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Ren H, Zhu A, Yang W, Jia Y, Cheng H, Wu Y, Tang Z, Ye W, Sun M, Xie Y, Yu M, Chen Y. 2D Differential Metallic Immunopotentiators Drive High Diversity and Capability of Antigen-specific Immunity Against Tumor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405729. [PMID: 39225346 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of vaccines for treating cancers in clinics remains limited. Here, a rationally designed cancer vaccine by placing immunogenically differential and clinically approved aluminum (Al) or manganese (Mn) in a 2D nanosheet (NS) architecture together with antigens is reported. Structurally optimal NS with a high molar ratio of Mn to Al (MANS-H) features distinctive immune modulation, markedly promoting the influx of heterogeneous innate immune cells at the injection site. Stimulation of multiple subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) significantly increases the levels, subtypes, and functionalities of antigen-specific T cells. MANS-H demonstrates even greater effectiveness in the production of antigen-specific antibodies than the commercial adjuvant (Alhydrogel) by priming T helper (Th)2 cells rather than T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Beyond humoral immunity, MANS-H evokes high frequencies of antigen-specific Th1 and CD8+ cell immunity, which are comparable with Quil-A that is widely used in veterinary vaccines. Immunized mice with MANS-H adjuvanted vaccines exert strong potency in tumor regression by promoting effector T cells infiltrating at tumor and overcoming tumor resistance in multiple highly aggressive tumor models. The engineered immunogen with an intriguing NS architecture and safe immunopotentiators offers the next clinical advance in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200070, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiwen Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhengqi Tang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Weifan Ye
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mayu Sun
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Oyama K, Ueda T. Relationship between protein conformational stability and its immunogenicity when administering antigens to mice using adjuvants-Analysis employed the CH2 domain in human antibodies. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307320. [PMID: 39038003 PMCID: PMC11262634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a crucial role in the immune system by breaking down antigens into peptide fragments that subsequently bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Previous studies indicate that stable proteins can impede CD4+ T cell stimulation by hindering antigen processing and presentation. Conversely, certain proteins require stabilization in order to activate the immune response. Several factors, including the characteristics of the protein and the utilization of different adjuvants in animal experiments, may contribute to this disparity. In this study, we investigated the impact of adjuvants on antigen administration in mice, specifically focusing on the stability of the CH2 domain. Consequently, the CH2 domain induced a stronger IgG response in comparison to the stabilized one when using Alum and PBS (without adjuvant). On the other hand, animal experiment using Freund's adjuvant showed the opposite results. These findings indicate the significance of considering the intrinsic conformational stability of a protein when eliciting its immunogenicity, particularly within the context of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Goetz M, Thotathil N, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S. Vaccine adjuvants for infectious disease in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10663. [PMID: 39036089 PMCID: PMC11256182 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants, materials added to vaccines to enhance the resulting immune response, are important components of vaccination that are many times overlooked. While vaccines always include an antigen to tell the body what to vaccinate to, of equal importance the adjuvant provides the how, a significant factor in producing a complete response. The adjuvant space has been slow to develop with the first use of an adjuvant in a licensed vaccine occurring in the 1930s, and remaining the only adjuvant in licensed vaccines for the next 80 years. However, with vaccination at the forefront of protection against new and complex pathogens, it is important to consider all components when designing an effective vaccine. Here we summarize the adjuvant space in licensed vaccines as well as the novel adjuvant space in clinical trials with a specific focus on the materials utilized and their resulting impact on the immune response. We discuss five major categories of adjuvant materials: aluminum salts, nanoparticles, viral vectors, TLR agonists, and emulsions. For each category, we delve into the current clinical trials space, the impact of these materials on vaccination, as well as some of the ways in which they could be improved. Adjuvants present an exciting opportunity to improve vaccine responses and stability, this review will help inform about the current progress of this space. Translational impact statement In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines for infectious diseases have come into the spotlight. While antigens have always been an important focus of vaccine design, the adjuvant is a significant tool for enhancing the immune response to the vaccine that has been largely underdeveloped. This article provides a broad review of the history of adjuvants and, the current vaccine adjuvant space, and the progress seen in adjuvants in clinical trials. There is specific emphasis on the material landscape for adjuvants and their resulting mechanism of action. Looking ahead, while the novel vaccine adjuvant space features exciting new technologies and materials, there is still a need for more to meet the protective needs of new and complex pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Goetz
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityAllstonMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Naaz Thotathil
- University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy, University of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A Paulson School of Engineering & Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityAllstonMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUSA
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4
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Lavelle EC, McEntee CP. Vaccine adjuvants: Tailoring innate recognition to send the right message. Immunity 2024; 57:772-789. [PMID: 38599170 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants play pivotal roles in vaccine development, enhancing immunization efficacy through prolonged retention and sustained release of antigen, lymph node targeting, and regulation of dendritic cell activation. Adjuvant-induced activation of innate immunity is achieved via diverse mechanisms: for example, adjuvants can serve as direct ligands for pathogen recognition receptors or as inducers of cell stress and death, leading to the release of immunostimulatory-damage-associated molecular patterns. Adjuvant systems increasingly stimulate multiple innate pathways to induce greater potency. Increased understanding of the principles dictating adjuvant-induced innate immunity will subsequently lead to programming specific types of adaptive immune responses. This tailored optimization is fundamental to next-generation vaccines capable of inducing robust and sustained adaptive immune memory across different cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed C Lavelle
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Craig P McEntee
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Galloway DR, Li J, Nguyen NX, Falkenberg FW, Henning L, Krile R, Chou YL, Herron JN, Hale JS, Williamson ED. Co-formulation of the rF1V plague vaccine with depot-formulated cytokines enhances immunogenicity and efficacy to elicit protective responses against aerosol challenge in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1277526. [PMID: 38605961 PMCID: PMC11007139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1277526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated a depot-formulated cytokine-based adjuvant to improve the efficacy of the recombinant F1V (rF1V) plague vaccine and examined the protective response following aerosol challenge in a murine model. The results of this study showed that co-formulation of the Alhydrogel-adsorbed rF1V plague fusion vaccine with the depot-formulated cytokines recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhuIL-2) and/or recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) significantly enhances immunogenicity and significant protection at lower antigen doses against a lethal aerosol challenge. These results provide additional support for the co-application of the depot-formulated IL-2 and/or GM-CSF cytokines to enhance vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell R. Galloway
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nguyen X. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Lisa Henning
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert Krile
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ying-Liang Chou
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - James N. Herron
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - J. Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - E. Diane Williamson
- Chemical Biological Radiological Division, Defense Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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6
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Kinoshita M, Muranishi K, Kawaguchi K, Sudo K, Inoue K, Ishikura H, Sawa T. Immunological Response to Subcutaneous and Intranasal Administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:343. [PMID: 38675726 PMCID: PMC11053469 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the outbreak of acute lung injury due to trans-airway infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the starting point of severe disease. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for a vaccine that prevents not only the disease but also its infection. Currently, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is administered via intramuscular injection and is generally not immunogenic to the mucosa. As a result, current vaccinations fail to reduce viral shedding and transmission and ultimately do not prevent infection. We established a mouse vaccine model in which a single dose of S1 protein and aluminum oxide gel (alum) subcutaneous vaccine was followed by a booster dose of S1 protein and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide intranasal vaccine. The group that received two doses of the intranasal vaccine booster showed a significant increase in IgG and IgA antibody titers against S1 and RBD in serum and BAL, and a significant difference in neutralizing antibody titers, particularly in BAL. One intranasal vaccine booster did not induce sufficient immunity, and the vaccine strategy with two booster intranasal doses produced systemic neutralizing antibodies and mucus-neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. It will be an important tool against the emergence of new viruses and the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Kentaro Muranishi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan; (K.M.); (H.I.)
| | - Ken Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Keita Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan; (K.M.); (H.I.)
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (T.S.)
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7
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. cGLRs Join Their Cousins of Pattern Recognition Receptor Family to Regulate Immune Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1828. [PMID: 38339107 PMCID: PMC10855445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize danger signals such as PAMPs/MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate a protective immune response. TLRs, NLRs, CLRs, and RLRs are well-characterized PRRs of the host immune system. cGLRs have been recently identified as PRRs. In humans, the cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a part of cGLRs. cGAS recognizes cytosolic dsDNA as a PAMP or DAMP to initiate the STING-dependent immune response comprising type 1 IFN release, NF-κB activation, autophagy, and cellular senescence. The present article discusses the emergence of cGLRs as critical PRRs and how they regulate immune responses. We examined the role of cGAS/STING signaling, a well-studied cGLR system, in the activation of the immune system. The following sections discuss the role of cGAS/STING dysregulation in disease and how immune cross-talk with other PRRs maintains immune homeostasis. This understanding will lead to the design of better vaccines and immunotherapeutics for various diseases, including infections, autoimmunity, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
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8
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Yamaguchi M, Mtali YS, Sonokawa H, Takashima K, Fukushima Y, Kouwaki T, Oshiumi H. HPV vaccines induce trained immunity and modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in response to secondary Toll-like receptor stimulations. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:65-74. [PMID: 38105559 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused mostly by human papillomavirus (HPV), and several HPV vaccines have been developed to prevent its onset. Vaccines include antigens as well as adjuvants, with adjuvants playing an important role in activating the innate immune responses necessary for inducing adaptive immunological responses. Recent research has shown the presence of trained immunity inside the innate immune system. However, trained immunity conferred by HPV vaccinations is not well understood. In this work, we explored the innate immune responses and trained immunity caused by two HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil. Cervarix includes monophosphoryl lipid A and an aluminum adjuvant, and it significantly increased the expression of IL-6 and IFN-β mRNAs in RAW264.7 cells. On the contrary, Gardasil, which only includes an aluminum adjuvant, exhibited little cytokine expression but increased the expression of TLRs. Furthermore, Cervarix significantly increased IL-1β secretion from mouse macrophages, while Gardasil only mildly induced IL-1β secretion. Interestingly, initial stimulation with Gardasil enhanced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNAs upon secondary stimulation with TLR ligands, indicating that Gardasil induced trained immunity in macrophages. Moreover, Gardasil injection into mice resulted in enhanced TNF-α production in sera following secondary TLR stimulation. Our findings suggest that HPV vaccinations have the ability to induce trained immunity that modulate TLR ligand responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yamaguchi
- School of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yohana S Mtali
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Ken Takashima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Fukushima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kouwaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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9
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Wang Q, Gao Y, Li Q, He A, Xu Q, Mou Y. Enhancing Dendritic Cell Activation Through Manganese-Coated Nanovaccine Targeting the cGAS-STING Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:263-280. [PMID: 38226319 PMCID: PMC10789576 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s438359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nanovaccines have emerged as a promising vaccination strategy, exhibiting their capacity to deliver antigens and adjuvants to elicit specific immune responses. Despite this potential, optimizing the design and delivery of nanovaccines remains a challenge. Methods In this study, we engineered a dendritic mesoporous silica-based nanocarrier enveloped in a metal-phenolic network (MPN) layer containing divalent manganese ions and tannic acid (MSN@MT). This nanocarrier was tailored for antigen loading to serve as a nanovaccine, aiming to activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway in dendritic cells (DCs). Our experimental approach encompassed both cellular assays and mouse immunizations, allowing a comprehensive evaluation of the nanovaccine's impact on DC activation and its influence on the generation of antigen-specific T-cell responses. Results MSN@MT demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in humoral and cellular immune responses in mice compared to control groups. This highlights the potential of MSN@MT to effectively trigger the cGAS-STING pathway in DCs, resulting in robust immune responses. Conclusion Our study introduces MSN@MT, a unique nanocarrier incorporating divalent manganese ions and tannic acid, showcasing its exceptional ability to amplify immune responses by activating the cGAS-STING pathway in DCs. This innovation signifies a stride in refining nanovaccine design for potent immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Stomatology, the 964 Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ao He
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Tomljenovic L, McHenry LB. A reactogenic "placebo" and the ethics of informed consent in Gardasil HPV vaccine clinical trials: A case study from Denmark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:159-180. [PMID: 38788092 PMCID: PMC11191454 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-230032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical ethics guidelines require of clinical trial investigators and sponsors to inform prospective trial participants of all known and potential risks associated with investigational medical products, and to obtain their free informed consent. These guidelines also require that clinical research be so designed as to minimize harms and maximize benefits. OBJECTIVE To examine Merck's scientific rationale for using a reactogenic aluminum-containing "placebo" in Gardasil HPV vaccine pre-licensure clinical trials. METHODS We examined the informed consent form and the recruitment brochure for the FUTURE II Gardasil vaccine trial conducted in Denmark; and we interviewed several FUTURE II trial participants and their treating physicians. We also reviewed regulatory documentation related to Gardasil vaccine approval process and the guidelines on evaluation of adjuvants used in human vaccines. RESULTS It was found that the vaccine manufacturer Merck made several inaccurate statements to trial participants that compromised their right to informed consent. First, even though the study protocol listed safety testing as one of the study's primary objectives, the recruitment brochure emphasized that FUTURE II was not a safety study, and that the vaccine had already been proven safe. Second, the advertising material for the trial and the informed consent forms stated that the placebo was saline or an inactive substance, when, in fact, it contained Merck's proprietary highly reactogenic aluminum adjuvant which does not appear to have been properly evaluated for safety. Several trial participants experienced chronic disabling symptoms, including some randomized to the adjuvant "placebo" group. CONCLUSION In our view, the administration of a reactive placebo in Gardasil clinical trials was without any possible benefit, needlessly exposed study subjects to risks, and was therefore a violation of medical ethics. The routine use of aluminum adjuvants as "placebos" in vaccine clinical trials is inappropriate as it hinders the discovery of vaccine-related safety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leemon B. McHenry
- Department of Philosophy, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
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11
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Janssens S, Rennen S, Agostinis P. Decoding immunogenic cell death from a dendritic cell perspective. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:350-370. [PMID: 38093416 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are myeloid cells bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. By cross-presenting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) liberated upon spontaneous or therapy-induced tumor cell death to T cells, DCs occupy a pivotal position in the cancer immunity cycle. Over the last decades, the mechanisms linking cancer cell death to DC maturation, have been the focus of intense research. Growing evidence supports the concept that the mere transfer of TAAs during the process of cell death is insufficient to drive immunogenic DC maturation unless this process is coupled with the release of immunomodulatory signals by dying cancer cells. Malignant cells succumbing to a regulated cell death variant called immunogenic cell death (ICD), foster a proficient interface with DCs, enabling their immunogenic maturation and engagement of adaptive immunity against cancer. This property relies on the ability of ICD to exhibit pathogen-mimicry hallmarks and orchestrate the emission of a spectrum of constitutively present or de novo-induced danger signals, collectively known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we discuss how DCs perceive and decode danger signals emanating from malignant cells undergoing ICD and provide an outlook of the major signaling and functional consequences of this interaction for DCs and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Rennen
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Muranishi K, Kinoshita M, Inoue K, Ohara J, Mihara T, Sudo K, Ishii KJ, Sawa T, Ishikura H. Antibody Response Following the Intranasal Administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-CpG Oligonucleotide Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 38276664 PMCID: PMC10818492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus infection causes severe respiratory failure following respiratory tract infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). All currently approved vaccines are administered intramuscularly; however, intranasal administration enhances mucosal immunity, facilitating the production of a less invasive vaccine with fewer adverse events. Herein, a recombinant vaccine combining the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), or S1 protein, with CpG-deoxyoligonucleotide (ODN) or aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvants was administered intranasally or subcutaneously to mice. Serum-specific IgG titers, IgA titers in the alveolar lavage fluid, and neutralizing antibody titers were analyzed. The nasal administration of RBD protein did not increase serum IgG or IgA titers in the alveolar lavage fluid. However, a significant increase in serum IgG was observed in the intranasal group administered with S1 protein with CpG-ODN and the subcutaneous group administered with S1 protein with alum. The IgA and IgG levels increased significantly in the alveolar lavage fluid only after the intranasal administration of the S1 protein with CpG-ODN. The neutralizing antibody titers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly higher in the intranasal S1-CpG group than in every other group. Hence, the nasal administration of the S1 protein vaccine with CpG adjuvant might represent an effective vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Muranishi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan; (K.M.); (H.I.)
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Keita Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Junya Ohara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Toshihito Mihara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan; (K.M.); (H.I.)
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13
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Li YA, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Dieye Y, Wang S, Shi H. Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector outperforms alum as an adjuvant, increasing a cross-protective immune response against Glaesserella parasuis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 287:109915. [PMID: 38000209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The adjuvant and/or vector significantly affect a vaccine's efficacy. Although traditional adjuvants such as alum have contributed to vaccine development, deficiencies in the induction of cellular and mucosal immunity have limited their further promotion. Salmonella vectors have unique advantages for establishing cellular and mucosal immunity due to mucosal pathways of invasion and intracellular parasitism. In addition, Salmonella vectors can activate multiple innate immune pathways, thereby promoting adaptive immune responses. In this work, the attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) vector rSC0016 was used to deliver the conserved protective antigen HPS_06257 of Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis), generating a novel recombinant strain rSC0016(pS-HPS_06257). The rSC0016(pS-HPS_06257) can express and deliver the HPS_06257 protein to the lymphatic system of the host. In comparison to HPS_06257 adjuvanted with alum, rSC0016(pS-HPS_06257) significantly increased TLR4 and TLR5 activation in mice as well as the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, rSC0016 promoted a greater degree of maturation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) than alum. The specific humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses against HPS_06257 in mice immunized with rSC0016(pS-HPS_06257) were significantly higher than those of HPS_06257 adjuvanted with alum. HPS_06257 delivered by the S. Choleraesuis vector induces a Th1-biased Th1/Th2 mixed immune response, while HPS adjuvanted with alum can only induce a Th2-biased immune response. HPS_06257 adjuvanted with alum only causes opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) responses against a homologous strain (G. parasuis serotype 5, GPS5), whereas rSC0016(pS-HPS_06257) could generate cross-OPA responses against a homologous strain and a heterologous strain (G. parasuis serotype 12, GPS12). Ultimately, HPS_06257 adjuvanted with alum protected mice against lethal doses of GPS5 challenge by 60 % but failed to protect mice against lethal doses of GPS12. In contrast, mice immunized with rSC0016(pS-HPS_06257) had 100 % or 80 % survival when challenged with lethal doses of GPS5 or GPS12, respectively. Altogether, the S. Choleraesuis vector rSC0016 could potentially generate an improved innate immune response and an improved adaptive immunological response compared to the traditional alum adjuvant, offering a novel concept for the development of a universal G. parasuis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yakhya Dieye
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, China.
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14
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Du J, Meng X, Ni T, Xiong B, Han Z, Zhu Y, Tu J, Sun H. Mechanism of Innate Immune Response Induced by Albizia julibrissin Saponin Active Fraction Using C2C12 Myoblasts. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1576. [PMID: 37896979 PMCID: PMC10610972 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Albizia julibrissin saponin active fraction (AJSAF), is a prospective adjuvant with dual Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 potentiating activity. Its adjuvant activity has previously been proven to be strictly dependent on its spatial co-localization with antigens, highlighting the role of local innate immunity in its mechanisms. However, its potential targets and pathways remain unclear. Here, its intracellular molecular mechanisms of innate immune response were explored using mouse C2C12 myoblast by integrative analysis of the in vivo and in vitro transcriptome in combination with experimental validations. AJSAF elicited a temporary cytotoxicity and inflammation towards C2C12 cells. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that AJSAF regulated similar cell death- and inflammatory response-related genes in vitro and in vivo through activating second messenger-MAPK-CREB pathways. AJSAF markedly enhanced the Ca2+, cAMP, and reactive oxygen species levels and accelerated MAPK and CREB phosphorylation in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, Ca2+ chelator, CREB inhibitor, and MAPK inhibitors dramatically blocked the up-regulation of IL-6, CXCL1, and COX2 in AJSAF-treated C2C12 cells. Collectively, these results demonstrated that AJSAF induced innate immunity via Ca2+-MAPK-CREB pathways. This study is beneficial for insights into the molecular mechanisms of saponin adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (X.M.); (T.N.); (B.X.); (Z.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Xiang Meng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (X.M.); (T.N.); (B.X.); (Z.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Tiantian Ni
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (X.M.); (T.N.); (B.X.); (Z.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Beibei Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (X.M.); (T.N.); (B.X.); (Z.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Ziyi Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (X.M.); (T.N.); (B.X.); (Z.H.); (J.T.)
| | - Yongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China;
| | - Jue Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (X.M.); (T.N.); (B.X.); (Z.H.); (J.T.)
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (X.M.); (T.N.); (B.X.); (Z.H.); (J.T.)
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15
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Javali PS, Sekar M, Kumar A, Thirumurugan K. Dynamics of redox signaling in aging via autophagy, inflammation, and senescence. Biogerontology 2023; 24:663-678. [PMID: 37195483 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Review paper attempts to explain the dynamic aspects of redox signaling in aging through autophagy, inflammation, and senescence. It begins with ROS source in the cell, then states redox signaling in autophagy, and regulation of autophagy in aging. Next, we discuss inflammation and redox signaling with various pathways involved: NOX pathway, ROS production via TNF-α, IL-1β, xanthine oxidase pathway, COX pathway, and myeloperoxidase pathway. Also, we emphasize oxidative damage as an aging marker and the contribution of pathophysiological factors to aging. In senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, we link ROS with senescence, aging disorders. Relevant crosstalk between autophagy, inflammation, and senescence using a balanced ROS level might reduce age-related disorders. Transducing the context-dependent signal communication among these three processes at high spatiotemporal resolution demands other tools like multi-omics aging biomarkers, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. The bewildering advancement of technology in the above areas might progress age-related disorders diagnostics with precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth S Javali
- #412J, Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Mouliganesh Sekar
- #412J, Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- #412J, Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- #412J, Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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16
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Nakagami H, Matsumoto T, Takazawa K, Sekino H, Matsuoka O, Inoue S, Furuie H, Morishita R. Long Term Follow-Up Study of a Randomized, Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Phase I/II Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of Intramuscular and Intradermal Doses of COVID-19 DNA Vaccine (AG0302-COVID19). Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1535. [PMID: 37896939 PMCID: PMC10611071 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies have demonstrated antibody production and infection prevention with an intradermal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) DNA vaccine (AG0302-COVID-19). This clinical trial aimed to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of high doses of AG0302-COVID19 when injected intramuscularly and intradermally. Healthy adults were randomly divided into three intramuscular vaccination groups (2 mg, three times at 2-week intervals; 4 mg, twice at 4-week intervals; and 8 mg, twice at 4-week intervals) and two intradermal groups (1 mg, three times at 2-week intervals or twice at 4-week intervals). After a one-year follow-up, no serious adverse events were related to AG0302-COVID-19. At Week 52, the changes in the geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios of the anti-S antibodies were 2.5, 2.4, and 3.2 in the 2, 4, and 8 mg intramuscular groups, respectively, and 3.2 and 5.1 in the three times and twice injected intradermal groups, respectively. The number of INF-γ-producing cells responsive to S protein increased after the first dose and was sustained for several months. AG0302-COVID-19 showed an acceptable safety profile, but the induction of a humoral immune response was insufficient to justify progressing to a Phase 3 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda Narita, Chiba 286-0124, Japan;
| | - Kenji Takazawa
- Medical Corporation Shinanokai Shinanozaka Clinic, 20 Samon-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0017, Japan
| | - Hisakuni Sekino
- Sekino Clinical Pharmacology Clinic, 3-28-3 Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-0014, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuoka
- Medical Corporation Heishinkai ToCROM Clinic, 4-9, Yotsuyasanei-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0008, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Medical Corporation Heishinkai OCROM Clinic, 4-12-11, Kasuga, Suita 565-0853, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Furuie
- Osaka Pharmacology Clinical Research Hospital, 4-1-29, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan;
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
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17
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Shen K, Zhang M, Zhao R, Li Y, Li C, Hou X, Sun B, Liu B, Xiang M, Lin J. Eosinophil extracellular traps in asthma: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Respir Res 2023; 24:231. [PMID: 37752512 PMCID: PMC10523707 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with significant healthcare costs. Eosinophils, a type of immune cell, play a critical role in the development and progression of asthma. Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular structures composed of DNA, histones, and granulins that eosinophils form and release into the extracellular space as part of the innate immune response. EETs have a protective effect by limiting the migration of pathogens and antimicrobial activity to a controlled range. However, chronic inflammation can lead to the overproduction of EETs, which can trigger and exacerbate allergic asthma. In this review, we examine the role of EETs in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlu Shen
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiheng Zhao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China.
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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18
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Desai DN, Mahal A, Varshney R, Obaidullah AJ, Gupta B, Mohanty P, Pattnaik P, Mohapatra NC, Mishra S, Kandi V, Rabaan AA, Mohapatra RK. Nanoadjuvants: Promising Bioinspired and Biomimetic Approaches in Vaccine Innovation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27953-27968. [PMID: 37576639 PMCID: PMC10413842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are the important part of vaccine manufacturing as they elicit the vaccination effect and enhance the durability of the immune response through controlled release. In light of this, nanoadjuvants have shown unique broad spectrum advantages. As nanoparticles (NPs) based vaccines are fast-acting and better in terms of safety and usability parameters as compared to traditional vaccines, they have attracted the attention of researchers. A vaccine nanocarrier is another interesting and promising area for the development of next-generation vaccines for prophylaxis. This review looks at the various nanoadjuvants and their structure-function relationships. It compiles the state-of-art literature on numerous nanoadjuvants to help domain researchers orient their understanding and extend their endeavors in vaccines research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv N. Desai
- Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department
of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University−Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, Banaras
Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, India
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- School
of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Pratikhya Mohanty
- Bioenergy
Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT
Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Snehasish Mishra
- Bioenergy
Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT
Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department
of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical
Sciences, Karimnagar 505 417, Telangana, India
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular
Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco
Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College
of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Public Health and Nutrition, The University
of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, Odisha, India
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19
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Ren H, Jia W, Xie Y, Yu M, Chen Y. Adjuvant physiochemistry and advanced nanotechnology for vaccine development. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5172-5254. [PMID: 37462107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines comprising innovative adjuvants are rapidly reaching advanced translational stages, such as the authorized nanotechnology adjuvants in mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 worldwide, offering new strategies to effectively combat diseases threatening human health. Adjuvants are vital ingredients in vaccines, which can augment the degree, extensiveness, and longevity of antigen specific immune response. The advances in the modulation of physicochemical properties of nanoplatforms elevate the capability of adjuvants in initiating the innate immune system and adaptive immunity, offering immense potential for developing vaccines against hard-to-target infectious diseases and cancer. In this review, we provide an essential introduction of the basic principles of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination, key roles of adjuvants in augmenting and shaping immunity to achieve desired outcomes and effectiveness, and the physiochemical properties and action mechanisms of clinically approved adjuvants for humans. We particularly focus on the preclinical and clinical progress of highly immunogenic emerging nanotechnology adjuvants formulated in vaccines for cancer treatment or infectious disease prevention. We deliberate on how the immune system can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues (e.g., chirality, deformability, solubility, topology, and chemical structures) of nanotechnology adjuvants incorporated in the vaccines. Finally, we propose possible strategies to accelerate the clinical implementation of nanotechnology adjuvanted vaccines, such as in-depth elucidation of nano-immuno interactions, antigen identification and optimization by the deployment of high-dimensional multiomics analysis approaches, encouraging close collaborations among scientists from different scientific disciplines and aggressive exploration of novel nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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20
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Zhao T, Cai Y, Jiang Y, He X, Wei Y, Yu Y, Tian X. Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:283. [PMID: 37468460 PMCID: PMC10356842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which the innate immune response controls the antigen-specific response, the adjuvants' action mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated. Adjuvants can be categorized as immunostimulants and delivery systems. Immunostimulants are danger signal molecules that lead to the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by targeting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to promote the production of antigen signals and co-stimulatory signals, which in turn enhance the adaptive immune responses. On the other hand, delivery systems are carrier materials that facilitate antigen presentation by prolonging the bioavailability of the loaded antigens, as well as targeting antigens to lymph nodes or APCs. The adjuvants' action mechanisms are systematically summarized at the beginning of this review. This is followed by an introduction of the mechanisms, properties, and progress of classical vaccine adjuvants. Furthermore, since some of the adjuvants under investigation exhibit greater immune activation potency than classical adjuvants, which could compensate for the deficiencies of classical adjuvants, a summary of the adjuvant platforms under investigation is subsequently presented. Notably, we highlight the different action mechanisms and immunological properties of these adjuvant platforms, which will provide a wide range of options for the rational design of different vaccines. On this basis, this review points out the development prospects of vaccine adjuvants and the problems that should be paid attention to in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingmei Zhao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Cai
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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21
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Corripio-Miyar Y, MacLeod CL, Mair I, Mellanby RJ, Moore BD, McNeilly TN. Self-Adjuvanting Calcium-Phosphate-Coated Microcrystal-Based Vaccines Induce Pyroptosis in Human and Livestock Immune Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1229. [PMID: 37515044 PMCID: PMC10385459 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful vaccines require adjuvants able to activate the innate immune system, eliciting antigen-specific immune responses and B-cell-mediated antibody production. However, unwanted secondary effects and the lack of effectiveness of traditional adjuvants has prompted investigation into novel adjuvants in recent years. Protein-coated microcrystals modified with calcium phosphate (CaP-PCMCs) in which vaccine antigens are co-immobilised within amino acid crystals represent one of these promising self-adjuvanting vaccine delivery systems. CaP-PCMCs has been shown to enhance antigen-specific IgG responses in mouse models; however, the exact mechanism of action of these microcrystals is currently unclear. Here, we set out to investigate this mechanism by studying the interaction between CaP-PCMCs and mammalian immune cells in an in vitro system. Incubation of cells with CaP-PCMCs induced rapid pyroptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells from cattle, sheep and humans, which was accompanied by the release of interleukin-1β and the activation of Caspase-1. We show that this pyroptotic event was cell-CaP-PCMCs contact dependent, and neither soluble calcium nor microcrystals without CaP (soluble PCMCs) induced pyroptosis. Our results corroborate CaP-PCMCs as a promising delivery system for vaccine antigens, showing great potential for subunit vaccines where the enhancement or find tuning of adaptive immunity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clair Lyle MacLeod
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Iris Mair
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Barry D Moore
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
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22
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Ye Y, Jiang M, Hong X, Fu Y, Chen Y, Wu H, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhou E, Wang J, Yang Z. Quercetin Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Intestinal Damage by Suppressing Inflammation and Ferroptosis in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37392437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most prevalent mycotoxins found in food and feed, can cause gastrointestinal inflammation and systemic immunosuppression, presenting a serious hazard to human and animal health. Quercetin (QUE) is a plant polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this research, we investigated the potential function of QUE as a treatment for DON-induced intestinal damage. Thirty male specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice were randomly allocated to treatment with QUE (50 mg/kg) and/or DON (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg). We found that QUE attenuated DON-induced intestinal damage in mice by improving jejunal structural injury and changing tight junction proteins (claudin-1, claudin-3, ZO-1, and occludin) levels. QUE also suppressed DON-triggered intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, QUE decreased the oxidative stress caused by DON by enhancing the concentrations of SOD and GSH, while diminishing the contents of MDA. In particular, QUE reduced DON-induced intestinal ferroptosis. DON-induced intestinal damage elevated TfR and 4HNE levels, along with transcription levels of ferroptosis-related genes (PTGS2, ACSL4, and HAMP1) while diminishing mRNA levels of FTH1, SLC7A11, GPX4, FPN1, and FSP1, all of which were reversed by QUE treatment. Our findings imply that QUE alleviates DON-induced intestinal injury in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and ferroptosis. In this study, we elucidate the toxicological mechanism of DON, provide a basic foundation or theory for future DON prevention and treatment, and explore strategies to prevent and alleviate DON's hazardous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrong Ye
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingzhen Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyao Hong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiwu Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yichun Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hanpeng Wu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Youpeng Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ershun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
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23
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Zhang T, He P, Guo D, Chen K, Hu Z, Zou Y. Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1756. [PMID: 37376204 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hundreds of different adjuvants have been tried, aluminum-containing adjuvants are by far the most widely used currently. It is worth mentioning that although aluminum-containing adjuvants have been commonly applied in vaccine production, their acting mechanism remains not completely clear. Thus far, researchers have proposed the following mechanisms: (1) depot effect, (2) phagocytosis, (3) activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway NLRP3, (4) host cell DNA release, and other mechanisms of action. Having an overview on recent studies to increase our comprehension on the mechanisms by which aluminum-containing adjuvants adsorb antigens and the effects of adsorption on antigen stability and immune response has become a mainstream research trend. Aluminum-containing adjuvants can enhance immune response through a variety of molecular pathways, but there are still significant challenges in designing effective immune-stimulating vaccine delivery systems with aluminum-containing adjuvants. At present, studies on the acting mechanism of aluminum-containing adjuvants mainly focus on aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. This review will take aluminum phosphate as a representative to discuss the immune stimulation mechanism of aluminum phosphate adjuvants and the differences between aluminum phosphate adjuvants and aluminum hydroxide adjuvants, as well as the research progress on the improvement of aluminum phosphate adjuvants (including the improvement of the adjuvant formula, nano-aluminum phosphate adjuvants and a first-grade composite adjuvant containing aluminum phosphate). Based on such related knowledge, determining optimal formulation to develop effective and safe aluminium-containing adjuvants for different vaccines will become more substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Sinovac Biotech Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Peng He
- Division of Hepatitis Virus & Enterovirus Vaccines, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102619, China
| | - Dejia Guo
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Kaixi Chen
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
| | - Zhongyu Hu
- Division of Hepatitis Virus & Enterovirus Vaccines, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102619, China
| | - Yening Zou
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 102601, China
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Choi YA, Dhakal H, Lee S, Kim N, Lee B, Kwon TK, Khang D, Kim SH. IRF3 Activation in Mast Cells Promotes FcεRI-Mediated Allergic Inflammation. Cells 2023; 12:1493. [PMID: 37296614 PMCID: PMC10252328 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aims to elucidate a novel non-transcriptional action of IRF3 in addition to its role as a transcription factor in mast cell activation and associated allergic inflammation; (2) Methods: For in vitro experiments, mouse bone-marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs) and a rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-2H3) were used for investigating the underlying mechanism of IRF3 in mast-cell-mediated allergic inflammation. For in vivo experiments, wild-type and Irf3 knockout mice were used for evaluating IgE-mediated local and systemic anaphylaxis; (3) Results: Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA)-induced tissues showed highly increased IRF3 activity. In addition, the activation of IRF3 was observed in DNP-HSA-treated mast cells. Phosphorylated IRF3 by DNP-HSA was spatially co-localized with tryptase according to the mast cell activation process, and FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways directly regulated that activity. The alteration of IRF3 affected the production of granule contents in the mast cells and the anaphylaxis responses, including PCA- and ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis. Furthermore, IRF3 influenced the post-translational processing of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which is required for granule maturation; and (4) Conclusion: Through this study, we demonstrated the novel function of IRF3 as an important factor inducing mast cell activation and as an upstream molecule for HDC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ae Choi
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.C.); (H.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Hima Dhakal
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.C.); (H.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Namkyung Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.C.); (H.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.C.); (H.D.); (N.K.)
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25
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Brai A, Poggialini F, Pasqualini C, Trivisani CI, Vagaggini C, Dreassi E. Progress towards Adjuvant Development: Focus on Antiviral Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9225. [PMID: 37298177 PMCID: PMC10253057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, vaccines have been extraordinary resources to prevent pathogen diffusion and cancer. Even if they can be formed by a single antigen, the addition of one or more adjuvants represents the key to enhance the response of the immune signal to the antigen, thus accelerating and increasing the duration and the potency of the protective effect. Their use is of particular importance for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or immunocompromised people. Despite their importance, only in the last forty years has the search for novel adjuvants increased, with the discovery of novel classes of immune potentiators and immunomodulators. Due to the complexity of the cascades involved in immune signal activation, their mechanism of action remains poorly understood, even if significant discovery has been recently made thanks to recombinant technology and metabolomics. This review focuses on the classes of adjuvants under research, recent mechanism of action studies, as well as nanodelivery systems and novel classes of adjuvants that can be chemically manipulated to create novel small molecule adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudia Immacolata Trivisani
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
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26
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Otsuka Saito K, Fujita F, Toriyama M, Utami RA, Guo Z, Murakami M, Kato H, Suzuki Y, Okada F, Tominaga M, Ishii KJ. Roles of TRPM4 in immune responses in keratinocytes and identification of a novel TRPM4-activating agent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 654:1-9. [PMID: 36871485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a protective interface between the internal organs and environment and functions not only as a physical barrier but also as an immune organ. However, the immune system in the skin is not fully understood. A member of the thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family, TRPM4, which acts as a regulatory receptor in immune cells, was recently reported to be expressed in human skin and keratinocytes. However, the function of TRPM4 in immune responses in keratinocytes has not been investigated. In this study, we found that treatment with BTP2, a known TRPM4 agonist, reduced cytokine production induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and in immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). This cytokine-reducing effect was not observed in TRPM4-deficient HaCaT cells, indicating that TRPM4 contributed to the control of cytokine production in keratinocytes. Furthermore, we identified aluminum potassium sulfate, as a new TRPM4 activating agent. Aluminum potassium sulfate reduced Ca2+ influx by store-operated Ca2+ entry in human TRPM4-expressing HEK293T cells. We further confirmed that aluminum potassium sulfate evoked TRPM4-mediated currents, showing direct evidence for TRPM4 activation. Moreover, treatment with aluminum potassium sulfate reduced cytokine expression induced by TNFα in HaCaT cells. Taken together, our data suggested that TRPM4 may serve as a new target for the treatment of skin inflammatory reactions by suppressing the cytokine production in keratinocytes, and aluminum potassium sulfate is a useful ingredient to prevent undesirable skin inflammation through TRPM4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Otsuka Saito
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Fundamental Research Institute, Mandom Corp., 5-12, Juniken-Cho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Mock Up Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), 7-6-8, Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
| | - Fumitaka Fujita
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Fundamental Research Institute, Mandom Corp., 5-12, Juniken-Cho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Mock Up Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), 7-6-8, Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Manami Toriyama
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Mock Up Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), 7-6-8, Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-Cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ratna Annisa Utami
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Zhihan Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Murakami
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Technical Development Center, Mandom Corp., 5-12, Juniken-Cho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Mock Up Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), 7-6-8, Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Suzuki
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1, Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan; Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1, Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1, Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiology, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Okada
- Fundamental Research Institute, Mandom Corp., 5-12, Juniken-Cho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1, Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan; Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1, Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1, Aza-higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Mock Up Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), 7-6-8, Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan; Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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27
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Zou Y, Liu X, Chen Q, Oku H, Ma G, Wu J. Acid-Responsive Immune-Enhancing Chitosan Formulation Capable of Transforming from Particle Stabilization to Polymer Chain Stabilization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11403-11415. [PMID: 36825996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan with pH sensitivity and biocompatibility was selected to prepare chitosan nanoparticle-stabilized Pickering emulsion (CSPE). The flexibility of CSPE enables stress deformation when in contact with cell membranes, thereby mimicking the deformability of natural pathogens and facilitating their efficient uptake by cells. In the acidic environment of lysosomes, the amino groups of chitosan molecules are protonated, and the water solubility increases. CSPE transforms from particle-stabilized to polymer chain-stabilized, its subsequent swelling and proton accumulation lead to lysosome rupture. The experimental results evaluating CSPE as an adjuvant shows that CSPE could efficiently load antigens, promote endocytosis and antigen cross-presentation, recruit antigen-presenting cells at the injection site, boost T-cell activation, and enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses. In the prophylactic and therapeutic tumor models of E.G7-OVA lymphoma and B16-MUC1 melanoma, CSPE significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of mice. In summary, antigenic lysosomal escape resulted from the chitosan molecular state transition is the key to the enhancement of cellular immunity by CSPE, and CSPE is a promising vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Ota, Gunma 373-0057, Japan
| | - Qiuting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hiroyuki Oku
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Ota, Gunma 373-0057, Japan
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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28
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Hendy DA, Johnson-Weaver BT, Batty CJ, Bachelder EM, Abraham SN, Staats HF, Ainslie KM. Delivery of small molecule mast cell activators for West Nile Virus vaccination using acetalated dextran microparticles. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122658. [PMID: 36731641 PMCID: PMC9975031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the activation of mast cells to promote vaccine efficacy. Several mast cell activating (MCA) compounds have been reported such as M7 and Compound 48/80 (C48/80). While these MCAs have been proven to be efficacious vaccine adjuvants, their translatability is limited by batch-to-batch variability, challenging large-scale manufacturing, and poor in vivo stability for the M7 peptide. Due to this, high throughput screening was performed to identify small molecule MCAs. Several potent MCAs were identified via this screening, but the in vivo translatability of the compounds was limited due to their poor aqueous solubility. To enhance the delivery of these MCAs we encapsulated them in acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles (MPs). We have previously utilized Ace-DEX MPs for vaccine delivery due to their passive targeting to phagocytic cells, acid sensitivity, and tunable degradation. Four different MCA loaded MPs were combined with West Nile Virus Envelope III protein (EDIII) and their vaccine adjuvant activities were compared in vivo. MPs containing the small molecule MCA ST101036 produced the highest anti-EDIII IgG titers of all the MCAs tested. Further, ST101036 MPs produced higher titers than ST101036 formulated with PEG as a cosolvent which highlights the benefit of Ace-DEX MPs over a conventional formulation technique. Finally, in a mouse model of West Nile Virus infection ST101036 MPs produced similar survival to soluble M7 (80-90%). Overall, these data show that ST101036 MPs produce a robust antibody response against EDIII and survival emphasizing the benefits of using Ace-DEX as a delivery platform for the poorly soluble ST101036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Cole J Batty
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Herman F Staats
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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29
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Wu F, Qin M, Wang H, Sun X. Nanovaccines to combat virus-related diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1857. [PMID: 36184873 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The invention and application of vaccines have made tremendous contributions to fight against pandemics for human beings. However, current vaccines still have shortcomings such as insufficient cellular immunity, the lack of cross-protection, and the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the prevention and control of pandemic viruses including Ebola Virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Influenza A viruses, Zika, and current SARS-CoV-2 are still extremely challenging. Nanoparticles with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, hold promising potentials for the development of ideal vaccines against these viral infections. Moreover, the approval of the first nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine BNT162b has established historic milestones that greatly inspired the clinical translation of nanovaccines. Given the safety and extensive application of subunit vaccines, and the rapid rise of mRNA vaccines, this review mainly focuses on these two vaccine strategies and provides an overview of the nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery platforms to tackle the current and next global health challenges. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Peletta A, Lemoine C, Courant T, Collin N, Borchard G. Meeting vaccine formulation challenges in an emergency setting: Towards the development of accessible vaccines. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106699. [PMID: 36796463 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered one of the most successful strategies to prevent infectious diseases. In the event of a pandemic or epidemic, the rapid development and distribution of the vaccine to the population is essential to reduce mortality, morbidity and transmission. As seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the production and distribution of vaccines has been challenging, in particular for resource-constrained settings, essentially slowing down the process of achieving global coverage. Pricing, storage, transportation and delivery requirements of several vaccines developed in high-income countries resulted in limited access for low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The capacity to manufacture vaccines locally would greatly improve global vaccine access. In particular, for the development of classical subunit vaccines, the access to vaccine adjuvants is a pre-requisite for more equitable access to vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants are agents required to augment or potentiate, and possibly target the specific immune response to such type of vaccine antigens. Openly accessible or locally produced vaccine adjuvants may allow for faster immunization of the global population. For local research and development of adjuvanted vaccines to expand, knowledge on vaccine formulation is of paramount importance. In this review, we aim to discuss the optimal characteristics of a vaccine developed in an emergency setting by focusing on the importance of vaccine formulation, appropriate use of adjuvants and how this may help overcome barriers for vaccine development and production in LMICs, achieve improved vaccine regimens, delivery and storage requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Peletta
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Lemoine
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Courant
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Advances on the early cellular events occurring upon exposure of human macrophages to aluminum oxyhydroxide adjuvant. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3198. [PMID: 36823452 PMCID: PMC9950428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum compounds are the most widely used adjuvants in veterinary and human vaccines. Despite almost a century of use and substantial advances made in recent decades about their fate and biological effects, the exact mechanism of their action has been continuously debated, from the initial "depot-theory" to the direct immune system stimulation, and remains elusive. Here we investigated the early in vitro response of primary human PBMCs obtained from healthy individuals to aluminum oxyhydroxide (the most commonly used adjuvant) and a whole vaccine, in terms of internalization, conventional and non-conventional autophagy pathways, inflammation, ROS production, and mitochondrial metabolism. During the first four hours of contact, aluminum oxyhydroxide particles, with or without adsorbed vaccine antigen, (1) were quickly recognized and internalized by immune cells; (2) increased and balanced two cellular clearance mechanisms, i.e. canonical autophagy and LC3-associated phagocytosis; (3) induced an inflammatory response with TNF-α production as an early event; (4) and altered mitochondrial metabolism as assessed by both decreased maximal oxygen consumption and reduced mitochondrial reserve, thus potentially limiting further adaptation to other energetic requests. Further studies should consider a multisystemic approach of the cellular adjuvant mechanism involving interconnections between clearance mechanism, inflammatory response and mitochondrial respiration.
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32
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Chen X. Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122559. [PMID: 36586639 PMCID: PMC9794530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of vaccines have been delivered into the muscular tissue. Skin contains large amounts of antigen-presenting cells and has been recognized as a more immunogenic site for vaccine delivery. Intradermal delivery has been approved to improve influenza vaccine efficacy and spare influenza vaccine doses. In response to the recent monkeypox outbreak, intradermal delivery has been also approved to stretch the limited monkeypox vaccine doses to immunize more people at risk. Incorporation of vaccine adjuvants is promising to further increase intradermal vaccine efficacy and spare more vaccine doses. Yet, intradermal vaccination is associated with more significant local reactions than intramuscular vaccination. Thus, adjuvants suitable to boost intradermal vaccination need to have a good local safety without inducing overt local reactions. This review introduces currently approved adjuvants in licensed human vaccines and their relative reactogenicity for intradermal delivery and then introduces emerging chemical and physical adjuvants with a good local safety to boost intradermal vaccination. The rational to develop physical adjuvants, the types of physical adjuvants, and the unique advantages of physical adjuvants to boost intradermal vaccination are also introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
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Srisomboon Y, Iijima K, Colwell M, Maniak PJ, Macchietto M, Faulk C, Kita H, O'Grady SM. Allergen-induced DNA release by the airway epithelium amplifies type 2 immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:494-508.e6. [PMID: 36306937 PMCID: PMC10324884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternaria alternata and house dust mite exposure evokes IL-33 secretion from the airway epithelium, which functions as an alarmin to stimulate type 2 immunity. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is also an alarmin that intensifies inflammation in cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. OBJECTIVE We investigated the mechanisms underlying allergen-evoked DNA mobilization and release from the airway epithelium and determined the role of eDNA in type 2 immunity. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial (hBE) cells were used to characterize allergen-induced DNA mobilization and extracellular release using comet assays to measure DNA fragmentation, Qubit double-stranded DNA assays to measure DNA release, and DNA sequencing to determine eDNA composition. Mice were used to investigate the role of eDNA in type 2 immunity. RESULTS Alternaria extract rapidly induces mitochondrial and nuclear DNA release from human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas house dust mite extract induces mitochondrial DNA release. Caspase-3 is responsible for nuclear DNA fragmentation and becomes activated after cleavage by furin. Analysis of secreted nuclear DNA showed disproportionally higher amounts of promotor and exon sequences and lower intron and intergenic regions compared to predictions of random DNA fragmentation. In mice, Alternaria-induced type 2 immune responses were blocked by pretreatment with a DNA scavenger. In caspase-3-deficient mice, Alternaria-induced DNA release was suppressed. Furthermore, intranasal administration of mouse genomic DNA with Alternaria amplified secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid while DNA alone had no effect. CONCLUSION These findings highlight a novel, allergen-induced mechanism of rapid DNA release that amplifies type 2 immunity in airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotesawee Srisomboon
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Mathia Colwell
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Peter J Maniak
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Marissa Macchietto
- Minnesota Super Computing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn.
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Muñoz-Wolf N, Ward RW, Hearnden CH, Sharp FA, Geoghegan J, O’Grady K, McEntee CP, Shanahan KA, Guy C, Bowie AG, Campbell M, Roces C, Anderluzzi G, Webb C, Perrie Y, Creagh E, Lavelle EC. Non-canonical inflammasome activation mediates the adjuvanticity of nanoparticles. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100899. [PMID: 36652908 PMCID: PMC9873954 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The non-canonical inflammasome sensor caspase-11 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) drive inflammation and pyroptosis, a type of immunogenic cell death that favors cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. Here we show that caspase-11 and GSDMD are required for CD8+ and Th1 responses induced by nanoparticulate vaccine adjuvants. We demonstrate that nanoparticle-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are size dependent and essential for CMI, and we identify 50- to 60-nm nanoparticles as optimal inducers of ROS, GSDMD activation, and Th1 and CD8+ responses. We reveal a division of labor for IL-1 and IL-18, where IL-1 supports Th1 and IL-18 promotes CD8+ responses. Exploiting size as a key attribute, we demonstrate that biodegradable poly-lactic co-glycolic acid nanoparticles are potent CMI-inducing adjuvants. Our work implicates ROS and the non-canonical inflammasome in the mode of action of polymeric nanoparticulate adjuvants and establishes adjuvant size as a key design principle for vaccines against cancer and intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Wolf
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland,Translational & Respiratory Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland,Clinical Medicine Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR04, Ireland
| | - Ross W. Ward
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Claire H. Hearnden
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Fiona A. Sharp
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Joan Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katie O’Grady
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Craig P. McEntee
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Katharine A. Shanahan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Coralie Guy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Andrew G. Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carla.B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Cameron Webb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Emma Creagh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Ed C. Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland,Corresponding author
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35
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Abstract
Self-adjuvanting vaccines, covalent conjugates between antigens and adjuvants, are chemically well-defined compared with conventional vaccines formulated through mixing antigens with adjuvants. Innate immune receptor ligands effectively induce acquired immunity through the activation of innate immunity, thereby enhancing host immune responses. Thus, innate immune receptor ligands are often used as adjuvants in self-adjuvanting vaccines. In a self-adjuvanting vaccine, the covalent linkage of antigen and adjuvant enables their simultaneous uptake into immune cells where the adjuvant consequently induces antigen-specific immune responses. Importantly, self-adjuvanting vaccines do not require immobilization to carrier proteins or co-administration of additional adjuvants and thus avoid inducing undesired immune responses. Because of these excellent properties, self-adjuvanting vaccines are expected to be candidates for next-generation vaccines. Here, we take an overview of vaccine adjuvants, mainly focusing on those utilized in self-adjuvanting vaccines and then we review recent reports on self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccines.
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36
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Huang Y, Ruan Y, Ma Y, Chen D, Zhang T, Fan S, Lin W, Huang Y, Lu H, Xu JF, Pi J, Zheng B. Immunomodulatory activity of manganese dioxide nanoparticles: Promising for novel vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128840. [PMID: 36926351 PMCID: PMC10011163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), a nutrient inorganic trace element, is necessary for a variety of physiological processes of animal body due to their important roles in oxidative regulation effects and other aspects of activities. Moreover, manganese ion (Mn2+) has widely reported to be crucial for the regulations of different immunological responses, thus showing promising application as potential adjuvants and immunotherapeutics. Taking the advantages of Mn-based biological and immunological activities, Manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) are a new type of inorganic nanomaterials with numerous advantages, including simple preparation, low cost, environmental friendliness, low toxicity, biodegradable metabolism and high bioavailability. MnO2 NPs, as a kind of drug carrier, have also shown the ability to catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce oxygen (O2) under acidic conditions, which can enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other therapeutics for tumor treatment by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, MnO2 NPs also play important roles in immune regulations both in innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we summarize the biological activities of Manganese, followed by the introduction for the biological and medical functions and mechanisms of MnO2 NPs. What's more, we emphatically discussed the immunological regulation effects and mechanisms of MnO2 NPs, as well as their potentials to serve as adjuvants and immunomodulators, which might benefit the development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies for more effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yongdui Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuhe Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tangxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wensen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Biying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Carnet F, Perrin-Cocon L, Paillot R, Lotteau V, Pronost S, Vidalain PO. An inventory of adjuvants used for vaccination in horses: the past, the present and the future. Vet Res 2023; 54:18. [PMID: 36864517 PMCID: PMC9983233 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most widely used strategies to protect horses against pathogens. However, available equine vaccines often have limitations, as they do not always provide effective, long-term protection and booster injections are often required. In addition, research efforts are needed to develop effective vaccines against emerging equine pathogens. In this review, we provide an inventory of approved adjuvants for equine vaccines worldwide, and discuss their composition and mode of action when available. A wide range of adjuvants are used in marketed vaccines for horses, the main families being aluminium salts, emulsions, polymers, saponins and ISCOMs. We also present veterinary adjuvants that are already used for vaccination in other species and are currently evaluated in horses to improve equine vaccination and to meet the expected level of protection against pathogens in the equine industry. Finally, we discuss new adjuvants such as liposomes, polylactic acid polymers, inulin, poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles and co-polymers that are in development. Our objective is to help professionals in the horse industry understand the composition of marketed equine vaccines in a context of mistrust towards vaccines. Besides, this review provides researchers with a list of adjuvants, either approved or at least evaluated in horses, that could be used either alone or in combination to develop new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Carnet
- grid.508204.bLABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France ,grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076BIOTARGEN, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Laure Perrin-Cocon
- grid.462394.e0000 0004 0450 6033CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Romain Paillot
- grid.451003.30000 0004 0387 5232School of Equine and Veterinary Physiotherapy, Writtle University College, Lordship Road, Writtle, Chelmsford, CM1 3RR UK
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- grid.462394.e0000 0004 0450 6033CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Pronost
- LABÉO, 14280, Saint-Contest, France. .,BIOTARGEN, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280, Saint-Contest, France.
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
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38
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Gatt Z, Gunes U, Raponi A, da Rosa LC, Brewer JM. Review: Unravelling the Role of DNA Sensing in Alum Adjuvant Activity. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 2:kyac012. [PMID: 38567066 PMCID: PMC10917177 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Public interest in vaccines is at an all-time high following the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. Currently, over 6 billion doses of various vaccines are administered globally each year. Most of these vaccines contain Aluminium-based adjuvants (alum), which have been known and used for almost 100 years to enhance vaccine immunogenicity. However, despite the historical use and importance of alum, we still do not have a complete understanding of how alum works to drive vaccine immunogenicity. In this article, we critically review studies investigating the mechanisms of action of alum adjuvants, highlighting some of the misconceptions and controversies within the area. Although we have emerged with a clearer understanding of how this ubiquitous adjuvant works, we have also highlighted some of the outstanding questions in the field. While these may seem mainly of academic interest, developing a more complete understanding of these mechanisms has the potential to rationally modify and improve the immune response generated by alum-adjuvanted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Gatt
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Utku Gunes
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Arianna Raponi
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Larissa Camargo da Rosa
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - James M Brewer
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
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39
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Comparative tissue proteomics reveals unique action mechanisms of vaccine adjuvants. iScience 2022; 26:105800. [PMID: 36619976 PMCID: PMC9813788 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency adjuvant (RFA) was recently developed to boost influenza vaccination without the safety concerns of chemical adjuvants due to their physical nature. Yet, the action mechanisms of RFA remain largely unknown. Omics techniques offer new opportunities to identify molecular mechanisms of RFA. This study utilized comparative tissue proteomics to explore molecular mechanisms of the physical RFA. Comparison of RFA and chemical adjuvant (Alum, AddaVax, MPL, MPL/Alum)-induced tissue proteome changes identified 14 exclusively induced proteins by RFA, among which heat shock protein (HSP) 70 was selected for further analysis due to its known immune-modulating functions. RFA showed much weakened ability to boost ovalbumin and pandemic influenza vaccination in HSP70 knockout than wild-type mice, hinting crucial roles of HSP70 in RFA effects. This study supports comparative tissue proteomics to be an effective tool to study molecular mechanisms of vaccine adjuvants.
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40
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Li Z, Kang X, Kim KH, Zhao Y, Li Y, Kang SM, Chen X. Effective adjuvantation of nanograms of influenza vaccine and induction of cross-protective immunity by physical radiofrequency adjuvant. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21249. [PMID: 36481697 PMCID: PMC9732352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel adjuvants are highly demanded to aid in development of improved or new vaccines against existing or emerging infectious diseases. Considering commonly used Alum and MF59 adjuvants induce tissue stress and release of endogenous danger signals to mediate their adjuvant effects, physical modalities may be used to induce tissue stress and endogenous danger signal release to enhance vaccine-induced immune responses. Furthermore, physical adjuvants are less likely to induce significant systemic adverse reactions due to their localized effects. Recently we found non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) pretreatment of the skin could significantly enhance intradermal vaccine-induced immune responses in murine models that included pandemic influenza vaccine, pre-pandemic vaccine, and influenza internal antigen vaccine. It remained to be explored whether the physical RF adjuvant (RFA) could be used to boost seasonal influenza vaccination, spare vaccine doses, and induce cross-protective immunity. This study found the physical RFA could significantly enhance seasonal influenza vaccine-induced immune responses against each viral strain and robustly enhance low-dose (nanograms) H3N2 vaccine-induced immune responses and protection in murine models. RFA also induced cross-protective immunity against heterologous and heterosubtypic influenza viruses. Further studies found heat shock protein 70 (inducible endogenous danger signal) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 adaptor played a crucial role in dose-sparing effects of RFA. These data strongly support further development of the physical RFA to boost influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofan Li
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Xinliang Kang
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Yibo Li
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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Hayashi T, Nakagawa F, Ohno Y, Suzuki Y, Ishiki H, Onodera R, Higashi T, Shimamura Y, Itou H, Iwase Y, Arima H, Motoyama K. Antigen stabilizing hydrogels based on cyclodextrins and polyethylene glycol act as type-2 adjuvants with suppressed local irritation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:113-121. [PMID: 36372270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent viral pandemics have increased global demand for vaccines. However, the supply of effective and safe vaccine not only to developed countries but also developing countries with inadequate storage equipment is still challenging due to the lack of robust systems which improve the efficacy and the stability of vaccines with few side effects. In our previous study, polypseudorotaxane (PPRX) hydrogels based on cyclodextrin (CyD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) significantly improved the stability of antibody preparations and showed no serious adverse effects after subcutaneous injection, suggesting the possibility as safe vaccine formulations to stabilize an antigen protein. Moreover, recent studies have reported that one of the CyD derivatives, hydroxypropyl-β-CyD (HP-β-CyD), acts as an adjuvant to enhance protective type-2 immune responses. However, it is still unknown that CyD PPRX hydrogels enhance not only the stability of an antigen protein but also its immunogenicity with tolerable side effects. Here, we demonstrate that α- and γ-CyD PPRX hydrogels containing an antigen protein significantly induce antigen-specific type-2 immune responses. Moreover, α- and γ-CyD PPRX hydrogels showed negligible local irritation at the injection site, although subcutaneous injection of α-CyD alone induced skin lesion. Finally, shaking stability of the antigen protein at room temperature was significantly improved by being included in α- and γ-CyD PPRX hydrogels. These results propose the possibility of α- and γ-CyD PPRX hydrogels as novel vaccine formulations which improve both the immunogenicity and stability of an antigen protein with suppressed local irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hayashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan; Mock Up Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumika Nakagawa
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools 'Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (Higo) Program', Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Cross-disciplinary Doctoral Human Resource Development Program to Lead the Well-being Society, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Honatsu Ishiki
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Shimamura
- R&D Department, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itou
- R&D Department, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwase
- R&D Department, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Laboratory of Evidence-based Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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de Moura Rodrigues D, Lacerda-Queiroz N, Couillin I, Riteau N. STING Targeting in Lung Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:3483. [PMID: 36359882 PMCID: PMC9657237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway displays important functions in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity following the detection of microbial and host-derived DNA. Here, we briefly summarize biological functions of STING and review recent literature highlighting its important contribution in the context of respiratory diseases. Over the last years, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of STING activation, which has favored the development of STING agonists or antagonists with potential therapeutic benefits. Antagonists might alleviate STING-associated chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of STING displays strong antiviral properties, as recently shown in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. STING agonists also elicit potent stimulatory activities when used as an adjuvant promoting antitumor responses and vaccines efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian de Moura Rodrigues
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
| | | | - Isabelle Couillin
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
| | - Nicolas Riteau
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
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Wu M, Rai K. Demystifying extrachromosomal DNA circles: Categories, biogenesis, and cancer therapeutics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:6011-6022. [PMID: 36382182 PMCID: PMC9647416 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of sequencing technologies in the 1990s, researchers have focused on the association between aberrations in chromosomal DNA and disease. However, not all forms of the DNA are linear and chromosomal. Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are double-stranded, closed-circled DNA constructs free from the chromosome that reside in the nuclei. Although widely overlooked, the eccDNAs have recently gained attention for their potential roles in physiological response, intratumoral heterogeneity and cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the history, classifications, biogenesis, and highlight recent progresses on the emerging topic of eccDNAs and comment on their potential application as biomarkers in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong Wu
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kunal Rai
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhao Y, Yu L, Zhang S, Su X, Zhou X. Extrachromosomal circular DNA: Current status and future prospects. eLife 2022; 11:81412. [PMID: 36256570 PMCID: PMC9578701 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a double-stranded DNA molecule found in various organisms, including humans. In the past few decades, the research on eccDNA has mainly focused on cancers and their associated diseases. Advancements in modern omics technologies have reinvigorated research on eccDNA and shed light on the role of these molecules in a range of diseases and normal cell phenotypes. In this review, we first summarize the formation of eccDNA and its modes of action in eukaryotic cells. We then outline eccDNA as a disease biomarker and reveal its regulatory mechanism. We finally discuss the future prospects of eccDNA, including basic research and clinical application. Thus, with the deepening of understanding and exploration of eccDNAs, they hold great promise in future biomedical research and clinical translational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linchan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Díaz-Dinamarca DA, Salazar ML, Castillo BN, Manubens A, Vasquez AE, Salazar F, Becker MI. Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1671. [PMID: 36015297 PMCID: PMC9414397 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New-generation vaccines, formulated with subunits or nucleic acids, are less immunogenic than classical vaccines formulated with live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This difference has led to an intensified search for additional potent vaccine adjuvants that meet safety and efficacy criteria and confer long-term protection. This review provides an overview of protein-based adjuvants (PBAs) obtained from different organisms, including bacteria, mollusks, plants, and humans. Notably, despite structural differences, all PBAs show significant immunostimulatory properties, eliciting B-cell- and T-cell-mediated immune responses to administered antigens, providing advantages over many currently adopted adjuvant approaches. Furthermore, PBAs are natural biocompatible and biodegradable substances that induce minimal reactogenicity and toxicity and interact with innate immune receptors, enhancing their endocytosis and modulating subsequent adaptive immune responses. We propose that PBAs can contribute to the development of vaccines against complex pathogens, including intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, those with complex life cycles such as Plasmodium falciparum, those that induce host immune dysfunction such as HIV, those that target immunocompromised individuals such as fungi, those with a latent disease phase such as Herpes, those that are antigenically variable such as SARS-CoV-2 and those that undergo continuous evolution, to reduce the likelihood of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Díaz-Dinamarca
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Michelle L. Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Byron N. Castillo
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Augusto Manubens
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Abel E. Vasquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Fabián Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago 7750000, Chile
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Lee W, Suresh M. Vaccine adjuvants to engage the cross-presentation pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940047. [PMID: 35979365 PMCID: PMC9376467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines for stimulating optimal immune responses to non-replicating, inactivated and subunit antigens. Eliciting balanced humoral and T cell-mediated immunity is paramount to defend against diseases caused by complex intracellular pathogens, such as tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS. However, currently used vaccines elicit strong antibody responses, but poorly stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. To elicit potent CTL memory, vaccines need to engage the cross-presentation pathway, and this requirement has been a crucial bottleneck in the development of subunit vaccines that engender effective T cell immunity. In this review, we focus on recent insights into DC cross-presentation and the extent to which clinically relevant vaccine adjuvants, such as aluminum-based nanoparticles, water-in oil emulsion (MF59) adjuvants, saponin-based adjuvants, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands modulate DC cross-presentation efficiency. Further, we discuss the feasibility of using carbomer-based adjuvants as next generation of adjuvant platforms to elicit balanced antibody- and T-cell based immunity. Understanding of the molecular mechanism of DC cross-presentation and the mode of action of adjuvants will pave the way for rational design of vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer that require balanced antibody- and T cell-based immunity.
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Heine S, Aguilar-Pimentel A, Russkamp D, Alessandrini F, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Ollert M, Bredehorst R, Ohnmacht C, Zissler UM, Hrabě de Angelis M, Schmidt-Weber CB, Blank S. Thermosensitive PLGA–PEG–PLGA Hydrogel as Depot Matrix for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081527. [PMID: 35893787 PMCID: PMC9329805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only currently available curative treatment option for allergic diseases. AIT often includes depot-forming and immunostimulatory adjuvants, to prolong allergen presentation and to improve therapeutic efficacy. The use of aluminium salts in AIT, which are commonly used as depot-forming adjuvants, is controversially discussed, due to health concerns and Th2-promoting activity. Therefore, there is the need for novel delivery systems in AIT with similar therapeutic efficacy compared to classical AIT strategies. In this study, a triblock copolymer (hydrogel) was assessed as a delivery system for AIT in a murine model of allergic asthma. We show that the hydrogel combines the advantages of both depot function and biodegradability at the same time. We further demonstrate the suitability of hydrogel to release different bioactive compounds in vitro and in vivo. AIT delivered with hydrogel reduces key parameters of allergic inflammation, such as inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and allergen-specific IgE, in a comparable manner to standard AIT treatment. Additionally, hydrogel-based AIT is superior in inducing allergen-specific IgG antibodies with potentially protective functions. Taken together, hydrogel represents a promising delivery system for AIT that is able to combine therapeutic allergen administration with the prolonged release of immunomodulators at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Heine
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany; (S.H.); (D.R.); (F.A.); (C.O.); (U.M.Z.); (C.B.S.-W.)
| | - Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (V.G.-D.); (H.F.); (M.H.d.A.)
| | - Dennis Russkamp
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany; (S.H.); (D.R.); (F.A.); (C.O.); (U.M.Z.); (C.B.S.-W.)
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany; (S.H.); (D.R.); (F.A.); (C.O.); (U.M.Z.); (C.B.S.-W.)
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (V.G.-D.); (H.F.); (M.H.d.A.)
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (V.G.-D.); (H.F.); (M.H.d.A.)
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Bredehorst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany; (S.H.); (D.R.); (F.A.); (C.O.); (U.M.Z.); (C.B.S.-W.)
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany; (S.H.); (D.R.); (F.A.); (C.O.); (U.M.Z.); (C.B.S.-W.)
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.A.-P.); (V.G.-D.); (H.F.); (M.H.d.A.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany; (S.H.); (D.R.); (F.A.); (C.O.); (U.M.Z.); (C.B.S.-W.)
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany; (S.H.); (D.R.); (F.A.); (C.O.); (U.M.Z.); (C.B.S.-W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-318-726-25
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Turley JL, Lavelle EC. Resolving adjuvant mode of action to enhance vaccine efficacy. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102229. [PMID: 35779364 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are a miscellaneous range of molecules and materials that can enhance the magnitude, functionality, breadth and durability of immune responses. Despite the multiplicity of compounds with adjuvant properties, less than a dozen are in clinical use in vaccines against infectious diseases. While many factors have contributed to their slow development, among the major challenges are the high safety and efficacy standards set by current adjuvants in human vaccines and our limited understanding of how adjuvants mediate their effects. This review outlines why it is so difficult to elucidate their mechanism of action, highlights areas that require in-depth research and discusses recent advancements that are revitalising adjuvant development. It is hoped that a fuller understanding of adjuvant sensing, signalling and function will facilitate the design of vaccines that promote sustained protective immunity against challenging bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Turley
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02R590, Ireland.
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02R590, Ireland.
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Akin I, Akdas S, Ceylan MN, Altiner S, Aribal Ayral P, Yazihan N. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Advax TM as an adjuvant: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:10-17. [PMID: 34562856 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developing a vaccine with improved immunogenicity is still a growing priority for many diseases. Different types of adjuvants may be beneficial to initiate and maintain the long-lasting immunogenicity of vaccines. Evidence has shown that polysaccharide adjuvants are efficient in improving immunological mechanisms with their biocompatibility and biodegradability characteristics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of AdvaxTM an adjuvant derived from delta inulin. METHODS A systematic research was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for the following keywords; "AdvaxTM" OR "delta inulin" until December 14th, 2020. RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for cumulative meta-analysis and bias analysis. We also used GraphPad Prism 6 software for the figures. RESULTS In the cumulative meta-analysis, it was found that seroconversion and geometric mean titers (GMT) levels significantly increased in AdvaxTM-adjuvanted group (mean difference: 12.31, 95% Cl [4.14, 20.47], p = 0.003; 17.10, 95% Cl [4.35, 29.85], p = 0.009, respectively). We also observed that AdvaxTM could be effective in improving immunogenicity by inducing T-cell responses and plasmablast generation in viral vaccines. CONCLUSIONS In this study, it was shown that AdvaxTM is a safe and well-tolerated adjuvant. AdvaxTM could be a potent adjuvant in increasing the protection and immunogenicity of different vaccines without safety issues. However, further studies are needed to verify these effects of AdvaxTM adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Akin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Food, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevginur Akdas
- Institute of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Food, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Nur Ceylan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Food, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Altiner
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Clinic, Necip Fazil City Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Aribal Ayral
- Institute of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Food, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazihan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Food, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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50
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Rezaei M, Danilova ND, Soltani M, Savvateeva LV, V Tarasov V, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, V Bazhinf A, A Zamyatnin A. Cancer Vaccine in Cold Tumors: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:437-453. [PMID: 35156572 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220214103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the immune system to fight tumors without destroying normal cells. One of the anticancer therapy methods, among many, is based on the use of cancer vaccines that contain tumor antigens in order to induce immune responses against tumors. However, clinical trials have shown that the use of such vaccines as a monotherapy is ineffective in many cases, since they do not cause a strong immune response. Particular tumors are resistant to immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells, and hence, they are called cold or non-inflamed tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. It is very important to understand which stage of the antitumor response does not work properly in order to use the right strategy for the treatment of patients. Applying other therapeutic methods alongside cancer vaccines can be more rational for cold tumors which do not provoke the immune system strongly. Herein, we indicate some combinational therapies that have been used or are in progress for cold tumor treatment alongside vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexandr V Bazhinf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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