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Tillquist NM, Reed SA, Reiter AS, Kawaida MY, Lee EC, Zinn SA, Govoni KE. Effects of poor maternal diet during gestation are detected in F2 offspring. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae055. [PMID: 38665215 PMCID: PMC11044704 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition of F0 ewes impairs F1 offspring growth, with minimal differences in glucose tolerance or select metabolic circulating factors, and independent of differences in residual feed intake (RFI). To determine if poor maternal nutrition in F0 ewes alters F2 offspring growth, circulating leptin, feed efficiency, or glucose tolerance, F0 ewes (n = 46) pregnant with twins were fed 100% (control), 60% (restricted), or 140% (over) of National Research Council requirements from days 30 ± 0.02 of gestation until parturition. At 16 to 19 mo of age, female F1 (n = 36) offspring were bred to generate F2 offspring [CON-F2 (n = 12 ewes; 6 rams), RES-F2 (n = 7 ewes; 13 rams), or OVER-F2 (n = 13 ewes; 9 rams) corresponding to diets of the granddam (F0)]. Lamb body weights (BW) and blood samples were collected weekly from days 0 to 28 and every 14 d until day 252 of age. Circulating leptin was measured in serum at days 0, 7, 14, 56, 210, and 252. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed at days 133 ± 0.28. At days 167 ± 0.33, individual daily intake was recorded over a 77-d feeding period to determine RFI. Rams were euthanized at days 285 ± 0.93, and body morphometrics, loin eye area (LEA), back fat thickness, and organ weights were collected and bone mineral density (BMD) and length were determined in the right hind leg. During gestation, OVER-F1 ewes tended to be 8.6% smaller than CON-F1 ewes (P ≤ 0.06). F2 offspring were of similar BW from birth to day 70 (P ≥ 0.20). However, from days 84 to 252, RES-F2 offspring tended to be 7.3% smaller than CON-F2 (P ≤ 0.10). Granddam diet did not influence F2 ram body morphometrics, organ or muscle weights, LEA, adipose deposition, or leg BMD (P ≥ 0.84). RES-F2 (-0.20) and CON-F2 (-0.45) rams tended to be more feed efficient than CON-F2 ewes (0.31; P ≤ 0.08). No effects of granddam diet were observed on glucose or insulin average or baseline concentrations, area under the curve, first-phase response, or ratio (P ≥ 0.52). However, CON-F2 rams (297 mg/dL ± 16.5) had a greater glucose peak compared with RES-F2 rams (239 mg/dL ± 11.2; P = 0.05). Peak insulin concentrations were not influenced by granddam diet (P = 0.75). At d 56, RES-F2 and OVER-F2 offspring had 53.5% and 61.8% less leptin compared with CON-F2 offspring, respectively (P ≤ 0.02). These data indicate that poor maternal nutrition impacts offspring growth into the second generation with minimal impacts on offspring RFI, glucose tolerance, and circulating leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Tillquist
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - S A Reed
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - A S Reiter
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - M Y Kawaida
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - E C Lee
- University of Connecticut, Department of Kinesiology, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - S A Zinn
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - K E Govoni
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Ersoy U, Kanakis I, Alameddine M, Pedraza-Vazquez G, Ozanne SE, Peffers MJ, Jackson MJ, Goljanek-Whysall K, Vasilaki A. Lifelong dietary protein restriction accelerates skeletal muscle loss and reduces muscle fibre size by impairing proteostasis and mitochondrial homeostasis. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102980. [PMID: 38064763 PMCID: PMC10755587 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The early life environment significantly affects the development of age-related skeletal muscle disorders. However, the long-term effects of lactational protein restriction on skeletal muscle are still poorly defined. Our study revealed that male mice nursed by dams fed a low-protein diet during lactation exhibited skeletal muscle growth restriction. This was associated with a dysregulation in the expression levels of genes related to the ribosome, mitochondria and skeletal muscle development. We reported that lifelong protein restriction accelerated loss of type-IIa muscle fibres and reduced muscle fibre size by impairing mitochondrial homeostasis and proteostasis at 18 months of age. However, feeding a normal-protein diet following lactational protein restriction prevented accelerated fibre loss and fibre size reduction in later life. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which lactational protein restriction hinders skeletal muscle growth and includes evidence that lifelong dietary protein restriction accelerated skeletal muscle loss in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Ersoy
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Moussira Alameddine
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gibran Pedraza-Vazquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mandy Jayne Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Yao WY, Yu YF, Li L, Xu WH. Parental exposure to famine in early life and child overweight in offspring in Chinese populations. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:458-466. [PMID: 36857955 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the transgenerational effect of nutrition deficiency in early life. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of fetal and childhood exposure to famine of parents with their offspring's risk of overweight during childhood. METHODS This analysis included a total of 3734 participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey aged 1-17 years whose fathers and/or mothers were born in 1955-1966. These children were classified into subgroups according to parental famine exposure status (unexposed and exposed) and timing (fetal-exposed and childhood-exposed). Random effects models were applied to evaluate the associations of parental famine exposure with body mass index (BMI) and overweight of offspring. Fractional polynomial functions were adopted to describe trajectories of BMI against age. RESULTS Compared with children of unexposed parents, there was a lower risk of overweight among offspring of childhood-exposed fathers [OR (95%CI): 0.80 (0.61, 1.04)] or exposed parents [0.84 (0.68, 1.04)], particularly among male offspring, but not among those with exposed mothers only [0.98 (0.65, 1.47)]. For BMI, children with exposed mothers only had a slightly higher BMI [β(95%CI): 0.17 (-0.15, 0.49)], while those with exposed fathers only had no difference [-0.02 (-0.23, 0.19)] or exposed parents had a slightly lower BMI [-0.17 (-0.33, 0.00)] (p < 0.05 for interaction between maternal and paternal exposures). Stratified analysis showed little heterogeneity between male and female offspring, but the association between paternal childhood exposure to famine and lower overweight risk in offspring was more evident in high (vs low) paternal education group (p for interaction< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The transgenerational associations of early-life exposure to famine with lower risks of child overweight may be via the paternal line and differ by the educational levels of parents. Further studies are warranted to confirm the results and reveal the biological mechanisms underlying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Building V of Zhongfu Square, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China
| | - Yong-Fu Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leah Li
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Wang-Hong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Building V of Zhongfu Square, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China.
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Effects of Parental Dietary Restriction on Offspring Fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051273. [PMID: 36904272 PMCID: PMC10005678 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a well-established strategy to increase lifespan and stress resistance in many eukaryotic species. In addition, individuals fed a restricted diet typically reduce or completely shut down reproduction compared to individuals fed a full diet. Although the parental environment can lead to changes epigenetically in offspring gene expression, little is known about the role of the parental (F0) diet on the fitness of their offspring (F1). This study investigated the lifespan, stress resistance, development, body weight, fecundity, and feeding rate in offspring from parental flies exposed to a full or restricted diet. The offspring flies of the parental DR showed increases in body weight, resistance to various stressors, and lifespan, but the development and fecundity were unaffected. Interestingly, parental DR reduced the feeding rate of their offspring. This study suggests that the effect of DR can extend beyond the exposed individual to their offspring, and it should be considered in both theoretical and empirical studies of senescence.
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Intergenerational effects of early-life health shocks during the Chinese 1959–1961 famine. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A large literature has examined early-life insult and later-life health outcomes. However, whether early-life exposure might persist into the outcomes of future generations remains unclear. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies, this study examines the intergenerational effects of early-life health shocks during the great famine in China, distinguishes the intergenerational effects of in utero and early-life famine exposure, and estimates whether there is a sex-specific transgenerational response. Difference-in-difference results show that first-generation male in utero famine exposure (1959–1961) is associated with a series of health and economic disadvantages in the second generation, compared with the unexposed post-famine-born cohort (1964–1965) in China. The effect persists in the third generation but attenuates, and there is no same-sex transgenerational response. These findings may suggest a novel source of multigenerational persistence in health and economic poverty and may point to a need to consider evidence of transgenerational mechanisms.
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Harville EW, Wallace ME, He H, Bazzano LA. Lifetime cardiovascular risk factors and maternal and offspring birth outcomes: Bogalusa Babies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260703. [PMID: 35081112 PMCID: PMC8791492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both cardiovascular and reproductive complications may have origins in utero or in early life. Women in the Bogalusa Heart Study (n = 1401) had been linked to birth certificates for birthweight and gestational data, which were examined relative to childhood (ages 4–16) cardiometabolic indicators, indicated by mean levels overall and total risk factor burden as estimated by area under the curve (AUC) computed from longitudinal quadratic random-effects growth models. Women reported the birthweight and gestational age of each of their own pregnancies, and delivery medical records were linked to interview data where possible. Path analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among a woman’s own birth outcomes, childhood and preconception adult cardiovascular health, and birth outcomes. Mean blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP) adjusted relative risk (aRR) per 1-SD increase, 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.57) and low-density lipoprotein (aRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02–1.44) in childhood predicted preterm birth (PTB), while mean SBP (aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02–1.74) predicted term low birthweight. The AUC data suggested an association between blood pressure and PTB (aRR for SBP top 10%, 1.86, 95% CI 1.08–3.21). Pre-pregnancy total cholesterol was negatively associated with gestational age. In path analyses, positive associations were found for each step between own birthweight, childhood BMI, pre-pregnancy BMI, and child’s birthweight. Childhood levels of some, though not all, cardiovascular risk factors may predict adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth and reduced fetal growth).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maeve E. Wallace
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavior, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Hua He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Lydia A. Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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7
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Doan TNA, Akison LK, Bianco-Miotto T. Epigenetic Mechanisms Responsible for the Transgenerational Inheritance of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Phenotypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:838737. [PMID: 35432208 PMCID: PMC9008301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A poorly functioning placenta results in impaired exchanges of oxygen, nutrition, wastes and hormones between the mother and her fetus. This can lead to restriction of fetal growth. These growth restricted babies are at increased risk of developing chronic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease, later in life. Animal studies have shown that growth restricted phenotypes are sex-dependent and can be transmitted to subsequent generations through both the paternal and maternal lineages. Altered epigenetic mechanisms, specifically changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of genes that are important for fetal development have been shown to be associated with the transmission pattern of growth restricted phenotypes. This review will discuss the subsequent health outcomes in the offspring after growth restriction and the transmission patterns of these diseases. Evidence of altered epigenetic mechanisms in association with fetal growth restriction will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Ngoc Anh Doan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa K. Akison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tina Bianco-Miotto,
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Kuiper-Makris C, Selle J, Nüsken E, Dötsch J, Alejandre Alcazar MA. Perinatal Nutritional and Metabolic Pathways: Early Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:667315. [PMID: 34211985 PMCID: PMC8239134 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.667315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung development is not completed at birth, but expands beyond infancy, rendering the lung highly susceptible to injury. Exposure to various influences during a critical window of organ growth can interfere with the finely-tuned process of development and induce pathological processes with aberrant alveolarization and long-term structural and functional sequelae. This concept of developmental origins of chronic disease has been coined as perinatal programming. Some adverse perinatal factors, including prematurity along with respiratory support, are well-recognized to induce bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a neonatal chronic lung disease that is characterized by arrest of alveolar and microvascular formation as well as lung matrix remodeling. While the pathogenesis of various experimental models focus on oxygen toxicity, mechanical ventilation and inflammation, the role of nutrition before and after birth remain poorly investigated. There is accumulating clinical and experimental evidence that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as a consequence of limited nutritive supply due to placental insufficiency or maternal malnutrition is a major risk factor for BPD and impaired lung function later in life. In contrast, a surplus of nutrition with perinatal maternal obesity, accelerated postnatal weight gain and early childhood obesity is associated with wheezing and adverse clinical course of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma. While the link between perinatal nutrition and lung health has been described, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. There are initial data showing that inflammatory and nutrient sensing processes are involved in programming of alveolarization, pulmonary angiogenesis, and composition of extracellular matrix. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the impact of perinatal metabolism and nutrition on the lung and beyond the cardiopulmonary system as well as possible mechanisms determining the individual susceptibility to CLD early in life. We aim to emphasize the importance of unraveling the mechanisms of perinatal metabolic programming to develop novel preventive and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celien Kuiper-Makris
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics—Experimental Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jaco Selle
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics—Experimental Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Nüsken
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A. Alejandre Alcazar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics—Experimental Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Gießen, Germany
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9
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Rodgers A, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Developmental programming of offspring adipose tissue biology and obesity risk. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1170-1192. [PMID: 33758341 PMCID: PMC8159749 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and imposes major negative health crises and an economic burden in both high and low income countries. The multifaceted nature of obesity represents a major health challenge, with obesity affecting a variety of different organs and increases the risk of many other noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, dementia, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. The defining organ of obesity is the adipose tissue, highlighting the need to more comprehensively understand the development and biology of this tissue to understand the pathogenesis of obesity. Adipose tissue is a miscellaneous and highly plastic endocrine organ. It comes in many different sizes and shades and is distributed throughout many different locations in the body. Though its development begins prenatally, quite uniquely, it has the capacity for unlimited growth throughout adulthood. Adipose tissue is also a highly sexually dimorphic tissue, patterning men and women in different ways, which means the risks associated with obesity are also sexually dimorphic. Recent studies show that environmental factors during prenatal and early stages of postnatal development have the capacity to programme the structure and function of adipose tissue, with implications for the development of obesity. This review summarizes the evidence for a role for early environmental factors, such as maternal malnutrition, hypoxia, and exposure to excess hormones and endocrine disruptors during gestation in the programming of adipose tissue and obesity in the offspring. We will also discuss the complexity of studying adipose tissue biology and the importance of appreciating nuances in adipose tissue, such as sexual dimorphism and divergent responses to metabolic and endocrine stimuli. Given the rising levels of obesity worldwide, understanding how environmental conditions in early life affects adipose tissue phenotype and the subsequent development of obesity is of absolute importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rodgers
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Mallinson PAC, Kulkarni B, Bhogadi S, Kinra S. Association between parents' socioeconomic conditions and nutritional status during childhood and the risk of cardiovascular disease in their adult offspring: an intergenerational study in south India. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:1091-1097. [PMID: 33980719 PMCID: PMC8515111 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-216261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Some researchers have suggested that parents’ exposure to poor socioeconomic conditions during childhood can increase their offspring’s risk of cardiovascular disease, primarily through poor maternal nutrition and growth. However, epidemiological data on this association are limited. In an intergenerational cohort from rural India, we examined the association of parental childhood socioeconomic conditions and stature with offspring’s cardiovascular risk, hypothesising an inverse association between the two. Methods We analysed data on 3175 adult offspring (aged 18–35 years, 58% men) and their parents from the third wave of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents’ Study (2010–12). We used multilevel linear regression to estimate the association of parents’ Standard of Living Index (SLI, an asset-based measure of socioeconomic conditions) in childhood, height and leg length with subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in their offspring. Results In multivariable models adjusted for offspring’s socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood, associations (beta coefficients and 95% CIs) of mother’s and father’s childhood SLI (per SD) were −0.00 mm (−0.01, 0.01) and 0.01 mm (−0.00, 0.02) for carotid intima media thickness, −0.17 mm Hg (−0.61, 0.27) and −0.30 mm Hg (−0.78, 0.20) for systolic blood pressure, −0.43 mg/dL (−2.00, 1.15) and −1.07 mg/dL (−2.79, 0.65) for total cholesterol and −0.00mU/L (−0.04, 0.03) and 0.01mU/L (−0.03, 0.04) for log fasting insulin. Results were of similar magnitude for parental height and leg length. Conclusions Our findings do not support an inverse association between parental childhood socioeconomic conditions or stature and offspring’s risk of cardiovascular disease. Intergenerational socioeconomic influences on cardiovascular risk may be of limited public health significance for this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharati Kulkarni
- Clinical Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santhi Bhogadi
- Indian Institute of Public Health Hyderabad, Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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11
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Wang Y, Mao Y, Zhao Y, Yi X, Ding G, Yu C, Sheng J, Liu X, Meng Y, Huang H. Early-life undernutrition induces enhancer RNA remodeling in mice liver. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:18. [PMID: 33789751 PMCID: PMC8011416 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal protein restriction diet (PRD) increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction in adulthood, the mechanisms during the early life of offspring are still poorly understood. Apart from genetic factors, epigenetic mechanisms are crucial to offer phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental situations and transmission. Enhancer-associated noncoding RNAs (eRNAs) transcription serves as a robust indicator of enhancer activation, and have potential roles in mediating enhancer functions and gene transcription. Results Using global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) of nascent RNA including eRNA and total RNA sequencing data, we show that early-life undernutrition causes remodeling of enhancer activity in mouse liver. Differentially expressed nascent active genes were enriched in metabolic pathways. Besides, our work detected a large number of high confidence enhancers based on eRNA transcription at the ages of 4 weeks and 7 weeks, respectively. Importantly, except for ~ 1000 remodeling enhancers, the early-life undernutrition induced instability of enhancer activity which decreased in 4 weeks and increased in adulthood. eRNA transcription mainly contributes to the regulation of some important metabolic enzymes, suggesting a link between metabolic dysfunction and enhancer transcriptional control. We discovered a novel eRNA that is positively correlated to the expression of circadian gene Cry1 with increased binding of epigenetic cofactor p300. Conclusions Our study reveals novel insights into mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction. Enhancer activity in early life acts on metabolism-associated genes, leading to the increased susceptibility of metabolic disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00392-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Mao
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated To Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjin Yu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated To Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated To Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicong Meng
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated To Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated To Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Sahai V, Kumar V. Anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Brassica oleracea sprouts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Idriss AA, Hu Y, Sun Q, Hou Z, Yang S, Omer NA, Abobaker H, Zhao R. Fetal betaine exposure modulates hypothalamic expression of cholesterol metabolic genes in offspring cockerels with modification of promoter DNA methylation. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2533-2542. [PMID: 32359589 PMCID: PMC7597399 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In documents, maternal betaine modulates hypothalamic cholesterol metabolism in chicken posthatchings, but it remains unclear whether this effect can be passed on by generations. In present study, eggs were injected with saline or betaine at 2.5 mg/egg, and the hatchlings (F1) were raised under the same condition until sexual maturation. Both the control group and the betaine group used artificial insemination to collect sperm from their cockerels. Fertilized eggs were incubated, and the hatchlings of the following generation (F2) were raised up to 64 D of age. F2 cockerels in betaine group showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower body weight, which was associated with significantly decreased (P < 0.05) hypothalamic content of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester. Concordantly, hypothalamic expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes, SREBP2 and HMGCR, were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05), together with cholesterol conversion-related and excretion-related genes, CYP46A1 and ABCA1. These changes coincided with a significant downregulation in mRNA expression of regulatory neuropeptides including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuropeptide Y, and corticotropin-releasing hormone. Moreover, genes involved in methyl transfer cycle were also modified. Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (P < 0.05) was downregulated, yet DNA methyltransferase1 tended to be upregulated (P = 0.06). S-adenosyl methionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio was higher in the hypothalamus of betaine-treated F2 cockerels, which was associated with significantly modified CpG methylation on the promoter of those affected genes. These results suggested that betaine might regulate central cholesterol metabolism and hypothalamic expression of genes related to brain function by altering promoter DNA methylation in F2 cockerels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Idriss
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Qinwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Nagmeldin A Omer
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Halima Abobaker
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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14
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Yan S, Hou W, Wu H, Jiang W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Yang S, Sun C, Han T, Li Y. Prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine and the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood across consecutive generations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1229-1236. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Chmielewski PP. Human ageing as a dynamic, emergent and malleable process: from disease-oriented to health-oriented approaches. Biogerontology 2019; 21:125-130. [PMID: 31595371 PMCID: PMC6942601 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the decades, biogerontology has matured as a scientific discipline. Currently, a number of theoretical frameworks are available to researchers when interpreting empirical data. Despite the great progress that has been made, a comprehensive understanding of biological processes that shape ageing is lacking. Senescence is a dynamic, plastic and highly complex metaphenomenon whose aetiology remains unclear. The paucity of information notwithstanding, some researchers promote ‘anti-ageing’ drugs and formulae every now and again. The rationale behind this concept is that ageing can be reduced to a mixture of biochemical reactions. Furthermore, the distinction between ageing and disease has been questioned on the grounds that ageing is the root of age-related diseases. It has been claimed that disease-oriented approaches can help delay ageing and prevent age-related diseases. Although these methods seem incongruous from an evolutionary standpoint, they become popular amongst the public. Moreover, if ageing is classified as a disease, this situation is likely to be exacerbated. Therefore, it is important to recognise the limitations of these reductionist and disease-oriented approaches. Only holistic and evidence-based strategies might be useful in slowing down ageing and preventing age-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Paweł Chmielewski
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 6a Chałubińskiego Street, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland.
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Developmental Origins of Disease hypothesis has spurred increased interest in how prenatal exposures affect lifelong health, while mechanisms such as epigenetics may explain the multigenerational influences on health. Such factors are not well captured within conventional epidemiologic study designs. We explored the feasibility of collecting information on the offspring and grand-offspring of participants in a long-running study. DESIGN The Bogalusa Heart Study is a study, begun in 1973, of life-course cardiovascular health in a semirural population (65% white and 35% black). MAIN MEASURES Female participants who had previously provided information on their pregnancies were contacted to obtain contact information for their daughters aged 12 and older. Daughters were then contacted to obtain reproductive histories, and invited for a clinic or lab visit to measure cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-four daughters of 208 mothers were recruited; 81% (223) had a full clinic visit and 19% (51) a phone interview only. Forty-five percent of the daughters were black, and 55% white. Mean and median age at interview was 27, with 15% under the age of 18. The strongest predictors of participation were black race, recent maternal participation in the parent study, and living in or near Bogalusa. Simple correlations for cardiovascular risk factors across generations were between r = 0.19 (systolic blood pressure) and r = 0.39 (BMI, LDL). CONCLUSION It is feasible to contact the children of study participants even when participants are adults, and initial information on the grandchildren can also be determined in this manner.
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17
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Van Cann J, Koskela E, Mappes T, Sims A, Watts PC. Intergenerational fitness effects of the early life environment in a wild rodent. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1355-1365. [PMID: 31162628 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The early life environment can have profound, long-lasting effects on an individual's fitness. For example, early life quality might (a) positively associate with fitness (a silver spoon effect), (b) stimulate a predictive adaptive response (by adjusting the phenotype to the quality of the environment to maximize fitness) or (c) be obscured by subsequent plasticity. Potentially, the effects of the early life environment can persist beyond one generation, though the intergenerational plasticity on fitness traits of a subsequent generation is unclear. To study both intra- and intergenerational effects of the early life environment, we exposed a first generation of bank voles to two early life stimuli (variation in food and social environment) in a controlled environment. To assess possible intra-generational effects, the reproductive success of female individuals was investigated by placing them in large outdoor enclosures in two different, ecologically relevant environments (population densities). Resulting offspring were raised in the same population densities where they were conceived and their growth was recorded. When adult, half of the offspring were transferred to opposite population densities to evaluate their winter survival, a crucial fitness trait for bank voles. Our setup allowed us to assess: (a) do early life population density cues elicit an intra-generational adaptive response, that is a higher reproductive success when the density matches the early life cues and (b) can early life stimuli of one generation elicit an intergenerational adaptive response in their offspring, that is a higher growth and winter survival when the density matches the early life cues of their mother. Our results show that the early life environment directly affects the phenotype and reproductive success of the focal generation, but adaptive responses are only evident in the offspring. Growth of the offspring is maintained only when the environment matches their mother's early life environment. Furthermore, winter survival of offspring also tended to be higher in high population densities if their mothers experienced an competitive early life. These results show that the early life environment can contribute to maintain high fitness in challenging environments, but not necessarily in the generation experiencing the early life cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannes Van Cann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Esa Koskela
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Angela Sims
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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18
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de Almeida LF, Coimbra TM. When Less or More Isn't Enough: Renal Maldevelopment Arising From Disequilibrium in the Renin-Angiotensin System. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:296. [PMID: 31380328 PMCID: PMC6650528 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and nutritional factors during fetal and neonatal life can have long-lasting effects on renal functions and physiology and susceptibility to kidney disease in adulthood. All components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are highly expressed in the kidneys during the period of renal development. The RAS plays a central role in the regulation of various cellular growth factors and stimulates adhesion molecules and cellular migration. The use of antagonists of this system during fetal development represents a major risk factor for hypertension, renal vascular dysfunction, and kidney medulla atrophy in adulthood. The inappropriate activation of the RAS by vitamin D (VitD) deficiency has been studied in recent years. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between circulating VitD levels and blood pressure, plasma and renin activity, and an increase in angiotensin II and the receptor AT1. These data raise new questions about the importance of the integrity of the RAS during development since RAS pathway inhibitors and VitD deficiency have opposing functions. This is a literature review on the possible mechanisms by which antagonists of the RAS and VitD deficiency during fetal development provoke disturbances in kidney structure and function. Potential mechanisms are presented and discussed, and the possible pathways by which an imbalanced maternal RAS may negatively impact fetal development and have consequences in adulthood are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ferreira de Almeida
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Terezila Machado Coimbra
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Harville EW, Apolzan JW, Bazzano LA. Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Offspring and Grandoffspring Health: Bogalusa Daughters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:E15. [PMID: 30577626 PMCID: PMC6338978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain have been associated with cardiovascular health in the offspring beyond two generations. A total of 274 daughters (aged 12⁻54) of 208 mothers who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study were interviewed about their reproductive history. Mothers' data was taken from the original study, and cardiovascular measures at the visit prior to pregnancy were correlated with daughter's measures. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, skinfold, and waist circumference were examined as a predictor of daughters' blood pressure, lipids, and glucose, as well as a predictor of birthweight and gestational age of grandchildren. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher blood pressure and lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol in the daughters. Most maternal cardiometabolic risk factors were not associated with grandchildren's birth outcomes, even though higher cholesterol and LDL was associated with lower gestational age, and higher BMI and skinfold thickness with an increased risk of preterm birth. In this pilot study, some associations were found between maternal adiposity and cardiovascular risk, daughters' cardiovascular risk, and grandchild birth outcomes. Lack of conclusive associations could be due to a true lack of effect, effects being primarily mediated through daughter's BMI, or the low power of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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20
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Effect of diet in females (F1) from prenatally undernourished mothers on metabolism and liver function in the F2 progeny is sex-specific. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2411-2423. [PMID: 30167852 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor maternal nutrition sensitises to the development of metabolic diseases and obesity in adulthood over several generations. The prevalence increases when offspring is fed with a high-fat (HF) diet after weaning. This study aims to determine whether such metabolic profiles can be transmitted to the second generation and even aggravated when the mothers were exposed to overnutrition, with attention to potential sex differences. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to ad libitum (control) or 70% food-restricted diet (FR) during gestation (F0). At weaning, F1 females were allocated to three food protocols: (1) standard diet prior to and throughout gestation and lactation, (2) HF diet prior to and standard diet throughout gestation and lactation, and (3) HF diet prior to and throughout gestation and lactation. F2 offspring was studied between 16 and 32 weeks of age. RESULTS FR-F2 offspring on standard diet showed normal adiposity and had no significant metabolic alterations in adulthood. Maternal HF diet resulted in sex-specific effects with metabolic disturbances more apparent in control offspring exposed to HF diet during gestation and lactation. Control offspring displayed glucose intolerance associated with insulin resistance in females. Female livers overexpressed lipogenesis genes and those of males the genes involved in lipid oxidation. Gene expression was significantly attenuated in the FR livers. Increased physical activity associated with elevated corticosterone levels was observed in FR females on standard diet and in all females from overnourished mothers. CONCLUSIONS Maternal undernutrition during gestation (F0) improves the metabolic health of second-generation offspring with more beneficial effects in females.
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21
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Briffa JF, Wlodek ME, Moritz KM. Transgenerational programming of nephron deficits and hypertension. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 103:94-103. [PMID: 29859996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a sub-optimal environment in the womb can result in poor fetal growth and impair the normal development of organs. The kidney, specifically the process of nephrogenesis, has been shown to be impacted by many common pregnancy exposures including an inadequate diet, poor placental function, maternal stress as well as maternal smoking and alcohol consumption. This can result in offspring being born with a reduced nephron endowment, which places these individuals at increased risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Of recent interest is whether this disease risk can be passed on to subsequent generations and, if so, what are the mechanisms and pathways involved. In this review, we highlight the growing body of evidence that a low birth weight and hypertension, which are both major risk factors for cardiovascular and CKD, can be transmitted across generations. However, as yet there is little data as to whether a low nephron endowment contributes to this disease transmission. The emerging data suggests transmission can occur both through both the maternal and paternal lines, which likely involves epigenetic mechanisms such chromatin remodelling (DNA methylation and histone modification) and non-coding RNA modifications. In addition, females who were born small and/or have a low nephron endowment are at an increased risk for pregnancy complications, which can influence the growth and development of the next generation. Future animal studies in this area should include examining nephron endowment across multiple generations and determining adult renal function. Clinically, long term follow-up studies of large birth cohorts need to be undertaken to more clearly determine the impact a sub-optimal environment in one generation has on the health outcomes in the second, and subsequent, generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Briffa
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- Child Health Research Centre and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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22
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Kou H, Shen L, Luo HW, Chen LB, Wu DF, Wang H. An intergenerational effect of neuroendocrine metabolic programming alteration induced by prenatal ethanol exposure in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Huang YH, Ye TT, Liu CX, Wang L, Chen YW, Dong Y. Maternal high-fat diet impairs glucose metabolism, β-cell function and proliferation in the second generation of offspring rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:67. [PMID: 29118817 PMCID: PMC5667458 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the impact of perinatal high-fat (HF) diet in female Sprague-Dawley rats (F0) on glucose metabolism and islet function in their early life of second-generation of offspring (F2). Methods F0 rats were fed with a standard chow (SC) or HF diet for 8 weeks before mating, up to termination of lactation for their first-generation of offspring (F1-SC and F1-HF). F1 females were mated with normal males at the age of week 11, and producing F2 offspring (F2-SC, F2-HF). All the offspring were fed SC diet after weaning for 3 weeks. The glucose level and islet function of F2 offspring were assessed at the age of week 3 and 12. Results The F2-HF offspring had a high birth weight and maintained a higher body mass at the age of week 3 and 12, along with an impaired glucose tolerance and lower serum insulin levels compared with the F2-SC. β-cell proliferation was also impaired in the islets of F2-HF rats at the age of week 3 and 12. The pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 (Pdx1) and Neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) expressions were decreased in the islet of F2-HF rats at the age of week 12. Conclusions Maternal HF diet during pre-gestation, gestation, and lactation in rats could result in the increased body weight and glucose intolerance in their early life of F2 offspring due to impaired β-cell function and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Ting-Ting Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Chong-Xiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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Lesuisse J, Li C, Schallier S, Leblois J, Everaert N, Buyse J. Feeding broiler breeders a reduced balanced protein diet during the rearing and laying period impairs reproductive performance but enhances broiler offspring performance. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3949-3959. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gao H, Ho E, Balakrishnan M, Yechoor V, Yallampalli C. Decreased insulin secretion in pregnant rats fed a low protein diet. Biol Reprod 2017; 97:627-635. [PMID: 29025046 PMCID: PMC9630396 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low protein (LP) diet during pregnancy leads to reduced plasma insulin levels in rodents, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Glucose is the primary insulin secretagogue, and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in beta cells contributes to compensation for insulin resistance and maintenance of glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. In this study, we hypothesized that plasma insulin levels in pregnant rats fed LP diet are reduced due to disrupted GSIS of pancreatic islets. We first confirmed reduced plasma insulin levels, then investigated in vivo insulin secretion by glucose tolerance test and ex vivo GSIS of pancreatic islets in the presence of glucose at different doses, and KCl, glibenclamide, and L-arginine. Main findings include (1) plasma insulin levels were unaltered on day 10, but significantly reduced on days 14-22 of pregnancy in rats fed LP diet compared to those of control (CT) rats; (2) insulin sensitivity was unchanged, but glucose intolerance was more severe in pregnant rats fed LP diet; (3) GSIS in pancreatic islets was lower in LP rats compared to CT rats in the presence of glucose, KCl, and glibenclamide, and the response to L-arginine was abolished in LP rats; and (4) the total insulin content in pancreatic islets and expression of Ins2 were reduced in LP rats, but expression of Gcg was unaltered. These studies demonstrate that decreased GSIS in beta cells of LP rats contributes to reduced plasma insulin levels, which may lead to placental and fetal growth restriction and programs hypertension and other metabolic diseases in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meena Balakrishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chandra Yallampalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Reyes-Castro LA, Padilla-Gómez E, Parga-Martínez NJ, Castro-Rodríguez DC, Quirarte GL, Díaz-Cintra S, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Hippocampal mechanisms in impaired spatial learning and memory in male offspring of rats fed a low-protein isocaloric diet in pregnancy and/or lactation. Hippocampus 2017; 28:18-30. [PMID: 28843045 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal nutritional challenges during fetal and neonatal development result in developmental programming of multiple offspring organ systems including brain maturation and function. A maternal low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation impairs associative learning and motivation. We evaluated effects of a maternal low-protein diet during gestation and/or lactation on male offspring spatial learning and hippocampal neural structure. Control mothers (C) ate 20% casein and restricted mothers (R) 10% casein, providing four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy, second lactation diet). We evaluated the behavior of young adult male offspring around postnatal day 110. Corticosterone and ACTH were measured. Males were tested for 2 days in the Morris water maze (MWM). Stratum lucidum mossy fiber (MF) area, total and spine type in basal dendrites of stratum oriens in the hippocampal CA3 field were measured. Corticosterone and ACTH were higher in RR vs. CC. In the MWM acquisition test CC offspring required two, RC three, and CR seven sessions to learn the maze. RR did not learn in eight trials. In a retention test 24 h later, RR, CR, and RC spent more time locating the platform and performed fewer target zone entries than CC. RR and RC offspring spent less time in the target zone than CC. MF area, total, and thin spines were lower in RR, CR, and RC than CC. Mushroom spines were lower in RR and RC than CC. Stubby spines were higher in RR, CR, and RC than CC. We conclude that maternal low-protein diet impairs spatial acquisition and memory retention in male offspring, and that alterations in hippocampal presynaptic (MF), postsynaptic (spines) elements and higher glucocorticoid levels are potential mechanisms to explain these learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, México 14080, México
| | - E Padilla-Gómez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - N J Parga-Martínez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - D C Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, México 14080, México
| | - G L Quirarte
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - S Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - P W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3684
| | - E Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, México 14080, México
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Vaiserman AM, Koliada AK, Jirtle RL. Non-genomic transmission of longevity between generations: potential mechanisms and evidence across species. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:38. [PMID: 28750655 PMCID: PMC5531095 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating animal and human data indicate that environmental exposures experienced during sensitive developmental periods may strongly influence risk of adult disease. Moreover, the effects triggered by developmental environmental cues can be transgenerationally transmitted, potentially affecting offspring health outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests a central role of epigenetic mechanisms (heritable alterations in gene expression occurring without changes in underlying DNA sequence) in mediating these effects. This review summarizes the findings from animal models, including worms, insects, and rodents, and also from human studies, indicating that lifespan and longevity-associated characteristics can be transmitted across generations via non-genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Vaiserman
- D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kiev, 04114, Ukraine.
| | - Alexander K Koliada
- D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kiev, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Randy L Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Zhao N, Yang S, Hu Y, Dong H, Zhao R. Maternal betaine supplementation in rats induces intergenerational changes in hepatic IGF-1 expression and DNA methylation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28239993 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Betaine is widely used in animal nutrition to promote growth. Here, we aimed to investigate whether maternal betaine supplementation during pregnancy can exert multigenerational effects on growth across two generations and the possible epigenetic modifications associated to such effects. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diet supplemented with 1% betaine throughout the pregnancy and lactation. Betaine-supplemented dams produced bigger litter but smaller F1 pups at birth and weaning. However, F2 pubs had higher weaning weight. In accordance with the growth performance, serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were significantly lower in F1 yet higher in F2 pups, so was hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression. Concurrently, dietary betaine supplementation to F0 dams increased hepatic expression of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase, at both mRNA and protein levels, in F1, but not F2 pups. Moreover, hepatic IGF-1 gene promoter 1 was detected to be significantly hypermethylated in F1 pups, whereas both promoters 1 and 2, together with almost all exons, were found to be hypomethylated in F2 offspring. CONCLUSION Maternal betaine supplementation during pregnancy and lactation exerts distinct effects on growth of F1 and F2 rat offspring, probably through differential modification of IGF-1 gene methylation and expression in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Harville EW, Jacobs MB, Qi L, Chen W, Bazzano LA. Multigenerational Cardiometabolic Risk as a Predictor of Birth Outcomes: The Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr 2017; 181:154-162.e1. [PMID: 27832834 PMCID: PMC5274554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between generation 1 (grandmaternal) cardiometabolic risk factors and generation 3 (grandchild's) birthweight and gestational age. STUDY DESIGN Mother-daughter pairs in the Bogalusa Heart Study (1973-present) were linked to their children's birth certificates; women were also interviewed about their reproductive histories, creating a 3-generation linkage including 177 generation 1 (grandmothers), 210 generation 2 (mothers), and 424 generation 3 (children). Prepregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index [BMI], lipids, glucose) or generation 1 (mean age 16.2 years) and 2 (mean age 11.1 years) were examined as predictors of generation 3 birthweight and gestational age using linear and logistic regression with adjustment for age, race, parity, and other confounders. RESULTS Generation 2 higher BMI was associated with higher birthweight (28 g per 1 unit, 95% CI 12-44) and gestational age (0.08 weeks, 95% CI 0.02-0.14) in generation 3, and generation 1 higher BMI was associated with higher birthweight (52 g, 95% CI 34-70) in the generation 2. Generation 1's higher glucose levels were associated with higher birthweight in generation 3 (adjusted beta 111 g, 95% CI 33-189), and triglycerides (adjusted beta -21, 95% CI -43-0) and low-density lipoprotein (adjusted beta -24, 95% CI -48-0) were associated with lower birthweight. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the possibility of multigenerational developmental programming of birth outcomes, although mechanisms (whether biological or environmental) are undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tidewater 2012, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA,corresponding author: , Tel. 504-988-7327, Fax. 504-988-1568, Mailing address: Epidemiology #8318, 1440 CANAL ST STE 2000, NEW ORLEANS LA 70112
| | - Marni B. Jacobs
- Children’s National Health System, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Washington, DC
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tidewater 2012, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA
| | - W Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tidewater 2012, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA
| | - Lydia A. Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tidewater 2012, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA
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30
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Jiang Q, Li G, Zhang T, Zhang H, Gao X, Xing X, Yang F. Application of formulated diets and their effects on nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance of female mink (Neovison vison) during gestation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1271335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingkui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Li J, Liu S, Li S, Feng R, Na L, Chu X, Wu X, Niu Y, Sun Z, Han T, Deng H, Meng X, Xu H, Zhang Z, Qu Q, Zhang Q, Li Y, Sun C. Prenatal exposure to famine and the development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in adulthood across consecutive generations: a population-based cohort study of families in Suihua, China. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:221-227. [PMID: 27927634 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increased recognition that prenatal or perinatal nutrition has an effect on the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood, although studies that have directly examined whether the effect could be transmitted to the next generation remain sparse. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine in affecting future T2D risk in adulthood in 2 consecutive generations. DESIGN A total of 1034 families, including 2068 parents [parental generation (F1)] and 1183 offspring [offspring generation (F2)], were recruited from the Suihua rural area that was affected by the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961. Participants born between 1 October 1959 and 30 September 1961 were defined as famine exposed, and those born between 1 October 1962 and 30 September 1964 were defined as nonexposed. The F2 were classified as having 1) no parent exposed to famine, 2) only a mother exposed to famine, 3) only a father exposed to famine, or 4) both parents exposed to famine. Classical risk factors for T2D as well as fasting-glucose- and oral-glucose-tolerance tests were measured in both the F1 and F2. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to famine was associated with elevated risks of hyperglycemia (multivariable-adjusted OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.48) and T2D (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.54) in adulthood in F1. Furthermore, compared with the offspring of nonexposed parents, the F2 with exposed parents- especially both exposed parents-had increased hyperglycemia risk (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.66) in adulthood. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to famine remarkably increases hyperglycemia risk in 2 consecutive generations of Chinese adults independent of known T2D risk factors, which supports the notion that prenatal nutrition plays an important role in the development of T2D across consecutive generations of Chinese adults. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-ECH-13003644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and.,Departments of Epidemiology and.,Medicine, Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology and.,Medicine, Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Songtao Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Rennan Feng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Lixin Na
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xia Chu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Yucun Niu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Zongxiang Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Haoyuan Deng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xing Meng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Huan Xu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Qiannuo Qu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Qiao Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
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Pillay N, Rimbach R, Rymer T. Pre- and postnatal dietary protein deficiency influences anxiety, memory and social behaviour in the African striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae. Physiol Behav 2016; 161:38-46. [PMID: 27080079 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary protein deficiency influences the behavioural phenotypes of mammals. We studied whether protein deficiency during gestation and/or post-weaning heightened anxiety, reduced memory recall and influenced competitive ability in the African striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae. Mice were subjected to five protein diet treatments, which they received continuously, or were raised on one diet to weaning and switched to an alternate diet post-weaning (Day 16): 1) HP-HP: high protein (24%); first letter pair indicates maternal diet and the second pair indicates offspring diet post-weaning; 2) BP-BP: baseline protein (19%); 3) LP-LP: low protein (10%); 4) HP-LP: switched from high to low protein diet; and 5) LP-HP: switched from low protein to high protein diet. From Day 70, when mice were sexually mature, 20 individuals (10 males, 10 females) per treatment were subjected to three successive experiments, in which we tested their anxiety responses in: 1) an open field arena (time spent in the centre of the open field); 2) novel object recognition (time spent exploring a novel object); and 3) social interactions (excluding BP-BP) in age-matched same-sex dyadic encounters (aggressive, amicable and avoidance behaviours). LP-LP and LP-HP treatment mice spent the least amount of time in the centre of the open field, did not demonstrate object preference compared to the other treatments, and were the most aggressive in dyadic encounters. Our study shows that the systemic effects of protein-deficient diets during early life shapes the behavioural phenotype in R. d. chakae, possibly through early organisation of neuro-biological pathways or competition among littermates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Pillay
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Rebecca Rimbach
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Tasmin Rymer
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
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Remely M, de la Garza AL, Magnet U, Aumueller E, Haslberger AG. Obesity: epigenetic regulation – recent observations. Biomol Concepts 2016; 6:163-75. [PMID: 26061622 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors, especially nutrition and lifestyle, have been discussed in the literature for their relevance to epidemic obesity. Gene-environment interactions may need to be understood for an improved understanding of the causes of obesity, and epigenetic mechanisms are of special importance. Consequences of epigenetic mechanisms seem to be particularly important during certain periods of life: prenatal, postnatal and intergenerational, transgenerational inheritance are discussed with relevance to obesity. This review focuses on nutrients, diet and habits influencing intergenerational, transgenerational, prenatal and postnatal epigenetics; on evidence of epigenetic modifiers in adulthood; and on animal models for the study of obesity.
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34
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Hanafi MY, Saleh MM, Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Kamel MA. Transgenerational effects of obesity and malnourishment on diabetes risk in F2 generation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:269-80. [PMID: 26708218 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational inheritance of various diseases and phenotypes has been demonstrated in diverse species and involves various epigenetic markers. Obesity and malnourishment are nutritional stresses that have effects on offspring through increasing their risk of diabetes and/or obesity. Obesity and malnourishment both affect glucose metabolism and alter oxidative stress parameters in key organs. We induced obesity and malnutrition in F0 female rats by the use of obesogenic diet and protein-deficient diet, respectively. F0 obese and malnourished females were mated with control males and their offspring (F1 generation) were maintained on control diets. The male and female F1 offspring were mated with controls and the resultant offspring (F2 generation) were maintained on control diet. Glucose-sensing markers, glucose metabolism, indicators of insulin resistance and oxidative stress parameters were assessed during fetal development and till the adulthood of the offspring. Glucose-sensing genes were significantly over-expressed in distinct fetal tissues of F2 offspring of malnourished F1 females (F2-MF1F), specifically in fetal pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue. Nuclear and mitochondrial 8-oxo-dG DNA content was significantly elevated in F2-MF1F fetal pancreas. Maternal FBG was significantly elevated in F2-MF1F and F2 offspring of obese F1 females (F2-OF1F) during pregnancy. Males and females offspring of F2-OF1 exhibited significantly elevated FBG and impaired OGTT. Offspring of F2-MF1F showed similar results, while that of F2-MF1M did not significantly deviate from controls. F2-OF1F and F2-MF1F offspring exhibited significant deviation in insulin levels and HOMA-IR levels from controls. Malnourishment has a stronger transgenerational effect through maternal line compared to obesity and malnourishment through paternal line in increasing risk of diabetes in F2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Y Hanafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt.
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ji Y, Wu Z, Dai Z, Sun K, Wang J, Wu G. Nutritional epigenetics with a focus on amino acids: implications for the development and treatment of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 27:1-8. [PMID: 26427799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings from human and animal studies indicate that maternal undernutrition or overnutrition affects covalent modifications of the fetal genome and its associated histones that can be carried forward to subsequent generations. An adverse outcome of maternal malnutrition is the development of metabolic syndrome, which is defined as a cluster of disorders including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance. The transgenerational impacts of maternal nutrition are known as fetal programming, which is mediated by stable and heritable alterations of gene expression through covalent modifications of DNA and histones without changes in DNA sequences (namely, epigenetics). The underlying mechanisms include chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation (occurring at the 5'-position of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides), histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation) and expression and activity of small noncoding RNAs. The enzymes catalyzing these reactions include S-adenosylmethionine-dependent DNA and protein methyltransferases, DNA demethylases, histone acetylase (lysine acetyltransferase), general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5)-related N-acetyltransferase (a superfamily of acetyltransferase) and histone deacetylase. Amino acids (e.g., glycine, histidine, methionine and serine) and vitamins (B6, B12 and folate) play key roles in provision of methyl donors for DNA and protein methylation. Therefore, these nutrients and related metabolic pathways are of interest in dietary treatment of metabolic syndrome. Intervention strategies include targeting epigenetically disturbed metabolic pathways through dietary supplementation with nutrients (particularly functional amino acids and vitamins) to regulate one-carbon-unit metabolism, antioxidative reactions and gene expression, as well as protein methylation and acetylation. These mechanism-based approaches may effectively improve health and well-being of affected offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaiji Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Animal Science and Center for Animal Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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36
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Jiang Q, Li G, Zhang T, Zhang H, Gao X, Xing X, Zhao J, Yang F. Effects of dietary protein level on nutrients digestibility and reproductive performance of female mink ( Neovison vison) during gestation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:65-69. [PMID: 29766985 PMCID: PMC5884473 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance of pregnant mink (Neovison vison) were affected by different dietary protein levels. One hundred and twenty female mink were randomly assigned to four groups, receiving diets of fresh material with different protein levels. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter (DM), were 32, 36, 40 and 44% respectively. These values corresponded to average 320, 360, 400 and 440 g protein/kg DM, respectively. Results were as follows. All of crude protein digestibility, nitrogen (N) intake, N retention increased along with dietary protein level increasing. Low protein level (32%) significantly reduced the above indicators (P < 0.05). DM digestibility and ether extract digestibility were not affected by dietary protein level. Results of mated females, barren females, kids per litter, live born kids per mated female, birth survival rate, and birth weight showed that mink achieved optimal reproductive performance when dietary protein level was 36%. In conclusion, dietary protein was anticipated to significantly influence some nutrients' utilization. Adopting the appropriate dietary protein level allow better reproduction performance. The most preferable reproductive performance was achieved when diet contained 275.5 g digestible protein per kg DM for female mink in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Jiaping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Fuhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
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Araminaite V, Zalgeviciene V, Simkunaite-Rizgeliene R, Stukas R, Kaminskas A, Tutkuviene J. Maternal caloric restriction prior to pregnancy increases the body weight of the second-generation male offspring and shortens their longevity in rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 234:41-50. [PMID: 25175031 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.234.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition can affect offspring's physical status and various health parameters that might be transmittable across several generations. Many studies have focused on undernutrition throughout pregnancy, whereas maternal undernutrition prior to pregnancy is not sufficiently studied. The objective of our study was to explore the effects of food restriction prior to and during pregnancy on body weight and longevity of the second generation offspring. Adult female Wistar rats ("F0" generation) were 50% food restricted for one month prior to pregnancy (pre-pregnancy) or during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy. The third group was fed normally (control). The first generation offspring were normally fed until the 6(th) month of age to produce the second generation offspring; namely, the first-generation female rats were mated with male breeders from outside the experiment. The second generation offspring thus obtained were observed until natural death (up to 36 months). Compared to the controls, the second-generation male offspring whose "grandmothers (F0 females)" undernourished only during pre-pregnancy were significantly heavier from the 8(th) month of age, whereas no significant weight difference was found in the male offspring whose "grandmothers" were food-restricted during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy. Shorter lifespan was observed in the second-generation male offspring of "grandmothers" that were food-restricted either during pre-pregnancy or during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy. By contrast, no differences in body weight and lifespan were observed in all second-generation female offspring. In conclusion, maternal caloric restriction prior to pregnancy increases the body weight and shortens the longevity of the second-generation male offspring, indicating the sex-dependent transgenerational effect of maternal caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Araminaite
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
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Willems E, Koppenol A, De Ketelaere B, Wang Y, Franssens L, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Everaert N. Effects of nutritional programing on growth and metabolism caused by albumen removal in an avian model. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:89-100. [PMID: 25957190 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian models of prenatal undernutrition the maternal diet is manipulated, exerting both nutritional and hormonal effects on the offspring. In contrast, in the chicken, strictly nutritional effects can be applied. Prenatal protein undernutrition in chickens was induced by partial replacement of albumen with saline during early embryonic development (albumen-deprived group) and results were compared with a sham-manipulated and a non-manipulated group. Body weight of the albumen-deprived hens was reduced throughout the entire experimental period (0-55 weeks). The reproductive capacity was diminished in the albumen-deprived hens as reflected in the reduced number of eggs and lower egg weight. The plasma triiodothyronine levels were increased in the albumen-deprived group compared with the non-manipulated hens, but not the sham-manipulated hens. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 10 weeks of age revealed a decreased glucose tolerance in the albumen-deprived hens. During adulthood, an age-related loss of glucose tolerance was observed in the hens, leading to disappearance of treatment differences in the OGTT. The offspring of the albumen-deprived hens (PA chicks) had reduced body weight until at least 3 weeks of age. In addition, the PA chicks had a decreased relative residual yolk weight at hatching. An insulin tolerance test revealed increased sensitivity to insulin for the PA chicks compared with the offspring of the non-manipulated (PN) and sham-manipulated hens (PS). In conclusion, prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal caused long-term effects on body weight, reproductive performance, and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Willems
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Astrid Koppenol
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bart De Ketelaere
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lies Franssens
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eddy Decuypere
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Gali Ramamoorthy T, Begum G, Harno E, White A. Developmental programming of hypothalamic neuronal circuits: impact on energy balance control. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:126. [PMID: 25954145 PMCID: PMC4404811 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in adults and children has increased globally at an alarming rate. Mounting evidence from both epidemiological studies and animal models indicates that adult obesity and associated metabolic disorders can be programmed by intrauterine and early postnatal environment- a phenomenon known as "fetal programming of adult disease." Data from nutritional intervention studies in animals including maternal under- and over-nutrition support the developmental origins of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The hypothalamic neuronal circuits located in the arcuate nucleus controlling appetite and energy expenditure are set early in life and are perturbed by maternal nutritional insults. In this review, we focus on the effects of maternal nutrition in programming permanent changes in these hypothalamic circuits, with experimental evidence from animal models of maternal under- and over-nutrition. We discuss the epigenetic modifications which regulate hypothalamic gene expression as potential molecular mechanisms linking maternal diet during pregnancy to the offspring's risk of obesity at a later age. Understanding these mechanisms in key metabolic genes may provide insights into the development of preventative intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghazala Begum
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Erika Harno
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Anne White
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK ; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Low birth weight serves as a crude proxy for impaired growth during fetal life and indicates a failure for the fetus to achieve its full growth potential. Low birth weight can occur in response to numerous etiologies that include complications during pregnancy, poor prenatal care, parental smoking, maternal alcohol consumption, or stress. Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies demonstrate that birth weight is inversely associated with blood pressure and coronary heart disease. Sex and age impact the developmental programming of hypertension. In addition, impaired growth during fetal life also programs enhanced vulnerability to a secondary insult. Macrosomia, which occurs in response to maternal obesity, diabetes, and excessive weight gain during gestation, is also associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Yet, the exact mechanisms that permanently change the structure, physiology, and endocrine health of an individual across their lifespan following altered growth during fetal life are not entirely clear. Transmission of increased risk from one generation to the next in the absence of an additional prenatal insult indicates an important role for epigenetic processes. Experimental studies also indicate that the sympathetic nervous system, the renin angiotensin system, increased production of oxidative stress, and increased endothelin play an important role in the developmental programming of blood pressure in later life. Thus, this review will highlight how adverse influences during fetal life and early development program an increased risk for cardiovascular disease including high blood pressure and provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the fetal origins of cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Women's Health Research Center, Center for Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Maternal low-protein diet causes body weight loss in male, neonate Sprague-Dawley rats involving UCP-1-mediated thermogenesis. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:729-35. [PMID: 25858881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in regulating body weight (BW) by modifying thermogenesis. Maternal low protein (LP) diets reduce offspring birth weight. Increased BAT thermogenesis in utero may be one mechanism for the lower BW. However, whether maternal LP nutrition alters BAT thermogenesis and BW of offspring in utero is not yet known. We fed obese-prone Sprague-Dawley dams 8% LP or 20% normal protein (NP) diets for 3 weeks prior to breeding and through pregnancy. BW and gene expression of interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic markers were measured in male fetal (gestation day 18) and neonatal (day 0 or 1) offspring. BW of neonatal LP males was lower than NP males but no difference was observed in females. Gene and protein expression of UCP-1 and transcription factors PRDM16 and PPARα in iBAT were 2- to 6-fold greater in LP than in NP male neonatal offspring. FNDC5, a precursor of irisin and activator of thermogenesis, was expressed 2-fold greater in neonatal LP iBAT than NP males. However, fetal iBAT UCP-1, PRDM16, PPARα and irisin mRNA did not differ between LP and NP groups. Maternal LP diet had no effects on placental irisin and UCP-2 expression. These results suggest that prenatal protein restriction increases the risk for low BW through mechanisms affecting full-term offspring iBAT thermogenesis but not greatly altering fetal iBAT or placental thermogenesis.
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Nel K, Rimbach R, Pillay N. Dietary protein influences the life-history characteristics across generations in the African striped mouseRhabdomys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:97-108. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerith Nel
- School of Animal; Plant & Environmental Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Rebecca Rimbach
- School of Animal; Plant & Environmental Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Neville Pillay
- School of Animal; Plant & Environmental Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
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43
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Nilsson EE, Skinner MK. Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease susceptibility. Transl Res 2015; 165:12-7. [PMID: 24657180 PMCID: PMC4148471 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental insults, such as exposure to toxicants or nutritional abnormalities, can lead to epigenetic changes that are in turn related to increased susceptibility to disease. The focus of this review is on the transgenerational inheritance of such epigenetic abnormalities (epimutations), and how it is that these inherited epigenetic abnormalities can lead to increased disease susceptibility, even in the absence of continued environmental insult. Observations of environmental toxicant specificity and exposure-specific disease susceptibility are discussed. How epimutations are transmitted across generations and how epigenetic changes in the germline are translated into an increased disease susceptibility in the adult is reviewed with regard to disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash.
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44
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Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Chavira R, Ibáñez C, Lomas-Soria C, Rodriguez JS, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Paternal line multigenerational passage of altered risk assessment behavior in female but not male rat offspring of mothers fed a low protein diet. Physiol Behav 2014; 140:89-95. [PMID: 25496979 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal low protein (MLP) diets in pregnancy and lactation impair offspring brain development and modify offspring behavior. We hypothesized multigenerational passage of altered behavioral outcomes as has been demonstrated following other developmental programming challenges. We investigated potential multigenerational effects of MLP in rat pregnancy and/or lactation on offspring risk assessment behavior. Founder generation mothers (F0) ate 20% casein (C) or restricted (R) 10% casein diet, providing four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy, second letter lactation diet) to evaluate offspring (F1) effects influenced by MLP in F0. On postnatal day (PND 250), F1 males were mated to non-colony siblings producing F2. On PND 90, F2 females (in diestrous) and F2 males were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field. Corticosterone was measured at PND 110. Female but not male CR and RC F2 made more entries and spent more time in EPM open arms than CC females. Overall activity was unchanged as observed in male F1 fathers. There were no open field differences in F2 of either sex, indicating that multigenerational MLP effects are due to altered risk assessment, not locomotion. MLP in pregnancy reduced F1 male and F2 female corticosterone. We conclude that MLP in pregnancy and/or lactation increases the innate tendency to explore novel environments in F2 females via the paternal linage, suggesting lower levels of caution and/or higher impulsiveness to explore unknown spaces. Further studies will be necessary to identify the epigenetic modifications in the germ line through the paternal linage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Reyes-Castro
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G L Rodríguez-González
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Chavira
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Ibáñez
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Lomas-Soria
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - J S Rodriguez
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - P W Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - E Zambrano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Vaněčková I, Maletínská L, Behuliak M, Nagelová V, Zicha J, Kuneš J. Obesity-related hypertension: possible pathophysiological mechanisms. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:R63-78. [PMID: 25385879 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, but despite a century of clinical and basic research, the discrete etiology of this disease is still not fully understood. The same is true for obesity, which is recognized as a major global epidemic health problem nowadays. Obesity is associated with an increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors including hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Epidemiological studies have shown that excess weight gain predicts future development of hypertension, and the relationship between BMI and blood pressure (BP) appears to be almost linear in different populations. There is no doubt that obesity-related hypertension is a multifactorial and polygenic trait, and multiple potential pathogenetic mechanisms probably contribute to the development of higher BP in obese humans. These include hyperinsulinemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system stimulation, abnormal levels of certain adipokines such as leptin, or cytokines acting at the vascular endothelial level. Moreover, some genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are also in play. Although the full manifestation of both hypertension and obesity occurs predominantly in adulthood, their roots can be traced back to early ontogeny. The detailed knowledge of alterations occurring in the organism of experimental animals during particular critical periods (developmental windows) could help to solve this phenomenon in humans and might facilitate the age-specific prevention of human obesity-related hypertension. In addition, better understanding of particular pathophysiological mechanisms might be useful in so-called personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Nagelová
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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McCarrey JR. Distinctions between transgenerational and non-transgenerational epimutations. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 398:13-23. [PMID: 25079508 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have described numerous environmentally-induced disruptions of the epigenome (epimutations) in mammals. While some of these appear to be corrected by normal germline-specific epigenetic reprogramming and are therefore not transmitted transgenerationally, others are not corrected and are transmitted over multiple subsequent generations. The mechanism(s) that distinguish transgenerational and non-transgenerational epimutations have not been delineated. This review examines several potential molecular and developmental distinctions between transgenerational and non-transgenerational epimutations in the context of the likelihood that any of these may or may not contribute to transgenerational inheritance of epimutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R McCarrey
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA.
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Nascimento FAM, Ceciliano TC, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Transgenerational effects on the liver and pancreas resulting from maternal vitamin D restriction in mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014; 59:367-74. [PMID: 24418870 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.59.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal vitamin D restriction on carbohydrate metabolism and alterations in the pancreas and liver in the F1 and F2 generations. Therefore, we studied the first two generations of offspring (F1 and F2) of Swiss mice from mothers fed one of two diets: SC (standard chow) or VitD⁻ (vitamin D-deficient). Biometric, biochemical and molecular analyses were performed. The VitD-F1 mice had greater body mass (BM) than the SC-F1 mice. The BM changes were accompanied by increased insulin secretion. The VitD-F1 mice had a higher area under the curve in the oral glucose tolerance test and exhibited larger islet diameters than the SC-F1 mice. In addition, the VitD-F1 mice showed marked diffuse hepatic steatosis and higher expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein than the SC animals in either generation or the ViD-F2 mice. Diet accounted for a greater fraction of the total variation for BM, fat pad mass and insulin secretion than generation. Both diet and generation contributed to the variation in steatosis in the liver, islet diameter and expression of FAS. However, interactions between diet and generation were observed only for insulin secretion, steatosis in the liver and FAS expression. In conclusion, these results provide compelling evidence that maternal vitamin D restriction affects the development of the offspring and leads to metabolic alterations accompanied by structural alterations in the liver and pancreas, especially in the F1 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro
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Vickers MH. Developmental programming and transgenerational transmission of obesity. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 64 Suppl 1:26-34. [PMID: 25059803 DOI: 10.1159/000360506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The global obesity pandemic is often causally linked to marked changes in diet and lifestyle, namely marked increases in dietary intakes of high-energy diets and concomitant reductions in physical activity levels. However, far less attention has been paid to the role of developmental plasticity and alterations in phenotypic outcomes resulting from environmental perturbations during the early-life period. Human and animal studies have highlighted the link between alterations in the early-life environment and increased susceptibility to obesity and related metabolic disorders in later life. In particular, altered maternal nutrition, including both undernutrition and maternal obesity, has been shown to lead to transgenerational transmission of metabolic disorders. This association has been conceptualised as the developmental programming hypothesis whereby the impact of environmental influences during critical periods of developmental plasticity can elicit lifelong effects on the physiology of the offspring. Further, evidence to date suggests that this developmental programming is a transgenerational phenomenon, with a number of studies showing transmission of programming effects to subsequent generations, even in the absence of continued environmental stressors, thus perpetuating a cycle of obesity and metabolic disorders. The mechanisms responsible for these transgenerational effects remain poorly understood; evidence to date suggests a number of potential mechanisms underpinning the transgenerational transmission of the developmentally programmed phenotype through both the maternal and paternal lineage. Transgenerational phenotype transmission is often seen as a form of epigenetic inheritance with evidence showing both germline and somatic inheritance of epigenetic modifications leading to phenotype changes across generations. However, there is also evidence for non-genomic components as well as an interaction between the developing fetus with the in utero environment in the perpetuation of programmed phenotypes. A better understanding of how developmental programming effects are transmitted is essential for the implementation of initiatives aimed at curbing the current obesity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Vickers
- Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sliwowska JH, Fergani C, Gawałek M, Skowronska B, Fichna P, Lehman MN. Insulin: its role in the central control of reproduction. Physiol Behav 2014; 133:197-206. [PMID: 24874777 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin has long been recognized as a key regulator of energy homeostasis via its actions at the level of the brain, but in addition, plays a role in regulating neural control of reproduction. In this review, we consider and compare evidence from animal models demonstrating a role for insulin for physiological control of reproduction by effects on GnRH/LH secretion. We also review the role that insulin plays in prenatal programming of adult reproduction, and consider specific candidate neurons in the adult hypothalamus by which insulin may act to regulate reproductive function. Finally, we review clinical evidence of the role that insulin may play in adult human fertility and reproductive disorders. Overall, while insulin appears to have a significant impact on reproductive neuroendocrine function, there are many unanswered questions regarding its precise sites and mechanisms of action, and their impact on developing and adult reproductive neuroendocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna H Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Chrysanthi Fergani
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39232, USA.
| | - Monika Gawałek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Bogda Skowronska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michael N Lehman
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39232, USA.
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Mitanchez D, Burguet A, Simeoni U. Infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: mild neonatal effects, a long-term threat to global health. J Pediatr 2014; 164:445-50. [PMID: 24331686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Mitanchez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Perinatology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6 University, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Burguet
- Division of Pediatrics 2, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon Cedex, Paris, France; INSERM UMR S 953, Paris, France
| | - Umberto Simeoni
- Department of Neonatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; UMR608 INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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