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Galey L, Olanrewaju A, Nabi H, Paquette JS, Pouliot F, Audet-Walsh É. PSA, an outdated biomarker for prostate cancer: In search of a more specific biomarker, citrate takes the spotlight. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 243:106588. [PMID: 39025336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The prevailing biomarker employed for prostate cancer (PCa) screening and diagnosis is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Despite excellent sensitivity, PSA lacks specificity, leading to false positives, unnecessary biopsies and overdiagnosis. Consequently, PSA is increasingly less used by clinicians, thus underscoring the imperative for the identification of new biomarkers. An emerging biomarker in this context is citrate, a molecule secreted by the normal prostate, which has been shown to be inversely correlated with PCa. Here, we discuss about PSA and its usage for PCa diagnosis, its lack of specificity, and the various conditions that can affect its levels. We then provide our vision about what we think would be a valuable addition to our PCa diagnosis toolkit, citrate. We describe the unique citrate metabolic program in the prostate and how this profile is reprogrammed during carcinogenesis. Finally, we summarize the evidence that supports the usage of citrate as a biomarker for PCa diagnosis, as it can be measured in various patient samples and be analyzed by several methods. The unique relationship between citrate and PCa, combined with the stability of citrate levels in other prostate-related conditions and the simplicity of its detection, further accentuates its potential as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Galey
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Ayokunle Olanrewaju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hermann Nabi
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Paquette
- Laboratoire de recherche et d'innovation en médecine de première ligne (ARIMED), Groupe de médecine de famille universitaire de Saint-Charles-Borromée, CISSS Lanaudière, Saint-Charles-Borromée, QC, Canada; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.
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Sushentsev N, Hamm G, Flint L, Birtles D, Zakirov A, Richings J, Ling S, Tan JY, McLean MA, Ayyappan V, Horvat Menih I, Brodie C, Miller JL, Mills IG, Gnanapragasam VJ, Warren AY, Barry ST, Goodwin RJA, Barrett T, Gallagher FA. Metabolic imaging across scales reveals distinct prostate cancer phenotypes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5980. [PMID: 39013948 PMCID: PMC11252279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarised magnetic resonance imaging (HP-13C-MRI) has shown promise as a clinical tool for detecting and characterising prostate cancer. Here we use a range of spatially resolved histological techniques to identify the biological mechanisms underpinning differential [1-13C]lactate labelling between benign and malignant prostate, as well as in tumours containing cribriform and non-cribriform Gleason pattern 4 disease. Here we show that elevated hyperpolarised [1-13C]lactate signal in prostate cancer compared to the benign prostate is primarily driven by increased tumour epithelial cell density and vascularity, rather than differences in epithelial lactate concentration between tumour and normal. We also demonstrate that some tumours of the cribriform subtype may lack [1-13C]lactate labelling, which is explained by lower epithelial lactate dehydrogenase expression, higher mitochondrial pyruvate carrier density, and increased lipid abundance compared to lactate-rich non-cribriform lesions. These findings highlight the potential of combining spatial metabolic imaging tools across scales to identify clinically significant metabolic phenotypes in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sushentsev
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Integrated BioAnalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy Flint
- Integrated BioAnalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Birtles
- Integrated BioAnalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aleksandr Zakirov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack Richings
- Predictive AI & Data, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Integrated BioAnalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Y Tan
- Predictive AI & Data, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary A McLean
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ines Horvat Menih
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cara Brodie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jodi L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Integrated BioAnalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tristan Barrett
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Shrestha RK, Nassar ZD, Hanson AR, Iggo R, Townley SL, Dehairs J, Mah CY, Helm M, Alizadeh-Ghodsi M, Pickering M, Ghesquière B, Watt MJ, Quek LE, Hoy AJ, Tilley WD, Swinnen JV, Butler LM, Selth LA. ACSM1 and ACSM3 Regulate Fatty Acid Metabolism to Support Prostate Cancer Growth and Constrain Ferroptosis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:2313-2332. [PMID: 38657108 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumors are highly reliant on lipids for energy, growth, and survival. In prostate cancer, the activity of the androgen receptor (AR) is associated with reprogramming of lipid metabolic processes. Here, we identified acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family members 1 and 3 (ACSM1 and ACSM3) as AR-regulated mediators of prostate cancer metabolism and growth. ACSM1 and ACSM3 were upregulated in prostate tumors compared with nonmalignant tissues and other cancer types. Both enzymes enhanced proliferation and protected prostate cancer cells from death in vitro, whereas silencing ACSM3 led to reduced tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft model. ACSM1 and ACSM3 were major regulators of the prostate cancer lipidome and enhanced energy production via fatty acid oxidation. Metabolic dysregulation caused by loss of ACSM1/3 led to mitochondrial oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cell death by ferroptosis. Conversely, elevated ACSM1/3 activity enabled prostate cancer cells to survive toxic levels of medium chain fatty acids and promoted resistance to ferroptosis-inducing drugs and AR antagonists. Collectively, this study reveals a tumor-promoting function of medium chain acyl-CoA synthetases and positions ACSM1 and ACSM3 as key players in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Significance: Androgen receptor-induced ACSM1 and ACSM3 mediate a metabolic pathway in prostate cancer that enables the utilization of medium chain fatty acids for energy production, blocks ferroptosis, and drives resistance to clinically approved antiandrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Shrestha
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrienne R Hanson
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Richard Iggo
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institut Bergonié Unicancer, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Scott L Townley
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chui Y Mah
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Madison Helm
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Alizadeh-Ghodsi
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marie Pickering
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Core Facility Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
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Ogbonnaya CN, Alsaedi BSO, Alhussaini AJ, Hislop R, Pratt N, Steele JD, Kernohan N, Nabi G. Radiogenomics Map-Based Molecular and Imaging Phenotypical Characterization in Localised Prostate Cancer Using Pre-Biopsy Biparametric MR Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5379. [PMID: 38791417 PMCID: PMC11121591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To create a radiogenomics map and evaluate the correlation between molecular and imaging phenotypes in localized prostate cancer (PCa), using radical prostatectomy histopathology as a reference standard. Radiomic features were extracted from T2-weighted (T2WI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) images of clinically localized PCa patients (n = 15) across different Gleason score-based risk categories. DNA extraction was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Gene expression analysis of androgen receptor expression, apoptosis, and hypoxia was conducted using the Chromosome Analysis Suite (ChAS) application and OSCHIP files. The relationship between gene expression alterations and textural features was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was utilized to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the model. A significant correlation was observed between radiomic texture features and copy number variation (CNV) of genes associated with apoptosis, hypoxia, and androgen receptor (p-value ≤ 0.05). The identified radiomic features, including Sum Entropy ADC, Inverse Difference ADC, Sum Variance T2WI, Entropy T2WI, Difference Variance T2WI, and Angular Secondary Moment T2WI, exhibited potential for predicting cancer grade and biological processes such as apoptosis and hypoxia. Incorporating radiomics and genomics into a prediction model significantly improved the prediction of prostate cancer grade (clinically significant prostate cancer), yielding an AUC of 0.95. Radiomic texture features significantly correlate with genotypes for apoptosis, hypoxia, and androgen receptor expression in localised prostate cancer. Integration of these into the prediction model improved prediction accuracy of clinically significant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N. Ogbonnaya
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; (C.N.O.); (A.J.A.); (J.D.S.)
| | | | - Abeer J. Alhussaini
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; (C.N.O.); (A.J.A.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Robert Hislop
- Cytogenetic, Human Genetics Unit, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (R.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Norman Pratt
- Cytogenetic, Human Genetics Unit, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (R.H.); (N.P.)
| | - J. Douglas Steele
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; (C.N.O.); (A.J.A.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Neil Kernohan
- Department of Pathology, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK;
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; (C.N.O.); (A.J.A.); (J.D.S.)
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Yanar S, Bal Albayrak MG, Kasap M, Akpinar G. From Androgen Dependence to Independence in Prostate Cancer: Unraveling Therapeutic Potential and Proteomic Landscape of Hydroxychloroquine as an Autophagy Inhibitor. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:246-255. [PMID: 38722704 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major planetary health challenge wherein new ways of thinking drug discovery and therapeutics innovation are much needed. Numerous studies have shown that autophagy inhibition holds a significant role as an adjunctive intervention in prostate cancer. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has gained considerable attention due to its established role as an autophagy inhibitor across diverse cancer types, but its proteomics landscape and systems biology in prostate cancer are currently lacking in the literature. This study reports the proteomic responses to HCQ in prostate cancer cells, namely, androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC3 cells. Differentially expressed proteins and proteome in HCQ-treated cells were determined by label-free quantification with nano-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (nHPLC-MS/MS), and harnessing bioinformatics tools. In PC3 cells, there was a marked shift toward metabolic reprogramming, highlighted by an upregulation of mitochondrial proteins in oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle, suggesting an adaptive mechanism to maintain energy production under therapeutic stress. In contrast, LNCaP cells prioritized proteostasis and cell cycle regulation, indicating a more conservative adaptation strategy. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the differential responses of prostate cancer cells to autophagy inhibition by HCQ, suggesting that a combination therapy approach, targeting distinct pathways in androgen-independent and androgen-dependent cells, could represent a promising treatment strategy. Moreover, the varied proteomic responses observed between these cell lines underscore the importance of personalized medicine in cancer therapy. Future translational and clinical research on HCQ and prostate cancer are called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Yanar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Panach-Navarrete J, González-Marrachelli V, Morales-Tatay JM, García-Morata F, Sales-Maicas MÁ, Monleón-Salvado D, Martínez-Jabaloyas JM. Metabolic analysis using HR-MAS in prostate tissue for prostate cancer diagnosis. Prostate 2024; 84:549-559. [PMID: 38212952 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in prostate tissue to provide new data on potential biomarkers of prostate cancer in patients eligible for prostate biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Core needle prostate tissue samples were obtained. After acquiring all the spectra using a Bruker Avance III DRX 600 spectrometer, tissue samples were subjected to routine histology to confirm presence or absence of prostate cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses with metabolic and clinical variables were performed to predict the occurrence of prostate cancer. RESULTS A total of 201 patients, were included in the study. Of all cores subjected to high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) followed by standard histological study, 56 (27.8%) tested positive for carcinoma. According to HR-MAS probe analysis, metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the metabolism of different amino acids were associated with presence of prostate cancer. Metabolites detected in tissue such as citrate or glycerol-3-phosphocholine, together with prostate volume and suspicious rectal examination, formed a predictive model for prostate cancer in tissue with an area under the curve of 0.87, a specificity of 94%, a positive predictive value of 80% and a negative predictive value of 84%. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics using HR-MAS analysis can uncover a specific metabolic fingerprint of prostate cancer in prostate tissue, using a tissue core obtained by transrectal biopsy. This specific fingerprint is based on levels of citrate, glycerol-3-phosphocholine, glycine, carnitine, and 0-phosphocholine. Several clinical variables, such as suspicious digital rectal examination and prostate volume, combined with these metabolites, form a predictive model to diagnose prostate cancer that has shown encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Panach-Navarrete
- Department of Urology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA, Health Research Institute, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vannina González-Marrachelli
- INCLIVA, Health Research Institute, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morales-Tatay
- INCLIVA, Health Research Institute, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Morata
- Department of Urology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA, Health Research Institute, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Sales-Maicas
- INCLIVA, Health Research Institute, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleón-Salvado
- INCLIVA, Health Research Institute, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Metabolomic, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Martínez-Jabaloyas
- Department of Urology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA, Health Research Institute, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Wu C, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Ding L, Wang J. Interference with mitochondrial metabolism could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290753. [PMID: 38598542 PMCID: PMC11006138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been defined as a hallmark of malignancies. Prior studies have focused on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of POLG2 gene, which is reportedly responsible for encoding mitochondrial DNA genes and is implicated in the material and energy metabolism of tumor cells, whereas its function in prostate cancer has been elusive. Gene expression profile matrix and clinical information were downloaded from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data portal, and GSE3325 and GSE8511 were retrieved from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database. We conducted analysis of the relative expression of POLG2, clinical characterization, survival analysis, GO / KEGG and GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) enrichment analysis in R and employed STRING portal to acquaint ourselves with the protein-protein interaction (PPI). IHC (Immunohistochemical) profiles of POLG2 protein between normal and cancerous tissues were consulted via HPA (Human protein atlas) database and the immunohistochemical POLG2 were verified between para-cancerous and cancerous tissues in tissue array. At the cellular level, Mitochondrial dysfunction assay, DNA synthesis test, wound healing assay, and invasion assay were implemented to further validate the phenotype of POLG2 knockdown in PCa cell lines. RT-qPCR and western blotting were routinely adopted to verify variations of molecular expression within epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Results showed that POLG2 was over-expressed in most cancer types, and the over-expression of POLG2 was correlated with PCa progression and suggested poor OS (Overall Survival) and PFI (Progress Free Interval). Multivariate analysis showed that POLG2 might be an independent prognostic factor of prostate cancer. We also performed GO/KEGG, GSEA analysis, co-expression genes, and PPI, and observed the metabolism-related gene alterations in PCa. Furthermore, we verified that POLG2 knockdown had an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial function, proliferation, cell motility, and invasion, we affirmed POLG2 could affect the prognosis of advanced prostate cancer via EMT. In summary, our findings indicate that over-expressed POLG2 renders poor prognosis in advanced prostate cancer. This disadvantageous factor can serve as a potential indicator, making it possible to target mitochondrial metabolism to treat advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Wu
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huihuang Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Gong X, Fu Y, Zhou L, Wei A, Pan C, Zhu T, Li H. Decoding chronic rhinosinusitis: A metabolomics-based approach. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:828-840. [PMID: 38343156 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and intractable disease in otorhinolaryngology, laying a heavy burden on healthcare systems. The worldwide researchers are making efforts to find solutions to this disease. Metabolomics has recently gained more and more traction, and might become a promising tool to unravel the complexity of CRS. This paper provides an overview of current studies on the metabolomics of various CRS subtypes. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, up to May 25, 2023. Search strategies incorporated key terms such as "chronic rhinosinusitis" and "metabolomics" with relevant synonyms and MeSH terms. Titles and abstracts of 86 screened articles were assessed for relevance to CRS and metabolomics. Methodological robustness, data reliability, and relevance were considered for shortlisted articles. RESULTS After the refined process, a total of 26 articles were included in this study and sorted out by research themes, methodology and pivotal discoveries. These included studies identified the metabolic pathways and markers related to the pathophysiology in each subtype of CRS. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics helps to shed light on the complexity of CRS. The mentioned findings highlight the importance of specific metabolic pathways and markers in understanding the pathophysiology of CRS. Despite that, challenges and future directions in metabolomics research for CRS would be worth being further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Gong
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yijie Fu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Aiming Wei
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongsheng Pan
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Guerrero-Ochoa P, Rodríguez-Zapater S, Anel A, Esteban LM, Camón-Fernández A, Espilez-Ortiz R, Gil-Sanz MJ, Borque-Fernando Á. Prostate Cancer and the Mevalonate Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2152. [PMID: 38396837 PMCID: PMC10888820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antineoplastic therapies for prostate cancer (PCa) have traditionally centered around the androgen receptor (AR) pathway, which has demonstrated a significant role in oncogenesis. Nevertheless, it is becoming progressively apparent that therapeutic strategies must diversify their focus due to the emergence of resistance mechanisms that the tumor employs when subjected to monomolecular treatments. This review illustrates how the dysregulation of the lipid metabolic pathway constitutes a survival strategy adopted by tumors to evade eradication efforts. Integrating this aspect into oncological management could prove valuable in combating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Guerrero-Ochoa
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Zapater
- Minimally Invasive Research Group (GITMI), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Alberto Anel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Luis Mariano Esteban
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de La Almunia, Institute for Biocomputation and Physic of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50100 La Almunia de Doña Godina, Spain
| | - Alejandro Camón-Fernández
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
| | - Raquel Espilez-Ortiz
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
- Department of Urology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Area of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Jesús Gil-Sanz
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
- Department of Urology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Borque-Fernando
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de La Almunia, Institute for Biocomputation and Physic of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50100 La Almunia de Doña Godina, Spain
- Department of Urology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Area of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Nenkov M, Shi Y, Ma Y, Gaßler N, Chen Y. Targeting Farnesoid X Receptor in Tumor and the Tumor Microenvironment: Implication for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:6. [PMID: 38203175 PMCID: PMC10778939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid-X receptor (FXR), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, can be activated by bile acids (BAs). BAs binding to FXR activates BA signaling which is important for maintaining BA homeostasis. FXR is differentially expressed in human organs and exists in immune cells. The dysregulation of FXR is associated with a wide range of diseases including metabolic disorders, inflammatory diseases, immune disorders, and malignant neoplasm. Recent studies have demonstrated that FXR influences tumor cell progression and development through regulating oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways, and, moreover, it affects the tumor microenvironment (TME) by modulating TME components. These characteristics provide a new perspective on the FXR-targeted therapeutic strategy in cancer. In this review, we have summarized the recent research data on the functions of FXR in solid tumors and its influence on the TME, and discussed the mechanisms underlying the distinct function of FXR in various types of tumors. Additionally, the impacts on the TME by other BA receptors such as takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), and muscarinic receptors (CHRM2 and CHRM3), have been depicted. Finally, the effects of FXR agonists/antagonists in a combination therapy with PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors and other anti-cancer drugs have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Nenkov
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.N.); (Y.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Yihui Shi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, Sutter Bay Hospitals, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA;
| | - Yunxia Ma
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.N.); (Y.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.N.); (Y.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Yuan Chen
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.N.); (Y.M.); (N.G.)
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11
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Santasusagna S, Zhu S, Jawalagatti V, Carceles-Cordon M, Ertel A, Garcia-Longarte S, Song WM, Fujiwara N, Li P, Mendizabal I, Petrylak DP, Kelly WK, Reddy EP, Wang L, Schiewer MJ, Lujambio A, Karnes J, Knudsen KE, Cordon-Cardo C, Dong H, Huang H, Carracedo A, Hoshida Y, Rodriguez-Bravo V, Domingo-Domenech J. Master Transcription Factor Reprogramming Unleashes Selective Translation Promoting Castration Resistance and Immune Evasion in Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2584-2609. [PMID: 37676710 PMCID: PMC10714140 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling rewiring allows tumors to survive therapy. Here we show that the decrease of the master regulator microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) in lethal prostate cancer unleashes eukaryotic initiation factor 3B (eIF3B)-dependent translation reprogramming of key mRNAs conferring resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and promoting immune evasion. Mechanistically, MITF represses through direct promoter binding eIF3B, which in turn regulates the translation of specific mRNAs. Genome-wide eIF3B enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation sequencing (eCLIP-seq) showed specialized binding to a UC-rich motif present in subsets of 5' untranslated regions. Indeed, translation of the androgen receptor and major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) through this motif is sensitive to eIF3B amount. Notably, pharmacologic targeting of eIF3B-dependent translation in preclinical models sensitizes prostate cancer to ADT and anti-PD-1 therapy. These findings uncover a hidden connection between transcriptional and translational rewiring promoting therapy-refractory lethal prostate cancer and provide a druggable mechanism that may transcend into effective combined therapeutic strategies. SIGNIFICANCE Our study shows that specialized eIF3B-dependent translation of specific mRNAs released upon downregulation of the master transcription factor MITF confers castration resistance and immune evasion in lethal prostate cancer. Pharmacologic targeting of this mechanism delays castration resistance and increases immune-checkpoint efficacy. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Santasusagna
- Department of Urology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shijia Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Vijayakumar Jawalagatti
- Department of Urology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saioa Garcia-Longarte
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Won-Min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Department of Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Peiyao Li
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabel Mendizabal
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Daniel P. Petrylak
- Department of Oncology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William Kevin Kelly
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E. Premkumar Reddy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Liguo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew J. Schiewer
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology. Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Urology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Traslational prostate cancer Research Lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Department of Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Urology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Department of Urology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Zhang WX, Huang J, Tian XY, Liu YH, Jia MQ, Wang W, Jin CY, Song J, Zhang SY. A review of progress in o-aminobenzamide-based HDAC inhibitors with dual targeting capabilities for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115673. [PMID: 37487305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases, as a new class of anticancer targets, could maintain homeostasis by catalyzing histone deacetylation and play important roles in regulating the expression of target genes. Due to the fact that simultaneous intervention with dual tumor related targets could improve treatment effects, researches on innovative design of dual-target drugs are underway. HDAC is known as a "sensitizer" for the synergistic effects with other anticancer-target drugs because of its flexible structure design. The synergistic effects of HDAC inhibitor and other target inhibitors usually show enhanced inhibitory effects on tumor cells, and also provide new strategies to overcome multidrug resistance. Many research groups have reported that simultaneously inhibiting HDAC and other targets, such as tubulin, EGFR, could enhance the therapeutic effects. The o-aminobenzamide group is often used as a ZBG group in the design of HDAC inhibitors with potent antitumor effects. Given the prolonged inhibitory effects and reduced toxic side effects of HDAC inhibitors using o-aminobenzamide as the ZBG group, the o-aminobenzamide group is expected to become a more promising alternative to hydroxamic acid. In fact, o-aminobenzamide-based dual inhibitors of HDAC with different chemical structures have been extensively prepared and reported with synergistic and enhanced anti-tumor effects. In this work, we first time reviewed the rational design, molecular docking, inhibitory activities and potential application of o-aminobenzamide-based HDAC inhibitors with dual targeting capabilities in cancer therapy, which might provide a reference for developing new and more effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yun-He Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mei-Qi Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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13
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Bian Q, Li B, Zhang L, Sun Y, Zhao Z, Ding Y, Yu H. Molecular pathogenesis, mechanism and therapy of Cav1 in prostate cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:196. [PMID: 37910338 PMCID: PMC10620365 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second incidence of malignant tumors in men worldwide. Its incidence and mortality are increasing year by year. Enhanced expression of Cav1 in prostate cancer has been linked to both proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, influencing disease progression. Dysregulation of the Cav1 gene shows a notable association with prostate cancer. Nevertheless, there is no systematic review to report about molecular signal mechanism of Cav1 and drug treatment in prostate cancer. This article reviews the structure, physiological and pathological functions of Cav1, the pathogenic signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer, and the current drug treatment of prostate cancer. Cav1 mainly affects the occurrence of prostate cancer through AKT/mTOR, H-RAS/PLCε, CD147/MMPs and other pathways, as well as substance metabolism including lipid metabolism and aerobic glycolysis. Baicalein, simvastatin, triptolide and other drugs can effectively inhibit the growth of prostate cancer. As a biomarker of prostate cancer, Cav1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Bian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medicine University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Radiological Image, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinuo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankui Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medicine University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honglian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Petrvalska O, Honzejkova K, Koupilova N, Herman P, Obsilova V, Obsil T. 14-3-3 protein inhibits CaMKK1 by blocking the kinase active site with its last two C-terminal helices. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4805. [PMID: 37817008 PMCID: PMC10588359 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ /CaM-dependent protein kinase kinases 1 and 2 (CaMKK1 and CaMKK2) phosphorylate and enhance the catalytic activity of downstream kinases CaMKI, CaMKIV, and protein kinase B. Accordingly, CaMKK1 and CaMKK2 regulate key physiological and pathological processes, such as tumorigenesis, neuronal morphogenesis, synaptic plasticity, transcription factor activation, and cellular energy homeostasis, and promote cell survival. Both CaMKKs are partly inhibited by phosphorylation, which in turn triggers adaptor and scaffolding protein 14-3-3 binding. However, 14-3-3 binding only significantly affects CaMKK1 function. CaMKK2 activity remains almost unchanged after complex formation for reasons still unclear. Here, we aim at structurally characterizing CaMKK1:14-3-3 and CaMKK2:14-3-3 complexes by SAXS, H/D exchange coupled to MS, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that complex formation suppresses the interaction of both phosphorylated CaMKKs with Ca2+ /CaM and affects the structure of their kinase domains and autoinhibitory segments. But these effects are much stronger on CaMKK1 than on CaMKK2 because the CaMKK1:14-3-3γ complex has a more compact and rigid structure in which the active site of the kinase domain directly interacts with the last two C-terminal helices of the 14-3-3γ protein, thereby inhibiting CaMKK1. In contrast, the CaMKK2:14-3-3 complex has a looser and more flexible structure, so 14-3-3 binding only negligibly affects the catalytic activity of CaMKK2. Therefore, Ca2+ /CaM binding suppression and the interaction of the kinase active site of CaMKK1 with the last two C-terminal helices of 14-3-3γ protein provide the structural basis for 14-3-3-mediated CaMKK1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Petrvalska
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling ProteinsDivision BIOCEVVestecCzech Republic
| | - Karolina Honzejkova
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Nicola Koupilova
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling ProteinsDivision BIOCEVVestecCzech Republic
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling ProteinsDivision BIOCEVVestecCzech Republic
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15
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Fu B, Wang L, Jia T, Wei Z, Nama N, Liang J, Liao X, Liu X, Gao Y, Liu X, Mao RS, Wang K, Guo J, Chen SS. Androgen receptor and MYC transcriptomes are equilibrated in multilayer regulatory circuitries in prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:1415-1429. [PMID: 37565264 PMCID: PMC10529406 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of androgen receptor (AR) having transrepression effects completes the circle of its functionalities as a typical transcription factor, which intrinsically bears dual functions of activation and repression linked to co-factor competition and redistribution. Indeed, AR dual functions are exemplified by locus-wide regulation of the oncogenic 8q24-MYC region. METHODS RT-qPCR assay and public RNA-profiling datasets were used to assess MYC transcription in androgen-sensitive cell lines. Public ChIP-seq and RNA-Seq datasets were computed to evaluate AR-MYC direct and indirect signatures. Gene sets in typical MYC and AR pathways were monitored to validate their cross-talks. Bio-informatics and chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay were performed in the AR gene locus to examine androgen-elicited distal regulation. Finally, co-factor re-distribution were globally tracked between AR and MYC binding sites. RESULTS In this report, we found MYC responded negatively to androgen with hypersensitivity, rivaling AR natural functions as an innate androgen effector. Furthermore, both direct and indirect AR and MYC transcriptional programs were actively in equilibration. With established androgen-mediated versus MYC-mediated gene subsets, we validated AR and MYC pathways were both bidirectional and extensively entangled. In addition, we determined that the AR gene locus resembled the MYC gene region and both loci were androgen-repressed via epigenetics and chromatin architectural alterations. Significantly, transcriptional factor profiling along the prostate cancer (PCa) genome exposed that PCa transcriptomes were dynamically equilibrated between AR-binding site and MYC-binding site. CONCLUSION Together, our findings stratified AR-MYC interactions that are extensively wired and intricately organized to compensate for essential PCa transcriptional programs and neutralize excessive signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R.China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology‐Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
- Department of Cell Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, ShaanXi, P.R.China
| | - Tianwei Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R.China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong, P.R.China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Nuosu Nama
- Department of Medicine, Hematology‐Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiaqian Liang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, P.R.China
| | - Xinghua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, WuHan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - XiaMing Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R.China
| | - Raymond Shen Mao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keshan Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ju Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R.China
| | - Shaoyong Shawn Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R.China
- Department of Medicine, Hematology‐Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
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16
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Crowell PD, Giafaglione JM, Jones AE, Nunley NM, Hashimoto T, Delcourt AML, Petcherski A, Agrawal R, Bernard MJ, Diaz JA, Heering KY, Huang RR, Low JY, Matulionis N, Navone NM, Ye H, Zoubeidi A, Christofk HR, Rettig MB, Reiter RE, Haffner MC, Boutros PC, Shirihai OS, Divakaruni AS, Goldstein AS. MYC is a regulator of androgen receptor inhibition-induced metabolic requirements in prostate cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113221. [PMID: 37815914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancers are treated with therapies targeting the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. While many tumors initially respond to AR inhibition, nearly all develop resistance. It is critical to understand how prostate tumor cells respond to AR inhibition in order to exploit therapy-induced phenotypes prior to the outgrowth of treatment-resistant disease. Here, we comprehensively characterize the effects of AR blockade on prostate cancer metabolism using transcriptomics, metabolomics, and bioenergetics approaches. The metabolic response to AR inhibition is defined by reduced glycolysis, robust elongation of mitochondria, and increased reliance on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. We establish DRP1 activity and MYC signaling as mediators of AR-blockade-induced metabolic phenotypes. Rescuing DRP1 phosphorylation after AR inhibition restores mitochondrial fission, while rescuing MYC restores glycolytic activity and prevents sensitivity to complex I inhibition. Our study provides insight into the regulation of treatment-induced metabolic phenotypes and vulnerabilities in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston D Crowell
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jenna M Giafaglione
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas M Nunley
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Takao Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amelie M L Delcourt
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raag Agrawal
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew J Bernard
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Johnny A Diaz
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kylie Y Heering
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rong Rong Huang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jin-Yih Low
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nedas Matulionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew B Rettig
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew S Goldstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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17
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Mora-Rodríguez JM, Sánchez BG, Sebastián-Martín A, Díaz-Yuste A, Sánchez-Chapado M, Palacín AM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Bort A, Díaz-Laviada I. Resistance to 2-Hydroxy-Flutamide in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Associated with the Downregulation of Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis and Epigenetic Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15626. [PMID: 37958610 PMCID: PMC10650717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the metabolic adaptations of a chemoresistant prostate cancer cell line in comparison to a sensitive cell line. We utilized prostate cancer LNCaP cells and subjected them to a stepwise increase in the antiandrogen 2-hydroxy-flutamide (FLU) concentration to generate a FLU-resistant cell line (LN-FLU). These LN-FLU cells displayed characteristics of cancer stem cells, exhibited drug resistance, and showed a significantly reduced expression of Cyclin D1, along with the overexpression of p16, pointing to a proliferation arrest. In comparing the cancer stem-like LN-FLU cells to the LNCaP cells, we observed a decrease in the expression of CTP-choline cytidylyl transferase α (CCTα), as well as a decline in choline kinase, suggesting altogether a downregulation of the phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway. In addition, we found decreased levels of the protein methyl transferase PRMT2 and the upregulation of the histone deacetylase Sirtuin1 (Sirt1). Analysis of the human prostate cancer samples revealed similar results in a population with high expressions of the stem cell markers Oct4 and ABCB1A1. Our findings suggest that the adaptation of prostate cancer cells to antiandrogens could induce reprogramming into stem cells that survive in a low phosphocholine metabolism and cell cycle arrest and display drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Mora-Rodríguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Belén G. Sánchez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alba Sebastián-Martín
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alba Díaz-Yuste
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Chapado
- Department of Urology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (A.M.P.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Ana María Palacín
- Department of Urology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (A.M.P.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Urology, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-C.); (A.M.P.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Alicia Bort
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (B.G.S.); (A.S.-M.); (A.D.-Y.)
- Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
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18
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Guo J, Wei Z, Jia T, Wang L, Nama N, Liang J, Liao X, Liu X, Gao Y, Liu X, Wang K, Fu B, Chen SS. Dissecting transcription of the 8q24-MYC locus in prostate cancer recognizes the equilibration between androgen receptor direct and indirect dual-functions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:716. [PMID: 37828515 PMCID: PMC10571316 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) activation and repression dual-functionality only became known recently and still remains intriguing in prostate cancer (PCa). MYC is a prominent oncogene that functionally entangles with AR signaling in PCa. Further exploration of AR regulatory mechanisms on MYC gene transcription bears clinical and translation significance. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis of PCa cell line and clinical RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing) datasets to anchor interactions of AR and MYC transcriptional networks. ChIP-qPCR and 3C (chromosome conformation capture) analyses to probe MYC distal regulation by AR binding sites (ABSs). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-editing to specify functions of ABS within the 8q24-MYC locus on androgen-mediated MYC transcription. Global FoxA1 and HoxB13 distribution profiling to advance AR transcriptional mechanisms. RESULTS Here we recognize AR bi-directional transcription mechanisms by exploiting the prominent 8q24-MYC locus conferring androgen hyper-sensitivity. At ~ 25 Kb downstream of the MYC gene, we identified an undefined ABS, P10. By chromatin analyses, we validated androgen-dependent spatial interaction between P10 and MYC-Promoter (MYC-Pro) and temporal epigenetic repression of these MYC-proximal elements. We next designed a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated double genomic knock-out (KO) strategy to show that P10-KO slightly lessened androgen-elicited MYC transrepression in LNCaP-AR cells. In similar genomic editing assays, androgen-mediated MYC repression became slightly deepened upon KO of P11, an ABS in the PVT1 gene locus highly enriched in AR-binding motifs and peaks. We also investigated multiple ABSs in the established PCAT1 super-enhancer that distally interacts with MYC-Pro for transactivation, with each KO pool consistently shown to relieve androgen-elicited MYC repression. In the end, we systemically assessed androgen effects in the 8q24-MYC locus and along PCa genome to generalize H3K27ac and BRD4 re-distribution from pioneer factors (FoxA1 and HoxB13) to AR sites. CONCLUSION Together, we reconciled these observations by unifying AR dual-functions that are mechanistically coupled to and equilibrated by co-factor redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yongwai Street 17, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tianwei Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, ShanXi, China
| | - Nuosu Nama
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jiaqian Liang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 947, Heping Avenue, Qingshan District, WuHan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yongwai Street 17, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Keshan Wang
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yongwai Street 17, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Shaoyong Shawn Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yongwai Street 17, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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19
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Chen Y, Dufour CR, Han L, Li T, Xia H, Giguère V. Hierarchical Phosphorylation of HOXB13 by mTOR Dictates Its Activity and Oncogenic Function in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1050-1063. [PMID: 37409967 PMCID: PMC10544006 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of mTOR signaling plays a critical role in promoting prostate cancer growth. HOXB13, a homeodomain transcription factor, is known to influence the androgen response and prostate cancer development. Recently, HOXB13 was found to complex with mTOR on chromatin. However, the functional crosstalk between HOXB13 and mTOR remains elusive. We now report that mTOR directly interacts with and hierarchically phosphorylates HOXB13 at threonine 8 and 41 then serine 31 to promote its interaction with the E3 ligase SKP2 while enhancing its oncogenic properties. Expression of HOXB13 harboring phosphomimetic mutations at the mTOR-targeted sites stimulates prostate cancer cellular growth both in vitro and in murine xenografts. Transcriptional profiling studies revealed a phospho-HOXB13-dependent gene signature capable of robustly discriminating between normal prostate tissues, primary and metastatic prostate cancer samples. This work uncovers a previously unanticipated molecular cascade by which mTOR directly phosphorylates HOXB13 to dictate a specific gene program with oncogenic implications in prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS Control of HOXB13 transcriptional activity via its direct phosphorylation by the mTOR kinase is a potential therapeutic avenue for the management of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Chen
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Lingwei Han
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ting Li
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hui Xia
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Tsujino T, Tokushige S, Komura K, Fukuokaya W, Adachi T, Hirasawa Y, Hashimoto T, Yoshizawa A, Saruta M, Ohno T, Nakamori K, Maenosono R, Nishimura K, Yamazaki S, Uchimoto T, Yanagisawa T, Mori K, Urabe F, Tsuzuki S, Iwatani K, Yamamoto S, Takahara K, Inamoto T, Kimura T, Ohno Y, Shiroki R, Azuma H. Real-world survival outcome comparing abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and enzalutamide for nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19414-19422. [PMID: 37706578 PMCID: PMC10587977 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence of abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone for patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of real-world survival outcomes between AA plus prednisone and enzalutamide (Enz) in patients with nmCRPC, utilizing our consortium dataset. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical records of 133 nmCRPC patients treated with first-line Enz or AA plus prednisone were analyzed. The primary endpoints of the study were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Cumulative incidence function (CIF) using Fine and Gray models was also utilized to assess non-cancer-caused death considering the competing risk of cancer-caused death. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 36 months, 34 patients (25.6%) had deceased, with a median OS of 99 months in the entire cohort. There were no significant differences in comorbidities between the Enz and AA groups. Time to PSA progression (TTPP: HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.51-1.30, P = 0.375) and CSS (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.55-3.44, P = 0.5141) were comparable between the two groups. However, intriguingly, there was a trend towards shorter OS in patients treated with AA plus prednisone compared to Enz (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.29-1.12, P = 0.0978, median of 99 and 69 months in Enz and AA groups, respectively). CIF analysis revealed that nmCRPC patients treated with AA plus prednisone were more likely to result in non-cancer-caused death than those treated with Enz (HR 5.22, 95% CI 1.88-14.50, P = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS Our real-world survival analysis suggests that while AA plus prednisone may demonstrate comparable treatment efficacy to Enz in the context of nmCRPC, there may be an increased risk of non-cancer-caused death. Physicians should take into consideration this information when making treatment decisions for patients with nmCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tsujino
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Satoshi Tokushige
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Wataru Fukuokaya
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of UrologyTokyo Medical UniversityShinjuku‐kuJapan
| | - Yosuke Hirasawa
- Department of UrologyTokyo Medical UniversityShinjuku‐kuJapan
| | | | - Atsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of UrologyFujita‐Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Masanobu Saruta
- Department of UrologyFujita‐Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Takaya Ohno
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Keita Nakamori
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Ryoichi Maenosono
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Kazuki Nishimura
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Shogo Yamazaki
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Taizo Uchimoto
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | | | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Shunsuke Tsuzuki
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Kosuke Iwatani
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Shutaro Yamamoto
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Kiyoshi Takahara
- Department of UrologyFujita‐Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Teruo Inamoto
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Yoshio Ohno
- Department of UrologyTokyo Medical UniversityShinjuku‐kuJapan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of UrologyFujita‐Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
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21
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Abstract
The human genome is organized into multiple structural layers, ranging from chromosome territories to progressively smaller substructures, such as topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromatin loops. These substructures, collectively referred to as long-range chromatin interactions (LRIs), have a significant role in regulating gene expression. TADs are regions of the genome that harbour groups of genes and regulatory elements that frequently interact with each other and are insulated from other regions, thereby preventing widespread uncontrolled DNA contacts. Chromatin loops formed within TADs through enhancer and promoter interactions are elastic, allowing transcriptional heterogeneity and stochasticity. Over the past decade, it has become evident that the 3D genome structure, also referred to as the chromatin architecture, is central to many transcriptional cellular decisions. In this Review, we delve into the intricate relationship between steroid receptors and LRIs, discussing how steroid receptors interact with and modulate these chromatin interactions. Genetic alterations in the many processes involved in organizing the nuclear architecture are often associated with the development of hormone-dependent cancers. A better understanding of the interplay between architectural proteins and hormone regulatory networks can ultimately be exploited to develop improved approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus T Tettey
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Gonthier K, Weidmann C, Berthiaume L, Jobin C, Lacouture A, Lafront C, Harvey M, Neveu B, Loehr J, Bergeron A, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Riopel J, Latulippe É, Atallah C, Shum M, Lambert J, Pouliot F, Pelletier M, Audet‐Walsh É. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 sustains a hybrid cytoplasmic-mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes in prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2109-2125. [PMID: 37086156 PMCID: PMC10552900 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is an established orchestrator of cell metabolism in prostate cancer (PCa), notably by inducing an oxidative mitochondrial program. Intriguingly, AR regulates cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), but not its mitochondrial counterparts IDH2 and IDH3. Here, we aimed to understand the functional role of IDH1 in PCa. Mouse models, in vitro human PCa cell lines, and human patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were used to study the expression and activity of IDH enzymes in the normal prostate and PCa. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IDH1 was then combined with extracellular flux analyses and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolomic analyses and cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In PCa cells, more than 90% of the total IDH activity is mediated through IDH1 rather than its mitochondrial counterparts. This profile seems to originate from the specialized prostate metabolic program, as observed using mouse prostate and PDOs. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of IDH1 impaired mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that this cytoplasmic enzyme contributes to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in PCa. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics confirmed this hypothesis, showing that inhibition of IDH1 impairs carbon flux into the TCA cycle. Consequently, inhibition of IDH1 decreased PCa cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that PCa cells have a hybrid cytoplasmic-mitochondrial TCA cycle that depends on IDH1. This metabolic enzyme represents a metabolic vulnerability of PCa cells and a potential new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gonthier
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Cindy Weidmann
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Line Berthiaume
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Cynthia Jobin
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Aurélie Lacouture
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Camille Lafront
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Mario Harvey
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Bertrand Neveu
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Oncology AxisCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université LavalCanada
| | - Jérémy Loehr
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Oncology AxisCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université LavalCanada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Oncology AxisCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université LavalCanada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Oncology AxisCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université LavalCanada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Julie Riopel
- Anatomopathology Service, Department of Laboratory MedicineCHU de Québec – Université LavalCanada
| | - Éva Latulippe
- Department of PathologyCHU de Québec – Université LavalCanada
| | - Chantal Atallah
- Department of PathologyCHU de Québec – Université LavalCanada
| | - Michael Shum
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Jean‐Philippe Lambert
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Big Data Research CenterUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Oncology AxisCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université LavalCanada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Disease AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- ARThrite Research CenterUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Department of Microbiology‐Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Étienne Audet‐Walsh
- Endocrinology – Nephrology Research AxisCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CenterCanada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université LavalQuébecCanada
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23
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Ali A, Mekhaeil B, Biziotis OD, Tsakiridis EE, Ahmadi E, Wu J, Wang S, Singh K, Menjolian G, Farrell T, Mesci A, Liu S, Berg T, Bramson JL, Steinberg GR, Tsakiridis T. The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin suppresses growth and enhances prostate cancer response to radiotherapy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:919. [PMID: 37684337 PMCID: PMC10491589 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a non-invasive standard treatment for prostate cancer (PC). However, PC develops radio-resistance, highlighting a need for agents to improve radiotherapy response. Canagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2, is approved for use in diabetes and heart failure, but is also shown to inhibit PC growth. However, whether canagliflozin can improve radiotherapy response in PC remains unknown. Here, we show that well-tolerated doses of canagliflozin suppress proliferation and survival of androgen-sensitive and insensitive human PC cells and tumors and sensitize them to radiotherapy. Canagliflozin blocks mitochondrial respiration, promotes AMPK activity, inhibits the MAPK and mTOR-p70S6k/4EBP1 pathways, activates cell cycle checkpoints, and inhibits proliferation in part through HIF-1α suppression. Canagliflozin mediates transcriptional reprogramming of several metabolic and survival pathways known to be regulated by ETS and E2F family transcription factors. Genes downregulated by canagliflozin are associated with poor PC prognosis. This study lays the groundwork for clinical investigation of canagliflozin in PC prevention and treatment in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ali
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bassem Mekhaeil
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Olga-Demetra Biziotis
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Wang
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kanwaldeep Singh
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gabe Menjolian
- Department of Radiotherapy, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Farrell
- Department of Physics, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aruz Mesci
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stanley Liu
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tobias Berg
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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24
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Wang L, Shi L, Liang Y, Ng JKW, Yin CH, Wang L, Hou J, Wang Y, Fung CSH, Chiu PKF, Ng CF, Tsui SKW. Dissecting the effects of METTL3 on alternative splicing in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1227016. [PMID: 37675218 PMCID: PMC10477979 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of METTL3 has been extensively studied in many cancers, its role in isoform switching in prostate cancer (PCa) has been poorly explored. To investigate its role, we applied standard RNA-sequencing and long-read direct RNA-sequencing from Oxford Nanopore to examine how METTL3 affects alternative splicing (AS) in two PCa cell lines. By dissecting genome-wide METTL3-regulated AS events, we noted that two PCa cell lines (representing two different PCa subtypes, androgen-sensitive or resistant) behave differently in exon skipping and intron retention events following METTL3 depletion, suggesting AS heterogeneity in PCa. Moreover, we revealed that METTL3-regulated AS is dependent on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and distinct splicing factors. Analysis of the AS landscape also revealed cell type specific AS signatures for some genes (e.g., MKNK2) involved in key functions in PCa tumorigenesis. Finally, we also validated the clinical relevance of MKNK2 AS events in PCa patients and pointed to the possible regulatory mechanism related to m6A in the exon14a/b region and SRSF1. Overall, we characterize the role of METTL3 in regulating PCa-associated AS programs, expand the role of METTL3 in tumorigenesis, and suggest that MKNK2 AS events may serve as a new potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yonghao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Judy Kin-Wing Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chan Hoi Yin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lingyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinpao Hou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cathy Sin-Hang Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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25
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Lazniewska J, Li KL, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan JM, Martini C, Moore C, Ung BSY, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Prabhakaran S, Heatlie JK, Brooks RD, Huzzell C, Warnock NI, Ward MP, Mohammed B, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Edgerton LB, Bates M, Moretti P, Pitson SM, Selemidis S, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Dynamic interplay between sortilin and syndecan-1 contributes to prostate cancer progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13489. [PMID: 37596305 PMCID: PMC10439187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression relies on the programming of glucose and lipid metabolism, and this involves alterations in androgen receptor expression and signalling. Defining the molecular mechanism that underpins this metabolic programming will have direct significance for patients with PCa who have a poor prognosis. Here we show that there is a dynamic balance between sortilin and syndecan-1, that reports on different metabolic phenotypes. Using tissue microarrays, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that sortilin was highly expressed in low-grade cancer, while syndecan-1 was upregulated in high-grade disease. Mechanistic studies in prostate cell lines revealed that in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, sortilin enhanced glucose metabolism by regulating GLUT1 and GLUT4, while binding progranulin and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to limit lipid metabolism. In contrast, in androgen-insensitive PC3 cells, syndecan-1 was upregulated, interacted with LPL and colocalised with β3 integrin to promote lipid metabolism. In addition, androgen-deprived LNCaP cells had decreased expression of sortilin and reduced glucose-metabolism, but increased syndecan-1 expression, facilitating interactions with LPL and possibly β3 integrin. We report a hitherto unappreciated molecular mechanism for PCa, which may have significance for disease progression and how androgen-deprivation therapy might promote castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jessica K Heatlie
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Nicholas I Warnock
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Paul Moretti
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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26
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Kalathil AA, Guin S, Ashokan A, Basu U, Surnar B, Delma KS, Lima LM, Kryvenko ON, Dhar S. New Pathway for Cisplatin Prodrug to Utilize Metabolic Substrate Preference to Overcome Cancer Intrinsic Resistance. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1297-1312. [PMID: 37521786 PMCID: PMC10375877 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells adapt to diverse survival strategies defying our pursuit of multimodal cancer therapy. Prostate cancer (PCa) is an example that is resistant to one of the most potent chemotherapeutics, cisplatin. PCa cells survive and proliferate using fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and the dependence on fat utilization increases as the disease progresses toward a resistant form. Using a pool of patient biopsies, we validated the expression of a key enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 A (CPT1A) needed for fat metabolism. We then discovered that a cisplatin prodrug, Platin-L, can inhibit the FAO of PCa cells by interacting with CPT1A. Synthesizing additional cisplatin-based prodrugs, we documented that the presence of an available carboxylic acid group near the long chain fatty acid linker on the Pt(IV) center is crucial for CPT1A binding. As a result of fat metabolism disruption by Platin-L, PCa cells transition to an adaptive glucose-dependent chemosensitive state. Potential clinical translation of Platin-L will require a delivery vehicle to direct it to the prostate tumor microenvironment. Thus, we incorporated Platin-L in a biodegradable prostate tumor-targeted orally administrable nanoformulation and demonstrated its safety and efficacy. The distinctive FAO inhibitory property of Platin-L can be of potential clinical relevance as it offers the use of cisplatin for otherwise resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akil A. Kalathil
- NanoTherapeutics
Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Subham Guin
- NanoTherapeutics
Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Akash Ashokan
- NanoTherapeutics
Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester
Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Uttara Basu
- NanoTherapeutics
Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester
Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Bapurao Surnar
- NanoTherapeutics
Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester
Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Katiana S. Delma
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Leonor M. Lima
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Oleksandr N. Kryvenko
- Sylvester
Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Desai Sethi
Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics
Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester
Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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27
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Butler LM, Evergren E. Ultrastructural analysis of prostate cancer tissue provides insights into androgen-dependent adaptations to membrane contact site establishment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217741. [PMID: 37529692 PMCID: PMC10389664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking and organelle contact sites are important for regulating cell metabolism and survival; processes often deregulated in cancer. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the developed world. While early-stage disease is curable by surgery or radiotherapy there is an unmet need to identify prognostic biomarkers, markers to treatment response and new therapeutic targets in intermediate-late stage disease. This study explored the morphology of organelles and membrane contact sites in tumor tissue from normal, low and intermediate histological grade groups. The morphology of organelles in secretory prostate epithelial cells; including Golgi apparatus, ER, lysosomes; was similar in prostate tissue samples across a range of Gleason scores. Mitochondrial morphology was not dramatically altered, but the number of membrane contacts with the ER notably increased with disease progression. A three-fold increase of tight mitochondria-ER membrane contact sites was observed in the intermediate Gleason score group compared to normal tissue. To investigate whether these changes were concurrent with an increased androgen signaling in the tissue, we investigated whether an anti-androgen used in the clinic to treat advanced prostate cancer (enzalutamide) could reverse the phenotype. Patient-derived explant tissues with an intermediate Gleason score were cultured ex vivo in the presence or absence of enzalutamide and the number of ER-mitochondria contacts were quantified for each matched pair of tissues. Enzalutamide treated tissue showed a significant reduction in the number and length of mitochondria-ER contact sites, suggesting a novel androgen-dependent regulation of these membrane contact sites. This study provides evidence for the first time that prostate epithelial cells undergo adaptations in membrane contact sites between mitochondria and the ER during prostate cancer progression. These adaptations are androgen-dependent and provide evidence for a novel hormone-regulated mechanism that support establishment and extension of MAMs. Future studies will determine whether these changes are required to maintain pro-proliferative signaling and metabolic changes that support prostate cancer cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma Evergren
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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28
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Chetta P, Sriram R, Zadra G. Lactate as Key Metabolite in Prostate Cancer Progression: What Are the Clinical Implications? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3473. [PMID: 37444583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer represents the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Although androgen-receptor signaling is the major driver of the disease, evidence is accumulating that disease progression is supported by substantial metabolic changes. Alterations in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid catabolism are consistently reported during prostate cancer development and progression in association with androgen-receptor signaling. Therefore, the term "lipogenic phenotype" is frequently used to describe the complex metabolic rewiring that occurs in prostate cancer. However, a new scenario has emerged in which lactate may play a major role. Alterations in oncogenes/tumor suppressors, androgen signaling, hypoxic conditions, and cells in the tumor microenvironment can promote aerobic glycolysis in prostate cancer cells and the release of lactate in the tumor microenvironment, favoring immune evasion and metastasis. As prostate cancer is composed of metabolically heterogenous cells, glycolytic prostate cancer cells or cancer-associated fibroblasts can also secrete lactate and create "symbiotic" interactions with oxidative prostate cancer cells via lactate shuttling to sustain disease progression. Here, we discuss the multifaceted role of lactate in prostate cancer progression, taking into account the influence of the systemic metabolic and gut microbiota. We call special attention to the clinical opportunities of imaging lactate accumulation for patient stratification and targeting lactate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Chetta
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council (IGM-CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy
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29
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Constantin TA, Varela-Carver A, Greenland KK, de Almeida GS, Olden E, Penfold L, Ang S, Ormrod A, Leach DA, Lai CF, Ainscow EK, Bahl AK, Carling D, Fuchter MJ, Ali S, Bevan CL. The CDK7 inhibitor CT7001 (Samuraciclib) targets proliferation pathways to inhibit advanced prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:2326-2337. [PMID: 37076563 PMCID: PMC10241923 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current strategies to inhibit androgen receptor (AR) are circumvented in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) promotes AR signalling, in addition to established roles in cell cycle and global transcription, providing a rationale for its therapeutic targeting in CRPC. METHODS The antitumour activity of CT7001, an orally bioavailable CDK7 inhibitor, was investigated across CRPC models in vitro and in xenograft models in vivo. Cell-based assays and transcriptomic analyses of treated xenografts were employed to investigate the mechanisms driving CT7001 activity, alone and in combination with the antiandrogen enzalutamide. RESULTS CT7001 selectively engages with CDK7 in prostate cancer cells, causing inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle arrest. Activation of p53, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of transcription mediated by full-length and constitutively active AR splice variants contribute to antitumour efficacy in vitro. Oral administration of CT7001 represses growth of CRPC xenografts and significantly augments growth inhibition achieved by enzalutamide. Transcriptome analyses of treated xenografts indicate cell cycle and AR inhibition as the mode of action of CT7001 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study supports CDK7 inhibition as a strategy to target deregulated cell proliferation and demonstrates CT7001 is a promising CRPC therapeutic, alone or in combination with AR-targeting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora A Constantin
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Anabel Varela-Carver
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Kyle K Greenland
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Gilberto Serrano de Almeida
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Ellen Olden
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Lucy Penfold
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Ang
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Alice Ormrod
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Damien A Leach
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Edward K Ainscow
- Carrick Therapeutics, Nova UCD, Bellfield Innovation Park, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Ash K Bahl
- Carrick Therapeutics, Nova UCD, Bellfield Innovation Park, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - David Carling
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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30
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Devasahayam Arokia Balaya R, Chandrasekaran J, Kanekar S, Kumar Modi P, Dagamajalu S, Gopinathan K, Raju R, Prasad TSK. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) inhibitors: a novel approach in small molecule discovery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15196-15206. [PMID: 37029757 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) plays a key role in regulation of intracellular calcium levels and signaling pathways. It is involved in activation of downstream signaling pathways that regulate various cellular processes. Dysregulation of CAMKK2 activity has been linked to various diseases including cancer, suggesting that CAMKK2 inhibitors might be beneficial in oncological, metabolic and inflammatory indications. The most pressing issues in small molecule discovery are synthesis feasibility, novel chemical structure and desired biological characteristics. To circumvent this constraint, we employed 'DrugspaceX' for rapid lead identification, followed by repositioning seven FDA-approved drugs for CAMKK2 inhibition. Further, first-level transformation (Set1 analogues) was performed in 'DrugspaceX', followed by virtual screening. The t-SNE visualization revealed that the transformations surrounding Rucaparib, Treprostinil and Canagliflozin are more promising for developing CAMKK2 inhibitors. Second, using the top-ranked Set1 analogues, Set2 analogues were generated, and virtual screening revealed the top-ranked five analogues. Among the top five Set2 analogues, DE273038_5 had the lowest docking score of -11.034 kcal/mol and SA score of 2.59, retaining the essential interactions with Hotspot residues LYS194 and VAL270 across 250 ns simulation period. When compared to the other four compounds, the ligand effectiveness score was 0.409, and the number of rotatable penalties was only three. Further, DE273038_5 after two rounds of transformations was discovered to be novel and had not been previously described in other databases. These data suggest that the new candidate DE273038_5 is likely to have inhibitory activity at the CAMKK2 active site, implying potential therapeutic use.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaikanth Chandrasekaran
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Saptami Kanekar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirthika Gopinathan
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Jefferi NES, Shamhari A‘A, Noor Azhar NKZ, Shin JGY, Kharir NAM, Azhar MA, Hamid ZA, Budin SB, Taib IS. The Role of ERα and ERβ in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Current Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030826. [PMID: 36979805 PMCID: PMC10045750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer, or CRPC, is an aggressive stage of prostate cancer (PCa) in which PCa cells invade nearby or other parts of the body. When a patient with PCa goes through androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the cancer comes back or worsens, this is called CRPC. Instead of androgen-dependent signalling, recent studies show the involvement of the estrogen pathway through the regulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in CRPC development. Reduced levels of testosterone due to ADT lead to low ERβ functionality in inhibiting the proliferation of PCa cells. Additionally, ERα, which possesses androgen independence, continues to promote the proliferation of PCa cells. The functions of ERα and ERβ in controlling PCa progression have been studied, but further research is needed to elucidate their roles in promoting CRPC. Finding new ways to treat the disease and stop it from becoming worse will require a clear understanding of the molecular processes that can lead to CRPC. The current review summarizes the underlying processes involving ERα and ERβ in developing CRPC, including castration-resistant mechanisms after ADT and available medication modification in mitigating CRPC progression, with the goal of directing future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Erysha Sabrina Jefferi
- Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Asma’ ‘Afifah Shamhari
- Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Khayrin Zulaikha Noor Azhar
- Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Joyce Goh Yi Shin
- Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Annisa Mohd Kharir
- Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Afiq Azhar
- Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0603-92897608
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Xu P, Yang JC, Ning S, Chen B, Nip C, Wei Q, Liu L, Johnson OT, Gao AC, Gestwicki JE, Evans CP, Liu C. Allosteric inhibition of HSP70 in collaboration with STUB1 augments enzalutamide efficacy in antiandrogen resistant prostate tumor and patient-derived models. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106692. [PMID: 36773708 PMCID: PMC10162009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome activity is suppressed in enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer cells, and the heat shock protein 70/STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1 (HSP70/STUB1) machinery are involved in androgen receptor (AR) and AR variant protein stabilization. Targeting HSP70 could be a viable strategy to overcome resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) in advanced prostate cancer. Here, we showed that a novel HSP70 allosteric inhibitor, JG98, significantly suppressed drug-resistant C4-2B MDVR and CWR22Rv1 cell growth, and enhanced enzalutamide treatment. JG98 also suppressed cell growth in conditional reprogramed cell cultures (CRCs) and organoids derived from advanced prostate cancer patient samples. Mechanistically, JG98 degraded AR/AR-V7 expression in resistant cells and promoted STUB1 nuclear translocation to bind AR-V7. Knockdown of the E3 ligase STUB1 significantly diminished the anticancer effects and partially restored AR-V7 inhibitory effects of JG98. JG231, a more potent analog developed from JG98, effectively suppressed the growth of the drug-resistant prostate cancer cells, CRCs, and organoids. Notably, the combination of JG231 and enzalutamide synergistically inhibited AR/AR-V7 expression and suppressed CWR22Rv1 xenograft tumor growth. Inhibition of HSP70 using novel small-molecule inhibitors coordinates with STUB1 to regulate AR/AR-V7 protein stabilization and ARSI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joy C Yang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shu Ning
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Christopher Nip
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Oleta T Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, USA
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, USA.
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Nikesitch N, Beraldi E, Zhang F, Adomat H, Bell R, Suzuki K, Fazli L, Hy Kung S, Wells C, Pinette N, Saxena N, Wang Y, Gleave M. Chaperone-mediated autophagy promotes PCa survival during ARPI through selective proteome remodeling. Oncogene 2023; 42:748-758. [PMID: 36611121 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in PCa metabolism, with androgen receptor pathway inhibition (ARPI) subjecting PCa cells to acute metabolic stress caused by reduced biosynthesis and energy production. Defining acute stress response mechanisms that alleviate ARPI stress and therefore mediate prostate cancer (PCa) treatment resistance will help improve therapeutic outcomes of patients treated with ARPI. We identified the up-regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in response to acute ARPI stress, which persisted in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC); previously undefined in PCa. CMA is a selective protein degradation pathway and a key stress response mechanism up-regulated under several stress stimuli, including metabolic stress. Through selective protein degradation, CMA orchestrates the cellular stress response by regulating cellular pathways through selective proteome remodeling. Through broad-spectrum proteomic analysis, CMA coordinates metabolic reprogramming of PCa cells to sustain PCa growth and survival during ARPI; through the upregulation of mTORC1 signaling and pathways associated with PCa biosynthesis and energetics. This not only promoted PCa growth during ARPI, but also promoted the emergence of CRPC in-vivo. During CMA inhibition, PCa metabolism is compromised, leading to ATP depletion, resulting in a profound anti-proliferative effect on PCa cells, and is enhanced when combined with ARPI. Furthermore, CMA inhibition prevented in-vivo tumour formation, and also re-sensitized enzalutamide-resistant cell lines in-vitro. The profound anti-proliferative effect of CMA inhibition was attributed to cell cycle arrest mediated through p53 transcriptional repression of E2F target genes. In summary, CMA is an acute ARPI stress response mechanism, essential in alleviating ARPI induced metabolic stress, essential for ensuring PCa growth and survival. CMA plays a critical role in the development of ARPI resistance in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Nikesitch
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eliana Beraldi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hans Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Bell
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kotaro Suzuki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonia Hy Kung
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher Wells
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicholas Pinette
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Neetu Saxena
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Verma P, Shukla N, Kumari S, Ansari M, Gautam NK, Patel GK. Cancer stem cell in prostate cancer progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188887. [PMID: 36997008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed malignancy in the men worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the sub-population of cells present in the tumor which possess unique properties of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation thus thought to be major cause of therapy resistance, disease relapse, and mortality in several malignancies including PCa. CSCs have also been shown positive for the common stem cells markers such as ALDH EZH2, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, Nanog etc. Therefore, isolation and characterization of CSCs specific markers which may discriminate CSCs and normal stem cells are critical to selectively eliminate CSCs. Rapid advances in the field offers a theoretical explanation for many of the enduring uncertainties encompassing the etiology and an optimism for the identification of new stem-cell targets, development of reliable and efficient therapies in the future. The emerging reports have also provided unprecedented insights into CSCs plasticity, quiescence, renewal, and therapeutic response. In this review, we discuss the identification of PCa stem cells, their unique properties, stemness-driving pathways, new diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions.
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35
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The role of CaMKK2 in Golgi-associated vesicle trafficking. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:331-342. [PMID: 36815702 PMCID: PMC9987998 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase, that is involved in maintaining various physiological and cellular processes within the cell that regulate energy homeostasis and cell growth. CaMKK2 regulates glucose metabolism by the activation of downstream kinases, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Consequently, its deregulation has a role in multiple human metabolic diseases including obesity and cancer. Despite the importance of CaMKK2, its signalling pathways and pathological mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent work has been aimed at broadening our understanding of the biological functions of CaMKK2. These studies have uncovered new interaction partners that have led to the description of new functions that include lipogenesis and Golgi vesicle trafficking. Here, we review recent insights into the role of CaMKK2 in membrane trafficking mechanisms and discuss the functional implications in a cellular context and for disease.
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36
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Mitochondrial Alterations in Prostate Cancer: Roles in Pathobiology and Racial Disparities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054482. [PMID: 36901912 PMCID: PMC10003184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men worldwide and is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Race-associated PCa health disparities are also common and are of both social and clinical concern. Most PCa is diagnosed early due to PSA-based screening, but it fails to discern between indolent and aggressive PCa. Androgen or androgen receptor-targeted therapies are standard care of treatment for locally advanced and metastatic disease, but therapy resistance is common. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells, are unique subcellular organelles that have their own genome. A large majority of mitochondrial proteins are, however, nuclear-encoded and imported after cytoplasmic translation. Mitochondrial alterations are common in cancer, including PCa, leading to their altered functions. Aberrant mitochondrial function affects nuclear gene expression in retrograde signaling and promotes tumor-supportive stromal remodeling. In this article, we discuss mitochondrial alterations that have been reported in PCa and review the literature related to their roles in PCa pathobiology, therapy resistance, and racial disparities. We also discuss the translational potential of mitochondrial alterations as prognostic biomarkers and as effective targets for PCa therapy.
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Preclinical models of prostate cancer - modelling androgen dependency and castration resistance in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Nat Rev Urol 2023:10.1038/s41585-023-00726-1. [PMID: 36788359 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is well known to be dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) for growth and survival. Thus, AR is the main pharmacological target to treat this disease. However, after an initially positive response to AR-targeting therapies, prostate cancer will eventually evolve to castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is often lethal. Tumour growth was initially thought to become androgen-independent following treatments; however, results from molecular studies have shown that most resistance mechanisms involve the reactivation of AR. Consequently, tumour cells become resistant to castration - the blockade of testicular androgens - and not independent of AR per se. However, confusion still remains on how to properly define preclinical models of prostate cancer, including cell lines. Most cell lines were isolated from patients for cell culture after evolution of the tumour to castration-resistant prostate cancer, but not all of these cell lines are described as castration resistant. Moreover, castration refers to the blockade of testosterone production by the testes; thus, even the concept of "castration" in vitro is questionable. To ensure maximal transfer of knowledge from scientific research to the clinic, understanding the limitations and advantages of preclinical models, as well as how these models recapitulate cancer cell androgen dependency and can be used to study castration resistance mechanisms, is essential.
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Unraveling the Peculiar Features of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041192. [PMID: 36831534 PMCID: PMC9953833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western countries. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of cells, undergo distinctive metabolic and structural dynamics in different types of cancer. PCa cells experience peculiar metabolic changes during their progression from normal epithelial cells to early-stage and, progressively, to late-stage cancer cells. Specifically, healthy cells display a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to the high accumulation of zinc that impairs the activity of m-aconitase, the enzyme of the TCA cycle responsible for the oxidation of citrate. During the early phase of cancer development, intracellular zinc levels decrease leading to the reactivation of m-aconitase, TCA cycle and OXPHOS. PCa cells change their metabolic features again when progressing to the late stage of cancer. In particular, the Warburg effect was consistently shown to be the main metabolic feature of late-stage PCa cells. However, accumulating evidence sustains that both the TCA cycle and the OXPHOS pathway are still present and active in these cells. The androgen receptor axis as well as mutations in mitochondrial genes involved in metabolic rewiring were shown to play a key role in PCa cell metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial structural dynamics, such as biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, were also observed in PCa cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in PCa during tumor development and progression; their role as effective molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PCa patients is also discussed.
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Pejčić T, Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Popović L. Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032939. [PMID: 36769263 PMCID: PMC9917912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is today the second most common cancer in the world, with almost 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Modern treatment of PCa involves radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy in the stages when the tumor is limited to the prostate. When metastases develop, the standard procedure is androgen deprivation therapy, which aims to reduce the level of circulating testosterone, which is achieved by surgical or medical castration. However, when the level of testosterone decreases to the castration level, the tumor cells adapt to the new conditions through different mechanisms, which enable their unhindered growth and survival, despite the therapy. New knowledge about the biology of the so-called of castration-resistant PCa and the way it adapts to therapy will enable the development of new drugs, whose goal is to prolong the survival of patients with this stage of the disease, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-641281844
| | - Zoran Todorović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Hu C, Xu H, Li Z, Liu D, Zhang S, Fang F, Wang L. Juglone promotes antitumor activity against prostate cancer via suppressing glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Phytother Res 2023; 37:515-526. [PMID: 36281060 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The treatments currently used for prostate cancer (PC) do not meet clinical needs, and thus, new therapies with greater effectiveness are urgently required. Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is emerging as an exciting field for cancer therapy. Although the Warburg effect is a common feature of glucose metabolism in many cancers, PC cells have a unique metabolic phenotype. Non-neoplastic prostate cells show reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) because large, accumulated zinc inhibits citrate oxidation. During transformation, there are low levels of zinc in PC cells, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is reactivated. However, metastatic PC exhibits the Warburg effect. Due to metabolic differences in prostate tissue, targeting metabolic alterations in PC cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy. In this study, we investigated the effect of juglone on energy metabolism in PC cells. We found that juglone inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that juglone suppressed OXPHOS and glycolysis due to its inhibition of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. Furthermore, downregulation of PFK and PK, but not HK contributed to the inhibition of these enzyme activities. The current study indicates that further development of juglone for PC treatment would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Changchun Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Changchun city, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- College of medical technology, Beihua university, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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41
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Scheinberg T, Mak B, Butler L, Selth L, Horvath LG. Targeting lipid metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231152839. [PMID: 36743527 PMCID: PMC9893394 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231152839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite key advances in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), a proportion of men have de novo resistance, and all will develop resistance to current therapeutics over time. Aberrant lipid metabolism has long been associated with prostate carcinogenesis and progression, but more recently there has been an explosion of preclinical and clinical data which is informing new clinical trials. This review explores the epidemiological links between obesity and metabolic syndrome and PCa, the evidence for altered circulating lipids in PCa and their potential role as biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for targeting lipids in men with PCa, including therapies widely used in cardiovascular disease such as statins, metformin and lifestyle modification, as well as novel targeted agents such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors, DES1 inhibitors and agents targeting FASN and beta oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia Scheinberg
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown NSW, Australia,Advanced Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Blossom Mak
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown NSW, Australia,Advanced Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Butler
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke Selth
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Labs, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia
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Wanjari UR, Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV, Murali R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Ganesan R. Role of Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:183. [PMID: 36837801 PMCID: PMC9962346 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the common cause of death in men. The pathophysiological factors contributing to PCa are not well known. PCa cells gain a protective mechanism via abnormal lipid signaling and metabolism. PCa cells modify their metabolism in response to an excessive intake of nutrients to facilitate advancement. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is inextricably linked to the carcinogenic progression of PCa, which heightens the severity of the disease. It is hypothesized that changes in the metabolism of the mitochondria contribute to the onset of PCa. The studies of particular alterations in the progress of PCa are best accomplished by examining the metabolome of prostate tissue. Due to the inconsistent findings written initially, additional epidemiological research is required to identify whether or not MetS is an aspect of PCa. There is a correlation between several risk factors and the progression of PCa, one of which is MetS. The metabolic symbiosis between PCa cells and the tumor milieu and how this type of crosstalk may aid in the development of PCa is portrayed in this work. This review focuses on in-depth analysis and evaluation of the metabolic changes that occur within PCa, and also aims to assess the effect of metabolic abnormalities on the aggressiveness status and metabolism of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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43
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Lin Y, Tan H, Yu G, Zhan M, Xu B. Molecular Mechanisms of Noncoding RNA in the Occurrence of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021305. [PMID: 36674820 PMCID: PMC9860629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several therapeutic options have been shown to improve survival of most patients with prostate cancer, progression to castration-refractory state continues to present challenges in clinics and scientific research. As a highly heterogeneous disease entity, the mechanisms of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are complicated and arise from multiple factors. Among them, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), the untranslated part of the human transcriptome, are closely related to almost all biological regulation, including tumor metabolisms, epigenetic modifications and immune escape, which has encouraged scientists to investigate their role in CRPC. In clinical practice, ncRNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs, may function as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRPC. Therefore, understanding the molecular biology of CRPC will help boost a shift in the treatment of CRPC patients. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of miRNAs and lncRNAs, discuss their potential functional mechanisms and highlight their clinical application prospects in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Haisong Tan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guopeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (B.X.)
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Mossa F, Robesti D, Sumankalai R, Corey E, Titus M, Kang Y, Zhang J, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Vellano CP, Marszaleck JR, Frigo DE, Logothetis CJ, Gujral TS, Dondossola E. Subtype and Site Specific-Induced Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:51-61. [PMID: 36112348 PMCID: PMC9812897 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant metabolic functions play a crucial role in prostate cancer progression and lethality. Currently, limited knowledge is available on subtype-specific metabolic features and their implications for treatment. We therefore investigated the metabolic determinants of the two major subtypes of castration-resistant prostate cancer [androgen receptor-expressing prostate cancer (ARPC) and aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC)]. Transcriptomic analyses revealed enrichment of gene sets involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in ARPC tumor samples compared with AVPC. Unbiased screening of metabolic signaling pathways in patient-derived xenograft models by proteomic analyses further supported an enrichment of OXPHOS in ARPC compared with AVPC, and a skewing toward glycolysis by AVPC. In vitro, ARPC C4-2B cells depended on aerobic respiration, while AVPC PC3 cells relied more heavily on glycolysis, as further confirmed by pharmacologic interference using IACS-10759, a clinical-grade inhibitor of OXPHOS. In vivo studies confirmed IACS-10759's inhibitory effects in subcutaneous and bone-localized C4-2B tumors, and no effect in subcutaneous PC3 tumors. Unexpectedly, IACS-10759 inhibited PC3 tumor growth in bone, indicating microenvironment-induced metabolic reprogramming. These results suggest that castration-resistant ARPC and AVPC exhibit different metabolic dependencies, which can further undergo metabolic reprogramming in bone. IMPLICATIONS These vulnerabilities may be exploited with mechanistically novel treatments, such as those targeting OXPHOS alone or possibly in combination with existing therapies. In addition, our findings underscore the impact of the tumor microenvironment in reprogramming prostate cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mossa
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers and Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Daniele Robesti
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers and Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030,Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20152
| | - Ramachandran Sumankalai
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers and Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA 98195
| | - Mark Titus
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers and Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yuqi Kang
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20152
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20152
| | - Christopher P. Vellano
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Joseph R. Marszaleck
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers and Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers and Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Taranjit S. Gujral
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Eleonora Dondossola
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers and Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030,Corresponding author: Eleonora Dondossola, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas, 77030, +17137459200
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Cornford P, Halpin C, Sassmann J, Frankcom I, Braybrook S. Increased use of 6-monthly gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy for prostate cancer: a capacity and cost-minimization analysis for England. J Med Econ 2023; 26:208-218. [PMID: 36749636 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2023.2172281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The National Health Service (NHS) in England is facing extreme capacity pressures. The backbone of prostate cancer care is gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) therapy, commonly administered every month or 3 months. We estimated the cost and capacity savings associated with increased use of 6-monthly GnRHa therapy in England. METHODS A capacity and cost-minimization model including a societal perspective was developed (in Microsoft Excel) to generate cost and capacity estimates for GnRHa drug acquisition and administration for "Current practice" and for a "Base case" scenario. In the "Base case" scenario, 50% of patients who were receiving monthly or 3-monthly GnRHa therapy in "Current practice" switched/transitioned to a 6-monthly formulation. Cost/capacity estimates were calculated per patient per administration and scaled to annualized population levels. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of individual model assumptions: 1 tested the impact of drug acquisition costs; 2 and 3 tested the level of nurse grade and the time associated with treatment administration, respectively; 4 tested the rate of switch/transition to 6-monthly GnRHa therapy; and 5 tested differing diagnostic patterns following the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. RESULTS Compared with "Current practice", the "Base case" scenario was associated with annual cost savings of £5,164,296 (148,478 fewer appointments/year and 37,119 fewer appointment-hours/year). The largest savings were in drug administration (£2.2 million) and acquisition (£1.6 million) costs. Annual societal cost savings totaled £1.4 million, mainly in reduced appointment-related travel, productivity and leisure time opportunity losses. Increased use of 6-monthly versus monthly or 3-monthly GnRHa therapy consistently achieved system-wide annual cost and capacity savings across all sensitivity analysis scenarios. CONCLUSIONS Our holistic model suggests that switching/transitioning men from monthly or 3- monthly GnRHa therapy to a 6-monthly formulation can reduce NHS cost and capacity pressures and the societal and environmental costs associated with prostate cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cornford
- Department of Urology, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals, Liverpool, UK
| | - Caolan Halpin
- Department of Market Access and Health Economics Outcomes Research, Ipsen, Slough, UK
| | | | - Ian Frankcom
- Department of Market Access and Health Economics Outcomes Research, Ipsen, Slough, UK
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46
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Begum TF, Carpenter D. Health effects associated with phthalate activity on nuclear receptors. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:567-583. [PMID: 34592072 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, widely used as plasticizers to impart flexibility in plastics, and as solvents in personal care products. Due to their nearly ubiquitous use in consumer products, most humans are exposed to phthalates daily. There has been extensive research on the reproductive health effects associated with phthalate exposure, but less attention has been paid to other actions. This review aims to summarize the known action of phthalates on different nuclear receptors. Some phthalates bind to and activate the estrogen receptor, making them weakly estrogenic. However, other phthalates antagonize androgen receptors. Some high molecular weight phthalates antagonize thyroid receptors, affecting metabolism. Several phthalates activate and interfere with the normal function of different peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), receptors that have critical roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Some phthalates activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is critical for xenobiotic metabolism. Although phthalates have a short half-life in vivo, because people are continuously exposed, studies should examine the health effects of phthalates associated with long-term exposure. There is limited research on the effects of phthalates on health outcomes aside from reproductive function, particularly concerning are childhood adiposity, behavior, and learning. There is also limited information on actions of phthalates not mediated via nuclear receptors. Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals simultaneously, and how chemical mixtures act on nuclear receptor activity needs study. Although we know a great deal about phthalates, there is still much that remains uncertain. Future studies need to further examine their other potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoin Farzana Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - David Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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47
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Dai X, Thompson EW, Ostrikov K(K. Receptor-Mediated Redox Imbalance: An Emerging Clinical Avenue against Aggressive Cancers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121880. [PMID: 36551308 PMCID: PMC9775490 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are more vulnerable to abnormal redox fluctuations due to their imbalanced antioxidant system, where cell surface receptors sense stress and trigger intracellular signal relay. As canonical targets of many targeted therapies, cell receptors sensitize the cells to specific drugs. On the other hand, cell target mutations are commonly associated with drug resistance. Thus, exploring effective therapeutics targeting diverse cell receptors may open new clinical avenues against aggressive cancers. This paper uses focused case studies to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the cell receptors of different categories and the primary cancer hallmarks that are associated with the responses to external or internal redox perturbations. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is examined as a promising redox modulation medium and highly selective anti-cancer therapeutic modality featuring dynamically varying receptor targets and minimized drug resistance against aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Erik W. Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Center for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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48
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Molecular and metabolic alterations of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives in prostate cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21599. [PMID: 36517571 PMCID: PMC9751122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common tumor in males worldwide. The lack of effective medication and the development of multidrug resistance towards current chemotherapeutic agents urge the need to discover novel compounds and therapeutic targets for PC. Herein, seven synthesized 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one analogues were evaluated for their anticancer activity against PC3 and DU145 cancer cell lines using MTT, scratch-wound healing, adhesion and invasion assays. Besides, a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was followed to identify the biochemical pathways altered in DU145 cancer cells upon exposure to dihydroquinazolin derivatives. The seven compounds showed sufficient cytotoxicity and significantly suppressed DU145 and PC3 migration after 48 and 72 h. C2 and C5 had the most potent effect with IC50 < 15 µM and significantly inhibited PC cell adhesion and invasion. Metabolomics revealed that C5 disturbed the level of metabolites involved in essential processes for cancer cell proliferation, progression and growth including energy production, redox homeostasis, amino acids and polyamine metabolisms and choline phospholipid metabolism. The data presented herein highlighted the importance of these compounds as potential anticancer agents particularly C5, and pointed to the promising role of metabolomics as a new analytical approach to investigate the antiproliferative activity of synthesized compounds and identify new therapeutic targets.
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49
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Hong MJ, Park JE, Lee SY, Lee JH, Choi JE, Kang HG, Do SK, Jeong JY, Shin KM, Lee WK, Seok Y, Choi SH, Lee YH, Seo H, Yoo SS, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Park JY. Exonuclease 1 genetic variant is associated with clinical outcomes of pemetrexed chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2022; 13:3701-3709. [PMID: 36606188 PMCID: PMC9809306 DOI: 10.7150/jca.78498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed is an anti-folate agent which is one of the most frequently used chemotherapy agents for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, clinical response to pemetrexed chemotherapy and survival outcome of patients varies significantly. We evaluated whether the genetic variants in miRNA target sites may affect the treatment outcome of pemetrexed chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients. One hundred SNPs in miRNA binding regions in cancer-related genes were obtained from the crosslinking, ligation, and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH) and CancerGenes database, and the associations with the response to pemetrexed chemotherapy and survival outcomes were investigated in 314 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Two polymorphisms, EXO1 rs1047840G>A and CAMKK2 rs1653586G>T, were significantly associated with worse chemotherapy response (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.24-0.68, P = 0.001, under dominant model; and aOR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16-0.67, P = 0.002, under dominant model, respectively) and worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.01-1.77, P = 0.04, under dominant model; and aHR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.06-2.13, P = 0.02, under dominant model, respectively) in multivariate analyses. Significantly increased luciferase activity was noted in EXO1 rs1047840 A allele compared to G allele. In conclusion, two SNPs in miRNA binding sites, especially EXO1 rs1047840G>A, were associated with the chemotherapy response and survival outcome in lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with pemetrexed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Shin Yup Lee, MD, PhD, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea; Tel: +82-53-200-2632; Fax: +82-53-200-2027, E-mail: ; Jae Yong Park, MD, PhD, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea; Tel: +82-53-200-2631; Fax: +82-53-200-2027, E-mail:
| | - Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Shin
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Lee
- Medical Research Collaboration Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangki Seok
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Shin Yup Lee, MD, PhD, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea; Tel: +82-53-200-2632; Fax: +82-53-200-2027, E-mail: ; Jae Yong Park, MD, PhD, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea; Tel: +82-53-200-2631; Fax: +82-53-200-2027, E-mail:
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Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Carvalho TM, Serra CD, Vaz CV, Madureira PA, Socorro S. Androgens and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol interplay in modulating prostate cancer cell fate and metabolism. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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