1
|
Vékony RG, Tamás A, Lukács A, Ujfalusi Z, Lőrinczy D, Takács-Kollár V, Bukovics P. Exploring the Role of Neuropeptide PACAP in Cytoskeletal Function Using Spectroscopic Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8063. [PMID: 39125632 PMCID: PMC11311697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The behavior and presence of actin-regulating proteins are characteristic of various clinical diseases. Changes in these proteins significantly impact the cytoskeletal and regenerative processes underlying pathological changes. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a cytoprotective neuropeptide abundant in the nervous system and endocrine organs, plays a key role in neuron differentiation and migration by influencing actin. This study aims to elucidate the role of PACAP as an actin-regulating polypeptide, its effect on actin filament formation, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We examined PACAP27, PACAP38, and PACAP6-38, measuring their binding to actin monomers via fluorescence spectroscopy and steady-state anisotropy. Functional polymerization tests were used to track changes in fluorescent intensity over time. Unlike PACAP27, PACAP38 and PACAP6-38 significantly reduced the fluorescence emission of Alexa488-labeled actin monomers and increased their anisotropy, showing nearly identical dissociation equilibrium constants. PACAP27 showed weak binding to globular actin (G-actin), while PACAP38 and PACAP6-38 exhibited robust interactions. PACAP27 did not affect actin polymerization, but PACAP38 and PACAP6-38 accelerated actin incorporation kinetics. Fluorescence quenching experiments confirmed structural changes upon PACAP binding; however, all studied PACAP fragments exhibited the same effect. Our findings indicate that PACAP38 and PACAP6-38 strongly bind to G-actin and significantly influence actin polymerization. Further studies are needed to fully understand the biological significance of these interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gábor Vékony
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.G.V.); (A.L.); (Z.U.); (D.L.); (V.T.-K.)
| | - Andrea Tamás
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - András Lukács
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.G.V.); (A.L.); (Z.U.); (D.L.); (V.T.-K.)
| | - Zoltán Ujfalusi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.G.V.); (A.L.); (Z.U.); (D.L.); (V.T.-K.)
| | - Dénes Lőrinczy
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.G.V.); (A.L.); (Z.U.); (D.L.); (V.T.-K.)
| | - Veronika Takács-Kollár
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.G.V.); (A.L.); (Z.U.); (D.L.); (V.T.-K.)
| | - Péter Bukovics
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.G.V.); (A.L.); (Z.U.); (D.L.); (V.T.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu R, Sun Y, Zhou Z, Dong Z, Liu Y, Liu M, Gao H. MEF2C contributes to axonal branching by regulating Kif2c transcription. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:3389-3402. [PMID: 38663879 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Neurons are post-mitotic cells, with microtubules playing crucial roles in axonal transport and growth. Kinesin family member 2c (KIF2C), a member of the Kinesin-13 family, possesses the ability to depolymerize microtubules and is involved in remodelling the microtubule lattice. Myocyte enhancer factor 2c (MEF2C) was initially identified as a regulator of muscle differentiation but has recently been associated with neurological abnormalities such as severe cognitive impairment, stereotyping, epilepsy and brain malformations when mutated or deleted. However, further investigation is required to determine which target genes MEF2C acts upon to influence neuronal function as a transcription regulator. Our data demonstrate that knockdown of both Mef2c and Kif2c significantly impacts spinal motor neuron development and behaviour in zebrafish. Luciferase reporter assays and chromosome immunoprecipitation assays, along with down/upregulated expression analysis, revealed that MFE2C functions as a novel transcription regulator for the Kif2c gene. Additionally, the knockdown of either Mef2c or Kif2c expression in E18 cortical neurons substantially reduces the number of primary neurites and axonal branches during neuronal development in vitro without affecting neurite length. Finally, depletion of Kif2c eliminated the effects of overexpression of Mef2c on the neurite branching. Based on these findings, we provided novel evidence demonstrating that MEF2C regulates the transcription of the Kif2c gene thereby influencing the axonal branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhangji Dong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huasong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernandez-Morato I, Koss S, Honzel E, Pitman MJ. Netrin-1 as A neural guidance protein in development and reinnervation of the larynx. Ann Anat 2024; 254:152247. [PMID: 38458575 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Neural guidance proteins participate in motor neuron migration, axonal projection, and muscle fiber innervation during development. One of the guidance proteins that participates in axonal pathfinding is Netrin-1. Despite the well-known role of Netrin-1 in embryogenesis of central nervous tissue, it is still unclear how the expression of this guidance protein contributes to primary innervation of the periphery, as well as reinnervation. This is especially true in the larynx where Netrin-1 is upregulated within the intrinsic laryngeal muscles after nerve injury and where blocking of Netrin-1 alters the pattern of reinnervation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Despite this consistent finding, it is unknown how Netrin-1 expression contributes to guidance of the axons towards the larynx. Improved knowledge of Netrin-1's role in nerve regeneration and reinnervation post-injury in comparison to its role in primary innervation during embryological development, may provide insights in the search for therapeutics to treat nerve injury. This paper reviews the known functions of Netrin-1 during the formation of the central nervous system and during cranial nerve primary innervation. It also describes the role of Netrin-1 in the formation of the larynx and during recurrent laryngeal reinnervation following nerve injury in the adult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Hernandez-Morato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Shira Koss
- ENT Associates of Nassau County, Levittown, NY, United States
| | - Emily Honzel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J Pitman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Yang SG, Zhou FQ. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling in neural regeneration in vivo. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad075. [PMID: 38059848 PMCID: PMC11063957 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling plays important and broad roles in regulating neural development in vitro and in vivo. Here, we reviewed recent findings of GSK3-regulated axon regeneration in vivo in both the peripheral and central nervous systems and discussed a few controversial findings in the field. Overall, current evidence indicates that GSK3β signaling serves as an important downstream mediator of the PI3K-AKT pathway to regulate axon regeneration in parallel with the mTORC1 pathway. Specifically, the mTORC1 pathway supports axon regeneration mainly through its role in regulating cap-dependent protein translation, whereas GSK3β signaling might be involved in regulating N6-methyladenosine mRNA methylation-mediated, cap-independent protein translation. In addition, GSK3 signaling also plays a key role in reshaping the neuronal transcriptomic landscape during neural regeneration. Finally, we proposed some research directions to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory function of GSK3 signaling and discover novel GSK3 signaling-related therapeutic targets. Together, we hope to provide an updated and insightful overview of how GSK3 signaling regulates neural regeneration in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shu-Guang Yang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pei Q, Zhao Q, Lang C, Feng S, Meng J, Tan G, Cui W, Zhang C, Luo X, Xu L, Chen J. Alleviating Severe Cytoskeletal Destruction of Spinal Motor Neurons: Another Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Spinal Cord Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1456-1468. [PMID: 38472087 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment remains a major challenge. Spinal motor neurons (MNs) are seriously injured in the early stage after SCI, but this has not received sufficient attention. Oxidative stress is known to play a crucial role in SCI pathology. Our studies demonstrated that oxidative stress can cause severe damage to the cytoskeleton of spinal MNs. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to have beneficial effects on SCI, but the mechanism remains unclear, and no study has investigated the effect of DHA on oxidative stress-induced spinal MN injury. Here, we investigated the effect of DHA on spinal MN injury through in vivo and in vitro experiments, focusing on the cytoskeleton. We found that DHA not only promoted spinal MN survival but, more importantly, alleviated the severe cytoskeletal destruction of these neurons induced by oxidative stress in vitro and in mice with SCI in vivo. In addition, the mechanisms involved were investigated and elucidated. These results not only suggested a beneficial role of DHA in spinal MN cytoskeletal destruction caused by oxidative stress and SCI but also indicated the important role of the spinal MN cytoskeleton in the recovery of motor function after SCI. Our study provides new insights for the formulation of SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Pei
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Qiurong Zhao
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Chunhui Lang
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Shilong Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Juanjuan Meng
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Guangjiao Tan
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Xiaohe Luo
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Izhiman Y, Esfandiari L. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles and exogenous stimuli in molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1368630. [PMID: 38572074 PMCID: PMC10989355 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1368630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries lead to significant morbidity and adversely affect quality of life. The peripheral nervous system harbors the unique trait of autonomous regeneration; however, achieving successful regeneration remains uncertain. Research continues to augment and expedite successful peripheral nerve recovery, offering promising strategies for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR). These include leveraging extracellular vesicle (EV) communication and harnessing cellular activation through electrical and mechanical stimulation. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), 30-150 nm in diameter, play a pivotal role in regulating intercellular communication within the regenerative cascade, specifically among nerve cells, Schwann cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the utilization of exogenous stimuli, including electrical stimulation (ES), ultrasound stimulation (US), and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), offers remarkable advantages in accelerating and augmenting PNR. Moreover, the application of mechanical and electrical stimuli can potentially affect the biogenesis and secretion of sEVs, consequently leading to potential improvements in PNR. In this review article, we comprehensively delve into the intricacies of cell-to-cell communication facilitated by sEVs and the key regulatory signaling pathways governing PNR. Additionally, we investigated the broad-ranging impacts of ES, US, and ESWT on PNR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Izhiman
- Esfandiari Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Esfandiari Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma C, Wang J, Tu Q, Bo W, Hu Z, Zhuo R, Wu R, Dong Z, Qiang L, Liu Y, Liu M. Fidgetin interacting with microtubule end binding protein EB3 affects axonal regrowth in spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2727-2732. [PMID: 37449637 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fidgetin, a microtubule-severing enzyme, regulates neurite outgrowth, axonal regeneration, and cell migration by trimming off the labile domain of microtubule polymers. Because maintenance of the microtubule labile domain is essential for axon initiation, elongation, and navigation, it is of interest to determine whether augmenting the microtubule labile domain via depletion of fidgetin serves as a therapeutic approach to promote axonal regrowth in spinal cord injury. In this study, we constructed rat models of spinal cord injury and sciatic nerve injury. Compared with spinal cord injury, we found that expression level of tyrosinated microtubules in the labile portion of microtubules continuously increased, whereas fidgetin decreased after peripheral nerve injury. Depletion of fidgetin enhanced axon regeneration after spinal cord injury, whereas expression level of end binding protein 3 (EB3) markedly increased. Next, we performed RNA interference to knockdown EB3 or fidgetin. We found that deletion of EB3 did not change fidgetin expression. Conversely, deletion of fidgetin markedly increased expression of tyrosinated microtubules and EB3. Deletion of fidgetin increased the amount of EB3 at the end of neurites and thereby increased the level of tyrosinated microtubules. Finally, we deleted EB3 and overexpressed fidgetin. We found that fidgetin trimmed tyrosinated tubulins by interacting with EB3. When fidgetin was deleted, the labile portion of microtubules was elongated, and as a result the length of axons and number of axon branches were increased. These findings suggest that fidgetin can be used as a novel therapeutic target to promote axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. Furthermore, they reveal an innovative mechanism by which fidgetin preferentially severs labile microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qifeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weijuan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zunlu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Run Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhangji Dong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Qiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian T, Zhang S, Yang M. Recent progress and challenges in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Protein Cell 2023; 14:635-652. [PMID: 36856750 PMCID: PMC10501188 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the structural and functional connectivity between the higher center and the spinal cord, resulting in severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction with a variety of complications. The pathophysiology of SCI is complicated and multifaceted, and thus individual treatments acting on a specific aspect or process are inadequate to elicit neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Combinatory strategies targeting multiple aspects of SCI pathology have achieved greater beneficial effects than individual therapy alone. Although many problems and challenges remain, the encouraging outcomes that have been achieved in preclinical models offer a promising foothold for the development of novel clinical strategies to treat SCI. In this review, we characterize the mechanisms underlying axon regeneration of adult neurons and summarize recent advances in facilitating functional recovery following SCI at both the acute and chronic stages. In addition, we analyze the current status, remaining problems, and realistic challenges towards clinical translation. Finally, we consider the future of SCI treatment and provide insights into how to narrow the translational gap that currently exists between preclinical studies and clinical practice. Going forward, clinical trials should emphasize multidisciplinary conversation and cooperation to identify optimal combinatorial approaches to maximize therapeutic benefit in humans with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hey G, Willman M, Patel A, Goutnik M, Willman J, Lucke-Wold B. Stem Cell Scaffolds for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury-A Review. BIOMECHANICS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:322-342. [PMID: 37664542 PMCID: PMC10469078 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a profoundly debilitating yet common central nervous system condition resulting in significant morbidity and mortality rates. Major causes of SCI encompass traumatic incidences such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports injuries. Present treatment strategies for SCI aim to improve and enhance neurologic functionality. The ability for neural stem cells (NSCs) to differentiate into diverse neural and glial cell precursors has stimulated the investigation of stem cell scaffolds as potential therapeutics for SCI. Various scaffolding modalities including composite materials, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and hydrogels have been explored. However, most trials remain largely in the preclinical stage, emphasizing the need to further develop and refine these treatment strategies before clinical implementation. In this review, we delve into the physiological processes that underpin NSC differentiation, including substrates and signaling pathways required for axonal regrowth post-injury, and provide an overview of current and emerging stem cell scaffolding platforms for SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hey
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Aashay Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael Goutnik
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jonathan Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fidgetin impacts axonal growth and branching in a local mTOR signal dependent manner. Exp Neurol 2023; 361:114315. [PMID: 36586551 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurons require a constant increase in protein synthesis during axonal growth and regeneration. AKT-mTOR is a central pathway for mammalian cell survival and regeneration. Fidgetin (Fign) is an ATP-dependent microtubule (MT)-severing enzyme whose functions are associated with neurite outgrowth, axon regeneration and cell migration. Although most previous studies have indicated that depletion of Fign is involved in those biological activities by increasing labile MT mass, it remains unknown whether mTOR activation contributes to this process. Here, we showed that depletion of Fign enhanced p-mTOR/p-S6K activation, and the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin inhibited axon outgrowth and p-rpS6 activation. We then investigated the effects of neuronal-specific Fign deletion in a rat spinal cord hemisection model by injecting syn-GFP Fign shRNA virus. BBB values revealed an improvement in functional recovery. The p-mTOR was activated along with neuronal Fign depletion. The syn-mCherry virus showed more sprouting neurites entering the injury region, which was confirmed by immunostaining GAP43 protein. Further, we showed that Fign siRNA treatment promoted axon outgrowth and branching, whose underlying mechanism was firstly attributed to local activation of the mTOR pathway, and increased MT dynamicity. Finally, considering L-leucine, promotes axonal growth and neuronal survival, we applied L-leucine with Fign depletion after spinal cord injury or in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan inhibitory molecules. The phenomenon of synergistically augmented axon regeneration was observed. In summary, our results indicated a novel local mTOR pathway for fidgetin to impact axon growth and provided a combined strategy in SCI.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lichterfeld Y, Kalinski L, Schunk S, Schmakeit T, Feles S, Frett T, Herrmann H, Hemmersbach R, Liemersdorf C. Hypergravity Attenuates Reactivity in Primary Murine Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081966. [PMID: 36009513 PMCID: PMC9405820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity is the key modulator of nearly every aspect of behavior, affecting cognition, learning, and memory as well as motion. Hence, disturbances of the transmission of synaptic signals are the main cause of many neurological disorders. Lesions to nervous tissues are associated with phenotypic changes mediated by astrocytes becoming reactive. Reactive astrocytes form the basis of astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Astrocyte reactivity is often targeted to inhibit axon dystrophy and thus promote neuronal regeneration. Here, we aim to understand the impact of gravitational loading induced by hypergravity to potentially modify key features of astrocyte reactivity. We exposed primary murine astrocytes as a model system closely resembling the in vivo reactivity phenotype on custom-built centrifuges for cultivation as well as for live-cell imaging under hypergravity conditions in a physiological range (2g and 10g). We revealed spreading rates, migration velocities, and stellation to be diminished under 2g hypergravity. In contrast, proliferation and apoptosis rates were not affected. In particular, hypergravity attenuated reactivity induction. We observed cytoskeletal remodeling of actin filaments and microtubules under hypergravity. Hence, the reorganization of these key elements of cell structure demonstrates that fundamental mechanisms on shape and mobility of astrocytes are affected due to altered gravity conditions. In future experiments, potential target molecules for pharmacological interventions that attenuate astrocytic reactivity will be investigated. The ultimate goal is to enhance neuronal regeneration for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Lichterfeld
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Kalinski
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Schunk
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Schmakeit
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Feles
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo Frett
- Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Liemersdorf
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-176-811-09-333
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Higgs VE, Das RM. Establishing neuronal polarity: microtubule regulation during neurite initiation. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac007. [PMID: 38596701 PMCID: PMC10913830 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The initiation of nascent projections, or neurites, from the neuronal cell body is the first stage in the formation of axons and dendrites, and thus a critical step in the establishment of neuronal architecture and nervous system development. Neurite formation relies on the polarized remodelling of microtubules, which dynamically direct and reinforce cell shape, and provide tracks for cargo transport and force generation. Within neurons, microtubule behaviour and structure are tightly controlled by an array of regulatory factors. Although microtubule regulation in the later stages of axon development is relatively well understood, how microtubules are regulated during neurite initiation is rarely examined. Here, we discuss how factors that direct microtubule growth, remodelling, stability and positioning influence neurite formation. In addition, we consider microtubule organization by the centrosome and modulation by the actin and intermediate filament networks to provide an up-to-date picture of this vital stage in neuronal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Higgs
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Raman M Das
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Islam A, Tom VJ. The use of viral vectors to promote repair after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114102. [PMID: 35513025 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that can permanently disrupt multiple modalities. Unfortunately, the combination of the inhibitory environment at a central nervous system (CNS) injury site and the diminished intrinsic capacity of adult axons for growth results in the failure for robust axonal regeneration, limiting the ability for repair. Delivering genetic material that can either positively or negatively modulate gene expression has the potential to counter the obstacles that hinder axon growth within the spinal cord after injury. A popular gene therapy method is to deliver the genetic material using viral vectors. There are considerations when deciding on a viral vector approach for a particular application, including the type of vector, as well as serotypes, and promoters. In this review, we will discuss some of the aspects to consider when utilizing a viral vector approach to as a therapy for SCI. Additionally, we will discuss some recent applications of gene therapy to target extrinsic and/or intrinsic barriers to promote axon regeneration after SCI in preclinical models. While still in early stages, this approach has potential to treat those living with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Islam
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veronica J Tom
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heras-Romero Y, Morales-Guadarrama A, Santana-Martínez R, Ponce I, Rincón-Heredia R, Poot-Hernández AC, Martínez-Moreno A, Urrieta E, Bernal-Vicente BN, Campero-Romero AN, Moreno-Castilla P, Greig NH, Escobar ML, Concha L, Tovar-Y-Romo LB. Improved post-stroke spontaneous recovery by astrocytic extracellular vesicles. Mol Ther 2022; 30:798-815. [PMID: 34563674 PMCID: PMC8821969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous recovery after a stroke accounts for a significant part of the neurological recovery in patients. However limited, the spontaneous recovery is mechanistically driven by axonal restorative processes for which several molecular cues have been previously described. We report the acceleration of spontaneous recovery in a preclinical model of ischemia/reperfusion in rats via a single intracerebroventricular administration of extracellular vesicles released from primary cortical astrocytes. We used magnetic resonance imaging and confocal and multiphoton microscopy to correlate the structural remodeling of the corpus callosum and striatocortical circuits with neurological performance during 21 days. We also evaluated the functionality of the corpus callosum by repetitive recordings of compound action potentials to show that the recovery facilitated by astrocytic extracellular vesicles was both anatomical and functional. Our data provide compelling evidence that astrocytes can hasten the basal recovery that naturally occurs post-stroke through the release of cellular mediators contained in extracellular vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Heras-Romero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axayacatl Morales-Guadarrama
- Departmento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; National Center for Medical Imaging and Instrumentation Research, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Santana-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Ponce
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Microscopy Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Augusto César Poot-Hernández
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Martínez-Moreno
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esteban Urrieta
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice N Bernal-Vicente
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aura N Campero-Romero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Aging, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martha L Escobar
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Concha
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vitória JJM, Trigo D, da Cruz E Silva OAB. Revisiting APP secretases: an overview on the holistic effects of retinoic acid receptor stimulation in APP processing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:101. [PMID: 35089425 PMCID: PMC11073327 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and is characterized by the accumulation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain, along with profound alterations in phosphorylation-related events and regulatory pathways. The production of the neurotoxic Aβ peptide via amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis is a crucial step in AD development. APP is highly expressed in the brain and is complexly metabolized by a series of sequential secretases, commonly denoted the α-, β-, and γ-cleavages. The toxicity of resulting fragments is a direct consequence of the first cleaving event. β-secretase (BACE1) induces amyloidogenic cleavages, while α-secretases (ADAM10 and ADAM17) result in less pathological peptides. Hence this first cleavage event is a prime therapeutic target for preventing or reverting initial biochemical events involved in AD. The subsequent cleavage by γ-secretase has a reduced impact on Aβ formation but affects the peptides' aggregating capacity. An array of therapeutic strategies are being explored, among them targeting Retinoic Acid (RA) signalling, which has long been associated with neuronal health. Additionally, several studies have described altered RA levels in AD patients, reinforcing RA Receptor (RAR) signalling as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review we provide a holistic approach focussing on the effects of isoform-specific RAR modulation with respect to APP secretases and discuss its advantages and drawbacks in subcellular AD related events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José J M Vitória
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo Trigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He QR, Cong M, Yu FH, Ji YH, Yu S, Shi HY, Ding F. Peripheral nerve fibroblasts secrete neurotrophic factors to promote axon growth of motoneurons. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1833-1840. [PMID: 35017446 PMCID: PMC8820717 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve fibroblasts play a critical role in nerve development and regeneration. Our previous study found that peripheral nerve fibroblasts have different sensory and motor phenotypes. Fibroblasts of different phenotypes can guide the migration of Schwann cells to the same sensory or motor phenotype. In this study, we analyzed the different effects of peripheral nerve-derived fibroblasts and cardiac fibroblasts on motoneurons. Compared with cardiac fibroblasts, peripheral nerve fibroblasts greatly promoted motoneuron neurite outgrowth. Transcriptome analysis results identified 491 genes that were differentially expressed in peripheral nerve fibroblasts and cardiac fibroblasts. Among these, 130 were significantly upregulated in peripheral nerve fibroblasts compared with cardiac fibroblasts. These genes may be involved in axon guidance and neuron projection. Three days after sciatic nerve transection in rats, peripheral nerve fibroblasts accumulated in the proximal and distal nerve stumps, and most expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In vitro, brain-derived neurotrophic factor secreted from peripheral nerve fibroblasts increased the expression of β-actin and F-actin through the extracellular regulated protein kinase and serine/threonine kinase pathways, and enhanced motoneuron neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that peripheral nerve fibroblasts and cardiac fibroblasts exhibit different patterns of gene expression. Peripheral nerve fibroblasts can promote motoneuron neurite outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ru He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan-Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Hua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kulkarni SS, Sabharwal V, Sheoran S, Basu A, Matsumoto K, Hisamoto N, Ghosh-Roy A, Koushika SP. UNC-16 alters DLK-1 localization and negatively regulates actin and microtubule dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans regenerating neurons. Genetics 2021; 219:6359182. [PMID: 34740241 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal regeneration after injury depends on the intrinsic growth potential of neurons. Our study shows that UNC-16, a Caenorhabditis elegans JIP3 homolog, inhibits axonal regeneration by regulating initiation and rate of regrowth. This occurs through the inhibition of the regeneration-promoting activity of the long isoform of DLK-1 and independently of the inhibitory short isoform of DLK-1. We show that UNC-16 promotes DLK-1 punctate localization in a concentration-dependent manner limiting the availability of the long isoform of DLK-1 at the cut site, minutes after injury. UNC-16 negatively regulates actin dynamics through DLK-1 and microtubule dynamics partially via DLK-1. We show that post-injury cytoskeletal dynamics in unc-16 mutants are also partially dependent on CEBP-1. The faster regeneration seen in unc-16 mutants does not lead to functional recovery. Our data suggest that the inhibitory control by UNC-16 and the short isoform of DLK-1 balances the intrinsic growth-promoting function of the long isoform of DLK-1 in vivo. We propose a model where UNC-16's inhibitory role in regeneration occurs through both a tight temporal and spatial control of DLK-1 and cytoskeletal dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta S Kulkarni
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Vidur Sabharwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Seema Sheoran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Atrayee Basu
- Department of Biotechnology National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India
| | - Kunihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan
| | - Naoki Hisamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan
| | - Anindya Ghosh-Roy
- Department of Biotechnology National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India
| | - Sandhya P Koushika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martinez D, Zhu M, Guidry JJ, Majeste N, Mao H, Yanofsky ST, Tian X, Wu C. Mask, the Drosophila ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein, affects microtubule stability. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272264. [PMID: 34553767 PMCID: PMC8572007 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of microtubule (MT) stability and dynamics is vital for essential cellular processes, including axonal transportation and synaptic growth and remodeling in neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Drosophila ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein Mask negatively affects MT stability in both larval muscles and motor neurons. In larval muscles, loss-of-function of mask increases MT polymer length, and in motor neurons, loss of mask function results in overexpansion of the presynaptic terminal at the larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). mask genetically interacts with stathmin (stai), a neuronal modulator of MT stability, in the regulation of axon transportation and synaptic terminal stability. Our structure–function analysis of Mask revealed that its ankyrin repeats domain-containing N-terminal portion is sufficient to mediate Mask's impact on MT stability. Furthermore, we discovered that Mask negatively regulates the abundance of the MT-associated protein Jupiter in motor neuron axons, and that neuronal knocking down of Jupiter partially suppresses mask loss-of-function phenotypes at the larval NMJs. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that Mask is a novel regulator for MT stability, and such a role of Mask requires normal function of Jupiter. Summary: Mask is a novel regulator of MT stability in Drosophila. Mask shows prominent interplay with two important modulators of MT, Tau and Stathmin (Stai), whose mutations are related to human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martinez
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Proteomics Core Facility, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Niles Majeste
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sarah T Yanofsky
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chunlai Wu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim H, Hong JY, Lee J, Jeon WJ, Ha IH. Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090603. [PMID: 34564607 PMCID: PMC8472698 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underlying mechanism and very little is known regarding the toxicological characterization of other compounds in bee venom. Here, cultured mature cortical neurons were treated with bee venom components, including apamin, phospholipase A2, and the main component, melittin. Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee venom caused a neurotoxic effect in dose-dependent manner, but apamin did not induce neurotoxicity in mature cortical neurons in doses of up to 10 µg/mL. Next, 1 and 10 µg/mL of apamin were applied to cultivate mature cortical neurons. Apamin accelerated neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration after laceration injury. Furthermore, apamin induced the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin nerve growth factor, as well as regeneration-associated gene expression in mature cortical neurons. Due to its neurotherapeutic effects, apamin may be a promising candidate for the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2222-2740; Fax: +82-2-527-1869
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aldskogius H, Kozlova EN. Dorsal Root Injury-A Model for Exploring Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2021; 10:2185. [PMID: 34571835 PMCID: PMC8470715 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms of spinal cord injury is fundamental for our possibility to develop successful therapeutic approaches. These approaches need to address the issues of the emergence of a non-permissive environment for axonal growth in the spinal cord, in combination with a failure of injured neurons to mount an effective regeneration program. Experimental in vivo models are of critical importance for exploring the potential clinical relevance of mechanistic findings and therapeutic innovations. However, the highly complex organization of the spinal cord, comprising multiple types of neurons, which form local neural networks, as well as short and long-ranging ascending or descending pathways, complicates detailed dissection of mechanistic processes, as well as identification/verification of therapeutic targets. Inducing different types of dorsal root injury at specific proximo-distal locations provide opportunities to distinguish key components underlying spinal cord regeneration failure. Crushing or cutting the dorsal root allows detailed analysis of the regeneration program of the sensory neurons, as well as of the glial response at the dorsal root-spinal cord interface without direct trauma to the spinal cord. At the same time, a lesion at this interface creates a localized injury of the spinal cord itself, but with an initial neuronal injury affecting only the axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons, and still a glial cell response closely resembling the one seen after direct spinal cord injury. In this review, we provide examples of previous research on dorsal root injury models and how these models can help future exploration of mechanisms and potential therapies for spinal cord injury repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Aldskogius
- Laboratory of Regenertive Neurobiology, Biomedical Center, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen S, Liu A, Wu C, Chen Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wu K, Wei D, Sun J, Zhou L, Fan H. Static-Dynamic Profited Viscoelastic Hydrogels for Motor-Clutch-Regulated Neurogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24463-24476. [PMID: 34024102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viscoelasticity, a time-scale mechanical feature of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), is reported to play crucial roles in plentiful cellular behaviors, whereas its effects on neuronal behavior and the underlying molecular mechanism still remain obscure. Challenges are faced in the biocompatible synthesis of neural ECM-mimicked scaffolds solely controlled with viscoelasticity and due to the lack of suitable models for neurons-viscoelastic matrix interaction. Herein, we report difunctional hyaluronan-collagen hydrogels prepared by a static-dynamic strategy. The hydrogels show aldehyde concentration-dependent viscoelasticity and similar initial elastic modulus, fibrillar morphology, swelling as well as degradability. Utilizing the resulting hydrogels, for the first time, we demonstrate matrix viscoelasticity-dependent neuronal responses, including neurite elongation and expression of neurogenic proteins. Then, a motor-clutch model modified with a tension dissipation component is developed to account for the molecular mechanism for viscoelasticity-sensitive neuronal responses. Moreover, we prove enhanced recovery of rat spinal cord injury by implanting cell-free viscoelastic grafts. As a pioneer finding on neurons-viscoelastic matrix interaction both in vitro and in vivo, this work provides intriguing insights not only into nerve repair but also into neuroscience and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suping Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Amin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Knocking Out Non-muscle Myosin II in Retinal Ganglion Cells Promotes Long-Distance Optic Nerve Regeneration. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107537. [PMID: 32320663 PMCID: PMC7219759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to altered gene expression, pathological cytoskeletal dynamics in the axon are another key intrinsic barrier for axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that knocking out myosin IIA and IIB (myosin IIA/B) in retinal ganglion cells alone, either before or after optic nerve crush, induces significant optic nerve regeneration. Combined Lin28a overexpression and myosin IIA/B knockout lead to an additive promoting effect and long-distance axon regeneration. Immunostaining, RNA sequencing, and western blot analyses reveal that myosin II deletion does not affect known axon regeneration signaling pathways or the expression of regeneration-associated genes. Instead, it abolishes the retraction bulb formation and significantly enhances the axon extension efficiency. The study provides clear evidence that directly targeting neuronal cytoskeleton is sufficient to induce significant CNS axon regeneration and that combining altered gene expression in the soma and modified cytoskeletal dynamics in the axon is a promising approach for long-distance CNS axon regeneration.
Collapse
|
23
|
The Role of Lipids, Lipid Metabolism and Ectopic Lipid Accumulation in Axon Growth, Regeneration and Repair after CNS Injury and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051078. [PMID: 34062747 PMCID: PMC8147289 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Axons in the adult mammalian nervous system can extend over formidable distances, up to one meter or more in humans. During development, axonal and dendritic growth requires continuous addition of new membrane. Of the three major kinds of membrane lipids, phospholipids are the most abundant in all cell membranes, including neurons. Not only immature axons, but also severed axons in the adult require large amounts of lipids for axon regeneration to occur. Lipids also serve as energy storage, signaling molecules and they contribute to tissue physiology, as demonstrated by a variety of metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of lipids accumulate in various tissues through the body. Detrimental changes in lipid metabolism and excess accumulation of lipids contribute to a lack of axon regeneration, poor neurological outcome and complications after a variety of central nervous system (CNS) trauma including brain and spinal cord injury. Recent evidence indicates that rewiring lipid metabolism can be manipulated for therapeutic gain, as it favors conditions for axon regeneration and CNS repair. Here, we review the role of lipids, lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation in axon growth, regeneration and CNS repair. In addition, we outline molecular and pharmacological strategies to fine-tune lipid composition and energy metabolism in neurons and non-neuronal cells that can be exploited to improve neurological recovery after CNS trauma and disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Role of Myc Proto-Oncogene as a Transcriptional Hub to Regulate the Expression of Regeneration-Associated Genes following Preconditioning Peripheral Nerve Injury. J Neurosci 2021; 41:446-460. [PMID: 33262248 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1745-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning peripheral nerve injury enhances the intrinsic growth capacity of DRGs sensory axons by inducing transcriptional upregulation of the regeneration-associated genes (RAGs). However, it is still unclear how preconditioning injury leads to the orchestrated induction of many RAGs. The present study identified Myc proto-oncogene as a transcriptional hub gene to regulate the expression of a distinct subset of RAGs in DRGs following the preconditioning injury. We demonstrated that c-MYC bound to the promoters of certain RAGs, such as Jun, Atf3, and Sprr1a, and that Myc upregulation following SNI preceded that of the RAGs bound by c-MYC. Marked DNA methylation of the Myc exon 3 sequences was implicated in the early transcriptional activation and accompanied by open histone marks. Myc deletion led to a decrease in the injury-induced expression of a distinct subset of RAGs, which were highly overlapped with the list of RAGs that were upregulated by Myc overexpression. Following dorsal hemisection spinal cord injury in female rats, Myc overexpression in DRGs significantly prevented the retraction of the sensory axons in a manner dependent on its downstream RAG, June Our results suggest that Myc plays a critical role in axon regeneration via its transcriptional activity to regulate the expression of a spectrum of downstream RAGs and subsequent effector molecules. Identification of more upstream hub transcription factors and the epigenetic mechanisms specific for individual hub transcription factors would advance our understanding of how the preconditioning injury induces orchestrated upregulation of RAGs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Qian C, Zhou FQ. Updates and challenges of axon regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:798-806. [PMID: 32470988 PMCID: PMC7816684 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has been a long-standing and highly challenging issue. Successful CNS axon regeneration will benefit many human diseases involving axonal damage, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, glaucoma, and neurodegenerative diseases. The current consensus is that the diminished intrinsic regenerative ability in mature CNS neurons and the presence of extrinsic inhibitors blocking axon regrowth are two major barriers for axon regeneration. During the past decade, studies targeting the intrinsic axon growth ability via regulation of gene transcription have produced very promising results in optic nerve and/or spinal cord regeneration. Manipulations of various signaling pathways or the nuclear transcription factors directly have been shown to sufficiently drive CNS axon regrowth. Converging evidence reveals that some pro-regenerative transcriptomic states, which are commonly accomplished by more comprehensive epigenetic regulations, exist to orchestrate the complex tasks of injury sensing and axon regeneration. Moreover, genetic reprogramming achieved via transcriptome and epigenome modifications provides novel mechanisms for enhancing axon regeneration. Recent studies also highlighted the important roles of remodeling neuronal cytoskeleton in overcoming the extrinsic inhibitory cues. However, our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons regulate their intrinsic axon regeneration ability and response to extrinsic inhibitory cues is still fragmented. Here, we provide an update about recent research progress in axon regeneration and discuss major remaining challenges for long-distance axon regeneration and the subsequent functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moutin MJ, Bosc C, Peris L, Andrieux A. Tubulin post-translational modifications control neuronal development and functions. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:253-272. [PMID: 33325152 PMCID: PMC8246997 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are an essential component of the neuronal cytoskeleton; they are involved in various aspects of neuron development, maintenance, and functions including polarization, synaptic plasticity, and transport. Neuronal MTs are highly heterogeneous due to the presence of multiple tubulin isotypes and extensive post‐translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs—most notably detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation—have emerged as important regulators of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. With this review, we summarize what is currently known about the impact of tubulin PTMs on microtubule dynamics, neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and transport as well as on brain function in normal and pathological conditions, in particular during neuro‐degeneration. The main therapeutic approaches to neuro‐diseases based on the modulation of tubulin PTMs are also summarized. Overall, the review indicates how tubulin PTMs can generate a large number of functionally specialized microtubule sub‐networks, each of which is crucial to specific neuronal features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maf1 regulates dendritic morphogenesis and influences learning and memory. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:606. [PMID: 32732865 PMCID: PMC7393169 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maf1, a general transcriptional regulator and mTOR downstream effector, is highly expressed in the hippocampus and cortex, but the function of Maf1 in neurons is not well elucidated. Here, we first demonstrate that Maf1 plays a central role in the inhibition of dendritic morphogenesis and the growth of dendritic spines both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Maf1 downregulation paradoxically leads to activation of AKT-mTOR signaling, which is mediated by decreased PTEN expression. Moreover, we confirmed that Maf1 could regulate the activity of PTEN promoter by luciferase reporter assay, and proved that Maf1 could bind to the promoter of PTEN by ChIP-PCR experiment. We also demonstrate that expression of Maf1 in the hippocampus affects learning and memory in mice. Taken together, we show for the first time that Maf1 inhibits dendritic morphogenesis and the growth of dendritic spines through AKT-mTOR signaling by increasing PTEN expression.
Collapse
|
28
|
Terzi A, Suter DM. The role of NADPH oxidases in neuronal development. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:33-47. [PMID: 32370993 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and function when produced in physiological ranges. Important sources of cellular ROS include NADPH oxidases (Nox), which are evolutionary conserved multi-subunit transmembrane proteins. Nox-mediated ROS regulate variety of biological processes including hormone synthesis, calcium signaling, cell migration, and immunity. ROS participate in intracellular signaling by introducing post-translational modifications to proteins and thereby altering their functions. The central nervous system (CNS) expresses different Nox isoforms during both development and adulthood. Here, we review the role of Nox-mediated ROS during CNS development. Specifically, we focus on how individual Nox isoforms contribute to signaling in neural stem cell maintenance and neuronal differentiation, as well as neurite outgrowth and guidance. We also discuss how ROS regulates the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in the neuronal growth cone. Finally, we review recent evidence that Nox-derived ROS modulate axonal regeneration upon nervous system injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cellular phosphatidic acid sensor, α-synuclein N-terminal domain, detects endogenous phosphatidic acid in macrophagic phagosomes and neuronal growth cones. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100769. [PMID: 32490215 PMCID: PMC7261706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest phospholipid and is involved in the regulation of various cellular events. Recently, we developed a new PA sensor, the N-terminal region of α-synuclein (α-Syn-N). However, whether α-Syn-N can sense physiologically produced, endogenous PA remains unclear. We first established an inactive PA sensor (α-Syn-N-KQ) as a negative control by replacing all eleven lysine residues with glutamine residues. Using confocal microscopy, we next verified that α-Syn-N, but not α-Syn-N-KQ, detected PA in macrophagic phagosomes in which PA is known to be enriched, further indicating that α-Syn-N can be used as a reliable PA sensor in cells. Finally, because PA generated during neuronal differentiation is critical for neurite outgrowth, we investigated the subcellular distribution of PA using α-Syn-N. We found that α-Syn-N, but not α-Syn-N-KQ, accumulated at the peripheral regions (close to the plasma membrane) of neuronal growth cones. Experiments using a phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor strongly suggested that PA in the peripheral regions of the growth cone was primarily produced by PLD. Our findings provide a reliable sensor of endogenous PA and novel insights into the distribution of PA during neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Key Words
- DGK, diacylglycerol kinase
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- Diacylglycerol kinase
- F-actin, filamentous actin
- FIPI, 5-fluoro-2-indolyl deschlorohalopemide
- Growth cone
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LPAAT, LPA acyltransferase
- Lipid sensor
- Myr, myristoylated
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PABD, phosphatidic acid-binding domain
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PLD, phospholipase D
- Phagosome
- Phosphatidic acid
- Phospholipase D
- α-Syn, α-synuclein
- α-Syn-N, N-terminal region of α-Syn
- α-Synuclein
Collapse
|
30
|
Smith TP, Sahoo PK, Kar AN, Twiss JL. Intra-axonal mechanisms driving axon regeneration. Brain Res 2020; 1740:146864. [PMID: 32360100 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the peripheral and central nervous systems very often causes axotomy, where an axon loses connections with its target resulting in loss of function. The axon segments distal to the injury site lose connection with the cell body and degenerate. Axotomized neurons in the periphery can spontaneously mount a regenerative response and reconnect to their denervated target tissues, though this is rarely complete in humans. In contrast, spontaneous regeneration rarely occurs after axotomy in the spinal cord and brain. Here, we concentrate on the mechanisms underlying this spontaneous regeneration in the peripheral nervous system, focusing on events initiated from the axon that support regenerative growth. We contrast this with what is known for axonal injury responses in the central nervous system. Considering the neuropathy focus of this special issue, we further draw parallels and distinctions between the injury-response mechanisms that initiate regenerative gene expression programs and those that are known to trigger axon degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terika P Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Amar N Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Levin E, Leibinger M, Gobrecht P, Hilla A, Andreadaki A, Fischer D. Muscle LIM Protein Is Expressed in the Injured Adult CNS and Promotes Axon Regeneration. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1021-1032.e6. [PMID: 30673598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle LIM protein (MLP) has long been regarded as a muscle-specific protein. Here, we report that MLP expression is induced in adult rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) upon axotomy, and its expression is correlated with their ability to regenerate injured axons. Specific knockdown of MLP in RGCs compromises axon regeneration, while overexpression in vivo facilitates optic nerve regeneration and regrowth of sensory neurons without affecting neuronal survival. MLP accumulates in the cell body, the nucleus, and in axonal growth cones, which are significantly enlarged by its overexpression. Only the MLP fraction in growth cones is relevant for promoting axon extension. Additional data suggest that MLP acts as an actin cross-linker, thereby facilitating filopodia formation and increasing growth cone motility. Thus, MLP-mediated effects on actin could become a therapeutic strategy for promoting nerve repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Levin
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Leibinger
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Division of Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Gobrecht
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Division of Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilla
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Division of Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anastasia Andreadaki
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Division of Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Division of Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chauhan MZ, Arcuri J, Park KK, Zafar MK, Fatmi R, Hackam AS, Yin Y, Benowitz L, Goldberg JL, Samarah M, Bhattacharya SK. Multi-Omic Analyses of Growth Cones at Different Developmental Stages Provides Insight into Pathways in Adult Neuroregeneration. iScience 2020; 23:100836. [PMID: 32058951 PMCID: PMC6997871 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth cones (GCs) are structures associated with growing neurons. GC membrane expansion, which necessitates protein-lipid interactions, is critical to axonal elongation in development and in adult neuritogenesis. We present a multi-omic analysis that integrates proteomics and lipidomics data for the identification of GC pathways, cell phenotypes, and lipid-protein interactions, with an analytic platform to facilitate the visualization of these data. We combine lipidomic data from GC and adult axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush. Our results reveal significant molecular variability in GCs across developmental ages that aligns with the upregulation and downregulation of lipid metabolic processes and correlates with distinct changes in the lipid composition of GC plasmalemma. We find that these processes also define the transition into a growth-permissive state in the adult central nervous system. The insight derived from these analyses will aid in promoting adult regeneration and functional innervation in devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Simultaneous proteomics and lipidomics analyses of developmental growth cones Combined multi-omics analyses of regenerating optic nerves and growth cones Integrating protein-protein with protein-lipid interactions in growth cones
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zain Chauhan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jennifer Arcuri
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maroof Khan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Rabeet Fatmi
- Department of Computer Science, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yuqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Larry Benowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad Samarah
- Department of Computer Science, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Metformin Promotes Axon Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Stabilizing Microtubule. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9741369. [PMID: 31998447 PMCID: PMC6969994 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9741369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that may lead to lifelong disability. Thus, seeking for valid drugs that are beneficial to promoting axonal regrowth and elongation after SCI has gained wide attention. Metformin, a glucose-lowering agent, has been demonstrated to play roles in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the potential protective effect of metformin on nerve regeneration after SCI is still unclear. In this study, we found that the administration of metformin improved functional recovery after SCI through reducing neuronal cell apoptosis and repairing neurites by stabilizing microtubules via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway with LY294002 partly reversed the therapeutic effects of metformin on SCI in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, metformin treatment weakened the excessive activation of oxidative stress and improved the mitochondrial function by activating the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription and binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE). Moreover, treatment with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 partially abolished its antioxidant effect. We also found that the Nrf2 transcription was partially reduced by LY294002 in vitro. Taken together, these results revealed that the role of metformin in nerve regeneration after SCI was probably related to stabilization of microtubules and inhibition of the excessive activation of Akt-mediated Nrf2/ARE pathway-regulated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, our present study suggests that metformin administration may provide a potential therapy for SCI.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang BY, Chang PY, Zhu QS, Zhu YH. Decoding epigenetic codes: new frontiers in exploring recovery from spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1613-1622. [PMID: 32209760 PMCID: PMC7437595 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury that results in severe neurological disability is often incurable. The poor clinical outcome of spinal cord injury is mainly caused by the failure to reconstruct the injured neural circuits. Several intrinsic and extrinsic determinants contribute to this inability to reconnect. Epigenetic regulation acts as the driving force for multiple pathological and physiological processes in the central nervous system by modulating the expression of certain critical genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that post-SCI alteration of epigenetic landmarks is strongly associated with axon regeneration, glial activation and neurogenesis. These findings not only establish a theoretical foundation for further exploration of spinal cord injury, but also provide new avenues for the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury. This review focuses on the epigenetic regulation in axon regeneration and secondary spinal cord injury. Together, these discoveries are a selection of epigenetic-based prognosis biomarkers and attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peng-Yu Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing-San Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | -
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Seira O, Liu J, Assinck P, Ramer M, Tetzlaff W. KIF2A characterization after spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4355-4368. [PMID: 31041455 PMCID: PMC11105463 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) typically fail to regenerate after injury. This failure is multi-factorial and caused in part by disruption of the axonal cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton, in particular microtubules (MT), plays a critical role in axonal transport and axon growth during development. In this regard, members of the kinesin superfamily of proteins (KIFs) regulate the extension of primary axons toward their targets and control the growth of collateral branches. KIF2A negatively regulates axon growth through MT depolymerization. Using three different injury models to induce SCI in adult rats, we examined the temporal and cellular expression of KIF2A in the injured spinal cord. We observed a progressive increase of KIF2A expression with maximal levels at 10 days to 8 weeks post-injury as determined by Western blot analysis. KIF2A immunoreactivity was present in axons, spinal neurons and mature oligodendrocytes adjacent to the injury site. Results from the present study suggest that KIF2A at the injured axonal tips may contribute to neurite outgrowth inhibition after injury, and that its increased expression in inhibitory spinal neurons adjacent to the injury site might contribute to an intrinsic wiring-control mechanism associated with neuropathic pain. Further studies will determine whether KIF2A may be a potential target for the development of regeneration-promoting or pain-preventing therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Seira
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Jie Liu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Peggy Assinck
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matt Ramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Goncalves MB, Moehlin J, Clarke E, Grist J, Hobbs C, Carr AM, Jack J, Mendoza-Parra MA, Corcoran JPT. RARβ Agonist Drug (C286) Demonstrates Efficacy in a Pre-clinical Neuropathic Pain Model Restoring Multiple Pathways via DNA Repair Mechanisms. iScience 2019; 20:554-566. [PMID: 31655065 PMCID: PMC6833472 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is associated with profound gene expression alterations within the nociceptive system. DNA mechanisms, such as epigenetic remodeling and repair pathways have been implicated in NP. Here we have used a rat model of peripheral nerve injury to study the effect of a recently developed RARβ agonist, C286, currently under clinical research, in NP. A 4-week treatment initiated 2 days after the injury normalized pain sensation. Genome-wide and pathway enrichment analysis showed that multiple mechanisms persistently altered in the spinal cord were restored to preinjury levels by the agonist. Concomitant upregulation of DNA repair proteins, ATM and BRCA1, the latter being required for C286-mediated pain modulation, suggests that early DNA repair may be important to prevent phenotypic epigenetic imprints in NP. Thus, C286 is a promising drug candidate for neuropathic pain and DNA repair mechanisms may be useful therapeutic targets to explore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Goncalves
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Julien Moehlin
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Earl Clarke
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - John Grist
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Antony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Julian Jack
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marco Antonio Mendoza-Parra
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France.
| | - Jonathan P T Corcoran
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Differential Expression of Neuroinflammatory mRNAs in the Rat Sciatic Nerve Following Chronic Constriction Injury and Pain-Relieving Nanoemulsion NSAID Delivery to Infiltrating Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215269. [PMID: 31652890 PMCID: PMC6862677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory response to peripheral nerve injury is associated with chronic pain and significant changes in the molecular expression profiles of mRNAs in neurons, glia and infiltrating immune cells. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the rat sciatic nerve provides an opportunity to mimic neuropathic injury and quantitatively assess behavior and differential gene expression in individual animals. Previously, we have shown that a single intravenous injection of nanoemulsion containing celecoxib (0.24 mg/kg) reduces inflammation of the sciatic nerve and relieves pain-like behavior for up to 6 days. Here, we use this targeted therapy to explore the impact on mRNA expression changes in both pain and pain-relieved states. Sciatic nerve tissue recovered from CCI animals is used to evaluate the mRNA expression profiles utilizing quantitative PCR. We observe mRNA changes consistent with the reduced recruitment of macrophages evident by a reduction in chemokine and cytokine expression. Furthermore, genes associated with adhesion of macrophages, as well as changes in the neuronal and glial mRNAs are observed. Moreover, genes associated with neuropathic pain including Maob, Grin2b/NMDAR2b, TrpV3, IL-6, Cacna1b/Cav2.2, Itgam/Cd11b, Scn9a/Nav1.7, and Tac1 were all found to respond to the celecoxib loaded nanoemulsion during pain relief as compared to those animals that received drug-free vehicle. These results demonstrate that by targeting macrophage production of PGE2 at the site of injury, pain relief includes partial reversal of the gene expression profiles associated with chronic pain.
Collapse
|
38
|
Jin Y, Lee JU, Chung E, Yang K, Kim J, Kim JW, Lee JS, Cho AN, Oh T, Lee JH, Cho SW, Cheon J. Magnetic Control of Axon Navigation in Reprogrammed Neurons. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6517-6523. [PMID: 31461289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While neural cell transplantation represents a promising therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, the formation of functional networks of transplanted cells with host neurons constitutes one of the challenging steps. Here, we introduce a magnetic guidance methodology that controls neurite growth signaling via magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) conjugated with antibodies targeting the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptor (DCC-MNPs). Activation of the DCC receptors by clusterization and subsequent axonal growth of the induced neuronal (iN) cells was performed in a spatially controlled manner. In addition to the directionality of the magnetically controlled axon projection, axonal growth of the iN cells assisted the formation of functional connections with pre-existing primary neurons. Our results suggest magnetic guidance as a strategy for improving neuronal connectivity by spatially guiding the axonal projections of transplanted neural cells for synaptic interactions with the host tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Jin
- Department of Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Uk Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunna Chung
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Wook Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ann-Na Cho
- Department of Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyu Oh
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (Nano BME), Yonsei-IBS Institute , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (Nano BME), Yonsei-IBS Institute , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (Nano BME), Yonsei-IBS Institute , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (Nano BME), Yonsei-IBS Institute , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Logan CM, Menko AS. Microtubules: Evolving roles and critical cellular interactions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1240-1254. [PMID: 31387376 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219867296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are cytoskeletal elements known as drivers of directed cell migration, vesicle and organelle trafficking, and mitosis. In this review, we discuss new research in the lens that has shed light into further roles for stable microtubules in the process of development and morphogenesis. In the lens, as well as other systems, distinct roles for characteristically dynamic microtubules and stabilized populations are coming to light. Understanding the mechanisms of microtubule stabilization and the associated microtubule post-translational modifications is an evolving field of study. Appropriate cellular homeostasis relies on not only one cytoskeletal element, but also rather an interaction between cytoskeletal proteins as well as other cellular regulators. Microtubules are key integrators with actin and intermediate filaments, as well as cell–cell junctional proteins and other cellular regulators including myosin and RhoGTPases to maintain this balance.Impact statementThe role of microtubules in cellular functioning is constantly expanding. In this review, we examine new and exciting fields of discovery for microtubule’s involvement in morphogenesis, highlight our evolving understanding of differential roles for stabilized versus dynamic subpopulations, and further understanding of microtubules as a cellular integrator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Logan
- Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Multiparametric rapid screening of neuronal process pathology for drug target identification in HSP patient-specific neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9615. [PMID: 31270336 PMCID: PMC6610147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a key pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, including hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a disorder characterized by spasticity in the lower limbs. Treatments for HSP and other neurodegenerative diseases are mainly symptomatic. While iPSC-derived neurons are valuable for drug discovery and target identification, these applications require robust differentiation paradigms and rapid phenotypic read-outs ranging between hours and a few days. Using spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4, the most frequent HSP subtype) as an exemplar, we here present three rapid phenotypic assays for uncovering neuronal process pathologies in iPSC-derived glutamatergic cortical neurons. Specifically, these assays detected a 51% reduction in neurite outgrowth and a 60% increase in growth cone area already 24 hours after plating; axonal swellings, a hallmark of HSP pathology, was discernible after only 5 days. Remarkably, the identified phenotypes were neuron subtype-specific and not detectable in SPG4-derived GABAergic forebrain neurons. We transferred all three phenotypic assays to a 96-well setup, applied small molecules and found that a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist rescued all three phenotypes in HSP neurons, providing a potential drug target for HSP treatment. We expect this multiparametric and rapid phenotyping approach to accelerate development of therapeutic compounds for HSP and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
41
|
Moslehi M, Ng DC, Bogoyevitch MA. Pathogenic E2K mutation of doublecortin X (DCX) alters microtubule stabilisation and actin filament association. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:540-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
42
|
Moslehi M, Ng DCH, Bogoyevitch MA. Doublecortin X (DCX) serine 28 phosphorylation is a regulatory switch, modulating association of DCX with microtubules and actin filaments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:638-649. [PMID: 30625347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin X (DCX) plays essential roles in neuronal development via its regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics. This is mediated through direct interactions between its doublecortin (DC) domains (DC1 and DC2) with microtubules (MTs) and indirect association with actin filaments (F-ACT). While the regulatory role of the DCX C-terminus following DC2 (i.e. DCX residues 275-366) has been established, less is known of the possible contributions made by the DCX N-terminus preceding DC1 (i.e. DCX residues 1-44). Here, we assessed the influence of DCX Ser28 within the DCX N-terminus, on the association of DCX with MTs and F-ACT. We compared the cytoskeletal interactions of the DCX S28E phosphomimetic and DCX S28A phospho-resistant mutants and wild-type DCX. Immunoprecipitation and colocalisation analyses indicated increased association of DCX S28E with F-ACT but decreased interaction with MTs, and conversely enhanced DCX S28A association with MTs but decreased association with F-ACT. To evaluate the impact of DCX mutants on cytoskeletal filaments we performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies on SiR-tubulin and β-actin-mCherry and observed comparable tubulin and actin exchange rates in the presence of DCX WT and DCX S28A. However, we observed faster tubulin exchange rates but slower actin exchange rates in the presence of DCX S28E. Moreover, DCX S28E enhanced the association with the actin-binding protein spinophilin (Spn) suggesting the shift to favour association with both F-ACT and Spn in the presence of DCX S28E. Taken together, our results highlight a new role for DCX S28 as a regulatory switch for cytoskeletal organisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moslehi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dominic C H Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim KW, Tang NH, Piggott CA, Andrusiak MG, Park S, Zhu M, Kurup N, Cherra SJ, Wu Z, Chisholm AD, Jin Y. Expanded genetic screening in Caenorhabditis elegans identifies new regulators and an inhibitory role for NAD + in axon regeneration. eLife 2018; 7:39756. [PMID: 30461420 PMCID: PMC6281318 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying axon regeneration in mature neurons are relevant to the understanding of normal nervous system maintenance and for developing therapeutic strategies for injury. Here, we report novel pathways in axon regeneration, identified by extending our previous function-based screen using the C. elegans mechanosensory neuron axotomy model. We identify an unexpected role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesizing enzyme, NMAT-2/NMNAT, in axon regeneration. NMAT-2 inhibits axon regrowth via cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. NMAT-2 enzymatic activity is required to repress regrowth. Further, we find differential requirements for proteins in membrane contact site, components and regulators of the extracellular matrix, membrane trafficking, microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, the conserved Kelch-domain protein IVNS-1, and the orphan transporter MFSD-6 in axon regrowth. Identification of these new pathways expands our understanding of the molecular basis of axonal injury response and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Kim
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ngang Heok Tang
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Christopher A Piggott
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Matthew G Andrusiak
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Seungmee Park
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ming Zhu
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Naina Kurup
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Salvatore J Cherra
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Zilu Wu
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yishi Jin
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kumamaru H, Lu P, Rosenzweig ES, Tuszynski MH. Activation of Intrinsic Growth State Enhances Host Axonal Regeneration into Neural Progenitor Cell Grafts. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:861-868. [PMID: 30197116 PMCID: PMC6178188 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) can be enhanced by activation of the intrinsic neuronal growth state and, separately, by placement of growth-enabling neural progenitor cell (NPC) grafts into lesion sites. Indeed, NPC grafts support regeneration of all host axonal projections innervating the normal spinal cord. However, some host axons regenerate only short distances into grafts. We examined whether activation of the growth state of the host injured neuron would elicit greater regeneration into NPC grafts. Rats received NPC grafts into SCI lesions in combination with peripheral "conditioning" lesions. Six weeks later, conditioned host sensory axons exhibited a significant, 9.6-fold increase in regeneration into the lesion/graft site compared with unconditioned axons. Regeneration was further enhanced 1.6-fold by enriching NPC grafts with phenotypically appropriate sensory neuronal targets. Thus, activation of the intrinsic host neuronal growth state and manipulation of the graft environment enhance axonal regeneration after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kumamaru
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, 0626, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul Lu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, 0626, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Ephron S Rosenzweig
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, 0626, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, 0626, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dou HC, Chen JY, Ran TF, Jiang WM. Panax quinquefolius saponin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and neurite injury and improves functional recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:212-220. [PMID: 29558718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment goal in spinal cord injury (SCI) is to repair neurites and suppress cell apoptosis. Panax quinquefolius saponin (PQS) is the major active ingredient of American ginseng and has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles in various diseases. However, the potential effect of PQS on the pathological process of acute SCI remains unknown. This work tested the effects of PQS on acute SCI and clarified its potential mechanisms. PQS treatment ameliorated the damage to spinal tissue and improved the functional recovery after SCI. PQS treatment inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the associated apoptosis after acute SCI. PQS further abolished the triglyceride (TG)-induced ER stress and associated apoptosis in neuronal cultures. PQS appears to inhibit the ER-stress-induced neurite injury in PC12 cells. Our results suggest that PQS is a novel therapeutic agent for acute central nervous system injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Cheng Dou
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jun-Yu Chen
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tang-Fei Ran
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wei-Min Jiang
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen L. Microtubules and axon regeneration in C. elegans. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:160-166. [PMID: 29551667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is a fundamental and conserved process that allows the nervous system to repair circuits after trauma. Due to its conserved genome, transparent body, and relatively simple neuroanatomy, C. elegans has become a powerful model organism for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying axon regeneration. Various studies from different model organisms have found microtubule dynamics to be pivotal to axon regrowth. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings on how microtubule dynamics are regulated during axon regeneration in C. elegans. Understanding the mechanisms of axon regeneration will aid in the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for treatments of diseases involving disconnection of axons, such as spinal cord injury and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Chen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vergara D, Romano A, Stanca E, La Pesa V, Aloisi L, De Domenico S, Franck J, Cicalini I, Giudetti A, Storelli E, Pieragostino D, Fournier I, Sannino A, Salzet M, Cerri F, Quattrini A, Maffia M. Proteomic expression profile of injured rat peripheral nerves revealed biological networks and processes associated with nerve regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6207-6223. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic“Giovanni Paolo II” HospitalASL‐LecceLecceItaly
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Stanca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic“Giovanni Paolo II” HospitalASL‐LecceLecceItaly
| | - Velia La Pesa
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Laura Aloisi
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | | | - Julien Franck
- Université de Lille, InsermU‐1192−Laboratoire ProtéomiqueRéponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse‐PRISMLilleFrance
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Analitical Biochemistry and Proteomics UnitResearch Center on Aging (Ce.S.I)University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Anna Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Elisa Storelli
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Department of Innovation EngineeringUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Analitical Biochemistry and Proteomics UnitResearch Center on Aging (Ce.S.I)University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université de Lille, InsermU‐1192−Laboratoire ProtéomiqueRéponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse‐PRISMLilleFrance
| | | | - Michel Salzet
- Université de Lille, InsermU‐1192−Laboratoire ProtéomiqueRéponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse‐PRISMLilleFrance
| | - Federica Cerri
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of SalentoLecceItaly
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic“Giovanni Paolo II” HospitalASL‐LecceLecceItaly
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Axonal Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response Promotes Axonal Regeneration Following Peripheral Nerve Injury. Neuroscience 2018; 375:34-48. [PMID: 29438804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult mammalian peripheral neurons have an intrinsic regrowth capacity in response to axonal injury. The induction of calcium ion (Ca2+) oscillations at an injured site is critical for the regulation of regenerative responses. In polarized neurons, distal axonal segments contain a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network that is responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis. Although these characteristics implicate the relevance among injury-induced Ca2+ dynamics, axonal ER-derived signaling, and regenerative responses propagated along the axons, the details are not fully understood. In the present study, we found that Ca2+ release from the axonal ER was accelerated in response to injury. Additionally, axonal injury-dependent Ca2+ release from the ER activated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling at injured sites. Inhibition of axonal UPR signaling led to fragmentation of the axonal ER and disrupted growth cone formation, suggesting that activation of axonal UPR branches following axonal injury promotes regeneration via regulation of ER reconstruction and formation of growth cones. Our studies revealed that local activation of axonal UPR signaling by injury-induced Ca2+ release from the ER is critical for regeneration. These findings provide a new concept for the link between injury-induced signaling at a distant location and regulation of organelle and cytoskeletal formation in the orchestration of axonal regeneration.
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang H, Xiao C, Dong D, Lin C, Xue Y, Liu J, Wu M, He J, Fu T, Pan H, Jiao X, Lu D, Li Z. Epothilone B Speeds Corneal Nerve Regrowth and Functional Recovery through Microtubule Stabilization and Increased Nerve Beading. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2647. [PMID: 29422528 PMCID: PMC5805685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful restoration of corneal innervation and function after a corneal injury is a clinically challenging issue. Structural and functional recovery after a nerve injury involves a complex series of steps in which microtubules play a key role. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of epothilone B (EpoB), a microtubule-stabilizing agent, on corneal innervation and the functional recovery of the corneal nerve in mice after corneal epithelial abrasion. The pretreatment of mice with EpoB has a remarkable effect on the stabilization of beta-III tubulin, as demonstrated by substantial increases in the visualization of beta-III tubulin, nerve beading, corneal reinnervation, and reaction to stimuli. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetic analysis showed that EpoB remains at a high concentration in the cornea and the trigeminal ganglion for at least 6 days after administration. In addition, the administration of EpoB at 24 hours after corneal abrasion has a marked therapeutic effect on nerve regrowth and functional recovery. In conclusion, EpoB treatment may have therapeutic utility for improving corneal reinnervation and restoring sensitivity following corneal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengju Xiao
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuipei Lin
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjuan Wu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin He
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China. .,Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lopez PH, Báez BB. Gangliosides in Axon Stability and Regeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:383-412. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|