1
|
Kim H, Won Y, Song HW, Kwon Y, Jun M, Oh JH. Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for Bioelectronic Sensors: Materials and Operation Mechanisms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306191. [PMID: 38148583 PMCID: PMC11251567 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) has gained significant attention due to their ability to transport both electrons and ions, making them promising candidates for various applications. Initially focused on inorganic materials, the exploration of mixed conduction has expanded to organic materials, especially polymers, owing to their advantages such as solution processability, flexibility, and property tunability. OMIECs, particularly in the form of polymers, possess both electronic and ionic transport functionalities. This review provides an overview of OMIECs in various aspects covering mechanisms of charge transport including electronic transport, ionic transport, and ionic-electronic coupling, as well as conducting/semiconducting conjugated polymers and their applications in organic bioelectronics, including (multi)sensors, neuromorphic devices, and electrochromic devices. OMIECs show promise in organic bioelectronics due to their compatibility with biological systems and the ability to modulate electronic conduction and ionic transport, resembling the principles of biological systems. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on OMIECs offer significant potential for bioelectronic applications, responding to external stimuli through modulation of ionic transport. An in-depth review of recent research achievements in organic bioelectronic applications using OMIECs, categorized based on physical and chemical stimuli as well as neuromorphic devices and circuit applications, is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwook Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Yousang Won
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Song
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Minsang Jun
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nketia-Yawson B, Nketia-Yawson V, Buer AB, Jo JW. Interfacial Charge Transport Enhancement of Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Transistors Enabled by Ionic Polyurethane Dielectric. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400265. [PMID: 38760951 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) using disordered organic semiconductors, interface traps that hinder efficient charge transport, stability, and device performance are inevitable. Benchmark poly(9,9-dioctylfuorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) liquid-crystalline polymer semiconductor has been extensively investigated for organic electronic devices due to its promising combination of charge transport and light emission properties. This study demonstrates that high-capacitance single-layered ionic polyurethane (PU) dielectrics enable enhanced charge transport in F8T2 OFETs. The ionic PU dielectrics are composed of a mild blending of PU ionogel and PU solution, thereby forming a solid-state film with robust interfacial characteristics with semiconductor layer and gate electrode in OFETs and measuring high capacitance values above 10 µF cm-2 owing to the combined dipole polarization and electric double layer formation. The optimized fabricated ionic PU-gated OFETs exhibit a low-voltage operation at -3 V with a remarkable hole mobility of over 5 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average = 2.50 ± 1.18 cm2 V-1 s-1), which is the highest mobility achieved so far for liquid-crystalline F8T2 OFETs. This device also provides excellent bias-stable characteristics in ambient air, exhibiting a negligible threshold voltage shift of -0.03 V in the transfer curves after extended bias stress, with a reduced trap density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivian Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert Buertey Buer
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neu J, Ding K, Liu S, Ade H, Xu J, You W. Optimized Incorporation of Furan into Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400171. [PMID: 38483261 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have received considerable attention in the past decades due to their promising application in rollable display screens, wearable devices, implantable devices, and other electronic applications. In particular, conjugated polymers are favored for flexible electronics due to their mechanical flexibility and potential for solution-processed fabrication techniques, such as blade-coating, roll-to-roll printing, and high-throughput printing allowing for high-performance transistor devices. Thiophene is the prevailing conjugated unit to construct these conjugated polymers due to its favorable electronic properties. On the other hand, furans are among the few conjugated moieties that are easily derived from bio renewable resources. To promote sustainability, we selectively introduced furan into the conjugated backbone of a high-mobility polymer scaffold and systematically studied the effect on the microstructure and charge transport. We show that partially and selectively replacing thiophene units with furan can yield nearly comparable performance compared to the all-thiophene polymer. This strategy offers an improvement in the sustainability of the polymer by incorporating bio-sourced furan without sacrificing the high-performance characteristics. Meanwhile, polymers with incorrect or complete furan incorporation show reduced mobilities. This work serves to develop coherent structure-morphology-performance relationships; such knowledge will establish guidelines for the future development of sustainable, furan-based conjugated materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Neu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jo IY, Jeong D, Moon Y, Lee D, Lee S, Choi JG, Nam D, Kim JH, Cho J, Cho S, Kim DY, Ahn H, Kim BJ, Yoon MH. High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors Achieved by Optimizing Structural and Energetic Ordering of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307402. [PMID: 37989225 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
For optimizing steady-state performance in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), both molecular design and structural alignment approaches must work in tandem to minimize energetic and microstructural disorders in polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductor films. Herein, a series of poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole)s bearing various lengths of aliphatic-glycol hybrid side chains (PDPP-mEG; m = 2-5) is developed to achieve high-performance p-type OECTs. PDPP-4EG polymer with the optimized length of side chains exhibits excellent crystallinity owing to enhanced lamellar and backbone interactions. Furthermore, the improved structural ordering in PDPP-4EG films significantly decreases trap state density and energetic disorder. Consequently, PDPP-4EG-based OECT devices produce a mobility-volumetric capacitance product ([µC*]) of 702 F V-1 cm-1 s-1 and a hole mobility of 6.49 ± 0.60 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Finally, for achieving the optimal structural ordering along the OECT channel direction, a floating film transfer method is employed to reinforce the unidirectional orientation of polymer chains, leading to a substantially increased figure-of-merit [µC*] to over 800 F V-1 cm-1 s-1 . The research demonstrates the importance of side chain engineering of polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductors in conjunction with their anisotropic microstructural optimization to maximize OECT characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Jo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gyu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - HyungJu Ahn
- Industrial Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perinot A, Scuratti F, Scaccabarozzi AD, Tran K, Salazar-Rios JM, Loi MA, Salvatore G, Fabiano S, Caironi M. Solution-Processed Polymer Dielectric Interlayer for Low-Voltage, Unipolar n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56095-56105. [PMID: 37990398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The integration of organic electronic circuits into real-life applications compels the fulfillment of a range of requirements, among which the ideal operation at a low voltage with reduced power consumption is paramount. Moreover, these performance factors should be achieved via solution-based fabrication schemes in order to comply with the promise of cost- and energy-efficient manufacturing offered by an organic, printed electronic technology. Here, we propose a solution-based route for the fabrication of low-voltage organic transistors, encompassing ideal device operation at voltages below 5 V and exhibiting n-type unipolarization. This process is widely applicable to a variety of semiconducting and dielectric materials. We achieved this through the use of a photo-cross-linked, low-k dielectric interlayer, which is used to fabricate multilayer dielectric stacks with areal capacitances of up to 40 nF/cm2 and leakage currents below 1 nA/cm2. Because of the chosen azide-based cross-linker, the dielectric promotes n-type unipolarization of the transistors and demonstrated to be compatible with different classes of semiconductors, from conjugated polymers to carbon nanotubes and low-temperature metal oxides. Our results demonstrate a general applicability of our unipolarizing dielectric, facilitating the implementation of complementary circuitry of emerging technologies with reduced power consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perinot
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Scuratti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Karolina Tran
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Mario Salazar-Rios
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155─Alfa Building, 30172 Mestre Venice, Italy
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60 174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou Y, Zhang K, Chen Z, Zhang H. Molecular Design Concept for Enhancement Charge Carrier Mobility in OFETs: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6645. [PMID: 37895626 PMCID: PMC10607980 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have garnered increasing attention from the scientific and industrial communities. The performance of OFETs can be evaluated based on three factors: the charge transport mobility (μ), threshold voltage (Vth), and current on/off ratio (Ion/off). To enhance μ, numerous studies have concentrated on optimizing charge transport within the semiconductor layer. These efforts include: (i) extending π-conjugation, enhancing molecular planarity, and optimizing donor-acceptor structures to improve charge transport within individual molecules; and (ii) promoting strong aggregation, achieving well-ordered structures, and reducing molecular distances to enhance charge transport between molecules. In order to obtain a high charge transport mobility, the charge injection from the electrodes into the semiconductor layer is also important. Since a suitable frontier molecular orbitals' level could align with the work function of the electrodes, in turn forming an Ohmic contact at the interface. OFETs are classified into p-type (hole transport), n-type (electron transport), and ambipolar-type (both hole and electron transport) based on their charge transport characteristics. As of now, the majority of reported conjugated materials are of the p-type semiconductor category, with research on n-type or ambipolar conjugated materials lagging significantly behind. This review introduces the molecular design concept for enhancing charge carrier mobility, addressing both within the semiconductor layer and charge injection aspects. Additionally, the process of designing or converting the semiconductor type is summarized. Lastly, this review discusses potential trends in evolution and challenges and provides an outlook; the ultimate objective is to outline a theoretical framework for designing high-performance organic semiconductors that can advance the development of OFET applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qian S, Lin HA, Pan Q, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Geng Z, Wu Q, He Y, Zhu B. Chemically revised conducting polymers with inflammation resistance for intimate bioelectronic electrocoupling. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:24-51. [PMID: 36875055 PMCID: PMC9975642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, tunable interfacial barrier with metal, tissue matchable softness, and versatile chemical functionalization, making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits. This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers, combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance, to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants, addressing chronic immune responses, weak neuron attraction, and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges. Moreover, the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants (≥4 weeks stable implantation) is highlighted, followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function. Finally, a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hsing-An Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qichao Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yong He
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren C, Cao L, Wu T. Meniscus-Guided Deposition of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films: Materials, Mechanism, and Application in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300151. [PMID: 36869409 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processable organic semiconductors are one of the promising materials for the next generation of organic electronic products, which call for high-performance materials and mature processing technologies. Among many solution processing methods, meniscus-guided coating (MGC) techniques have the advantages of large-area, low-cost, adjustable film aggregation, and good compatibility with the roll-to-roll process, showing good research results in the preparation of high-performance organic field-effect transistors. In this review, the types of MGC techniques are first listed and the relevant mechanisms (wetting mechanism, fluid mechanism, and deposition mechanism) are introduced. The MGC processes are focused and the effect of the key coating parameters on the thin film morphology and performance with examples is illustrated. Then, the performance of transistors based on small molecule semiconductors and polymer semiconductor thin films prepared by various MGC techniques is summarized. In the third section, various recent thin film morphology control strategies combined with the MGCs are introduced. Finally, the advanced progress of large-area transistor arrays and the challenges for roll-to-roll processes are presented using MGCs. Nowadays, the application of MGCs is still in the exploration stage, its mechanism is still unclear, and the precise control of film deposition still needs experience accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Ren
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| | - Long Cao
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| | - Ti Wu
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based Conjugated Polymers as Representative Semiconductors for High-Performance Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Circuits. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
|
10
|
Chen X, Li Z, Chen Y, Zou S, Xiao L, Fan J. High-throughput synthesis of AlPO and SAPO zeolites by ink jet printing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2157-2160. [PMID: 36727587 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00078h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ink jet printing is for the first time introduced into the synthesis of aluminophosphate (AlPO) and silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) zeolite. As a high-throughput technique, 256 zeolite precursors with multiple formulations could be obtained within 2 h, while the product phase was regulated relative to the variant compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Chen
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Zhinian Li
- Eco-Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuang Chen
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Shihui Zou
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Liping Xiao
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Jie Fan
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu C, Wang Z, Dong W, He C, Shi Y, Bai J, Zhang C, Gao M, Jiang H, Deng Y, Ye L, Han Y, Geng Y. Aggregation Behavior and Electrical Performance Control of Isoindigo-Based Conjugated Polymers via Carbosilane Side Chain Engineering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weijia Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The continuous fiber networks with a balanced bimodal orientation of P(NDI2OD-T2) by controlling solution nucleation and face-on and edge-on crystallization rates. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Minowa Y, Yabuuchi Y, Nagano S, Nagamatsu S, Fujii A, Ozaki M. Fast-Coating Process Based on Elongated Rodlike Preaggregate for Highly Oriented Thin Film of Donor-Acceptor π-Conjugated Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50112-50119. [PMID: 36283002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A fast meniscus-guided coating for ultrahighly oriented thin films of a typical donor-acceptor π-conjugated polymer, poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)](PDPP-DTT) was realized. A coating speed higher than 100 mm/s, which was regarded as a Landau-Levich regime, was applicable. The 2D order parameter (S2) of the thin films changed by selecting the solvent and adjusting the initial concentration of the solution, and the large elongated rodlike preaggregates formed particularly in chlorobenzene contributed to the high orientation in the solid film state, resulting in the highest value of S2 = 0.87. Focused on the PDPP-DTT preaggregate formation in the solution, the SAXS analysis was carried out to investigate the shape and size of the preaggregates. The mechanism of the molecular orientation was discussed by taking the preaggregates and the solution flow under the coating process into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Minowa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Yabuuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo171-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagamatsu
- Department of Physics and Information Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka820-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiko Fujii
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanori Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pecorario S, Royakkers J, Scaccabarozzi AD, Pallini F, Beverina L, Bronstein H, Caironi M. Effects of Molecular Encapsulation on the Photophysical and Charge Transport Properties of a Naphthalene Diimide Bithiophene Copolymer. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:8324-8335. [PMID: 36186667 PMCID: PMC9520976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the molecular structure of conjugated polymers is key to advancing the field of organic electronics. In this work, we synthesized a molecularly encapsulated version of the naphthalene diimide bithiophene copolymer PNDIT2, which is among the most popular high charge mobility organic semiconductors in n-type field-effect transistors and non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaic blends. The encapsulating macrocycles shield the bithiophene units while leaving the naphthalene diimide units available for intermolecular interactions. With respect to PNDIT2, the encapsulated counterpart displays an increased backbone planarity. Molecular encapsulation prevents preaggregation of the polymer chains in common organic solvents, while it permits π-stacking in the solid state and promotes thin film crystallinity through an intermolecular-lock mechanism. Consequently, n-type semiconducting behavior is retained in field-effect transistors, although charge mobility is lower than in PNDIT2 due to the absence of the fibrillar microstructure that originates from preaggregation in solution. Hence, molecularly encapsulating conjugated polymers represent a promising chemical strategy to tune the molecular interaction in solution and the backbone conformation and to consequently control the nanomorphology of casted films without altering the electronic structure of the core polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pecorario
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
- Department
of Energy, Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory—NanoLab, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Jeroen Royakkers
- Sensor
Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Pallini
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu Z, Park KS, Kwok JJ, Lin O, Patel BB, Kafle P, Davies DW, Chen Q, Diao Y. Not All Aggregates Are Made the Same: Distinct Structures of Solution Aggregates Drastically Modulate Assembly Pathways, Morphology, and Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203055. [PMID: 35724384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tuning structures of solution-state aggregation and aggregation-mediated assembly pathways of conjugated polymers is crucial for optimizing their solid-state morphology and charge-transport property. However, it remains challenging to unravel and control the exact structures of solution aggregates, let alone to modulate assembly pathways in a controlled fashion. Herein, aggregate structures of an isoindigo-bithiophene-based polymer (PII-2T) are modulated by tuning selectivity of the solvent toward the side chain versus the backbone, which leads to three distinct assembly pathways: direct crystallization from side-chain-associated amorphous aggregates, chiral liquid crystal (LC)-mediated assembly from semicrystalline aggregates with side-chain and backbone stacking, and random agglomeration from backbone-stacked semicrystalline aggregates. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the amorphous solution aggregates, compared with semicrystalline ones, lead to significantly improved alignment and reduced paracrystalline disorder in the solid state due to direct crystallization during the meniscus-guided coating process. Alignment quantified by the dichroic ratio is enhanced by up to 14-fold, and the charge-carrier mobility increases by a maximum of 20-fold in films printed from amorphous aggregates compared to those from semicrystalline aggregates. This work shows that by tuning the precise structure of solution aggregates, the assembly pathways and the resulting thin-film morphology and device properties can be drastically tuned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin J Kwok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Oliver Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bijal B Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Daniel W Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, MC-230, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, MC-230, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen J, Yang J, Guo Y, Liu Y. Acceptor Modulation Strategies for Improving the Electron Transport in High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104325. [PMID: 34605074 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance ambipolar and electronic type semiconducting polymers are essential for fabricating various organic optoelectronic devices and complementary circuits. This review summarizes the strategies of improving the electron transport of semiconducting polymers via acceptor modulation strategies, which include the use of single, dual, triple, multiple, and all acceptors as well as the fusion of multiple identical acceptors to obtain new heterocyclic acceptors. To further improve the electron transport of semiconducting polymers, the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups can enhance the electron-withdrawing ability of donors and acceptors, thereby facilitating electron injection and suppressing hole accumulation. In addition, the relationships between the molecular structure, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, thin film morphology, microstructure, processing conditions, and device performances are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges encountered in this research area are proposed and the future outlook is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang S, Zuo G, Kim J, Sirringhaus H. Progress of Conjugated Polymers as Emerging Thermoelectric Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Memon WA, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yan Y, Wang Y, Wei Z. Alignment of organic conjugated molecules for high-performance device applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100931. [PMID: 35338681 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High-performance organic semiconductor materials as the electroactive components of optoelectronic devices have attracted much attention and made them ideal candidates for solution-processable, large-area, and low-cost flexible electronics. Especially, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on conjugated semiconductor materials have experienced stunning progress in device performance. To make these materials economically viable, comprehensive knowledge of charge transport mechanisms is required. The alignment of organic conjugated molecules in the active layer is vital to charge transport properties of devices. The present review highlights the recent progress of processing-structure-transport correlations that allow the precise and uniform alignment of organic conjugated molecules over large areas for multiple electronic applications, including OFETs, organic thermoelectric devices (OTEs), and organic phototransistors (OPTs). Different strategies for regulating crystallinity and macroscopic orientation of conjugated molecules are introduced to correlate the molecular packing, the device performance and charge transport anisotropy in multiple organic electronic devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali Memon
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yangjun Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang S, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yu X, Tian H, Han Y. Increasing the Charge Transport of P(NDI2OD-T2) by Improving the Polarization of the NDI2OD Unit along the Backbone Direction and Preaggregation via H-Bonding. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Printing technology promises a viable solution for the low-cost, rapid, flexible, and mass fabrication of biosensors. Among the vast number of printing techniques, screen printing and inkjet printing have been widely adopted for the fabrication of biosensors. Screen printing provides ease of operation and rapid processing; however, it is bound by the effects of viscous inks, high material waste, and the requirement for masks, to name a few. Inkjet printing, on the other hand, is well suited for mass fabrication that takes advantage of computer-aided design software for pattern modifications. Furthermore, being drop-on-demand, it prevents precious material waste and offers high-resolution patterning. To exploit the features of inkjet printing technology, scientists have been keen to use it for the development of biosensors since 1988. A vast number of fully and partially inkjet-printed biosensors have been developed ever since. This study presents a short introduction on the printing technology used for biosensor fabrication in general, and a brief review of the recent reports related to virus, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic biosensor fabrication, via inkjet printing technology in particular.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Z, Gao M, He C, Shi W, Deng Y, Han Y, Ye L, Geng Y. Unraveling the Molar Mass Dependence of Shearing-Induced Aggregation Structure of a High-Mobility Polymer Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108255. [PMID: 34850998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-structure formation of conjugated polymers is a fundamental problem in the field of organic electronics and remains poorly understood. Herein, the molar mass dependence of the aggregation structure of a high-mobility conjugated copolymer (TDPP-Se) comprising thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole and selenophene is thoroughly shown. Five batches of TDPP-Se are prepared with the number-average molecular weights (Mn ) varied greatly from 21 to 135 kg mol-1 . Small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy are combined to probe the solution structure of these polymers, consistently using a deuterated solvent. All the polymers adopt 1D rod-like aggregation structures and the radius of the 1D rods is not sensitive to the Mn , while the length increases monotonically with Mn . By utilizing the ordered packing of the aggregated structure in solution, a highly aligned and ordered film is prepared and, thereafter, a reliable hole mobility of 13.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 is realized in organic thin-film transistors with the moderate Mn batch via bar coating. The hole mobility is among the highest values reported for diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers. This work paves the way to visualize the real aggregated structure of polymer semiconductors in solution and sheds light on the microstructure control of high-performance electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyong He
- China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Weichao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sakata T, Saitow KI. 4D Microspectroscopy Explores Orientation and Aggregations in π-Conjugated Polymer Films Prepared by Brush Printing. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:653-660. [PMID: 35023754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of polymers improves their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, but aggregates alter these properties. Unfortunately, there is no definitive way to control aggregates and quantify orientations by distinguishing between polymer chains and aggregates. Herein, we show 4D microspectroscopy to examine brush-printed oriented films of π-conjugated polymers. Three-dimensional (x-y-z) and 1D (photon energy) components based on polarized-fluorescence spectra and film thickness at identical positions were measured. Stochastic analysis of 4D data for a brush-printed OLED film (30 × 30 μm2, 900 pixels) distinguished orientations of polymer chains and their aggregates with a 1 μm x-y resolution and a z-range of 20-1800 nm. Polymer chains in thin regions (t < 50 nm) were oriented parallel to the brush-printing direction, whereas aggregates were oriented perpendicularly in thicker regions (t > 1000 nm). This difference was attributed to shear stress, uneven thickness, and capillary forces. The generality of the 4D method was also examined using conventional drop casting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Sakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Saitow
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin SM, Hwang JH, Lim JA, Lee E. Precrystalline P3HT nanowires: growth-controllable solution processing and effective molecular packing transfer to thin-film. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solution-processable precrystalline nanowires (NWs) of conjugated polymers (CPs) have garnered significant attention in fundamental research based on crystallization-driven self-assembly and in the roll-to-roll fabrication of optoelectronic devices such as organic...
Collapse
|
24
|
Han MJ, Yun HS, Cho Y, Kim M, Yang C, Tsukruk VV, Yoon DK. Chiral Optoelectronic Functionalities via DNA-Organic Semiconductor Complex. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20353-20363. [PMID: 34874717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate the bio-organic field-effect transistor (BOFET) with the DNA-perylene diimide (PDI) complex, which shows unusual chiroptical and electrical functionalities. DNA is used as the chirality-inducing scaffold and the charge-injection layer. The shear-oriented film of the DNA-PDI complex shows how the large-area periodic molecular orientation and the charge transport are related, generating drastically different optoelectronic properties at each DNA/PDI concentration. The resultant BOFET reveals chiral structures with a high charge carrier mobility, photoresponsivity, and photosensitivity, reaching 3.97 cm2 V-1 s-1, 1.18 A W-1, and 7.76 × 103, respectively. Interestingly, the BOFET enables the definitive response under the handedness of circularly polarized light with a high dissymmetry factor of approximately +0.14. This work highlights the natural chirality and anisotropy of DNA material and the electron conductivity of organic semiconducting molecules to be mutually used in significant chiro-optoelectronic functions as an added ability to the traditional OFET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jong Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hee Seong Yun
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tang L, Watts B, Thomsen L, McNeill CR. Morphology and Charge Transport Properties of P(NDI2OD-T2)/Polystyrene Blends. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin Watts
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao K, Zhang T, Zhang L, Li J, Li H, Wu F, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Han Y. Role of Molecular Weight in Microstructural Transition and Its Correlation to the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of P(NDI2OD-T2) Thin Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Koklu A, Ohayon D, Wustoni S, Druet V, Saleh A, Inal S. Organic Bioelectronic Devices for Metabolite Sensing. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4581-4635. [PMID: 34610244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical detection of metabolites is essential for early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of a variety of health conditions. This review focuses on organic electronic material-based metabolite sensors and highlights their potential to tackle critical challenges associated with metabolite detection. We provide an overview of the distinct classes of organic electronic materials and biorecognition units used in metabolite sensors, explain the different detection strategies developed to date, and identify the advantages and drawbacks of each technology. We then benchmark state-of-the-art organic electronic metabolite sensors by categorizing them based on their application area (in vitro, body-interfaced, in vivo, and cell-interfaced). Finally, we share our perspective on using organic bioelectronic materials for metabolite sensing and address the current challenges for the devices and progress to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Koklu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Ohayon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shofarul Wustoni
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victor Druet
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Saleh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahika Inal
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu X, Yan Y, Zhang Q, Zhao K, Han Y. n-Type D-A Conjugated Polymers: Relationship Between Microstructure and Electrical/Mechanical Performance. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Pandey M, Syafutra H, Kumari N, Pandey SS, Abe R, Benten H, Nakamura M. Extreme Orientational Uniformity in Large-Area Floating Films of Semiconducting Polymers for Their Application in Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38534-38543. [PMID: 34357757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer fabrication of uniformly oriented thin films over large areas by cost-effective solution-based approaches can open new horizons for the realization of high-performance organic circuits in various applications. In this work, fabrication of a large-area ≈40 cm2 film with uniform orientation is reported for poly(3,3‴-dialkylquaterthiophene) (PQT) using a unidirectional floating film transfer method (UFTM). Orientation characteristics and charge transport anisotropy were analyzed using polarized UV-vis spectral mapping and fabrication of bottom-gated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) from different regions. Films were found to be highly oriented with an optical dichroic ratio of ca. 15. Orientation characteristics reveal that films were highly oriented along the width of the film, covering >70% of the area, and angle-dependent field-effect mobilities are in good agreement with the orientation of the polymer backbones. These highly oriented films resulted in charge transport anisotropy of 8.9. An array of bottom-gated OFETs fabricated along the length of single large-area (≈15 × 2.5 cm2) thin film demonstrated the average field-effect mobility of 0.0262 cm2/(V s) with a very narrow standard deviation of 12.6%. We also demonstrated that film thickness can be easily tuned from 5.6 to 45 nm by increasing the PQT concentration, and field-effect mobility is highly reproducible even when the film thickness is 10 nm. Microstructural characterization of the thus-prepared large-area thin films revealed the edge-on stacked polymer backbones and surface roughness of <1 nm as probed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Flexible OFETs with bottom-gate top-contact geometry were also fabricated, having average field-effect mobility of 0.0181 cm2/(V s). There was no considerable change in mobility after bending the flexible devices at different radii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pandey
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma-shi 630-0196 Japan
| | - Heriyanto Syafutra
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma-shi 630-0196 Japan
| | - Nikita Kumari
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma-shi 630-0196 Japan
- Green Electronics Division, Graduate School of LSSE, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi 8080196 Japan
| | - Shyam S Pandey
- Green Electronics Division, Graduate School of LSSE, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi 8080196 Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma-shi 630-0196 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Benten
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma-shi 630-0196 Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakamura
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma-shi 630-0196 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang J, Jiang Y, Zhao Z, Yang X, Zhang Z, Chen J, Li J, Shi W, Wang S, Guo Y, Liu Y. A nonchlorinated solvent-processed polymer semiconductor for high-performance ambipolar transistors. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab145. [PMID: 35475218 PMCID: PMC9031015 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambipolar polymer semiconductors are potentially serviceable for logic circuits, light-emitting field-effect transistors (LFETs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs). Although several high-performance ambipolar polymers have been developed, their optoelectronic devices are generally processed from toxic chlorinated solvents. To achieve the commercial applications of organic FETs (OFETs), the polymers should be processed from nonchlorinated solvents, instead of chlorinated solvents. However, most conjugated polymers show poor solubility in nonchlorinated solvents. It is of great importance to develop ambipolar polymers that can be processed from nonchlorinated solvents. Here, we develop a nonchlorinated solvent processed polymer named poly[7-fluoro-N, N′-di(4-decyltetradecyl)-7′-azaisoindigo-6′,6″-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)-7‴-fluoro-N″, N‴-di(4-decyltetradecyl)-7″-azaisoindigo-6,6‴-([2,2″-bithiophene]-5,5″-diyl)] (PITTI-BT) by designing a monomer with a large molar mass. The polymer displays good solubility in p-xylene (PX). Well-aligned films of PITTI-BT are achieved by an off-center spin-coating (SC) method. Based on the high-quality films, the OFETs fabricated from PX solution achieve record ambipolar performance with hole and electron mobilities of 3.06 and 2.81 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The combination of nonchlorinated solvents and good alignment process offers an effective and eco-friendly approach to obtain high-performance ambipolar transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaqian Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zheye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Griggs S, Marks A, Bristow H, McCulloch I. n-Type organic semiconducting polymers: stability limitations, design considerations and applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:8099-8128. [PMID: 34277009 PMCID: PMC8264852 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc02048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines the design strategies which aim to develop high performing n-type materials in the fields of organic thin film transistors (OTFT), organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) and organic thermoelectrics (OTE). Figures of merit for each application and the limitations in obtaining these are set out, and the challenges with achieving consistent and comparable measurements are addressed. We present a thorough discussion of the limitations of n-type materials, particularly their ambient operational instability, and suggest synthetic methods to overcome these. This instability originates from the oxidation of the negative polaron of the organic semiconductor (OSC) by water and oxygen, the potentials of which commonly fall within the electrochemical window of n-type OSCs, and consequently require a LUMO level deeper than ∼-4 eV for a material with ambient stability. Recent high performing n-type materials are detailed for each application and their design principles are discussed to explain how synthetic modifications can enhance performance. This can be achieved through a number of strategies, including utilising an electron deficient acceptor-acceptor backbone repeat unit motif, introducing electron-withdrawing groups or heteroatoms, rigidification and planarisation of the polymer backbone and through increasing the conjugation length. By studying the fundamental synthetic design principles which have been employed to date, this review highlights a path to the development of promising polymers for n-type OSC applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Adam Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ding L, Wang ZY, Yao ZF, Liu NF, Wang XY, Zhou YY, Luo L, Shen Z, Wang JY, Pei J. Controllable Transformation between the Kinetically and Thermodynamically Stable Aggregates in a Solution of Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nai-Fu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longfei Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li M, Wang J, Xu W, Li L, Pisula W, Janssen RA, Liu M. Noncovalent semiconducting polymer monolayers for high-performance field-effect transistors. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Jiang Y, Ning L, Liu C, Sun Y, Li J, Liu Z, Yi Y, Qiu D, He C, Guo Y, Hu W, Liu Y. Alignment of linear polymeric grains for highly stable N-type thin-film transistors. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Li S, Li J, Chun Y, Shrestha PK, Chang X, Pivnenko M, Chu D. Variety of Ordered Patterns in Donor-Acceptor Polymer Semiconductor Films Crystallized from Solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19055-19063. [PMID: 33861560 PMCID: PMC8153537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A huge challenge is to control the nucleation of crystallites/aggregates in the solution during polymer film formation to generate desired structures. In this work, we investigate crystallization of P(NDI2OD-T2), a donor-acceptor polymer semiconductor, with controlled solution flow along the contact line between the drying film and solution through a seesaw-like pivoting of samples during polymer drying. By controlling the pivoting frequency/amplitude, various types of line patterns can be observed: (I) an array of fishbone-like stripes oriented in the film-growth direction; (II) the pinning-depinning of contact line (PDCL)-mechanism-defined patterned wires along the contact line; and (III) periodic twined crystalline line pattern oriented in the direction of the contact line. The rich variety of pattern formation observed is attributed to the distinctiveness of the donor-acceptor conjugated polymer structure. The result measured from thin-film transistors made of the generated films/structures showed that the charge mobility of P(NDI2OD-T2) does not change much with the film morphology, which supports recent controversy over the charge-transportation mechanism of some donor-acceptor polymer semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunpu Li
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- College
of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen
Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jin Li
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Youngtea Chun
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- Department
of Electronic Material Engineering, Korea
Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South
Korea
| | - Pawan K. Shrestha
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Chang
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Pivnenko
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Daping Chu
- Centre
for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University
of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Freychet G, Gann E, Zhernenkov M, McNeill CR. Anisotropic Resonant X-ray Diffraction of a Conjugated Polymer at the Sulfur K-Edge. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3762-3766. [PMID: 33844538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The planar, aromatic nature of the backbone of conjugated polymers endows them with anisotropic properties. Here we show that the resonant X-ray diffraction of a sulfur-containing semicrystalline conjugated polymer at the sulfur K-edge is highly anisotropic, with strong modulation of diffracted intensity depending upon the relative orientation of the polarization of the incident beam with respect to the diffracting crystal planes. Through determination of the anisotropic resonant scattering factors, we can spectroscopically reproduce the observed resonant anisotropic scattering effects based on a proposed unit cell geometry for the polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Freychet
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eliot Gann
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yao ZF, Zheng YQ, Dou JH, Lu Y, Ding YF, Ding L, Wang JY, Pei J. Approaching Crystal Structure and High Electron Mobility in Conjugated Polymer Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006794. [PMID: 33501736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers usually form crystallized and amorphous regions in the solid state simultaneously, making it difficult to accurately determine their precise microstructures. The lack of multiscale microstructures of conjugated polymers limits the fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationships in polymer-based optoelectronic devices. Here, crystals of two typical conjugated polymers based on four-fluorinated benzodifurandione-based oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (F4 BDOPV) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) motifs, respectively, are obtained by a controlled self-assembly process. The strong diffractivity of the polymer crystals brings an opportunity to determine the crystal structures by combining X-ray techniques and molecular simulations. The precise polymer packing structures are useful as initial models to evaluate the charge transport properties in the ordered and disordered phases. Compared to the spin-coated thin films, the highly oriented polymer chains in crystals endow higher mobilities with a lower hopping energy barrier. Microwire crystal transistors of F4 BDOPV- and NDI-based polymers exhibit high electron mobilities of up to 5.58 and 2.56 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively, which are among the highest values in polymer crystals. This work presents a simple method to obtain polymer crystals and their precise microstructures, promoting a deep understanding of molecular packing and charge transport for conjugated polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Perinot A, Giorgio M, Mattoli V, Natali D, Caironi M. Organic Electronics Picks Up the Pace: Mask-Less, Solution Processed Organic Transistors Operating at 160 MHz. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001098. [PMID: 33643784 PMCID: PMC7887599 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic printed electronics has proven its potential as an essential enabler for applications related to healthcare, entertainment, energy, and distributed intelligent objects. The possibility of exploiting solution-based and direct-writing production schemes further boosts the benefits offered by such technology, facilitating the implementation of cheap, conformable, bio-compatible electronic applications. The result shown in this work challenges the widespread assumption that such class of electronic devices is relegated to low-frequency operation, owing to the limited charge mobility of the materials and to the low spatial resolution achievable with conventional printing techniques. Here, it is shown that solution-processed and direct-written organic field-effect transistors can be carefully designed and fabricated so to achieve a maximum transition frequency of 160 MHz, unlocking an operational range that was not available before for organics. Such range was believed to be only accessible with more performing classes of semiconductor materials and/or more expensive fabrication schemes. The present achievement opens a route for cost- and energy-efficient manufacturability of flexible and conformable electronics with wireless-communication capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perinot
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMiIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilan20133Italy
| | - Michele Giorgio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMiIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilan20133Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Micro‐BioRoboticsIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaPontedera56025Italy
| | - Dario Natali
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMiIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilan20133Italy
- Department of ElectronicsInformation and BioengineeringPolitecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMiIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilan20133Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhuang W, Wang S, Tao Q, Ma W, Berggren M, Fabiano S, Zhu W, Wang E. Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers with and without Ring-Fusion. Macromolecules 2021; 54:970-980. [PMID: 33603251 PMCID: PMC7880567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Diketopyrrolopyrroles
(DPP) have been recognized as a promising
acceptor unit for construction of semiconducting donor–acceptor
(D–A) polymers, which are typically flanked by spacers such
as thiophene rings via a carbon–carbon single
bond formation. It may suffer from a decrease in the coplanarity of
the molecules especially when bulky side chains are installed. In
this work, the two N atoms in the DPP unit are further fused with
C-3 of the two flanking thiophene rings, yielding a π-expanded,
very planar fused-ring building block (DPPFu). A novel DPPFu-based
D–A copolymer (PBDTT-DPPFu) was successfully synthesized, consisting
of a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene
(BDTT) unit as a donor and a DPPFu unit as an acceptor. For comparison,
the unfused DPP-based counterpart PBDTT-DPP was also synthesized.
Two dodecyl alkyl chains were attached to thiophene rings of DPP moieties
to ensure good solubility of the DPPFu-based polymer. The influence
of the ring-fusion effect on their structure, photophysical properties,
electronic properties, molecular packing, and charge transport properties
is investigated. Ring-fusion enhances the intermolecular interactions
of PBDTT-DPPFu polymer chains as indicated by density functional theory
calculation and analysis of electrostatic potential and van der Waals
potential and results in significantly improved molecular packing
for both the in-plane and out-of-plane directions as suggested by
X-ray measurements. Finally, we correlate the molecular packing to
the device performance by fabricating field-effect transistors based
on these two polymers. The charge carrier mobility of the ring-fused
polymer PBDTT-DPPFu is significantly higher as compared to the PBDTT-DPP
polymer without ring-fusion, although PBDTT-DPPFu exhibited a much
lower number-average molecular weight of 17 kDa as compared to PBDTT-DPP
with a molecular weight of 108 kDa. The results from our comparative
study provide a robust way to increase the interchain interaction
by ring-fusion-promoted coplanarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliu Zhuang
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510300, China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Suhao Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Qiang Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zheng Y, Li J, Ji D, Dong H, Li L, Fuchs H, Hu W. Copper Tetracyanoquinodimethane: From Micro/Nanostructures to Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004143. [PMID: 33301234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) has been investigated around 40 years as a representative bistable material. Meanwhile, micro/nanostructures of CuTCNQ is considered as the prototype of molecular electronics, which have attracted the world's attention and shown great potential applications in nanoelectronics. In this review, methods for synthesis of CuTCNQ micro/nanostructures are first summarized briefly. Then, the strategies for controlling morphologies and sizes of CuTCNQ micro/nanostructures are highlighted. Afterwards, the devices based on these micro/nanostructures are reviewed. Finally, an outlook of future research directions and challenges in this area is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster, 48149, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kumari N, Pandey M, Syafutra H, Nagamatsu S, Nakamura M, Pandey SS. Solvent-Assisted Friction Transfer Method for Fabricating Large-Area Thin Films of Semiconducting Polymers with Edge-On Oriented Extended Backbones. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55033-55043. [PMID: 33233883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent past has witnessed huge scientific efforts aiming toward enhancing in-plane charge transport by unidirectional orientation of conjugated polymer (CP) backbones adopting various techniques. However, in most of the existing methods, excess amounts of toxic halogenated solvents and preaggregation in solution are inevitable, which are the main bottlenecks toward large-scale fabrication. Solvent-assisted friction transfer (SAFT) is being reported as a novel method and improvisation over conventional friction transfer to expand its versatility. In this method, application of a small amount of the solvent (∼3 μL) during drawing not only leads to the entirely changed film morphology and molecular orientation but also addresses the existing substrate compatibility issues. Utilizing poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]-thiophene] as a representative CP under SAFT technique, films with extended backbone and edge-on orientation was successfully fabricated, which was confirmed by various characterization tools such as X-ray diffraction, polarized absorption, and polarized Raman spectroscopies. Further, anisotropic charge transport in these films was investigated by fabricating organic field-effect transistors and the role of contact resistance was also studied. Slight solvent use, compatibility with various substrates, and film fabrication with controlled orientation, and after validation of its generality on different CPs, SAFT can be expected to open new avenues in the area of printed electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kumari
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080196, Japan
| | - Manish Pandey
- Laboratory for Organic Electronics, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Heriyanto Syafutra
- Laboratory for Organic Electronics, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagamatsu
- Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 80-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakamura
- Laboratory for Organic Electronics, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shyam S Pandey
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080196, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang S, Ruoko TP, Wang G, Riera-Galindo S, Hultmark S, Puttisong Y, Moro F, Yan H, Chen WM, Berggren M, Müller C, Fabiano S. Sequential Doping of Ladder-Type Conjugated Polymers for Thermally Stable n-Type Organic Conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53003-53011. [PMID: 33179508 PMCID: PMC7735673 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Doping of organic semiconductors is a powerful tool to optimize the performance of various organic (opto)electronic and bioelectronic devices. Despite recent advances, the low thermal stability of the electronic properties of doped polymers still represents a significant obstacle to implementing these materials into practical applications. Hence, the development of conducting doped polymers with excellent long-term stability at elevated temperatures is highly desirable. Here, we report on the sequential doping of the ladder-type polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) with a benzimidazole-based dopant (i.e., N-DMBI). By combining electrical, UV-vis/infrared, X-ray diffraction, and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, we quantitatively characterized the conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, spin density, and microstructure of the sequentially doped polymer films as a function of the thermal annealing temperature. Importantly, we observed that the electrical conductivity of N-DMBI-doped BBL remains unchanged even after 20 h of heating at 190 °C. This finding is remarkable and of particular interest for organic thermoelectrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Wang
- Laboratory of Organic
Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tero-Petri Ruoko
- Laboratory of Organic
Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Gang Wang
- Laboratory of Organic
Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sergi Riera-Galindo
- Laboratory of Organic
Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sandra Hultmark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Yuttapoom Puttisong
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fabrizio Moro
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hongping Yan
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, 94025 California, United States
| | - Weimin M. Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic
Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic
Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Han MJ, Kim J, Kim B, Park SM, Ahn H, Shin TJ, Kim B, Kim H, Yoon DK. Orientation Control of Semiconducting Polymers Using Microchannel Molds. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12951-12961. [PMID: 33064002 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The molecular orientation of organic semiconductors (OSCs) is of fundamental importance to anisotropic electrical behavior as well as superior properties in practical applications. Here, a simple and effective method is demonstrated to fabricate highly oriented semiconducting polymers, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)), by mass transfer effect under microchannel molds by diffusion and convection. Furthermore, parallel or perpendicular molecular arrangements relative to the channel direction were achieved by varying the widths of the microchannels, which are directly observed using polarized optical microscopy and two-dimensional grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction experiments. The method could enable the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors that exhibit anisotropic electrical properties indicating inter- or intrachain charge transport. The resulting platform will provide a simple approach for multidirectional orientations of anisotropic OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jong Han
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang HR, Pai CW, Sun HS, Wu C, Lai YY, Haw SC, Lee JJ, Chen JM. Establishment of the Interconnectivity among P(NDI2OD-T2)s in Organic Field-Effect Transistors by Non-Conjugated Crystalline Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Ren Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Pai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cuo Wu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chih Haw
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jey-Jau Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sakata T, Kajiya D, Saitow KI. Brush Printing Creates Polarized Green Fluorescence: 3D Orientation Mapping and Stochastic Analysis of Conductive Polymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46598-46608. [PMID: 32985860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brush printing is a unique method used to obtain uniaxially oriented films, whereby a polymer solution is brushed onto a substrate. However, there have been only a few reports on the brush-printing method. Here, we report the preparation of a uniaxially oriented film of a green light-emitting conductive polymer, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT). The fluorescence polarization ratio of the oriented F8BT films was as high as 11.3, and the average orientation factor reached 0.74 ± 0.06. The orientation factor and the torsion angle of F8BT were visualized by two mappings of fluorescence and Raman spectral measurements by confocal spectromicroscopy, respectively. These two x-y mapping data with many pixels (∼750 pixels) were evaluated by x-y-z mapping of the film thickness at a single position and were used to reveal the three-dimensional (3D) orientation mechanism from a stochastic approach. Polarized green fluorescence originates from polymer chains uniaxially oriented along the brush direction. The high orientation for a film thickness < 100 nm is established by shear stress, faster capillary flow, and flow-induced chain extension for a thin solution film on a substrate. The high orientation factor was also demonstrated by a high brushing speed, whereas an optimized brushing speed existed. We found that this optimization is attributed to the property of a non-Newtonian fluid. By applying this brush-printing method to the fabrication of an optoelectrical device, polarized green electroluminescence was preliminarily demonstrated by the OLED assembled from an oriented F8BT film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Kajiya
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Saitow
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim YJ, Lee S, Niazi MR, Hwang K, Tang MC, Lim DH, Kang JS, Smilgies DM, Amassian A, Kim DY. Systematic Study on the Morphological Development of Blade-Coated Conjugated Polymer Thin Films via In Situ Measurements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36417-36427. [PMID: 32631042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of conjugated polymer thin films, determined by the kinetics of film drying, is closely correlated with their electrical properties. Herein, we focused on dramatic changes in the thin-film morphology of blade-coated poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} caused by the effect of solvent and coating temperature. Through in situ measurements, the evolution of polymer aggregates and crystallites, which plays a decisive role in the formation of the charge-transport pathway, was observed in real time. By combining in situ ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis, we could identify five distinct stages during the blade-coating process; these stages were observed irrespective of the solvent and coating temperature used. The five stages are described in detail with a proposed model of film formation. This insight is an important step in understanding the relationship between the morphology of thin polymer films and their charge-transport properties as well as in optimizing the structural evolution of thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Lee
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad R Niazi
- KAUST Solar Ceneter (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kyoungtae Hwang
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Chun Tang
- KAUST Solar Ceneter (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dae-Hee Lim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sue Kang
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- KAUST Solar Ceneter (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Viola FA, Brigante B, Colpani P, Dell'Erba G, Mattoli V, Natali D, Caironi M. A 13.56 MHz Rectifier Based on Fully Inkjet Printed Organic Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002329. [PMID: 32648300 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing diffusion of portable and wearable technologies results in a growing interest in electronic devices having features such as flexibility, lightness-in-weight, transparency, and wireless operation. Organic electronics is proposed as a potential candidate to fulfill such needs, in particular targeting pervasive radio-frequency (RF) applications. Still, limitations in terms of device performances at RF, particularly severe when large-area and scalable fabrication techniques are employed, have largely precluded the achievement of such an appealing scenario. In this work, the rectification of an electromagnetic wave at 13.56 MHz with a fully inkjet printed polymer diode is demonstrated. The rectifier, a key enabling component of future pervasive wireless systems, is fabricated through scalable large-area methods on plastic. To provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of its future applicability, its adoption in powering a printed integrated polymer circuit is presented. The possibility of harvesting electrical power from RF waves and delivering it to a cheap flexible substrate through a simple printed circuitry paves the way to a plethora of appealing distributed electronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio A Viola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Biagio Brigante
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Colpani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Giorgio Dell'Erba
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 50125, Italy
| | - Dario Natali
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xiao M, Kang B, Lee SB, Perdigão LMA, Luci A, Warr DA, Senanayak SP, Nikolka M, Statz M, Wu Y, Sadhanala A, Schott S, Carey R, Wang Q, Lee M, Kim C, Onwubiko A, Jellett C, Liao H, Yue W, Cho K, Costantini G, McCulloch I, Sirringhaus H. Anisotropy of Charge Transport in a Uniaxially Aligned Fused Electron-Deficient Polymer Processed by Solution Shear Coating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000063. [PMID: 32363687 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the microstructure in organic semiconductors (OSCs) is essential for developing high-performance organic electronic devices. Here, a comprehensive charge transport characterization of two recently reported rigid-rod conjugated polymers that do not contain single bonds in the main chain is reported. It is demonstrated that the molecular design of the polymer makes it possible to achieve an extended linear backbone structure, which can be directly visualized by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The rigid structure of the polymers allows the formation of thin films with uniaxially aligned polymer chains by using a simple one-step solution-shear/bar coating technique. These aligned films show a high optical anisotropy with a dichroic ratio of up to a factor of 6. Transport measurements performed using top-gate bottom-contact field-effect transistors exhibit a high saturation electron mobility of 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 along the alignment direction, which is more than six times higher than the value reported in the previous work. This work demonstrates that this new class of polymers is able to achieve mobility values comparable to state-of-the-art n-type polymers and identifies an effective processing strategy for this class of rigid-rod polymer system to optimize their charge transport properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Xiao
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Boseok Kang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Baek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Luís M A Perdigão
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alex Luci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel A Warr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Mark Nikolka
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Martin Statz
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yutian Wu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sam Schott
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Remington Carey
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qijing Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mijung Lee
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ada Onwubiko
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cameron Jellett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hailiang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wan Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- KSC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun H, Guo X, Facchetti A. High-Performance n-Type Polymer Semiconductors: Applications, Recent Development, and Challenges. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Okamoto T, Kumagai S, Fukuzaki E, Ishii H, Watanabe G, Niitsu N, Annaka T, Yamagishi M, Tani Y, Sugiura H, Watanabe T, Watanabe S, Takeya J. Robust, high-performance n-type organic semiconductors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0632. [PMID: 32494668 PMCID: PMC7195148 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are important active materials for the fabrication of next-generation organic-based electronics. However, the development of n-type OSCs lags behind that of p-type OSCs in terms of charge-carrier mobility and environmental stability. This is due to the absence of molecular designs that satisfy the requirements. The present study describes the design and synthesis of n-type OSCs based on challenging molecular features involving a π-electron core containing electronegative N atoms and substituents. The unique π-electron system simultaneously reinforces both electronic and structural interactions. The current n-type OSCs exhibit high electron mobilities with high reliability, atmospheric stability, and robustness against environmental and heat stresses and are superior to other existing n-type OSCs. This molecular design represents a rational strategy for the development of high-end organic-based electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Okamoto
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)–University of Tokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), AIST, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shohei Kumagai
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Eiji Fukuzaki
- Fujifilm Corp., 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishii
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Niitsu
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Annaka
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, 13 Hongo-machi, Toyama City, Toyama 939-8630, Japan
| | - Yukio Tani
- Fujifilm Corp., 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugiura
- Fujifilm Corp., 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Fujifilm Corp., 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)–University of Tokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), AIST, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)–University of Tokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), AIST, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 205-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|