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Niyazi A, Yasrebi SMA, Yazdanian M, Mohammad Rahimi GR. High-Intensity Interval Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise Training on Glycemic Control, Beta Cell Function, and Aerobic Fitness in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Biol Res Nurs 2024; 26:449-459. [PMID: 38477318 DOI: 10.1177/10998004241239330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on glycemic control, beta-cell function, and aerobic fitness in women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Thirty-six women with T2DM were assigned equally to HIIT, MICT, and control (CON) groups. Participants in the exercise cohorts underwent a 12-week training regimen (three sessions per week), while the CON group maintained an inactive lifestyle. Glycaemia variables, beta-cell function, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lipid profiles, and body composition were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: Both HIIT and MICT interventions led to significant improvements in glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and insulin resistance index. Moreover, visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels significantly decreased in the HIIT and MICT groups after 12 weeks. Triglyceride (TG) levels decreased only after MICT, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased after both interventions. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), body mass, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) significantly improved in all exercise groups. Notably, the HIIT group showed greater reductions in body mass compared to MICT. Nevertheless, beta-cell function remained unaltered after these two exercise regimens. Conclusion: Both HIIT and MICT interventions effectively managed T2DM in women, regardless of exercise intensity. The HIIT regimen can be considered for time-efficient lifestyle interventions in people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Niyazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayandegan-e-Sharq Healthcare Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohtaram Yazdanian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sanabad Golbahar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
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Wohlann T, Warneke K, Kalder V, Behm DG, Schmidt T, Schiemann S. Influence of 8-weeks of supervised static stretching or resistance training of pectoral major muscles on maximal strength, muscle thickness and range of motion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1885-1893. [PMID: 38240811 PMCID: PMC11129965 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current research suggests static stretch-induced maximal strength increases and muscle hypertrophy with potential to substitute resistance-training routines. However, most studies investigated the plantar flexors. This study explored the effects of a static stretching program on maximal strength, hypertrophy and flexibility of the pectoralis major and compared the effects with those of traditional resistance training. METHODS Eighty-one (81) active participants were allocated to either a static stretching, strength-training or control group. Pectoralis stretching was applied 15 min/day, 4 days per week for 8 weeks, while resistance training trained 3 days per week, 5 × 12 repetitions. RESULTS There was an increase in all parameters (strength: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.313, muscle thickness: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.157-0.264, flexibility: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.316) and a time*group interaction (strength: p = 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.154, muscle thickness: p = 0.008-0.001, ƞ2 = 0.117-0.173, flexibility: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.267). Post-hoc testing showed no difference between both intervention groups regarding maximal strength and muscle thickness (p = 0.905-0.983, d = 0.036-0.087), while flexibility increased in the stretching group (p = 0.001, d = 0.789). CONCLUSION Stretching showed increases in maximal strength and hypertrophy, which were comparable with commonly used resistance training. Based on current literature, the influence of mechanical tension as the underlying mechanism is discussed. Furthermore, as equipment and comparatively long stretching durations are requested to induce meaningful strength increases in recreationally active participants, practical application seems limited to special circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wohlann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Vincent Kalder
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Sport Science, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
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Longlalerng K, Watanasiripakdee S, Jeenduang N, Habuddha V, Piya-amornphan N, Damchuai T. Home-Based Aerobic Interval Training Combined with Resistance Training Improved Daytime Dysfunction in Adults with Obesity and Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Sleep Sci 2024; 17:e117-e124. [PMID: 38846585 PMCID: PMC11152638 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There have been many barriers to exercising at a gym due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Home-based aerobic interval training (AIT) combined with resistance training (RT) may be helpful for obese adults with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to overcome those barriers and improve their subjective sleep disorders. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effects of home-based AIT combined with RT on subjective sleep disorders in obese adults with SDB. Material and Methods This study has a one-group pretest-posttest design. Twenty-one adults with obesity and SDB were assigned to perform 8 weeks of AIT combined with RT. Subjective sleep disorder variables including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were defined as primary outcomes. Anthropometric variables, physical fitness components, and blood biomarkers were assigned as secondary outcomes. All outcome measurements were examined at baseline and after 8 weeks of training. Results Daytime dysfunction of PSQI was significantly improved after 8 weeks of the exercise program ( p < 0.05). Upper and lower chest expansion and estimated maximum oxygen consumption were significantly increased after 8 weeks of the exercise program (all p < 0.05). None of the blood biomarkers changed after 8 weeks of training. Conclusion This study suggests that home-based AIT combined with RT effectively alleviates daytime dysfunction and seems to be more helpful in improving global PSQI in adults with obesity. Future studies with a larger sample size, under a controlled trial are recommended to prove the benefits of the exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khomkrip Longlalerng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Siripan Watanasiripakdee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nutjaree Jeenduang
- Medical Technology, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Valainipha Habuddha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nitita Piya-amornphan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Tipwamol Damchuai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Bergum H, Grimsmo J, Anderssen SA, Klemsdal TO. Effects on physical activity, physical fitness and well-being in a 36-months randomized controlled study, comparing a multimodal hospital-based intervention programme for primary cardiovascular prevention with usual care. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:225. [PMID: 38664620 PMCID: PMC11044290 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and primary prevention efforts are poorly developed in people at high cardiovascular risk. On this background, we performed the Hjerteløftet Study and demonstrated that participation over 36 months in a multimodal primary prevention programme, significantly reduced validated cardiovascular risk scores. In the current substudy we aimed to further explore several elements and effects following the intervention programme. METHODS A random sample from the original Hjerteløftet Study was included for further examinations (n = 255, 40% women), and these patients were already randomized to an intervention group (IG) (n = 127), or a control group (CG) (n = 128). We compared changes from baseline to 36-months follow-up in physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, psychological well-being (WHO-5), cardiovascular medication use, smoking habits, and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose, HbA1c, Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein B and high-sensitive C-reactive protein). RESULTS Self-reported physical activity increased significantly with absolute difference in mean delta Physical Activity Index score in the IG compared to the CG: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.10 to 1.70, p = 0.028 (ANCOVA). There were no corresponding differences in cardiorespiratory fitness. The participation resulted in psychological well-being improvement in both groups with a larger increase in the IG compared to the CG. The mean difference in delta WHO-5 score was 5.06, 95% CI: 0.68 to 9.45, p = 0.024, and 3.28, 95% CI: -0.69 to 5.25, p = 0.104 when controlled for baseline values (ANCOVA). The use of antihypertensive medication increased significantly more in the CG (p = 0.044). Only minor, nonsignificant changes were observed for traditional risk factors and cardiometabolic variables. CONCLUSIONS Participation in the Hjerteløftet Study intervention programme resulted in an improved physical activity level, but without changing cardiorespiratory fitness. Participation in the programme also tended to improve psychological well-being, possibly related to increased physical activity, less smoking and less use of cardiovascular medication. Concerning the metabolic status, no major differences were observed, but minor changes may have been concealed by a larger increase in cardiovascular medication use in the control group. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01741428), 04/12/2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Bergum
- Department of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Lovisenberg Rehabilitation, Cathinka Guldbergs Hospital, Jessheim, 2051, Norway.
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jostein Grimsmo
- Department of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Lovisenberg Rehabilitation, Cathinka Guldbergs Hospital, Jessheim, 2051, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, the Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Ole Klemsdal
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586, Oslo, Norway
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Ho SY, Chung YC, Wu HJ, Ho CC, Chen HT. Effect of high intensity circuit training on muscle mass, muscular strength, and blood parameters in sedentary workers. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17140. [PMID: 38529312 PMCID: PMC10962336 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The study aim was to investigate the effect of high intensity circuit training on body composition, muscular performance, and blood parameters in sedentary workers. Methods A total of 36 middle-aged sedentary female workers were randomly divided into high intensity circuit training (HICT) group, aerobic training (AT) group, and control (CON) group. The exercise training groups performed exercise three times per week for 8 weeks. In HICT, each session was 20-35 min with 2-3 rounds. Rounds were 8 min; the interval between rounds was 4-5 min. In AT, each exercise session comprised 20-35 min of aerobic dance training. Physiological parameters were measured 1 week before and after the interventions. The resulting data were analyzed using two-way mixed design ANOVA, the differences in body composition, muscular performance and blood parameters before and after training were compared. Results The muscle mass (pre-test: 21.19 ± 2.47 kg; post-test: 21.69 ± 2.46 kg, p < 0.05) and knee extension 60°/s (pre-test: 82.10 ± 22.26 Nm/kg; post-test: 83.47 ± 12.83 Nm/kg, p < 0.05) of HICT group were significantly improved, with knee extension 60°/s significantly higher than that of the CON group (HICT: 83.47 ± 12.83 Nm/kg; CON: 71.09 ± 26.53 Nm/kg). In the AT group, body weight (BW) decreased significantly (Pre-test: 59.37 ± 8.24 kg; Post-test: 58.94 ± 7.98 kg); no significant change was observed in CON group. The groups exhibited no significant change in blood parameters (hs-CRP, TC, and LDL-C) or IGF-1. Conclusions Sedentary worker's muscle mass and lower-limb muscular performance were effectively improved by performing 8-week HICT with the benefits of short duration, no spatial constraints, and using one's BW, whereas AT caused a significant decrease in BW. However, the AT induced decrease in BW was probably an effect of muscle loss rather than exercise-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yen Ho
- Physical Education Office, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chung
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-June Wu
- Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ting Chen
- Physical Education Office, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mehok LE, Walsh KT, Miller MM, Anastas TM, Hirsh AT. Exercise and Dietary Recommendations for Women with Chronic Pain: What's Weight and Race Got To Do with It? THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024:104505. [PMID: 38484856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Exercise and diet are beneficial for pain, yet many patients do not receive such recommendations from providers. This may be due to biases related to gender, race, and weight. We recruited medical students (N = 90) to view videos of women with chronic back pain performing a functional task; patients varied by weight (overweight/obese) and race (Black/White). For each woman patient, providers rated their likelihood of recommending exercises or dietary changes. Ratings significantly differed across recommendations (F(2.75, 244.72) = 6.19, P < .01) in that providers were more likely to recommend flexibility exercises than aerobic exercises and dietary changes and were more likely to recommend strength exercises than dietary changes. Results also indicated that women with obesity were more likely to receive aerobic (F(1,89) = 17.20, P < .01), strength (F(1,89) = 6.08, P = .02), and dietary recommendations (F(1,89) = 37.56, P < .01) than were women with overweight. Additionally, White women were more likely to receive a recommendation for flexibility exercises (F(1,89) = 4.92, P = .03) than Black women. Collectively, these findings suggest that providers' exercise and dietary recommendations for women with chronic pain are influenced by the weight status and racial identity of the patient. Future studies are needed to identify the reasons underlying these systematic differences, including the stereotypes and attitudes that may be driving these effects. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents results on how patient weight and race impact providers' exercise and diet recommendations for women with chronic back pain. Provider recommendations for these modalities may be systematically biased in a way that impedes care and impacts patient functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Mehok
- Behavioral Health Care Line, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kaitlyn T Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis (IUI), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Megan M Miller
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tracy M Anastas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis (IUI), Indianapolis, Indiana
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Klophaus N, Wehmeier UF, Forstner J, Jansen A, Probst H, Grüter S, Hilberg T. The Impact of Medical Face Masks and Rehabilitation Duration on the Performance Output and Outcomes of Cardiologic Rehabilitants. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1086. [PMID: 38398399 PMCID: PMC10889284 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a medical face mask became mandatory in daily life and also in cardiological rehabilitation. In order to investigate whether the performance and outcomes of cardiological rehabilitation were affected by face masks, we compared data from patients who underwent rehabilitation with face masks with data from patients without face masks. In total, 114 patients from an ambulant rehabilitation center were included. Of them, 60 patients completed rehabilitation without a face mask (NFM). In contrast, 54 patients (with a face mask, WFM) completed their rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic and had to wear medical face masks for the entire day and also during ergometer training or other interventions. Subgroups were formed with patients who accepted to extend rehabilitation for one week (4 WG); the other patients only completed 3-week rehabilitation (3 WG). We analyzed the performance and outcomes of all groups (NFM; WFM, 3 WG and 4 WG). At baseline, no group differences were detected. All groups significantly improved their power output and heart rate recovery, without any group differences. We conclude that face masks and also an additional rehabilitation week do not affect the exercise performance or outcomes of out-house cardiological rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Klophaus
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Moritzstr. 14, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; (N.K.); (T.H.)
- Cardiowell, Arrenberger Str. 20, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Udo F. Wehmeier
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Moritzstr. 14, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; (N.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Julia Forstner
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Moritzstr. 14, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; (N.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Armin Jansen
- Cardiowell, Arrenberger Str. 20, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Herbert Probst
- Cardiowell, Arrenberger Str. 20, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stephan Grüter
- Cardiowell, Arrenberger Str. 20, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Hilberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Moritzstr. 14, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; (N.K.); (T.H.)
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Riahy S. The effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on FGF21, irisin, and myostatin in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Growth Factors 2024; 42:24-35. [PMID: 37945531 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2279163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on irisin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and myostatin (MSTN) among men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty-five adult men with T2DM were randomly selected and assigned to receive and perform HIIT (4 × 4 min at 85-95% HRmax with three min of active rest at 50-60% HRmax in between) and MICT (walking/running continuously for 47 min at 60-70% HRmax) three sessions per week for 12 weeks, or to act as a non-exercise control (CON) group. The subjects' blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 hours after the last intervention session. Our research revealed that both interventions resulted in similar decreases in FGF21 and MSTN when compared to the CON (p < .01). However, only the HIIT group showed a significant increase in irisin (p < .01) compared to the CON. Further, improvements in insulin resistance, body composition, and VO2 peak were noted in both intervention groups compared with those of the CON group (p < .01). It seems that while either aerobic exercise strategy could be seen as a therapy for men with T2DM, HIIT had a more advantageous effect on the irisin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Riahy
- Clinical Biomechanics and Ergonomics Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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den Uijl I, Sunamura M, Brouwers RMW, Stam HJ, Boersma E, van den Berg-Emons RJG, Ter Hoeve N. Cardiac rehabilitation for patients with obesity: lessons learned from the OPTICARE XL trial. Neth Heart J 2024; 32:14-22. [PMID: 37982980 PMCID: PMC10781911 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-023-01832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a known and commonly encountered risk factor for the development of cardiac diseases. Patients with cardiac diseases who also have obesity do not benefit optimally from standard cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. Exercises performed during CR are not the best fit for patients with obesity and counselling sessions often do not address their specific needs. OPTICARE XL is the first large multicentre randomised controlled trial to investigate the added value of a dedicated one-year CR program specifically designed for patients with obesity and integrated in daily practice. The short-term effects on body weight and physical activity were promising and patients with obesity experienced the program as highly desirable. However, the OPTICARE XL CR program did not show long-term added value compared with standard CR on health-related quality of life, psychosocial well-being, body weight, physical activity and physical fitness, nor on costs. The current article offers an overview of the background of this trial and discusses the most important results of the OPTICARE XL trial and the reasons behind the unanticipated long-term outcomes. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for future research and how to redesign the OPTICARE XL CR program to expand the short-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris den Uijl
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rutger M W Brouwers
- Department of Cardiology, Máxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven/Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Stam
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nienke Ter Hoeve
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Holmes AJ, Stratton MT, Bailly AR, Gottschall JS, Feito Y, Ha PL, Lavigne A, Persaud K, Gagnon HL, Krueger A, Modjeski A, Esmat TA, Harper LN, VanDusseldorp TA, Hester GM. Effects of plyometric- and cycle-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, aerobic capacity, and muscle function in young females: a field-based group fitness assessment. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:932-945. [PMID: 37556856 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective alternative to moderate intensity continuous training for improvements in body composition and aerobic capacity; however, there is little work comparing different modalities of HIIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- (PLYO) and cycle-oriented (CYC) HIIT on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were quasi-randomized (1:1 ratio) to 8 weeks of twice weekly PLYO (n = 15) or CYC (n = 15) HIIT. Body composition (four-compartment model), VO2peak, countermovement jump performance, muscle size, and echo intensity (muscle quality), as well as strength and power of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured before and after training. Both groups showed a similar decrease in body fat percentage (p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.409) and echo intensity (p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.558), and an increase in fat-free mass (p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.367) and VO2peak (p = 0.001;η p 2 = 0.318). Muscle size was unaffected (p > 0.05), whereas peak torque was reduced similarly in both groups (p = 0.017;η p 2 = 0.188) and rapid torque capacity was diminished only for the knee extensors after CYC (p = 0.022; d = -0.67). These results suggest that PLYO and CYC HIIT are similarly effective for improving body composition, aerobic capacity, and muscle quality, whereas muscle function may express moderate decrements in recreationally active females. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05821504).
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Holmes
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - M T Stratton
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, AL, USA
| | - A R Bailly
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - J S Gottschall
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, CO, USA
| | - Y Feito
- Nea Onnim Consultancy, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - P L Ha
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - A Lavigne
- Dr. Betty L. Siegel Student Recreation and Activities Center, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - K Persaud
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - H L Gagnon
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - A Krueger
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - A Modjeski
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - T A Esmat
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - L N Harper
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - T A VanDusseldorp
- Bonafide Health, LLC, JDS Therapeutics, NY, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Jacksonville University, FL, USA
| | - G M Hester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
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11
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Martone D, Vitucci D, Mancini A, Ermidis G, Panduro J, Cosco LF, Randers MB, Larsen MN, Mohr M, Buono P, Krustrup P. Bone Health, Body Composition and Physiological Demands in 70-85-Year-Old Lifelong Male Football Players. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:205. [PMID: 37888532 PMCID: PMC10610943 DOI: 10.3390/sports11100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of lifelong football training on bone health, body composition and physiological demands were evaluated. A total of 20 veteran football players (VPG; 73.4 ± 3.7 years) and 18 untrained age-matched men (CG; 75.6 ± 4.2 years) were enrolled. Whole-body and regional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of arms, legs, proximal femur and lower spine (L1-L4) were recorded in all participants. We observerd higher bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole-body, arms and femoral regions and higher bone mineral content (BMC) in the legs and lower spine compared to the CG (p < 0.05), also higher total lean body mass (p < 0.05) and lower total body fat percentage (p < 0.05), were found. No differences in food habits were evidenced between the VPG and the CG, as evaluated using 3-day food records. Resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure (BP) and activity profile during a football match were recorded using a global positioning system only in the VPG. The mean heart rate (HR)of theoretical maximal HR (ThHRmax), and peak of ThHRmax were 83.9 ± 8.6% and 98.6 ± 10.2%, respectively; the mean of total distance covered was 3666 ± 721 m, and the means of accelerations and decelerations were 419 ± 61 and 428 ± 65, respectively. Lifelong participation in football training improves regional BMD and BMC in legs, femur and lumbar spine compared to the CG. A high number of intense actions in term of HR and accelerations and decelerations suggests an elevated energy expenditure that in turn correlates to the healthier body composition observed in the VPG compared to the CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Martone
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sports Sciences, University Parthenope, 80035 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.c.a.r.l, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.V.); (A.M.); (G.E.); (P.B.)
| | - Daniela Vitucci
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.c.a.r.l, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.V.); (A.M.); (G.E.); (P.B.)
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.c.a.r.l, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.V.); (A.M.); (G.E.); (P.B.)
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Georgios Ermidis
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.c.a.r.l, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.V.); (A.M.); (G.E.); (P.B.)
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.P.); (M.B.R.); (M.N.L.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Jeppe Panduro
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.P.); (M.B.R.); (M.N.L.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | | | - Morten Bredsgaard Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.P.); (M.B.R.); (M.N.L.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.P.); (M.B.R.); (M.N.L.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.P.); (M.B.R.); (M.N.L.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
- Centre of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Faroe Islands, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.c.a.r.l, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.V.); (A.M.); (G.E.); (P.B.)
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.P.); (M.B.R.); (M.N.L.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
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12
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den Uijl I, van den Berg-Emons RJG, Sunamura M, Lenzen MJ, Stam HJ, Boersma E, Tenbült-van Limpt NCCW, Kemps HMC, Geleijnse ML, ter Hoeve N. Effects of a Dedicated Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients With Obesity on Body Weight, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Fitness: The OPTICARE XL Randomized Controlled Trial. Phys Ther 2023; 103:pzad055. [PMID: 37265452 PMCID: PMC10476876 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously published results of the OPTICARE XL open label randomized controlled trial showed no added value of OPTICARE XL CR, a dedicated cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program for patients with obesity, with respect to health-related quality of life (primary outcome). This clinical trial studied the effects of OPTICARE XL CR on several secondary outcomes, which included body weight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical fitness. METHODS Patients with coronary artery disease or atrial fibrillation and body mass index ≥ 30 were randomized to OPTICARE XL CR (n = 102) or standard CR (n = 99). OPTICARE XL CR was a 1-year group intervention, specifically designed for patients with obesity that included aerobic and strength exercise, behavioral coaching, and an aftercare program. Standard CR consisted of a 6- to 12-week group aerobic exercise program, supplemented with cardiovascular lifestyle education. Study end points included body weight, physical activity, sedentary behavior (accelerometer), and physical fitness (6-Minute Walk Test and handgrip strength), which were evaluated 6 months after the end of CR (primary endpoint) and 3 months after the start of CR. RESULTS Six months after completion of either program, improvements in body weight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical fitness were similar between the groups. Three months after CR start, patients randomized to OPTICARE XL CR showed greater weight loss (mean change = -3.6 vs -1.8 kg) and a larger improvement in physical activity (+880 vs +481 steps per day) than patients randomized to standard CR. CONCLUSION Patients allocated to OPTICARE XL CR lost significantly more body weight and showed promising results with respect to physical activity 3 months after the start of CR; however, these short-term results were not expanded or sustained in the longer term. IMPACT Patients with obesity do not benefit from standard CR programs. The new OPTICARE XL CR program showed its effects in the short term on weight loss and physical activity, and, therefore, redesign of the aftercare phase is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris den Uijl
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mattie J Lenzen
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk J Stam
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hareld M C Kemps
- Department of Cardiology, Máxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven/Veldhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel L Geleijnse
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke ter Hoeve
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Warneke K, Wirth K, Keiner M, Lohmann LH, Hillebrecht M, Brinkmann A, Wohlann T, Schiemann S. Comparison of the effects of long-lasting static stretching and hypertrophy training on maximal strength, muscle thickness and flexibility in the plantar flexors. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1773-1787. [PMID: 37029826 PMCID: PMC10363083 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Maximal strength measured via maximal voluntary contraction is known as a key factor in competitive sports performance as well as injury risk reduction and rehabilitation. Maximal strength and hypertrophy are commonly trained by performing resistance training programs. However, literature shows that long-term, long-lasting static stretching interventions can also produce significant improvements in maximal voluntary contraction. The aim of this study is to compare increases in maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility after 6 weeks of stretch training and conventional hypertrophy training. Sixty-nine (69) active participants (f = 30, m = 39; age 27.4 ± 4.4 years, height 175.8 ± 2.1 cm, and weight 79.5 ± 5.9 kg) were divided into three groups: IG1 stretched the plantar flexors continuously for one hour per day, IG2 performed hypertrophy training for the plantar flexors (5 × 10-12 reps, three days per week), while CG did not undergo any intervention. Maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness, pennation angle and flexibility were the dependent variables. The results of a series of two-way ANOVAs show significant interaction effects (p < 0.05) for maximal voluntary contraction (ƞ2 = 0.143-0.32, p < 0.006), muscle thickness (ƞ2 = 0.11-0.14, p < 0.021), pennation angle (ƞ2 = 0.002-0.08, p = 0.077-0.625) and flexibility (ƞ2 = 0.089-0.21, p < 0.046) for both the stretch and hypertrophy training group without significant differences (p = 0.37-0.99, d = 0.03-0.4) between both intervention groups. Thus, it can be hypothesized that mechanical tension plays a crucial role in improving maximal voluntary contraction and muscle thickness irrespective whether long-lasting stretching or hypertrophy training is used. Results show that for the calf muscle, the use of long-lasting stretching interventions can be deemed an alternative to conventional resistance training if the aim is to increase maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility. However, the practical application seems to be strongly limited as a weekly stretching duration of up to 7 h a week is opposed by 3 × 15 min of common resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wirth
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Sport Science, German University of Health and Sport, 85737, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Lars H Lohmann
- Institute of Sports Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hillebrecht
- University Sports Center, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brinkmann
- Assistive Systems and Medical Device Technology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wohlann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
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14
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Cortes MB, da Silva RSN, de Oliveira PC, da Silva DS, Irigoyen MCC, Waclawovsky G, Schaun MI. Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on endothelial function in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11826. [PMID: 37479727 PMCID: PMC10362025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise training on endothelial function in individuals with overweight and obesity. Our review study included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults (≥ 18 years of age) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. Our search was conducted in the electronic bases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, LILACS and EMBASE and in the gray literature. We performed random-effects analyses for effect estimates and used 95% prediction intervals (95% PI) for estimating the uncertainty of the study results. There were selected 10 RCTs involving 14 groups (n = 400). The quality assessment of studies using Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 (RoB 2) tool identified some concerns. Exercise training resulted in improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in individuals with overweight and obesity (p < 0.001) compared to the no-exercise control group. This effect of training modalities on FMD was seen for aerobic training (p < 0.001) but not for resistance training (p = 0.051). There was no difference in FMD in response to exercise training by BMI classification (overweight, obesity, overweight + obesity), p = 0.793. The present results are consistent with the notion that aerobic exercise training elicits favorable adaptations in endothelial function in individuals with overweight and obesity. Our findings should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of studies included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiquel Bueno Cortes
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | | | - Diego Silveira da Silva
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Maria Claudia Costa Irigoyen
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hypertension, Instituto do Coração (InCor), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Maximiliano Isoppo Schaun
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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15
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Shahinfar H, Payandeh N, Torabynasab K, Shahavandi M, Mohammadpour S, Babaei N, Ebaditabar M, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. The combined association of dietary inflammatory index and resting metabolic rate on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:68. [PMID: 37443056 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has examined the combined association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) of the diet and resting metabolic rate (RMR) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Therefore, we investigated the combined association between DII and RMR on CRF. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 adult subjects. The DII was calculated using a validated semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire. RMR was measured using an indirect calorimetric method. Socioeconomic status, anthropometric measures, body composition and blood pressure were documented by a trained interviewer. CRF was assessed by using Bruce protocol. Binary logistic regression was performed to find the association of CRF with DII/RMR categories in various models. RESULTS The participants categorized into four groups including: (1) low DII/high RMR, (2) low DII/low RMR, (3) high DII/low RMR, (4) high DII/high RMR. The mean of VO2Max (mL/kg/min), VO2max (L/min) and VO2max relative to lean body mass (LBM) was lower in participants that were classified as high DII/low RMR compared to those in low DII/high RMR. After controlling for age, sex, education status, smoking status, and physical activity those who were in the high DII/low RMR group, compared to the low DII/high RMR group were 28% less likely to have higher VO2max (ml/kg/min) (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.18, 0.82, p = 0.04). Moreover, had 25% lower odds of VO2max (L/min) which was significant (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.11, 0.89, p = 0.03). In addition, were 21% less likely to have higher VO2max (LBM) (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.30, 0.92, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Overall, consumption of a pro-inflammatory diet in combination with low RMR status is associated with lower odds of CRF compared to those who had anti-inflammatory diet in combination with high RMR status among Iranian healthy adults. This study suggests that researchers should focus on combined relationships rather than single pair-wise associations for having a better judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Torabynasab
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shahavandi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Babaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Ebaditabar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Khodadadi F, Bagheri R, Negaresh R, Moradi S, Nordvall M, Camera DM, Wong A, Suzuki K. The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Type on Body Fat Percentage, Fat and Fat-Free Mass: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062291. [PMID: 36983289 PMCID: PMC10054577 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared body compositional changes, including fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BF%), and fat-free mass (FFM), between different types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (cycling vs. overground running vs. treadmill running) as well as to a control (i.e., no exercise) condition. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity of RCTs. Thirty-six RCTs lasting between 3 to 15 weeks were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. RCTs that examined the effect of HIIT type on FM, BF%, and FFM were sourced from online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to 21 June 2022. HIIT (all modalities combined) induced a significant reduction in FM (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −1.86 kg, 95% CI: −2.55 to −1.18, p = 0.001) despite a medium between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 63.3, p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed cycling and overground running reduced FM (WMD: −1.72 kg, 95% CI: −2.41 to −1.30, p = 0.001 and WMD: −4.25 kg, 95% CI: −5.90 to −2.61, p = 0.001, respectively); however, there was no change with treadmill running (WMD: −1.10 kg, 95% CI: −2.82 to 0.62, p = 0.210). There was a significant reduction in BF% with HIIT (all modalities combined) compared to control (WMD: −1.53%, 95% CI: −2.13, −0.92, p = 0.001). All forms of HIIT also decreased BF%; however, overground running induced the largest overall effect (WMD: −2.80%, 95% CI: −3.89 to −1.71, p = 0.001). All types of HIIT combined also induced an overall significant improvement in FFM (WMD: 0.51 kg, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.95, p = 0.025); however, only cycling interventions resulted in a significant increase in FFM compared to other exercise modalities (WMD: 0.63 kg, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.09, p = 0.007). Additional subgroup analyses suggest that training for more than 8 weeks, at least 3 sessions per week, with work intervals less than 60 s duration and separated by ≤90 s active recovery are more effective for eliciting favorable body composition changes. Results from this meta-analysis demonstrate favorable body composition outcomes following HIIT (all modalities combined) with overall reductions in BF% and FM and improved FFM observed. Overall, cycling-based HIIT may confer the greatest effects on body composition due to its ability to reduce BF% and FM while increasing FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khodadadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Raoof Negaresh
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158-47141, Iran
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA
| | - Donny M. Camera
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (K.S.)
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17
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den Uijl I, Ter Hoeve N, Sunamura M, Stam HJ, Boersma E, Lenzen MJ, Brouwers RWM, Tenbült-van Limpt NCCW, Ista E, van den Berg-Emons RJG. Cardiac rehabilitation designed for patients with obesity: OPTICARE XL RCT results on health-related quality of life and psychosocial well-being. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:1046-1055. [PMID: 35311438 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We studied the effectiveness of a new cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program developed for patients with obesity compared with standard CR on HRQOL and psychosocial well-being.Materials and methods OPTICARE XL was a multicentre RCT in patients with cardiac disease and obesity (Netherlands Trial Register: NL5589). Patients were randomized to OPTICARE XL CR (n = 102) or standard CR (n = 99). The one-year OPTICARE XL CR group program included endurance and resistance exercises, behavioural coaching, and after-care. Standard CR consisted of a 6- to 12-week endurance exercise group program, and cardiovascular lifestyle education. Primary endpoint was HRQOL (MacNew) at six months post CR. Second, we assessed anxiety and depression (both HADS), fatigue (FSS), and participation in society (USER-P).Results In both groups, improvements in HRQOL were observed six months post CR. Mean HRQOL improved from 4.92 to 5.40 in standard CR [mean change (95% CI): 0.48 (0.28, 0.67)] and from 4.96 to 5.45 in OPTICARE XL CR (mean change (95% CI): 0.49 (0.29, 0.70), without between-group differences. Psychosocial well-being improvements within both groups were obtained at six months post CR, regardless of allocated program.Conclusions OPTICARE XL CR did not have added value in improving HRQOL and psychosocial well-being in patients with obesity.Implications for rehabilitationMore than a third of cardiac patients suffers from obesity, and standard cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are suboptimal in this increasing patient population.The OPTICARE XL CR program is a state-of-the art, one-year CR program designed for patients with obesity including aerobic and strength exercises, behavioural coaching towards a healthy diet and an active lifestyle, and after-care.Improvements in HRQOL and psychosocial well-being were comparable between patients with obesity allocated to standard CR and OPTICARE XL CR.Therefore, there was no additional benefit of OPTICARE XL CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris den Uijl
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Ter Hoeve
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk J Stam
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mattie J Lenzen
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erwin Ista
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nursing Science, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Sabouri M, Amirshaghaghi F, Hesari MM. High-intensity interval training improves the vascular endothelial function comparing moderate-intensity interval training in overweight or obese adults: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:100-106. [PMID: 36657899 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is a common method to improve endothelial function and the cardiovascular risk profile in obesity. However, in recent times, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular alternative for MICT primarily because of its time efficiency. Therefore, we hypothesized that HIIT is superior to MICT in improving vascular function. We aimed to evaluate this hypothesis by conducting a meta-analysis and quantifying the effect of HIIT on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in overweight/obese adults. METHODS Databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) were searched up to January 2022 for HIIT vs. moderate-intensity interval training (MICT) and HIIT vs. control (CON) studies on endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in overweight and obese adults. From the included studies, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. RESULTS 8 studies with 208 participants were included in this meta-analysis. According to the 6 studies, HIIT improved the FMD with an overall change of %2.6 [(95% CI: 0.82 to 4.377), p = 0.004] compared to the MICT in overweight and obese adults. Moreover, based on the 5 studies that compared HIIT and CON, the results showed HIIT significantly increased FMD by 1.83% [(95% CI: 0.478 to 3.187), p = 0.008]. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that exercise training, particularly HIIT, could improve endothelial function in overweight and obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sabouri
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Health Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | | | - Mahsa Mahabadi Hesari
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Health Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gentil P, Silva LRBE, Antunes DE, Carneiro LB, de Lira CAB, Batista G, de Oliveira JCM, Cardoso JS, Souza DC, Rebelo ACS. The effects of three different low-volume aerobic training protocols on cardiometabolic parameters of type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized clinical trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:985404. [PMID: 36755928 PMCID: PMC9900112 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.985404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of different aerobic training protocols on cardiometabolic variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This study was a parallel clinical trial. Fifty-two men and women with T2DM (>40 years) were randomly allocated into three groups, and 44 (22 males/22 females) were included in the final analysis. Exercise intensity was based on the speed corresponding to the maximum oxygen consumption (v V ˙ O2max). Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) involved 14 minutes at 70% of v V ˙ O2max; short interval high-intensity interval training (S-HIIT) consisted of 20 bouts of 30 seconds at 100% of V˙O2max with 30 seconds passive recovery; long interval high-intensity training (L-HIIT) consisted of 5 bouts of 2 minutes at 100% of v V ˙ O2max with 2 minutes passive recovery. Training protocols were performed on a motorized treadmill two times per week for eight weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac), total cholesterol, triglycerides, resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (resting HR) and maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) were measured before and after the exercise intervention. The study was registered on the Brazilian clinical trial records (ID: RBR45 4RJGC3). Results There was a significant difference between groups for changes on V ˙ O2max. Greater increases on V ˙ O2max were achieved for L-HIIT (p = 0.04) and S-HIIT (p = 0.01) in comparison to MICT group, with no significant difference between L-HIIT and S-HIIT (p = 0.9). Regarding comparison within groups, there were significant reductions on HbA1c and triglycerides levels only for L-HIIT (p< 0.05). V ˙ O2max significantly increased for both L-HIIT (MD = 3.2 ± 1.7 ml/kg/min, p< 0.001) and S-HIIT (MD = 3.4 ± 1.7, p< 0.001). There was a significant reduction on resting SBP for L-HIIT group (MD = -12.07 ± 15.3 mmHg, p< 0.01), but not for S-HIIT and MICT. There were no significant changes from pre- to post-training on fasting glycemia, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, resting HR and resting DBP for any group (p > 0.05). Conclusion Low-volume HIIT promoted greater improvements in cardiorespiratory capacity in comparison with low-volume MICT, independent of the protocols used. There were no other differences between groups. All protocols improved at least one of the variables analyzed; however, the most evident benefits were after the high-intensity protocols, especially L-HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Instituto VIDA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Raphael Bento e Silva
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gislene Batista
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Cristina Silva Rebelo
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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20
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Rohmansyah NA, Ka Praja R, Phanpheng Y, Hiruntrakul A. High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Improving Physical Health in Elderly Women. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231172870. [PMID: 37158072 PMCID: PMC10184247 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231172870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In elderly women, a lack of regular physical exercise may result in faster decreases in general health and functional performance. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have been effectively applied in young and clinical groups, there is no evidence to support their use in elderly women to achieve health benefits. Thus, the major goal of this study was to investigate how HIIT affected health-related outcomes in elderly women. Twenty-four inactive elderly women agreed to participate in the 16-week HIIT and MICT intervention. Body composition, insulin resistance, blood lipids, functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life were all measured before and after the intervention. The number of differences between groups was determined using Cohen's effect sizes, and the pre-post intra-group changes were compared using paired t-tests. Using 2 × 2 ANOVA, the time × group interaction effects between HIIT and MICT were evaluated. Body fat percentage, sagittal abdominal diameter, waist circumference, and hip circumference all were improved significantly in the 2 groups. HIIT substantially improved fasting plasma glucose and cardiorespiratory fitness as compared to the MICT. HIIT improved the lipid profile and functional ability more significantly compared to the MICT group. These findings show that HIIT is a useful exercise for improving elderly women's physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rian Ka Praja
- Universitas Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
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21
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Khalafi M, Sakhaei MH, Kazeminasab F, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of high-intensity interval training on vascular function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1046560. [PMID: 36465439 PMCID: PMC9713318 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1046560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or with no exercise (CON) on vascular function in adults who were free of cardiometabolic diseases and those with cardiometabolic diseases. METHODS A search across three electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted through February 2022 to identify the randomized trials evaluating HIIT vs. MICT and/or CON on vascular function as measured using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in adults. Separate analyses were conducted for HIIT vs. MICT and/or CON to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using random or fixed models. RESULTS A total of 36 studies involving 1,437 participants who were either free of cardiometabolic diseases or had cardiometabolic diseases were included in the meta-analysis. HIIT effectively increased FMD when compared with MICT [1.59% (95% CI 0.87-2.31), p = 0.001] or CON [3.80% (95% CI 2.58-5.01), p = 0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that HIIT increased FMD in participants with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but not in participants who were free of cardiometabolic diseases. In addition, HIIT effectively increased FMD regardless of age and body mass index. CONCLUSION We confirm that HIIT is effective for improving vascular function in individuals with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases and has a superior effect compared to MICT, demonstrating time efficiency. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022320863].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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22
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Changes in Arterial Stiffness in Response to Various Types of Exercise Modalities: A Narrative Review on Physiological and Endothelial Senescence Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223544. [PMID: 36428973 PMCID: PMC9688701 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is a reliable independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Exercise training might enhance arterial compliance through improved metabolic health status. Different modes of exercise may have different effects on arterial stiffness. However, the interactions among different modes of exercise on endothelial senescence, the development of arterial vascular stiffness, and the associated molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In this narrative review, we evaluate the current evidence focusing on the effects of various exercise modes on arterial stiffness and vascular health, and the known underlying physiological mechanisms are discussed as well. Here, we discuss the most recent evidence of aerobic exercise, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and resistance exercise (RE) on arterial stiffness and endothelial senescence in physiological and cellular studies. Indeed, aerobic, HIIT, and progression RE-induced arterial compliance may reduce arterial stiffness by effectively promoting nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reducing endothelial senescence. However, the transient increase in inflammation and sympathetic activation may contribute to the temporary elevation in arterial stiffness following whole-body high-intensity acute resistance exercise.
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23
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Mehmood S, Khan A, Farooqui S, Zahoor AW, Adnan QUA, Khan U. High-intensity circuit training for improving anthropometric parameters for women from low socioeconomic communities of Sikandarabad: A clinical trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275895. [PMID: 36251656 PMCID: PMC9576086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An alarming trend of sustained physical inactivity has been observed among women in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, mainly due to the lack of time and high cost of gym facilities. Although physical activity essentially contributes to disease prevention, evidence supporting time-efficient exercise on anthropometric measures is limited. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of interval-based high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on anthropometric measures and the nature of the relationship between these measures. Methods A single-group, quasi-experimental study was conducted in the community park of Ziauddin Hospital at Sikandarabad. Sixty women who were overweight and had sedentary lifestyles were recruited for a six-week HICT-based program conducted at 85%–95% maximum heart rate (MHR) on every alternate day. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 6-weeks including anthropometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BF%], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). Results The six-week HICT-based program demonstrated a significant reduction in BMI (p<0.001), BF% (p<0.001), and WHR (p<0.001). Reductions in the BMI mean from 27.3±1.3 to 25.1±1.4 and BF% mean from 31.9±2.3 to 27.6±2.4 were observed following 18 sessions of HICT. The effect of age on BF% and WHR was linearly significant (p<0.001) with increasing age (BF%) and WHR. Conclusion Interval-based HICT was an effective exercise regimen for improving BMI, BF%, and WHR. Furthermore, the exercise protocol was feasible and well tolerated, with no reported adverse events, and it could be easily implemented in real-world community settings. BF% and WHR were significantly influenced by increasing age; therefore, our findings support the importance of exercise implementation, especially with increasing age, for the maintenance of a disease-free healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mehmood
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amna Khan
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sumaira Farooqui
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Al-Wardha Zahoor
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain Adnan
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Usman Khan
- Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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24
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Cardioprotective Effects of Physical Activity: Focus on Ischemia and Reperfusion. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This review aimed to revisit the old and introduce some of the new various cardioprotective effects of physical exercise, focusing on ischemia-reperfusion injury. A wealth of data shows that regular physical exercise is necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases. In the last few years, a number of new training regimes, usually modified variations of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocols, have been rising in popularity among people of all ages. Since exercising is not limited to only healthy people, our study emphasized the benefits of HIIT and MICT in preventing or mitigating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Different kinds of research are being performed, studying the various positive and side effects of these training regimes, all in hopes of finding the most optimal ones. So far, all of them have shown that exercising to any extent, even for a short period of time, is beneficial in one way or another, and outweighs the possible risks it might have. We also revisited some of the known molecular mechanisms responsible for many of the effects of physical exercise and introduced some new findings related to them. Lastly, we summarized and compared the benefits of different HIIT and MICT protocols to narrow down the search for the most efficient training method.
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25
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Decreased flow-mediated dilation in healthy Chinese adolescent with a family history of type 2 diabetes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:251. [PMID: 35659192 PMCID: PMC9164499 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Endothelial dysfunction appears early in the development of cardiovascular disease and is associated with type 2 diabetes. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is already present in healthy Chinese adolescent participants at risk of type 2 diabetes and associates with physical activity.
Methods
We investigated the flow-mediated dilation in 65 first-degree relatives (normal tension, normal glucose tolerance) and 62 age-, sex- and BMI-matched controls without a family history of type 2 diabetes by ultrasound. Physical activity level was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionaire and type 2 diabetes family history through self-reporting. The association between physical activity and flow-mediated dilation was evaluated by Pearson correlations and multiple regressions in adolescents with or without a family history of type 2 diabetes.
Results
Female adolescents display better flow-mediated dilation than males. Adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes had significantly impaired flow-mediated dilation than healthy controls. Among the parameter detection in the blood, the flow-mediated dilation is only positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, but not others. Interestingly, flow-mediated dilation is positively corrected with physical activity scores in both the male and female adolescents, while slightly impaired but not significant in adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion
Studies in adolescents are important to understand the early pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Findings of this investigation suggest that family history of type 2 diabetes may play a role in regulating the vascular function in Chinese adolescents. Given the impaired flow-mediated dilation in individuals with family history and the effects of physical activity in improved flow-mediated dilation, people with a family history of type 2 diabetes may need higher physical activity levels to attenuate their susceptibility to impaired flow-mediated dilation.
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26
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Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Metsios GS, Perivoliotis K, Liguori G, Feito Y, Riebe D, Thompson WR, Angelopoulos TJ, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Draganidis D, Poulios A, Fatouros IG. Comparative Efficacy of 5 Exercise Types on Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 81 Randomized Controlled Trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2022; 15:e008243. [PMID: 35477256 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.121.008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although regular exercise is recommended for preventing and treating overweight/obesity, the most effective exercise type for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight/obesity remains largely undecided. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and rank the comparative efficacy of 5 exercise modalities on cardiometabolic health measures in individuals with overweight/obesity. METHODS A database search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to September 2020. The review focused on randomized controlled trials involving exercise interventions consisting of continuous endurance training, interval training, resistance training, combined aerobic and resistance training (combined training), and hybrid-type training. Exercise interventions aimed to improve somatometric variables, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucose control, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate eligible studies. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. The intervention ranking was carried out using a Bayesian model where mean and SD were equal to the respective frequentist estimates. RESULTS A total of 4331 participants (59% female; mean age: 38.7±12.3 years) from 81 studies were included. Combined training was the most effective modality and hybrid-type training the second most effective in improving cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in these populations suggesting a higher efficacy for multicomponent exercise interventions compared to single-component modalities, that is, continuous endurance training, interval training, and resistance training. A subgroup analysis revealed that the effects from different exercise types were mediated by gender. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate the latest guidelines on exercise for individuals with overweight/obesity highlighting the importance of a multicomponent exercise approach to improve cardiometabolic health. Physicians and healthcare professionals should consider prescribing multicomponent exercise interventions to adults with overweight/obesity to maximize clinical outcomes. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42020202647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Georgios S Metsios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (G.S.M.).,Russells Hall Hospital, Rheumatology, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom (G.S.M.).,Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom (G.S.M.)
| | | | - Gary Liguori
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston (G.L., D.R.)
| | - Yuri Feito
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Y.F.)
| | - Deborah Riebe
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston (G.L., D.R.)
| | - Walter R Thompson
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta (W.R.T.)
| | - Theodore J Angelopoulos
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington (T.J.A.)
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (P.K.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Section of Sport and Health Sciences and Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS) (P.K.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom (P.K.)
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (M.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn (M.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
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27
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Mayr B, Reich B, Greil R, Niebauer J. The effect of exercise training on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with breast cancer under aromatase inhibitor therapy. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4946-4953. [PMID: 35585836 PMCID: PMC9761059 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the leading non-cardiovascular cause of death in women. In endocrine receptor positive women, aromatase inhibitors (AI) are the therapy of choice despite the fact that a decrease in systemic estrogen levels may result in endothelial dysfunction and eventually in cardiovascular disease. In this study, we assessed whether exercise training (ET), which has repeatedly shown to lead to an improvement of endothelial dysfunction, will also exert this effect in postmenopausal women with AI treated breast cancer. METHODS Thirty two postmenopausal women with AI treated breast cancer were randomized to an intervention group (ET; 6 months, supervised training plus 6 months without intervention) or control group of usual care (UC; 12 months without intervention plus initial exercise counseling). Endothelial function was assessed via Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI) measured non-invasively with the EndoPAT-System at baseline, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS After 6 months of supervised ET, changes in maximal exercise capacity were significantly greater in ET than in UC (∆W: 24.1 ± 11.5 vs. 1.1 ± 8.2 watts; p < 0.001). Even though 43.8% of all participants had endothelial dysfunction at baseline, there were no significant group differences in the changes of RHI between ET (∆RHI: -0.1 ± 1.04) and UC (0.02 ± 0.75; p = 0.323) after 6 months. CONCLUSION Even though ET led to significantly greater improvement in exercise capacity in postmenopausal women with AI treated breast cancer than exercise counseling only, it did not exert any measurable effects on endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mayr
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and RehabilitationParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Bernhard Reich
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and RehabilitationParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Oncologic CenterParacelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute with Laboratory of Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology TrialsSalzburgAustria,Cancer Cluster SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and RehabilitationParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
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Mendelson M, Chacaroun S, Baillieul S, Doutreleau S, Guinot M, Wuyam B, Tamisier R, Pépin JL, Estève F, Tessier D, Vergès S, Flore P. Effects of high intensity interval training on sustained reduction in cardiometabolic risk associated with overweight/obesity. A randomized trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:172-181. [PMID: 35401768 PMCID: PMC8956941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the potential greater cardiocirculatory effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT), we hypothesized that a 2-month supervised high volume short interval HIIT would induce greater improvements in CRF and cardiometabolic risk and increase long-term maintenance to physical activity compared to isocaloric moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in overweight/obesity. Methods Sixty (19 females) subjects with overweight/obesity were randomized to three training programs (3 times/week for 2 months): MICT (45 min, 50% peak power output-PPO), HIIT (22 × 1-min cycling at 100% PPO/1-min passive recovery) and HIIT-RM (RM: recovery modulation, i.e. subjects adjusted passive recovery duration between 30s and 2 min). After the intervention, participants no longer benefited from supervised physical activity and were instructed to maintain the same exercise modalities on their own. We assessed anthropometrics, body composition, CRF, fat oxidation, lipid profile, glycemic balance, low-grade inflammation, vascular function, spontaneous physical activity and motivation for eating at three time points: baseline (T0), 4 days after the end of the 2-month supervised training program (T2) and 4 months after the end of the training program (T6). Results HIIT/HIIT-RM induced greater improvement in VO2peak (between +14% and +17%), power output at ventilatory thresholds and at maximal fat oxidation rate (+25%) and waist circumference (−1.53 cm) compared to MICT and tended to decrease insulin resistance. During the four-month follow-up period during which exercise in autonomy was prescribed, HIIT induced a greater preservation of CRF, decreases in total and abdominal fat masses and total cholesterol/HDL. Conclusion We have shown greater short-term benefits induced by a high volume short interval (1 min) HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk over an isocaloric moderate intensity continuous exercise in persons with overweight/obesity. We also showed greater long-term effects (i.e. after 4 months) of this exercise modality on the maintenance of CRF, decreases in total and abdominal fat masses and total cholesterol/HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Mendelson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samarmar Chacaroun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Baillieul
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Guinot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - François Estève
- Inserm - UA07 - Rayonnement Synchrotron pour la Recherche Biomédicale (STROBE) ID17 Installation Européenne du Rayonnement Synchrotron (ESRF), CHU Grenoble Alpes, CLUNI, SCRIMM-Sud, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Tessier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire SENS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Vergès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Flore
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Hamelin Morrissette J, Tremblay D, Marcotte-Chénard A, Lizotte F, Brunet MA, Laurent B, Riesco E, Geraldes P. Transcriptomic modulation in response to high-intensity interval training in monocytes of older women with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1085-1095. [PMID: 35182182 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, lowering the quality of life and increasing mortality rates of affected individuals. Circulating monocytes are tightly involved in the atherosclerosis process leading to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and their inflammatory profile can be modified by exercise. The objective was to exploratory identify genes associated with CVD that could be regulated by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in monocytes of type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were conducted on isolated circulating monocytes (CD14+) of six women aged 60 and over with type 2 diabetes who completed a 12-week supervised HIIT intervention on a treadmill. RESULTS Following the intervention, a reduction of resting diastolic blood pressure was observed. Concomitant with this result, 56 genes were found to be downregulated following HIIT intervention in isolated monocytes. A large proportion of the regulated genes was involved in cellular adhesion, migration and differentiation into an "atherosclerosis-specific" macrophage phenotype. CONCLUSION The downregulation of transcripts in monocytes globally suggests a favorable cardiovascular effect of the HIIT in older women with type 2 diabetes. In the context of precision medicine and personalized exercise prescription, shedding light on the fundamental mechanisms underlying HIIT effects on the gene profile of immune cells is essential to develop efficient nonpharmacological strategies to prevent CVD in high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Tremblay
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5H3, Canada
| | | | - Farah Lizotte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5H3, Canada
| | - Marie A Brunet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5H3, Canada.,Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5H3, Canada. .,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Molinari T, Molinari T, Rabello R, Rodrigues R. Effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training or resistance training on muscle strength, muscle power and cardiorespiratory responses in trained young men. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Gallardo-Alfaro L, Bibiloni MDM, Argelich E, Angullo-Martinez E, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Metabolic Syndrome and Functional Fitness Abilities. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245840. [PMID: 34945135 PMCID: PMC8709084 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been pointed out that moderate to vigorous exercise improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria; however, studies on functional fitness in subjects with MetS are scarce. AIM This study aimed to assess functional fitness abilities in MetS and non-MetS subjects. METHODS Cross-sectional study. Participants living in the Balearic Islands (n = 477, 52% men, 55-80 years old) with MetS (n = 333) and without MetS (n = 144). Anthropometric, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics were measured, and blood samples were collected. Functional fitness tests included: one leg balance, standing and sitting handgrip, 30-s chair stand, arm curl, chair sit-and-reach, back scratch, 8-foot time up-and-go, 30-m walk, and 6-min walk tests. A Functional Fitness Score was created from tests that measured agility and dynamic balance, static balance, lower-and-upper body strength, lower-and-upper body flexibility, aerobic endurance, and speed. RESULTS All functional fitness tests were lower in MetS subjects, except for back scratch and standing handgrip test. After adjusting for possible confounders (sex, age, civil status, education level, leisure-time physical activity) MetS subjects were more likely to be below average for a sex and age specific cut-off value of one leg balance (Odds Ratio, OR: 2.37; 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 1.25-4.48), chair stand (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.26-3.20), arm curl (OR: 3.43; 95% CI:1.90-6.26), back scratch (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 2.31-5.91), 8-foot up-&-go (OR: 13.03; 95% CI: 6.66-25.55), 30-m walk (OR: 8.10; 95% CI: 4.33-15.57) and 6-min walk test (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.76-6.52), whereas they were more likely to be above average for sitting handgrip test (OR:1.69; 95% CI:1.21-2.95). Functional Fitness Score was lower in MetS subjects (5.44 ± 2.40 vs. 7.04 ± 1.72, p < 0.001), independently of sex and age. CONCLUSION MetS participants showed lower functional fitness abilities and lower Functional Fitness Score than non-MetS peers, independently of sex, age, body mass index and waist circumference, showing lower ability to perform everyday activities safely and independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallardo-Alfaro
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, Guillem Colom Building, Campus, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.G.-A.); (M.d.M.B.); (E.A.); (E.A.-M.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, Guillem Colom Building, Campus, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.G.-A.); (M.d.M.B.); (E.A.); (E.A.-M.); (C.B.)
| | - Emma Argelich
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, Guillem Colom Building, Campus, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.G.-A.); (M.d.M.B.); (E.A.); (E.A.-M.); (C.B.)
- Hospital de Manacor, IBSalut, 07500 Manacor, Spain
| | - Escarlata Angullo-Martinez
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, Guillem Colom Building, Campus, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.G.-A.); (M.d.M.B.); (E.A.); (E.A.-M.); (C.B.)
- Escola Graduada Primary Health Care Center, IBSalut, 07002 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, Guillem Colom Building, Campus, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.G.-A.); (M.d.M.B.); (E.A.); (E.A.-M.); (C.B.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, Guillem Colom Building, Campus, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.G.-A.); (M.d.M.B.); (E.A.); (E.A.-M.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(97)-11731; Fax: +34-(97)-1173184
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Effects of CrossFit training on lipid profiles, body composition and physical fitness in overweight men. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Slow and Steady, or Hard and Fast? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Comparing Body Composition Changes between Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9110155. [PMID: 34822354 PMCID: PMC8619923 DOI: 10.3390/sports9110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of the current literature as to the effects of interval training (IT) vs moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on measures of body composition, both on a whole-body and regional level. Methods: We searched English-language papers on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and sportrxiv for the following inclusion criteria: (a) randomized controlled trials that directly compared IT vs MICT body composition using a validated measure in healthy children and adults; (b) training was carried out a minimum of once per week for at least four weeks; (c) published in a peer-reviewed English language journal or on a pre-print server. Results: The main model for fat mass effects revealed a trivial standardized point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate, with moderate heterogeneity (−0.016 (95%CI −0.07 to 0.04); I2 = 36%). The main model for fat-free mass (FFM) effects revealed a trivial standardized point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate, with negligible heterogeneity (−0.0004 (95%CI −0.05 to 0.05); I2 = 16%). The GRADE summary of findings suggested high certainty for both main model effects. Conclusions: Our findings provide compelling evidence that the pattern of intensity of effort and volume during endurance exercise (i.e., IT vs MICT) has minimal influence on longitudinal changes in fat mass and FFM, which are likely to minimal anyway. Trial registration number: This study was preregistered on the Open Science Framework.
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Preoperative Aerobic Exercise Therapy Prior to Abdominal Surgery: What Is the Evidence? What Dose? CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-021-00488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vasconcelos NN, Pereira LA, Silva RSR, Dias KSSA, Mourão TS, Pereira LC, Cota VR, Pinto FCH, Damázio LCM. High Intensity Physical Exercise before the Brain Ischemia Promotes Increase in Brain Injury. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:106148. [PMID: 34644665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of light- and moderate-intensity physical exercise on the nervous system of animals with cerebral ischemia. To investigate the effects of two high-intensity physical exercise protocols, standardized for resistance and strength gain, in rats trained before cerebral ischemia induced by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO). Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: with ischemia and without ischemia (sham). Both groups were subdivided into animals that performed high-intensity exercises in the muscle strength modality (I+Ex2; Sham+Ex2; n=16); animals submitted to high-intensity exercises in the aerobic modality (I+Ex1; Sham+Ex1; n=16), and animals that did not practice physical exercises - sedentary (I+Sed; Sham+Sed, n=16). Cerebral ischemia was induced using the BCCAO model. The physical training program used before the procedure was of high intensity, in the aerobic and muscular strength modalities, and was performed using a vertical ladder, for 4 weeks, 5 days per week. In order to process and stain the brain tissue, the Nissl method was used for neuron labeling and quantification in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. As for the animals' body weight and the heart weight differences were found between the groups I+Ex2 and Sham+Ex2 (p<0.05). Data on neuron quantification in the cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus, and right and left striatum revealed significant differences between groups. High-intensity physical training in the strength gain modality promotes significant damage to the animal's brain when performed prior to BCCAO-induced cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Nascimento Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences of the Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-1600, MG, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Luan Alves Pereira
- Biological Sciences Course of the Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Regina Suzette Rodrigues Silva
- Biological Sciences Course of the Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Karine Sthéfany Serpa Amaral Dias
- Biological Sciences Course of the Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Silveira Mourão
- Biological Sciences Course of the Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Liliane Costa Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rosa Cota
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Carmo Horta Pinto
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Laila Cristina Moreira Damázio
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil; President Tancredo de Almeida Neves University Center, 36301-182, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil.
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Hybrid Neuromuscular Training Improves Cardiometabolic Health and Alters Redox Status in Inactive Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101601. [PMID: 34679738 PMCID: PMC8533161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a 5-month high-intensity hybrid-type neuromuscular training program with nontraditional implements on cardiometabolic health, redox status, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in inactive overweight and obese women. Forty-nine inactive female participants with overweight and obesity (age: 36.4 ± 4.4 years; BMI: 29.1 ± 2.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a control (C, n = 21) or a training group (TR, n = 28). TR followed a 20-week supervised, progressive, time-efficient (3 days/week; 6–15 min net exercise time) program implementing loaded fundamental movement patterns with prescribed work-to-rest time intervals (20–40 s, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1) in a circuit fashion (2–3 rounds). Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at baseline and post-training as secondary outcomes of a larger randomized controlled trial. At post-intervention, TR demonstrated favorable changes in resting heart rate (−7%, p = 0.043), high-density lipoprotein (+18.1%, p = 0.029), atherogenic index (−17%, p = 0.045), mean arterial pressure (−4.5%, p = 0.03), waist circumference (−6.2%, p = 0.005), waist-to-hip ratio (−4.6%; p = 0.015), metabolic syndrome severity score (−222%, p = 0.024), full 30-year CVD risk (−15.8%, p = 0.002) and hard 30-year CVD risk (−17.6%, p = 0.01), vascular age (−7.8%, p = 0.002), protein carbonyls (−45.7%, p = 0.001), catalase activity (+15.2%, p = 0.023), and total antioxidant capacity (+11.4%, p = 0.002) relative to C. Additionally, TR induced beneficial changes in fasting glucose (−3.4%, p = 0.002), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (−15.7%, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (−5.6%, p < 0.001), reduced glutathione (+39.8%, p < 0.001), 10-year CVD risk (−17.4%, p = 0.011), and total bilirubin (−21.7%, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. These results suggest that hybrid-type neuromuscular training may improve aspects of cardiometabolic health and antioxidant status in inactive overweight and obese women providing a time-efficient (~100 min/week) exercise approach in a real-world gym setting.
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Mora-Rodriguez R, Ortega JF, Morales-Palomo F, Ramirez-Jimenez M, Moreno-Cabañas A, Alvarez-Jimenez L. Endurance Exercise Training reduces Blood Pressure according to the Wilder's Principle. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:336-343. [PMID: 34560789 DOI: 10.1055/a-1548-6985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of antihypertensive medicine (AHM) is larger the higher the pre-treatment blood pressure level. It is unknown whether this Wilder's principle, also applies for the exercise-training blood pressure (BP) lowering effect. One hundred seventy-eight (n=178) middle-aged individuals (55±8 y) with metabolic syndrome (MetS), underwent high intensity interval training (3 days·week-1) for 16 weeks. Participants were divided into medicated (Med; n=103) or not medicated (No Med; n=75) with AHM. Office BP was evaluated before and after the exercise-training. Correlations and stepwise regression analysis were used to determine which variable better predicted the reductions in systolic BP (SBP) with training. After training, participants with hypertension lowered SBP by a similar magnitude regardless of if they were in the Med (-15 mmHg, 95% CI-12,-19; P<0.001) or No Med group (-13 mmHg, 95% CI-9,-16; P<0.001). However, SBP did not decrease among normotensive groups (P=0.847 for Med and P=0.937 for No Med). Pre-treatment SBP levels was the best predictor of exercise-training lowering effect (r=-0.650; β=-0.642; P<0.001). For each 10 mmHg higher pre-training SBP there were a 5 mmHg deeper SBP reduction (Wilder principle). Furthermore, AHM does not interfere with exercise-training BP-lowering effect.
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Taylor JL, Bonikowske AR, Olson TP. Optimizing Outcomes in Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Importance of Exercise Intensity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:734278. [PMID: 34540924 PMCID: PMC8446279 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.734278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recognized internationally as a class 1 clinical practice recommendation for patients with select cardiovascular diseases and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Over the past decade, several meta-analyses have generated debate regarding the effectiveness of exercise-based CR for reducing all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A common theme highlighted in these meta-analyses is the heterogeneity and/or lack of detail regarding exercise prescription methodology within CR programs. Currently there is no international consensus on exercise prescription for CR, and exercise intensity recommendations vary considerably between countries from light-moderate intensity to moderate intensity to moderate-vigorous intensity. As cardiorespiratory fitness [peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)] is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure, exercise prescription that optimizes improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity is a critical consideration for the efficacy of CR programming. This review will examine the evidence for prescribing higher-intensity aerobic exercise in CR, including the role of high-intensity interval training. This discussion will highlight the beneficial physiological adaptations to pulmonary, cardiac, vascular, and skeletal muscle systems associated with moderate-vigorous exercise training in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. Moreover, this review will propose how varying interval exercise protocols (such as short-duration or long-duration interval training) and exercise progression models may influence central and peripheral physiological adaptations. Importantly, a key focus of this review is to provide clinically-relevant recommendations and strategies to optimize prescription of exercise intensity while maximizing safety in patients attending CR programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Taylor
- Division of Preventative Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amanda R Bonikowske
- Division of Preventative Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Thomas P Olson
- Division of Preventative Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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The Effect of Endurance and Endurance-Strength Training on Bone Mineral Density and Content in Abdominally Obese Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9081074. [PMID: 34442211 PMCID: PMC8391265 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal type of exercise that simultaneously decreases body weight and preserves bone health in people with obesity is unknown. This parallel randomized trial aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in abdominally obese postmenopausal women. A total of 101 women were recruited and randomly assigned to endurance or endurance-strength training groups. Participants trained for 60 min per day, three times per week for 12 weeks. The endurance exercises were performed at an intensity of 50–75% of the maximum heart rate, whereas the strength exercises were at 50–60% of the one-repetition maximum. Pre- and post-intervention BMD and BMC of the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck and physical capacity were measured. There were no differences among the densitometric parameters in the endurance group, but a significant increase in whole-body BMD in the endurance-strength group was found. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups in the changes in the lumbar spine BMC. Furthermore, both training programs significantly improved physical capacity with no differences between groups. Endurance training was more effective in maintaining BMC at the lumbar spine. However, both groups did not differ in effect on BMD. Further studies with a long-term follow-up should be considered to confirm these findings. The study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register within the number DRKS00019832, and the date of registration was 26 February 2020 (retrospective registration).
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Wang K, Zhu Y, Wong SHS, Chen Y, Siu PMF, Baker JS, Sun F. Effects and dose-response relationship of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2829-2846. [PMID: 34399677 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1964800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to quantify the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by considering potential moderators and to characterise dose-response relationships of HIIT variables that could maximise CRF improvements in overweight and obese adults. Following a comprehensive search through four electronic databases, 19 studies met eligibility criteria. Random-effects models were applied to weight all included studies and to compute the weighted mean standardised mean differences (SMDwm). Meta-analysis showed that HIIT was a highly effective approach for improving CRF in overweight and obese adults (SMDwm = 1.13). Effects were modified by sex and baseline CRF level. Dose-response relationship analysis provided some preliminary data regarding the training period, training intensity, and session duration. However, it is still not possible to provide accurate recommendations currently. Further studies are still needed to identify the most appropriate training variables to prescribe effective HIIT programmes for improving CRF in overweight and obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Wang
- Department Of Health And Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department Of Health And Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department Of Sports Science And Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department Of Maternal And Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- Division Of Kinesiology, School Of Public Health, University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department Of Sport And Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department Of Health And Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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van Baak MA, Pramono A, Battista F, Beaulieu K, Blundell JE, Busetto L, Carraça EV, Dicker D, Encantado J, Ermolao A, Farpour-Lambert N, Woodward E, Bellicha A, Oppert JM. Effect of different types of regular exercise on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 4:e13239. [PMID: 33939229 PMCID: PMC8365680 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review examined the effect of exercise training interventions on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and compared the effectiveness of different types of exercise training. Four electronic databases were searched. Articles were included if they described randomized controlled trials of exercise training interventions and their effect on maximal oxygen consumption or muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Changes in outcome parameters were analyzed using random effects meta-analyses for different training types (aerobic, resistance, combined aerobic plus resistance, and high-intensity interval training). Eighty-eight articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of which 66 (3964 participants) could be included in the meta-analyses. All training types increased VO2max (mean difference 3.82 ml/min/kg (95% CI 3.17, 4.48), P < 0.00001; I2 = 48%). In direct comparisons, resistance training was less effective in improving VO2max than aerobic training, HIIT was slightly more effective than aerobic training, and no difference between aerobic and combined aerobic plus resistance training was found. For muscle strength benefits, incorporation of resistance exercise in the training program is indicated. Exercise training increases VO2max and muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Differences between training types should be weighed with other needs and preferences when health professionals advise on exercise training to improve physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen A van Baak
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriyan Pramono
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John E Blundell
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group (ACEB), School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF), London, UK
| | - Eliana V Carraça
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dror Dicker
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF), London, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jorge Encantado
- APPsyCI - Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, ISPA - University Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nathalie Farpour-Lambert
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF), London, UK.,Obesity Prevention and Care Program Contrepoids. Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Patient Education, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Euan Woodward
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF), London, UK
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Paris, France.,University Paris-Est Créteil, UFR SESS-STAPS, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Jansen E, de Groot S, Smit CA, Thijssen DHJ, Te Hopman M, Janssen TWJ. Vascular adaptations in nonstimulated areas during hybrid cycling or handcycling in people with a spinal cord injury: a pilot study of 10 cases. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2021; 7:54. [PMID: 34193818 PMCID: PMC8245507 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-021-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Sub-study of a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVES To examine if hybrid cycling (cycling with the legs via electrical stimulation combined with voluntary handcycling) compared to handcycling leads to different systemic vascular adaptations in individuals with a long-term spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Two rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands. METHODS Ten individuals with a SCI trained on a hybrid bicycle (N = 5) or a handcycle (N = 5) for 16 weeks twice a week. Prior to and following the training the intima media thickness (IMT) of the common coronary artery (CCA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) were measured and the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) was analyzed. RESULTS Before training, there were no significant differences in any of the outcome measures between the groups. We found no change in CCA IMT (pre: 0.616 mm, post: 0.586 mm), or in SFA (pre: 0.512 mm, post: 0.520 mm) after hybrid cycling. We also found no change in FMD % of BA after hybrid cycling (pre: 9.040%, post: 9.220%). There were no changes in CCA IMT, SFA IMT, and FMD% after handcycling either. CONCLUSIONS It appears that 16 weeks of twice-weekly training of up to 30 min on a hybrid bicycle or handcycle does not lead to systemic vascular adaptations. A larger sample size and training protocol with more frequent and higher intensity training (which might involve a home-based setting and an adapted period prior to the training) might show different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Jansen
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Centre Basalt Wassenaarseweg 501, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise at Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Jamka M, Mądry E, Krzyżanowska-Jankowska P, Skrypnik D, Szulińska M, Mądry R, Lisowska A, Batyrova G, Duś-Żuchowska M, Gotz-Więckowska A, Bogdański P, Walkowiak J. The effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in abdominally obese women: a randomised trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12339. [PMID: 34117276 PMCID: PMC8196030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies comparing the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on cardiometabolic markers provided inconsistent results. Therefore, the study aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in abdominally obese women. In this randomised trial, 101 subjects were included and divided into endurance (n = 52) and endurance-strength (n = 49) training. During the 12-week intervention, participants performed supervised one-hour training three times a week. Body composition, blood pressure (BP), markers of glucose and lipid homeostasis, and myoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention. In total, 85 subjects completed the trial. Both interventions decreased fat mass and visceral adipose tissue and increased free fat mass, appendicular lean mass index and lean mass index. Neither endurance training nor endurance-strength training affected glucose and lipid metabolism. However, only endurance training significantly decreased paraoxonase and myoglobin levels. Both training programmes significantly decreased BP, with a more reduction of diastolic BP noted in the endurance group. In conclusion, both training programmes had a favourable effect on body composition but did not improve glucose and lipid homeostasis. Besides, endurance training decreased paraoxonase activity and myoglobin levels and was more effective in reducing BP.The study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) within the number: DRKS00019832 (retrospective registration), date of registration: 26/02/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jamka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego Str. 6, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 82, 60-569, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 82, 60-569, Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Mądry
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 84, 60-569, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Clinical Auxology and Pediatric Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Gulnara Batyrova
- Department of Laboratory and Visual Diagnostics, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Maresyev Str. 68, Aktobe, 030019, Kazakhstan
| | - Monika Duś-Żuchowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gotz-Więckowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 84, 60-569, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 82, 60-569, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland.
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den Uijl I, ter Hoeve N, Sunamura M, Lenzen MJ, Braakhuis HEM, Stam HJ, Boersma E, van den Berg-Emons RJG. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Does Body Mass Index Matter? Phys Ther 2021; 101:6292151. [PMID: 34089325 PMCID: PMC8459883 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) class and physical activity and sedentary behavior in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during cardiac rehabilitation (CR). METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of the OPTICARE trial. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured in participants with ACS (n = 359) using actigraphy at baseline, directly after completion of a multidisciplinary 12-week exercise-based CR program and 9 months thereafter. Outcome measures were step count and duration of time (percentage of wear time) spent in light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Participants were classified as normal weight (BMI = 18.5-24.99 kg/m2; n = 82), overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.99 kg/m2; n = 182), or obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2; n = 95). Linear mixed-effects models were applied to study the relationship between BMI class and physical activity and sedentary behavior. RESULTS At the start of CR, compared with participants with normal weight, participants with obesity made on average 1.11 steps fewer per minute (952 steps/d), spent 2.9% (25 min/d) less time in light physical activity, and spent 3.31% (28 min/d) more time in sedentary behavior. Participants of all BMI classes improved their physical activity and sedentary behavior levels similarly during CR, and these improvements were maintained after completion of CR. CONCLUSION Participants with ACS who had obesity started CR with a less favorable physical activity and sedentary behavior profile than that of participants with normal weight. Because all BMI classes showed similar improvement during CR, this deficit was preserved. IMPACT This study indicates that reconsideration of the CR program in the Netherlands for patients with ACS and obesity is warranted, and development of more inclusive interventions for specific populations is needed. A new program for people with obesity should include added counseling on increasing physical activity and preventing sedentary behavior to facilitate weight loss and reduce mortality risk. LAY SUMMARY People with ACS who have obesity are less active and sit more than individuals with normal weight, both during and after CR. This study suggests that CR needs to be changed to help individuals increase their physical activity to help them lose weight and reduce their risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris den Uijl
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Address all correspondence to Ms den Uijl at:
| | - Nienke ter Hoeve
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mattie J Lenzen
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E M Braakhuis
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk J Stam
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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45
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Guía ESC 2020 sobre cardiología del deporte y el ejercicio en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Pelliccia A, Sharma S, Gati S, Bäck M, Börjesson M, Caselli S, Collet JP, Corrado D, Drezner JA, Halle M, Hansen D, Heidbuchel H, Myers J, Niebauer J, Papadakis M, Piepoli MF, Prescott E, Roos-Hesselink JW, Graham Stuart A, Taylor RS, Thompson PD, Tiberi M, Vanhees L, Wilhelm M. 2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:17-96. [PMID: 32860412 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 234.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Callahan MJ, Parr EB, Snijders T, Conceição MS, Radford BE, Timmins RG, Devlin BL, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Responses to Different Types of Short-Term Exercise Training and Detraining in Middle-Age Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2023-2036. [PMID: 33867497 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether short-term, single-mode exercise training can improve physical fitness prior to a period of reduced physical activity (e.g. post-surgery recovery) is not well characterized in clinical populations nor middle-age adults. We investigated skeletal muscle adaptive responses following endurance exercise training (ENT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or resistance exercise training (RET), and a subsequent period of detraining, in sedentary, middle-age men. METHODS Thirty-five sedentary, males (39±3 yr) were randomized to parallel groups and undertook six weeks of either ENT (n=12), HIIT (n=12) or RET (n=11) followed by 2.5 weeks of detraining. Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics, body composition, muscle thickness, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, resting energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis were assessed at baseline, and after exercise training and detraining. RESULTS Lean mass increased after RET and HIIT (+3.2±1.6% and +1.6±2.1%, P<0.05). Muscle strength (sum of leg press, leg extension and bench press 1RMs) increased after all training interventions (RET: +25±5%; HIIT: +10±5%; ENT: +7±7%, P<0.05). Aerobic capacity increased only after HIIT and ENT (+14±7% and +11±11%, P<0.05). Type I and II muscle fiber size increased for all groups post-training (main effect of time, P<0.05). Following a period of detraining, the gains in lean mass and maximal muscle strength were maintained in RET and HIIT groups, but maximal aerobic capacity declined below post-training levels in HIIT and ENT (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Six weeks of HIIT induced widespread adaptations prior to detraining in middle-age men. Exercise training-induced increases in aerobic capacity declined during 2.5 weeks of detraining but gains in lean mass and muscle strength were maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Callahan
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Australia Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jamka M, Bogdański P, Krzyżanowska-Jankowska P, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka A, Karolkiewicz J, Duś-Żuchowska M, Mądry R, Lisowska A, Gotz-Więckowska A, Iskakova S, Walkowiak J, Mądry E. Endurance Training Depletes Antioxidant System but Does Not Affect Endothelial Functions in Women with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Trial with a Comparison to Endurance-Strength Training. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081639. [PMID: 33921520 PMCID: PMC8068807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited data suggested that inclusion of a strength component into endurance exercises might intensify the beneficial effect of training. However, the available data is limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on anthropometric parameters, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, antioxidant status, and inflammatory markers in abdominally obese women without serious comorbidities. A total of 101 women were recruited and randomly divided into endurance (n = 52) and endurance-strength (n = 49) groups. During the three-month intervention, both groups performed supervised sixty-minute training three times a week. All studied parameters were measured pre- and post-intervention period. In total, 85 women completed the study. Both training significantly decreased anthropometric parameters. Besides, endurance training decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase, central aortic systolic pressure, pulse wave velocity, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), interleukin (IL) 8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, while endurance-strength training decreased MMP-2 concentrations, and increased IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and MMP-9 levels. We observed significant differences between groups for GSH, TAS, and MMP-9 levels. In summary, endurance and endurance-strength training did not differ in the impact on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. However, endurance training significantly depleted the antioxidant defense, simultaneously reducing MMP-9 levels. The study was retrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Register within the number DRKS00019832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jamka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (P.K.-J.); (A.M.-C.); (M.D.-Ż.)
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 82, 60-569 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (P.K.-J.); (A.M.-C.); (M.D.-Ż.)
| | - Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (P.K.-J.); (A.M.-C.); (M.D.-Ż.)
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Str. 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Monika Duś-Żuchowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (P.K.-J.); (A.M.-C.); (M.D.-Ż.)
| | - Radosław Mądry
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Clinical Auxology and Pediatric Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Gotz-Więckowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Saule Iskakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Tole Bi Str. 94, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (P.K.-J.); (A.M.-C.); (M.D.-Ż.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-491-432
| | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego Str. 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
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Delivery Approaches Within Exercise Referral Schemes: A Survey of Current Practice in England. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:357-373. [PMID: 33730692 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise referral schemes in England offer referred participants an opportunity to take part in an exercise prescription in a nonclinical environment. The aim of these schemes is to effect clinical health benefits, yet there is limited evidence of schemes' effectiveness, which could be due to the heterogeneity in design, implementation, and evaluation. Additionally, there has been no concerted effort to map program characteristics. OBJECTIVE To understand what key delivery approaches are currently used within exercise referral schemes in England. METHODS Across England, a total of 30 schemes with a combined total of 85,259 exercise referral scheme participants completed a Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template-guided questionnaire. The questionnaire explored program delivery, nonexercise components, and program management. RESULTS Results found that program delivery varied, though many schemes were typically 12 weeks in length, offering participants 2 exercise sessions in a fitness gym or studio per week, using a combination of exercises. Adherence was typically measured through attendance, with nonexercise components and program management varying by scheme. CONCLUSION This research provides a snapshot of current delivery approaches and supports the development of a large-scale mapping exercise to review further schemes across the whole of the United Kingdom in order to provide evidence of best practice and delivery approaches nationwide.
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Hu M, Kong Z, Sun S, Zou L, Shi Q, Chow BC, Nie J. Interval training causes the same exercise enjoyment as moderate-intensity training to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in young Chinese women with elevated BMI. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1677-1686. [PMID: 33634738 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1892946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of 12 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak), body composition and physical activity enjoyment in overweight young women. Sixty-six participants (age 21.2 ± 1.4 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.0 ± 3.0 kg·m-2, body fat percentage 39.0 ± 2.8%) were randomly assigned to non-exercise control (CON), thrice-weekly SIT (80 × 6 s "all-out" cycling interspersed with 9 s rest), and HIIT (4 min cycling at 90% VO2peak followed with 3 min recovery for ~ 60 min) or MICT (~ 65 min continuous cycling at 60% VO2peak) with equivalent mechanical work (200/300 KJ). Compared to the CON group, all three training groups had significant and similar improvements in VO2peak (~ +20%, d = 2.5-3.4), fat mass (~ -10%, d = 1.3-2.1) and body fat percentage (~ -5%, d = 1.0-1.1) after a 12-week intervention. Similar high levels of enjoyment were observed among groups for most (~70%) of the training sessions. The findings suggest that the three training regimes are equally enjoyable and could result in similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in overweight/obese young women, but SIT is a more time-efficient strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Hu
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengyan Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China
| | - Bik Chu Chow
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China
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