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Chen L, Zhang S, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Yuan H, Shan X, Zhang Q, Niu L, Wang S, Zhou Q, Li J. Seasonal variation in non-volatile flavor substances of fresh tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) by integrated lipidomics and metabolomics using UHPLC-Q-Exactive mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2025; 462:140986. [PMID: 39208737 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Harvest season exerts great influence on tea quality. Herein, the variations in non-volatile flavor substances in spring and summer fresh tea leaves of four varieties were comprehensively investigated by integrating UHPLC-Q-Exactive based lipidomics and metabolomics. A total of 327 lipids and 99 metabolites were detected, among which, 221 and 58 molecules were significantly differential. The molecular species of phospholipids, glycolipids and acylglycerolipids showed most prominent and structure-dependent seasonal changes, relating to polar head, unsaturation and total acyl length. Particularly, spring tea contained higher amount in aroma precursors of highly unsaturated glycolipids and phosphatidic acids. The contents of umami-enhancing amino acids and phenolic acids, e.g., theanine, theogallin and gallotannins, were increased in spring. Besides, catechins, theaflavins, theasinensins and flavone/flavonol glycosides showed diverse changes. These phytochemical differences covered key aroma precursors, tastants and colorants, and may confer superior flavor of black tea processed using spring leaves, which was verified by sensory evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuning Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xujiang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qianting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Linchi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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Matzner M, Launhardt L, Barth O, Humbeck K, Goss R, Heilmann I. Inter-Organellar Effects of Defective ER-Localized Linolenic Acid Formation on Thylakoid Lipid Composition, Non-Photochemical Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Xanthophyll Cycle Activity in the Arabidopsis fad3 Mutant. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:958-974. [PMID: 37991227 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the main lipid constituent of thylakoids and a structural component of photosystems and photosynthesis-related proteo-lipid complexes in green tissues. Previously reported changes in MGDG abundance upon stress treatments are hypothesized to reflect mobilization of MGDG-based polyunsaturated lipid intermediates to maintain extraplastidial membrane integrity. While exchange of lipid intermediates between compartmental membranes is well documented, physiological consequences of mobilizing an essential thylakoid lipid, such as MGDG, for an alternative purpose are not well understood. Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to mild (50 mM) salt treatment displayed significantly increased abundance of both MGDG and the extraplastidial lipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). Interestingly, similar increases in MGDG and PC were observed in Arabidopsis fad3 mutant seedlings defective in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized linolenic acid formation, in which compensatory plastid-to-ER-directed mobilization of linolenic acid-containing intermediates takes place. The postulated (salt) or evident (fad3) plastid-ER exchange of intermediates concurred with altered thylakoid function according to parameters of photosynthetic performance. While salt treatment of wild-type seedlings inhibited photosynthetic parameters in a dose-dependent manner, interestingly, untreated fad3 mutants did not show overall reduced photosynthetic quantum yield. By contrast, we observed a reduction specifically of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under high light, representing only part of observed salt effects. The decreased NPQ in the fad3 mutant was accompanied by reduced activity of the xanthophyll cycle, leading to a reduced concentration of the NPQ-effective pigment zeaxanthin. The findings suggest that altered ER-located fatty acid unsaturation and ensuing inter-organellar compensation impacts on the function of specific thylakoid enzymes, rather than globally affecting thylakoid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Matzner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Larissa Launhardt
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Olaf Barth
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Klaus Humbeck
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Reimund Goss
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 23, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
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Hernández ML, Jiménez-López J, Cejudo FJ, Pérez-Ruiz JM. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins contribute to thylakoid lipid unsaturation by affecting ω-3 fatty acid desaturase 8. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1521-1535. [PMID: 38386701 PMCID: PMC11142380 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid unsaturation levels affect chloroplast function and plant acclimation to environmental cues. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) controlling fatty acid unsaturation in thylakoid lipids is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the connection between chloroplast redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism by focusing on 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs), which play a central role in balancing the redox state within the organelle. The chloroplast redox network relies on NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), which controls the redox balance of 2-Cys Prxs to maintain the reductive activity of redox-regulated enzymes. Our results show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in 2-Cys Prxs contain decreased levels of trienoic fatty acids, mainly in chloroplast lipids, indicating that these enzymes contribute to thylakoid membrane lipids unsaturation. This function of 2-Cys Prxs is independent of NTRC, the main reductant of these enzymes, hence 2-Cys Prxs operates beyond the classic chloroplast regulatory redox system. Moreover, the effect of 2-Cys Prxs on lipid metabolism is primarily exerted through the prokaryotic pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis and fatty acid desaturase 8 (FAD8). While 2-Cys Prxs and FAD8 interact in leaf membranes as components of a large protein complex, the levels of FAD8 were markedly decreased when FAD8 is overexpressed in 2-Cys Prxs-deficient mutant backgrounds. These findings reveal a function for 2-Cys Prxs, possibly acting as a scaffold protein, affecting the unsaturation degree of chloroplast membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia Jiménez-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Ye Z, Mao D, Wang Y, Deng H, Liu X, Zhang T, Han Z, Zhang X. Comparative Genome-Wide Identification of the Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Family in Tea and Oil Tea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1444. [PMID: 38891253 PMCID: PMC11174766 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Camellia oil is valuable as an edible oil and serves as a base material for a range of high-value products. Camellia plants of significant economic importance, such as Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera, have been classified into sect. Thea and sect. Oleifera, respectively. Fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in catalyzing the formation of double bonds at specific positions of fatty acid chains, leading to the production of unsaturated fatty acids and contributing to lipid synthesis. Comparative genomics results have revealed that expanded gene families in oil tea are enriched in functions related to lipid, fatty acid, and seed processes. To explore the function of the FAD gene family, a total of 82 FAD genes were identified in tea and oil tea. Transcriptome data showed the differential expression of the FAD gene family in mature seeds of tea tree and oil tea tree. Furthermore, the structural analysis and clustering of FAD proteins provided insights for the further exploration of the function of the FAD gene family and its role in lipid synthesis. Overall, these findings shed light on the role of the FAD gene family in Camellia plants and their involvement in lipid metabolism, as well as provide a reference for understanding their function in oil synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Dan Mao
- National Forest and Seedling Workstation of Hunan Province, The Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China; (D.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yujian Wang
- National Forest and Seedling Workstation of Hunan Province, The Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China; (D.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hongda Deng
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xing Liu
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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El Faqer A, Rabeh K, Alami M, Filali-Maltouf A, Belkadi B. In Silico Identification and Characterization of Fatty Acid Desaturase ( FAD) Genes in Argania spinosa L. Skeels: Implications for Oil Quality and Abiotic Stress. Bioinform Biol Insights 2024; 18:11779322241248908. [PMID: 38711943 PMCID: PMC11072076 DOI: 10.1177/11779322241248908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase (FAD) is the key enzyme that leads to the formation of unsaturated fatty acids by introducing double bonds into hydrocarbon chains, and it plays a critical role in plant lipid metabolism. However, no data are available on enzyme-associated genes in argan trees. In addition, a candidate gene approach was adopted to identify and characterize the gene sequences of interest that are potentially involved in oil quality and abiotic stress. Based on phylogenetic analyses, 18 putative FAD genes of Argania spinosa L. (AsFAD) were identified and assigned to three subfamilies: stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD), Δ-12 desaturase (FAD2/FAD6), and Δ-15 desaturase (FAD3/FAD7). Furthermore, gene structure and motif analyses revealed a conserved exon-intron organization among FAD members belonging to the various oil crops studied, and they exhibited conserved motifs within each subfamily. In addition, the gene structure shows a wide variation in intron numbers, ranging from 0 to 8, with two highly conserved intron phases (0 and 1). The AsFAD and AsSAD subfamilies consist of three (H(X)2-4H, H(X)2-3HH, and H/Q (X)2-3HH) and two (EEN(K)RHG and DEKRHE) conserved histidine boxes, respectively. A set of primer pairs were designed for each FAD gene, and tested on DNA extracted from argan leaves, in which all amplicons of the expected size were produced. These findings of candidate genes in A spinosa L. will provide valuable knowledge that further enhances our understanding of the potential roles of FAD genes in the quality of oil and abiotic stress in the argan tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoiz El Faqer
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karim Rabeh
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Alami
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Belkadi
- Team of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Launhardt L, Uhlenberg J, Stellmach H, Schomburg M, Hause B, Heilmann I, Heilmann M. Association of the Arabidopsis oleoyl Δ12-desaturase FAD2 with pre-cis-Golgi stacks at endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-exit sites. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:242-263. [PMID: 37805827 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The unsaturation of phospholipids influences the function of membranes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the oleoyl Δ12-desaturase FAD2 converts oleic (18:1Δ9 ) to linoleic acid (18:2Δ9,12 ) and influences phospholipid unsaturation in different cellular membranes. Despite its importance, the precise localization of Arabidopsis FAD2 has not been unambiguously described. As FAD2 is thought to modify phospholipid-associated fatty acids at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), from where unsaturates are distributed to other cellular sites, we hypothesized that FAD2 locates to ER subdomains enabling trafficking of lipid intermediates through the secretory pathway. Fluorescent FAD2 fusions used to test this hypothesis were first assessed for functionality by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and in planta by Arabidopsis fad2 mutant rescue upon ectopic expression from an intrinsic FAD2 promoter fragment. Light sheet fluorescence, laser scanning confocal or spinning disc microscopy of roots, leaves, or mesophyll protoplasts showed the functional fluorescence-tagged FAD2 variants in flattened donut-shaped structures of ~0.5-1 μm diameter, in a pattern not resembling mere ER association. High-resolution imaging of coexpressed organellar markers showed fluorescence-tagged FAD2 in a ring-shaped pattern surrounding ER-proximal Golgi particles, colocalizing with pre-cis-Golgi markers. This localization required the unusual C-terminal retention signal of FAD2, and deletion or substitutions in this protein region resulted in relaxed distribution and diffuse association with the ER. The distinct association of FAD2 with pre-cis-Golgi stacks in Arabidopsis root and leaf tissue is consistent with a contribution of FAD2 to membrane lipid homeostasis through the secretory pathway, as verified by an increased plasma membrane liquid phase order in the fad2 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Launhardt
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johanna Uhlenberg
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hagen Stellmach
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marie Schomburg
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kobayashi K, Jimbo H, Nakamura Y, Wada H. Biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in photosynthetic organisms. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101266. [PMID: 38040200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a unique phospholipid class with its indispensable role in photosynthesis and growth in land plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. PG is the only major phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts and a main lipid component in photosynthetic protein-cofactor complexes such as photosystem I and photosystem II. In plants and algae, PG is also essential as a substrate for the biosynthesis of cardiolipin, which is a unique lipid present only in mitochondrial membranes and crucial for the functions of mitochondria. PG biosynthesis pathways in plants include three membranous organelles, plastids, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum in a complex manner. While the molecular biology underlying the role of PG in photosynthetic functions is well established, many enzymes responsible for the PG biosynthesis are only recently cloned and functionally characterized in the model plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria such as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The characterization of those enzymes helps understand not only the metabolic flow for PG production but also the crosstalk of biosynthesis pathways between PG and other lipids. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the understanding of the PG biosynthesis pathway and functions of involved enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Jimbo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hu Q, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Ni ZX, Chen B, Wu Z, Huang H, Wu Q, Zhou ZW, Gao S, Lai Z, Lin H, Sun Y. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis reveals the formation of nonvolatile flavor qualities during oolong tea manufacturing: a case study of Jinguanyin. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1283960. [PMID: 38152463 PMCID: PMC10751955 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1283960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The manufacturing processes of oolong tea significantly impact its nonvolatile components, leading to the emergence of distinct flavor attributes. Understanding the dynamic changes in nonvolatile components during the manufacturing stages of the Jinguanyin (JGY) cultivar is crucial for unraveling the potential mechanism behind flavor formation. Methods Comprehensive metabolomics and sensomics analyses were conducted to investigate the dynamic changes in nonvolatile components throughout various phases of oolong tea processing, focusing on the JGY cultivar. Results A total of 1,005 nonvolatile metabolites were detected, with 562 recognized as significant differential metabolites during various phases of oolong tea processing. Notably, the third turning-over, third setting, and high-temperature treatments exhibited the most significant effects on the nonvolatile metabolites of oolong tea. JGY finished tea demonstrated a characteristic flavor profile, marked by mellowness, sweetness in aftertaste, and a significant Yin rhyme. This flavor profile was collectively promoted by the accumulation of amino acids and organic acids, the decrease in flavonols (3-O-glycosides) and sugar substances, the alteration of phenolic acids, and the stabilization of caffeine. Conclusion This study contribute to the understanding of the formation of oolong tea flavor qualities. The dynamic changes observed in various types of nonvolatile compounds during oolong tea processing shed light on the intricate interplay of metabolites and their influence on the final flavor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Nanping, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zongjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-wei Zhou
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China
| | - Shuilian Gao
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongzheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Hao P, Ren Y, Lin B, Yi K, Huang L, Li X, Jiang L, Hua S. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Reduction in Seed Oil Content through Increased Nitrogen Application Rate in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16220. [PMID: 38003410 PMCID: PMC10671146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is essential for improving the seed oil yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). However, the molecular mechanism by which increased nitrogen rates impact seed oil content is largely unknown. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine how three nitrogen application rates (120, 240, and 360 kg ha-1) regulated seed oil content via transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that the seed yield and the protein and total N contents increased from N1 to N3, with average increases of 57.2%, 16.9%, and 79.5%, respectively. However, the seed oil content significantly decreased from N1 to N3, with an average decrease of 8.6%. These results were repeated over a number of years. The quantity of oil protein bodies observed under a transmission electron microscope was in accordance with the ultimate seed oil and protein contents. As the nitrogen application rate increased, a substantial number of genes involved in the photosynthesis, glycolysis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated, as were TF families, such as AP2/ERF, MYB, and NAC. The newly identified genes were mainly involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Metabolic flux analysis showed that most of the genes involved in glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis had higher transcript levels in the early development stages. Our results provide new insights into the molecular regulation of rapeseed seed oil content through increased nitrogen application rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Yun Ren
- Institute of Crop, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313002, China;
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Kaige Yi
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Lixi Jiang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
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10
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Sun Y, Qin Q, Song K, Sun L, Jiang T, Yang S, Li Z, Xu G, Sun S, Xue Y. Does Sulfoquinovosyl Diacylglycerol Synthase OsSQD1 Affect the Composition of Lipids in Rice Phosphate-Deprived Root? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010114. [PMID: 36613553 PMCID: PMC9820689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are the essential components of the cell intracellular and plasma membranes. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) is a glycolipid; glycolipids can replace phospholipids in maintaining phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in plants which are undergoing Pi starvation. Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol synthase 1 (OsSQD1) is a critical enzyme in the first step of catalyzation in the formation of SQDG in rice. In this study, the expression pattern of different zones in roots of OsSQD1 in response to different Pi conditions is examined, and it is found that OsSQD1 is highly expressed in lateral roots under Pi-sufficient and -deficient conditions. The root phenotype observation of different OsSQD1 transgenic lines suggests that the knockout/down of OsSQD1 inhibits the formation and growth of lateral roots under different Pi conditions. Additionally, the lipid concentrations in OsSQD1 transgenic line roots indicate that OsSQD1 knockout/down decreases the concentration of phospholipids and glycolipids in Pi-starved roots. The OsSQD1 mutation also changes the composition of different lipid species with different acyl chain lengths, mainly under Pi-deprived conditions. The relative transcript expression of genes relating to glycolipid synthesis and phospholipid degradation is estimated to help study the mechanism by which OsSQD1 exerts an influence on the alteration of lipid composition and concentration in Pi-starved roots. Moreover, in Pi-starved roots, the knockout of OsSQD1 decreases the unsaturated fatty acid content of phospholipids and glycolipids. To summarize, the present study demonstrates that OsSQD1 plays a key role in the maintenance of phospholipid and glycolipid composition in Pi-deprived rice roots, which may influence root growth and development under Pi-deprived conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Ke Song
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhouwen Li
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yong Xue
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Y.X.)
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11
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Behnam Mohammadi, Seyedi SM, Maboud HE. Investigation of Fatty Acid Profile and Relative Expression of Desaturases Genes in Pistacia atlantica and Pistacia khinjuk. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022150146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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12
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Liu H, Lin B, Ren Y, Hao P, Huang L, Xue B, Jiang L, Zhu Y, Hua S. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of double loci of BnFAD2 increased the seed oleic acid content of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1034215. [PMID: 36483970 PMCID: PMC9723152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seed oleic acid is an important quality trait sought in rapeseed breeding programs. Many methods exist to increase seed oleic acid content, such as the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing system, yet there is no report on seed oleic acid content improvement via this system's precise editing of the double loci of BnFAD2. Here, a precise CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the encoded double loci (A5 and C5) of BnFAD2 was established. The results demonstrated high efficiency of regeneration and transformation, with the rapeseed genotype screened in ratios of 20.18% and 85.46%, respectively. The total editing efficiency was 64.35%, whereas the single locus- and double locus-edited ratios were 21.58% and 78.42%, respectively. The relative proportion of oleic acid with other fatty acids in seed oil of mutants was significantly higher for those that underwent the editing on A5 copy than that on C5 copy, but it was still less than 80%. For double locus-edited mutants, their relative proportion of oleic acid was more than 85% in the T1 and T4 generations. A comparison of the sequences between the double locus-edited mutants and reference showed that no transgenic border sequences were detected from the transformed vector. Analysis of the BnFAD2 sequence on A5 and C5 at the mutated locus of double loci mutants uncovered evidence for base deletion and insertion, and combination. Further, no editing issue of FAD2 on the copy of A1 was detected on the three targeted editing regions. Seed yield, yield component, oil content, and relative proportion of oleic acid between one selected double loci-edited mutant and wild type were also compared. These results showed that although the number of siliques per plant of the wild type was significantly higher than those of the mutant, the differences in seed yield and oil content were not significant between them, albeit with the mutant having a markedly higher relative proportion of oleic acid. Altogether, our results confirmed that the established CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of double loci (A5 and C5) of the BnFAD2 can precisely edit the targeted genes, thereby enhancing the seed oleic acid content to a far greater extent than can a single locus-editing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Seed Management, Yongding Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center, Institution of Crop Science, Huzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Xue
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Pan Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Zou J, Li Q. Computational genomics insights into cold acclimation in wheat. Front Genet 2022; 13:1015673. [PMID: 36338961 PMCID: PMC9632429 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1015673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of cold acclimation in crops involves transcriptomic reprograming, metabolic shift, and physiological changes. Cold responses in transcriptome and lipid metabolism has been examined in separate studies for various crops. In this study, integrated computational approaches was employed to investigate the transcriptomics and lipidomics data associated with cold acclimation and vernalization in four wheat genotypes of distinct cold tolerance. Differential expression was investigated between cold treated and control samples and between the winter-habit and spring-habit wheat genotypes. Collectively, 12,676 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Principal component analysis of these DEGs indicated that the first, second, and third principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) explained the variance in cold treatment, vernalization and cold hardiness, respectively. Differential expression feature extraction (DEFE) analysis revealed that the winter-habit wheat genotype Norstar had high number of unique DEGs (1884 up and 672 down) and 63 winter-habit genes, which were clearly distinctive from the 64 spring-habit genes based on PC1, PC2 and PC3. Correlation analysis revealed 64 cold hardy genes and 39 anti-hardy genes. Cold acclimation encompasses a wide spectrum of biological processes and the involved genes work cohesively as revealed through network propagation and collective association strength of local subnetworks. Integration of transcriptomics and lipidomics data revealed that the winter-habit genes, such as COR413-TM1, CIPKs and MYB20, together with the phosphatidylglycerol lipids, PG(34:3) and PG(36:6), played a pivotal role in cold acclimation and coordinated cohesively associated subnetworks to confer cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlian Pan
- Digital Technologies, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yifeng Li
- Digital Technologies, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Department of Biological Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Ziying Liu
- Digital Technologies, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jitao Zou
- Aquatic and Crop Research and Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Qiang Li
- Aquatic and Crop Research and Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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14
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Natural Variation of Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Affects Linolenic Acid Content and Starch Pasting Viscosity in Rice Grains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912055. [PMID: 36233354 PMCID: PMC9570344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice, as one of the main food crops, provides a vital source of dietary energy for over half the world's population. The OsFAD3 gene encodes fatty acid desaturase, catalyzing the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) to alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in rice. However, the genetic characterization of OsFAD3 and its role in the conversion of LA to ALA remains elusive. Here, we validated the effects of two homologous genes, OsFAD3-1 and OsFAD3-2, on the ALA and LA/ALA ratio in rice grains using near-isogenic lines. Two major haplotypes of OsFAD3-1 are identified with different effects on the ALA and LA/ALA ratio in rice germplasm. High expression of OsFAD3-1 is associated with high ALA accumulation and eating quality of rice grains. Overexpression of OsFAD3-1 driven by a seed-specific promoter increases the ALA content up to 16-fold in the endosperm. A diagnostic marker is designed based on an 8-bp insertion/deletion in the OsFAD3-1 promoter, which can recognize OsFAD3-1 alleles in rice. These results indicate that OsFAD3-1 is a useful target gene in marker-assisted breeding programs to improve varieties with high ALA and appropriate LA/ALA ratio in brown rice.
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15
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Qiu X, Lu H, Hwang I, Wang T. Tolerant mechanism of model legume plant Medicago truncatula to drought, salt, and cold stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847166. [PMID: 36160994 PMCID: PMC9490062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants produce one-third of the total yield of primary crops and are important food sources for both humans and animals worldwide. Frequent exposure to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and cold, greatly limits the production of legume crops. Several morphological, physiological, and molecular studies have been conducted to characterize the response and adaptation mechanism to abiotic stresses. The tolerant mechanisms of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula to abiotic stresses have been extensively studied. Although many potential genes and integrated networks underlying the M. truncatula in responding to abiotic stresses have been identified and described, a comprehensive summary of the tolerant mechanism is lacking. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the adaptive mechanism by which M. truncatula responds to drought, salt, and cold stress. We also discuss future research that need to be explored to improve the abiotic tolerance of legume plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Pranneshraj V, Sangha MK, Djalovic I, Miladinovic J, Djanaguiraman M. Lipidomics-Assisted GWAS (lGWAS) Approach for Improving High-Temperature Stress Tolerance of Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169389. [PMID: 36012660 PMCID: PMC9409476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-temperature stress (HT) over crop productivity is an important environmental factor demanding more attention as recent global warming trends are alarming and pose a potential threat to crop production. According to the Sixth IPCC report, future years will have longer warm seasons and frequent heat waves. Thus, the need arises to develop HT-tolerant genotypes that can be used to breed high-yielding crops. Several physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations are orchestrated in providing HT tolerance to a genotype. One mechanism to counter HT is overcoming high-temperature-induced membrane superfluidity and structural disorganizations. Several HT lipidomic studies on different genotypes have indicated the potential involvement of membrane lipid remodelling in providing HT tolerance. Advances in high-throughput analytical techniques such as tandem mass spectrometry have paved the way for large-scale identification and quantification of the enormously diverse lipid molecules in a single run. Physiological trait-based breeding has been employed so far to identify and select HT tolerant genotypes but has several disadvantages, such as the genotype-phenotype gap affecting the efficiency of identifying the underlying genetic association. Tolerant genotypes maintain a high photosynthetic rate, stable membranes, and membrane-associated mechanisms. In this context, studying the HT-induced membrane lipid remodelling, resultant of several up-/down-regulations of genes and post-translational modifications, will aid in identifying potential lipid biomarkers for HT tolerance/susceptibility. The identified lipid biomarkers (LIPIDOTYPE) can thus be considered an intermediate phenotype, bridging the gap between genotype–phenotype (genotype–LIPIDOTYPE–phenotype). Recent works integrating metabolomics with quantitative genetic studies such as GWAS (mGWAS) have provided close associations between genotype, metabolites, and stress-tolerant phenotypes. This review has been sculpted to provide a potential workflow that combines MS-based lipidomics and the robust GWAS (lipidomics assisted GWAS-lGWAS) to identify membrane lipid remodelling related genes and associations which can be used to develop HS tolerant genotypes with enhanced membrane thermostability (MTS) and heat stable photosynthesis (HP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Velumani Pranneshraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (I.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Jegor Miladinovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Correspondence: (I.D.); (M.D.)
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17
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Mahjoubi Y, Rzigui T, Kharbech O, Mohamed SN, Abaza L, Chaoui A, Nouairi I, Djebali W. Exogenous nitric oxide alleviates manganese toxicity in bean plants by modulating photosynthesis in relation to leaf lipid composition. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:949-964. [PMID: 34651236 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule controlling several steps of plant development and defense process under stress conditions. NO-induced alleviation of manganese (Mn) toxicity was investigated on bean plants submitted for 28 days to 500 µM MnCl2. Manganese excess decreased plant dry weight and elongation and increased levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation leading to up-regulation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities. The inhibitory effects of Mn on plant growth were associated to reduction of light-saturated carbon assimilation (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E). By contrast, Mn induced significant increase in the apparent quantum yield (ɸ) and light compensation point (LCP). Interestingly, intracellular CO2 (Ci) remains stable under Mn stress. Concomitantly, leaf membrane lipids have drastically reduced under high Mn concentration. After Mn exposition, leaf fatty acids exhibited a significant loss of linolenic acid, accompanied by an accumulation of palmitoleic, stearic, and linoleic acids leading to alteration of lipid desaturation. NO supply reversed Mn toxicity as evidenced by enhancement of growth biomass and recovery of Amax, E, ɸ, and LCP. Similarly, NO addition has positive effects on leaf lipid content and composition leading to restoration of lipid unsaturation. The modulation of fatty acid composition can be a way to reduce leaf membrane damages and maintain optimal photosynthesis and plant growth. Despite the absence of enough evidences in how NO is involved in lipid and photosynthesis recovery under Mn stress conditions, it is assumed that NO beneficial effects are attributable to NO/Mn cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yethreb Mahjoubi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Rzigui
- Silvopastoral Institute of Tabarka, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Oussama Kharbech
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Salma Nait Mohamed
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Olivier, Borj-Cedria Technoparck, 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Leila Abaza
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Olivier, Borj-Cedria Technoparck, 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Abdelilah Chaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Issam Nouairi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, B.P. 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Wahbi Djebali
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
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18
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Wu X, Wang L, Li J, Wan M, Jia B, Ye Z, Liu L, Tang X, Tao S, Zhu L, Heng W. MYB1R1 and MYC2 Regulate ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Involved in ABA-Mediated Suberization in the Russet Skin of a Mutant of 'Dangshansuli' ( Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910938. [PMID: 35755695 PMCID: PMC9225576 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Russeting, a disorder of pear fruit skin, is mainly caused by suberin accumulation on the inner part of the outer epidermal cell layers. ABA was identified as a crucial phytohormone in suberification. Here, we demonstrated that the ABA content in russet pear skin was higher than in green skin. Then, ABA was applied to explore the changes in phenotype and suberin composition coupled with RNA-Seq and metabolomics to investigate the probably regulatory pathway of ABA-mediated suberification. The results showed that ABA treatment increased the expression of ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and the content of α-linolenic acid. We identified 17 PbFADs in white pear, and the expression of PbFAD3a was induced by ABA. In addition, the role of PbFAD3a in promoting suberification has been demonstrated by overexpression in Arabidopsis and VIGS assays in the fruitlets. GUS staining indicated that the promoter of PbFAD3a was activated by ABA. Furthermore, MYC2 and MYB1R1 have been shown to bind to the PbFAD3a promoter directly and this was induced by ABA via yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screening and qRT-PCR. In summary, our study found that ABA induces the expression of MYC2 and MYB1R1 and activates the PbFAD3a promoter, contributing to the formation of russet pear skin. Functional identification of key transcription factors will be the goal of future research. These findings reveal the molecular mechanism of ABA-mediated suberization in the russet skin and provide a good foundation for future studies on the formation of russet skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lindu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinchao Li
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Minchen Wan
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenfeng Ye
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Heng
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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19
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Niu E, Gao S, Hu W, Zhang C, Liu D, Shen G, Zhu S. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Differentiation of Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Olea europaea L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111415. [PMID: 35684188 PMCID: PMC9182961 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a world-famous woody oil tree and popular for redundant unsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes are responsible for fatty acid desaturation and stress regulation but have not yet been identified in olive at the whole genome level. This study identified 40 and 27 FAD genes in the cultivated olive O. europaea cv. Farga and the wild olive O. europaea var. Sylvestris, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the FAD genes could be classified into the soluble FAB2/SAD clade and membrane-bound clade, including ADS/FAD5, DES, FAD4, SLD, ω-6 and ω-3, with the high consistency of subcellular localization, motif composition and exon-intron organization in each group. FAD genes in olive showed the diverse functional differentiation in morphology of different tissues, fruit development and stress responses. Among them, OeFAB2.8 and OeFAD2.3 were up-regulated and OeADS.1, OeFAD4.1 and OeFAD8.2 were down-regulated under the wound, Verticillium dahliae and cold stresses. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the FAD genes at the whole-genome level in olives and will provide guidance for the improvement of oil quality or stress tolerance of olive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Niu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Song Gao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Daqun Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Shenlong Zhu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (E.N.); (S.G.); (W.H.); (C.Z.); (D.L.); (G.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
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20
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Overexpression of phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase in Brassica napus results in changes in lipid metabolism and oil accumulation. Biochem J 2022; 479:805-823. [PMID: 35298586 PMCID: PMC9022997 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of lipid metabolism in oil seeds is still not fully understood and increasing our knowledge in this regard is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a major global oil crop where increases in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation have been achieved by overexpression of relevant biosynthetic enzymes. In this study, we expressed Arabidopsis phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT1), one of the two major TAG-forming plant enzymes in B. napus DH12075 to evaluate its effect on lipid metabolism in developing seeds and to estimate its flux control coefficient. Despite several-fold increase in PDAT activity, seeds of three independently generated PDAT transgenic events showed a small but consistent decrease in seed oil content and had altered fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides and TAG, towards less unsaturation. Mass spectrometry imaging of seed sections confirmed the shift in lipid compositions and indicated that PDAT overexpression altered the distinct heterogeneous distributions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species. Similar, but less pronounced, changes in TAG molecular species distributions were observed. Our data indicate that PDAT exerts a small, negative, flux control on TAG biosynthesis and could have under-appreciated effects in fine-tuning of B. napus seed lipid composition in a tissue-specific manner. This has important implications for efforts to increase oil accumulation in similar crops.
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21
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Hao X, Chen W, Amato A, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Moog D, Hu H, Jin H, You L, Huang F, Moosburner M, Allen AE, Gong Y. Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum reveals that mitochondrial ptACSL3 is involved in the synthesis of storage lipids. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1797-1812. [PMID: 34882804 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACS) play diverse and fundamentally important roles in lipid metabolism. While their functions have been well established in bacteria, yeast and plants, the mechanisms by which LACS isozymes regulate lipid metabolism in unicellular oil-producing microalgae, including the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, remain largely unknown. In P. tricornutum, a family of five genes (ptACSL1-ptACSL5) encodes LACS activities. We generated single lacs knockout/knockdown mutants using multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 method, and determined their substrate specificities towards different fatty acids (FAs) and subcellular localisations. ptACSL3 is localised in the mitochondria and its disruption led to compromised growth and reduced triacylglycerol (TAG) content when cells were bubbled with air. The ptACSL3 mutants showed altered FA profiles in two galactoglycerolipids and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with significantly reduced distribution of 16:0 and 16:1. ptACSL5 is localised in the peroxisome and its knockdown resulted in reduced growth rate and altered molecular species of PC and TAG, indicating a role in controlling the composition of acyl-CoAs for lipid synthesis. Our work demonstrates the potential of generating gene knockout mutants with the mutation of large fragment deletion using multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 and provides insight into the functions of LACS isozymes in lipid metabolism in the oleaginous microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5168, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5168, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5168, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - Daniel Moog
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, D-35032, Germany
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lingjie You
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Mark Moosburner
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew E Allen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yangmin Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
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22
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Voronkov AS, Ivanova TV, Kumachova TK. The features of the fatty acid composition of Pyrus L. total lipids are determined by mountain ecosystem conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:350-363. [PMID: 34959055 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composition of fatty acids (FAs) of total lipids of pericarp, seeds, and leaves of Pyrus caucasica Fed. and Pyrus communis L. growing in mountain ecosystems at different altitudes (300, 700 and 1200 m) was studied. It was found that the greatest differences in the relative content of FAs within a species, depending on the altitudes above sea level, were characteristic of the outer tissues of the pericarp (peel) and leaves, which were in direct contact with the external environment. Pericarp parenchyma to a lesser extent, and seeds practically did not differ in FA composition at different heights. At altitudes with increased UV radiation, conjugated octadecadienoates: rumenic acid (9,11-18:2) and 10,12-18:2 were registered in the pericarp and leaf of Purys L., the functions of which in plants were practically not studied. The wild P. caucasica at all growing altitudes was characterized by more very-long-chain FAs (VLCFAs) than the P. communis cultivar. At 700 m, most likely when exposed to fungal infections, the relative number of VLCFAs increased significantly, and new species of individual odd-chaine FAs appeared in their composition in both representatives. It was especially worth noting the appearance in peel and leaf melissic acid (30:0), which was rarely recorded in the plant. A characteristic feature of only P. communis at an altitude of 700 m was the large number of unsaturated individual VLCFAs. Based on the data obtained, a scheme of possible pathways for VLCFA biosynthesis in P. communis were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Voronkov
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Ivanova
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Tamara K Kumachova
- Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya St, Moscow, 127550, Russia
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23
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Gill RA, Ahmar S, Ali B, Saleem MH, Khan MU, Zhou W, Liu S. The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12792. [PMID: 34884597 PMCID: PMC8657488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins of membrane transporters (MTs) are embedded within membrane-bounded organelles and are the prime targets for improvements in the efficiency of water and nutrient transportation. Their function is to maintain cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across cellular channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant's entire source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D) and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress) in plants. Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in roots negatively impact PG&D and are later on also exported to upper parts where they deteriorate grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and heavy metals, plants activate plasma membranes and vacuolar membrane-localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole and also translocate in the root's tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased water and sugar supplies to all organs. In this review, we mainly review recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape in order to argue the global role of MTs in PG&D, and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.A.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.A.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
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24
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Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101138. [PMID: 34774919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.
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25
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Hernández ML, Cejudo FJ. Chloroplast Lipids Metabolism and Function. A Redox Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:712022. [PMID: 34421962 PMCID: PMC8375268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant productivity is determined by the conversion of solar energy into biomass through oxygenic photosynthesis, a process performed by protein-cofactor complexes including photosystems (PS) II and I, and ATP synthase. These complexes are embedded in chloroplast thylakoid membrane lipids, which thus function as structural support of the photosynthetic machinery and provide the lipid matrix to avoid free ion diffusion. The lipid and fatty acid composition of thylakoid membranes are unique in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, which implies that these molecules are specifically required in oxygenic photosynthesis. Indeed, there is extensive evidence supporting a relevant function of glycerolipids in chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthetic efficiency in response to environmental stimuli, such as light and temperature. The rapid acclimation of higher plants to environmental changes is largely based on thiol-based redox regulation and the disulphide reductase activity thioredoxins (Trxs), which are reduced by ferredoxin (Fdx) via an Fdx-dependent Trx reductase. In addition, chloroplasts harbour an NADPH-dependent Trx reductase C, which allows the use of NADPH to maintain the redox homeostasis of the organelle. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of chloroplast lipid metabolism and the function of these molecules as structural basis of the complex membrane network of the organelle. Furthermore, we discuss evidence supporting the relevant role of lipids in chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthetic performance in response to environmental cues in which the redox state of the organelle plays a relevant role.
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26
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Kehelpannala C, Rupasinghe T, Pasha A, Esteban E, Hennessy T, Bradley D, Ebert B, Provart NJ, Roessner U. An Arabidopsis lipid map reveals differences between tissues and dynamic changes throughout development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:287-302. [PMID: 33866624 PMCID: PMC8361726 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the predominant analytical tool used in the field of plant lipidomics. However, there are many challenges associated with the mass spectrometric detection and identification of lipids because of the highly complex nature of plant lipids. Studies into lipid biosynthetic pathways, gene functions in lipid metabolism, lipid changes during plant growth and development, and the holistic examination of the role of plant lipids in environmental stress responses are often hindered. Here, we leveraged a robust pipeline that we previously established to extract and analyze lipid profiles of different tissues and developmental stages from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We analyzed seven tissues at several different developmental stages and identified more than 200 lipids from each tissue analyzed. The data were used to create a web-accessible in silico lipid map that has been integrated into an electronic Fluorescent Pictograph (eFP) browser. This in silico library of Arabidopsis lipids allows the visualization and exploration of the distribution and changes of lipid levels across selected developmental stages. Furthermore, it provides information on the characteristic fragments of lipids and adducts observed in the mass spectrometer and their retention times, which can be used for lipid identification. The Arabidopsis tissue lipid map can be accessed at http://bar.utoronto.ca/efp_arabidopsis_lipid/cgi-bin/efpWeb.cgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheka Kehelpannala
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | | | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Eddi Esteban
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd679 Springvale RoadMulgraveVIC3170Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd679 Springvale RoadMulgraveVIC3170Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
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27
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Choudhary AK, Mishra G. Functional characterization and expression profile of microsomal FAD2 and FAD3 genes involved in linoleic and α-linolenic acid production in Leucas cephalotes. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1233-1244. [PMID: 34220042 PMCID: PMC8212227 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The genus Leucas belongs to Lamiaceae, and has attained more attention due to the presence of unusual allenic fatty acids called laballenic and phlomic acid in majority of its species. This genus has been known since traditional medicinal times and has numerous economical, nutritional, and industrial properties. So far genetic, molecular and biochemical analyses of lipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in Leucas has not been reported. The objective of this study is to identify, isolate, analyze expression profiles, and functionally characterize the membrane-associated desaturases responsible for unsaturated fatty acid accumulation in Leucas cephalotes. Full-length LcFAD2 and LcFAD3 cDNAs were isolated and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 for functional characterization. Substrate feeding assay using S. cerevisiae confirmed that the LcFAD2 enzyme catalyzes desaturation of both palmitoleic (16:1∆9) and oleic (18:1∆9) acids to form palmitolinoleic (16:2∆9,12) and linoleic (18:2∆9,12) acids respectively. As a contrast, the heterologous activity of LcFAD2 enzyme in S. cerevisiae led to the synthesis of palmitolinoleic (16:2∆9,12) acid, an unusual fatty acid that is not found naturally in Leucas cephalotes. While the LcFAD3 enzyme catalyzed linoleic acid (18:2∆9,12) into α-linolenic acid (18:3∆9,12,15). Furthermore, transcript abundance of LcFAD2 and LcFAD3 cDNAs were estimated from various plant parts such as roots, shoots, leaves, petals and developing seeds. Our results have shown that the differential transcriptional activity of LcFAD2 and LcFAD3 desaturase genes differs significantly in developing seeds, petals, leaves, stems, and roots of L. cephalotes. Furthermore, for the industrial production of these essential fatty acids, namely, linoleic and α-linolenic acid, FAD2 and FAD3 enzyme activity could be exploited from this upcoming significant oil plant, Leucas cephalotes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01016-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girish Mishra
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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28
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Flor S, Sosa Alderete L, Dobrecky C, Tripodi V, Agostini E, Lucangioli S. LC-ESI-MS/MS Method for the Profiling of Glycerophospholipids and its Application to the Analysis of Tobacco Hairy Roots as Early Indicators of Phenol Pollution. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Vershubskii AV, Tikhonov AN. Structural and Functional Aspects of Electron Transport Thermoregulation and ATP Synthesis in Chloroplasts. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:92-104. [PMID: 33705285 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review is focused on analysis of the mechanisms of temperature-dependent regulation of electron transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts of higher plants. Importance of photosynthesis thermoregulation is determined by the fact that plants are ectothermic organisms, whose own temperature depends on the ambient temperature. The review discusses the effects of temperature on the following processes in thylakoid membranes: (i) photosystem 2 activity and plastoquinone reduction; (ii) electron transfer from plastoquinol (via the cytochrome b6f complex and plastocyanin) to photosystem 1; (iii) transmembrane proton transfer; and (iv) ATP synthesis. The data on the relationship between the functional properties of chloroplasts (photosynthetic transfer of electrons and protons, functioning of ATP synthase) and structural characteristics of membrane lipids (fluidity) obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance studies are presented.
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30
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Plant Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins-Their Lipid and Protein Interactors in Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051064. [PMID: 33946260 PMCID: PMC8146436 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses during their growth and development. Owing to their immobility, plants possess stress-sensing abilities and adaptive responses to cope with the abiotic and biotic stresses caused by extreme temperatures, drought, flooding, salinity, heavy metals and pathogens. Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs), a family of conserved proteins among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, bind to a variety of acyl-CoA esters with different affinities and play a role in the transport and maintenance of subcellular acyl-CoA pools. In plants, studies have revealed ACBP functions in development and stress responses through their interactions with lipids and protein partners. This review summarises the roles of plant ACBPs and their lipid and protein interactors in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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31
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Single-Molecule Long-Read Sequencing of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and Differential Gene Expression Related with Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040655. [PMID: 33808162 PMCID: PMC8066459 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the full-length transcriptome of purslane (Portulaca oleracea); assorted plant samples were used for single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Based on SMRT, functional annotation of transcripts, transcript factors (TFs) analysis, simple sequence repeat analysis and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) prediction were accomplished. Total 15.33-GB reads were produced; with 9,350,222 subreads and the average length of subreads, 1640 bp was counted. With 99.99% accuracy, after clustering, 132,536 transcripts and 78,559 genes were detected. All unique SMART transcripts were annotated in seven functional databases. 4180 TFs (including transcript regulators) and 7289 LncRNAs were predicted. The results of RNA-seq were confirmed with qRT–PCR analysis. Illumina sequencing of leaves and roots of two purslane genotypes was carried out. Amounts of differential expression genes and related KEGG pathways were found. The expression profiles of related genes in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway in leaves and roots of two genotypes of purslane were analyzed. Differential expression of genes in this pathway built the foundation of ω-3 fatty acid accumulation in different organs and genotypes of purslane. The aforementioned results provide sequence information and may be a valuable resource for whole-genome sequencing of purslane in the future.
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32
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Zeng J, Li J, Liu S, Yang Z, Zhong Y, Chen X, Li G, Li J. Lipidome disturbances in preadipocyte differentiation associated with bisphenol A and replacement bisphenol S exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141949. [PMID: 32891999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is the major substitute for the production of bisphenol A (BPA)-free products and detected in both food and environment. Although the relationship between BPA exposure and increased risk of obesity and diabetes has been noted, the potential influence of BPS is not fully understood. Herein, a non-targeted lipidomic study was performed to explore BPA/BPS exposure actions using the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation model, and revealed the comprehensive lipidome disturbance induced by either BPA or BPS exposure at different doses of 0.01, 1 and 100 μM. BPA was more potent than BPS in disturbance of lipid metabolism. A considerable similarity of BPS exposure to BPA was discovered. The key lipid remodeling in response to exposure was found to involve the cardiolipins, phosphatidylglycerols and fatty acids metabolic pathways, providing novel clues of potential mechanism in which both BPA and BPS exposure could be associated with increased risk of insulin resistance. Our study supplies the perspective into the lipidome response to environmental stress induced by BPA/BPS, and shows that BPA-free products are not necessarily safer. Substitution of BPA by its structural analog BPS should be therefore performed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Junli Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Sishangyu Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guiling Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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Zhao C, Liu X, He J, Xie Y, Xu Y, Ma F, Guan Q. Apple TIME FOR COFFEE contributes to freezing tolerance by promoting unsaturation of fatty acids. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110695. [PMID: 33288008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Freezing stress is a major environmental factor that threatens the growth and development of fruit trees. MdMYB88 and its paralogue MdMYB124 have been identified as pivotal regulators in apple (Malus × domestica) freezing stress tolerance. Here, we demonstrated that a target of MdMYB88 and MdMYB124, TIME FOR COFFEE (TIC), contributes to freezing tolerance in apple. MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 directly bound the MdTIC promoter and positively regulated its expression under cold conditions. MdTIC RNAi plants displayed reduced freezing tolerance when MdTIC expression was repressed. Moreover, MdTIC RNAi plants lowered antioxidant enzyme activity. Transcriptome profiling revealed altered expression of cold-responsive genes in MdTIC RNAi plants under cold conditions, including MdPLC2, MdMKK2, and MdICE1. We also discovered that disordered MdTIC expression changed the saturation of fatty acids. Taken together, our data suggest that MdTIC is required for apple to tolerate freezing by mediating the expression of cold-responsive genes and fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caide Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yinpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Ahmadizadeh M, Rezaee S, Heidari P. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of fatty acid desaturase gene family in Camelina sativa. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tikhonov AN, Vershubskii AV. Temperature-dependent regulation of electron transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts in vitro and in silico. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:299-329. [PMID: 32780309 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The significance of temperature-dependent regulation of photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) is determined by the fact that plant temperature changes with environmental temperature. In this work, we present a brief overview of temperature-dependent regulation of photosynthetic processes in class B chloroplasts (thylakoids) and analyze these processes using a computer model that takes into account the key stages of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis. The rate constants of partial reactions were parametrized on the basis of experimental temperature dependences of partial photosynthetic processes: (1) photosystem II (PSII) turnover and plastoquinone (PQ) reduction, (2) the plastoquinol (PQH2) oxidation by the cytochrome (Cyt) b6f complex, (3) the ATP synthase activity, and (4) the proton leak from the thylakoid lumen. We consider that PQH2 oxidation is the rate-limiting step in the intersystem electron transport. The parametrization of the rate constants of these processes is based on earlier experimental data demonstrating strong correlations between the functional and structural properties of thylakoid membranes that were probed with the lipid-soluble spin labels embedded into the membranes. Within the framework of our model, we could adequately describe a number of experimental temperature dependences of photosynthetic reactions in thylakoids. Computer modeling of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis supports the notion that PQH2 oxidation by the Cyt b6f complex and proton pumping into the lumen are the basic temperature-dependent processes that determine the overall electron flux from PSII to molecular oxygen and the net ATP synthesis upon variations of temperature. The model describes two branches of the temperature dependence of the post-illumination reduction of [Formula: see text] characterized by different activation energies (about 60 and ≤ 3.5 kJ mol-1). The model predicts the bell-like temperature dependence of ATP formation, which arises from the balance of several factors: (1) the thermo-induced acceleration of electron transport through the Cyt b6f complex, (2) deactivation of PSII photochemistry at sufficiently high temperatures, and (3) acceleration of the passive proton outflow from the thylakoid lumen bypassing the ATP synthase complex. The model describes the temperature dependence of experimentally measured parameter P/2e, determined as the ratio between the rates of ATP synthesis and pseudocyclic electron transport (H2O → PSII → PSI → O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Li J, Hua J, Yuan H, Deng Y, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Dong C, Zeng J, Jiang Y. Investigation on green tea lipids and their metabolic variations during manufacturing by nontargeted lipidomics. Food Chem 2020; 339:128114. [PMID: 33152890 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic metabolites implicated in tea flavor quality. Understanding their transformations during tea manufacture is of particular interest. To date, the detailed lipid composition and variations during green tea manufacture are largely unknown. Herein, we performed a comprehensive characterization of the dynamic changes of lipids during green tea manufacture, by applying nontargeted lipidomics using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS) combined with chemometric tools. Totally, 283 lipid species were detected, covering 20 subclasses. Significant lipidomic variations were observed during green tea manufacture, especially in the fixation stage, mainly associated with chlorophyll decomposition, phosphatidic acids (PAs) reduction and glycolipids degradation, which potentially contribute to tea color and aroma quality. Specifically, the most prominent decrease of PAs content during green tea manufacture was identified for the first time. This study provides insights into the lipid metabolic fates upon green tea manufacture, and their roles in green tea sensory quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jinjie Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chunwang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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Abstract
In plants, lipids function in a variety of ways. Lipids are a major component of biological membranes and are used as a compact energy source for seed germination. Fatty acids, the major lipids in plants, are synthesized in plastid and assembled by glycerolipids or triacylglycerols in endoplasmic reticulum. The metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerols is well studied in most Arabidopsis model plants by forward and reverse genetics methods. However, research on the diverse functions of lipids in plants, including various crops, has yet to be completed. The papers of this Special Issue cover the core of the field of plant lipid research on the role of galactolipids in the chloroplast biogenesis from etioplasts and the role of acyltransferases and transcription factors involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. This information will contribute to the expansion of plant lipid research.
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Cai H, Han S, Yu M, Ma R, Yu Z. Exogenous nitric oxide fumigation promoted the emission of volatile organic compounds in peach fruit during shelf life after long-term cold storage. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zhukov AV, Shumskaya M. Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in plant response to stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:695-703. [PMID: 32513384 DOI: 10.1071/fp19100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is affected by various stresses leading to changes in metabolism. Stress conditions include a variety of biotic and abiotic factors such as pathogens, drought, high and low temperatures and heavy metals. Among multiple physiological responses to stress, there is an adaptive modification in membrane lipid constituents. In particular, the composition of membrane very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) changes both qualitatively and quantitatively. Here, we evaluate the current data on the effects of stress on plant VLCFAs composition. In summary, some stress conditions lead to an increase of the total amount of saturated and, in certain cases, unsaturated VLCFAs. Currently, it is not completely clear how these molecules participate in the biology of plant cell membranes. Their possible functional roles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Zhukov
- KA Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Shumskaya
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA; and Corresponding author.
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Selvi A, Devi K, Manimekalai R, Prathima PT. Comparative analysis of drought-responsive transcriptomes of sugarcane genotypes with differential tolerance to drought. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:236. [PMID: 32399386 PMCID: PMC7203378 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Water stress causes considerable yield losses in sugarcane. To investigate differentially expressed genes under water stress, two sugarcane genotypes were subjected to three water-deficit levels (mild, moderate, and severe) and subsequent recovery and leaf transcriptome was generated using Illumina NextSeq sequencing. Among the differentially expressed genes, the tolerant genotype Co 06022 generated 2970 unigenes (p ≤ 0.05, functionally known, non-redundant DEGs) at 2-day stress, and there was a progressive decrease in the expressed genes as the stress period increased with 2109 unigenes at 6-day stress and 2307 unigenes at 10-day stress. There was considerable reduction at recovery with 1334 unigenes expressed at 10 days after recovery. However, in the susceptible genotype Co 8021, the number of unigenes expressed at 2 days was lower (2025) than the tolerant genotype and a further reduction was seen at 6-day stress (1552). During recovery, more differentially expressed genes were observed in the susceptible cultivar indicating that the cultivar has to activate more functions/processes to recover from the damage caused by stress. Comparison of DEGs between all stages of stress and recovery in both genotypes revealed that, the commonly up- and down-regulated genes across different stages were approximately double in the tolerant genotype. The most enriched gene ontology classes were heme binding, peroxidase activity and metal ion binding in the biological process and response to oxidative stress, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process and response to stress in the molecular function category. The cellular component was enriched with DEGs involved in extracellular region followed by integral component of membrane. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed important metabolic activities and functionally important genes involved in mitigating water-deficit stress in both the varieties. In addition, several unannotated genes in important pathways were detected and together may provide novel insights into water-deficit tolerance mechanisms in sugarcane. The reliability of the observed expression patterns was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results of this study will help to identify useful genes for improving drought tolerance in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Selvi
- Biotechnology Section, Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 007 India
| | - K. Devi
- Biotechnology Section, Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 007 India
| | - R. Manimekalai
- Biotechnology Section, Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 007 India
| | - P. T. Prathima
- Biotechnology Section, Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 007 India
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Zhang A, Zhang Q, Li J, Gong H, Fan X, Yang Y, Liu X, Yin X. Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:103. [PMID: 32138665 PMCID: PMC7059668 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aroma is an important organoleptic quality for fruit and has a large influence on consumer preference. Kiwifruit esters undergo rapid and substantial changes contributing to the flavor during fruit ripening. Part of enzymes and their coding genes have been indicated potential candidates for flavor-related esters synthesis. However, there still exist obvious gaps in the biosynthetic pathways of esters and the mechanisms regulating ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit remain unknown. RESULTS Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), volatile compounds of kiwifruit were quantified in response to ethylene (ETH, 100 μl/l, 24 h, 20 °C) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 1 μl/l, 24 h, 20 °C). The results indicated that esters showed the most substantial changes enhanced by ethylene and were inhibited by 1-MCP. Correlations between RNA-seq results and concentrations of esters, constructed using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) indicated that three structural genes (fatty acid desaturase, AdFAD1; aldehyde dehydrogenase, AdALDH2; alcohol acyltransferase, AdAT17) had similar expression patterns that paralled the changes in total ester content, and AdFAD1 transcripts exhibited the highest correlation. In order to search for potential regulators for ester biosynthesis, 14 previously reported ethylene-responsive transcription factors (TFs) were included in the correlation analysis with esters and their biosynthetic genes. Using dual-luciferase assay, the in vivo regulatory activities of TFs on ester biosynthetic gene promoters were investigated and the results indicated that AdNAC5 and AdDof4 (DNA binding with one finger) trans-activated and trans-suppressed the AdFAD1 promoter. CONCLUSIONS The present study advanced the molecular basis of ripening-related ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit by identifying three biosynthetic related genes AdFAD1, AdALDH2 and AdAT17 by transcriptome analysis, and highlighted the function of two TFs by transactivation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidi Zhang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025 People’s Republic of China
- BioNanotechnology Institute, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhao Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hansheng Gong
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025 People’s Republic of China
- BioNanotechnology Institute, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinguang Fan
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueren Yin
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
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He M, Ding NZ. Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Multiple Roles in Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562785. [PMID: 33013981 PMCID: PMC7500430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Land plants are exposed to not only biotic stresses such as pathogen infection and herbivore wounding, but abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, and salt. Elaborate strategies have been developed to avoid or abide the adverse effects, with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) emerging as general defenders. In higher plants, the most common UFAs are three 18-carbon species, namely, oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and α-linolenic (18:3) acids. These simple compounds act as ingredients and modulators of cellular membranes in glycerolipids, reserve of carbon and energy in triacylglycerol, stocks of extracellular barrier constituents (e.g., cutin and suberin), precursors of various bioactive molecules (e.g., jasmonates and nitroalkenes), and regulators of stress signaling. Nevertheless, they are also potential inducers of oxidative stress. In this review, we will present an overview of these roles and then shed light on genetic engineering of FA synthetic genes for improving plant/crop stress tolerance.
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Liao P, Woodfield HK, Harwood JL, Chye ML, Scofield S. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Brassica napus L. during Seed Maturation Reveals Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression between Embryos and Seed Coats and Distinct Expression Profiles of Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins for Lipid Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2812-2825. [PMID: 31504915 PMCID: PMC6896696 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of vegetable oils is a vital agricultural resource and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is the third most important oil crop globally. Although the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in oilseeds is still not fully defined, the acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been reported to be involved in such metabolism, including oil accumulation, in several plant species. In this study, progressive changes in gene expression in embryos and seed coats at different stages of seed development were comprehensively investigated by transcriptomic analyses in B. napus, revealing dynamic changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. We show that genes encoding BnACBP proteins show distinct changes in expression at different developmental stages of seed development and show markedly different expression between embryos and seed coats. Both isoforms of the ankyrin-repeat BnACBP2 increased during the oil accumulation period of embryo development. By contrast, the expression of the three most abundant isoforms of the small molecular mass BnACBP6 in embryos showed progressive reduction, despite having the highest overall expression level. In seed coats, BnACBP3, BnACBP4 and BnACBP5 expression remained constant during development, whereas the two major isoforms of BnACBP6 increased, contrasting with the data from embryos. We conclude that genes related to fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis showing dynamic expression changes may regulate the lipid distribution in embryos and seed coats of B. napus and that BnACBP2 and BnACBP6 are potentially important for oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Simon Scofield
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Miao X, Zhang L, Hu X, Nan S, Chen X, Fu H. Cloning and functional analysis of the FAD2 gene family from desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:481. [PMID: 31703625 PMCID: PMC6839233 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linoleic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for all eukaryotes. Microsomal delta-12 (Δ12) oleate desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme for linoleic acid biosynthesis. Desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala is rich in linoleic acid, it has a large FAD2 gene family with twenty-six members. The aim of this work is to unveil the difference and potentially functionality of AsFAD2 family members. RESULTS Full-length cDNAs of twenty-one AsFAD2 genes were obtained from A. sphaerocephala. The putative polypeptides encoded by AsFAD2 family genes showed a high level of sequence similarity and were relatively conserved during evolution. The motif composition was also relatively conservative. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the AsFAD2-1 gene was strongly expressed in developing seeds, which may be closely associated with the high accumulating ability of linoleic acid in A. sphaerocephala seeds. Although different AsFAD2 family members showed diverse response to salt stress, the overall mRNA levels of the AsFAD2 family genes was stable. Transient expression of AsFAD2 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that the encoded proteins were all located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggested that only three AsFAD2 enzymes, AsFAD2-1, - 10, and - 23, were Δ12 oleate desaturases, which could convert oleic acid to linoleic acid, whereas AsFAD2-1 and AsFAD2-10 could also produce palmitolinoleic acid. CONCLUSIONS This research reported the cloning, expression studies, subcellular localization and functional identification of the large AsFAD2 gene family. These results should be helpful in understanding fatty acid biosynthesis in A. sphaerocephala, and has the potential to be applied in the study of plant fatty acids traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
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Kovaleski AP, Londo JP. Tempo of gene regulation in wild and cultivated Vitis species shows coordination between cold deacclimation and budbreak. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110178. [PMID: 31481199 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy release, loss of cold hardiness and budbreak are critical aspects of the annual cycle of deciduous perennial plants. Molecular control of these processes is not fully understood, and genotypic variation may be important for climate adaptation. To gain greater understanding of these processes, single-node cuttings from wild (Vitis amurensis, V. riparia) and cultivated Vitis genotypes (V. vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Riesling') were collected from the vineyard during winter and placed under forcing conditions. Cold hardiness was measured daily, and buds were collected for gene expression analysis until budbreak. Wild Vitis genotypes had faster deacclimation and budbreak than V. vinifera. Temperature-sensing related genes were quickly and synchronously differentially expressed in all genotypes. Significant changes in the pattern of expression changes for eight major metabolic and hormone related pathways were seen across all genotypes. Downregulation of ABA synthesis appears to play an important role in loss of cold hardiness and budbreak in all genotypes. This role was validated through an observed halt in cold hardiness loss of 'Riesling' buds treated with exogenous ABA. The gene expression cascade that occurs during deacclimation and budbreak phenology of fast (wild) and slow (cultivated) grapevines appears coordinated and temporally conserved within these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson P Kovaleski
- School of Integrative Plant Science - Horticulture Section, Cornell University - Cornell AgriTech, 15 Castle Creek Drive 630, Geneva, NY, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, 15 Castle Creek Drive 630, Geneva, NY, USA.
| | - Jason P Londo
- School of Integrative Plant Science - Horticulture Section, Cornell University - Cornell AgriTech, 15 Castle Creek Drive 630, Geneva, NY, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, 15 Castle Creek Drive 630, Geneva, NY, USA.
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46
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Xue M, Guo T, Ren M, Wang Z, Tang K, Zhang W, Wang M. Constitutive expression of chloroplast glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus enhances unsaturation of chloroplast lipids and tolerance to chilling, freezing and oxidative stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 143:375-387. [PMID: 31542639 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the first key enzyme determining the unsaturation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in thylakoid membranes and is involved in the tolerance of plants to chilling, heat and high salinity. However, whether the GPAT affects plant tolerance to other stressors has been scarcely reported. Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is the only evergreen broadleaf shrub growing in the central Asian desert, and it has a high tolerance to harsh environments, especially extreme cold. This study aimed to characterize the physiological function of AmGPAT from A. mongolicus. The transcription of AmGPAT was markedly induced by cold and drought but differentially suppressed by heat and high salinity in the laboratory-cultured seedlings. The gene also had the highest transcription levels in the leaves of shrubs naturally growing in the wild during the late autumn and winter months throughout the year. Moreover, AmGPAT was most abundantly expressed in leaves and immature pods rather than other organs of the shrubs. Constitutive expression of AmGPAT in Arabidopsis increased the levels of cis-unsaturated fatty acids, especially that of linolenic acid (18:3), mainly in PG but also in other chloroplast lipids in transgenic lines. More importantly, the transgene significantly increased the tolerance of the transgenics not only to chilling but also to freezing and oxidative stress at both the cellular and whole-plant levels. In contrast, this gene reduced heat tolerance of the transgenic plants. This study improves the current understanding of chloroplast GPAT in plant tolerance against abiotic stressors through regulating the unsaturation of chloroplast lipids, mainly that of PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Ting Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Meiyan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Zhilin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Kuangang Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Maoyan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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47
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Arico D, Legris M, Castro L, Garcia CF, Laino A, Casal JJ, Mazzella MA. Neighbour signals perceived by phytochrome B increase thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2554-2566. [PMID: 31069808 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the preeminence of reductionist approaches, understanding of plant responses to combined stresses is limited. We speculated that light-quality signals of neighbouring vegetation might increase susceptibility to heat shocks because shade reduces tissue temperature and hence the likeness of heat shocks. In contrast, plants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under low-red/far-red ratios typical of shade were less damaged by heat stress than plants grown under simulated sunlight. Neighbour signals reduce the activity of phytochrome B (phyB), increasing the abundance of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). The phyB mutant showed high tolerance to heat stress even under simulated sunlight, and a pif multiple mutant showed low tolerance under simulated shade. phyB and red/far-red ratio had no effects on seedlings acclimated with nonstressful warm temperatures before the heat shock. The phyB mutant showed reduced expression of several fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes and less proportion of fully unsaturated fatty acids and electrolyte leakage of membranes exposed to heat shocks. Red-light-activated phyB also reduced thermotolerance of dark-grown seedlings but not via changes in FADs expression and membrane stability. We propose that the reduced photosynthetic capacity linked to thermotolerant membranes would be less costly under shade, where the light input limits photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Arico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Martina Legris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Luciana Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Carlos Fernando Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Aldana Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Jorge José Casal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1417, Argentina
| | - Maria Agustina Mazzella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
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48
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Zhao X, Wei J, He L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Xu X, Wei Y, Ge S, Ding D, Liu M, Gao S, Xu J. Identification of Fatty Acid Desaturases in Maize and Their Differential Responses to Low and High Temperature. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060445. [PMID: 31210171 PMCID: PMC6627218 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant fatty acid desaturases (FADs) catalyze the desaturation of fatty acids in various forms and play important roles in regulating fatty acid composition and maintaining membrane fluidity under temperature stress. A total of 30 FADs were identified from a maize genome, including 13 soluble and 17 membrane-bound FADs, which were further classified into two and five sub-groups, respectively, via phylogenetic analysis. Although there is no evolutionary relationship between the soluble and the membrane-bound FADs, they all harbor a highly conserved FA_desaturase domain, and the types and the distributions of conserved motifs are similar within each sub-group. The transcriptome analysis revealed that genes encoding FADs exhibited different expression profiles under cold and heat stresses. The expression of ZmFAD2.1&2.2, ZmFAD7, and ZmSLD1&3 were significantly up-regulated under cold stress; moreover, the expression of ZmFAD2.1&2.3 and ZmSLD1&3 were obviously down-regulated under heat stress. The co-expression analysis demonstrated close correlation among the transcription factors and the significant responsive FAD genes under cold or heat stress. This study helps to understand the roles of plant FADs in temperature stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchao Zhao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Jinpeng Wei
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Lin He
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Yulei Wei
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Shengnan Ge
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Dong Ding
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Shuren Gao
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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49
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Zečić A, Dhondt I, Braeckman BP. The nutritional requirements of Caenorhabditis elegans. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:15. [PMID: 31080524 PMCID: PMC6501307 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animals require sufficient intake of a variety of nutrients to support their development, somatic maintenance and reproduction. An adequate diet provides cell building blocks, chemical energy to drive cellular processes and essential nutrients that cannot be synthesised by the animal, or at least not in the required amounts. Dietary requirements of nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans have been extensively studied with the major aim to develop a chemically defined axenic medium that would support their growth and reproduction. At the same time, these studies helped elucidating important aspects of nutrition-related biochemistry and metabolism as well as the establishment of C. elegans as a powerful model in studying evolutionarily conserved pathways, and the influence of the diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zečić
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ineke Dhondt
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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50
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Huang Y, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Wang Z, Huang C, Huang R, Luan Y, Fan T, Wang J, Shen C, Zhang S, Wang X, Randall J, Zheng B, Wu J, Zhang Q, Xia G, Xu C, Chen M, Zhang L, Jiang W, Gao L, Chen Z, Leslie CA, Grauke LJ, Huang J. The genomes of pecan and Chinese hickory provide insights into Carya evolution and nut nutrition. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz036. [PMID: 31049561 PMCID: PMC6497033 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and Chinese hickory (C. cathayensis) are important commercially cultivated nut trees in the genus Carya (Juglandaceae), with high nutritional value and substantial health benefits. RESULTS We obtained >187.22 and 178.87 gigabases of sequence, and ∼288× and 248× genome coverage, to a pecan cultivar ("Pawnee") and a domesticated Chinese hickory landrace (ZAFU-1), respectively. The total assembly size is 651.31 megabases (Mb) for pecan and 706.43 Mb for Chinese hickory. Two genome duplication events before the divergence from walnut were found in these species. Gene family analysis highlighted key genes in biotic and abiotic tolerance, oil, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and B vitamins. Further analyses of reduced-coverage genome sequences of 16 Carya and 2 Juglans species provide additional phylogenetic perspective on crop wild relatives. CONCLUSIONS Cooperative characterization of these valuable resources provides a window to their evolutionary development and a valuable foundation for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lihong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongren Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, No. 38 Xueqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ren Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yumeng Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tongqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinwang Wang
- Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77979, USA
| | - Jennifer Randall
- College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 3BE Skeen Hall, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guohua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chuanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Rd., Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, No. 38 Xueqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhi Gao
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132 Lanhei Rd., Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhiduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100093, China
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L J Grauke
- Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77979, USA
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
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