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Hennocq Q, Paternoster G, Collet C, Amiel J, Bongibault T, Bouygues T, Cormier-Daire V, Douillet M, Dunaway DJ, Jeelani NO, van de Lande LS, Lyonnet S, Ong J, Picard A, Rickart AJ, Rio M, Schievano S, Arnaud E, Garcelon N, Khonsari RH. AI-based diagnosis and phenotype - Genotype correlations in syndromic craniosynostoses. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:1172-1187. [PMID: 39187417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Apert (AS), Crouzon (CS), Muenke (MS), Pfeiffer (PS), and Saethre Chotzen (SCS) are among the most frequently diagnosed syndromic craniosynostoses. The aims of this study were (1) to train an innovative model using artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods on two-dimensional facial frontal, lateral, and external ear photographs to assist diagnosis for syndromic craniosynostoses vs controls, and (2) to screen for genotype/phenotype correlations in AS, CS, and PS. We included retrospectively and prospectively, from 1979 to 2023, all frontal and lateral pictures of patients genetically diagnosed with AS, CS, MS, PS and SCS syndromes. After a deep learning-based preprocessing, we extracted geometric and textural features and used XGboost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) to classify patients. The model was tested on an independent international validation set of genetically confirmed patients and non-syndromic controls. Between 1979 and 2023, we included 2228 frontal and lateral facial photographs corresponding to 541 patients. In all, 70.2% [0.593-0.797] (p < 0.001) of patients in the validation set were correctly diagnosed. Genotypes linked to a splice donor site of FGFR2 in Crouzon-Pfeiffer syndrome (CPS) caused a milder phenotype in CPS. Here we report a new method for the automatic detection of syndromic craniosynostoses using AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Hennocq
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Département de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et chirurgie plastique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France; Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Giovanna Paternoster
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Département de neurochirurgie, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- Département de génétique moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bongibault
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bouygues
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - David J Dunaway
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Nu Owase Jeelani
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Lara S van de Lande
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Juling Ong
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Arnaud Picard
- Département de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et chirurgie plastique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexander J Rickart
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Marlène Rio
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Schievano
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Eric Arnaud
- Département de neurochirurgie, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France; Clinique Marcel Sembat (Ramsay), Boulogne, France
| | | | - Roman H Khonsari
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France; Département de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et chirurgie plastique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France; Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département de neurochirurgie, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
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2
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Tu M, Ge B, Li J, Pan Y, Zhao B, Han J, Wu J, Zhang K, Liu G, Hou M, Yue M, Han X, Sun T, An Y. Emerging biological functions of Twist1 in cell differentiation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 39254141 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is required for embryonic development and expresses after birth in mesenchymal stem cells derived from mesoderm, where it governs mesenchymal cell development. As a well-known regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition or embryonic organogenesis, Twist1 is important in a variety of developmental systems, including mesoderm formation, neurogenesis, myogenesis, cranial neural crest cell migration, and differentiation. In this review, we first highlight the physiological significance of Twist1 in cell differentiation, including osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic differentiation, and then detail its probable molecular processes and signaling pathways. On this premise, we summarize the significance of Twist1 in distinct developmental disorders and diseases to provide a reference for studies on cell differentiation/development-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bingqian Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanbing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengwen Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Man Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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3
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Farmer DT, Dukov JE, Chen HJ, Arata C, Hernandez-Trejo J, Xu P, Teng CS, Maxson RE, Crump JG. Cellular transitions during cranial suture establishment in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6948. [PMID: 39138165 PMCID: PMC11322166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cranial sutures separate neighboring skull bones and are sites of bone growth. A key question is how osteogenic activity is controlled to promote bone growth while preventing aberrant bone fusions during skull expansion. Using single-cell transcriptomics, lineage tracing, and mutant analysis in zebrafish, we uncover key developmental transitions regulating bone formation at sutures during skull expansion. In particular, we identify a subpopulation of mesenchyme cells in the mid-suture region that upregulate a suite of genes including BMP antagonists (e.g. grem1a) and pro-angiogenic factors. Lineage tracing with grem1a:nlsEOS reveals that this mid-suture subpopulation is largely non-osteogenic. Moreover, combinatorial mutation of BMP antagonists enriched in this mid-suture subpopulation results in increased BMP signaling in the suture, misregulated bone formation, and abnormal suture morphology. These data reveal establishment of a non-osteogenic mesenchyme population in the mid-suture region that restricts bone formation through local BMP antagonism, thus ensuring proper suture morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Juan T Farmer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Dukov
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Claire Arata
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jose Hernandez-Trejo
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camilla S Teng
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Robert E Maxson
- Department of Biochemistry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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4
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Zeng T, Spence JP, Mostafavi H, Pritchard JK. Bayesian estimation of gene constraint from an evolutionary model with gene features. Nat Genet 2024:10.1038/s41588-024-01820-9. [PMID: 38977852 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Measures of selective constraint on genes have been used for many applications, including clinical interpretation of rare coding variants, disease gene discovery and studies of genome evolution. However, widely used metrics are severely underpowered at detecting constraints for the shortest ~25% of genes, potentially causing important pathogenic mutations to be overlooked. Here we developed a framework combining a population genetics model with machine learning on gene features to enable accurate inference of an interpretable constraint metric, shet. Our estimates outperform existing metrics for prioritizing genes important for cell essentiality, human disease and other phenotypes, especially for short genes. Our estimates of selective constraint should have wide utility for characterizing genes relevant to human disease. Finally, our inference framework, GeneBayes, provides a flexible platform that can improve the estimation of many gene-level properties, such as rare variant burden or gene expression differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Hakhamanesh Mostafavi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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Nicoletti P, Zafer S, Matok L, Irron I, Patrick M, Haklai R, Evangelista JE, Marino GB, Ma’ayan A, Sewda A, Holmes G, Britton SR, Lee WJ, Wu M, Ru Y, Arnaud E, Botto L, Brody LC, Byren JC, Caggana M, Carmichael SL, Cilliers D, Conway K, Crawford K, Cuellar A, Di Rocco F, Engel M, Fearon J, Feldkamp ML, Finnell R, Fisher S, Freudlsperger C, Garcia-Fructuoso G, Hagge R, Heuzé Y, Harshbarger RJ, Hobbs C, Howley M, Jenkins MM, Johnson D, Justice CM, Kane A, Kay D, Gosain AK, Langlois P, Legal-Mallet L, Lin AE, Mills JL, Morton JE, Noons P, Olshan A, Persing J, Phipps JM, Redett R, Reefhuis J, Rizk E, Samson TD, Shaw GM, Sicko R, Smith N, Staffenberg D, Stoler J, Sweeney E, Taub PJ, Timberlake AT, Topczewska J, Wall SA, Wilson AF, Wilson LC, Boyadjiev SA, Wilkie AO, Richtsmeier JT, Jabs EW, Romitti PA, Karasik D, Birnbaum RY, Peter I. Regulatory elements in SEM1-DLX5-DLX6 (7q21.3) locus contribute to genetic control of coronal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and bone density-related traits. GENETICS IN MEDICINE OPEN 2024; 2:101851. [PMID: 39345948 PMCID: PMC11434253 DOI: 10.1016/j.gimo.2024.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The etiopathogenesis of coronal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (cNCS), a congenital condition defined by premature fusion of 1 or both coronal sutures, remains largely unknown. Methods We conducted the largest genome-wide association study of cNCS followed by replication, fine mapping, and functional validation of the most significant region using zebrafish animal model. Results Genome-wide association study identified 6 independent genome-wide-significant risk alleles, 4 on chromosome 7q21.3 SEM1-DLX5-DLX6 locus, and their combination conferred over 7-fold increased risk of cNCS. The top variants were replicated in an independent cohort and showed pleiotropic effects on brain and facial morphology and bone mineral density. Fine mapping of 7q21.3 identified a craniofacial transcriptional enhancer (eDlx36) within the linkage region of the top variant (rs4727341; odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.48[0.39-0.59]; P = 1.2E-12) that was located in SEM1 intron and enriched in 4 rare risk variants. In zebrafish, the activity of the transfected human eDlx36 enhancer was observed in the frontonasal prominence and calvaria during skull development and was reduced when the 4 rare risk variants were introduced into the sequence. Conclusion Our findings support a polygenic nature of cNCS risk and functional role of craniofacial enhancers in cNCS susceptibility with potential broader implications for bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nicoletti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Samreen Zafer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Lital Matok
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Inbar Irron
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and The Center for Evolutionarily Genomics and Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Meidva Patrick
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and The Center for Evolutionarily Genomics and Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rotem Haklai
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and The Center for Evolutionarily Genomics and Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - John Erol Evangelista
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Giacomo B. Marino
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Avi Ma’ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anshuman Sewda
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sierra R. Britton
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University New York, NY
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ying Ru
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eric Arnaud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lawrence C. Brody
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jo C. Byren
- Craniofacial Unit, Department of Plastic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Caggana
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Suzan L. Carmichael
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Deirdre Cilliers
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Karen Crawford
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Araceli Cuellar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Federico Di Rocco
- Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Engel
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Fearon
- The Craniofacial Center, Medical City Children’s Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Marcia L. Feldkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah Fisher
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Christian Freudlsperger
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rhinda Hagge
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yann Heuzé
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
| | | | - Charlotte Hobbs
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | - Meredith Howley
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Mary M. Jenkins
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - David Johnson
- Craniofacial Unit, Department of Plastic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina M. Justice
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alex Kane
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Denise Kay
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Arun Kumar Gosain
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Peter Langlois
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Campus, Austin, TX
| | - Laurence Legal-Mallet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Angela E. Lin
- Medical Genetics, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James L. Mills
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jenny E.V. Morton
- Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Noons
- Birmingham Craniofacial Unit, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John Persing
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Julie M. Phipps
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Redett
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elias Rizk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Thomas D. Samson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert Sicko
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Neuroscience Institute, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - David Staffenberg
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Joan Stoler
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Sweeney
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women’s Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Taub
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Andrew T. Timberlake
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Jolanta Topczewska
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven A. Wall
- Craniofacial Unit, Department of Plastic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander F. Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Louise C. Wilson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew O.M. Wilkie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joan T. Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ramon Y. Birnbaum
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and The Center for Evolutionarily Genomics and Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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6
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Zeng T, Spence JP, Mostafavi H, Pritchard JK. Bayesian estimation of gene constraint from an evolutionary model with gene features. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.19.541520. [PMID: 37292653 PMCID: PMC10245655 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Measures of selective constraint on genes have been used for many applications including clinical interpretation of rare coding variants, disease gene discovery, and studies of genome evolution. However, widely-used metrics are severely underpowered at detecting constraint for the shortest ∼25% of genes, potentially causing important pathogenic mutations to be overlooked. We developed a framework combining a population genetics model with machine learning on gene features to enable accurate inference of an interpretable constraint metric, shet. Our estimates outperform existing metrics for prioritizing genes important for cell essentiality, human disease, and other phenotypes, especially for short genes. Our new estimates of selective constraint should have wide utility for characterizing genes relevant to human disease. Finally, our inference framework, GeneBayes, provides a flexible platform that can improve estimation of many gene-level properties, such as rare variant burden or gene expression differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford CA
| | | | | | - Jonathan K. Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford CA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford CA
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7
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Kim S, Morgunova E, Naqvi S, Goovaerts S, Bader M, Koska M, Popov A, Luong C, Pogson A, Swigut T, Claes P, Taipale J, Wysocka J. DNA-guided transcription factor cooperativity shapes face and limb mesenchyme. Cell 2024; 187:692-711.e26. [PMID: 38262408 PMCID: PMC10872279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) can define distinct cellular identities despite nearly identical DNA-binding specificities. One mechanism for achieving regulatory specificity is DNA-guided TF cooperativity. Although in vitro studies suggest that it may be common, examples of such cooperativity remain scarce in cellular contexts. Here, we demonstrate how "Coordinator," a long DNA motif composed of common motifs bound by many basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and homeodomain (HD) TFs, uniquely defines the regulatory regions of embryonic face and limb mesenchyme. Coordinator guides cooperative and selective binding between the bHLH family mesenchymal regulator TWIST1 and a collective of HD factors associated with regional identities in the face and limb. TWIST1 is required for HD binding and open chromatin at Coordinator sites, whereas HD factors stabilize TWIST1 occupancy at Coordinator and titrate it away from HD-independent sites. This cooperativity results in the shared regulation of genes involved in cell-type and positional identities and ultimately shapes facial morphology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seppe Goovaerts
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maram Bader
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mervenaz Koska
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Christy Luong
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Pogson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomek Swigut
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Applied Tumor Genomics Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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8
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Topa A, Rohlin A, Fehr A, Lovmar L, Stenman G, Tarnow P, Maltese G, Bhatti-Søfteland M, Kölby L. The value of genome-wide analysis in craniosynostosis. Front Genet 2024; 14:1322462. [PMID: 38318288 PMCID: PMC10839781 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1322462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study assessed the diagnostic yield of high-throughput sequencing methods in a cohort of craniosynostosis (CS) patients not presenting causal variants identified through previous targeted analysis. Methods: Whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing (WGS/WES) was performed in a cohort of 59 patients (from 57 families) assessed by retrospective phenotyping as having syndromic or nonsyndromic CS. Results: A syndromic form was identified in 51% of the unrelated cases. A genetic cause was identified in 38% of syndromic cases, with novel variants detected in FGFR2 (a rare Alu insertion), TWIST1, TCF12, KIAA0586, HDAC9, FOXP1, and NSD2. Additionally, we report two patients with rare recurrent variants in KAT6A and YY1 as well as two patients with structural genomic aberrations: one with a 22q13 duplication and one with a complex rearrangement involving chromosome 2 (2p25 duplication including SOX11 and deletion of 2q22). Moreover, we identified potentially relevant variants in 87% of the remaining families with no previously detected causal variants, including novel variants in ADAMTSL4, ASH1L, ATRX, C2CD3, CHD5, ERF, H4C5, IFT122, IFT140, KDM6B, KMT2D, LTBP1, MAP3K7, NOTCH2, NSD1, SOS1, SPRY1, POLR2A, PRRX1, RECQL4, TAB2, TAOK1, TET3, TGFBR1, TCF20, and ZBTB20. Conclusion: These results confirm WGS/WES as a powerful diagnostic tool capable of either targeted in silico or broad genomic analysis depending on phenotypic presentation (e.g., classical or unusual forms of syndromic CS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Topa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rohlin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Fehr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lovmar
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Tarnow
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Maltese
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madiha Bhatti-Søfteland
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Anjum AA, Lin MJ, Jin L, Li GQ. Twist is required for muscle development of the adult legs in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22063. [PMID: 37920138 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Although muscle development has been widely studied in Drosophila melanogaster, it was a great challenge to apply to developmental processes of other insect muscles. This study was focused on the functional characterization of a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene twist in an herbivorous ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. Its transcript (Hvtwist) levels were detected in all developmental stages. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of Hvtwist at the penultimate larval instar stage impaired pupation, and caused a deformed adult in the legs. The tarsi were malformed and did not support the bodies in an upright position. The climbing ability was impaired. Moreover, around 50% of the impaired adults had a malformed elytrum. In addition, they consumed less foliage and did not lay eggs. A hematoxylin-eosin staining of the leg demonstrated that the tibial extensor (TE) and the tibial flexor (TF) muscles were originated from the femurs while levator and depressor muscles of the tarsus (TL and TD) were located in the tibia in the control adults, in which tarsal segments were devoid of muscles. RNAi treatment specific to Hvtwist expression markedly impaired TE and TF muscles in the femurs, and prevented the development of TL and TD muscles in the tibia. Therefore, our findings demonstrate Twist plays a vital role in the myogenesis in H. vigintioctopunctata adult legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Anjum
- Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Lin
- Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Entomology, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Choi TM, Liu X, Abdel-Alim T, van Veelen ML, Mathijssen IMJ, Wolvius EB, Roshchupkin GV. Automated three-dimensional analysis of facial asymmetry in patients with syndromic coronal synostosis: A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:48-54. [PMID: 38135649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis, characterized by premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, results in a distorted skull shape. Only three studies have assessed facial asymmetry manually in unicoronal synostosis patients. It is therefore important to understand how uni- and bicoronal synostosis affect facial asymmetry with a minimum risk of human bias. An automated algorithm was developed to quantify facial asymmetry from three-dimensional images, generating a mean facial asymmetry (MFA) value in millimeters to reflect the degree of asymmetry. The framework was applied to analyze postoperative 3D images of syndromic patients (N = 35) diagnosed with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis with respect to MFA values from a healthy control group (N = 89). Patients demonstrated substantially higher MFA values than controls: Muenke syndrome (unicoronal 1.74 ± 0.40 mm, bicoronal 0.77 ± 0.21 mm), Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (unicoronal 1.15 ± 0.20 mm, bicoronal 0.69 ± 0.16 mm), and TCF12-related craniosynostosis (unicoronal 1.40 ± 0.51 mm, bicoronal 0.66 ± 0.05 mm), compared with controls (0.49 ± 0.12 mm). Longitudinal analysis identified an increasing MFA trend in unicoronal synostosis patients. Our study revealed higher MFA in syndromic patients with uni- and bicoronal synostosis compared with controls, with the most pronounced MFA in Muenke syndrome patients with unilateral synostosis. Bicoronal synostosis patients demonstrated higher facial asymmetry than expected given the condition's symmetrical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun Man Choi
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Xianjing Liu
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tareq Abdel-Alim
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Lise van Veelen
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Margreet Jacqueline Mathijssen
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eppo Bonne Wolvius
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gennady Vasilievich Roshchupkin
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Mirjat D, Kashif M, Roberts CM. Shake It Up Baby Now: The Changing Focus on TWIST1 and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17539. [PMID: 38139368 PMCID: PMC10743446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIST1 is a transcription factor that is necessary for healthy neural crest migration, mesoderm development, and gastrulation. It functions as a key regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which cells lose their polarity and gain the ability to migrate. EMT is often reactivated in cancers, where it is strongly associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Early work on TWIST1 in adult tissues focused on its transcriptional targets and how EMT gave rise to metastatic cells. In recent years, the roles of TWIST1 and other EMT factors in cancer have expanded greatly as our understanding of tumor progression has advanced. TWIST1 and related factors are frequently tied to cancer cell stemness and changes in therapeutic responses and thus are now being viewed as attractive therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight non-metastatic roles for TWIST1 and related EMT factors in cancer and other disorders, discuss recent findings in the areas of therapeutic resistance and stemness in cancer, and comment on the potential to target EMT for therapy. Further research into EMT will inform novel treatment combinations and strategies for advanced cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dureali Mirjat
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Cai M. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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12
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Yu X, He T, Tong Z, Liao L, Huang S, Fakhouri WD, Edwards DP, Xu J. Molecular mechanisms of TWIST1-regulated transcription in EMT and cancer metastasis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56902. [PMID: 37680145 PMCID: PMC10626429 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIST1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to drive cancer metastasis. It is yet unclear what determines TWIST1 functions to activate or repress transcription. We found that the TWIST1 N-terminus antagonizes TWIST1-regulated gene expression, cancer growth and metastasis. TWIST1 interacts with both the NuRD complex and the NuA4/TIP60 complex (TIP60-Com) via its N-terminus. Non-acetylated TWIST1-K73/76 selectively interacts with and recruits NuRD to repress epithelial target gene transcription. Diacetylated TWIST1-acK73/76 binds BRD8, a component of TIP60-Com that also binds histone H4-acK5/8, to recruit TIP60-Com to activate mesenchymal target genes and MYC. Knockdown of BRD8 abolishes TWIST1 and TIP60-Com interaction and TIP60-Com recruitment to TWIST1-activated genes, resulting in decreasing TWIST1-activated target gene expression and cancer metastasis. Both TWIST1/NuRD and TWIST1/TIP60-Com complexes are required for TWIST1 to promote EMT, proliferation, and metastasis at full capacity. Therefore, the diacetylation status of TWIST1-K73/76 dictates whether TWIST1 interacts either with NuRD to repress epithelial genes, or with TIP60-Com to activate mesenchymal genes and MYC. Since BRD8 is essential for TWIST1-acK73/76 and TIP60-Com interaction, targeting BRD8 could be a means to inhibit TWIST1-activated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Tao He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Present address:
Institute for Cancer MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversitySichuanChina
| | - Zhangwei Tong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, School of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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13
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Stevenson TJ, Hitpass Romero K, Rustenhoven J. Meningeal lymphatics stem cognitive decline in craniosynostosis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1395-1397. [PMID: 37922875 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is a congenital craniofacial disorder where premature fusion of cranial sutures causes elevated intracranial pressure and neurological deficits. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Ma et al. demonstrate that replenishing skull progenitor cells alleviates intracranial pressure elevations in craniosynostosis by restoring the meningeal lymphatic system, improving neurocognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Stevenson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kate Hitpass Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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14
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Ma L, Chang Q, Pei F, Liu M, Zhang W, Hong YK, Chai Y, Chen JF. Skull progenitor cell-driven meningeal lymphatic restoration improves neurocognitive functions in craniosynostosis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1472-1485.e7. [PMID: 37863055 PMCID: PMC10842404 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The meninges lie in the interface between the skull and brain, harboring lymphatic vasculature and skull progenitor cells (SPCs). How the skull and brain communicate remains largely unknown. We found that impaired meningeal lymphatics and brain perfusion drive neurocognitive defects in Twist1+/- mice, an animal model of craniosynostosis recapitulating human Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Loss of SPCs leads to skull deformities and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), whereas transplanting SPCs back into mutant mice mitigates lymphatic and brain defects through two mechanisms: (1) decreasing elevated ICP by skull correction and (2) promoting the growth and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) via SPC-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Treating Twist1+/- mice with VEGF-C promotes meningeal lymphatic growth and rescues defects in ICP, brain perfusion, and neurocognitive functions. Thus, the skull functionally integrates with the brain via meningeal lymphatics, which is impaired in craniosynostosis and can be restored by SPC-driven lymphatic activation via VEGF-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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15
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Kurzbuch AR, Cooper B, Duncan C, Ellenbogen J, Richardson D, Sinha A, Weber A, Sithambaram S, Hennedige A, Parks C. Patient Tailored Surgery in Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome: Analysis of Reoperation for Intracranial Hypertension. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:2099-2103. [PMID: 37226293 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is a syndromic craniosynostosis with pathogenic variants in the TWIST1 gene showing a broad phenotypic spectrum. Controversies exist in the literature regarding surgical management with single one-stage versus patient-tailored surgery and the related reoperation rate for intracranial hypertension of up to 42%. At our center, SCS patients are offered patient-tailored surgery with single-stage fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling or fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling and posterior distraction in an individually determined order. The authors' database identified 35 confirmed SCS patients between 1999 and 2022. Involved sutures in craniosynostosis were left unicoronal (22.9%), bicoronal (22.9%), sagittal (8.6%), bicoronal and sagittal (5.7%), right unicoronal (2.9%), bicoronal and metopic (2.9%), bicoronal, sagittal and metopic (2.9%), and bilateral lambdoid (2.9%). There was pansynostosis in 8.6% and no craniosynostosis in 14.3% of the patients. Twenty-six patients, 10 females, and 16 males were operated on. Mean age at the first surgery was 1.70 years, and 3.86 years at the second surgery. Eleven of 26 patients had invasive intracranial pressure monitoring. Three patients presented with papilledema before the first surgery and 4 afterward. Four of the 26 operated patients were operated initially elsewhere. The other 22 patients were initially referred to our unit and underwent patient-tailored surgery. Nine of these patients (41%) had a second surgery, and 3 (14%) of them were because of raised intracranial pressure. Seven (27%) of all operated patients had a complication. Median follow-up was 13.98 years (range, 1.85-18.08). Patient-tailored surgery in a specialized center and long-term follow-up allow for a low reoperation rate for intracranial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur R Kurzbuch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Ben Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Christian Duncan
- Department of Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Surgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Jonathan Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
| | - David Richardson
- Department of Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Surgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Ajay Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Astrid Weber
- Liverpool Centre for Genomic Medicine, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - Anusha Hennedige
- Department of Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Surgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Chris Parks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
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16
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Bok S, Yallowitz AR, Sun J, McCormick J, Cung M, Hu L, Lalani S, Li Z, Sosa BR, Baumgartner T, Byrne P, Zhang T, Morse KW, Mohamed FF, Ge C, Franceschi RT, Cowling RT, Greenberg BH, Pisapia DJ, Imahiyerobo TA, Lakhani S, Ross ME, Hoffman CE, Debnath S, Greenblatt MB. A multi-stem cell basis for craniosynostosis and calvarial mineralization. Nature 2023; 621:804-812. [PMID: 37730988 PMCID: PMC10799660 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is a group of disorders of premature calvarial suture fusion. The identity of the calvarial stem cells (CSCs) that produce fusion-driving osteoblasts in craniosynostosis remains poorly understood. Here we show that both physiologic calvarial mineralization and pathologic calvarial fusion in craniosynostosis reflect the interaction of two separate stem cell lineages; a previously identified cathepsin K (CTSK) lineage CSC1 (CTSK+ CSC) and a separate discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 (DDR2) lineage stem cell (DDR2+ CSC) that we identified in this study. Deletion of Twist1, a gene associated with craniosynostosis in humans2,3, solely in CTSK+ CSCs is sufficient to drive craniosynostosis in mice, but the sites that are destined to fuse exhibit an unexpected depletion of CTSK+ CSCs and a corresponding expansion of DDR2+ CSCs, with DDR2+ CSC expansion being a direct maladaptive response to CTSK+ CSC depletion. DDR2+ CSCs display full stemness features, and our results establish the presence of two distinct stem cell lineages in the sutures, with both populations contributing to physiologic calvarial mineralization. DDR2+ CSCs mediate a distinct form of endochondral ossification without the typical haematopoietic marrow formation. Implantation of DDR2+ CSCs into suture sites is sufficient to induce fusion, and this phenotype was prevented by co-transplantation of CTSK+ CSCs. Finally, the human counterparts of DDR2+ CSCs and CTSK+ CSCs display conserved functional properties in xenograft assays. The interaction between these two stem cell populations provides a new biologic interface for the modulation of calvarial mineralization and suture patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Bok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alisha R Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason McCormick
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Cung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Lalani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Branden R Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Baumgartner
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Byrne
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle W Morse
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Department of Periodontics, Prevention and Geriatrics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics, Prevention and Geriatrics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics, Prevention and Geriatrics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Randy T Cowling
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barry H Greenberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David J Pisapia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Imahiyerobo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shenela Lakhani
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin E Hoffman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shawon Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Haerinck J, Goossens S, Berx G. The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity landscape: principles of design and mechanisms of regulation. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:590-609. [PMID: 37169858 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) enables cells to interconvert between several states across the epithelial-mesenchymal landscape, thereby acquiring hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypic features. This plasticity is crucial for embryonic development and wound healing, but also underlies the acquisition of several malignant traits during cancer progression. Recent research using systems biology and single-cell profiling methods has provided novel insights into the main forces that shape EMP, which include the microenvironment, lineage specification and cell identity, and the genome. Additionally, key roles have emerged for hysteresis (cell memory) and cellular noise, which can drive stochastic transitions between cell states. Here, we review these forces and the distinct but interwoven layers of regulatory control that stabilize EMP states or facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating the EMP landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Haerinck
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Translational Research in Oncology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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18
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Casasnovas-Nieves JJ, Rodríguez Y, Franco HL, Cadilla CL. Mechanisms of Regulation of the CHRDL1 Gene by the TWIST2 and ADD1/SREBP1c Transcription Factors. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1733. [PMID: 37761873 PMCID: PMC10530651 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Setleis syndrome (SS) is a rare focal facial dermal dysplasia caused by recessive mutations in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, TWIST2. Expression microarray analysis showed that the chordin-like 1 (CHRDL1) gene is up-regulated in dermal fibroblasts from three SS patients with the Q119X TWIST2 mutation. METHODS Putative TWIST binding sites were found in the upstream region of the CHRDL1 gene and examined by electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and reporter gene assays. RESULTS EMSAs showed specific binding of TWIST1 and TWIST2 homodimers, as well as heterodimers with E12, to the more distal E-boxes. An adjoining E-box was bound by ADD1/SREBP1c. EMSA analysis suggested that TWIST2 and ADD1/SREBP1c could compete for binding. Luciferase (luc) reporter assays revealed that the CHRDL1 gene upstream region drives its expression and ADD1/SREBP1c increased it 2.6 times over basal levels. TWIST2, but not the TWIST2-Q119X mutant, blocked activation by ADD1/SREBP1c, but overexpression of TWIST2-Q119X increased luc gene expression. In addition, EMSA competition assays showed that TWIST2, but not TWIST1, competes with ADD1/SREBP1c for DNA binding to the same site. CONCLUSIONS Formation of an inactive complex between the TWIST2 Q119X and Q65X mutant proteins and ADD1/SREBP1c may prevent repressor binding and allow the binding of other regulators to activate CHRDL1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Casasnovas-Nieves
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.J.C.-N.); (Y.R.); (H.L.F.)
| | - Yacidzohara Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.J.C.-N.); (Y.R.); (H.L.F.)
| | - Hector L. Franco
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.J.C.-N.); (Y.R.); (H.L.F.)
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carmen L. Cadilla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.J.C.-N.); (Y.R.); (H.L.F.)
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19
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Radhakrishnan K, Truong L, Carmichael CL. An "unexpected" role for EMT transcription factors in hematological development and malignancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207360. [PMID: 37600794 PMCID: PMC10435889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental developmental process essential for normal embryonic development. It is also important during various pathogenic processes including fibrosis, wound healing and epithelial cancer cell metastasis and invasion. EMT is regulated by a variety of cell signalling pathways, cell-cell interactions and microenvironmental cues, however the key drivers of EMT are transcription factors of the ZEB, TWIST and SNAIL families. Recently, novel and unexpected roles for these EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs) during normal blood cell development have emerged, which appear to be largely independent of classical EMT processes. Furthermore, EMT-TFs have also begun to be implicated in the development and pathogenesis of malignant hematological diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma, and now present themselves or the pathways they regulate as possible new therapeutic targets within these malignancies. In this review, we discuss the ZEB, TWIST and SNAIL families of EMT-TFs, focusing on what is known about their normal roles during hematopoiesis as well as the emerging and "unexpected" contribution they play during development and progression of blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lynda Truong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine L. Carmichael
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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20
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Zhao X, Erhardt S, Sung K, Wang J. FGF signaling in cranial suture development and related diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1112890. [PMID: 37325554 PMCID: PMC10267317 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Suture mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) are a heterogeneous stem cell population with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. The cranial suture provides a niche for SMSCs to maintain suture patency, allowing for cranial bone repair and regeneration. In addition, the cranial suture functions as an intramembranous bone growth site during craniofacial bone development. Defects in suture development have been implicated in various congenital diseases, such as sutural agenesis and craniosynostosis. However, it remains largely unknown how intricate signaling pathways orchestrate suture and SMSC function in craniofacial bone development, homeostasis, repair and diseases. Studies in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis identified fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling as an important signaling pathway that regulates cranial vault development. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies have since revealed the critical roles of FGF signaling in SMSCs, cranial suture and cranial skeleton development, and the pathogenesis of related diseases. Here, we summarize the characteristics of cranial sutures and SMSCs, and the important functions of the FGF signaling pathway in SMSC and cranial suture development as well as diseases caused by suture dysfunction. We also discuss emerging current and future studies of signaling regulation in SMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kihan Sung
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Kim S, Morgunova E, Naqvi S, Bader M, Koska M, Popov A, Luong C, Pogson A, Claes P, Taipale J, Wysocka J. DNA-guided transcription factor cooperativity shapes face and limb mesenchyme. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.29.541540. [PMID: 37398193 PMCID: PMC10312427 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.541540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) can define distinct cellular identities despite nearly identical DNA-binding specificities. One mechanism for achieving regulatory specificity is DNA-guided TF cooperativity. Although in vitro studies suggest it may be common, examples of such cooperativity remain scarce in cellular contexts. Here, we demonstrate how 'Coordinator', a long DNA motif comprised of common motifs bound by many basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and homeodomain (HD) TFs, uniquely defines regulatory regions of embryonic face and limb mesenchyme. Coordinator guides cooperative and selective binding between the bHLH family mesenchymal regulator TWIST1 and a collective of HD factors associated with regional identities in the face and limb. TWIST1 is required for HD binding and open chromatin at Coordinator sites, while HD factors stabilize TWIST1 occupancy at Coordinator and titrate it away from HD-independent sites. This cooperativity results in shared regulation of genes involved in cell-type and positional identities, and ultimately shapes facial morphology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Maram Bader
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mervenaz Koska
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Christy Luong
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Angela Pogson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Applied Tumor Genomics Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
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22
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Diaz-Gonzalez F, Sacedo-Gutiérrez JM, Twigg SRF, Calpena E, Carceller-Benito FE, Parrón-Pajares M, Santos-Simarro F, Heath KE. Case report: A third variant in the 5' UTR of TWIST1 creates a novel upstream translation initiation site in a child with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 13:1089417. [PMID: 36685936 PMCID: PMC9845400 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1089417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, a craniosynostosis syndrome characterized by the premature closure of the coronal sutures, dysmorphic facial features and limb anomalies, is caused by haploinsufficiency of TWIST1. Although the majority of variants localize in the coding region of the gene, two variants in the 5' UTR have been recently reported to generate novel upstream initiation codons. Methods: Skeletal dysplasia Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was used for genetic analysis in a patient with bicoronal synostosis, facial dysmorphisms and limb anomalies. The variant pathogenicity was assessed by a luciferase reporter promoter assay. Results: Here, we describe the identification of a third ATG-creating de novo variant, c.-18C>T, in the 5' UTR of TWIST1 in the patient with a clinical diagnosis of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. It was predicted to create an out-of-frame new upstream translation initiation codon resulting in a 40 amino acid larger functionally inactive protein. We performed luciferase reporter promoter assays to demonstrate that the variant does indeed reduce translation from the main open reading frame. Conclusion: This is the third variant identified in this region and confirms the introduction of upstream ATGs in the 5' UTR of TWIST1 as a pathogenic mechanism in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. This case report shows the necessity for performing functional characterization of variants of unknown significance within national health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Diaz-Gonzalez
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain,Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier M. Sacedo-Gutiérrez
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen R. F. Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando E. Carceller-Benito
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Parrón-Pajares
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain,Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen E. Heath
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain,Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Karen E. Heath,
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23
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Castellanos G, Valbuena DS, Pérez E, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. Chromosomal Instability as Enabling Feature and Central Hallmark of Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:189-211. [PMID: 36923397 PMCID: PMC10010144 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s383759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) has become a topic of great interest in recent years, not only for its implications in cancer diagnosis and prognosis but also for its role as an enabling feature and central hallmark of cancer. CIN describes cell-to-cell variation in the number or structure of chromosomes in a tumor population. Although extensive research in recent decades has identified some associations between CIN with response to therapy, specific associations with other hallmarks of cancer have not been fully evidenced. Such associations place CIN as an enabling feature of the other hallmarks of cancer and highlight the importance of deepening its knowledge to improve the outcome in cancer. In addition, studies conducted to date have shown paradoxical findings about the implications of CIN for therapeutic response, with some studies showing associations between high CIN and better therapeutic response, and others showing the opposite: associations between high CIN and therapeutic resistance. This evidences the complex relationships between CIN with the prognosis and response to treatment in cancer. Considering the above, this review focuses on recent studies on the role of CIN in cancer, the cellular mechanisms leading to CIN, its relationship with other hallmarks of cancer, and the emerging therapeutic approaches that are being developed to target such instability, with a primary focus on breast cancer. Further understanding of the complexity of CIN and its association with other hallmarks of cancer could provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in prognosis and response to treatment in cancer and potentially lead to new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Castellanos
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia.,School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Duván Sebastián Valbuena
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Erika Pérez
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Victoria E Villegas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
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24
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Luyckx I, Verstraeten A, Goumans MJ, Loeys B. SMAD6-deficiency in human genetic disorders. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:68. [DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSMAD6 encodes an intracellular inhibitor of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway. Until now, SMAD6-deficiency has been associated with three distinctive human congenital conditions, i.e., congenital heart diseases, including left ventricular obstruction and conotruncal defects, craniosynostosis and radioulnar synostosis. Intriguingly, a similar spectrum of heterozygous loss-of-function variants has been reported to cause these clinically distinct disorders without a genotype–phenotype correlation. Even identical nucleotide changes have been described in patients with either a cardiovascular phenotype, craniosynostosis or radioulnar synostosis. These findings suggest that the primary pathogenic variant alone cannot explain the resultant patient phenotype. In this review, we summarise clinical and (patho)genetic (dis)similarities between these three SMAD6-related conditions, compare published Madh6 mouse models, in which the importance and impact of the genetic background with respect to the observed phenotype is highlighted, and elaborate on the cellular key mechanisms orchestrated by SMAD6 in the development of these three discrete inherited disorders. In addition, we discuss future research needed to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these diseases in order to improve their molecular diagnosis, advance therapeutic strategies and facilitate counselling of patients and their families.
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25
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The speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) inhibits breast cancer malignancy by destabilizing TWIST1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:389. [PMID: 36115849 PMCID: PMC9482615 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducing transcription factor TWIST1 plays a vital role in cancer metastasis. How the tumor-suppressive E3 ligase, speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP), regulates TWIST1 in breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, we report that SPOP physically interacts with, ubiquitinates, and destabilizes TWIST1. SPOP promotes K63-and K48-linked ubiquitination of TWIST1, predominantly at K73, thereby suppressing cancer cell migration and invasion. Silencing SPOP significantly enhances EMT, which accelerates breast cancer cell migration and invasiveness in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Clinically, SPOP is negatively correlated with the levels of TWIST1 in highly invasive breast carcinomas. Reduced SPOP expression, along with elevated TWIST1 levels, is associated with poor prognosis in advanced breast cancer patients, particularly those with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Taken together, we have disclosed a new mechanism linking SPOP to TWIST1 degradation. Thus SPOP may serve as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for advanced TNBC patients.
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26
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Hegde R, Hegde S, Gataraddi S, Kulkarni SS, Gai PB. Novel and PCR ready rapid DNA isolation from Drosophila. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1162-1173. [PMID: 35875860 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isolation of genomic DNA is an initial step in molecular biology techniques. The quality of isolated DNA depends on procedures and chemicals, as well as source and types of the sample used. Several existing procedures are expensive and time consuming. In this study, we isolated high quality genomic DNA with an inexpensive and least time consuming procedure using Drosophila melanogaster flies, larvae, and pupae. METHODS Drosophila melanogaster samples were collected from pre-cultured bottles, and genomic DNA was extracted using a proposed novel and PCR-ready method from three different pools of flies [PF1, PF2, and PF3], similarly from larvae and pupae [PL1, PL2, PL3, PP1, PP2, and PP3, respectively]. Isolated genomic DNA was subjected to PCR amplification with different dilutions using the COI gene and further amplicons were used for RAPD and DNA sequencing. RESULTS The high quality of isolated genomic DNA was confirmed by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis and the purity and quantity of the DNA isolated from single fly, larva and pupa was similar to the purity and quantity of the DNA isolated using the NucleoSpinR Tissue kit method. Isolated genomic DNA was successfully amplified when the template was diluted in the ratio of 1:10. Further successful RAPD amplification and sequencing analysis of the COI gene confirms the efficiency of the downstream application of the proposed novel method. CONCLUSION The present Novel and PCR ready rapid DNA isolation method will be potentially beneficial, and it can be successfully used for quick isolation of high molecular weight DNA from Drosophila flies larvae and pupae for DNA barcoding, identification of new species, genotyping, RAPD analysis, etc. Moreover, it can also be easily scaled up for bulk preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Hegde
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research (KIDNAR), Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Smita Hegde
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research (KIDNAR), Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Pramod B Gai
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research (KIDNAR), Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Choi TM, Kramer GJC, Goos JAC, Mathijssen IMJ, Wolvius EB, Ongkosuwito EM. Evaluation of dental maturity in Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis. Eur J Orthod 2022; 44:287-293. [PMID: 34424951 PMCID: PMC9127722 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether dental maturity (dental development) was delayed in patients with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis, compared with a Dutch control group without syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 60 patients (38 patients with Muenke syndrome, 17 patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and 5 with TCF12-related craniosynostosis), aged 5.8-16.8 years that were treated at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care, and Orthodontics, in Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Dental age was calculated according to Demirjian's index of dental maturity. The control group included 451 children without a syndrome. RESULTS Compared with the control group, dental development was delayed by an average of one year in 5- to 8-year-old patients with Muenke syndrome (P = 0.007) and in 8- to 10-year-old patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (P = 0.044), but not in patients with TCF12-related craniosynostosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that dental development was delayed by one year, on average, in patients with Muenke syndrome and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, compared with a Dutch control group without syndromes. IMPLICATIONS Our findings have improved the understanding of dental development in patients with Muenke and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. These results can provide guidance on whether the orthodontist needs to consider growth disturbances related to dental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun M Choi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gem J C Kramer
- Department of Orthodontics, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A C Goos
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M J Mathijssen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Alawneh RJ, Johnson AL, Hoover-Fong JE, Jackson EM, Steinberg JP, MacCarrick G. Postnatal Progressive Craniosynostosis in Syndromic Conditions: Two Patients With Saethre-Chotzen Due to TWIST1 Gene Deletions and Review of the Literature. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2022:10556656221090844. [PMID: 35354337 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221090844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is a known craniosynostosis syndrome with a variable presentation of craniofacial and somatic involvement. Congenital coronal craniosynostosis is most commonly observed in SCS; however, progressive postnatal craniosynostosis of other sutures has been reported. The authors present 2 infants with progressive postnatal craniosynostosis and SCS caused by chromosome 7p deletions including the TWIST1 gene. The evolution of their clinical features and a literature review of patients with syndromic, postnatal progressive craniosynostosis illustrate the importance of longitudinal observation and management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama J Alawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Andrea L Johnson
- Department of Cellular Biology and Molecular Genetics, 1068University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Julie Elizabeth Hoover-Fong
- Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1500Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan P Steinberg
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gretchen MacCarrick
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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孙 爽, 门 玉, 惠 周. [Research Progress on Risk Factors of Brain Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:193-200. [PMID: 35340162 PMCID: PMC8976204 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common treatment failure mode, and the median survival time of NSCLC patients with brain metastasis is only 1 mon-2 mon. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) can delay the occurrence of brain metastasis, but the survival benefits of NSCLC patients are still controversial. It is particularly important to identify the patients who are most likely to benefit from PCI. This article reviews the high risk factors of brain metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- 爽 孙
- 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院,北京协和医学院肿瘤医院放疗科Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - 玉 门
- 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院,北京协和医学院肿瘤医院放疗科Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院,特需医疗部Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - 周光 惠
- 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院,北京协和医学院肿瘤医院放疗科Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院,特需医疗部Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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30
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Wu Y, Zhou X, Yuan W, Liu J, Yang W, Zhu Y, Ye C, Xiong X, Zhang Q, Liu J, Wang J. Gli1+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone and Teeth. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:494-502. [PMID: 34994317 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220107102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are remarkable and noteworthy. Identification of markers for MSCs enables the study of their niche in vivo. It has been identified that glioma-associated oncogene 1 positive (Gli1+) cells are mesenchymal stem cells supporting homeostasis and injury repair, especially in the skeletal system and teeth. This review outlines the role of Gli1+ cells as an MSC subpopulation in both bones and teeth, suggesting the prospects of Gli1+ cells in stem cell-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; b Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueman Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxiu Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengxinyue Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinlanhui Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ting MC, Farmer DT, Teng CS, He J, Chai Y, Crump JG, Maxson RE. Embryonic requirements for Tcf12 in the development of the mouse coronal suture. Development 2022; 149:273884. [PMID: 34878091 PMCID: PMC8783042 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A major feature of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is coronal craniosynostosis, the fusion of the frontal and parietal bones at the coronal suture. It is caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in either of the bHLH transcription factors TWIST1 and TCF12. Although compound heterozygous Tcf12; Twist1 mice display severe coronal synostosis, the individual role of Tcf12 had remained unexplored. Here, we show that Tcf12 controls several key processes in calvarial development, including the rate of frontal and parietal bone growth, and the boundary between sutural and osteogenic cells. Genetic analysis supports an embryonic requirement for Tcf12 in suture formation, as combined deletion of Tcf12 in embryonic neural crest and mesoderm, but not in postnatal suture mesenchyme, disrupts the coronal suture. We also detected asymmetric distribution of mesenchymal cells on opposing sides of the wild-type frontal and parietal bones, which prefigures later bone overlap at the sutures. In Tcf12 mutants, reduced asymmetry is associated with bones meeting end-on-end, possibly contributing to synostosis. Our results support embryonic requirements of Tcf12 in proper formation of the overlapping coronal suture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-chun Ting
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - D'Juan T. Farmer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Camilla S. Teng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinzhi He
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Authors for correspondence (, )
| | - Robert E. Maxson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Authors for correspondence (, )
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Nuri T, Ota M, Ueda K, Iseki S. Quantitative Morphologic Analysis of Cranial Vault in Twist1+/- Mice: Implications in Craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:28e-37e. [PMID: 34936613 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The haploinsufficiency in the TWIST1 gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor is a cause of one of the craniosynostosis syndromes, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Patients with craniosynostosis usually require operative release of affected sutures, which makes it difficult to observe the long-term consequence of suture fusion on craniofacial growth. METHODS In this study, we performed quantitative analysis of morphologic changes of the skull in Twist1 heterozygously-deleted mice (Twist1+/-) with micro-computed tomographic images. RESULTS In Twist1+/- mice, fusion of the coronal suture began before postnatal day 14 and progressed until postnatal day 56, during which morphologic changes occurred. The growth of the skull was not achieved by a constant increase in the measured distances in wild type mice; some distances in the top-basal axis were decreased during the observation period. In the Twist1+/- mouse, growth in the top-basal axis was accelerated and that of the frontal cranium was reduced. In the unicoronal suture fusion mouse, the length of the zygomatic arch of affected side was shorter in the Twist1+/- mouse. In one postnatal day 56 Twist1+/- mouse with bilateral coronal suture fusion, asymmetric zygomatic arch length was identified. CONCLUSION The authors'results suggest that measuring the length of the left and right zygomatic arches may be useful for early diagnosis of coronal suture fusion and for estimation of the timing of synostosis, and that more detailed study on the growth pattern of the normal and the synostosed skull could provide prediction of the risk of resynostosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The data from this study can be useful to better understand the cranial growth pattern in patients with craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nuri
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masato Ota
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Koichi Ueda
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Craniofacial morphology and growth in Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2927-2936. [PMID: 34904178 PMCID: PMC8898243 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether the midface of patients with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, or TCF12-related craniosynostosis is hypoplastic compared to skeletal facial proportions of a Dutch control group. Material and methods We included seventy-four patients (43 patients with Muenke syndrome, 22 patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and 9 patients with TCF12-related craniosynostosis) who were referred between 1990 and 2020 (age range 4.84 to 16.83 years) and were treated at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Children’s Hospital Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The control group consisted of 208 healthy children. Results Cephalometric values comprising the midface were decreased in Muenke syndrome (ANB: β = –1.87, p = 0.001; and PC1: p < 0,001), Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (ANB: β = –1.76, p = 0.001; and PC1: p < 0.001), and TCF12-related craniosynostosis (ANB: β = –1.70, p = 0.015; and PC1: p < 0.033). Conclusions In this study, we showed that the midface is hypoplastic in Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis compared to the Dutch control group. Furthermore, the rotation of the maxilla and the typical craniofacial buildup is significantly different in these three craniosynostosis syndromes compared to the controls. Clinical relevance The maxillary growth in patients with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, or TCF12-related craniosynostosis is impaired, leading to a deviant dental development. Therefore, timely orthodontic follow-up is recommended. In order to increase expertise and support treatment planning by medical and dental specialists for these patients, and also because of the specific differences between the syndromes, we recommend the management of patients with Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, or TCF12-related craniosynostosis in specialized multidisciplinary teams. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-021-04275-y.
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Pehlivanoglu S, Sahan OB, Pehlivanoglu S, Aktas Kont K. Epithelial mesenchymal transition regulator TWIST1 transcription factor stimulates glucose uptake through upregulation of GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT12 in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:933-943. [PMID: 34791627 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TWIST1 is a major regulator of epithelial mesenchymal transition process, essential in cancer metastasis. Cancer cells increase glucose uptake capabilities to meet their high energy requirements. In this study, we explored the potential role of TWIST1 on glucose transport into the 293T cells in an insulin-dependent and insulin-independent manner. For this purpose, the ectopic expression of TWIST1 was successfully performed by electroporation. The altered mRNA expressions of GLUT-1, -3, -4, and -12, insulin receptor (InsR), and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and -2 were assessed in control and TWIST1-overexpressing cells. Glucose uptake rates of the cells were evaluated by fluorometric glucose uptake assay. Our findings showed that the transcriptional expression levels of GLUT-1, -3, and -12 genes were significantly upregulated by TWIST1. However, TWIST1 did not alter the mRNA and protein expressions of the InsR, its substrates (IRS-1 and -2), and GLUT-4 genes in 293T cells which are main factors for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake pathway. Also, the glucose transport activities were significantly increased in TWIST1-overexpressing cells compared to controls due to fetal bovine serum (FBS) stimulation, but there was a slight non-significant difference in insulin stimulation. Thus, our data suggest that TWIST1 could promote glucose uptake independently of insulin and is possible to be evaluated as a metabolic marker in cancer. Further investigations are needed to clarify the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the cells' glucose uptake and consumption during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suray Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ozge Burcu Sahan
- Center for Stem Cells Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Pehlivanoglu
- Aziz Sancar Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Aktas Kont
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Romanelli Tavares VL, Guimarães-Ramos SL, Zhou Y, Masotti C, Ezquina S, Moreira DDP, Buermans H, Freitas RS, Den Dunnen JT, Twigg SRF, Passos-Bueno MR. New locus underlying auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND): 430 kb duplication involving TWIST1 regulatory elements. J Med Genet 2021; 59:895-905. [PMID: 34750192 PMCID: PMC9411924 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a rare genetic disease that affects structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches, mainly resulting in micrognathia and auricular malformations. To date, pathogenic variants have been identified in three genes involved in the EDN1-DLX5/6 pathway (PLCB4, GNAI3 and EDN1) and some cases remain unsolved. Here we studied a large unsolved four-generation family. Methods We performed linkage analysis, resequencing and Capture-C to investigate the causative variant of this family. To test the pathogenicity of the CNV found, we modelled the disease in patient craniofacial progenitor cells, including induced pluripotent cell (iPSC)-derived neural crest and mesenchymal cells. Results This study highlights a fourth locus causative of ARCND, represented by a tandem duplication of 430 kb in a candidate region on chromosome 7 defined by linkage analysis. This duplication segregates with the disease in the family (LOD score=2.88) and includes HDAC9, which is located over 200 kb telomeric to the top candidate gene TWIST1. Notably, Capture-C analysis revealed multiple cis interactions between the TWIST1 promoter and possible regulatory elements within the duplicated region. Modelling of the disease revealed an increased expression of HDAC9 and its neighbouring gene, TWIST1, in neural crest cells. We also identified decreased migration of iPSC-derived neural crest cells together with dysregulation of osteogenic differentiation in iPSC-affected mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that the 430 kb duplication is causative of the ARCND phenotype in this family and that deregulation of TWIST1 expression during craniofacial development can contribute to the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cibele Masotti
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Molecular Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana Ezquina
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danielle de Paula Moreira
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henk Buermans
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renato S Freitas
- Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio Palatal, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Johan T Den Dunnen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Fonteles CS, Finnell RH, Lei Y, Zurita-Jimenez ME, Monteiro AJ, George TM, Harshbarger RJ. De novo ALX4 variant detected in child with non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11396. [PMID: 34586326 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of the genetic factors contributing to the etiology of non-syndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) remains scarce. The present work investigated the presence of variants in ALX4, EFNA4, and TWIST1 genes in children with NSC to verify if variants within these genes may contribute to the occurrence of these abnormal phenotypes. A total of 101 children (aged 45.07±40.94 months) with NSC participated in this cross-sectional study. Parents and siblings of the probands were invited to participate. Medical and family history of craniosynostosis were documented. Biological samples were collected to obtain genomic DNA. Coding exons of human TWIST1, ALX4, and EFNA4 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequenced. Five missense variants were identified in ALX4 in children with bilateral coronal, sagittal, and metopic synostosis. A de novo ALX4 variant, c.799G>A: p.Ala267Thr, was identified in a proband with sagittal synostosis. Three missense variants were identified in the EFNA4 gene in children with metopic and sagittal synostosis. A TWIST1 variant occurred in a child with unilateral coronal synostosis. Variants were predicted to be among the 0.1% (TWIST1, c.380C>A: p. Ala127Glu) and 1% (ALX4, c.769C>T: p.Arg257Cys, c.799G>A: p.Ala267Thr, c.929G>A: p.Gly310Asp; EFNA4, c.178C>T: p.His60Tyr, C.283A>G: p.Lys95Glu, c.349C>A: Pro117Thr) most deleterious variants in the human genome. With the exception of ALX4, c.799G>A: p.Ala267Thr, all other variants were present in at least one non-affected family member, suggesting incomplete penetrance. Thus, these variants may contribute to the development of craniosynostosis, and should not be discarded as potential candidate genes in the diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Fonteles
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M E Zurita-Jimenez
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - A J Monteiro
- Departamento de Estatística e Matemática Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T M George
- Plastic Surgery, Craniofacial Team at the Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R J Harshbarger
- Plastic Surgery, Craniofacial Team at the Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Menon S, Salhotra A, Shailendra S, Tevlin R, Ransom RC, Januszyk M, Chan CKF, Behr B, Wan DC, Longaker MT, Quarto N. Skeletal stem and progenitor cells maintain cranial suture patency and prevent craniosynostosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4640. [PMID: 34330896 PMCID: PMC8324898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial sutures are major growth centers for the calvarial vault, and their premature fusion leads to a pathologic condition called craniosynostosis. This study investigates whether skeletal stem/progenitor cells are resident in the cranial sutures. Prospective isolation by FACS identifies this population with a significant difference in spatio-temporal representation between fusing versus patent sutures. Transcriptomic analysis highlights a distinct signature in cells derived from the physiological closing PF suture, and scRNA sequencing identifies transcriptional heterogeneity among sutures. Wnt-signaling activation increases skeletal stem/progenitor cells in sutures, whereas its inhibition decreases. Crossing Axin2LacZ/+ mouse, endowing enhanced Wnt activation, to a Twist1+/- mouse model of coronal craniosynostosis enriches skeletal stem/progenitor cells in sutures restoring patency. Co-transplantation of these cells with Wnt3a prevents resynostosis following suturectomy in Twist1+/- mice. Our study reveals that decrease and/or imbalance of skeletal stem/progenitor cells representation within sutures may underlie craniosynostosis. These findings have translational implications toward therapeutic approaches for craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Menon
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankit Salhotra
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siny Shailendra
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Tevlin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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38
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Naqvi S, Sleyp Y, Hoskens H, Indencleef K, Spence JP, Bruffaerts R, Radwan A, Eller RJ, Richmond S, Shriver MD, Shaffer JR, Weinberg SM, Walsh S, Thompson J, Pritchard JK, Sunaert S, Peeters H, Wysocka J, Claes P. Shared heritability of human face and brain shape. Nat Genet 2021; 53:830-839. [PMID: 33821002 PMCID: PMC8232039 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from model organisms and clinical genetics suggests coordination between the developing brain and face, but the role of this link in common genetic variation remains unknown. We performed a multivariate genome-wide association study of cortical surface morphology in 19,644 individuals of European ancestry, identifying 472 genomic loci influencing brain shape, of which 76 are also linked to face shape. Shared loci include transcription factors involved in craniofacial development, as well as members of signaling pathways implicated in brain-face cross-talk. Brain shape heritability is equivalently enriched near regulatory regions active in either forebrain organoids or facial progenitors. However, we do not detect significant overlap between shared brain-face genome-wide association study signals and variants affecting behavioral-cognitive traits. These results suggest that early in embryogenesis, the face and brain mutually shape each other through both structural effects and paracrine signaling, but this interplay may not impact later brain development associated with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Yoeri Sleyp
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karlijne Indencleef
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey P Spence
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rose Bruffaerts
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ryan J Eller
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen Richmond
- Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark D Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James Thompson
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Iping R, Cohen AM, Abdel Alim T, van Veelen MLC, van de Peppel J, van Leeuwen JPTM, Joosten KFM, Mathijssen IMJ. A bibliometric overview of craniosynostosis research development. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104224. [PMID: 33866005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the development of research in the field of craniosynostosis from a bibliometric standpoint. Craniosynostosis is a malformation occurring during the early development of the skull, when one or more of the sutures close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth. Research in this field has developed from early clinical case descriptions, to genetic discoveries responsible for the occurring malformations and onwards to developing sophisticated surgical treatment. In this article we describe these developments, zoom in on publication trends and characteristics and visualize developing networks and topic shifts in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Iping
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Research Intelligence & Strategy Unit, the Netherlands.
| | - Adrian M Cohen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Research Intelligence & Strategy Unit, the Netherlands
| | - Tareq Abdel Alim
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Lise C van Veelen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, the Netherlands
| | | | - Koen F M Joosten
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatrics, the Netherlands
| | - Irene M J Mathijssen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery, and Hand Surgery, the Netherlands
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40
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Donsante S, Palmisano B, Serafini M, Robey PG, Corsi A, Riminucci M. From Stem Cells to Bone-Forming Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083989. [PMID: 33924333 PMCID: PMC8070464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation starts near the end of the embryonic stage of development and continues throughout life during bone modeling and growth, remodeling, and when needed, regeneration. Bone-forming cells, traditionally termed osteoblasts, produce, assemble, and control the mineralization of the type I collagen-enriched bone matrix while participating in the regulation of other cell processes, such as osteoclastogenesis, and metabolic activities, such as phosphate homeostasis. Osteoblasts are generated by different cohorts of skeletal stem cells that arise from different embryonic specifications, which operate in the pre-natal and/or adult skeleton under the control of multiple regulators. In this review, we briefly define the cellular identity and function of osteoblasts and discuss the main populations of osteoprogenitor cells identified to date. We also provide examples of long-known and recently recognized regulatory pathways and mechanisms involved in the specification of the osteogenic lineage, as assessed by studies on mice models and human genetic skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Donsante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (B.P.); (A.C.)
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (B.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Marta Serafini
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (B.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (B.P.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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41
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Bahroudi Z, Shoorei H, Abbas Raza SH, Taheri M. The interplay between non-coding RNAs and Twist1 signaling contribute to human disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111220. [PMID: 33433357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) being coded by the TWIST1 gene. This TF has a fundamental effect on the normal development and in the pathogenesis of various diseases especially cancer. Twist1 has interactions with some long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs. The interactions between this TF and various miRNAs such as miR-16, miR-26b-5p, miR-1271, miR-539, miR-214, miR-200b/c, miR-335, miR-10b, and miR-381 are implicated in the carcinogenic processes. TP73-AS1, LINC01638, ATB, NONHSAT101069, CASC15, H19, PVT1, LINC00339, LINC01385, TANAR, SNHG5, DANCR, CHRF, and TUG1 are among long non-coding RNAs which interact with Twist1 and participate in the carcinogenesis. This review aims at depicting the interaction between these non-coding transcripts and Twist1 and the consequence of these interactions in human neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biranjd University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Truong BT, Artinger KB. The power of zebrafish models for understanding the co-occurrence of craniofacial and limb disorders. Genesis 2021; 59:e23407. [PMID: 33393730 PMCID: PMC8153179 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial and limb defects are two of the most common congenital anomalies in the general population. Interestingly, these defects are not mutually exclusive. Many patients with craniofacial phenotypes, such as orofacial clefting and craniosynostosis, also present with limb defects, including polydactyly, syndactyly, brachydactyly, or ectrodactyly. The gene regulatory networks governing craniofacial and limb development initially seem distinct from one another, and yet these birth defects frequently occur together. Both developmental processes are highly conserved among vertebrates, and zebrafish have emerged as an advantageous model due to their high fecundity, relative ease of genetic manipulation, and transparency during development. Here we summarize studies that have used zebrafish models to study human syndromes that present with both craniofacial and limb phenotypes. We discuss the highly conserved processes of craniofacial and limb/fin development and describe recent zebrafish studies that have explored the function of genes associated with human syndromes with phenotypes in both structures. We attempt to identify commonalities between the two to help explain why craniofacial and limb anomalies often occur together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany T. Truong
- Human Medical Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristin Bruk Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Den Ottelander BK, Van Veelen MC, De Goederen R, Van De Beeten SDC, Dremmen MHG, Loudon SE, Versnel SL, Van Den Ouweland AMW, Van Dooren MF, Joosten KFM, Mathijssen IMJ. Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: long-term outcome of a syndrome-specific management protocol. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:104-110. [PMID: 32909287 PMCID: PMC7754116 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the long-term outcomes of our management protocol for Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, which includes one-stage fronto-orbital advancement. METHOD All patients born with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome between January 1992 and March 2017 were included. Evaluated parameters included occipital frontal head circumference (OFC), fundoscopy, neuroimaging (ventricular size, tonsillar position, and the presence of collaterals/an abnormal transverse sinus), polysomnography, and ophthalmological outcomes. The relationship between papilledema and its associated risk factors was evaluated with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (21 females, 11 males) were included. Median (SD) age at first surgery was 9.6 months (3.1mo) for patients who were primarily referred to our center (range: 3.6-13.0mo), the median (SD) age at last follow-up was 13 years (5y 7mo; range: 3-25y). Seven patients had papilledema preoperatively, which recurred in two. Two patients had papilledema solely after first surgery. Second cranial vault expansion was indicated in 20%. Thirteen patients had an OFC deflection, indicating restricted skull growth, one patient had ventriculomegaly, and none developed hydrocephalus. Eleven patients had emissary veins, while the transverse sinus was aberrant unilaterally in 13 (hypoplastic n=10 and absent n=3). Four patients had mild tonsillar descent, one of which was a Chiari type I malformation. Four patients had obstructive sleep apnoea (two mild, one moderate, and one severe). An aberrant transverse sinus was associated with papilledema (p=0.01). INTERPRETATION Single one-stage fronto-orbital advancement was sufficient to prevent intracranial hypertension for 80% of our patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Follow-up should focus on OFC deflection and venous anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca K Den Ottelander
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand SurgeryDutch Craniofacial CenterErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marie‐Lise C Van Veelen
- Department of NeurosurgeryErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Robbin De Goederen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand SurgeryDutch Craniofacial CenterErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Stephanie DC Van De Beeten
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand SurgeryDutch Craniofacial CenterErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marjolein HG Dremmen
- Department of RadiologyErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje E Loudon
- Department of OphthalmologyErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sarah L Versnel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand SurgeryDutch Craniofacial CenterErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Ans MW Van Den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Van Dooren
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Koen FM Joosten
- Pediatric Intensive Care UnitErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Irene MJ Mathijssen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand SurgeryDutch Craniofacial CenterErasmus MC – Sophia Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
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Yoon JG, Hahn HM, Choi S, Kim SJ, Aum S, Yu JW, Park EK, Shim KW, Lee MG, Kim YO. Molecular Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. Neurosurgery 2020; 87:294-302. [PMID: 31754721 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis (CRS). However, the molecular diagnosis of CRS in clinical practice is limited because of its heterogeneous etiology. OBJECTIVE To investigate the genomic landscape of CRS in a Korean cohort and also to establish a practical diagnostic workflow by applying targeted panel sequencing. METHODS We designed a customized panel covering 34 CRS-related genes using in-solution hybrid capture method. We enrolled 110 unrelated Korean patients with CRS, including 40 syndromic and 70 nonsyndromic cases. A diagnostic pipeline was established by combining in-depth clinical reviews and multiple bioinformatics tools for analyzing single-nucleotide variants (SNV)s and copy number variants (CNV)s. RESULTS The diagnostic yield of the targeted panel was 30.0% (33/110). Twenty-five patients (22.7%) had causal genetic variations resulting from SNVs or indels in 9 target genes (TWIST1, FGFR3, TCF12, ERF, FGFR2, ALPL, EFNB1, FBN1, and SKI, in order of frequency). CNV analysis identified 8 (7.3%) additional patients with chromosomal abnormalities involving 1p32.3p31.3, 7p21.1, 10q26, 15q21.3, 16p11.2, and 17p13.3 regions; these cases mostly presented with syndromic clinical features. CONCLUSION The present study shows the wide genomic landscape of CRS, revealing various genetic factors for CRS pathogenesis. In addition, the results demonstrate that an efficient diagnostic workup using target panel sequencing provides great clinical utility in the molecular diagnosis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon G Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Hahn
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sowon Aum
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Won Shim
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Oock Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Walters ME, Lacassie Y, Azamian M, Franciskovich R, Zapata G, Hernandez PP, Liu P, Campbell IM, Bostwick BL, Lalani SR. Vertical transmission of a large calvarial ossification defect due to heterozygous variants of ALX4 and TWIST1. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:916-922. [PMID: 33369125 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ALX4 is a homeobox gene expressed in the mesenchyme of developing bone and is known to play an important role in the regulation of osteogenesis. Enlarged parietal foramina (EPF) is a phenotype of delayed intramembranous ossification of calvarial bones due to variants of ALX4. The contrasting phenotype of premature ossification of sutures is observed with heterozygous loss-of-function variants of TWIST1, which is an important regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Here, we describe an individual with a large cranium defect, with dominant transmission from the mother, both carrying disease causing heterozygous variants in ALX4 and TWIST1. The distinct phenotype of absent superior and posterior calvarium in the child and his mother was in sharp contrast to the other affected maternal relatives with a recognizable ALX4-related EPF phenotype. This report demonstrates comorbid disorders of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and EPF in a mother and her child, resulting in severe skull defects reminiscent of calvarial abnormalities observed with bilallelic ALX4 variants. To our knowledge this is the first instance of ALX4 and TWIST1 variants acting synergistically to cause a unique phenotype influencing skull ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Walters
- Division of Dermatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Yves Lacassie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, and Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mahshid Azamian
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel Franciskovich
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gladys Zapata
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia P Hernandez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ian M Campbell
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bret L Bostwick
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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46
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Fan Y, Gu X, Zhang J, Sinn K, Klepetko W, Wu N, Foris V, Solymosi P, Kwapiszewska G, Kuebler WM. TWIST1 Drives Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Pulmonary Hypertension via Loss of GATA-6 and BMPR2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1283-1296. [PMID: 32692930 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201909-1884oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor TWIST1 (Twist-related protein 1) controls cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue development and disease processes. Recently, endothelial TWIST1 has been linked to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, yet the role of TWIST1 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remains so far unclear.Objectives: To define the role of TWIST1 in SMCs in the pathogenesis of PH.Methods: SMC-specific TWIST1-deficient mice, SMC-specific TWIST1 silencing in rats, mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to delineate the role of SMC TWIST1 in PH.Measurements and Main Results: In pulmonary vessels from patients with PH and rodent PH models, TWIST1 expression was markedly increased and predominantly localized to SMCs. SMC-specific TWIST1 deficiency or silencing attenuated the development of PH and distal vessel muscularization in chronically hypoxic mice and in monocrotaline-treated rats. In vitro, TWIST1 inhibition or silencing prevented pulmonary artery SMC proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, the observed effects were mediated, at least in part, by TWIST1-dependent degradation of GATA-6 (GATA-binding protein 6). BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2) was identified as a novel downstream target of GATA-6, which directly binds to its promoter. Inhibition of TWIST1 promoted the recruitment of GATA-6 to the BMPR2 promoter and restored BMPR2 functional expression.Conclusions: Our findings identify a key role for SMC TWIST1 in the pathogenesis of lung vascular remodeling and in PH that is partially mediated via reduced GATA-6-dependent BMPR2 expression. Inhibition of SMC TWIST1 may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, and
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, and
| | - Katharina Sinn
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philip Solymosi
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | | | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
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47
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Rizell S, Karlsson P, Ransjö M, Westerlund A, Yehia Z, Kölby L. Lateral and Frontal Cephalometric Measurements in a Cohort With Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:838-846. [PMID: 33153317 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620969292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Descriptions of the craniofacial morphology in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) are primarily based on case reports or visual assessments of affected families. The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric measurements of the craniofacial skeleton in a cohort of individuals with SCS and age- and sex-matched individuals without craniofacial anomalies. DESIGN Retrospective case series. PATIENTS Eight girls and 4 boys with SCS (age range, 7.0-19.2 years). METHODS Cephalometric measurements were performed using lateral and frontal cephalograms. RESULTS Most of the individuals with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome exhibited lower values for SNA, SNB, s-n and s-ar, while their NSL/NL, NSL/ML, NL/ML, and n-s-ba values were higher than the respective mean reference values for healthy individuals. In comparison with age- and sex-matched individuals without craniofacial anomalies, the individuals with SCS showed higher values for the maxillary and mandibular angular measurements, as well as for the menton midline angle. CONCLUSIONS This sample of 12 unrelated individuals with SCS is the largest collected to date for cephalometric measurements. We found that the syndrome is associated with bimaxillary retrognathism, posterior maxillary and mandibular inclination, neutral sagittal relation as well as a tendency toward an open vertical skeletal relation, a short and flattened skull base, and facial asymmetry, as compared to individuals without the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rizell
- Clinic of Orthodontics, Gothenburg, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Peter Karlsson
- Fjärås Public Dental Service Clinic, 3572Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Maria Ransjö
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, 3570University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerlund
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, 3570University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zakaria Yehia
- Fridhemsplan Public Dental Service Clinic, 7674Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Kölby
- The Sahlgrenska Academy, 3570University of Gothenburg and Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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48
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Reynolds K, Zhang S, Sun B, Garland M, Ji Y, Zhou CJ. Genetics and signaling mechanisms of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1588-1634. [PMID: 32666711 PMCID: PMC7883771 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development involves several complex tissue movements including several fusion processes to form the frontonasal and maxillary structures, including the upper lip and palate. Each of these movements are controlled by many different factors that are tightly regulated by several integral morphogenetic signaling pathways. Subject to both genetic and environmental influences, interruption at nearly any stage can disrupt lip, nasal, or palate fusion and result in a cleft. Here, we discuss many of the genetic risk factors that may contribute to the presentation of orofacial clefts in patients, and several of the key signaling pathways and underlying cellular mechanisms that control lip and palate formation, as identified primarily through investigating equivalent processes in animal models, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Michael Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Chengji J. Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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49
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A de novo frameshift mutation in ZEB2 causes polledness, abnormal skull shape, small body stature and subfertility in Fleckvieh cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17032. [PMID: 33046754 PMCID: PMC7550345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polledness in cattle is an autosomal dominant trait. Previous studies have revealed allelic heterogeneity at the polled locus and four different variants were identified, all in intergenic regions. In this study, we report a case of polled bull (FV-Polled1) born to horned parents, indicating a de novo origin of this polled condition. Using 50K genotyping and whole genome sequencing data, we identified on chromosome 2 an 11-bp deletion (AC_000159.1:g.52364063_52364073del; Del11) in the second exon of ZEB2 gene as the causal mutation for this de novo polled condition. We predicted that the deletion would shorten the protein product of ZEB2 by almost 91%. Moreover, we showed that all animals carrying Del11 mutation displayed symptoms similar to Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) in humans, which is also associated with genetic variations in ZEB2. The symptoms in cattle include delayed maturity, small body stature and abnormal shape of skull. This is the first report of a de novo dominant mutation affecting only ZEB2 and associated with a genetic absence of horns. Therefore our results demonstrate undoubtedly that ZEB2 plays an important role in the process of horn ontogenesis as well as in the regulation of overall development and growth of animals.
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50
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MYB Proto-oncogene-like 1-TWIST1 Axis Promotes Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:58-69. [PMID: 32637581 PMCID: PMC7327431 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MYB proto-oncogene-like 1 (MYBL1) has been reported to be a strong activator of transcription and plays an important role in the development of cancer. However, the precise biological function and molecular mechanism of MYBL1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remain unclear. In the present study, we found that the expression of MYBL1 was markedly overexpressed in HCC cell lines and HCC samples, respectively. Moreover, MYBL1 expression positively correlated with tumor progression and inversely correlated with patient survival in 368 human HCC tissue samples. Overexpression of MYBL1 induced, whereas knockdown of MYBL1 reduced, HCC proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HCC patients with high MYBL1 expression had significantly shorter overall and poorer disease-free survival than those with low MYBL1 expression. MYBL1 transcriptionally upregulated TWIST1 expression by directly targeting the TWIST1 promoter. More importantly, the in vitro analysis was consistent with the significant correlation between MYBL1 and TWIST1 expression observed in a large cohort of human HCC specimens. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MYBL1 plays an important role in HCC growth and metastasis and reveal a plausible mechanism for upregulation of TWIST1 in HCC.
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