1
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Sun X, Jiang F. Periodate oxidation-mediated nanocelluloses: Preparation, functionalization, structural design, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122305. [PMID: 38876711 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the remarkable progress in nanotechnology has ignited considerable interest in investigating nanocelluloses, an environmentally friendly and sustainable nanomaterial derived from cellulosic feedstocks. Current research primarily focuses on the preparation and applications of nanocelluloses. However, to enhance the efficiency of nanofibrillation, reduce energy consumption, and expand nanocellulose applications, chemical pre-treatments of cellulose fibers have attracted substantial interest and extensive exploration. Various chemical pre-treatment methods yield nanocelluloses with diverse functional groups. Among these methods, periodate oxidation has garnered significant attention recently, due to the formation of dialdehyde cellulose derived nanocellulose, which exhibits great promise for further modification with various functional groups. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive and in-depth examination of periodate oxidation-mediated nanocelluloses (PONCs), including their preparation, functionalization, hierarchical structural design, and applications. We believe that PONCs stand as highly promising candidates for the development of novel nano-cellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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2
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Hill R, Phipps J, Greenwood R, Skuse D, Zhang ZJ. The effect of pre-treatment and process conditions on the gas barrier properties of fibrillated cellulose films and coatings: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122085. [PMID: 38710579 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is a bio-material produced by disintegrating cellulose fibres into fibrillar components. MFC could offer a sustainable solution to packaging needs since it can form an excellent barrier to oxygen. However, a comprehensive understanding of how MFC characteristics impact barrier properties of MFC films or coatings is required. This article critically reviews how the extent of separation of fibres into fibrils-and any resulting changes to the crystallinity and degree of polymerisation of cellulose-influences gas barrier properties of MFC films or coatings. Findings from publications investigating the barrier performance of MFC prepared through different processes intending to increase the effectiveness of fibrillation are evaluated and compared. The effects of processing conditions or chemical pre-treatments on barrier properties of MFC films or coatings are then discussed. A comparison of reported results showed that morphology and size polydispersity of the cellulose strongly influence the barrier properties of MFC. However, changing the MFC production process to decrease fibril diameter and polydispersity can result in changes to cellulose crystallinity; reduction in fibril length; introduction of bulky functional groups; or increased fibril surface charge: all of which could have a negative impact on the barrier properties of the final films or coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Hill
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; FiberLean Technologies, Par Moor Road, Par PL24 2SQ, UK.
| | - Jon Phipps
- FiberLean Technologies, Par Moor Road, Par PL24 2SQ, UK.
| | - Richard Greenwood
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - David Skuse
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; FiberLean Technologies, Par Moor Road, Par PL24 2SQ, UK.
| | - Zhenyu Jason Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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3
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Ma Y, Lu Y, Yue Y, He S, Jiang S, Mei C, Xu X, Wu Q, Xiao H, Han J. Nanocellulose-mediated bilayer hydrogel actuators with thermo-responsive, shape memory and self-sensing performances. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122067. [PMID: 38616090 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by creatures, abundant stimulus-responsive hydrogel actuators with diverse functionalities have been manufactured for applications in soft robotics. However, constructing a shape memory and self-sensing bilayer hydrogel actuator with high mechanical strength and strong interfacial bonding still remains a challenge. Herein, a novel bilayer hydrogel with a stimulus-responsive TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (TOCN/PNIPAM) layer and a non-responsive TOCN/polyacrylamide (TOCN/PAM) layer is proposed as a thermosensitive actuator. TOCNs as a nano-reinforced phase provide a high mechanical strength and endow the hydrogel actuator with a strong interfacial bonding. Due to the incorporation of TOCNs, the TOCN/PNIPAM hydrogel exhibits a high compressive strength (~89.2 kPa), elongation at break (~170.7 %) and tensile strength (~24.0 kPa). The prepared PNIPAM/TOCN/PAM hydrogel actuator performs the roles of an encapsulation, jack, temperature-controlled fluid valve and temperature-control manipulator. The incorporation of Fe3+ further endows the bilayer hydrogel actuator with a synergistic performance of shape memory and temperature-driven, which can be used as a temperature-responsive switch to detect ambient temperature. The PNIPAM/TOCN/PAM-Fe3+ conductive hydrogel can be assembled into a flexible sensor and generate sensing signals when driven by temperature changes to achieve real-time feedback. This research may lead to new insights into the design and manufacturing of intelligent flexible soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ya Lu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yiying Yue
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shuijian He
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changtong Mei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinwu Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Jingquan Han
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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4
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Jiao H, Lu X, Li Y, Zhang H, Fu Y, Zhong C, Wang Q, Ullah MW, Liu H, Yong YC, Liu J. In situ biomineralization reinforcing anisotropic nanocellulose scaffolds for guiding the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133515. [PMID: 38944070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is a promising biopolymer for various biomedical applications owing to its biocompatibility and low toxicity. However, it faces challenges in tissue engineering (TE) applications due to the inconsistency of the microenvironment within the NC-based scaffolds with target tissues, including anisotropy microstructure and biomechanics. To address this challenge, a facile swelling-induced nanofiber alignment and a novel in situ biomineralization reinforcement strategies were developed for the preparation of NC-based scaffolds with tunable anisotropic structure and mechanical strength for guiding the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for potential TE application. The bacterial cellulose (BC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) based scaffolds with tunable swelling anisotropic index in the range of 10-100 could be prepared by controlling the swelling medium. The in situ biomineralization efficiently reinforced the scaffolds with 2-4 times and 10-20 times modulus increasement for BC and CNFs, respectively. The scaffolds with higher mechanical strength were superior in supporting cell growth and proliferation, suggesting the potential application in TE application. This work demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed strategy in the preparation of scaffolds with mechanical anisotropy to induce cells-directed differentiation for TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuechu Lu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinyi Fu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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5
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Sang C, Wang S, Jin X, Cheng X, Xiao H, Yue Y, Han J. Nanocellulose-mediated conductive hydrogels with NIR photoresponse and fatigue resistance for multifunctional wearable sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121947. [PMID: 38494214 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of hydrogels has garnered significant attention in health monitoring and human motion sensing. However, the synthesis of multifunctional conductive hydrogels with excellent strain/pressure sensing and photoresponsiveness remains a challenge. Herein, the conductive hydrogels (BPTP) with excellent mechanical properties, fatigue resistance and photoresponsive behavior composed of polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxy-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) reinforcement and polydopamine-modified black phosphorus (BP@PDA) photosensitizer are prepared through a facile free-radical polymerization approach. The PDA adhered to the BP surface by π-π stacking promotes the optical properties of BP while also preventing BP oxidation from water. Through hydrogen bonding interactions, TOCNs improve the homogeneous dispersion of BP@PDA nanosheets and the mechanical toughness of BPTP. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of PDA and TOCNs, the conductive BPTP integrates superior mechanical performances, excellent photoelectric response and photothermal conversion capability. The BPTP-based sensor with high cycling stability demonstrates superior strain sensitivity (GF = 6.0) and pressure sensing capability (S = 0.13 kPa-1) to monitor various human activities. Therefore, this work delivers an alternative construction strategy for generating high-performance conductive hydrogels as multifunctional wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Sang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyue Jin
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing Institute of Quality Development and Advanced Technology Application, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yiying Yue
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jingquan Han
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Zhou T, Choi HW, Jabbour G. Ultrathin Freestanding Nanocellulose Film Prepared from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation and Homogenized Hydrogel. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21798-21804. [PMID: 38799327 PMCID: PMC11112707 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a versatile method to fabricate ultrathin nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) films as thin as 800 nm by blade coating, which is compatible with a roll-to-roll process on a large scale. Our approach allows obtaining a dried nanocellulose film within a span of 1 h subsequent to 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-assisted oxidation and homogenization procedures. One of the thinnest freestanding NFC films with a thickness of 800 nm is achieved using a blade coating of nanocellulose after 72 h of oxidation followed by homogenization with a channel size of 65 μm. Incorporating water-soluble CdTe core-type quantum dots into the nanocellulose film led to a uniform emission under 385 nm UV irradiation, indicating excellent material compatibility. We anticipate nanocellulose developed in our study to be beneficial in biomimicry flying objects, environmentally friendly encapsulation, color filters, and energy storage device membranes, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhou
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, Reno, 1664
N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
- Kaneka
US Material Research Center (KMR), Kaneka
Americas Holding, Inc., 34801 Campus Dr., Fremont, California 94555, United States
| | - Hyung Woo Choi
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, Reno, 1664
N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ghassan Jabbour
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, Reno, 1664
N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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7
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Zhou M, Chen D, Chen Q, Chen P, Song G, Chang C. Reversible Surface Engineering of Cellulose Elementary Fibrils: From Ultralong Nanocelluloses to Advanced Cellulosic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312220. [PMID: 38288877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are supramolecular assemblies of cellulose chains that provide outstanding mechanical support and structural functions for cellulosic organisms. However, traditional chemical pretreatments and mechanical defibrillation of natural cellulose produce irreversible surface functionalization and adverse effects of morphology of the CNFs, respectively, which limit the utilization of CNFs in nanoassembly and surface functionalization. Herein, this work presents a facile and energetically efficient surface engineering strategy to completely exfoliate cellulose elementary fibrils from various bioresources, which provides CNFs with ultrahigh aspect ratios (≈1400) and reversible surface. During the mild process of swelling and esterification, the crystallinity and the morphology of the elementary fibrils are retained, resulting in high yields (98%) with low energy consumption (12.4 kJ g-1). In particular, on the CNF surface, the surface hydroxyl groups are restored by removal of the carboxyl moieties via saponification, which offers a significant opportunity for reconstitution of stronger hydrogen bonding interfaces. Therefore, the resultant CNFs can be used as sustainable building blocks for construction of multidimensional advanced cellulosic materials, e.g., 1D filaments, 2D films, and 3D aerogels. The proposed surface engineering strategy provides a new platform for fully utilizing the characteristics of the cellulose elementary fibrils in the development of high-performance cellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, and Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, and Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Guangjie Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, and Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
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Zhang Z, Mao H, Kong Y, Niu P, Zheng J, Liu P, Wang WJ, Li Y, Yang X. Re-Designing Cellulosic Core-Shell Composite Fibers for Advanced Photothermal and Thermal-Regulating Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305924. [PMID: 37990391 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible fibers and textiles featuring photothermal conversion and storage capacities are ideal platforms for solar-energy utilization and wearable thermal management. Other than using fossil-fuel-based synthetic fibers, re-designing natural fibers with nanotechnology is a sustainable but challenging option. Herein, advanced core-shell structure fibers based on plant-based nanocelluloses are obtained using a facile co-axial wet-spinning process, which has superior photothermal and thermal-regulating performances. Besides serving as the continuous matrix, nanocelluloses also have two other important roles: dispersing agent when exfoliating molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and stabilizer for phase change materials (PCM) in the form of Pickering emulsion. Consequently, the shell layer contains well-oriented nanocelluloses and MoS2, and the core layer contains a high content of PCM in a leak-proof encapsulated manner. Such a hierarchical cellulosic supportive structure leads to high mechanical strength (139 MPa), favorable flexibility, and large latent heat (92.0 J g-1), surpassing most previous studies. Furthermore, the corresponding woven cloth demonstrates satisfactory thermal-regulating performance, high solar-thermal conversion and storage efficiency (78.4-84.3%), and excellent long-term performance. In all, this work paves a new way to build advanced structures by assembling nanoparticles and polymers for functional composite fibers in advanced solar-energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
| | - Jieyuan Zheng
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
| | - Pingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
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Tai R, Ogura I, Okazaki T, Iizumi Y, Mano H. Algal growth inhibition test with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers. NANOIMPACT 2024; 34:100504. [PMID: 38537806 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Ecotoxicity data on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are limited despite their wide potential applications prospects, such as structural and packaging materials, filters, coatings, foods, and cosmetics. In this study, toxicity tests of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized CNFs (TEMPO-CNFs), which are one of the major CNF products commercially available in Japan, on the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata were conducted. As nanomaterials are considered difficult-to-test substances, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has released a guidance document that provides considerations regarding ecotoxicity tests of nanomaterials. In the algal growth inhibition tests of TEMPO-CNFs, there were specific issues to be examined, including the effects of medium components on the characteristics of TEMPO-CNFs, CNF interference with algal density measurements, algal interference with CNF measurements, and the effects of ion concentration changes in the test medium by the addition of CNFs on algal growth. To examine these issues, we conducted preliminary studies and established a suitable test method for algal growth inhibition tests of TEMPO-CNFs. We confirmed that the components in the medium for algal growth inhibition tests had negligible effects on the characteristics (zeta-potential, viscosity, and morphology) and concentration stability of TEMPO-CNFs and that in vitro and in vivo fluorescence measurements were applicable for estimating the algal densities, without interference by TEMPO-CNFs. In contrast, we observed that the grown algae interfered with the CNF concentration measurements. Therefore, we established a method to correct the measured CNF concentrations by estimating the algal contribution. Furthermore, we found that the nutrient salt concentrations in the medium changed due to interactions with CNFs; however, this change did not affect algal growth. Based on the results of the preliminary studies, algal growth inhibition tests of TEMPO-CNFs were conducted using in vitro and in vivo fluorescence measurements, along with measurements of CNFs and ion concentrations in the test dispersions. The test results showed that no growth inhibition was observed on growth rate or yield even at the maximum CNF concentration of 100 mg/L, suggesting that the ecological effect of TEMPO-CNFs on algae was relatively low. The results of this study will be valuable for conducting ecotoxicity assessments on additional CNFs and comparable nanomaterials in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Tai
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Isamu Ogura
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okazaki
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoko Iizumi
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
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10
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Sonyeam J, Chaipanya R, Suksomboon S, Khan MJ, Amatariyakul K, Wibowo A, Posoknistakul P, Charnnok B, Liu CG, Laosiripojana N, Sakdaronnarong C. Process design for acidic and alcohol based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and high pressure homogenization of palm bunches for nanocellulose production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7550. [PMID: 38555319 PMCID: PMC10981746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study on nanocellulose production from palm bunch using process design and cost analysis. Choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment was selected for high-purity cellulose separation at mild condition, followed by nano-fibrillation using mechanical treatment. Three types of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents employing different hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) namely lactic acid, 1,3-butanediol and oxalic acid were studied. The optimal cellulose extraction condition was choline chloride/lactic acid (ChLa80C) pretreatment of palm empty bunch at 80 °C followed by bleaching yielding 94.96%w/w cellulose content in product. Size reduction using ultrasonication and high-pressure homogenization produced nanocellulose at 67.12%w/w based on cellulose in raw material. Different morphologies of nanocellulose were tunable in the forms of nanocrystals, nano-rods and nanofibers by using dissimilar deep eutectic solvents. This work offered a sustainable and environmentally friendly process as well as provided analysis of DES pretreatment and overview operating cost for nanocellulose production. Application of nanocellulose for the fabrication of highly functional and biodegradable material for nanomedicine, electronic, optical, and micromechanical devices is achievable in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janejira Sonyeam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ratanaporn Chaipanya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Suksomboon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Amatariyakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Agung Wibowo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Posoknistakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Boonya Charnnok
- Department of Specialized Engineering, Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Chen Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mot, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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11
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Hassan RE, Saleh EM, Hamdy GM. Aloe vera gel relieves cadmium triggered hepatic injury via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic routes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04141-4. [PMID: 38467965 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Aloe vera (AV) gel extracted from fresh AV leaves was chosen in this study to evaluate its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities against cadmium (Cd) -induced liver injury. Forty Wistar male adult rats were equally divided into four groups. Group I (standard control) ingested with 2.5 ml/kg b.w. of physiological saline. Group II (Cd-intoxicated) received 3 mg/kg b.w./day of CdCl2 dissolved in saline. Group III (AV) received 200 mg/kg b.w./day of AV gel dissolved in saline. Group IV (Cd+AV) ingested with 200 mg/kg b.w./day of AV gel solution along with 3 mg/kg b.w. CdCl2. All groups were ingested orally by gavage for 3 consecutive weeks. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and HSP70 were measured in serum. The deposited Cd level, nitric oxide content, lipid peroxidation, collagen-1 (COL-1), and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels were all determined in liver tissue homogenates. Gene expression of NF-κB and IL-6, Bax, and Bcl2, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis of activated caspase-3, was performed. Results showed that ingestion of AV gel greatly relieved all oxidative stress due to Cd exposure, modulated the NF-κB, IL-6, Bax, and Bcl2 expression levels, and improved the apoptotic state. In conclusion, AV gel confirmed its potential ameliorating effect against liver injury induced due to Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha E Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Eman M Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Germine M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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12
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Zhang Z, Kong Y, Gao J, Han X, Lian Z, Liu J, Wang WJ, Yang X. Engineering strong man-made cellulosic fibers: a review of the wet spinning process based on cellulose nanofibrils. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38465763 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
With the goal of sustainable development, manufacturing continuous high-performance fibers based on sustainable resources is an emerging research direction. However, compared to traditional synthetic fibers, plant fibers have limited length/diameter and uncontrollable natural defects, while regenerated cellulose fibers such as viscose and Lyocell suffer from inferior mechanical properties. Wet-spun fibers based on nanocelluloses especially cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) offer superior mechanical performance since CNFs are the fundamental high-performance building blocks of plant cell walls. This review aims to summarize the progress of making CNF wet-spun fibers, emphasizing on the whole wet spinning process including spinning suspension preparation, spinning, coagulation, washing, drying and post-stretching steps. By establishing the relationships between the nano-scale assembling structure and the macroscopic changes in the CNF dope from gels to dried fibers, effective methods and strategies to improve the mechanical properties of the final fibers are analyzed and proposed. Based on this, the opportunities and challenges for potential industrial-scale production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Zechun Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
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13
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Guo M, Ede JD, Sayes CM, Shatkin JA, Stark N, Hsieh YL. Regioselectively Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofibril Models from Dissolving Pulp: C6 via TEMPO Oxidation and C2,C3 via Periodate-Chlorite Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:479. [PMID: 38470807 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective C6 and C2,C3 carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been robustly generated from dissolving pulp, a readily available source of unmodified cellulose, via stoichiometrically optimized 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated and sequential sodium periodate-sodium chlorite (PC) oxidation coupled with high-speed blending. Both regioselectively optimized carboxylated CNF series possess the widest ranges of comparable charges (0.72-1.48 mmol/g for T-CNFs vs. 0.72-1.10 mmol/g for PC-CNFs), but similar ranges of thickness (1.3-2.4 nm for T-CNF, 1.8-2.7 nm PC-CNF), widths (4.6-6.6 nm T-CNF, 5.5-5.9 nm PC-CNF), and lengths (254-481 nm T-CNF, 247-442 nm PC-CNF). TEMPO-mediated oxidation is milder and one-pot, thus more time and process efficient, whereas the sequential periodate-chlorite oxidation produces C2,C3 dialdehyde intermediates that are amenable to further chemical functionalization or post-reactions. These two well-characterized regioselectively carboxylated CNF series represent coherent cellulose nanomaterial models from a single woody source and have served as references for their safety study toward the development of a safer-by-design substance evaluation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - James D Ede
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, P.O. Box 51368, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Stark
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Tang Z, Lin X, Yu M, Mondal AK, Wu H. Recent advances in TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers: Oxidation mechanism, characterization, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129081. [PMID: 38161007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose is the richest renewable polymer source on the earth. TEMPO-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibers are deduced from enormously available wood biomass and functionalized with carboxyl groups. The preparation procedure of TOCNFs is more environmentally friendly compared to other cellulose, for example, MFC and CNCs. Due to the presence of functional carboxyl groups, TOCNF-based materials have been studied widely in different fields, including biomedicine, wastewater treatment, bioelectronics and others. In this review, the TEMPO oxidation mechanism, the properties and applications of TOCNFs are elaborated. Most importantly, the recent advanced applications and the beneficial role of TOCNFs in the various abovementioned fields are discussed. Furthermore, the performances and research progress on the fabrication of TOCNFs are summarized. It is expected that this timely review will help further research on the invention of novel material from TOCNFs and its applications in different advanced fields, including biomedicine, bioelectronics, wastewater treatment, and the energy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwu Tang
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Xinxing Lin
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Meiqiong Yu
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China; College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
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15
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Sarangi PK, Srivastava RK, Sahoo UK, Singh AK, Parikh J, Bansod S, Parsai G, Luqman M, Shadangi KP, Diwan D, Lanterbecq D, Sharma M. Biotechnological innovations in nanocellulose production from waste biomass with a focus on pineapple waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140833. [PMID: 38043620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
New materials' synthesis and utilization have shown many critical challenges in healthcare and other industrial sectors as most of these materials are directly or indirectly developed from fossil fuel resources. Environmental regulations and sustainability concepts have promoted the use of natural compounds with unique structures and properties that can be biodegradable, biocompatible, and eco-friendly. In this context, nanocellulose (NC) utility in different sectors and industries is reported due to their unique properties including biocompatibility and antimicrobial characteristics. The bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)-based materials have been synthesized by bacterial cells and extracted from plant waste materials including pineapple plant waste biomass. These materials have been utilized in the form of nanofibers and nanocrystals. These materials are found to have excellent surface properties, low density, and good transparency, and are rich in hydroxyl groups for their modifications to other useful products. These materials are well utilized in different sectors including biomedical or health care centres, nanocomposite materials, supercapacitors, and polymer matrix production. This review explores different approaches for NC production from pineapple waste residues using biotechnological interventions, approaches for their modification, and wider applications in different sectors. Recent technological developments in NC production by enzymatic treatment are critically discussed. The utilization of pineapple waste-derived NC from a bioeconomic perspective is summarized in the paper. The chemical composition and properties of nanocellulose extracted from pineapple waste may have unique characteristics compared to other sources. Pineapple waste for nanocellulose production aligns with the principles of sustainability, waste reduction, and innovation, making it a promising and novel approach in the field of nanocellulose materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar Sarangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GIT, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | | | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401, India
| | - Jigisha Parikh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Shama Bansod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Ganesh Parsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohammad Luqman
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taibah University, Yanbu Al-Bahr-83, Al-Bandar District 41911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Krushna Prasad Shadangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, 768018, India
| | - Deepti Diwan
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Lanterbecq
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biologie Appliquée, CARAH ASBL, Rue Paul Pastur, 11, Ath, 7800, Belgium
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biologie Appliquée, CARAH ASBL, Rue Paul Pastur, 11, Ath, 7800, Belgium.
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16
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Luo Q, Liu Y, Zhou G, Xu X. A new strategy to improve the dielectric properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs): Surface modification of small molecules. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121451. [PMID: 37985073 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose finds various applications in advanced electrical devices due to its impressive mechanical properties, thermal stability, and degradability. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with excellent dielectric properties may act as a fresh dielectric plastic. In this study, a new strategy of small molecule modification was used to improve the dielectric constant, breakdown strength, and band gap of the CNCs. The dipole moments, dipole density, and the anisotropic impact of surface groups on the dielectric constant were studied. The number of sulfates in the CNCs showed a gradient due to alkali treatment and sulfonation, which allowed for a controlled range of the dielectric constant of nanocellulose between 4.9 and 11.9. TEMPO oxidation (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) and cyanoethylation of the CNCs further increased the dielectric constant to 11.1 and 13.2, respectively, and the dielectric loss 10-1. By understanding and innovating organic polymer dielectrics, we can provide significant benefits to the electronics and device industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Research Institute, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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17
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Zidanes UL, das Chagas CM, Lorenço MS, da Silva Araujo E, Dias MC, Setter C, Braz RL, Mori FA. Utilization of rice production residues as a reinforcing agent in bioadhesives based on polyphenols extracted from the bark of trees from the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127813. [PMID: 37935293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of nonrenewable resources and the increase in environmental pollution have intensified the search for materials that exhibit specific characteristics and are nontoxic, renewable, and sustainable. Thus, the objective of this work was to produce natural polyphenol adhesives reinforced with rice husk and its ash to increase the mechanical resistance and moisture resistance of the glue line in wood bonded joints. Polyphenols were extracted from the bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (barbatimão). Adhesives were produced with a 50 % solid and 50 % liquid composition. Rice husk and husk ash underwent X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Adhesives and reinforcement material were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The adhesives were glued in a mechanical press in specimens made of Pinus elliottii, which were subjected to shear testing of the wet and dry glue line. As a result, the chemical components present in rice husk and its ash positively influenced the properties of the adhesives. The mechanical glue line shear test showed that the adhesive reinforced with rice husk ash did not show a statistically significant difference. However, natural adhesives based on polyphenols from barbatimão strengthened with rice husk and ash showed improved properties, demonstrating how much it pays to use the residue of rice production to reinforce the matrix of tannin adhesives. Thus, it can be determined that reinforcement with rice husk and ash is efficient in improving some properties of natural adhesives based on polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uasmim Lira Zidanes
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Camila Maria das Chagas
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Lorenço
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Cordazzo Dias
- Department of Forest Engineering, State University of Amapá, AP. Av. Pres. Vargas, 650- Central, Macapá, AP 68900-070, Brazil
| | - Carine Setter
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Leite Braz
- Department of Forest Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, C.P. 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio Akira Mori
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P.3037, 37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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18
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Wang M, Miao X, Hou C, Xu K, Ke Z, Dai F, Liu M, Li H, Chen C. Devisable pore structures and tunable thermal management properties of aerogels composed of carbon nanotubes and cellulose nanofibers with various aspect ratios. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121437. [PMID: 37940302 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropic cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogels hold a great promise in directional applications due to their distinct xylem-like aligned penetrating pore structures. The aspect ratio of CNF plays a crucial role in the pore structures of aerogels, directly dominating the final macroscopic properties of materials. Herein, three types of CNF with different aspect ratios were extracted through the 2,2,6,6-tetrmethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation process by changing the doses of oxidant. The corresponding anisotropic CNF/CNT aerogels were prepared by the unidirectional freeze-drying method and then their pore morphologies and properties were investigated in detail. The resulting aerogel with the shortest aspect ratio of CNF exhibited the densest porous structure, thereby obtaining the highest compressive strength of 110 kPa and elastic modulus of 383 kPa, while that containing the longest CNF possessed the highest thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.17 W m-1 K-1 and the worst thermal insulation. This research explored the relationship between the properties of the CNF/CNT aerogels and devisable pore structures caused by various aspect ratios of CNF, thus providing a new insight into the development of CNF/CNT aerogels with tunable performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaran Miao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Chen Hou
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhao Ke
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fengna Dai
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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19
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Barrulas RV, Corvo MC. Rheology in Product Development: An Insight into 3D Printing of Hydrogels and Aerogels. Gels 2023; 9:986. [PMID: 38131974 PMCID: PMC10742728 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheological characterisation plays a crucial role in developing and optimising advanced materials in the form of hydrogels and aerogels, especially if 3D printing technologies are involved. Applications ranging from tissue engineering to environmental remediation require the fine-tuning of such properties. Nonetheless, their complex rheological behaviour presents unique challenges in additive manufacturing. This review outlines the vital rheological parameters that influence the printability of hydrogel and aerogel inks, emphasising the importance of viscosity, yield stress, and viscoelasticity. Furthermore, the article discusses the latest developments in rheological modifiers and printing techniques that enable precise control over material deposition and resolution in 3D printing. By understanding and manipulating the rheological properties of these materials, researchers can explore new possibilities for applications such as biomedicine or nanotechnology. An optimal 3D printing ink requires strong shear-thinning behaviour for smooth extrusion, forming continuous filaments. Favourable thixotropic properties aid viscosity recovery post-printing, and adequate yield stress and G' are crucial for structural integrity, preventing deformation or collapse in printed objects, and ensuring high-fidelity preservation of shapes. This insight into rheology provides tools for the future of material design and manufacturing in the rapidly evolving field of 3D printing of hydrogels and aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta C. Corvo
- i3N|Cenimat, Department of Materials Science (DCM), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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20
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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21
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Pirozzi A, Rincón E, Espinosa E, Donsì F, Serrano L. Nanostructured Cellulose-Based Aerogels: Influence of Chemical/Mechanical Cascade Processes on Quality Index for Benchmarking Dye Pollutant Adsorbents in Wastewater Treatment. Gels 2023; 9:958. [PMID: 38131944 PMCID: PMC10742814 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nanostructured cellulose has emerged as an efficient bio-adsorbent aerogel material, offering biocompatibility and renewable sourcing advantages. This study focuses on isolating (ligno)cellulose nanofibers ((L)CNFs) from barley straw and producing aerogels to develop sustainable and highly efficient decontamination systems. (2) Methods: (Ligno)cellulose pulp has been isolated from barley straw through a pulping process, and was subsequently deconstructed into nanofibers employing various pre-treatment methods (TEMPO-mediated oxidation process or PFI beater mechanical treatment) followed by the high-pressure homogenization (HPH) process. (3) Results: The aerogels made by (L)CNFs, with a higher crystallinity degree, larger aspect ratio, lower shrinkage rate, and higher Young's modulus than cellulose aerogels, successfully adsorb and remove organic dye pollutants from wastewater. (L)CNF-based aerogels, with a quality index (determined using four characterization parameters) above 70%, exhibited outstanding contaminant removal capacity over 80%. The high specific surface area of nanocellulose isolated using the TEMPO oxidation process significantly enhanced the affinity and interactions between hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of nanofibers and cationic groups of contaminants. The efficacy in adsorbing cationic dyes in wastewater onto the aerogels was verified by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. (4) Conclusions: This study offers insights into designing and applying advanced (L)CNF-based aerogels as efficient wastewater decontamination and environmental remediation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Pirozzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Esther Rincón
- BioPrEn Group (RNM 940), Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.); (E.E.)
| | - Eduardo Espinosa
- BioPrEn Group (RNM 940), Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.); (E.E.)
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Luis Serrano
- BioPrEn Group (RNM 940), Chemical Engineering Department, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.R.); (E.E.)
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22
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Bomberg M, Miettinen H. Anionic nanocellulose as competing agent in microbial DNA extraction from mine process samples. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 215:106850. [PMID: 37907119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms in flotation and minerals processing may significantly affect the grade and yield of metal concentrates. However, studying the phenomena requires working techniques to detach microorganisms and their DNA from mineral particles to which they strongly adhere. We developed a new method utilizing the competitive properties of anionic nanocellulose to block sorption of DNA to and detach microbial cells from mineral particles from ore processing. In general, up to one ng DNA mL-1 sample was obtained with the custom anionic nanocellulose method (CM) compared to DNA amounts below the Qubit assay's detection limit for extractions with a commercial kit (KIT). Similarly, 0.5-4 orders of magnitude more bacterial 16S and fungal 5.8S rRNA gene copies were detected by qPCR from CM treated samples compared to KIT extractions. A clear difference in the detected microbial community structure between CM and KIT extracted samples was also observed. Commercial kits optimized for mineral soils are easy to use and time efficient but may miss a considerable part of the microbial communities. A competing agent such as anionic nanocellulose may decrease the interaction between microorganisms or their DNA and minerals and provide a comprehensive view into the microbial communities in mineral processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bomberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - Hanna Miettinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland
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23
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Horie M, Fujita K, Endoh S, Sugino S, Maru J, Moriyama A, Ogura I. Contaminant microorganisms in the in vitro evaluation of cellular responses of cellulose nanofibers and their microbial inactivation using gamma irradiation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:741-754. [PMID: 37496379 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2238061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are fibrous nanomaterials produced from plants. Since some nanomaterials are toxic, toxicity evaluation, including in vitro examinations using cultured cells, is essential for the effective use of CNFs. On the other hand, microorganisms in the environment can contaminate CNF suspensions. The contamination of CNF samples and the effects of contaminating microorganisms on in vitro examinations were investigated in this study. Microorganism contamination in CNF samples was examined, and microbial inactivation of CNF suspensions using gamma irradiation was evaluated. After gamma-ray irradiation at absorbed doses of 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 kGy, the cellular effects of CNF suspensions were examined using 6 types of cultured cell, HaCaT, A549, Caco-2, MeT-5A, THP-1, and NR8383 cells. CNF samples were contaminated with bacteria and CNF suspensions exhibited endotoxin activity. Gamma irradiation effectively inactivated the microorganisms contained in the CNF suspensions. When the absorbed dose was 10 kGy, the fiber length of CNF was shortened, but the effect on CNF was small at 1.0 kGy or less. CNF suspensions showed lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-like cellular responses and strongly induced interleukin-8, especially in macrophages. Absorbed doses of at least 10 kGy did not affect the LPS-like activity. In this study, it was shown that the CNF suspension may be contaminated with microorganisms. Gamma irradiation was effective for microbial inactivation of suspension for invitor toxicity evaluation of CNF. In vitro evaluation of CNFs requires attention to the effects of contaminants such as LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Endoh
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sugino
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Junko Maru
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Moriyama
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isamu Ogura
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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24
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Virkkala T, Kosourov S, Rissanen V, Siitonen V, Arola S, Allahverdiyeva Y, Tammelin T. Bioinspired mechanically stable all-polysaccharide based scaffold for photosynthetic production. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8788-8803. [PMID: 37668222 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the construction of water-stable, biocompatible and self-standing hydrogels as scaffolds for the photosynthetic production of ethylene using a bioinspired all-polysaccharidic design combining TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) and a cereal plant hemicellulose called mixed-linkage glucan (MLG). We compared three different molecular weight MLGs from barley to increase the wet strength of TCNF hydrogels, and to reveal the mechanisms defining the favourable interactions between the scaffold components. The interactions between MLGs and TCNF were revealed via adsorption studies and interfacial rheology investigations using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Our results show that both the MLG solution stability and adsorption behaviour did not exactly follow the well-known polymer adsorption and solubility theories especially in the presence of co-solute ions, in this case nitrates. We prepared hydrogel scaffolds for microalgal immobilisation, and high wet strength hydrogels were achieved with very low dosages of MLG (0.05 wt%) to the TCNF matrix. The all-polysaccharic biocatalytic architectures remained stable and produced ethylene for 120 h with yields comparable to the state-of-the-art scaffolds. Due to its natural origin and biodegradability, MLG offers a clear advantage in comparison to synthetic scaffold components, allowing the mechanical properties and water interactions to be tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Virkkala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Ville Rissanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Suvi Arola
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
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25
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Zhang X, Kitin P, Agarwal UP, Gleisner R, Zhu JY. Characterizing lignin-containing microfibrillated cellulose based on water interactions, fibril properties, and imaging. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:120996. [PMID: 37321718 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Morphological characterization of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is critically important to process control in production and product specification for trade and product development yet is extremely difficult. This study evaluated several indirect methods for relative comparison of the morphology of lignin-free and lignin-containing ((L)MFCs). The (L)MFCs studied were produced using a commercial grinder through different passes from a dry lap bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp, a virgin mixed (maple and birch) unbleached kraft hardwood pulp, and two virgin-unbleached kraft softwood (loblolly pine) pulps with one bleachable grade (low lignin content) and one liner grade (high lignin content). The (L)MFCs were indirectly characterized using techniques based on water interactions, i.e., water retention value (WRV) and fibril suspension stability, as well as fibril properties, i.e., cellulose crystallinity and fine content. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were also applied to directly visualize the (L)MFCs to provide some objective measure of the morphology of the (L)MFCs. The results indicate that most measures such as WRV, cellulose crystallinity, fine content cannot be used to compare (L)MFCs from different pulp fibers. Measures based on water interactions such as (L)MFC WRV and suspension stability appeared can provide some degree of indirect assessment. This study provided the utilities and limits of these indirect methods for relative comparison of the morphologies of (L)MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison 53726, USA
| | - Peter Kitin
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison 53726, USA
| | | | | | - J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison 53726, USA.
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26
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Yagyu H, Kasuga T, Ogata N, Koga H, Daicho K, Goi Y, Nogi M. Evaporative Dry Powders Derived from Cellulose Nanofiber Organogels to Fully Recover Inherent High Viscosity and High Transparency of Water Dispersion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300186. [PMID: 37265024 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water containing low amounts of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is widely used as a thickening agent owing to its three unique properties: high transparency, viscosity, and controllable viscosity based on the shear rate. CNF dry powders are used to reduce the transportation and storage costs or expand applications as a thickening agent. Herein, the preparation of CNF dry powders that can be used to obtain redispersions while maintaining the aforementioned properties is reported. In this regard, the dehydration and vaporization procedures for a CNF water dispersion without using additives are discussed. When dry powders are prepared by removing water by boiling, their redispersions do not exhibit all their unique properties because of dense aggregations. However, when their redispersions are vigorously stirred to break the dense aggregations, they become transparent, although they do not recover their initial viscosity. Freeze-dried powders recover all their initial properties after redispersion. Nevertheless, their large volume does not reduce the transportation and storage costs. When the liquid is evaporated from the solvent-exchanged CNF organogels, their redispersions also fully recover all their properties. Furthermore, the evaporative dry powders with dense small volumes and good handling contribute to reducing the transportation and storage costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Yagyu
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kasuga
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Nodoka Ogata
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuho Daicho
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Goi
- R&D Headquarters DKS Co. Ltd., 5 Ogawara-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto, 601-8391, Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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27
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Guo M, Hsieh YL. Tunable poly(lauryl methacrylate) surface grafting via SI-ATRP on a one-pot synthesized cellulose nanofibril macroinitiator core as a shear-thinning rheology modifier and drag reducer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26089-26101. [PMID: 37664202 PMCID: PMC10472512 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimally one-pot synthesized 2-bromoproponyl esterified cellulose nanofibril (Br-CNF) has been validated as a robust macroinitiator for self-surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of lauryl methacrylate (LMA) in tunable graft lengths and high conversions of up to 92.7%. SI-ATRP of LMA surface brushes on Br-CNF followed first order kinetics in lengths at up to 46 degree of polymerization (DP) based on mass balance or 31 DP by solution-state 1H NMR in DMSO-d6. With increasing PLMA graft lengths, Br-CNF-g-PLMA cast films exhibited increasing hydrophobicity with water contact angles from 80.9° to 110.6°. The novel Br-CNF-g-PLMA exhibited dual shear thinning behavior of the Br-CNF core as evident by n < 1 flow behavior index and drag reducing properties of PLMA grafts with increased viscosity at up to 21 071×. Br-CNF-g-PLMA with 46 DP could be fully dispersed in silicon pump oil to function as a drag reducer to enhance viscosity up to 5× at 25, 40, and 55 °C. The novel macroinitiator capability of Br-CNF in SI-ATRP of vinyl monomers and the bottlebrush-like LMA surface grafted Br-CNF as highly effective viscosity modifier and drag reducer further demonstrate the versatile functionality of Br-CNF beyond hydrophobic coatings and reactive polyols previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA +1 530 752 084
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA +1 530 752 084
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA
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28
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Levä T, Rissanen V, Nikkanen L, Siitonen V, Heilala M, Phiri J, Maloney TC, Kosourov S, Allahverdiyeva Y, Mäkelä M, Tammelin T. Mapping Nanocellulose- and Alginate-Based Photosynthetic Cell Factory Scaffolds: Interlinking Porosity, Wet Strength, and Gas Exchange. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3484-3497. [PMID: 37384553 PMCID: PMC10428157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
To develop efficient solid-state photosynthetic cell factories for sustainable chemical production, we present an interdisciplinary experimental toolbox to investigate and interlink the structure, operative stability, and gas transfer properties of alginate- and nanocellulose-based hydrogel matrices with entrapped wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803 cyanobacteria. We created a rheological map based on the mechanical performance of the hydrogel matrices. The results highlighted the importance of Ca2+-cross-linking and showed that nanocellulose matrices possess higher yield properties, and alginate matrices possess higher rest properties. We observed higher porosity for nanocellulose-based matrices in a water-swollen state via calorimetric thermoporosimetry and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Finally, by pioneering a gas flux analysis via membrane-inlet mass spectrometry for entrapped cells, we observed that the porosity and rigidity of the matrices are connected to their gas exchange rates over time. Overall, these findings link the dynamic properties of the life-sustaining matrix to the performance of the immobilized cells in tailored solid-state photosynthetic cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Levä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Rissanen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Heilala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Josphat Phiri
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Thaddeus C. Maloney
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Mäkelä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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29
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Fujisawa S, Daicho K, Yurtsever A, Fukuma T, Saito T. Morphological Changes of Polymer-Grafted Nanocellulose during a Drying Process. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3908-3916. [PMID: 37499269 PMCID: PMC10428159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is emerging as a sustainable building block in materials science. Surface modification via polymer grafting has proven to be effective in tuning diverse material properties of nanocellulose, including wettability of films and the reinforcement effect in polymer matrices. Despite its widespread use in various environments, the structure of a single polymer-grafted nanocellulose remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the morphologies of polymer-grafted CNFs at water-mica and air-mica interfaces by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation and atomic force microscopy. We show that the morphologies of the polymer-grafted CNFs undergo a marked change in response to the surrounding environment due to variations in the conformation of the surface polymer chains. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular structure of polymer-grafted CNFs and can facilitate the design and development of innovative biomass-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Fujisawa
- Department
of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuho Daicho
- Department
of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ayhan Yurtsever
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department
of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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30
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Niu P, Mao H, Lim KH, Wang Q, Wang WJ, Yang X. Nanocellulose-Based Hollow Fibers for Advanced Water and Moisture Management. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14686-14694. [PMID: 37459214 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant fibers such as cotton have favorable performance in water and moisture management; however, they suffer from inferior processing ability due to limited diameter and length, as well as natural defects. Although commercially available regenerated cellulose fibers such as lyocell fibers can have tunable structures, they rely on the complete dissolution of cellulose molecules, including the highly crystalline parts, leading to inferior mechanical properties. Through a specially designed coaxial wet-spinning process, we prepare a type of hollow fiber using only cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as building blocks. It mimics cotton fibers with a lumen structure but with a tunable diameter and a long length. Moreover, such hollow fibers have superior mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of 24.7 GPa and tensile strength of 341 MPa, surpassing lyocell fibers and most wet-spun CNF-based fibers. Importantly, they have 10 times higher wicking ability, wetting rate, drying rate, and maximum wetting ratio compared to lyocell fibers. Together with a superior long-term performance after 500 rounds of wetting-drying tests, such CNF-based hollow fibers are sustainable choices for advanced textile applications. And this study provides a greater understanding of nanoscale building blocks and their assembled macromaterials, which may help to reveal the magic hierarchical design of natural materials, in this case, plant fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Khak Ho Lim
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyue Wang
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou 324000, People's Republic of China
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31
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Kim JC, Kim J, Cho YM, Cho SM, Hwang SW, Kwak HW, Yeo H, Choi IG. Fabrication of transparent cellulose nanofibril composite film with smooth surface and ultraviolet blocking ability using hydrophilic lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125545. [PMID: 37355075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Ecofriendly multifunctional films with only biomass-based components have gathered significant interest from researchers as next-generation materials. Following this trend, a TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF) film containing hydrophilic lignin (CL) was fabricated. To produce the lignin, peracetic acid oxidation was carried out, leading to the introduction of carboxyl groups into the lignin structure. By adding hydrophilic lignin, various characteristics (e.g., surface smoothness, UV protection, antimicrobial activity, and barrier properties) of the TOCNF film were enhanced. In particular, the shrinkage of CNF was successfully prevented by the addition of CL, which is attributed to the lower surface roughness (Ra) from 18.93 nm to 4.99 nm. As a result, the smooth surface of the TOCNF/CL film was shown compared to neat TOCNF film and TOCNF/Kraft lignin composite film. In addition, the TOCNF/CL film showed a superior UV blocking ability of 99.9 % with high transparency of 78.4 %, which is higher than that of CNF-lignin composite films in other research. Also, water vapor transmission rate was reduced after adding CL to TOCNF film. Consequently, the developed TOCNF/CL film can be potentially utilized in various applications, such as food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Cho
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Cho
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sung-Wook Hwang
- Human Resources Development Center for Big Data-based Glocal Forest Science 4.0 Professionals, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanmyeong Yeo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Sofiah AGN, Pasupuleti J, Samykano M, Kadirgama K, Koh SP, Tiong SK, Pandey AK, Yaw CT, Natarajan SK. Harnessing Nature's Ingenuity: A Comprehensive Exploration of Nanocellulose from Production to Cutting-Edge Applications in Engineering and Sciences. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3044. [PMID: 37514434 PMCID: PMC10385464 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary material supply is the heart of engineering and sciences. The depletion of natural resources and an increase in the human population by a billion in 13 to 15 years pose a critical concern regarding the sustainability of these materials; therefore, functionalizing renewable materials, such as nanocellulose, by possibly exploiting their properties for various practical applications, has been undertaken worldwide. Nanocellulose has emerged as a dominant green natural material with attractive and tailorable physicochemical properties, is renewable and sustainable, and shows biocompatibility and tunable surface properties. Nanocellulose is derived from cellulose, the most abundant polymer in nature with the remarkable properties of nanomaterials. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the methods used for nanocellulose preparation, structure-property and structure-property correlations, and the application of nanocellulose and its nanocomposite materials. This article differentiates the classification of nanocellulose, provides a brief account of the production methods that have been developed for isolating nanocellulose, highlights a range of unique properties of nanocellulose that have been extracted from different kinds of experiments and studies, and elaborates on nanocellulose potential applications in various areas. The present review is anticipated to provide the readers with the progress and knowledge related to nanocellulose. Pushing the boundaries of nanocellulose further into cutting-edge applications will be of particular interest in the future, especially as cost-effective commercial sources of nanocellulose continue to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadeesh Pasupuleti
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Samykano
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Kumaran Kadirgama
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siaw Paw Koh
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kieh Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adarsh Kumar Pandey
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Transdiciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Chong Tak Yaw
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sendhil Kumar Natarajan
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, University of Puducherry, Karaikal 609609, India
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33
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Huang Y, Kasuga T, Nogi M, Koga H. Clearly transparent and air-permeable nanopaper with porous structures consisting of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21494-21501. [PMID: 37465580 PMCID: PMC10351216 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03840h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Optically transparent materials that are air permeable have potentially numerous applications, including in wearable devices. From the perspective of sustainable development, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers with widths of 3-4 nm have attracted considerable attention as starting materials for the preparation of clearly transparent nanofiber paper (denoted as conventional nanopaper). However, conventional nanopaper that is prepared from a water dispersion of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers by direct drying exhibits poor air permeability owing to its densely packed layered structure. In this study, we prepared a clearly transparent and air-permeable nanopaper by applying filtration-based solvent exchange from high-surface-tension water to low-surface-tension ethanol and hexane, followed by drying under continuous vacuum filtration. The resulting hexane-exchanged nanopaper had a porous structure with individually dispersed and thin nanofiber networks and interlayer pore spaces. Owing to the tailored porous structures, the hexane-exchanged nanopaper provides similar clear transparency (total light transmittance and haze at 600 nm: 92.9% and 7.22%, respectively) and 106 times higher air permeability (7.8 × 106 mL μm m-2 day-1 kPa-1) compared to the conventional nanopaper. This study will facilitate the development of clearly transparent and air-permeable nanopapers to extend their functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yintong Huang
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
| | - Takaaki Kasuga
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
| | - Masaya Nogi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
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34
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Kim Y, Kim YT, Wang X, Min B, Park SI. TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibril Films Incorporating Graphene Oxide Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2646. [PMID: 37376292 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To design a new system of novel TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs)/graphene oxide (GO) composite, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation was utilized. For the better dispersion of GO into the matrix of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), a unique process combining high-intensity homogenization and ultrasonication was adopted with varying degrees of oxidation and GO percent loadings (0.4 to 2.0 wt%). Despite the presence of carboxylate groups and GO, the X-ray diffraction test showed that the crystallinity of the bio-nanocomposite was not altered. In contrast, scanning electron microscopy showed a significant morphological difference in their layers. The thermal stability of the TOCN/GO composite shifted to a lower temperature upon oxidation, and dynamic mechanical analysis signified strong intermolecular interactions with the improvement in Young's storage modulus and tensile strength. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to observe the hydrogen bonds between GO and the cellulosic polymer matrix. The oxygen permeability of the TOCN/GO composite decreased, while the water vapor permeability was not significantly affected by the reinforcement with GO. Still, oxidation enhanced the barrier properties. Ultimately, the newly fabricated TOCN/GO composite through high-intensity homogenization and ultrasonification can be utilized in a wide range of life science applications, such as the biomaterial, food, packaging, and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Kim
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Young-Teck Kim
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Byungjin Min
- Department of Chemistry, College of Agriculture Environment & Nutrition Science, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Su-Il Park
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
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35
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Wang Y, Liu H, Ji X, Wang Q, Tian Z, Fatehi P. Production of nanocellulose using acidic deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and carboxylic acids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125227. [PMID: 37290548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanocellulose production processes with numerous merits of green, eco-friendly, and cost-effective are in urgent need. Acidic deep eutectic solvent (ADES), as an emerging green solvent, has been widely applied in the preparation of nanocellulose over the past few years, owing to its unique advantages, including non-toxicity, low cost, easy synthesis, recyclability, and biodegradability. At present, several studies have explored the effectiveness of ADESs in nanocellulose production, particularly those based on choline chloride (ChCl) and carboxylic acids. Various acidic deep eutectic solvents have been employed, with representative ones such as ChCl-oxalic/lactic/formic/acetic/citric/maleic/levulinic/tartaric acid. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the latest progress of these ADESs, focusing on the treatment procedures and key superiorities. In addition, the challenges and outlooks of ChCl/carboxylic acids-based DESs implementation in the fabrication of nanocellulose were discussed. Finally, some suggestions were proposed to advance the industrialization of nanocellulose, which would help for the roadmap of sustainable and large-scale production of nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Zhongjian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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36
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Li J, Alamdari NE, Aksoy B, Parit M, Jiang Z. Integrated enzyme hydrolysis assisted cellulose nanofibril (CNF) fabrication: A sustainable approach to paper mill sludge (PMS) management. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:138966. [PMID: 37220796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The landfilling of paper mill sludge (PMS) has been restricted or even banned in many countries due to the raised concern about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contamination of the soil and water, calling for a sustainable PMS management approach. The potential valorization of PMS to nanomaterials combined with traditional biorefinery was examined in this work. Three types of PMS-derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared and evaluated: enzymatically assisted CNF (AU: with in-house produced enzyme and CT: with commercial enzyme), mechanically pretreated CNF (BT), and chemically pretreated CNF by TEMPO oxidation (TEMPO). It was found that enzyme-assisted mechanical fibrillation-derived CNFs had a comparable average diameter (27.9 nm for AU and 22.7 nm for CT) with that produced from mechanical pretreatment (26.5 nm for BT) and TEMPO oxidation pretreatment (20.0 nm for TEMPO), and they showed the best drainage properties among the three types of CNF. The CNFs resulting from enzymatic pretreatment reduced 15% of energy consumption compared to the mechanical method and had better thermostability than TEMPO oxidation method. In addition, the on-site produced enzyme showed similar performance to the commercial enzymes towards the CNF properties. These findings provide new insights into a promising integrated strategy in engineering CNF from PMS with on-site enzyme production as a novel and sustainable approach for PMS management and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Navid E Alamdari
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Burak Aksoy
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Mahesh Parit
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States.
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Lu X, Jiao H, Shi Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Fu Y, Guo J, Wang Q, Liu X, Zhou M, Ullah MW, Sun J, Liu J. Fabrication of bio-inspired anisotropic structures from biopolymers for biomedical applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120669. [PMID: 36813347 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropic features play indispensable roles in regulating various life activities in different organisms. Increasing efforts have been made to learn and mimic various tissues' intrinsic anisotropic structure or functionality for broad applications in different areas, especially in biomedicine and pharmacy. This paper discusses the strategies for fabricating biomaterials using biopolymers for biomedical applications with the case study analysis. Biopolymers, including different polysaccharides, proteins, and their derivates, that have been confirmed with sound biocompatibility for different biomedical applications are summarized, with a special focus on nanocellulose. Advanced analytical techniques for understanding and characterizing the biopolymer-based anisotropic structures for various biomedical applications are also summarized. Challenges still exist in precisely constructing biopolymers-based biomaterials with anisotropic structures from molecular to macroscopic levels and fitting the dynamic processes in native tissue. It is foreseeable that with the advancement of biopolymers' molecular functionalization, biopolymer building block orientation manipulation strategies, and structural characterization techniques, developing anisotropic biopolymer-based biomaterials for different biomedical applications would significantly contribute to a friendly disease-curing and healthcare experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechu Lu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yifei Shi
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinyi Fu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Institute of Medicine & Chemical Engineering, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang 212028, China
| | - Mengbo Zhou
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
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38
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Kurtuluş OÇ, Ondaral S, Emin N, Aşikuzun E. Different amount of carboxyl-aldehyde fractionated nanofibril cellulose and main characteristics of chitosan, gelatin, alginate added composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124824. [PMID: 37178884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research, two different types of nanofibrillated celluloses (NFCs) having different amounts of aldehyde and carboxyl groups were mixed with chitosan (CH), gelatin (GL), and alginate (AL) with different mixing ratios to produce biocomposite aerogels. There was no related study in the literature about producing aerogels with the addition of NC and mentioning biopolymers in addition to the effect of carboxyl and aldehyde fraction of the main matrix NC on composite properties. For this purpose, the main aim of this study was to investigate how carboxyl and aldehyde groups affect the basic characteristics of NFC-biopolymer based materials addition to efficiency of biopolymer amount in main matrix. Even after preparing homogenous NC-biopolymer compositions at 1 % concentration with varied proportions (75 %-25 %, 50 %-50 %, 25 %-75 %, 100 %), aerogels were still made using the fundamentally easy lyophilization procedure. Porosity values for NC-Chitosan (NC/CH) based aerogels range from 97.85 to 99.84 %, whereas those made from NC-Gelatin (NC/GL) and NC-Alginate (NC-AL) have values of 99.2-99.8 % and 98.47 to 99.7 %, respectively. In addition, densities were determined in the range of 0.01 g/cm3 for both NC-CH and NC-GL composites, but higher values were obtained in ranged between 0.01 and 0.03 g/cm3 for NC-AL samples. The crystallinity index values showed a decreasing trend with the addition of biopolymers into NC composition. SEM images showed that all materials have a porous micro structure with different size pores and homogenous surface topography. As a result of the specified tests, these materials can be used in many different industrial applications, such as dust collectors, liquid adsorbers, specific material for packaging and medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orçun Çağlar Kurtuluş
- Kastamonu University, Department of Material and Materials Processing Technologies, 37300 Tosya, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Ondaral
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Forest Products Engineering, 61000 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nuray Emin
- Kastamonu University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Elif Aşikuzun
- Kastamonu University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey
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39
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Cao Y, Zhang G, Zou J, Dai H, Wang C. Natural Pyranosyl Materials: Potential Applications in Solid-State Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202216. [PMID: 36797983 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries have become one of the hottest research areas today, due to the use of solid-state electrolytes enabling the high safety and energy density. Because of the interaction with electrolyte salts and the abundant ion transport sites, natural polysaccharide polymers with rich functional groups such as -OH, -OR or -COO- etc. have been applied in solid-state electrolytes and have the merits of possibly high ionic conductivity and sustainability. This review summarizes the recent progress of natural polysaccharides and derivatives for polymer electrolytes, which will stimulate further interest in the application of polysaccharides for solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Cao
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guoqun Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jincheng Zou
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huichao Dai
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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40
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Liu Y, Wei Y, He Y, Qian Y, Wang C, Chen G. Large-Scale Preparation of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Application for Stabilizing Pickering Emulsions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15114-15123. [PMID: 37151532 PMCID: PMC10157680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with varied unique properties have been widely used in emulsions, nanocomposites, and membranes. However, conventional CNCs for industrial use were usually prepared through acid hydrolysis or heat-controlled methods with sulfuric acid. This most commonly used acid method generally suffers from low yields, poor thermal stability, and potential environmental pollution. Herein, we developed a high-efficiency and large-scale preparation strategy to produce carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (Car-CNCs) via carboxymethylation-enhanced ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation. After carboxymethylation, the wood fibers could form unique "balloon-like" structures with abundant exposed hydroxy groups, which facilitated exfoliating fibril bundles into individual nanocrystals during the APS oxidation process. The production process under controlled temperature, time period, and APS concentrations was optimized and the resultant Car-CNCs exhibited a typical structure with narrow diameter distributions. In particular, the final Car-CNCs exhibited excellent thermal stability (≈346.6 °C) and reached a maximum yield of 60.6%, superior to that of sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (Sul-CNCs) prepared by conventional acid hydrolysis. More importantly, compared to the common APS oxidation, our two-step collaborative process shortened the oxidation time from more than 16 h to only 30 min. Therefore, our high-efficiency method may pave the way for the up-scaled production of carboxylated nanocrystals. More importantly, Car-CNCs show potential for stabilizing Pickering emulsions that can withstand changeable environments, including heating, storage, and centrifugation, which is better than the conventional Sul-CNC-based emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry
and Engineering, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty
Paper and Paper-Based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry
and Engineering, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty
Paper and Paper-Based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yingying He
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry
and Engineering, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty
Paper and Paper-Based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yangyang Qian
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry
and Engineering, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty
Paper and Paper-Based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College
of Tea (Pu’er), West Yunnan University
of Applied Sciences, Pu’er 665000, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry
and Engineering, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty
Paper and Paper-Based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry
and Engineering, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty
Paper and Paper-Based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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41
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Jia M, Wang M, Zhou Y. A Flexible and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sense Electrode Based on Cotton Pulp for Wearable Electronics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092095. [PMID: 37177243 PMCID: PMC10181469 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity have great potential applications in wearable electronics. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare sense electrodes with high flexibility, high sensitivity, and high electrochemical performance. Here, we propose a novel and simple method for carbonizing cotton fibers as excellent electrically conductive materials. Moreover, carbonized cotton fiber (CCF) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were assembled into a flexible sense electrode. The CCF/PDMS electrode shows a high sensitivity of 10.8 kPa-1, a wide response frequency from 0.2-2.0 Hz, and durability over 900 cycles. The combined CCF/PDMS sensors can monitor human movement and pulse vibration, showing the enormous potential for use in wearable device technology. Additionally, the CCF/PDMS can be used as electrodes with a specific capacitance of 332.5 mF cm-2 at a current density of 5 mA cm-2, thanks to their high electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity, demonstrating the promising prospect of flexible supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Jia
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yucheng Zhou
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
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42
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Zhang Y, Deng W, Wu M, Rahmaninia M, Xu C, Li B. Tailoring Functionality of Nanocellulose: Current Status and Critical Challenges. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091489. [PMID: 37177034 PMCID: PMC10179792 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) isolated from natural cellulose resources, which mainly includes cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), has garnered increased attention in recent decades due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties. Various chemical modifications have been developed with the aim of surface-modifying NC for highly sophisticated applications. This review comprehensively summarizes the chemical modifications applied to NC so far in order to introduce new functionalities to the material, such as silanization, esterification, oxidation, etherification, grafting, coating, and others. The new functionalities obtained through such surface-modification methods include hydrophobicity, conductivity, antibacterial properties, and absorbability. In addition, the incorporation of NC in some functional materials, such as films, wearable sensors, cellulose nanospheres, aerogel, hydrogels, and nanocomposites, is discussed in relation to the tailoring of the functionality of NC. It should be pointed out that some issues need to be addressed during the preparation of NC and NC-based materials, such as the low reactivity of these raw materials, the difficulties involved in their scale-up, and their high energy and water consumption. Over the past decades, some methods have been developed, such as the use of pretreatment methods, the adaptation of low-cost starting raw materials, and the use of environmentally friendly chemicals, which support the practical application of NC and NC-based materials. Overall, it is believed that as a green, sustainable, and renewable nanomaterial, NC is will be suitable for large-scale applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Wangfang Deng
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mehdi Rahmaninia
- Wood and Paper Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
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43
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Benselfelt T, Kummer N, Nordenström M, Fall AB, Nyström G, Wågberg L. The Colloidal Properties of Nanocellulose. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201955. [PMID: 36650954 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses are anisotropic nanoparticles of semicrystalline assemblies of glucan polymers. They have great potential as renewable building blocks in the materials platform of a more sustainable society. As a result, the research on nanocellulose has grown exponentially over the last decades. To fully utilize the properties of nanocelluloses, a fundamental understanding of their colloidal behavior is necessary. As elongated particles with dimensions in a critical nanosize range, their colloidal properties are complex, with several behaviors not covered by classical theories. In this comprehensive Review, we describe the most prominent colloidal behaviors of nanocellulose by combining experimental data and theoretical descriptions. We discuss the preparation and characterization of nanocellulose dispersions, how they form networks at low concentrations, how classical theories cannot describe their behavior, and how they interact with other colloids. We then show examples of how scientists can use this fundamental knowledge to control the assembly of nanocellulose into new materials with exceptional properties. We hope aspiring and established researchers will use this Review as a guide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benselfelt
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nico Kummer
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Malin Nordenström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Korotcenkov G, Simonenko NP, Simonenko EP, Sysoev VV, Brinzari V. Paper-Based Humidity Sensors as Promising Flexible Devices, State of the Art, Part 2: Humidity-Sensor Performances. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13081381. [PMID: 37110966 PMCID: PMC10144639 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review article covers all types of paper-based humidity sensor, such as capacitive, resistive, impedance, fiber-optic, mass-sensitive, microwave, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) humidity sensors. The parameters of these sensors and the materials involved in their research and development, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, semiconductors, and polymers, are comprehensively detailed, with a special focus on the advantages/disadvantages from an application perspective. Numerous technological/design approaches to the optimization of the performances of the sensors are considered, along with some non-conventional approaches. The review ends with a detailed analysis of the current problems encountered in the development of paper-based humidity sensors, supported by some solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenadii Korotcenkov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Nikolay P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.S.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Elizaveta P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.P.S.); (E.P.S.)
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., 410054 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Brinzari
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
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45
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Mao H, Niu P, Zhang Z, Kong Y, Wang WJ, Yang X. High-strength and functional nanocellulose filaments made by direct wet spinning from low concentration suspensions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120881. [PMID: 37182934 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Continuous filaments obtained through the wet spinning of nanocellulose have promising mechanical properties with sustainable features. To guarantee proper spinnability for wet spinning, freshly made cellulose nanofibril (CNF) suspension needs to be concentrated to have a concentration above 1 wt%, resulting in energy- and time-consuming, and inferior mechanical properties of the final filaments owing to decreasing the CNF alignment against shear flows. In this study, a CNF spinning suspension at a low concentration (0.4 wt%) can be used right after the fibrillation process without further treatments. The effects of the concentration and re-concentrating process are studied by carefully characterizing the rheological behavior and filament solidification processes, which provides more fundamental understandings on the spinnability and CNF network formation of such colloidal CNF suspensions. Combined with a post stretching process, the final dried CNF filaments have superior mechanical properties with Young's modulus and tensile strength of 35 GPa and 567 MPa, surpassing most literature data. Moreover, different functional particles can be easily incorporated to prepare functional filaments. With facile preparation and superior properties, these CNF filaments may be suitable for advanced composite filler and special textile applications.
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46
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Kurniawan TW, Sulistyarti H, Rumhayati B, Sabarudin A. Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) and Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) as Adsorbents of Heavy Metal Ions. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5037027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of nanocellulose has been extensively investigated due to the growing demand for sustainable green materials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which have the same chemical composition but have different morphology, particle size, crystallinity, and other properties depending on the precursor and the synthesis method used. In comparison, CNC particles have a short rod-like shape and have smaller particle dimensions when compared to CNF particles in the form of fibers. CNC synthesis was carried out chemically (hydrolysis method), and CNF synthesis was carried out mechanically (homogenization, ball milling, and grinding), and both can be modified because they have a large surface area and are rich in hydroxyl groups. Modifications were made to increase the adsorption ability of heavy metal ions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric (TG), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) can reveal the characteristics and morphology of CNCs and CNFs. The success and effectiveness of the heavy metal adsorption process are influenced by a few factors. These factors include adsorbent chemical structure changes, adsorbent surface area, the availability of active sites on the adsorbent’s surface, adsorption constants, heavy metal ionic size differences, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time during the adsorption process. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of CNCs and CNFs synthesized from various precursors and methods, the modification methods, and the application of CNCs and CNFs as heavy metal ion adsorbents, which includes suitable isotherm and kinetics models and the effect of pH on the selectivity of various types of heavy metal ions.
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47
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Solin K, Vuoriluoto M, Khakalo A, Tammelin T. Cannabis detection with solid sensors and paper-based immunoassays by conjugating antibodies to nanocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120517. [PMID: 36641163 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific diagnostics for cannabis usage are essential for rapid on-site screening for illicit drug usage. To improve the sensitivity of THC immunoassays, a proper immobilization of the sensing elements on the sensor substrate is critical. In this work, we demonstrated the utilization of EDC/NHS coupling chemistry with nanocellulose to obtain efficient anchor layers for the immobilization of anti-immune complex antibodies on surfaces. In our approach, the high surface-to-volume ratio, OH-group-rich surface, and high hygroscopicity of TOCNF enable efficient surface functionalization and enhance water permeation inside the nanocellulose network structure, offering a hydrophilic spacer for the sensing antibodies. THC detection was shown in both SPR (surface plasmon resonance technique) and paper-based sensing systems. In SPR, antibody immobilization and the related interactions with the target molecule complex with 1-10 μg/mL THC were followed in-situ in aqueous environment, revealing robust attachment of the antibody to the nanocellulose layer and preserved bioactivity. Additionally, quantitative THC detection was enabled on paper substrate by colorimetric means by employing labeled anti-THC Fab antibody fragments as detection antibodies. THC detection efficiency of covalently linked biointerface was superior compared to the performance of physically linked biointerface. The chemical conjugation of anti-IC to nanocellulose allowed efficient binding, whereas supramolecular conjugation led to insufficient binding, highlighting the relevance of the developed nanocellulose-based anchor layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Solin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Vuoriluoto
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Alexey Khakalo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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48
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Luo Q, Shen H, Zhou G, Xu X. A mini-review on the dielectric properties of cellulose and nanocellulose-based materials as electronic components. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120449. [PMID: 36657840 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-based materials have the advantages of renewable, non-toxic, flexible, and strong mechanical properties, so it of is great significance to study the dielectric properties of cellulose-based materials. In this paper, we summarized the factors influencing the dielectric properties of cellulose and nanocellulose-based dielectric and the ways to change the dielectric properties, mainly exploring the methods to improve the dielectric constant of cellulose-based dielectric materials. Cellulose and nanocellulose-based dielectric need to improve the hygroscopic property, increase the flexibility and reduce dielectric loss of the composite materials. This review summarizes the current state-of-art progress of new dielectric materials for green energy storage and flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huimin Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Research Institute, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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49
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Fukugaichi S, Mayasari E, Johan E, Matsue N. One-step preparation of lignocellulose nanofibers from Musa basjoo pseudo-stem. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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50
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Nikolits I, Radwan S, Liebner F, Dietrich W, Egger D, Chariyev-Prinz F, Kasper C. Hydrogels from TEMPO-Oxidized Nanofibrillated Cellulose Support In Vitro Cultivation of Encapsulated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:543-551. [PMID: 36745634 PMCID: PMC9945099 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most prominent type of adult stem cells for clinical applications. Three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of MSCs in biomimetic hydrogels provides a more physiologically relevant cultivation microenvironment for in vitro testing and modeling, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional planar cultivation methods. Cellulose nanofibers are an excellent candidate biomaterial for synthesis of hydrogels for this application, due to their biocompatibility, tunable properties, availability, and low cost. Herein, we demonstrate the capacity of hydrogels prepared from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl -oxidized and subsequently individualized cellulose-nanofibrils to support physiologically relevant 3D in vitro cultivation of human MSCs at low solid contents (0.2-0.5 wt %). Our results show that MSCs can spread, proliferate, and migrate inside the cellulose hydrogels, while the metabolic activity and proliferative capacity of the cells as well as their morphological characteristics benefit more in the lower bulk cellulose concentration hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Nikolits
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
BOKU Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Radwan
- Department
of Life Science Engineering, University
of Applied Sciences Technikum Vienna, Höchstädtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Falk Liebner
- Institute
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
BOKU Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolf Dietrich
- Department
of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Karl Landsteiner
University of Health Sciences, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
BOKU Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Farhad Chariyev-Prinz
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
BOKU Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
BOKU Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria,
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