AD. For this purpose, the convolutional neural networks (CNN) are firstly trained over the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dataset requested from the AD neuroimaging initiative. We then employ the deep transfer learning for further training of our CNN (as base model) over a different AD GWAS dataset, to extract the final set of features. The extracted features are then fed into Support Vector Machine for classification of AD. Detailed experiments are performed using multiple datasets and varying experimental configurations. The statistical outcomes indicate an accuracy of 89% which is a significant improvement when benchmarked with existing related works.
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4
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Carlberg C. Nutrigenomics in the context of evolution. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102656. [PMID: 36933390 PMCID: PMC10036735 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenomics describes the interaction between nutrients and our genome. Since the origin of our species most of these nutrient-gene communication pathways have not changed. However, our genome experienced over the past 50,000 years a number of evolutionary pressures, which are based on the migration to new environments concerning geography and climate, the transition from hunter-gatherers to farmers including the zoonotic transfer of many pathogenic microbes and the rather recent change of societies to a preferentially sedentary lifestyle and the dominance of Western diet. Human populations responded to these challenges not only by specific anthropometric adaptations, such as skin color and body stature, but also through diversity in dietary intake and different resistance to complex diseases like the metabolic syndrome, cancer and immune disorders. The genetic basis of this adaptation process has been investigated by whole genome genotyping and sequencing including that of DNA extracted from ancient bones. In addition to genomic changes, also the programming of epigenomes in pre- and postnatal phases of life has an important contribution to the response to environmental changes. Thus, insight into the variation of our (epi)genome in the context of our individual's risk for developing complex diseases, helps to understand the evolutionary basis how and why we become ill. This review will discuss the relation of diet, modern environment and our (epi)genome including aspects of redox biology. This has numerous implications for the interpretation of the risks for disease and their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Juliana Tuwima 10, PL-10748, Olsztyn, Poland; School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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5
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The molecular genetic basis of creativity: a mini review and perspectives. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:1-16. [PMID: 35217895 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although creativity is one of the defining features of human species, it is just the beginning of an ambitious attempt for psychologists to understand its genetic basis. With ongoing efforts, great progress has been achieved in molecular genetic studies of creativity. In this mini review, we highlighted recent molecular genetic findings for both domain-general and domain-specific creativity, and provided some perspectives for future studies. It is expected that this work will provide an update on the knowledge regarding the molecular genetic basis of creativity, and contribute to the further development of this field.
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6
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Moon SW. Neuroimaging Genetics and Network Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:526-538. [PMID: 37957920 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050265188231107072215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The issue of the genetics in brain imaging phenotypes serves as a crucial link between two distinct scientific fields: neuroimaging genetics (NG). The articles included here provide solid proof that this NG link has considerable synergy. There is a suitable collection of articles that offer a wide range of viewpoints on how genetic variations affect brain structure and function. They serve as illustrations of several study approaches used in contemporary genetics and neuroscience. Genome-wide association studies and candidate-gene association are two examples of genetic techniques. Cortical gray matter structural/volumetric measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are sources of information on brain phenotypes. Together, they show how various scientific disciplines have benefited from significant technological advances, such as the single-nucleotide polymorphism array in genetics and the development of increasingly higher-resolution MRI imaging. Moreover, we discuss NG's contribution to expanding our knowledge about the heterogeneity within Alzheimer's disease as well as the benefits of different network analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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7
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Sulaiman SA, Dorairaj V, Adrus MNH. Genetic Polymorphisms and Diversity in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Mini Review. Biomedicines 2022; 11:106. [PMID: 36672614 PMCID: PMC9855725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease with a wide spectrum of liver conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of NAFLD varies across populations, and different ethnicities have specific risks for the disease. NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease where the genetics, metabolic, and environmental factors interplay and modulate the disease's development and progression. Several genetic polymorphisms have been identified and are associated with the disease risk. This mini-review discussed the NAFLD's genetic polymorphisms and focusing on the differences in the findings between the populations (diversity), including of those reports that did not show any significant association. The challenges of genetic diversity are also summarized. Understanding the genetic contribution of NAFLD will allow for better diagnosis and management explicitly tailored for the various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaa’cob Latiff, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (V.D.); (M.N.H.A.)
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8
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Li S, Li S, Su S, Zhang H, Shen J, Wen Y. Gene Region Association Analysis of Longitudinal Quantitative Traits Based on a Function-On-Function Regression Model. Front Genet 2022; 13:781740. [PMID: 35265102 PMCID: PMC8899465 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.781740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of growth and development in life, gene expressions that control quantitative traits will turn on or off with time. Studies of longitudinal traits are of great significance in revealing the genetic mechanism of biological development. With the development of ultra-high-density sequencing technology, the associated analysis has tremendous challenges to statistical methods. In this paper, a longitudinal functional data association test (LFDAT) method is proposed based on the function-on-function regression model. LFDAT can simultaneously treat phenotypic traits and marker information as continuum variables and analyze the association of longitudinal quantitative traits and gene regions. Simulation studies showed that: 1) LFDAT performs well for both linkage equilibrium simulation and linkage disequilibrium simulation, 2) LFDAT has better performance for gene regions (include common variants, low-frequency variants, rare variants and mixture), and 3) LFDAT can accurately identify gene switching in the growth and development stage. The longitudinal data of the Oryza sativa projected shoot area is analyzed by LFDAT. It showed that there is the advantage of quick calculations. Further, an association analysis was conducted between longitudinal traits and gene regions by integrating the micro effects of multiple related variants and using the information of the entire gene region. LFDAT provides a feasible method for studying the formation and expression of longitudinal traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Li
- College of Computer and Information Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,> Institute of Statistics and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shiqin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqiang Su
- College of Computer and Information Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Computer and Information Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,> Institute of Statistics and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- College of Computer and Information Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,> Institute of Statistics and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Wen
- College of Computer and Information Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,> Institute of Statistics and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Brainard SH, Ellison SL, Simon PW, Dawson JC, Goldman IL. Genetic characterization of carrot root shape and size using genome-wide association analysis and genomic-estimated breeding values. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:605-622. [PMID: 34782932 PMCID: PMC8866378 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The principal phenotypic determinants of market class in carrot-the size and shape of the root-are under primarily additive, but also highly polygenic, genetic control. The size and shape of carrot roots are the primary determinants not only of yield, but also market class. These quantitative phenotypes have historically been challenging to objectively evaluate, and thus subjective visual assessment of market class remains the primary method by which selection for these traits is performed. However, advancements in digital image analysis have recently made possible the high-throughput quantification of size and shape attributes. It is therefore now feasible to utilize modern methods of genetic analysis to investigate the genetic control of root morphology. To this end, this study utilized both genome wide association analysis (GWAS) and genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs) and demonstrated that the components of market class are highly polygenic traits, likely under the influence of many small effect QTL. Relatively large proportions of additive genetic variance for many of the component phenotypes support high predictive ability of GEBVs; average prediction ability across underlying market class traits was 0.67. GWAS identified multiple QTL for four of the phenotypes which compose market class: length, aspect ratio, maximum width, and root fill, a previously uncharacterized trait which represents the size-independent portion of carrot root shape. By combining digital image analysis with GWAS and GEBVs, this study represents a novel advance in our understanding of the genetic control of market class in carrot. The immediate practical utility and viability of genomic selection for carrot market class is also described, and concrete guidelines for the design of training populations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Brainard
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Shelby L Ellison
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Philipp W Simon
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Julie C Dawson
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Irwin L Goldman
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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10
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Stephan T, Burgess SM, Cheng H, Danko CG, Gill CA, Jarvis ED, Koepfli KP, Koltes JE, Lyons E, Ronald P, Ryder OA, Schriml LM, Soltis P, VandeWoude S, Zhou H, Ostrander EA, Karlsson EK. Darwinian genomics and diversity in the tree of life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115644119. [PMID: 35042807 PMCID: PMC8795533 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115644119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomics encompasses the entire tree of life, both extinct and extant, and the evolutionary processes that shape this diversity. To date, genomic research has focused on humans, a small number of agricultural species, and established laboratory models. Fewer than 18,000 of ∼2,000,000 eukaryotic species (<1%) have a representative genome sequence in GenBank, and only a fraction of these have ancillary information on genome structure, genetic variation, gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and population diversity. This imbalance reflects a perception that human studies are paramount in disease research. Yet understanding how genomes work, and how genetic variation shapes phenotypes, requires a broad view that embraces the vast diversity of life. We have the technology to collect massive and exquisitely detailed datasets about the world, but expertise is siloed into distinct fields. A new approach, integrating comparative genomics with cell and evolutionary biology, ecology, archaeology, anthropology, and conservation biology, is essential for understanding and protecting ourselves and our world. Here, we describe potential for scientific discovery when comparative genomics works in close collaboration with a broad range of fields as well as the technical, scientific, and social constraints that must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylorlyn Stephan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Hans Cheng
- Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, East Lansing, MI 48823
| | - Charles G Danko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Clare A Gill
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Erich D Jarvis
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Klaus-Peter Koepfli
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, George Mason University, Front Royal, VA 22630
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008
| | - James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Pamela Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Grass Genetics, Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Oliver A Ryder
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027
- Department of Evolution, Behavior, and Ecology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lynn M Schriml
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Pamela Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Micro-, Immuno-, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80532
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655;
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
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11
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Caizergues AE, Le Luyer J, Grégoire A, Szulkin M, Senar J, Charmantier A, Perrier C. Epigenetics and the city: Non-parallel DNA methylation modifications across pairs of urban-forest Great tit populations. Evol Appl 2022; 15:149-165. [PMID: 35126653 PMCID: PMC8792475 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in rapid adaptation to novel environments and determining their predictability are central questions in evolutionary biology and pressing issues due to rapid global changes. Complementary to genetic responses to selection, faster epigenetic variations such as modifications of DNA methylation may play a substantial role in rapid adaptation. In the context of rampant urbanization, joint examinations of genomic and epigenomic mechanisms are still lacking. Here, we investigated genomic (SNP) and epigenomic (CpG methylation) responses to urban life in a passerine bird, the Great tit (Parus major). To test whether urban evolution is predictable (i.e. parallel) or involves mostly nonparallel molecular processes among cities, we analysed both SNP and CpG methylation variations across three distinct pairs of city and forest Great tit populations in Europe. Our analyses reveal a polygenic response to urban life, with both many genes putatively under weak divergent selection and multiple differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between forest and city great tits. DMRs mainly overlapped transcription start sites and promotor regions, suggesting their importance in modulating gene expression. Both genomic and epigenomic outliers were found in genomic regions enriched for genes with biological functions related to the nervous system, immunity, or behavioural, hormonal and stress responses. Interestingly, comparisons across the three pairs of city-forest populations suggested little parallelism in both genetic and epigenetic responses. Our results confirm, at both the genetic and epigenetic levels, hypotheses of polygenic and largely nonparallel mechanisms of rapid adaptation in novel environments such as urbanized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Le Luyer
- Ifremer, IRD, Institut Louis‐MalardéUniv Polynésie Française, EIOTaravaoFrench Polynesia
| | | | - Marta Szulkin
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | | | | | - Charles Perrier
- CBGP, INRAe, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgroUniv. MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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12
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Ma Y, Zhou X. Genetic prediction of complex traits with polygenic scores: a statistical review. Trends Genet 2021; 37:995-1011. [PMID: 34243982 PMCID: PMC8511058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate genetic prediction of complex traits can facilitate disease screening, improve early intervention, and aid in the development of personalized medicine. Genetic prediction of complex traits requires the development of statistical methods that can properly model polygenic architecture and construct a polygenic score (PGS). We present a comprehensive review of 46 methods for PGS construction. We connect the majority of these methods through a multiple linear regression framework which can be instrumental for understanding their prediction performance for traits with distinct genetic architectures. We discuss the practical considerations of PGS analysis as well as challenges and future directions of PGS method development. We hope our review serves as a useful reference both for statistical geneticists who develop PGS methods and for data analysts who perform PGS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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13
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Jiang L, Mei JP, Zhao YW, Zhang R, Pan HX, Yang Y, Sun QY, Xu Q, Yan XX, Tan JQ, Li JC, Tang BS, Guo JF. Low-frequency and rare coding variants of NUS1 contribute to susceptibility and phenotype of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 110:106-112. [PMID: 34635350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
NUS1 has been recently identified as a candidate gene for Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies have examined the association of NUS1 variants with PD susceptibility and phenotypes. In the first cohort, whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify variants in NUS1 exon-coding and exon-intron regions in 1542 cases and 1625 controls. 13 variants were totally detected, of which 10 rare variants and 3 low-frequency variants. Burden analysis showed that rare NUS1 variants significantly enriched in PD (p=0.016). We also performed a meta-analysis based on previous and our studies to correlate NUS1 mutations with PD susceptibility. Integrating our previous cohort (3210 cases and 2807 controls) and the first cohort identified the significant association of rs539668656 with PD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 2.82, p = 0.016). The genotype-phenotype association analysis showed that patients carrying rare variants, or rs539668656 were significantly associated with earlier onset age, depression, emotional impairment and severe disease condition. Our results support the role of NUS1 rare variants and rs539668656 towards PD susceptibility and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun-Pu Mei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Xu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Chen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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14
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Blumenthal DB, Baumbach J, Hoffmann M, Kacprowski T, List M. A framework for modeling epistatic interaction. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:1708-1716. [PMID: 33252645 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Recently, various tools for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in epistasis have been developed. However, no studies evaluate the employed statistical epistasis models such as the χ2-test or quadratic regression independently of the tools that use them. Such an independent evaluation is crucial for developing improved epistasis detection tools, for it allows to decide if a tool's performance should be attributed to the epistasis model or to the optimization strategy run on top of it. RESULTS We present a protocol for evaluating epistasis models independently of the tools they are used in and generalize existing models designed for dichotomous phenotypes to the categorical and quantitative case. In addition, we propose a new model which scores candidate SNP sets by computing maximum likelihood distributions for the observed phenotypes in the cells of their penetrance tables. Extensive experiments show that the proposed maximum likelihood model outperforms three widely used epistasis models in most cases. The experiments also provide valuable insights into the properties of existing models, for instance, that quadratic regression perform particularly well on instances with quantitative phenotypes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The evaluation protocol and all compared models are implemented in C++ and are supported under Linux and macOS. They are available at https://github.com/baumbachlab/genepiseeker/, along with test datasets and scripts to reproduce the experiments. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Blumenthal
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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15
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Goes FS, Pirooznia M, Tehan M, Zandi PP, McGrath J, Wolyniec P, Nestadt G, Pulver AE. De novo variation in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4127-4136. [PMID: 31776463 PMCID: PMC10754065 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, highly heritable disorder that affects 1-2% of the world's population. To date, most genetic studies of BD have focused on common gene variation, and while robustly associated loci have been identified, a substantial proportion of the heritability remains missing and could be partially attributable to rare variation. In this study, we apply a de novo paradigm in BD to identify newly arisen variants that have yet to undergo natural selection and may represent highly pathogenic variants. We performed whole genome sequencing of 97 trios of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, selecting "simplex" families with no family history of BD and an early age of onset. We found a total of 6882 de novo variants (an average of 70.9 ± 12.9 S.D. variants per trio), including 107 variants within protein-coding genes. We combined our exonic variations with the results of 79 previously published BD trios, identifying 20 loss-of-function (LoF) and 77 missense damaging de novo variants in BD. These variants showed significant enrichment for constrained genes and for genes located to the postsynaptic density (PSD) (all Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05). Pathway analyses showed enrichment in several pathways, including "Phosphoinositides (PI) and their downstream targets" (Bonferroni p = 4.2 × 10-6), a pathway prominently featured in lithium's hypothesized mechanism of action. In addition, while we found overall evidence for transmission of common variant polygenic risk of BD in our full sample (pTDT p = 2.21 × 10-4), specific trios with LoF variants showed no evidence of polygenic transmission. In sum, our findings support the de novo paradigm as a contributor to the genetic architecture of BD and provide evidence that constrained genes, as well as genes within the PSD and PI pathway harbor rare variation associated with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Martin Tehan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - John McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Paula Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 202, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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16
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Contextualizing genetic risk score for disease screening and rare variant discovery. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4418. [PMID: 34285202 PMCID: PMC8292385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the genetic basis of complex traits have demonstrated a substantial role for common, small-effect variant polygenic burden (PB) as well as large-effect variants (LEV, primarily rare). We identify sufficient conditions in which GWAS-derived PB may be used for well-powered rare pathogenic variant discovery or as a sample prioritization tool for whole-genome or exome sequencing. Through extensive simulations of genetic architectures and generative models of disease liability with parameters informed by empirical data, we quantify the power to detect, among cases, a lower PB in LEV carriers than in non-carriers. Furthermore, we uncover clinically useful conditions wherein the risk derived from the PB is comparable to the LEV-derived risk. The resulting summary-statistics-based methodology (with publicly available software, PB-LEV-SCAN) makes predictions on PB-based LEV screening for 36 complex traits, which we confirm in several disease datasets with available LEV information in the UK Biobank, with important implications on clinical decision-making.
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17
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Tomlinson MJ, Polson SW, Qiu J, Lake JA, Lee W, Abasht B. Investigation of allele specific expression in various tissues of broiler chickens using the detection tool VADT. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3968. [PMID: 33597613 PMCID: PMC7889858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential abundance of allelic transcripts in a diploid organism, commonly referred to as allele specific expression (ASE), is a biologically significant phenomenon and can be examined using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from RNA-seq. Quantifying ASE aids in our ability to identify and understand cis-regulatory mechanisms that influence gene expression, and thereby assist in identifying causal mutations. This study examines ASE in breast muscle, abdominal fat, and liver of commercial broiler chickens using variants called from a large sub-set of the samples (n = 68). ASE analysis was performed using a custom software called VCF ASE Detection Tool (VADT), which detects ASE of biallelic SNPs using a binomial test. On average ~ 174,000 SNPs in each tissue passed our filtering criteria and were considered informative, of which ~ 24,000 (~ 14%) showed ASE. Of all ASE SNPs, only 3.7% exhibited ASE in all three tissues, with ~ 83% showing ASE specific to a single tissue. When ASE genes (genes containing ASE SNPs) were compared between tissues, the overlap among all three tissues increased to 20.1%. Our results indicate that ASE genes show tissue-specific enrichment patterns, but all three tissues showed enrichment for pathways involved in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joseph Tomlinson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Shawn W Polson
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, University of Delaware, Newark, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Juniper A Lake
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - William Lee
- Maple Leaf Farms, Inc., Leesburg, IN, 46538, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. .,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA.
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18
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Láruson ÁJ, Yeaman S, Lotterhos KE. The Importance of Genetic Redundancy in Evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:809-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Canalization refers to the evolution of populations such that the number of individuals who deviate from the optimum trait, or experience disease, is minimized. In the presence of rapid cultural, environmental, or genetic change, the reverse process of decanalization may contribute to observed increases in disease prevalence. This review starts by defining relevant concepts, drawing distinctions between the canalization of populations and robustness of individuals. It then considers evidence pertaining to three continuous traits and six domains of disease. In each case, existing genetic evidence for genotype-by-environment interactions is insufficient to support a strong inference of decanalization, but we argue that the advent of genome-wide polygenic risk assessment now makes an empirical evaluation of the role of canalization in preventing disease possible. Finally, the contributions of both rare and common variants to congenital abnormality and adult onset disease are considered in light of a new kerplunk model of genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
| | - Kristine A Lacek
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
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20
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Van Someren EJW. Brain mechanisms of insomnia: new perspectives on causes and consequences. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:995-1046. [PMID: 32790576 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00046.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While insomnia is the second most common mental disorder, progress in our understanding of underlying neurobiological mechanisms has been limited. The present review addresses the definition and prevalence of insomnia and explores its subjective and objective characteristics across the 24-hour day. Subsequently, the review extensively addresses how the vulnerability to develop insomnia is affected by genetic variants, early life stress, major life events, and brain structure and function. Further supported by the clear mental health risks conveyed by insomnia, the integrated findings suggest that the vulnerability to develop insomnia could rather be found in brain circuits regulating emotion and arousal than in circuits involved in circadian and homeostatic sleep regulation. Finally, a testable model is presented. The model proposes that in people with a vulnerability to develop insomnia, the locus coeruleus is more sensitive to-or receives more input from-the salience network and related circuits, even during rapid eye movement sleep, when it should normally be sound asleep. This vulnerability may ignite a downward spiral of insufficient overnight adaptation to distress, resulting in accumulating hyperarousal, which, in turn, impedes restful sleep and moreover increases the risk of other mental health adversity. Sensitized brain circuits are likely to be subjectively experienced as "sleeping with one eye open". The proposed model opens up the possibility for novel intervention studies and animal studies, thus accelerating the ignition of a neuroscience of insomnia, which is direly needed for better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Bayesian and Machine Learning Models for Genomic Prediction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in the Canine Model. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:2619-2628. [PMID: 32499222 PMCID: PMC7407450 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common, debilitating condition that leads to early-onset osteoarthritis and reduced quality of human life. ACL rupture is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Characterizing the genetic basis of ACL rupture would provide the ability to identify individuals that have high genetic risk and allow the opportunity for preventative management. Spontaneous ACL rupture is also common in dogs and shows a similar clinical presentation and progression. Thus, the dog has emerged as an excellent genomic model for human ACL rupture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the dog have identified a number of candidate genetic variants, but research in genomic prediction has been limited. In this analysis, we explore several Bayesian and machine learning models for genomic prediction of ACL rupture in the Labrador Retriever dog. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of predicting ACL rupture from SNPs in the Labrador Retriever model with and without consideration of non-genetic risk factors. Genomic prediction including non-genetic risk factors approached clinical relevance using multiple linear Bayesian and non-linear models. This analysis represents the first steps toward development of a predictive algorithm for ACL rupture in the Labrador Retriever model. Future work may extend this algorithm to other high-risk breeds of dog. The ability to accurately predict individual dogs at high risk for ACL rupture would identify candidates for clinical trials that would benefit both veterinary and human medicine.
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22
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Matoba N, Liang D, Sun H, Aygün N, McAfee JC, Davis JE, Raffield LM, Qian H, Piven J, Li Y, Kosuri S, Won H, Stein JL. Common genetic risk variants identified in the SPARK cohort support DDHD2 as a candidate risk gene for autism. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:265. [PMID: 32747698 PMCID: PMC7400671 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Large genetically informative cohorts of individuals with ASD have led to the identification of a limited number of common genome-wide significant (GWS) risk loci to date. However, many more common genetic variants are expected to contribute to ASD risk given the high heritability. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 6222 case-pseudocontrol pairs from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) dataset to identify additional common genetic risk factors and molecular mechanisms underlying risk for ASD. We identified one novel GWS locus from the SPARK GWAS and four significant loci, including an additional novel locus from meta-analysis with a previous GWAS. We replicated the previous observation of significant enrichment of ASD heritability within regulatory regions of the developing cortex, indicating that disruption of gene regulation during neurodevelopment is critical for ASD risk. We further employed a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) and identified a putative causal variant at the novel locus from SPARK GWAS with strong impacts on gene regulation (rs7001340). Expression quantitative trait loci data demonstrated an association between the risk allele and decreased expression of DDHD2 (DDHD domain containing 2) in both adult and prenatal brains. In conclusion, by integrating genetic association data with multi-omic gene regulatory annotations and experimental validation, we fine-mapped a causal risk variant and demonstrated that DDHD2 is a novel gene associated with ASD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Matoba
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Huaigu Sun
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nil Aygün
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jessica C McAfee
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jessica E Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Huijun Qian
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joseph Piven
- Department of Psychiatry and the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sriam Kosuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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23
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Mhoswa L, O'Neill MM, Mphahlele MM, Oates CN, Payn KG, Slippers B, Myburg AA, Naidoo S. A Genome-Wide Association Study for Resistance to the Insect Pest Leptocybe invasa in Eucalyptus grandis Reveals Genomic Regions and Positional Candidate Defense Genes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1285-1296. [PMID: 32379870 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The galling insect, Leptocybe invasa, causes significant losses in plantations of various Eucalyptus species and hybrids, threatening its economic viability. We applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with resistance to L. invasa. A total of 563 insect-challenged Eucalyptus grandis trees, from 61 half-sib families, were genotyped using the EUChip60K SNP chip, and we identified 15,445 informative SNP markers in the test population. Multi-locus mixed-model (MLMM) analysis identified 35 SNP markers putatively associated with resistance to L. invasa based on four discreet classes of insect damage scores: (0) not infested, (1) infested showing evidence of oviposition but no gall development, (2) infested with galls on leaves, midribs or petioles and (3) stunting and lethal gall formation. MLMM analysis identified three associated genomic regions on chromosomes 3, 7 and 8 jointly explaining 17.6% of the total phenotypic variation. SNP analysis of a validation population of 494 E. grandis trees confirmed seven SNP markers that were also detected in the initial association analysis. Based on transcriptome profiles of resistant and susceptible genotypes from an independent experiment, we identified several putative candidate genes in associated genomic loci including Nucleotide-binding ARC- domain (NB-ARC) and toll-interleukin-1-receptor-Nucleotide binding signal- Leucine rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) genes. Our results suggest that Leptocybe resistance in E. grandis may be influenced by a few large-effect loci in combination with minor effect loci segregating in our test and validation populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Mhoswa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Marja M O'Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Makobatjatji M Mphahlele
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Mondi South Africa, Forests Operations, Research and Development Department, Trahar Technology Centre-TTC, PO Box 12, Hilton 3245, South Africa
| | - Caryn N Oates
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Kitt G Payn
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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24
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Baker L, Muir P, Sample SJ. Genome-wide association studies and genetic testing: understanding the science, success, and future of a rapidly developing field. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:1126-1136. [PMID: 31687891 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.10.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dog owners are increasingly interested in using commercially available testing panels to learn about the genetics of their pets, both to identify breed ancestry and to screen for specific genetic diseases. Helping owners interpret and understand results from genetic screening panels is becoming an important issue facing veterinarians. The objective of this review article is to introduce basic concepts behind genetic studies and current genetic screening tests while highlighting their value in veterinary medicine. The potential uses and limitations of commercially available genetic testing panels as screening tests are discussed, including appropriate cautions regarding the interpretation of results. Future directions, particularly with regard to the study of common complex genetic diseases, are also described.
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25
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Efficient polygenic risk scores for biobank scale data by exploiting phenotypes from inferred relatives. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3074. [PMID: 32555176 PMCID: PMC7299943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores are emerging as a potentially powerful tool to predict future phenotypes of target individuals, typically using unrelated individuals, thereby devaluing information from relatives. Here, for 50 traits from the UK Biobank data, we show that a design of 5,000 individuals with first-degree relatives of target individuals can achieve a prediction accuracy similar to that of around 220,000 unrelated individuals (mean prediction accuracy = 0.26 vs. 0.24, mean fold-change = 1.06 (95% CI: 0.99-1.13), P-value = 0.08), despite a 44-fold difference in sample size. For lifestyle traits, the prediction accuracy with 5,000 individuals including first-degree relatives of target individuals is significantly higher than that with 220,000 unrelated individuals (mean prediction accuracy = 0.22 vs. 0.16, mean fold-change = 1.40 (1.17-1.62), P-value = 0.025). Our findings suggest that polygenic prediction integrating family information may help to accelerate precision health and clinical intervention. Genetic data from large cohorts of unrelated individuals can be used to create polygenic risk scores, which could be used to predict individual risk of developing a specific disease. Here the authors show that smaller cohorts of related individuals can provide similarly powerful predictive ability.
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Pinto R, Belsky J, Baptista J, Carvalho A, Cunha C, Soares I, Mesquita AR. Mothers' distress exposure and children's withdrawn behavior - A moderating role for the Interferon Gamma gene (IFNG). Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:783-791. [PMID: 32072627 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the inflammatory response, including pro-inflammatory molecules, produces neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression-like behavior, including withdrawal from the physical and social environment. Genetic variants that enhance immune reactivity may thus increase inflammatory and withdrawn reactions to stress. Here we investigated a functional polymorphism of Interferon Gamma gene (IFNG +874 T > A, rs2430561) as moderator of the relationship between mothers' distress exposure and children's withdrawn behavior at preschool age. Participants were 198 Portuguese preschool children (mean age = 57.98 months). Exposure to mother's distress was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory, and withdrawn behavior with the Caregiver Teacher Report Form. All children provided saliva samples for genotyping. Contrary to expecations based on prior work, the rs2430561 AA genotype-not the T variant-interacted with (high levels of) mothers' distress exposure, to increase children's withdrawn behavior. No significant main effects were detected. The polymorphism in Interferon Gamma gene showed specific environmental stressor-dependent effects on withdrawn behavior during childhood, ones which are interpreted in light of the "behavioral immune system" hypothesis, and which proved inconsistent with diathesis-stress thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pinto
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joana Baptista
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Soares
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R Mesquita
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Besnier F, Solberg MF, Harvey AC, Carvalho GR, Bekkevold D, Taylor MI, Creer S, Nielsen EE, Skaala Ø, Ayllon F, Dahle G, Glover KA. Epistatic regulation of growth in Atlantic salmon revealed: a QTL study performed on the domesticated-wild interface. BMC Genet 2020; 21:13. [PMID: 32033538 PMCID: PMC7006396 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-0816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative traits are typically considered to be under additive genetic control. Although there are indications that non-additive factors have the potential to contribute to trait variation, experimental demonstration remains scarce. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of growth in Atlantic salmon by exploiting the high level of genetic diversity and trait expression among domesticated, hybrid and wild populations. Results After rearing fish in common-garden experiments under aquaculture conditions, we performed a variance component analysis in four mapping populations totaling ~ 7000 individuals from six wild, two domesticated and three F1 wild/domesticated hybrid strains. Across the four independent datasets, genome-wide significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with weight and length were detected on a total of 18 chromosomes, reflecting the polygenic nature of growth. Significant QTLs correlated with both length and weight were detected on chromosomes 2, 6 and 9 in multiple datasets. Significantly, epistatic QTLs were detected in all datasets. Discussion The observed interactions demonstrated that the phenotypic effect of inheriting an allele deviated between half-sib families. Gene-by-gene interactions were also suggested, where the combined effect of two loci resulted in a genetic effect upon phenotypic variance, while no genetic effect was detected when the two loci were considered separately. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of epistasis in a quantitative trait in Atlantic salmon. These novel results are of relevance for breeding programs, and for predicting the evolutionary consequences of domestication-introgression in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Besnier
- Population Genetics Research group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Monica F Solberg
- Population Genetics Research group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alison C Harvey
- Population Genetics Research group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway.,Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Gary R Carvalho
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Dorte Bekkevold
- Section for Marine Living Resources, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Martin I Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Simon Creer
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Einar E Nielsen
- Section for Marine Living Resources, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Øystein Skaala
- Population Genetics Research group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fernando Ayllon
- Population Genetics Research group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Dahle
- Population Genetics Research group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway.,Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kevin A Glover
- Population Genetics Research group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway.,Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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28
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Luningham JM, McArtor DB, Hendriks AM, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Lichtenstein P, Lundström S, Larsson H, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, Lubke GH. Data Integration Methods for Phenotype Harmonization in Multi-Cohort Genome-Wide Association Studies With Behavioral Outcomes. Front Genet 2020; 10:1227. [PMID: 31921287 PMCID: PMC6914843 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parallel meta-analysis is a popular approach for increasing the power to detect genetic effects in genome-wide association studies across multiple cohorts. Consortia studying the genetics of behavioral phenotypes are oftentimes faced with systematic differences in phenotype measurement across cohorts, introducing heterogeneity into the meta-analysis and reducing statistical power. This study investigated integrative data analysis (IDA) as an approach for jointly modeling the phenotype across multiple datasets. We put forth a bi-factor integration model (BFIM) that provides a single common phenotype score and accounts for sources of study-specific variability in the phenotype. In order to capitalize on this modeling strategy, a phenotype reference panel was utilized as a supplemental sample with complete data on all behavioral measures. A simulation study showed that a mega-analysis of genetic variant effects in a BFIM were more powerful than meta-analysis of genetic effects on a cohort-specific sum score of items. Saving the factor scores from the BFIM and using those as the outcome in meta-analysis was also more powerful than the sum score in most simulation conditions, but a small degree of bias was introduced by this approach. The reference panel was necessary to realize these power gains. An empirical demonstration used the BFIM to harmonize aggression scores in 9-year old children across the Netherlands Twin Register and the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, providing a template for application of the BFIM to a range of different phenotypes. A supplemental data collection in the Netherlands Twin Register served as a reference panel for phenotype modeling across both cohorts. Our results indicate that model-based harmonization for the study of complex traits is a useful step within genetic consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Luningham
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Daniel B McArtor
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Anne M Hendriks
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Catharina E M van Beijsterveldt
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Meike Bartels
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gitta H Lubke
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Chang LH, Whitfield JB, Liu M, Medland SE, Hickie IB, Martin NG, Verhulst B, Heath AC, Madden PA, Statham DJ, Gillespie NA. Associations between polygenic risk for tobacco and alcohol use and liability to tobacco and alcohol use, and psychiatric disorders in an independent sample of 13,999 Australian adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107704. [PMID: 31731259 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use, substance use disorders (SUDs), and psychiatric disorders commonly co-occur. Genetic risk common to these complex traits is an important explanation; however, little is known about how polygenic risk for tobacco or alcohol use overlaps the genetic risk for the comorbid SUDs and psychiatric disorders. METHODS We constructed polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using GWAS meta-analysis summary statistics from a large discovery sample, GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN), for smoking initiation (SI; N = 631,564), age of initiating regular smoking (AI; N = 258,251), cigarettes per day (CPD; N = 258,999), smoking cessation (SC; N = 312,273), and drinks per week (DPW; N = 527,402). We then estimated the fixed effect of these PRSs on the liability to 15 phenotypes related to tobacco and alcohol use, substance use disorders, and psychiatric disorders in an independent target sample of Australian adults. RESULTS After adjusting for multiple testing, 10 of 75 combinations of discovery and target phenotypes remained significant. PRS-SI (R2 range: 1.98%-5.09 %) was positively associated with SI, DPW, and with DSM-IV and FTND nicotine dependence, and conduct disorder. PRS-AI (R2: 3.91 %) negatively associated with DPW. PRS-CPD (R2: 1.56 %-1.77 %) positively associated with DSM-IV nicotine dependence and conduct disorder. PRS-DPW (R2: 3.39 %-6.26 %) positively associated with only DPW. The variation of DPW was significantly influenced by sex*PRS-SI, sex*PRS-AI and sex*PRS-DPW. Such interaction effect was not detected in the other 14 phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risks associated with tobacco use are also associated with liability to alcohol consumption, nicotine dependence, and conduct disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Hsien Chang
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, 20 Weightman St, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - John B Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown NSW 2050, USA.
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Brad Verhulst
- Department of psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road #262, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Pamela A Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Dixie J Statham
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Federation University Australia, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioural Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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30
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Wang D, Guo T, Guo Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Luo J. The Association Between Schizophrenia Risk Variants and Creativity in Healthy Han Chinese Subjects. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2218. [PMID: 31649580 PMCID: PMC6792478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous evidence has suggested that there is a genetic link between schizophrenia and creativity, the specific genetic variants that underlie the link are still largely unknown. To further explore the potential genetic link between schizophrenia and creativity, in a sample of 580 healthy Han Chinese subjects, this study aimed to (1) validate the role of Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) rs6994992 (one schizophrenia risk variant that has been previously linked to creativity in the European population) in the relationship between schizophrenia and creativity and (2) explore the associations between 10 other schizophrenia risk variants and creativity. For NRG1 rs6994992, the result validated its association with creativity measures. However, since NRG1 rs6994992 is not a schizophrenia risk variant in the Han Chinese population, the validated association suggested that ethnic difference may exist in the relationship between NRG1 rs6994992, schizophrenia and creativity. For other schizophrenia risk variants, the result only demonstrated a nominal association between ZNF536 rs2053079 and creativity measures which would not survive correction for multiple testing. No association between polygenic risk score for these 10 schizophrenia risk variants and creativity measures was observed. In conclusion, this study provides limited evidence for the associations between these schizophrenia risk variants and creativity in healthy Han Chinese subjects. Future studies are warranted to better understand the potential genetic link between schizophrenia and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Capital Education Development, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Beijing Gese Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Capital Education Development, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Capital Education Development, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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31
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Bloom JS, Boocock J, Treusch S, Sadhu MJ, Day L, Oates-Barker H, Kruglyak L. Rare variants contribute disproportionately to quantitative trait variation in yeast. eLife 2019; 8:49212. [PMID: 31647408 PMCID: PMC6892613 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How variants with different frequencies contribute to trait variation is a central question in genetics. We use a unique model system to disentangle the contributions of common and rare variants to quantitative traits. We generated ~14,000 progeny from crosses among 16 diverse yeast strains and identified thousands of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 38 traits. We combined our results with sequencing data for 1011 yeast isolates to show that rare variants make a disproportionate contribution to trait variation. Evolutionary analyses revealed that this contribution is driven by rare variants that arose recently, and that negative selection has shaped the relationship between variant frequency and effect size. We leveraged the structure of the crosses to resolve hundreds of QTLs to single genes. These results refine our understanding of trait variation at the population level and suggest that studies of rare variants are a fertile ground for discovery of genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Bloom
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - James Boocock
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sebastian Treusch
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Meru J Sadhu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Laura Day
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Holly Oates-Barker
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Leonid Kruglyak
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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32
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An actionable KCNH2 Long QT Syndrome variant detected by sequence and haplotype analysis in a population research cohort. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10964. [PMID: 31358886 PMCID: PMC6662790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Viking Health Study Shetland is a population-based research cohort of 2,122 volunteer participants with ancestry from the Shetland Isles in northern Scotland. The high kinship and detailed phenotype data support a range of approaches for associating rare genetic variants, enriched in this isolate population, with quantitative traits and diseases. As an exemplar, the c.1750G > A; p.Gly584Ser variant within the coding sequence of the KCNH2 gene implicated in Long QT Syndrome (LQTS), which occurred once in 500 whole genome sequences from this population, was investigated. Targeted sequencing of the KCNH2 gene in family members of the initial participant confirmed the presence of the sequence variant and identified two further members of the same family pedigree who shared the variant. Investigation of these three related participants for whom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array genotypes were available allowed a unique shared haplotype of 1.22 Mb to be defined around this locus. Searching across the full cohort for this haplotype uncovered two additional apparently unrelated individuals with no known genealogical connection to the original kindred. All five participants with the defined haplotype were shown to share the rare variant by targeted Sanger sequencing. If this result were verified in a healthcare setting, it would be considered clinically actionable, and has been actioned in relatives ascertained independently through clinical presentation. The General Practitioners of four study participants with the rare variant were alerted to the research findings by letters outlining the phenotype (prolonged electrocardiographic QTc interval). A lack of detectable haplotype sharing between c.1750G > A; p.Gly584Ser chromosomes from previously reported individuals from Finland and those in this study from Shetland suggests that this mutation has arisen more than once in human history. This study showcases the potential value of isolate population-based research resources for genomic medicine. It also illustrates some challenges around communication of actionable findings in research participants in this context.
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Yang X, Zhang J, Zhang S. No association of COMT with insight problem solving in Chinese college students. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6755. [PMID: 31024766 PMCID: PMC6472467 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes involved in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission, such as the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT), have been suggested as key genetic candidates that might underlie the genetic basis of insight. In a sample of Chinese college students, this study examined whether COMT was associated with individual differences in the ability to solve classic insight problems. The results demonstrated that COMT was not associated with insight problem solving and there was no gender-dependent effect. This study, together with previous studies, raises the possibility of a complex relationship between COMT and insight problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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34
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Chang LH, Couvy-Duchesne B, Liu M, Medland SE, Verhulst B, Benotsch EG, Hickie IB, Martin NG, Gillespie NA. Association between polygenic risk for tobacco or alcohol consumption and liability to licit and illicit substance use in young Australian adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:271-279. [PMID: 30875648 PMCID: PMC11100300 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-morbid substance use is very common. Despite a historical focus using genetic epidemiology to investigate comorbid substance use and misuse, few studies have examined substance-substance associations using polygenic risk score (PRS) methods. METHODS Using summary statistics from the largest substance use GWAS to date (258,797- 632,802 subjects), GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN), we constructed PRSs for smoking initiation (PRS-SI), age of initiation of regular smoking (PRS-AI), cigarettes per day (PRS-CPD), smoking cessation (PRS-SC), and drinks per week (PRS-DPW). We then estimated the fixed effect of individual PRSs on 22 lifetime substance use and substance use disorder phenotypes collected in an independent sample of 2463 young Australian adults using genetic restricted maximal likelihood (GREML) in Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA), separately in females, males and both sexes together. RESULTS After accounting for multiple testing, PRS-SI significantly explained variation in the risk of cocaine (0.67%), amphetamine (1.54%), hallucinogens (0.72%), ecstasy (1.66%) and cannabis initiation (0.97%), as well as DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (0.72%). PRS-DPW explained 0.75%, 0.59% and 0.90% of the variation of cocaine, amphetamine and ecstasy initiation respectively. None of the 22 phenotypes including emergent classes of substance use were significantly predicted by PRS-AI, PRS-CPD, and PRS-SC. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to report significant genetic overlap between the polygenic risks for smoking initiation and alcohol consumption and the risk of initiating major classes of illicit substances. PRSs constructed from large discovery GWASs allows the detection of novel genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Hsien Chang
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brad Verhulst
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eric G Benotsch
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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35
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Baião R, Fearon P, Belsky J, Baptista J, Carneiro A, Pinto R, Nogueira M, Oliveira C, Soares I, Mesquita AR. Child's oxytocin response to mother-child interaction: The contribution of child genetics and maternal behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:79-83. [PMID: 30529717 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The oxytocinergic system is a primary biological system involved in regulating a child's needs for bonding and for protection from threats. It is responsive to social experiences in close relationships, though evidence across studies is not entirely consistent. Guided by previous literature, we investigated individual and environmental factors predicting and presumably affecting children's oxytocin (OT) response during mother-child interaction. by focusing on children's OXTR genotype, and maternal behavior, respectively. This was achieved by assessing salivary OT levels of 88 Portuguese preschoolers prior to and following a mother-child interaction task, and by genotyping children's OXTR SNP rs53576. Maternal interactive behavior was assessed using Ainsworth scales. Results indicated that child genotype and mother's sensitive responsiveness interacted in predicting change in child OT concentrations from before to after the interaction. Specifically, Genotypic differences emerged under conditions of low maternal sensitive responsiveness: OT levels increased over time for children with the GG genotype when maternal sensitive responsiveness was low, but no such genotypic differences were evident when mothers were highly sensitive responsive. Findings provide preliminary support for the notion that increased understanding of children's OT and close relationships requires consideration of both individual and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Baião
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal; Present address: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, UK
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Joana Baptista
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal; Present address: Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Carneiro
- Research Centre for Human Development, Catholic University of Portugal, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pinto
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal
| | | | - César Oliveira
- Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, Portugal; Present address: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Soares
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Ana R Mesquita
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal.
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Middeldorp CM, Felix JF, Mahajan A, McCarthy MI. The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia: design, results and future prospects. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:279-300. [PMID: 30887376 PMCID: PMC6447695 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel M Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
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37
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Conith AJ, Lam DT, Albertson RC. Muscle-induced loading as an important source of variation in craniofacial skeletal shape. Genesis 2018; 57:e23263. [PMID: 30418689 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The shape of the craniofacial skeleton is constantly changing through ontogeny and reflects a balance between developmental patterning and mechanical-load-induced remodeling. Muscles are a major contributor to producing the mechanical environment that is crucial for "normal" skull development. Here, we use an F5 hybrid population of Lake Malawi cichlids to characterize the strength and types of associations between craniofacial bones and muscles. We focus on four bones/bone complexes, with different developmental origins, alongside four muscles with distinct functions. We used micro-computed tomography to extract 3D information on bones and muscles. 3D geometric morphometrics and volumetric measurements were used to characterize bone and muscle shape, respectively. Linear regressions were performed to test for associations between bone shape and muscle volume. We identified three types of associations between muscles and bones: weak, strong direct (i.e., muscles insert directly onto bone), and strong indirect (i.e., bone is influenced by muscles without a direct connection). In addition, we show that although the shape of some bones is relatively robust to muscle-induced mechanical stimulus, others appear to be highly sensitive to muscular input. Our results imply that the roles for muscular input on skeletal shape extend beyond specific points of origin or insertion and hold significant potential to influence broader patterns of craniofacial geometry. Thus, changes in the loading environment, either as a normal course of ontogeny or if an organism is exposed to a novel environment, may have pronounced effects on skeletal shape via near and far-ranging effects of muscular loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Conith
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel T Lam
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - R Craig Albertson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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38
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Zhang J, Han X, Si S, Zhang S. The Interaction of TPH1 A779C Polymorphism and Maternal Authoritarianism on Creative Potential. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2106. [PMID: 30450068 PMCID: PMC6224424 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the possible mechanisms through which gene may interact with environment to influence creativity has been one of the leading issues in creativity research. In a sample of four hundred and twenty-one Chinese undergraduate students, the present study investigated for the first time the interaction of TPH1 A779C polymorphism and maternal parenting styles on creative potential. The results showed that there was a significant interaction of TPH1 A779C polymorphism and maternal authoritarianism on creative potential. Moreover, the analysis of regions of significance (Ros) provided supporting evidences for both the diathesis-stress model (flexibility) and the differential susceptibility model (originality). These findings extend our understanding concerning the mechanisms by which gene and environment may act in coordination to contribute to creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Si Si
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Antagonistic effect of IL1 variants in periodontitis and external apical root resorption: Evidence from a literature review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Baker LA, Rosa GJM, Hao Z, Piazza A, Hoffman C, Binversie EE, Sample SJ, Muir P. Multivariate genome-wide association analysis identifies novel and relevant variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk in the dog model. BMC Genet 2018; 19:39. [PMID: 29940858 PMCID: PMC6019516 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) is a debilitating and potentially life-changing condition in humans, as there is a high prevalence of early-onset osteoarthritis after injury. Identification of high-risk individuals before they become patients is important, as post-treatment lifetime burden of ACLR in the USA ranges from $7.6 to $17.7 billion annually. ACLR is a complex disease with multiple risk factors including genetic predisposition. Naturally occurring ACLR in the dog is an excellent model for human ACLR, as risk factors and disease characteristics in humans and dogs are similar. In a univariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 237 Labrador Retrievers, we identified 99 ACLR candidate loci. It is likely that additional variants remain to be identified. Joint analysis of multiple correlated phenotypes is an underutilized technique that increases statistical power, even when only one phenotype is associated with the trait. Proximal tibial morphology has been shown to affect ACLR risk in both humans and dogs. In the present study, tibial plateau angle (TPA) and relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW) were measured on bilateral radiographs from purebred Labrador Retrievers that were recruited to our initial GWAS. We performed a multivariate genome wide association analysis of ACLR status, TPA, and rTTW. Results Our analysis identified 3 loci with moderate evidence of association that were not previously associated with ACLR. A locus on Chr1 associated with both ACLR and rTTW is located within ROR2, a gene important for cartilage and bone development. A locus on Chr4 associated with both ACLR and TPA resides within DOCK2, a gene that has been shown to promote immune cell migration and invasion in synovitis, an important predictor of ACLR. A third locus on Chr23 associated with only ACLR is located near a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). LncRNA’s are important for regulation of gene transcription and translation. Conclusions These results did not overlap with our previous GWAS, which is reflective of the different methods used, and supports the need for further work. The results of the present study are highly relevant to ACLR pathogenesis, and identify potential drug targets for medical treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0626-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Baker
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Guilherme J M Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhengling Hao
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexander Piazza
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher Hoffman
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily E Binversie
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susannah J Sample
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter Muir
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Perrier C, Lozano del Campo A, Szulkin M, Demeyrier V, Gregoire A, Charmantier A. Great tits and the city: Distribution of genomic diversity and gene-environment associations along an urbanization gradient. Evol Appl 2018; 11:593-613. [PMID: 29875805 PMCID: PMC5979639 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is a growing concern challenging the evolutionary potential of wild populations by reducing genetic diversity and imposing new selection regimes affecting many key fitness traits. However, genomic footprints of urbanization have received little attention so far. Using RAD sequencing, we investigated the genomewide effects of urbanization on neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in 140 adult great tits Parus major collected in locations with contrasted urbanization levels (from a natural forest to highly urbanized areas of a city; Montpellier, France). Heterozygosity was slightly lower in the more urbanized sites compared to the more rural ones. Low but significant effect of urbanization on genetic differentiation was found, at the site level but not at the nest level, indicative of the geographic scale of urbanization impact and of the potential for local adaptation despite gene flow. Gene-environment association tests identified numerous SNPs with small association scores to urbanization, distributed across the genome, from which a subset of 97 SNPs explained up to 81% of the variance in urbanization, overall suggesting a polygenic response to selection in the urban environment. These findings open stimulating perspectives for broader applications of high-resolution genomic tools on other cities and larger sample sizes to investigate the consistency of the effects of urbanization on the spatial distribution of genetic diversity and the polygenic nature of gene-urbanization association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Perrier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE UMR 5175, Campus CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Ana Lozano del Campo
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE UMR 5175, Campus CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Marta Szulkin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE UMR 5175, Campus CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellier Cedex 5France
- Wild Urban Evolution and Ecology LaboratoryCentre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Virginie Demeyrier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE UMR 5175, Campus CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Arnaud Gregoire
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE UMR 5175, Campus CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Anne Charmantier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE UMR 5175, Campus CNRS, Université de MontpellierMontpellier Cedex 5France
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42
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Radder JE, Shapiro SD. Reply to: Quantitative Histology Seriously Flawed by Lack of Lung Volume Measurement. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:274-275. [PMID: 29388831 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0394le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josiah E Radder
- 1 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven D Shapiro
- 1 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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43
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Revilla M, Puig-Oliveras A, Crespo-Piazuelo D, Criado-Mesas L, Castelló A, Fernández AI, Ballester M, Folch JM. Expression analysis of candidate genes for fatty acid composition in adipose tissue and identification of regulatory regions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2045. [PMID: 29391556 PMCID: PMC5794915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the genetic basis of the backfat expression of lipid-related genes associated with meat quality traits in pigs. We performed a genome-wide association study with the backfat gene expression measured in 44 genes by qPCR and the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip genotypes in 115 Iberian x Landrace backcross animals. A total of 193 expression-associated SNPs located in 19 chromosomal regions were associated with expression levels of ACSM5, ELOVL6, FABP4, FADS2, and SLC27A4 genes. Three expression quantitative trail loci (eQTLs) corresponding to ACSM5, FABP4, and FADS2 were classified as cis-acting eQTLs, whereas the remaining 16 eQTLs have trans-regulatory effects. Remarkably, a SNP in the ACSM5 promoter region and a SNP in the 3′UTR region of FABP4 were the most associated polymorphisms with the ACSM5 and FABP4 expression levels, respectively. Moreover, relevant lipid-related genes mapped in the trans-eQTLs regions associated with the ACSM5, FABP4, FADS2, and SLC27A4 genes. Interestingly, a trans-eQTL hotspot on SSC13 regulating the gene expression of ELOVL6, ELOLV5, and SCD, three important genes implicated in the elongation and desaturation of fatty acids, was identified. These findings provide new data to further understand the functional regulatory mechanisms implicated in the variation of fatty acid composition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Revilla
- Animal Genomics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain. .,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Anna Puig-Oliveras
- Animal Genomics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
- Animal Genomics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lourdes Criado-Mesas
- Animal Genomics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Castelló
- Animal Genomics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana I Fernández
- Departamento de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ballester
- Departament de Genètica i Millora Animal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Josep M Folch
- Animal Genomics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Sanders AR, Beecham GW, Guo S, Dawood K, Rieger G, Badner JA, Gershon ES, Krishnappa RS, Kolundzija AB, Duan J, Gejman PV, Bailey JM, Martin ER. Genome-Wide Association Study of Male Sexual Orientation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16950. [PMID: 29217827 PMCID: PMC5721098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Family and twin studies suggest that genes play a role in male sexual orientation. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of male sexual orientation on a primarily European ancestry sample of 1,077 homosexual men and 1,231 heterosexual men using Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. We identified several SNPs with p < 10-5, including regions of multiple supporting SNPs on chromosomes 13 (minimum p = 7.5 × 10-7) and 14 (p = 4.7 × 10-7). The genes nearest to these peaks have functions plausibly relevant to the development of sexual orientation. On chromosome 13, SLITRK6 is a neurodevelopmental gene mostly expressed in the diencephalon, which contains a region previously reported as differing in size in men by sexual orientation. On chromosome 14, TSHR genetic variants in intron 1 could conceivably help explain past findings relating familial atypical thyroid function and male homosexuality. Furthermore, skewed X chromosome inactivation has been found in the thyroid condition, Graves' disease, as well as in mothers of homosexual men. On pericentromeric chromosome 8 within our previously reported linkage peak, we found support (p = 4.1 × 10-3) for a SNP association previously reported (rs77013977, p = 7.1 × 10-8), with the combined analysis yielding p = 6.7 × 10-9, i.e., a genome-wide significant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, 60201, United States of America.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America.
| | - Gary W Beecham
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Shengru Guo
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Khytam Dawood
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Gerulf Rieger
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, England, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A Badner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States of America
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Ritesha S Krishnappa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, New York, 11373, United States of America
| | - Alana B Kolundzija
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States of America
| | - Jubao Duan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, 60201, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, 60201, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - J Michael Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States of America
| | - Eden R Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
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Weafer J, Gray JC, Hernandez K, Palmer AA, MacKillop J, de Wit H. Hierarchical investigation of genetic influences on response inhibition in healthy young adults. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 25:512-520. [PMID: 29251981 PMCID: PMC5737791 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor inhibitory control is a known risk factor for substance use disorders, making it a priority to identify the determinants of these deficits. The aim of the current study was to identify genetic associations with inhibitory control using the stop signal task in a large sample (n = 934) of healthy young adults of European ancestry. We genotyped the subjects genome-wide and then used a hierarchical approach in which we tested seven a priori single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with stop signal task performance, approximately 9,000 SNPs designated as high-value addiction (HVA) markers by the SmokeScreen array, and approximately five million genotyped and imputed SNPs, followed by a gene-based association analysis using the resultant p values. A priori SNP analyses revealed nominally significant associations between response inhibition and one locus in HTR2A (rs6313; p = .04, dominance model, uncorrected) in the same direction as prior findings. A nominally significant association was also found in one locus in ANKK1 (rs1800497; p = .03, uncorrected), although in the opposite direction of previous reports. After accounting for multiple comparisons, the HVA, genome-wide, and gene-based analyses yielded no significant findings. This study implicates variation in serotonergic and dopaminergic genes while underscoring the difficulty of detecting the influence of individual SNPs, even when biological information is used to prioritize testing. Although such small effect sizes suggest limited utility of individual SNPs in predicting risk for addiction or other impulse control disorders, they may nonetheless shed light on complex biological processes underlying poor inhibitory control. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago
| | - Joshua C. Gray
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University
| | | | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University,Homewood Research Institute, Homewood Health Centre
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago,Corresponding author: Harriet de Wit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, MC 3077, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, Phone: 773-702-1537, Fax: 773-834-7698,
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A Novel Approach for Pathway Analysis of GWAS Data Highlights Role of BMP Signaling and Muscle Cell Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility. Twin Res Hum Genet 2017; 20:1-9. [PMID: 28105966 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2016.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized the field of gene mapping. As the GWAS field matures, it is becoming clear that for many complex traits, a proportion of the missing heritability is attributable to common variants of individually small effect. Detecting these small effects individually can be difficult, and statistical power would be increased if relevant variants could be grouped together for testing. Here, we propose a VEGAS2Pathway approach that aggregates association strength of individual markers into pre-specified biological pathways. It accounts for gene size and linkage disequilibrium between markers using simulations from the multivariate normal distribution. Pathway size is taken into account via a resampling approach. Importantly, since the approach only requires summary data, the method can easily be applied in all GWASs, including meta-analysis, singleton-based, family-based, and DNA-pooling-based designs. This approach is implemented in a user-friendly web page https://vegas2.qimrberghofer.edu.au and a command line tool. The web implementation uses gene-sets from the gene ontology (GO), curated gene-sets from MSigDB (containing canonical pathways and gene-sets from BIOCARTA, REACTOME, KEGG databases), PANTHER, and pathway commons databases, enabling analysis of a wide range of complex traits. We applied this method on a colorectal cancer GWAS meta-analysis data set (10,934 cases, 12,328 controls) from the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO). We report statistically significant enrichment of association signal for the 'BMP signaling' and 'muscle cell differentiation' pathways, suggesting a possible role for these pathways onto the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Panach L, Serna E, Tarín JJ, Cano A, García-Pérez MÁ. A translational approach from an animal model identifies CD80 as a candidate gene for the study of bone phenotypes in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2445-2455. [PMID: 28466138 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study represented a translational study that first compared gene expression of B cells of BM from ovariectomized and control mice, and then analyzed some of the differentially expressed genes in women. Results showed novel genetic associations with bone phenotypes and points to the CD80 gene as relevant in postmenopausal bone loss. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. However, to date, research into osteoporosis has only been able to explain a small part of its heritability. Moreover, several components of the immune system are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. Among them, B cells occupy a prominent place. METHODS The study consisted of two stages. In the first, gene expression in bone marrow B cells is compared between ovariectomized and SHAM control mice using microarrays. In the second, we studied the association of polymorphisms in some differentially expressed genes (DEG) in a cohort of postmenopausal women. RESULTS The present study has found 2791 DEG (false discovery rate (FDR) <5%), of which 1569 genes were upregulated (56.2%) and 1122 genes (43.8%) were downregulated. Among the most altered pathways were inflammation, interleukin signaling, B cell activation, TGF-beta signaling, oxidative stress response, and Wnt-signaling. Sixteen DEG were validated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or qPCR. The translational stage of the study genotyped nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DEG or related and detected association with bone mineral density (BMD) (nominal P values), while adjusting for confounders, for SNPs in the CD80, CD86, and HDAC5 genes. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders, in addition to the SNPs in the aforementioned genes, the SNPs in the MMP9 and SOX4 genes were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Finally, two SNPs (in the CD80 and SOX6 genes) were associated with an increased risk of bone fragility fracture (FF). However, after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, only the association between CD80 with BMD and risk of osteoporosis remained significant. CONCLUSION These results show that the use of animal models is an appropriate method for identifying genes associated with human bone phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Panach
- Research Unit - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Serna
- Research Unit - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - J J Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Á García-Pérez
- Research Unit - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.
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Müller BSF, Neves LG, de Almeida Filho JE, Resende MFR, Muñoz PR, Dos Santos PET, Filho EP, Kirst M, Grattapaglia D. Genomic prediction in contrast to a genome-wide association study in explaining heritable variation of complex growth traits in breeding populations of Eucalyptus. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:524. [PMID: 28693539 PMCID: PMC5504793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The advent of high-throughput genotyping technologies coupled to genomic prediction methods established a new paradigm to integrate genomics and breeding. We carried out whole-genome prediction and contrasted it to a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for growth traits in breeding populations of Eucalyptus benthamii (n =505) and Eucalyptus pellita (n =732). Both species are of increasing commercial interest for the development of germplasm adapted to environmental stresses. Results Predictive ability reached 0.16 in E. benthamii and 0.44 in E. pellita for diameter growth. Predictive abilities using either Genomic BLUP or different Bayesian methods were similar, suggesting that growth adequately fits the infinitesimal model. Genomic prediction models using ~5000–10,000 SNPs provided predictive abilities equivalent to using all 13,787 and 19,506 SNPs genotyped in the E. benthamii and E. pellita populations, respectively. No difference was detected in predictive ability when different sets of SNPs were utilized, based on position (equidistantly genome-wide, inside genes, linkage disequilibrium pruned or on single chromosomes), as long as the total number of SNPs used was above ~5000. Predictive abilities obtained by removing relatedness between training and validation sets fell near zero for E. benthamii and were halved for E. pellita. These results corroborate the current view that relatedness is the main driver of genomic prediction, although some short-range historical linkage disequilibrium (LD) was likely captured for E. pellita. A GWAS identified only one significant association for volume growth in E. pellita, illustrating the fact that while genome-wide regression is able to account for large proportions of the heritability, very little or none of it is captured into significant associations using GWAS in breeding populations of the size evaluated in this study. Conclusions This study provides further experimental data supporting positive prospects of using genome-wide data to capture large proportions of trait heritability and predict growth traits in trees with accuracies equal or better than those attainable by phenotypic selection. Additionally, our results document the superiority of the whole-genome regression approach in accounting for large proportions of the heritability of complex traits such as growth in contrast to the limited value of the local GWAS approach toward breeding applications in forest trees. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3920-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S F Müller
- Cell Biology Department, Molecular Biology Program, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.,EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Estação Parque Biológico, Brasília, DF, 70770-910, Brazil.,Forest Genomics Laboratory, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Janeo E de Almeida Filho
- Forest Genomics Laboratory, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Patricio R Muñoz
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | | | - Matias Kirst
- Forest Genomics Laboratory, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Dario Grattapaglia
- Cell Biology Department, Molecular Biology Program, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil. .,EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Estação Parque Biológico, Brasília, DF, 70770-910, Brazil.
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49
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Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an explosion in the depth, variety, and amount of human genetic data that can be generated. This revolution in technical and analytical capacities has enabled the genetic investigation of human traits and disease in thousands to now millions of participants. Investigators have taken advantage of these advancements to gain insight into platelet biology and the platelet's role in human disease. To do so, large human genetics studies have examined the association of genetic variation with two quantitative traits measured in many population and patient based cohorts: platelet count (PLT) and mean platelet volume (MPV). This article will review the many human genetic strategies-ranging from genome-wide association study (GWAS), Exomechip, whole exome sequencing (WES), to whole genome sequencing (WGS)-employed to identify genes and variants that contribute to platelet traits. Additionally, we will discuss how these investigations have examined and interpreted the functional implications of these newly identified genetic factors and whether they also impart risk to human disease. The depth and size of genetic, phenotypic, and other -omic data are primed to continue their growth in the coming years and provide unprecedented opportunities to gain critical insights into platelet biology and how platelets contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Eicher
- a Population Sciences Branch , National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study , Framingham , MA , USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- b Department of Medicine , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,c Montreal Heart Institute , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- a Population Sciences Branch , National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study , Framingham , MA , USA
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50
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Aterido A, Julià A, Carreira P, Blanco R, López-Longo JJ, Venegas JJP, Olivé À, Andreu JL, Aguirre-Zamorano MÁ, Vela P, Nolla JM, Marenco-de la Fuente JL, Zea A, Pego JM, Freire M, Díez E, López-Lasanta M, López-Corbeto M, Palau N, Tortosa R, Gelpí JL, Absher D, Myers RM, Fernández-Nebro A, Marsal S. Genome-wide pathway analysis identifies VEGF pathway association with oral ulceration in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:138. [PMID: 28619073 PMCID: PMC5471877 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a genetically complex rheumatic disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations of unknown etiology. Recent studies have suggested the existence of a genetic basis for SLE heterogeneity. The objective of the present study was to identify new genetic variation associated with the clinically relevant phenotypes in SLE. Methods A two-stage pathway-based approach was used to identify the genetic variation associated with the main clinical phenotypes in SLE. In the discovery stage, 482 SLE patients were genotyped using Illumina Human Quad610 microarrays. Association between 798 reference genetic pathways from the Molecular Signatures Database and 11 SLE phenotypes was tested using the set-based method implemented in PLINK software. Pathways significantly associated after multiple test correction were subsequently tested for replication in an independent cohort of 425 SLE patients. Using an in silico approach, we analyzed the functional effects of common SLE therapies on the replicated genetic pathways. The association of known SLE risk variants with the development of the clinical phenotypes was also analyzed. Results In the discovery stage, we found a significant association between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and oral ulceration (P value for false discovery rate (PFDR) < 0.05), and between the negative regulation signaling pathway of retinoic acid inducible gene-I/melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 and the production of antinuclear antibodies (PFDR < 0.05). In the replication stage, we validated the association between the VEGF pathway and oral ulceration. Therapies commonly used to treat mucocutaneous phenotypes in SLE were found to strongly influence VEGF pathway gene expression (P = 4.60e-4 to 5.38e-14). Analysis of known SLE risk loci identified a strong association between PTPN22 and the risk of hematologic disorder and with the development of antinuclear antibodies. Conclusions The present study has identified VEGF genetic pathway association with the risk of oral ulceration in SLE. New therapies targeting the VEGF pathway could be more effective in reducing the severity of this phenotype. These findings represent a first step towards the understanding of the genetic basis of phenotype heterogeneity in SLE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1345-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Aterido
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08005, Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
| | - Patricia Carreira
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, 39008, Spain
| | | | | | - Àlex Olivé
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - José Luís Andreu
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, 28222, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Vela
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, 03010, Spain
| | - Joan M Nolla
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Zea
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Pego
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Ourense y Pontevedra, 36204, Spain
| | - Mercedes Freire
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - Elvira Díez
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, 24001, Spain
| | - María López-Lasanta
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Mireia López-Corbeto
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Núria Palau
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Raül Tortosa
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Gelpí
- Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, 35806, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, 35806, USA
| | - Antonio Fernández-Nebro
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain.
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
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