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Omari S, Roded A, Eisenberg M, Ali H, Fukuda M, Galli SJ, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Mast cell secretory granule fusion with amphisomes coordinates their homotypic fusion and release of exosomes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114482. [PMID: 38985670 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretory granule (SG) fusion is an intermediate step in SG biogenesis. However, the precise mechanism of this process is not completely understood. We show that Golgi-derived mast cell (MC) SGs enlarge through a mechanism that is dependent on phosphoinositide (PI) remodeling and fusion with LC3+ late endosomes (amphisomes), which serve as hubs for the fusion of multiple individual SGs. Amphisome formation is regulated by the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN9, while the subsequent SG fusion event is additionally regulated by the tetraspanin protein CD63 and by PI4K. We also demonstrate that fusion with amphisomes imparts to SGs their capacity of regulated release of exosomes. Finally, we show that conversion of PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI(4,5)P2 and the subsequent recruitment of dynamin stimulate SG fission. Our data unveil a key role for lipid-regulated interactions with the endocytic and autophagic systems in controlling the size and number of SGs and their capacity to release exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewar Omari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Roded
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maggie Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, and Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Wong AHP, Nga ME, Chin CY, Tai YK, Wong HC, Soo R, An O, Yang H, Seet JE, Lim YC, Tam JKC, Tran T. Impact of CD151 overexpression on prognosis and therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients lacking EGFR mutations. Cell Prolif 2024:e13708. [PMID: 38982031 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates CD151, a protein linked to cancer progression, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. These patients often have limited treatment options. The study used retrospective analysis to examine 157 adenocarcinoma biopsy specimens and 199 patient cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas, correlating CD151 expression with patient survival. Cellular studies revealed that CD151 interacts with EGFR, influencing epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell proliferation and the effectiveness of the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib. A strong association was found between CD151 expression and EGFR mutation status. High CD151 expression in the absence of EGFR mutations is correlated with poorer survival outcomes. Biological assays showed that CD151 colocalizes and associates with EGFR, playing a crucial role in regulating EGF-induced cell proliferation via the AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. Importantly, CD151 expression was found to influence the anti-proliferative effects of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib. High CD151 expression, in the absence of EGFR mutations, was associated with poorer survival outcomes. It could serve as a potential prognostic marker and influence cellular responses to EGFR-targeted treatments. This study highlights CD151 as a potential novel target for therapeutic intervention in NSCLC, especially in populations lacking EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Huee-Ping Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min En Nga
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Yein Chin
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hung Chew Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ross Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Omer An
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ju Ee Seet
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yaw Chyn Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Kit Chung Tam
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Gu J, Isaji T. Specific sialylation of N-glycans and its novel regulatory mechanism. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:175-183. [PMID: 38958800 PMCID: PMC11329402 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Altered glycosylation is a common feature of cancer cells. Some subsets of glycans are found to be frequently enriched on the tumor cell surface and implicated in different tumor phenotypes. Among these, changes in sialylation have long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors such as invasion and enhanced cell survival. Sialylation typically exists in three prominent linkages: α2,3, α2,6, and α2,8, catalyzed by a group of sialyltransferases. The aberrant expression of all three linkages has been related to cancer progression. The increased α2,6 sialylation on N-glycans catalyzed by β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal1) is frequently observed in many cancers. In contrast, functions of α2,3 sialylation on N-glycans catalyzed by at least three β-galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferases, ST3Gal3, ST3Gal4, and ST3Gal6 remain elusive due to a possibility of compensating for one another. In this minireview, we briefly describe functions of sialylation and recent findings that different α2,3 sialyltransferases specifically modify target proteins, as well as sialylation regulatory mechanisms vis a complex formation among integrin α3β1, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4KIIα), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and sialyltransferase, which suggests a new concept for the regulation of glycosylation in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
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4
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Isaji T, Gu J. Novel regulatory mechanisms of N-glycan sialylation: Implication of integrin and focal adhesion kinase in the regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130617. [PMID: 38614280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialylation of glycoproteins, including integrins, is crucial in various cancers and diseases such as immune disorders. These modifications significantly impact cellular functions and are associated with cancer progression. Sialylation, catalyzed by specific sialyltransferases (STs), has traditionally been considered to be regulated at the mRNA level. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent research has expanded our understanding of sialylation, revealing ST activity changes beyond mRNA level variations. This includes insights into COPI vesicle formation and Golgi apparatus maintenance and identifying specific target proteins of STs that are not predictable through recombinant enzyme assays. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes that Golgi-associated pathways largely influence the regulation of STs. GOLPH3, GORAB, PI4K, and FAK have become critical elements in sialylation regulation. Some STs have been revealed to possess specificity for specific target proteins, suggesting the presence of additional, enzyme-specific regulatory mechanisms. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study enhances our understanding of the molecular interplay in sialylation regulation, mainly focusing on the role of integrin and FAK. It proposes a bidirectional system where sialylations might influence integrins and vice versa. The diversity of STs and their specific linkages offer new perspectives in cancer research, potentially broadening our understanding of cellular mechanisms and opening avenues for new therapeutic approaches in targeting sialylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
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5
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Bruguera ES, Mahoney JP, Weis WI. The co-receptor Tspan12 directly captures Norrin to promote ligand-specific β-catenin signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578714. [PMID: 38352533 PMCID: PMC10862866 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling directs animal development and tissue renewal in a tightly controlled, cell- and tissue-specific manner. In the central nervous system, the atypical ligand Norrin controls angiogenesis and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and blood-retina barrier through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Like Wnt, Norrin activates signaling by binding and heterodimerizing the receptors Frizzled (Fzd) and Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 or 6 (LRP5/6), leading to membrane recruitment of the intracellular transducer Dishevelled (Dvl); this ultimately results in the stabilization of the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin. Unlike Wnt, the cysteine-knot ligand Norrin only signals through Fzd4 and additionally requires the co-receptor Tspan12; however, the mechanism underlying Tspan12-mediated signal enhancement is unclear. It has been proposed that Tspan12 integrates into the Norrin-Fzd4 complex to enhance Norrin-Fzd4 affinity or otherwise allosterically modulate Fzd4 signaling. Here, we measure direct, high-affinity binding between purified Norrin and Tspan12 in a lipid environment and use AlphaFold models to interrogate this interaction interface. We find that Tspan12 and Fzd4 can simultaneously bind Norrin and that a pre-formed Tspan12/Fzd4 heterodimer, as well as cells co-expressing Tspan12 and Fzd4, more efficiently capture low concentrations of Norrin than Fzd4 alone. We also show that Tspan12 competes with both heparan sulfate proteoglycans and LRP6 for Norrin binding and that Tspan12 does not impact Fzd4-Dvl affinity in the presence or absence of Norrin. Our findings suggest that Tspan12 does not allosterically enhance Fzd4 binding to Norrin or Dvl, but instead functions to directly capture Norrin upstream of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Bruguera
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jacob P Mahoney
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - William I Weis
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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6
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Chen L, Liu H, Li Y, Lin X, Xia S, Wanggou S, Li X. Functional characterization of TSPAN7 as a novel indicator for immunotherapy in glioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105489. [PMID: 36845098 PMCID: PMC9947846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in clinical practice. Most adult diffuse gliomas have poor efficacy after standard treatment, especially glioblastoma. With the in-depth understanding of brain immune microenvironment, immunotherapy as a new treatment has attracted much attention. In this study, through analyzing a large number of glioma cohorts, we reported that TSPAN7, a member of the tetraspanin family, decreased in high-grade gliomas and low expression was associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Meanwhile, the expression pattern of TSPAN7 was verified in glioma clinical samples and glioma cell lines by qPCR, Western Blotting and immunofluorescence. In addition, functional enrichment analysis showed that cell proliferation, EMT, angiogenesis, DNA repair and MAPK signaling pathways were activated in the TSPAN7 lower expression subgroup. Lentiviral plasmids were used to overexpress TSPAN7 in U87 and LN229 glioma cell lines to explore the anti-tumor role of TSPAN7 in glioma. Moreover, by analyzing the relationship between TSPAN7 expression and immune cell infiltration in multiple datasets, we found that TSPAN7 was significantly negatively correlated with the immune infiltration of tumor-related macrophages, especially M2-type macrophages. Further analysis of immune checkpoints showed that, the expression level of TSPAN7 was negatively correlated with the expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Using an independent anti-PD-1 immunotherapy cohorts of GBM, we demonstrated that TSPAN7 expression may had a synergistic effect with PD-L1 on the response to immunotherapy. Based on the above findings, we speculate that TSPAN7 can serve as a biomarker for prognosis and a potential immunotherapy target in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuelei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shunjin Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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7
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Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Carballo L, Sánchez-García A, Bataller M, LLeonart ME. TSPAN1, a novel tetraspanin member highly involved in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188674. [PMID: 34979155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tetraspanin (TSPAN) family constitutes a poorly explored family of membrane receptors involved in various physiological processes, with relevant roles in anchoring multiple proteins, acting as scaffolding proteins, and cell signaling. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the involvement of TSPANs in cancer. In particular, tetraspanin 1 (also known as TSPAN1, NET-1, TM4C, C4.8 or GEF) has been implicated in cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Recently, our laboratory revealed a key role of TSPAN1 in the acquired resistance of tumor cells to conventional chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin). In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest research on the physiological mechanisms of TSPANs in cancer and, in particular, on TSPAN1 regulating resistance to chemotherapy. A model of TSPAN1 action is proposed, and the potential of targeting TSPAN1 in anticancer therapeutic strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Carballo
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Sánchez-García
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bataller
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center in Oncology, CIBERONC, Spain.
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8
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Marsay KS, Greaves S, Mahabaleshwar H, Ho CM, Roehl H, Monk PN, Carney TJ, Partridge LJ. Tetraspanin Cd9b and Cxcl12a/Cxcr4b have a synergistic effect on the control of collective cell migration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260372. [PMID: 34847198 PMCID: PMC8631670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is essential for embryonic development and homeostatic processes. During zebrafish development, the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) navigates along the embryo flank by collective cell migration. The chemokine receptors, Cxcr4b and Cxcr7b, as well as their cognate ligand, Cxcl12a, are essential for this process. We corroborate that knockdown of the zebrafish cd9 tetraspanin orthologue, cd9b, results in mild pLL abnormalities. Through generation of CRISPR and TALEN mutants, we show that cd9a and cd9b function partially redundantly in pLLP migration, which is delayed in the cd9b single and cd9a; cd9b double mutants. This delay led to a transient reduction in neuromast numbers. Loss of both Cd9a and Cd9b sensitized embryos to reduced Cxcr4b and Cxcl12a levels. Together these results provide evidence that Cd9 modulates collective cell migration of the pLLP during zebrafish development. One interpretation of these observations is that Cd9 contributes to more effective chemokine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Marsay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Greaves
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Min Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Roehl
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J. Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynda J. Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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9
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Tetraspanins: useful multifunction proteins for the possible design and development of small-molecule therapeutic tools. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:56-68. [PMID: 33137483 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins constitute a well-conserved superfamily of four-span small membrane proteins (TM4SF), with >30 members in humans, with important roles in numerous mechanisms of cell biology. Moreover, tetraspanins associate with either specific partner proteins or another tetraspanin, generating a network of interactions involved in cell and membrane compartmentalization and having a role in cellular development, proliferation, activation, motility, and membrane fusions. Therefore, tetraspanins are considered regulators of cellular signaling and are often depicted as 'molecular facilitators'. In view of these many physiological functions, it is likely that these molecules are important actors in pathological processes. In this review, we present the main characteristics of this superfamily, providing a more detailed description of some significant representatives and discuss their relevance as potential targets for the design and development of small-molecule therapeutics in different pathologies.
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10
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Dickerson MT, Dadi PK, Butterworth RB, Nakhe AY, Graff SM, Zaborska KE, Schaub CM, Jacobson DA. Tetraspanin-7 regulation of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels controls pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. J Physiol 2020; 598:4887-4905. [PMID: 32790176 PMCID: PMC8095317 DOI: 10.1113/jp279941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Tetraspanin (TSPAN) proteins regulate many biological processes, including intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) handling. TSPAN-7 is enriched in pancreatic islet cells; however, the function of islet TSPAN-7 has not been identified. Here, we characterize how β-cell TSPAN-7 regulates Ca2+ handling and hormone secretion. We find that TSPAN-7 reduces β-cell glucose-stimulated Ca2+ entry, slows Ca2+ oscillation frequency and decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. TSPAN-7 controls β-cell function through a direct interaction with L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (CaV 1.2 and CaV 1.3), which reduces channel Ca2+ conductance. TSPAN-7 slows activation of CaV 1.2 and accelerates recovery from voltage-dependent inactivation; TSPAN-7 also slows CaV 1.3 inactivation kinetics. These findings strongly implicate TSPAN-7 as a key regulator in determining the set-point of glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx and insulin secretion. ABSTRACT Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is regulated by calcium (Ca2+ ) entry into pancreatic β-cells through voltage-dependent Ca2+ (CaV ) channels. Tetraspanin (TSPAN) transmembrane proteins control Ca2+ handling, and thus they may also modulate GSIS. TSPAN-7 is the most abundant islet TSPAN and immunostaining of mouse and human pancreatic slices shows that TSPAN-7 is highly expressed in β- and α-cells; however, the function of islet TSPAN-7 has not been determined. Here, we show that TSPAN-7 knockdown (KD) increases glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx into mouse and human β-cells. Additionally, mouse β-cell Ca2+ oscillation frequency was accelerated by TSPAN-7 KD. Because TSPAN-7 KD also enhanced Ca2+ entry when membrane potential was clamped with depolarization, the effect of TSPAN-7 on CaV channel activity was examined. TSPAN-7 KD enhanced L-type CaV currents in mouse and human β-cells. Conversely, heterologous expression of TSPAN-7 with CaV 1.2 and CaV 1.3 L-type CaV channels decreased CaV currents and reduced Ca2+ influx through both channels. This was presumably the result of a direct interaction of TSPAN-7 and L-type CaV channels because TSPAN-7 coimmunoprecipitated with both CaV 1.2 and CaV 1.3 from primary human β-cells and from a heterologous expression system. Finally, TSPAN-7 KD in human β-cells increased basal (5.6 mM glucose) and stimulated (45 mM KCl + 14 mM glucose) insulin secretion. These findings strongly suggest that TSPAN-7 modulation of β-cell L-type CaV channels is a key determinant of β-cell glucose-stimulated Ca2+ entry and thus the set-point of GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Regan B Butterworth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Arya Y Nakhe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M Graff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karolina E Zaborska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles M Schaub
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
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11
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Ma CIJ, Yang Y, Kim T, Chen CH, Polevoy G, Vissa M, Burgess J, Brill JA. An early endosome-derived retrograde trafficking pathway promotes secretory granule maturation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133712. [PMID: 32045479 PMCID: PMC7055004 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated secretion is a fundamental cellular process in which biologically active molecules stored in long-lasting secretory granules (SGs) are secreted in response to external stimuli. Many studies have described mechanisms responsible for biogenesis and secretion of SGs, but how SGs mature remains poorly understood. In a genetic screen, we discovered a large number of endolysosomal trafficking genes required for proper SG maturation, indicating that maturation of SGs might occur in a manner similar to lysosome-related organelles (LROs). CD63, a tetraspanin known to decorate LROs, also decorates SG membranes and facilitates SG maturation. Moreover, CD63-mediated SG maturation requires type II phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase (PI4KII)-dependent early endosomal sorting and accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) on SG membranes. In addition, the PI4P effector Past1 is needed for formation of stable PI4KII-containing endosomal tubules associated with this process. Our results reveal that maturation of post-Golgi-derived SGs requires trafficking via the endosomal system, similar to mechanisms employed by LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-I J Ma
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yitong Yang
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taeah Kim
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chang Hua Chen
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Polevoy
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miluska Vissa
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Burgess
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Ding L, Li LM, Hu B, Wang JL, Lu YB, Zhang RY, He X, Shi C, Wu LM, Wu CM, Yang B, Zheng L, Ping BH, Hu YW, Wang Q. TM4SF19 aggravates LPS-induced attenuation of vascular endothelial cell adherens junctions by suppressing VE-cadherin expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1204-1211. [PMID: 33059922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease that initially starts from an arterial intima lesion and endothelial barrier dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TM4SF19, a recently identified member of the transmembrane 4L six superfamily, in vascular endothelial cell adherens junctions. We found TM4SF19 expression was significantly increased in atherosclerotic plaques and sera of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with healthy people by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). TM4SF19 and VE-cadherin expression as well as cell adherens junctions were assessed. Additionally, LPS could upregulate TM4SF19 expression and downregulate VE-cadherin expression in HUVECs in a concentration dependent manner. Overexpression of TM4SF19 substantially aggravated LPS-induced reduction of VE-cadherin expression and attenuation of vascular endothelial cell adherens junctions. However, both the decreased VE-cadherin expression and weakened cell adherens junctions induced by LPS could be dramatically reversed when the expression of TM4SF19 was depressed. This study is the first to reveal the effect of TM4SF19 on endothelial cell adherens junctions. Meanwhile, our results also provide novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Lu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li-Mei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Chang-Meng Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bao-Hong Ping
- Department of Hui Qiao, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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13
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Karam J, Méresse S, Kremer L, Daher W. The roles of tetraspanins in bacterial infections. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13260. [PMID: 32902857 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins, a wide family composed of 33 transmembrane proteins, are associated with different types of proteins through which they arbitrate important cellular processes such as fusion, adhesion, invasion, tissue differentiation and immunological responses. Tetraspanins share a comparable structural design, which consists of four hydrophobic transmembrane domains with cytoplasmic and extracellular loops. They cooperate with different proteins, including other tetraspanins, receptors or signalling proteins to compose functional complexes at the cell surface, designated tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM). Increasing evidences establish that tetraspanins are exploited by numerous intracellular pathogens as a doorway for entering and replicating within human cells. Although previous surveys focused mainly on viruses and parasites, it is now becoming clear that bacteria interact with tetraspanins, using TEM as a "gateway" to infection. In this review, we examine the biological functions of tetraspanins that are relevant to bacterial infective procedures and consider the available data that reveal how different bacteria benefit from host cell tetraspanins in infection and in the pathogenesis of diseases. We will also emphasise the stimulating potentials of targeting tetraspanins for preventing bacterial infectious diseases, using specific neutralising antibodies or anti-adhesion peptide-based therapies. Such innovative therapeutic opportunities may deliver alternatives for fighting difficult-to-manage and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Karam
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Wassim Daher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
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14
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Perez MD, Seu L, Lowman KE, Moylan DC, Tidwell C, Samuel S, Duverger A, Wagner FH, Carlin E, Sharma V, Pope B, Raman C, Erdmann N, Locke J, Hu H, Sabbaj S, Kutsch O. The tetraspanin CD151 marks a unique population of activated human T cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15748. [PMID: 32978478 PMCID: PMC7519159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a family of proteins with an array of functions that are well studied in cancer biology, but their importance in immunology is underappreciated. Here we establish the tetraspanin CD151 as a unique marker of T-cell activation and, in extension, an indicator of elevated, systemic T-cell activity. Baseline CD151 expression found on a subset of T-cells was indicative of increased activation of the MAPK pathway. Following TCR/CD3 activation, CD151 expression was upregulated on the overall T-cell population, a quintessential feature of an activation marker. CD151+ T-cell frequencies in the spleen, an organ with increased immune activity, were twice as high as in paired peripheral blood samples. This CD151+ T-cell frequency increase was not paralleled by an increase of CD25 or CD38, demonstrating that CD151 expression is regulated independently of other T-cell activation markers. CD151+ T-cells were also more likely to express preformed granzyme B, suggesting that CD151+ T cells are pro-inflammatory. To this end, HIV-1 patients on antiretroviral therapy who are reported to exhibit chronically elevated levels of immune activity, had significantly higher CD4+CD151+ T-cell frequencies than healthy controls, raising the possibility that proinflammatory CD151+ T cells could contribute to the premature immunological aging phenotype observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred D Perez
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lillian Seu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kelsey E Lowman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David C Moylan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher Tidwell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shekwonya Samuel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexandra Duverger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Frederic H Wagner
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Carlin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon Pope
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nathan Erdmann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jayme Locke
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steffanie Sabbaj
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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15
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McLaughlin KA, Tombs MA, Christie MR. Autoimmunity to tetraspanin-7 in type 1 diabetes. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:437-445. [PMID: 32314012 PMCID: PMC7395010 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease whereby components of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells are targeted by the adaptive immune system leading to the destruction of these cells and insulin deficiency. There is much interest in the development of antigen-specific immune intervention as an approach to prevent disease development in individuals identified as being at risk of disease. It is now recognised that there are multiple targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes, the most recently identified being a member of the tetraspanin family, tetraspanin-7. The heterogeneity of autoimmune responses to different target antigens complicates the assessment of diabetes risk by the detection of autoantibodies, as well as creating challenges for the design of strategies to intervene in the immune response to these autoantigens. This review describes the discovery of tetraspanin-7 as a target of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes and how the detection of autoantibodies to the protein provides a valuable marker for future loss of pancreatic beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A McLaughlin
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael R Christie
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, UK.
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16
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Albanesi JP, Barylko B, DeMartino GN, Jameson DM. Palmitoylated Proteins in Dendritic Spine Remodeling. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:22. [PMID: 32655390 PMCID: PMC7325885 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-responsive changes in the actin cytoskeleton are required for the biogenesis, motility, and remodeling of dendritic spines. These changes are governed by proteins that regulate the polymerization, depolymerization, bundling, and branching of actin filaments. Thus, processes that have been extensively characterized in the context of non-neuronal cell shape change and migration are also critical for learning and memory. In this review article, we highlight actin regulatory proteins that associate, at least transiently, with the dendritic plasma membrane. All of these proteins have been shown, either in directed studies or in high-throughput screens, to undergo palmitoylation, a potentially reversible, and stimulus-dependent cysteine modification. Palmitoylation increases the affinity of peripheral proteins for the membrane bilayer and contributes to their subcellular localization and recruitment to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Albanesi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Barbara Barylko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - George N. DeMartino
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - David M. Jameson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
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17
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Sugiyama MG, Fairn GD, Antonescu CN. Akt-ing Up Just About Everywhere: Compartment-Specific Akt Activation and Function in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:70. [PMID: 31131274 PMCID: PMC6509475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a master regulator of many diverse cellular functions, including survival, growth, metabolism, migration, and differentiation. Receptor tyrosine kinases are critical regulators of Akt, as a result of activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling leading to Akt activation upon receptor stimulation. The signaling axis formed by receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K and Akt, as well as the vast range of downstream substrates is thus central to control of cell physiology in many different contexts and tissues. This axis must be tightly regulated, as disruption of PI3K-Akt signaling underlies the pathology of many diseases such as cancer and diabetes. This sophisticated regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling is due in part to the spatial and temporal compartmentalization of Akt activation and function, including in specific nanoscale domains of the plasma membrane as well as in specific intracellular membrane compartments. Here, we review the evidence for localized activation of PI3K-Akt signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases in various specific cellular compartments, as well as that of compartment-specific functions of Akt leading to control of several fundamental cellular processes. This spatial and temporal control of Akt activation and function occurs by a large number of parallel molecular mechanisms that are central to regulation of cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Zhao W, Tao XL, Liu N, Lu HZ, Zheng CH, Li XY, Yu M, Li YG. Host protein CD63 promotes viral RNA replication by interacting with human astrovirus non-structural protein nsP1a/4. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:616-628. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
- 2Biological Anthropology institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiao Li Tao
- 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Nian Liu
- 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
- 2Biological Anthropology institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang Lu
- 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chun Hong Zheng
- 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiang Yu Li
- 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Man Yu
- 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yong Gang Li
- 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121200, Liaoning, PR China
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19
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Isaji T, Im S, Kameyama A, Wang Y, Fukuda T, Gu J. A complex between phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα and integrin α3β1 is required for N-glycan sialylation in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4425-4436. [PMID: 30659093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant N-glycan sialylation of glycoproteins is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of cancer cells and metastatic potential, which includes cell adhesion, migration, and growth. Recently, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4KIIα), which is localized to the trans-Golgi network, was identified as a regulator of Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) and of vesicle transport in the Golgi apparatus. GOLPH3 is a target of PI4KIIα and helps anchor sialyltransferases and thereby regulates sialylation of cell surface receptors. However, how PI4KIIα-mediated sialyation of cell surface proteins is regulated remains unclear. In this study, using several cell lines, CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knockout and short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing, RT-PCR, lentivirus-mediated overexpression, and immunoblotting methods, we confirmed that PI4KIIα knockdown suppresses the sialylation of N-glycans on the cell surface, in Akt phosphorylation and activation, and integrin α3-mediated cell migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, both integrin α3β1 and PI4KIIα co-localized to the trans-Golgi network, where they physically interacted with each other, and PI4KIIα specifically associated with integrin α3 but not α5. Furthermore, overexpression of both integrin α3β1 and PI4KIIα induced hypersialylation. Conversely, integrin α3 knockout significantly inhibited the sialylation of membrane proteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as in total cell lysates. These findings suggest that the malignant phenotype of cancer cells is affected by a sialylation mechanism that is regulated by a complex between PI4KIIα and integrin α3β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Isaji
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Sanghun Im
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- the Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and
| | - Yuqin Wang
- the Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan,
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20
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Yao ZY, Chen WB, Shao SS, Ma SZ, Yang CB, Li MZ, Zhao JJ, Gao L. Role of exosome-associated microRNA in diagnostic and therapeutic applications to metabolic disorders. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:183-198. [PMID: 29504312 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are classified clinically as a complex and varied group of diseases including metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Fat toxicity, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress, which may change cellular functions, are considered to play an essential role in the pathogenetic progress of metabolic disorders. Recent studies have found that cells secrete nanoscale vesicles containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and membrane receptors, which mediate signal transduction and material transport to neighboring and distant cells. Exosomes, one type of such vesicles, are reported to participate in multiple pathological processes including tumor metastasis, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Research on exosomes has focused mainly on the proteins they contain, but recently the function of exosome-associated microRNA has drawn a lot of attention. Exosome-associated microRNAs regulate the physiological function and pathological processes of metabolic disorders. They may also be useful as novel diagnostics and therapeutics given their special features of non-immunogenicity and quick extraction. In this paper, we summarize the structure, content, and functions of exosomes and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosome-associated microRNAs in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University / Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism / Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Wen-Bin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Shan-Shan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University / Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism / Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Shi-Zhan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University / Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism / Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Chong-Bo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University / Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism / Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University / Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism / Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jia-Jun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University / Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism / Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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21
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Zou F, Wang X, Han X, Rothschild G, Zheng SG, Basu U, Sun J. Expression and Function of Tetraspanins and Their Interacting Partners in B Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1606. [PMID: 30072987 PMCID: PMC6058033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane proteins that modulate multiple diverse biological processes, including signal transduction, cell–cell communication, immunoregulation, tumorigenesis, cell adhesion, migration, and growth and differentiation. Here, we provide a systematic review of the involvement of tetraspanins and their partners in the regulation and function of B cells, including mechanisms associated with antigen presentation, antibody production, cytokine secretion, co-stimulator expression, and immunosuppression. Finally, we direct our focus to the signaling mechanisms, evolutionary conservation aspects, expression, and potential therapeutic strategies that could be based on tetraspanins and their interacting partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagui Zou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gerson Rothschild
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Pennsylvania, PA, United States.,Center for Clinic Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Uttiya Basu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Murru L, Vezzoli E, Longatti A, Ponzoni L, Falqui A, Folci A, Moretto E, Bianchi V, Braida D, Sala M, D'Adamo P, Bassani S, Francolini M, Passafaro M. Pharmacological Modulation of AMPAR Rescues Intellectual Disability-Like Phenotype in Tm4sf2-/y Mice. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:5369-5384. [PMID: 28968657 PMCID: PMC5939231 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability affects 2–3% of the world's population and typically begins during childhood, causing impairments in social skills and cognitive abilities. Mutations in the TM4SF2 gene, which encodes the TSPAN7 protein, cause a severe form of intellectual disability, and currently, no therapy is able to ameliorate this cognitive impairment. We previously reported that, in cultured neurons, shRNA-mediated down-regulation of TSPAN7 affects AMPAR trafficking by enhancing PICK1–GluA2 interaction, thereby increasing the intracellular retention of AMPAR. Here, we found that loss of TSPAN7 function in mice causes alterations in hippocampal excitatory synapse structure and functionality as well as cognitive impairment. These changes occurred along with alterations in AMPAR expression levels. We also found that interfering with PICK1–GluA2 binding restored synaptic function in Tm4sf2−/y mice. Moreover, potentiation of AMPAR activity via the administration of the ampakine CX516 reverted the neurological phenotype observed in Tm4sf2−/y mice, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of AMPAR may represent a new approach for treating patients affected by TM4SF2 mutations and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Murru
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Department of Biosciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Milan and Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Longatti
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Piazza Velasca 5, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Veronica Bianchi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Braida
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano,Italy
| | | | - Patrizia D'Adamo
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maura Francolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano,Italy
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23
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Reyes R, Cardeñes B, Machado-Pineda Y, Cabañas C. Tetraspanin CD9: A Key Regulator of Cell Adhesion in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:863. [PMID: 29760699 PMCID: PMC5936783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD9 is expressed by all the major subsets of leukocytes (B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages, and immature and mature dendritic cells) and also at a high level by endothelial cells. As a typical member of the tetraspanin superfamily, a prominent feature of CD9 is its propensity to engage in a multitude of interactions with other tetraspanins as well as with different transmembrane and intracellular proteins within the context of defined membranal domains termed tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Through these associations, CD9 influences many cellular activities in the different subtypes of leukocytes and in endothelial cells, including intracellular signaling, proliferation, activation, survival, migration, invasion, adhesion, and diapedesis. Several excellent reviews have already covered the topic of how tetraspanins, including CD9, regulate these cellular processes in the different cells of the immune system. In this mini-review, however, we will focus particularly on describing and discussing the regulatory effects exerted by CD9 on different adhesion molecules that play pivotal roles in the physiology of leukocytes and endothelial cells, with a particular emphasis in the regulation of adhesion molecules of the integrin and immunoglobulin superfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yesenia Machado-Pineda
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y OTR (IO2), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Sobocińska J, Roszczenko-Jasińska P, Zaręba-Kozioł M, Hromada-Judycka A, Matveichuk OV, Traczyk G, Łukasiuk K, Kwiatkowska K. Lipopolysaccharide Upregulates Palmitoylated Enzymes of the Phosphatidylinositol Cycle: An Insight from Proteomic Studies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:233-254. [PMID: 29217618 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that induces strong proinflammatory reactions of mammals. These processes are triggered upon sequential binding of LPS to CD14, a GPI-linked plasma membrane raft protein, and to the TLR4/MD2 receptor complex. We have found earlier that upon LPS binding, CD14 triggers generation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], a lipid controlling subsequent proinflammatory cytokine production. Here we show that stimulation of RAW264 macrophage-like cells with LPS induces global changes of the level of fatty-acylated, most likely palmitoylated, proteins. Among the acylated proteins that were up-regulated in those conditions were several enzymes of the phosphatidylinositol cycle. Global profiling of acylated proteins was performed by metabolic labeling of RAW264 cells with 17ODYA, an analogue of palmitic acid functionalized with an alkyne group, followed by detection and enrichment of labeled proteins using biotin-azide/streptavidin and their identification with mass spectrometry. This proteomic approach revealed that 154 fatty-acylated proteins were up-regulated, 186 downregulated, and 306 not affected in cells stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 60 min. The acylated proteins affected by LPS were involved in diverse biological functions, as found by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Detailed studies of 17ODYA-labeled and immunoprecipitated proteins revealed that LPS induces S-palmitoylation, hence activation, of type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) β, which phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate, a PI(4,5)P2 precursor. Silencing of PI4KIIβ and PI4KIIα inhibited LPS-induced expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines, especially in the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of TLR4. Reciprocally, this LPS-induced signaling pathway was significantly enhanced after overexpression of PI4KIIβ or PI4KIIα; this was dependent on palmitoylation of the kinases. However, the S-palmitoylation of PI4KIIα, hence its activity, was constitutive in RAW264 cells. Taken together the data indicate that LPS triggers S-palmitoylation and activation of PI4KIIβ, which generates PI(4)P involved in signaling pathways controlling production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sobocińska
- From the ‡Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology
| | | | - Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- §Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology
| | | | - Orest V Matveichuk
- From the ‡Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology
| | - Gabriela Traczyk
- From the ‡Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology
| | - Katarzyna Łukasiuk
- ¶Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Seu L, Tidwell C, Timares L, Duverger A, Wagner FH, Goepfert PA, Westfall AO, Sabbaj S, Kutsch O. CD151 Expression Is Associated with a Hyperproliferative T Cell Phenotype. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3336-3347. [PMID: 28954890 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD151 is a marker of aggressive cell proliferation and invasiveness for a variety of cancer types. Given reports of CD151 expression on T cells, we explored whether CD151 would mark T cells in a hyperactivated state. Consistent with the idea that CD151 could mark a phenotypically distinct T cell subset, it was not uniformly expressed on T cells. CD151 expression frequency was a function of the T cell lineage (CD8 > CD4) and a function of the memory differentiation state (naive T cells < central memory T cells < effector memory T cells < T effector memory RA+ cells). CD151 and CD57, a senescence marker, defined the same CD28- T cell populations. However, CD151 also marked a substantial CD28+ T cell population that was not marked by CD57. Kinome array analysis demonstrated that CD28+CD151+ T cells form a subpopulation with a distinct molecular baseline and activation phenotype. Network analysis of these data revealed that cell cycle control and cell death were the most altered process motifs in CD28+CD151+ T cells. We demonstrate that CD151 in T cells is not a passive marker, but actively changed the cell cycle control and cell death process motifs of T cells. Consistent with these data, long-term T cell culture experiments in the presence of only IL-2 demonstrated that independent of their CD28 expression status, CD151+ T cells, but not CD151- T cells, would exhibit an Ag-independent, hyperresponsive proliferation phenotype. Not unlike its reported function as a tumor aggressiveness marker, CD151 in humans thus marks and enables hyperproliferative T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Seu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Christopher Tidwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Laura Timares
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Alexandra Duverger
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Frederic H Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Andrew O Westfall
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Steffanie Sabbaj
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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26
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TSPAN7, effector of actin nucleation required for dendritic cell-mediated transfer of HIV-1 to T cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:703-708. [PMID: 28620031 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have essential roles in early detection of pathogens and activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Whereas human DCs are resistant to productive HIV-1 replication, they have a unique ability to take up virus and transmit it efficiently to T lymphocytes. By doing that, HIV-1 may evade, at least in part, the first line of defense of the immune system, exploiting DCs instead to facilitate rapid infection of a large pool of immune cells. While performing an shRNA screen in human primary monocyte-derived DCs, to gain insights into this cell biological process, we discovered the role played by tetraspanin-7 (TSPAN7). This member of the tetraspanin family appears to be a positive regulator of actin nucleation and stabilization, through the ARP2/3 complex. By doing so, TSPAN7 limits HIV-1 endocytosis and maintains viral particles on actin-rich dendrites for an efficient transfer toward T lymphocytes. While studying the function of TSPAN7 in the control of actin nucleation, we also discovered the existence in DCs of two opposing forces at the plasma membrane: actin nucleation, a protrusive force which seems to counterbalance actomyosin contraction.
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27
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Reducing isoform complexity of human tetraspanins by optimized expression in Dictyostelium discoideum enables high-throughput functional read-out. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 135:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Termini CM, Gillette JM. Tetraspanins Function as Regulators of Cellular Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:34. [PMID: 28428953 PMCID: PMC5382171 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are molecular scaffolds that distribute proteins into highly organized microdomains consisting of adhesion, signaling, and adaptor proteins. Many reports have identified interactions between tetraspanins and signaling molecules, finding unique downstream cellular consequences. In this review, we will explore these interactions as well as the specific cellular responses to signal activation, focusing on tetraspanin regulation of adhesion-mediated (integrins/FAK), receptor-mediated (EGFR, TNF-α, c-Met, c-Kit), and intracellular signaling (PKC, PI4K, β-catenin). Additionally, we will summarize our current understanding for how tetraspanin post-translational modifications (palmitoylation, N-linked glycosylation, and ubiquitination) can regulate signal propagation. Many of the studies outlined in this review suggest that tetraspanins offer a potential therapeutic target to modulate aberrant signal transduction pathways that directly impact a host of cellular behaviors and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Termini
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jennifer M Gillette
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerque, NM, USA
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29
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Lee SA, Suh Y, Lee S, Jeong J, Kim SJ, Kim SJ, Park SK. Functional expression of dopamine D2 receptor is regulated by tetraspanin 7-mediated postendocytic trafficking. FASEB J 2017; 31:2301-2313. [PMID: 28223337 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600755rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system plays an essential role in various functions of the brain, including locomotion, memory, and reward, and the deregulation of dopaminergic signaling as a result of altered functionality of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is implicated in multiple neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Tetraspanin-7 (TSPAN7) is expressed to variable degrees in different tissues, with the highest level in the brain, and multiple mutations in TSPAN7 have been implicated in intellectual disability. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TSPAN7 may be a binding partner of DRD2 that is involved in the regulation of its functional activity. Our results showed that TSPAN7 was associated with DRD2 and reduced its surface expression by enhancing DRD2 internalization. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that TSPAN7 that resides in the plasma membrane and early and late endosomes promoted internalization of DRD2 and its localization to endosomal compartments of the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, we observed that TSPAN7 deficiency increased surface localization of DRD2 concurrent with the decrease of its endocytosis, regardless of dopamine treatment. Finally, TSPAN7 negatively affects DRD2-mediated signaling. These results disclosed a previously uncharacterized role of TSPAN7 in the regulation of the expression and functional activity of DRD2 by postendocytic trafficking.-Lee, S.-A., Suh, Y., Lee, S., Jeong, J., Kim, S. J., Kim, S. J., Park, S. K. Functional expression of dopamine D2 receptor is regulated by tetraspanin 7-mediated postendocytic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol-Ae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Yeongjun Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Saebom Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - So Jung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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30
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Ménager MM, Littman DR. Actin Dynamics Regulates Dendritic Cell-Mediated Transfer of HIV-1 to T Cells. Cell 2016; 164:695-709. [PMID: 26830877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Whereas human dendritic cells (DCs) are largely resistant to productive infection with HIV-1, they have a unique ability to take up the virus and transmit it efficiently to T lymphocytes through a process of trans-infection or trans-enhancement. To elucidate the molecular and cell biological mechanism for trans-enhancement, we performed an shRNA screen of several hundred genes involved in organelle and membrane trafficking in immature human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). We identified TSPAN7 and DNM2, which control actin nucleation and stabilization, as having important and distinct roles in limiting HIV-1 endocytosis and in maintaining virus particles on dendrites, which is required for efficient transfer to T lymphocytes. Further characterization of this process may provide insights not only into the role of DCs in transmission and dissemination of HIV-1 but also more broadly into mechanisms controlling capture and internalization of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël M Ménager
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Dan R Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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31
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Rombouts K, Carloni V. Determination and Characterization of Tetraspanin-Associated Phosphoinositide-4 Kinases in Primary and Neoplastic Liver Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1376:203-212. [PMID: 26552686 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates phosphoinositide 4-phosphate as a regulatory molecule in its own right recruiting specific effector proteins to cellular membranes. Here, we describe biochemical and immunocytochemical methods to evaluate tetraspanin-associated phosphoinositide-4 kinases activity in primary human hepatic stellate cells (hHSC) and neoplastic hepatoblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Rombouts
- Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Vinicio Carloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for Research, Transfer and High Education, DENOthe, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, 50134, Italy.
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32
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Fang L, Zhu J, Ma Y, Hong C, Xiao S, Jin L. Neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 functions as a potential prognostic marker for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7439-46. [PMID: 26459749 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common histological cancer sub‑type worldwide. Neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 (Net-1), a Ras homolog family member A-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, has been shown to be upregulated in several human cancer types. However, the clinical significance of Net‑1 expression in NSCLC has remained elusive. The present study assessed Net‑1 mRNA and protein levels by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis of 64 cases of NSCLC as well as their adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, Net‑1 protein expression in tumor tissues derived from clinically annotated NSCLC cases at stages I‑III was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that Net‑1 mRNA and protein levels in NSCLC tissues were significantly elevated compared with those in their corresponding non‑tumor tissues. In addition, Net‑1 expression was strongly associated with the patients' pathological characteristics, including clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and differentiation degree (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that Net‑1 expression has a significant role in the tumorigenesis of distinct histotypes and sub‑types of NSCLC, and may therefore be utilized as a biomarker as well as an important therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Cao Hong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Longyu Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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33
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Yamada M, Sekiguchi K. Molecular Basis of Laminin-Integrin Interactions. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:197-229. [PMID: 26610915 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laminins are composed of three polypeptide chains, designated as α, β, and γ. The C-terminal region of laminin heterotrimers, containing coiled-coil regions, short tails, and laminin globular (LG) domains, is necessary and sufficient for binding to integrins, which are the major laminin receptor class. Laminin recognition by integrins critically requires the α chain LG domains and a glutamic acid residue of the γ chain at the third position from the C-terminus. Furthermore, the C-terminal region of the β chain contains a short amino acid sequence that modulates laminin affinity for integrins. Thus, all three of the laminin chains act cooperatively to facilitate integrin binding. Mammals possess 5 α (α1-5), 3 β (β1-3), and 3 γ (γ1-3) chains, combinations of which give rise to 16 distinct laminin isoforms. Each isoform is expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner, exerting its functions through binding of integrins. In this review, we detail the current knowledge surrounding the molecular basis and physiological relevance of specific interactions between laminins and integrins, and describe the mechanisms underlying laminin action through integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yamada
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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34
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Charming neighborhoods on the cell surface: plasma membrane microdomains regulate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1963-76. [PMID: 26163824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are an important family of growth factor and hormone receptors that regulate many aspects of cellular physiology. Ligand binding by RTKs at the plasma membrane elicits activation of many signaling intermediates. The spatial and temporal regulation of RTK signaling within cells is an important determinant of receptor signaling outcome. In particular, the compartmentalization of the plasma membrane into a number of microdomains allows context-specific control of RTK signaling. Indeed various RTKs are recruited to and enriched within specific plasma membrane microdomains under various conditions, including lipid-ordered domains such as caveolae and lipid rafts, clathrin-coated structures, tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, and actin-dependent protrusive membrane microdomains such as dorsal ruffles and invadosomes. We examine the evidence for control of RTK signaling by each of these plasma membrane microdomains, as well as molecular mechanisms for how this spatial organization controls receptor signaling.
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35
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Ji ZJ, Wang JL, Chen L. Inhibition of skin squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and promote apoptosis by dual silencing of NET-1 and survivin. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:811-22. [PMID: 26080853 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous silencing of multiple upregulated genes is an attractive and viable strategy to treat many incurable diseases including cancer. In the present study, skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) tissue microarray was constructed and the expression of NET-1 and survivin was identified. The high expression of NET-1 and survivin gene in SSCC was confirmed as an important event for the formation and development of the cancer. A total of 100 primary SSCC patients were included in the present study. Expression of NET-1 and survivin in cancer cells was evaluated immunohistochemically in tissue microarrays. The interaction between NET-1 and survivin in SSCC by co-immunoprecipitation was subsequently verified by producing the siRNA sequence targeting the single gene (siRNA-NET-1 and siRNA-survivin) as well as NET-1 and survivin gene (one-chain-double-target siRNA). The levels of NET-1 and survivin mRNA and protein expression in A431 cells were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting, and the expression of related genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cortactin, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and -8 was identified using RT-qPCR. The protein localization and expression of NET-1 and survivin in A431 cells were documented by immunohistochemistry and immuno-fluorescence staining. The proliferation and apoptosis of A431 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry (FCM). The tissue microarray showed that NET-1 and survivin were highly expressed in SSCC, while the correlation analysis showed NET-1 expression was positively associated with survivin. In addition, we reported that using the one-chain-double-target siRNA conjugate composed of NET-1 and survivin siRNA sequences in the same backbone inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of SSCC. The one-chain-double-target siRNA showed further downregulation on NET-1 and survivin mRNA and protein levels compared with NET-1 siRNA or survivin siRNA. It also exhibited greater suppression on proliferation and triggering of apoptosis in A431 cells than NET-1 siRNA or survivin siRNA. This result may be explained by the significant downregulation of VEGF, cortactin and Bcl-2, and upregulation of caspase-3 and -8. NET-1 and survivin were overexpressed in SSCC and an interaction between NET-1 and survivin was identified. The one-chain-double-target siRNA appears to be superior in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis compared with the single target siRNA. NET-1 and survivin may have correlative signaling pathways with VEGF, cortactin, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and -8. Simultaneous silencing of NET-1 and survivin using one-chain-double-target siRNA thus provides an advantageous alternative in the development of therapeutics for SSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Jing Ji
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Li Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Reyes R, Monjas A, Yánez-Mó M, Cardeñes B, Morlino G, Gilsanz A, Machado-Pineda Y, Lafuente E, Monk P, Sánchez-Madrid F, Cabañas C. Different states of integrin LFA-1 aggregation are controlled through its association with tetraspanin CD9. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2464-80. [PMID: 26003300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD9 has been shown to interact with different members of the β1 and β3 subfamilies of integrins, regulating through these interactions cell adhesion, migration and signaling. Based on confocal microscopy co-localization and on co-immunoprecipitation results, we report here that CD9 associates with the β2 integrin LFA-1 in different types of leukocytes including T, B and monocytic cells. This association is resistant to stringent solubilization conditions which, together with data from chemical crosslinking, in situ Proximity Ligation Assays and pull-down experiments, suggest a primary/direct type of interaction mediated by the Large Extracellular Loop of the tetraspanin. CD9 exerts inhibitory effects on the adhesive function of LFA-1 and on LFA-1-dependent leukocyte cytotoxic activity. The mechanism responsible for this negative regulation exerted by CD9 on LFA-1 adhesion does not involve changes in the affinity state of this integrin but seems to be related to alterations in its state of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Reyes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Monjas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Yánez-Mó
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Morlino
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Gilsanz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Lafuente
- Departamento de Microbiología I, Area de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Monk
- University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología I, Area de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Coceres VM, Alonso AM, Nievas YR, Midlej V, Frontera L, Benchimol M, Johnson PJ, de Miguel N. The C-terminal tail of tetraspanin proteins regulates their intracellular distribution in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1217-29. [PMID: 25703821 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection. Here, we report the cellular analysis of T.vaginalis tetraspanin family (TvTSPs). This family of membrane proteins has been implicated in cell adhesion, migration and proliferation in vertebrates. We found that the expression of several members of the family is up-regulated upon contact with vaginal ectocervical cells. We demonstrate that most TvTSPs are localized on the surface and intracellular vesicles and that the C-terminal intracellular tails of surface TvTSPs are necessary for proper localization. Analyses of full-length TvTSP8 and a mutant that lacks the C-terminal tail indicates that surface-localized TvTSP8 is involved in parasite aggregation, suggesting a role for this protein in parasite : parasite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Coceres
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnologico Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomus, B7130IWA, Argentina
| | - A M Alonso
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnologico Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomus, B7130IWA, Argentina
| | - Y R Nievas
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnologico Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomus, B7130IWA, Argentina
| | - V Midlej
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Frontera
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnologico Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomus, B7130IWA, Argentina
| | - M Benchimol
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Unigranrio, Universidade do Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P J Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1489, USA
| | - N de Miguel
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnologico Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomus, B7130IWA, Argentina
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Kerrisk ME, Cingolani LA, Koleske AJ. ECM receptors in neuronal structure, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 214:101-31. [PMID: 25410355 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During central nervous system development, extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors and their ligands play key roles as guidance molecules, informing neurons where and when to send axonal and dendritic projections, establish connections, and form synapses between pre- and postsynaptic cells. Once stable synapses are formed, many ECM receptors transition in function to control the maintenance of stable connections between neurons and regulate synaptic plasticity. These receptors bind to and are activated by ECM ligands. In turn, ECM receptor activation modulates downstream signaling cascades that control cytoskeletal dynamics and synaptic activity to regulate neuronal structure and function and thereby impact animal behavior. The activities of cell adhesion receptors that mediate interactions between pre- and postsynaptic partners are also strongly influenced by ECM composition. This chapter highlights a number of ECM receptors, their roles in the control of synapse structure and function, and the impact of these receptors on synaptic plasticity and animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Kerrisk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lorenzo A Cingolani
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Zuidscherwoude M, de Winde CM, Cambi A, van Spriel AB. Microdomains in the membrane landscape shape antigen-presenting cell function. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:251-63. [PMID: 24168856 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0813440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of immune cells is a highly organized cell structure that is key to the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. It is well-established that immunoreceptors embedded in the plasma membrane have a nonrandom spatial distribution that is important for coupling to components of intracellular signaling cascades. In the last two decades, specialized membrane microdomains, including lipid rafts and TEMs, have been identified. These domains are preformed structures ("physical entities") that compartmentalize proteins, lipids, and signaling molecules into multimolecular assemblies. In APCs, different microdomains containing immunoreceptors (MHC proteins, PRRs, integrins, among others) have been reported that are imperative for efficient pathogen recognition, the formation of the immunological synapse, and subsequent T cell activation. In addition, recent work has demonstrated that tetraspanin microdomains and lipid rafts are involved in BCR signaling and B cell activation. Research into the molecular mechanisms underlying membrane domain formation is fundamental to a comprehensive understanding of membrane-proximal signaling and APC function. This review will also discuss the advances in the microscopy field for the visualization of the plasma membrane, as well as the recent progress in targeting microdomains as novel, therapeutic approach for infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Zuidscherwoude
- 1.Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences/278 TIL, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Toricelli M, Melo FHM, Peres GB, Silva DCP, Jasiulionis MG. Timp1 interacts with beta-1 integrin and CD63 along melanoma genesis and confers anoikis resistance by activating PI3-K signaling pathway independently of Akt phosphorylation. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:22. [PMID: 23522389 PMCID: PMC3635912 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoikis resistance is one of the abilities acquired along tumor progression. This characteristic is associated with metastasis development, since tumorigenic cells must survive independently of cell-matrix interactions in this process. In our laboratory, it was developed a murine melanocyte malignant transformation model associated with a sustained stressful condition. After subjecting melan-a melanocytes to 1, 2, 3 and 4 cycles of anchorage impediment, anoikis resistant cells were established and named 1C, 2C, 3C and 4C, respectively. These cells showed altered morphology and PMA independent cell growth, but were not tumorigenic, corresponding to pre-malignant cells. After limiting dilution of 4C pre-malignant cells, melanoma cell lines with different characteristics were obtained. Previous data from our group showed that increased Timp1 expression correlated with anoikis-resistant phenotype. Timp1 was shown to confer anchorage-independent growth capability to melan-a melanocytes and render melanoma cells more aggressive when injected into mice. However, the mechanisms involved in anoikis regulation by Timp1 in tumorigenic cells are not clear yet. METHODS The β1-integrin and Timp1 expression were evaluated by Western blotting and CD63 protein expression by flow cytometry using specific antibodies. To analyze the interaction among Timp1, CD63 and β1-integrin, immunoprecipitation assays were performed, anoikis resistance capability was evaluated in the presence or not of the PI3-K inhibitors, Wortmannin and LY294002. Relative expression of TIMP1 and CD63 in human metastatic melanoma cells was analyzed by real time PCR. RESULTS Differential association among Timp1, CD63 and β1-integrins was observed in melan-a melanocytes, 4C pre-malignant melanocytes and 4C11- and 4C11+ melanoma cells. Timp1 present in conditioned medium of melanoma cells rendered melan-a melanocytes anoikis-resistant through PI3-K signaling pathway independently of Akt activation. In human melanoma cell lines, in which TIMP1 and beta-1 integrin were also found to be interacting, TIMP1 and CD63 levels together was shown to correlate significantly with colony formation capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Timp1 is assembled in a supramolecular complex containing CD63 and β1-integrins along melanoma genesis and confers anoikis resistance by activating PI3-K signaling pathway, independently of Akt phosphorylation. In addition, our data point TIMP1, mainly together with CD63, as a potential biomarker of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Toricelli
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tejera E, Rocha-Perugini V, López-Martín S, Pérez-Hernández D, Bachir AI, Horwitz AR, Vázquez J, Sánchez-Madrid F, Yáñez-Mo M. CD81 regulates cell migration through its association with Rac GTPase. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 24:261-73. [PMID: 23264468 PMCID: PMC3564539 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-09-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Data presented here provide evidence for a new direct interaction of the GTPase Rac with the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of tetraspanin CD81. Tetraspanin-enriched, microdomain-dependent compartmentalization is a novel regulatory mechanism of Rac activity turnover, which provides a novel mechanism for regulation of cell motility by tetraspanins. CD81 is a member of the tetraspanin family that has been described to have a key role in cell migration of tumor and immune cells. To unravel the mechanisms of CD81-regulated cell migration, we performed proteomic analyses that revealed an interaction of the tetraspanin C-terminal domain with the small GTPase Rac. Direct interaction was confirmed biochemically. Moreover, microscopy cross-correlation analysis demonstrated the in situ integration of both molecules into the same molecular complex. Pull-down experiments revealed that CD81-Rac interaction was direct and independent of Rac activation status. Knockdown of CD81 resulted in enhanced protrusion rate, altered focal adhesion formation, and decreased cell migration, correlating with increased active Rac. Reexpression of wild-type CD81, but not its truncated form lacking the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain, rescued these effects. The phenotype of CD81 knockdown cells was mimicked by treatment with a soluble peptide with the C-terminal sequence of the tetraspanin. Our data show that the interaction of Rac with the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of CD81 is a novel regulatory mechanism of the GTPase activity turnover. Furthermore, they provide a novel mechanism for tetraspanin-dependent regulation of cell motility and open new avenues for tetraspanin-targeted reagents by the use of cell-permeable peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Tejera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 2006 Madrid, Spain
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Han X, Cheng W, Jing H, Zhang JW, Tang LL. Neuroepithelial transforming protein 1 short interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing with microbubble and ultrasound exposure inhibits the proliferation of hepatic carcinoma cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2012; 31:853-861. [PMID: 22644681 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2012.31.6.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been used to knock down the expression of targeted genes in a process known as RNA interference. However, the key to RNA interference is the efficient intracellular delivery of the siRNA. In this study, we sought to enhance the efficiency of transduction and find a novel therapy for hepatic carcinoma. METHODS Three types of neuroepithelial transforming protein 1 (NET-1) siRNAs (labeled fluorescent) were designed and transduced into HepG2 cells. Then the most effective one in silencing NET-1 was determined. The HepG2 cells were divided into 5 groups: untreated control; delivery of siRNA; delivery of siRNA using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA; group L); delivery of siRNA using ultrasound exposure and microbubbles (group US); and delivery of siRNA using Lipofectamine, ultrasound exposure, and microbubbles (group LUS). The efficiency of siRNA transfer was determined by detection of luciferase activity on microscopy; NET-1 expression was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting; and proliferation investigations of the HepG2 cells were performed. RESULTS- The transfection efficiency of microbubbles combined with ultrasound exposure was nearly equal to Lipofectamine-mediated transfection (P = .609). More importantly, the combination of Lipofectamine, microbubbles, and ultrasound exposure effectively reduced NET-1 expression compared with the other groups (P < .01). Furthermore, the proliferation of cells in groups L, US, and LUS was visibly inhibited between 24 and 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS The use of a microbubble contrast agent combined with ultrasound exposure could be a potent physical method for increasing gene delivery efficiency. This technique is a promising nonviral approach that can be used in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Rd, Nangang District, 150081 Harbin, China
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Bassani S, Cingolani LA, Valnegri P, Folci A, Zapata J, Gianfelice A, Sala C, Goda Y, Passafaro M. The X-linked intellectual disability protein TSPAN7 regulates excitatory synapse development and AMPAR trafficking. Neuron 2012; 73:1143-58. [PMID: 22445342 PMCID: PMC3314997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in TSPAN7—a member of the tetraspanin protein superfamily—are implicated in some forms of X-linked intellectual disability. Here we show that TSPAN7 overexpression promotes the formation of filopodia and dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons from embryonic rats, whereas TSPAN7 silencing reduces head size and stability of spines and AMPA receptor currents. Via its C terminus, TSPAN7 interacts with the PDZ domain of protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1), to regulate PICK1 and GluR2/3 association and AMPA receptor trafficking. These findings indicate that, in hippocampal neurons, TSPAN7 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking by limiting PICK1 accessibility to AMPA receptors and suggest an additional mechanism for the functional maturation of glutamatergic synapses, whose impairment is implicated in intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bassani
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milan, Milan 20129, Italy
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Pata S, Otáhal P, Brdička T, Laopajon W, Mahasongkram K, Kasinrerk W. Association of CD99 short and long forms with MHC class I, MHC class II and tetraspanin CD81 and recruitment into immunological synapses. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:293. [PMID: 21838920 PMCID: PMC3170336 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD99, a leukocyte surface glycoprotein, is broadly expressed in many cell types. On the cell surface, CD99 is expressed as two distinct isoforms, a long form and a short form. CD99 has been demonstrated to play a key role in several biological processes, including the regulation of T cell activation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CD99 participates in such processes are unclear. As CD99 contains a short cytoplasmic tail, it is unlikely that CD99 itself takes part in its multi-functions. Association of CD99 with other membrane proteins has been suggested to be necessary for exerting its functions. Results In this study, we analyzed the association of CD99 with other cell surface molecules involved in T cell activation. We demonstrate the association of MHC class I, MHC class II and tetraspanin CD81 with CD99 molecules on the cell surface. Association of CD99 with its partners was observed for both isoforms. In addition, we determined that CD99 is a lipid raft-associated membrane protein and is recruited into the immunologic synapse during T cell activation. The implication of CD99 on T cell activation was investigated. Inhibition of anti-CD3 induced T cell proliferation by an anti-CD99 monoclonal antibody was observed. Conclusions We provide evidence that CD99 directly interact and form the complex with the MHC class I and II, and tetraspanin CD81, and is functionally linked to the formation of the immunologic synapse. Upon T cell activation, CD99 engagement can inhibit T cell proliferation. We speculate that the CD99-MHC-CD81 complex is a tetraspanin web that plays an important role in T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supansa Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Abstract
Tetraspanins are a superfamily of integral membrane proteins involved in the organization of microdomains that consist of both cell membrane proteins and cytoplasmic signalling molecules. These microdomains are important in regulating molecular recognition at the cell surface and subsequent signal transduction processes central to the generation of an efficient immune response. Tetraspanins, both immune-cell-specific, such as CD37, and ubiquitously expressed, such as CD81, have been shown to be imp-ortant in both innate and adaptive cellular immunity. This is via their molecular interaction with important immune cell-surface molecules such as antigen-presenting MHC proteins, T-cell co-receptors CD4 and CD8, as well as cytoplasmic molecules such as Lck and PKC (protein kinase C). Moreover, the generation of tetraspanin-deficient mice has enabled the study of these proteins in immunity. A variety of tetraspanins have a role in the regulation of pattern recognition, antigen presentation and T-cell proliferation. Recent studies have also begun to elucidate roles for tetraspanins in macrophages, NK cells (natural killer cells) and granulocytes.
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Abstract
Among the 33 human tetraspanin proteins, CD151, CD9 and Tspan12 play particularly important roles in cancer. Tetraspanin CD151, in partnership with integrins α6β1 and α6β4, modulates tumour cell growth, invasion, migration, metastasis, signalling and drug sensitivity. Tetraspanin CD9 has suppressor functions in multiple tumour cell types. Major CD9 partner proteins, such as EWI-2 and EWI-F, may modulate these tumour-suppressor functions. Tetraspanin Tspan12 mutations are linked to a human disease called familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. In addition, as a regulator of the metalloprotease ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10) maturation and function, Tspan12 probably contributes to the pro-tumorigenic functions of ADAM10.
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Abstract
CD151 is a plasma membrane protein belonging to the tetraspanin superfamily which is expressed on normal cells such as endothelial cells and platelets and frequently overexpressed on cancer cells. It is known to be functionally linked to cancer metastasis. In humans, increased expression of CD151 is indicative of a poor prognosis in different cancer types. Whereas its mechanism of action remains obscure, CD151 was shown to regulate cell motility and adhesion through association with laminin-binding integrins such as α3β1 or α6β4. Several anti-CD151 mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) have been shown to display anti-metastatic activity in vivo. Inhibition of metastasis was not attributed to any effect of these mAbs on tumour cell growth, but was essentially attributed to inhibition of cell motility. We have generated anti-CD151 mAbs which can inhibit the tumoral growth in different xenograft cancer models. As expected, these mAbs were also able to inhibit metastasis in orthotopic cancer models. These data suggest that CD151 could function at multiple cancer stages, including not only metastasis cascade steps, but also earlier steps of primary tumour growth, thus reinforcing the interest of this innovative target in oncology. mAbs targeting CD151 may be of significant interest for cancer biotherapy.
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Abstract
Tetraspanin CD9 is associated with integrin adhesion receptors and it was reported that CD9 regulates integrin-dependent cell migration and invasion. Pro- and anti-migratory effects of CD9 have been linked to adhesion-dependent signalling pathways, including phosphorylation of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). In the present paper, we describe a novel mechanism whereby CD9 specifically controls localization of talin1, one of the critical regulators of integrin activation, to focal adhesions: CD9-deficiency leads to impaired localization of talin1 to focal adhesions and correlates with increased motility of breast cancer cells.
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Tu Y, Lu J, Fu J, Cao Y, Fu G, Kang R, Tian X, Wang B. Over-expression of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 confers poor prognosis of patients with gliomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40:388-94. [PMID: 20304779 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyp186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor family, a group of proteins which are known to activate and thereby regulate Rho family members. Deregulation of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression has been found in certain types of human tumors. To investigate its prognostic value in human gliomas, which is currently unknown, we examined the correlation between neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression and prognosis in patients with gliomas. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression patterns in the biopsies from 96 patients with primary gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox's regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of patients. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 antibody revealed that neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 was significantly associated with the Karnofsky performance scale score and World Health Organization grades of patients with gliomas. Especially, the positive expression rates of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 were significantly higher in patients with higher grade (P = 0.001) and lower Karnofsky's performance scale score (P = 0.005). The median survival of patients with high neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression was significantly shorter than that with low expression and without expression (316, 892 and 1180 days, respectively). Cox's multifactor analysis showed that the Karnofsky performance scale (P = 0.01), World Health Organization grade (P = 0.008) and neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 (P = 0.006) were independent prognosis factors for human glioma. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study indicates for the first time that neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 status may be a highly sensitive marker for glioma prognosis and suggest that the expression patterns of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 might be a potent tool for predicting the clinical prognosis of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Tu
- Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, The Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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Abstract
Within the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors, integrins alpha3beta1, alpha6beta1, alpha6beta4 and alpha7beta1 make up a laminin-binding subfamily. The literature is divided on the role of these laminin-binding integrins in metastasis, with different studies indicating either pro- or antimetastatic functions. The opposing roles of the laminin-binding integrins in different settings might derive in part from their unusually robust associations with tetraspanin proteins. Tetraspanins organise integrins into multiprotein complexes within discrete plasma membrane domains termed tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). TEM association is crucial to the strikingly rapid cell migration mediated by some of the laminin-binding integrins. However, emerging data suggest that laminin-binding integrins also promote the stability of E-cadherin-based cell-cell junctions, and that tetraspanins are essential for this function as well. Thus, TEM association endows the laminin-binding integrins with both pro-invasive functions (rapid migration) and anti-invasive functions (stable cell junctions), and the composition of TEMs in different cell types might help determine the balance between these opposing activities. Unravelling the tetraspanin control mechanisms that regulate laminin-binding integrins will help to define the settings where inhibiting the function of these integrins would be helpful rather than harmful, and may create opportunities to modulate integrin activity in more sophisticated ways than simple functional blockade.
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