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Bauset C, Carda-Diéguez M, Cejudo-Garcés A, Buetas E, Seco-Cervera M, Macias-Ceja DC, Navarro-Vicente F, Esplugues JV, Calatayud S, Mira Á, Ortiz-Masiá D, Barrachina MD, Cosín-Roger J. A disturbed metabolite-GPCR axis is associated with microbial dysbiosis in IBD patients: Potential role of GPR109A in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167489. [PMID: 39233260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by disrupted immune function. Indeed, gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolomic profile alterations, are hallmarks of IBD. In this scenario, metabolite-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), involved in several biological processes, have emerged as pivotal players in the pathophysiology of IBD. The aim of this study was to characterize the axis microbiota-metabolite-GPCR in intestinal surgical resections from IBD patients. Results showed that UC patients had a lower microbiota richness and bacterial load, with a higher proportion of the genus Cellulosimicrobium and a reduced proportion of Escherichia, whereas CD patients showed a decreased abundance of Enterococcus. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in carboxylic acids, fatty acids, and amino acids in UC and CD samples. These patients also exhibited upregulated expression of most metabolite-sensing GPCRs analysed, which positively correlated with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers. The role of GPR109A was studied in depth and increased expression of this receptor was detected in epithelial cells and cells from lamina propria, including CD68+ macrophages, in IBD patients. The treatment with β-hydroxybutyrate increased gene expression of GPR109A, CD86, IL1B and NOS2 in U937-derived macrophages. Besides, when GPR109A was transiently silenced, the mRNA expression and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were impaired in M1 macrophages. Finally, the secretome from siGPR109A M1 macrophages reduced the gene and protein expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 in intestinal fibroblasts. A better understanding of metabolite-sensing GPCRs, such as GPR109A, could establish their potential as therapeutic targets for managing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bauset
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Cejudo-Garcés
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Buetas
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Vicente Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masiá
- CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigaciones en Red Enfermedad Hepática y Digestiva), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Binienda A, Fichna J. Current understanding of free fatty acids and their receptors in colorectal cancer treatment. Nutr Res 2024; 127:133-143. [PMID: 38943731 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Currently, dietary factors are being emphasized in the pathogenesis of CRC. There is strong evidence that fatty acids (FAs) and free FA receptors (FFARs) are involved in CRC. This comprehensive review discusses the role of FAs and their receptors in CRC pathophysiology, development, and treatment. In particular, butyrate and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been found to exert anticancer properties by, among others, inhibiting proliferation and metastasis and inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. Consequently, they are used in conjunction with conventional therapies. Furthermore, FFAR gene expression is down-regulated in CRC, suggesting their suppressive character. Recent studies showed that the FFAR4 agonist, GW9508, can inhibit tumor growth. In conclusion, natural as well as synthetic FFAR ligands are considered promising candidates for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Cho H, Huh KM, Cho HJ, Kim B, Shim MS, Cho YY, Lee JY, Lee HS, Kwon YJ, Kang HC. Beyond nanoparticle-based oral drug delivery: transporter-mediated absorption and disease targeting. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3045-3067. [PMID: 38712883 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Various strategies at the microscale/nanoscale have been developed to improve oral absorption of therapeutics. Among them, gastrointestinal (GI)-transporter/receptor-mediated nanosized drug delivery systems (NDDSs) have drawn attention due to their many benefits, such as improved water solubility, improved chemical/physical stability, improved oral absorption, and improved targetability of their payloads. Their therapeutic potential in disease animal models (e.g., solid tumors, virus-infected lungs, metastasis, diabetes, and so on) has been investigated, and could be expanded to disease targeting after systemic/lymphatic circulation, although the detailed paths and mechanisms of endocytosis, endosomal escape, intracellular trafficking, and exocytosis through the epithelial cell lining in the GI tract are still unclear. Thus, this review summarizes and discusses potential GI transporters/receptors, their absorption and distribution, in vivo studies, and potential sequential targeting (e.g., oral absorption and disease targeting in organs/tissues).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bogeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Regulated Cell Death (RCD) Control Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Regulated Cell Death (RCD) Control Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Regulated Cell Death (RCD) Control Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Regulated Cell Death (RCD) Control Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
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Vagnerová K, Hudcovic T, Vodička M, Ergang P, Klusoňová P, Petr Hermanová P, Šrůtková D, Pácha J. The effect of oral butyrate on colonic short-chain fatty acid transporters and receptors depends on microbial status. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1341333. [PMID: 38595917 PMCID: PMC11002167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1341333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a metabolite produced by gut bacteria, has demonstrated beneficial effects in the colon and has been used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the mechanism by which butyrate operates remains incompletely understood. Given that oral butyrate can exert either a direct impact on the gut mucosa or an indirect influence through its interaction with the gut microbiome, this study aimed to investigate three key aspects: (1) whether oral intake of butyrate modulates the expression of genes encoding short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) transporters (Slc16a1, Slc16a3, Slc16a4, Slc5a8, Abcg2) and receptors (Hcar2, Ffar2, Ffar3, Olfr78, Olfr558) in the colon, (2) the potential involvement of gut microbiota in this modulation, and (3) the impact of oral butyrate on the expression of colonic SCFA transporters and receptors during colonic inflammation. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice with or without DSS-induced inflammation were provided with either water or a 0.5% sodium butyrate solution. The findings revealed that butyrate decreased the expression of Slc16a1, Slc5a8, and Hcar2 in SPF but not in GF mice, while it increased the expression of Slc16a3 in GF and the efflux pump Abcg2 in both GF and SPF animals. Moreover, the presence of microbiota was associated with the upregulation of Hcar2, Ffar2, and Ffar3 expression and the downregulation of Slc16a3. Interestingly, the challenge with DSS did not alter the expression of SCFA transporters, regardless of the presence or absence of microbiota, and the effect of butyrate on the transporter expression in SPF mice remained unaffected by DSS. The expression of SCFA receptors was only partially affected by DSS. Our results indicate that (1) consuming a relatively low concentration of butyrate can influence the expression of colonic SCFA transporters and receptors, with their expression being modulated by the gut microbiota, (2) the effect of butyrate does not appear to result from direct substrate-induced regulation but rather reflects an indirect effect associated with the gut microbiome, and (3) acute colon inflammation does not lead to significant changes in the transcriptional regulation of most SCFA transporters and receptors, with the effect of butyrate in the inflamed colon remaining intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vagnerová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Klusoňová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Dagmar Šrůtková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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5
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Piccolo BD, Graham JL, Tabor-Simecka L, Randolph CE, Moody B, Robeson MS, Kang P, Fox R, Lan R, Pack L, Woford N, Yeruva L, LeRoith T, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ. Colonic epithelial hypoxia remains constant during the progression of diabetes in male UC Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003813. [PMID: 38453236 PMCID: PMC10921531 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colonocyte oxidation of bacterial-derived butyrate has been reported to maintain synergistic obligate anaerobe populations by reducing colonocyte oxygen levels; however, it is not known whether this process is disrupted during the progression of type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to determine whether diabetes influences colonocyte oxygen levels in the University of California Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rat model. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Age-matched male UCD-T2DM rats (174±4 days) prior to the onset of diabetes (PD, n=15), within 1 month post-onset (RD, n=12), and 3 months post-onset (D3M, n=12) were included in this study. Rats were administered an intraperitoneal injection of pimonidazole (60 mg/kg body weight) 1 hour prior to euthanasia and tissue collection to estimate colonic oxygen levels. Colon tissue was fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and processed for immunohistochemical detection of pimonidazole. The colonic microbiome was assessed by 16S gene rRNA amplicon sequencing and content of short-chain fatty acids was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS HbA1c % increased linearly across the PD (5.9±0.1), RD (7.6±0.4), and D3M (11.5±0.6) groups, confirming the progression of diabetes in this cohort. D3M rats had a 2.5% increase in known facultative anaerobes, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus (false discovery rate <0.05) genera in colon contents. The intensity of pimonidazole staining of colonic epithelia did not differ across groups (p=0.37). Colon content concentrations of acetate and propionate also did not differ across UCD-T2DM groups; however, colonic butyric acid levels were higher in D3M rats relative to PD rats (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The advancement of diabetes in UCD-T2DM rats was associated with an increase in facultative anaerobes; however, this was not explained by changes in colonocyte oxygen levels. The mechanisms underlying shifts in gut microbe populations associated with the progression of diabetes in the UCD-T2DM rat model remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Piccolo
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Christopher E Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Becky Moody
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael S Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ping Kang
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Renee Fox
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Renny Lan
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lindsay Pack
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Noah Woford
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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6
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El Tekle G, Andreeva N, Garrett WS. The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:453-478. [PMID: 38345904 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-025619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Studies in preclinical models support that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specific microbial species and their corresponding virulence factors or associated small molecules can contribute to CRC development and progression either via direct effects on the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells or through interactions with the host immune system. Induction of DNA damage, activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB proinflammatory pathways, and alteration of the nutrient's availability and the metabolic activity of cancer cells are the main mechanisms by which the microbiota contribute to CRC. Within the tumor microenvironment, the gut microbiota alter the recruitment, activation, and function of various immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Additionally, the microbiota shape the function and composition of cancer-associated fibroblasts and extracellular matrix components, fashioning an immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic niche for CRC. Understanding the complex interplay between gut microbiota and tumorigenesis can provide therapeutic opportunities for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geniver El Tekle
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- The Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalia Andreeva
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- The Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- The Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Fu SC, Qu JY, Li LX, Yang XX, Li YQ, Zuo XL. Excessive Mitochondrial Fission Suppresses Mucosal Repair by Impairing Butyrate Metabolism in Colonocytes. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:114-124. [PMID: 37454276 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal healing is one of the principal therapeutic targets for ulcerative colitis (UC). Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo constant fusion and fission; however, the process that is most conducive to mucosal healing remains unclear. This study investigated the role of mitochondrial fission in mucosal healing in UC patients. METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunostaining were used to detect mitochondrial fission in UC patients and a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model. Colonic organoids were used to investigate the role of mitochondrial fission in butyrate metabolism. Enzyme activity assays were performed to identify the key proteins involved in this mechanism. RESULTS It was found that inhibition of mitochondrial fission promoted mucosal healing in mice and that there was an increase in mitochondrial fission in colonic epithelial cells of UC patients. Excessive fission inhibits stem cell proliferation by impairing butyrate metabolism in colonic organoids. The mitochondrial fission antagonist P110 failed to promote mucosal healing in antibiotic-treated mice, and the addition of exogenous butyrate reversed this effect. Increased butyrate exposure in the colonic stem cell niche has also been observed in UC patients. Mechanistically, enzyme activity assays on colonic organoids revealed that excessive fission inhibits mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity via reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data indicate that excessive mitochondrial fission suppresses mucosal repair by inhibiting butyrate metabolism and provides a potential target for mucosal healing in patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chen Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun-Yan Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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8
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Chi W, Kang N, Sheng L, Liu S, Tao L, Cao X, Liu Y, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Wu B, Chen R, Cheng L, Wang J, Sun X, Liu X, Deng H, Yang J, Li Z, Liu W, Chen L. MCT1-governed pyruvate metabolism is essential for antibody class-switch recombination through H3K27 acetylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:163. [PMID: 38167945 PMCID: PMC10762154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) exhibits essential roles in cellular metabolism and energy supply. Although MCT1 is highly expressed in activated B cells, it is not clear how MCT1-governed monocarboxylates transportation is functionally coupled to antibody production during the glucose metabolism. Here, we report that B cell-lineage deficiency of MCT1 significantly influences the class-switch recombination (CSR), rendering impaired IgG antibody responses in Mct1f/fMb1Cre mice after immunization. Metabolic flux reveals that glucose metabolism is significantly reprogrammed from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in Mct1-deficient B cells upon activation. Consistently, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), is severely suppressed in Mct1-deficient B cells due to the decreased level of pyruvate metabolite. Mechanistically, MCT1 is required to maintain the optimal concentration of pyruvate to secure the sufficient acetylation of H3K27 for the elevated transcription of AID in activated B cells. Clinically, we found that MCT1 expression levels are significantly upregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and Mct1 deficiency can alleviate the symptoms of bm12-induced murine lupus model. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MCT1-mediated pyruvate metabolism is required for IgG antibody CSR through an epigenetic dependent AID transcription, revealing MCT1 as a potential target for vaccine development and SLE disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Chi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Na Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sichen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xizhi Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Can Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bolong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruiqun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lili Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Center for Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- National Center for Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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9
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Hamed SA, Mohan A, Navaneetha Krishnan S, Wang A, Drikic M, Prince NL, Lewis IA, Shearer J, Keita ÅV, Söderholm JD, Shutt TE, McKay DM. Butyrate reduces adherent-invasive E. coli-evoked disruption of epithelial mitochondrial morphology and barrier function: involvement of free fatty acid receptor 3. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2281011. [PMID: 38078655 PMCID: PMC10730202 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2281011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria provide benefits to the host and have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) pathobionts (e.g., strain LF82) are associated with Crohn's disease. E. coli-LF82 causes fragmentation of the epithelial mitochondrial network, leading to increased epithelial permeability. We hypothesized that butyrate would limit the epithelial mitochondrial disruption caused by E. coli-LF82. Human colonic organoids and the T84 epithelial cell line infected with E. coli-LF82 (MOI = 100, 4 h) showed a significant increase in mitochondrial network fission that was reduced by butyrate (10 mM) co-treatment. Butyrate reduced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by E. coli-LF82 and increased expression of PGC-1α mRNA, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Metabolomics revealed that butyrate significantly altered E. coli-LF82 central carbon metabolism leading to diminished glucose uptake and increased succinate secretion. Correlating with preservation of mitochondrial network form/function, butyrate reduced E. coli-LF82 transcytosis across T84-cell monolayers. The use of the G-protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin, implicated GPCR signaling as critical to the effect of butyrate, and the free fatty acid receptor three (FFAR3, GPR41) agonist, AR420626, reproduced butyrate's effect in terms of ameliorating the loss of barrier function and reducing the mitochondrial fragmentation observed in E. coli-LF82 infected T84-cells and organoids. These data indicate that butyrate helps maintain epithelial mitochondrial form/function when challenged by E. coli-LF82 and that this occurs, at least in part, via FFAR3. Thus, loss of butyrate-producing bacteria in IBD in the context of pathobionts would contribute to loss of epithelial mitochondrial and barrier functions that could evoke disease and/or exaggerate a low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira A. Hamed
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Armaan Mohan
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Saranya Navaneetha Krishnan
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Arthur Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marija Drikic
- Calgary Metabolomics Research Facility, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nicole L. Prince
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ian A. Lewis
- Calgary Metabolomics Research Facility, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Åsa V. Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan D. Söderholm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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10
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D'Antongiovanni V, Antonioli L, Benvenuti L, Pellegrini C, Di Salvo C, Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Ryskalin L, Natale G, Banni S, Carta G, Ghelardi E, Fornai M. Use of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 as therapeutic strategy for prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced intestinal injury. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3215-3233. [PMID: 37519261 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be associated with severe adverse digestive effects. This study examined the protective effects of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in a rat model of diclofenac-induced enteropathy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Enteropathy was induced in 40-week-old male rats by intragastric diclofenac (4 mg·kg-1 BID for 14 days). S. boulardii CNCM I-745 (3 g·kg-1 BID by oral gavage) was administered starting 14 days before (preventive protocol) or along with (curative protocol) diclofenac administration. Ileal damage, inflammation, barrier integrity, gut microbiota composition and toll-like receptors (TLRs)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway were evaluated. KEY RESULTS Diclofenac elicited intestinal damage, along with increments of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1β, overexpression of TLR2/4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) and NF-κB p65, increased faecal calprotectin and butyrate levels, and decreased blood haemoglobin levels, occludin and butyrate transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression. In addition, diclofenac provoked a shift of bacterial taxa in both faecal and ileal samples. Treatment with S. boulardii CNCM I-745, in both preventive and curative protocols, counteracted the majority of these deleterious changes. Only preventive administration of the probiotic counteracted NSAID-induced decreased expression of MCT1 and increase in faecal butyrate levels. Occludin expression, after probiotic treatment, did not significantly change. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Treatment with S. boulardii CNCM I-745 prevents diclofenac-induced enteropathy through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Such effects are likely to be related to increased tissue butyrate bioavailability, through an improvement of butyrate uptake by the enteric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Natale
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Fu Y, Lyu J, Wang S. The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277102. [PMID: 37876938 PMCID: PMC10591221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut is colonized by many commensal microorganisms, and the diversity and metabolic patterns of microorganisms profoundly influence the intestinal health. These microbial imbalances can lead to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microorganisms produce byproducts that act as signaling molecules, triggering the immune system in the gut mucosa and controlling inflammation. For example, metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secondary bile acids can release inflammatory-mediated signals by binding to specific receptors. These metabolites indirectly affect host health and intestinal immunity by interacting with the intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. Moreover, Tryptophan-derived metabolites also play a role in governing the immune response by binding to aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR) located on the intestinal mucosa, enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier. Dietary-derived indoles, which are synthetic precursors of AHR ligands, work together with SCFA and secondary bile acids to reduce stress on the intestinal epithelium and regulate inflammation. This review highlights the interaction between gut microbial metabolites and the intestinal immune system, as well as the crosstalk of dietary fiber intake in improving the host microbial metabolism and its beneficial effects on the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Lyu
- Department of Pathology, the First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Pant K, Venugopal SK, Lorenzo Pisarello MJ, Gradilone SA. The Role of Gut Microbiome-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate in Hepatobiliary Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1455-1467. [PMID: 37422149 PMCID: PMC10548274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acid butyrate, produced from fermentable carbohydrates by gut microbiota in the colon, has multiple beneficial effects on human health. At the intestinal level, butyrate regulates metabolism, helps in the transepithelial transport of fluids, inhibits inflammation, and induces the epithelial defense barrier. The liver receives a large amount of short-chain fatty acids via the blood flowing from the gut via the portal vein. Butyrate helps prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, inflammation, cancer, and liver injuries. It ameliorates metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and obesity, and plays a direct role in preventing fatty liver diseases. Butyrate has different mechanisms of action, including strong regulatory effects on the expression of many genes by inhibiting the histone deacetylases and modulating cellular metabolism. The present review highlights the wide range of beneficial therapeutic and unfavorable adverse effects of butyrate, with a high potential for clinically important uses in several liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.
| | - Senthil K Venugopal
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Maria J Lorenzo Pisarello
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA), National Council of Scientific and Technological Research, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina; Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sergio A Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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13
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Couto M, Andrade N, Magro F, Martel F. Taurocholate uptake by Caco-2 cells is inhibited by pro-inflammatory cytokines and butyrate. Cytokine 2023; 169:156307. [PMID: 37487380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic and life-threating inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The active intestinal absorption of bile salts is reduced in IBD, resulting in higher luminal concentrations of these agents that contribute to the pathophysiology of IBD-associated diarrhea. Butyrate (BT) is a short-chain fatty acid produced by colonic bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers. BT utilization is impaired in the intestinal inflamed mucosa of IBD patients. Our aim was to investigate the link between IBD and bile acid absorption, by testing the effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ and of BT upon 3H-TC uptake by Caco-2 cells. The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ inhibit Na+-independent, non-ASBT (sodium-dependent bile acid transporter)-mediated 3H-TC uptake by Caco-2 cells. The inhibitory effect of these cytokines on Na+-independent 3H-TC uptake is PI3K- and JAK/STAT1-mediated. These two compounds upregulate ASBT expression levels, but no corresponding increase in Na+-dependent component of 3H-TC is observed. Moreover, BT was also found to inhibit 3H-TC uptake and showed an additive effect with IFN-γ in reducing 3H-TC uptake. We conclude that an interaction between BT and bile acids appears to exist in IBD, which may participate in the link between diet, microbiota and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Couto
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Lan A, Guerbette T, Andriamihaja M, Magnin B, Bordet M, Ferron PJ, Burel A, Viel R, Fromenty B, Corlu A, Blachier F, Bouguen G. Mitochondrial remodeling and energy metabolism adaptations in colonic crypts during spontaneous epithelial repair after colitis induction in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:224-233. [PMID: 37315703 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal healing has emerged as a therapeutic goal to achieve lasting clinical remission in ulcerative colitis. Intestinal repair in response to inflammation presumably requires higher energy supplies for the restoration of intestinal barrier and physiological functions. However, epithelial energy metabolism during intestinal mucosal healing has been little studied, whereas inflammation-induced alterations have been reported in the main energy production site, the mitochondria. The aim of the present work was to assess the involvement of mitochondrial activity and the events influencing their function during spontaneous epithelial repair after colitis induction in mouse colonic crypts. The results obtained show adaptations of colonocyte metabolism during colitis to ensure maximal ATP production for supporting energetic demand by both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in a context of decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and through mitochondrial function restoration during colon epithelial repair. In parallel, colitis-induced mitochondrial ROS production in colonic epithelial cells was rapidly associated with transient expression of GSH-related enzymes. Mitochondrial respiration in colonic crypts was markedly increased during both inflammatory and recovery phases despite decreased expression of several mitochondrial respiratory chain complex subunits after colitis induction. Rapid induction of mitochondrial fusion was associated with mitochondrial function restoration. Finally, in contrast with the kinetics expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and in glycolysis, the expression of glutaminase was markedly reduced in the colonic crypts both during colitis and repair phases. Overall, our data suggest that the epithelial repair after colitis induction is characterized by a rapid and transient increased capacity for mitochondrial ATP production in a context of apparent restoration of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic reorientation of energy production. The potential implication of energy production adaptations within colonic crypts to sustain mucosal healing in a context of altered fuel supply is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Lan
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France; Inserm, Univ Rennes, INRAE, UMR1317 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Thomas Guerbette
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, INRAE, UMR1317 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Benjamin Magnin
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, INRAE, UMR1317 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Martin Bordet
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, INRAE, UMR1317 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Ferron
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, INRAE, UMR1317 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- Biosit-Biogenouest, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Roselyne Viel
- Biosit-Biogenouest, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, INRAE, UMR1317 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, INRAE, UMR1317 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35000, Rennes, France
| | - François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Guillaume Bouguen
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, INRAE, UMR1317 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35000, Rennes, France; Service de Gastro-Entérologie, CHU Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
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15
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Cameron R, Duncanson K, Hoedt EC, Eslick GD, Burns GL, Nieva C, Keely S, Walker MM, Talley NJ. Does the microbiome play a role in the pathogenesis of colonic diverticular disease? A systematic review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1028-1039. [PMID: 36775316 PMCID: PMC10946483 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of the microbiota in diverticulosis and diverticular disease is underexplored. This systematic review aimed to assess all literature pertaining to the microbiota and metabolome associations in asymptomatic diverticulosis, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), and diverticulitis pathophysiology. METHODS Seven databases were searched for relevant studies published up to September 28, 2022. Data were screened in Covidence and extracted to Excel. Critical appraisal was undertaken using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for case/control studies. RESULTS Of the 413 papers screened by title and abstract, 48 full-text papers were reviewed in detail with 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Overall, alpha and beta diversity were unchanged in diverticulosis; however, significant changes in alpha diversity were evident in diverticulitis. A similar Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio compared with controls was reported across studies. The genus-level comparisons showed no relationship with diverticular disease. Butyrate-producing microbial species were decreased in abundance, suggesting a possible contribution to the pathogenesis of diverticular disease. Comamonas species was significantly increased in asymptomatic diverticulosis patients who later developed diverticulitis. Metabolome analysis reported significant differences in diverticulosis and SUDD, with upregulated uracil being the most consistent outcome in both. No significant differences were reported in the mycobiome. CONCLUSION Overall, there is no convincing evidence of microbial dysbiosis in colonic diverticula to suggest that the microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of asymptomatic diverticulosis, SUDD, or diverticular disease. Future research investigating microbiota involvement in colonic diverticula should consider an investigation of mucosa-associated microbial changes within the colonic diverticulum itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cameron
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Kerith Duncanson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Emily C Hoedt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Guy D Eslick
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Grace L Burns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Cheenie Nieva
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA)NewcastleAustralia
- Immune Health Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
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16
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Couto MR, Andrade N, Magro F, Martel F. Bile salts and proinflammatory cytokines inhibit MCT1-mediated cellular uptake of butyrate and interfere with its antiproliferative properties. Exp Cell Res 2023; 429:113670. [PMID: 37290498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate (BT) is important in the prevention and inhibition of colorectal cancer (CRC). Inflammatory bowel disease, a risk factor for CRC, is associated with higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and bile acids. The aim of this work was to investigate the interaction of these compounds in inhibiting BT uptake by Caco-2 cells, as a mechanism contributing to the link between IBD and CRC. TNF-α, IFN-γ, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) markedly reduce 14C-BT uptake. All these compounds appear to inhibit MCT1-mediated BT cellular uptake at a posttranscriptional level, and, because their effect is not additive, they are most probably inhibiting MCT1 by a similar mechanism. Correspondingly, the antiproliferative effect of BT (MCT1-dependent) and of the proinflammatory cytokines and CDCA were not additive. In contrast, the cytotoxic effect of BT (MCT1-independent) and of the proinflammatory cytokines and CDCA were additive. In conclusion, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and bile acids (DCA and CDCA) inhibit MCT1-mediated BT cellular uptake. These proinflammatory cytokines and CDCA were found to interfere with the antiproliferative effect of BT, mediated by an inhibitory effect upon MCT1-mediated cellular uptake of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda R Couto
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Guo XR, He CW, Gao H, Hua RX, Liang C, Du YX, Shang HW, Lu X, Xu JD. Insight into role of short chain fatty acids in regulating intestinal mucosal barrier and alleviating inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:928-940. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i21.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in maintaining the human intestinal environment has been gradually revealed. Therefore, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as the metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota, play a momentous part in regulating the balance between the function and morphology of the mucosal barrier, regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mucosal cells, protecting the integrity and permeability of the mucosal barrier, and maintainingthe stability of tight junctions. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with a disturbance of intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the intestinal immune responses, the etiology and pathogenesis of which, however, are not yet fully uncovered. Animal models and human studies have corroborated the contribution of SCFAs in enhancing the barrier function through protective effects. This review will summarize the potential role of SCFAs in IBD with regard to regulating intestinal function, hoping to provide a new target for clinical treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ran Guo
- 2019 Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong-Xuan Hua
- 2020 Clinical Medicine of "5+3" Program, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen Liang
- 2019 Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Du
- 2020 Oral Medicine of "5+3" Program, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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18
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The impact of inflammation on the expression of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes in colonic tissue from ulcerative colitis patients. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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19
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Yadav SK, Ito N, Mindur JE, Kumar H, Youssef M, Suresh S, Kulkarni R, Rosario Y, Balashov KE, Dhib-Jalbut S, Ito K. Fecal Lcn-2 level is a sensitive biological indicator for gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015372. [PMID: 36341389 PMCID: PMC9634083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been reported to be associated with intestinal inflammation and gut dysbiosis. To elucidate the underlying biology of MS-linked gut inflammation, we investigated gut infiltration of immune cells during the development of spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in humanized transgenic (Tg) mice expressing HLA-DR2a and human T cell receptor (TCR) specific for myelin basic protein peptide (MBP87-99)/HLA-DR2a complexes. Strikingly, we noted the simultaneous development of EAE and colitis, suggesting a link between autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and intestinal inflammation. Examination of the colon in these mice revealed the infiltration of MBP-specific Th17 cells as well as recruitment of neutrophils. Furthermore, we observed that fecal Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), a biomarker of intestinal inflammation, was significantly elevated and predominantly produced by the gut-infiltrating neutrophils. We then extended our findings to MS patients and demonstrate that their fecal Lcn-2 levels are significantly elevated compared to healthy donors (HDs). The elevation of fecal Lcn-2 levels correlated with reduced bacterial diversity and increased levels of other intestinal inflammation markers including neutrophil elastase and calprotectin. Of interest, bacteria thought to be beneficial for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Anaerobutyricum, Blautia, and Roseburia, were reduced in fecal Lcn-2-high MS patients. We also observed a decreasing trend in serum acetate (a short-chain fatty acid) levels in MS Lcn-2-high patients compared to HDs. Furthermore, a decrease in the relative abundance of Blautia massiliensis was significantly associated with a reduction of acetate in the serum of MS patients. This study suggests that gut infiltration of Th17 cells and recruitment of neutrophils are associated with the development of gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation, and that fecal Lcn-2 level is a sensitive biological indicator for gut dysbiosis in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K. Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Naoko Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - John E. Mindur
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Hetal Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Mysra Youssef
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Shradha Suresh
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ratuja Kulkarni
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Yaritza Rosario
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Konstantin E. Balashov
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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20
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van Deuren T, Blaak EE, Canfora EE. Butyrate to combat obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders: Current status and future implications for therapeutic use. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13498. [PMID: 35856338 PMCID: PMC9541926 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, a major end product of the bacterial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates, is reputed to have anti-inflammatory properties and positive effects on body weight control and insulin sensitivity. However, whether butyrate has therapeutic potential for the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-related complications remains to be elucidated. Overall, animal studies strongly indicate that butyrate administered via various routes (e.g., orally) positively affects adipose tissue metabolism and functioning, energy and substrate metabolism, systemic and tissue-specific inflammation, and insulin sensitivity and body weight control. A limited number of human studies demonstrated interindividual differences in clinical effectiveness suggesting that outcomes may depend on the metabolic, microbial, and lifestyle-related characteristics of the target population. Hence, despite abundant evidence from animal data, support of human data is urgently required for the implementation of evidence-based oral and gut-derived butyrate interventions. To increase the efficacy of butyrate-focused interventions, future research should investigate which factors impact treatment outcomes including baseline gut microbial activity and functionality, thereby optimizing targeted-interventions and identifying individuals that merit most from such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirza van Deuren
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Chlorogenic Acid and Quercetin in a Diet with Fermentable Fiber Influence Multiple Processes Involved in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis but Do Not Reduce Injury. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183706. [PMID: 36145086 PMCID: PMC9501002 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients often avoid foods containing fermentable fibers as some can promote symptoms during active disease. Pectin has been identified as a more protective fermentable fiber, but little has been done to determine the interaction between pectin and bioactive compounds present in foods containing that fiber type. Quercetin and chlorogenic acid, two bioactives in stone fruits, may have anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that quercetin and chlorogenic acid, in the presence of the fermentable fiber pectin, may suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, alter the luminal environment, and alter colonocyte proliferation, thereby protecting against recurring bouts of UC. Rats (n = 63) received one of three purified diets (control, 0.45% quercetin, 0.05% chlorogenic acid) containing 6% pectin for 3 weeks before exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3% for 48 h, 3x, 2 wk separation, n = 11/diet) in drinking water to initiate UC, or control (no DSS, n = 10/diet) treatments prior to termination at 9 weeks. DSS increased the fecal moisture content (p < 0.05) and SCFA concentrations (acetate, p < 0.05; butyrate, p < 0.05). Quercetin and chlorogenic acid diets maintained SLC5A8 (SCFA transporter) mRNA levels in DSS-treated rats at levels similar to those not exposed to DSS. DSS increased injury (p < 0.0001) and inflammation (p < 0.01) scores, with no differences noted due to diet. Compared to the control diet, chlorogenic acid decreased NF-κB activity in DSS-treated rats (p < 0.05). Quercetin and chlorogenic acid may contribute to the healthy regulation of NF-κB activation (via mRNA expression of IκΒα, Tollip, and IL-1). Quercetin enhanced injury-repair molecule FGF-2 expression (p < 0.01), but neither diet nor DSS treatment altered proliferation. Although quercetin and chlorogenic acid did not protect against overt indicators of injury and inflammation, or fecal SCFA concentrations, compared to the control diet, their influence on the expression of injury repair molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, SCFA transport proteins, and NF-κB inhibitory molecules suggests beneficial influences on major pathways involved in DSS-induced UC. Therefore, in healthy individuals or during periods of remission, quercetin and chlorogenic acid may promote a healthier colon, and may suppress some of the signaling involved in inflammation promotion during active disease.
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22
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Alrubia S, Mao J, Chen Y, Barber J, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Altered Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics in Crohn's Disease: Capturing Systems Parameters for PBPK to Assist with Predicting the Fate of Orally Administered Drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1365-1392. [PMID: 36056298 PMCID: PMC9553790 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Backgrond and Objective Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects a wide age range. Hence, CD patients receive a variety of drugs over their life beyond those used for CD itself. The changes to the integrity of the intestine and its drug metabolising enzymes and transporters (DMETs) can alter the oral bioavailability of drugs. However, there are other changes in systems parameters determining the fate of drugs in CD, and understanding these is essential for dose adjustment in patients with CD. Methods The current analysis gathered all the available clinical data on the kinetics of drugs in CD (by March 2021), focusing on orally administered small molecule drugs. A meta-analysis of the systems parameters affecting oral drug pharmacokinetics was conducted. The systems information gathered on intestine, liver and blood proteins and other physiological parameters was incorporated into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) platform to create a virtual population of CD patients, with a view for guiding dose adjustment in the absence of clinical data in CD. Results There were no uniform trends in the reported changes in reported oral bioavailability. The nature of the drug as well as the formulation affected the direction and magnitude of variation in kinetics in CD patients relative to healthy volunteers. Even for the same drug, the reported changes in exposure varied, possibly due to a lack of distinction between the activity states of CD. The highest alteration was seen with S-verapamil and midazolam, 8.7- and 5.3-fold greater exposure, respectively, in active CD patients relative to healthy volunteers. Only one report was available on liver DMETs in CD, and indicated reduced CYP3A4 activity. In a number of reports, mRNA expression of DMETs in the ileum and colon of CD patients was measured, focussing on P-glycoprotein (p-gp) transporter and CYP3A4 enzyme, and showed contradictory results. No data were available on protein expression in duodenum and jejunum despite their dominant role in oral drug absorption. Conclusion There are currently inadequate dedicated clinical or quantitative proteomic studies in CD to enable predictive PBPK models with high confidence and adequate verification. The PBPK models for CD with the available systems parameters were able to capture the major physiological influencers and the gaps to be filled by future research. Quantification of DMETs in the intestine and the liver in CD is warranted, alongside well-defined clinical drug disposition studies with a number of index drugs as biomarkers of changes in DMETs in these patients, to avoid large-scale dedicated studies for every drug to determine the effects of disease on the drug’s metabolism and disposition and the consequential safety and therapeutic concerns. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40262-022-01169-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alrubia
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jialin Mao
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, UK.
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23
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Holmes ZC, Villa MM, Durand HK, Jiang S, Dallow EP, Petrone BL, Silverman JD, Lin PH, David LA. Microbiota responses to different prebiotics are conserved within individuals and associated with habitual fiber intake. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:114. [PMID: 35902900 PMCID: PMC9336045 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from gut bacteria are associated with protective roles in diseases ranging from obesity to colorectal cancers. Intake of microbially accessible dietary fibers (prebiotics) lead to varying effects on SCFA production in human studies, and gut microbial responses to nutritional interventions vary by individual. It is therefore possible that prebiotic therapies will require customizing to individuals. RESULTS Here, we explored prebiotic personalization by conducting a three-way crossover study of three prebiotic treatments in healthy adults. We found that within individuals, metabolic responses were correlated across the three prebiotics. Individual identity, rather than prebiotic choice, was also the major determinant of SCFA response. Across individuals, prebiotic response was inversely related to basal fecal SCFA concentration, which, in turn, was associated with habitual fiber intake. Experimental measures of gut microbial SCFA production for each participant also negatively correlated with fiber consumption, supporting a model in which individuals' gut microbiota are limited in their overall capacity to produce fecal SCFAs from fiber. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support developing personalized prebiotic regimens that focus on selecting individuals who stand to benefit, and that such individuals are likely to be deficient in fiber intake. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Holmes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Max M. Villa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Heather K. Durand
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Sharon Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Eric P. Dallow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Brianna L. Petrone
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Justin D. Silverman
- College of Information Science and Technology, Penn State University, Westgate Bldg, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Westgate Bldg, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Science, Penn State University, Westgate Bldg, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Stedman Nutrition Ctr, 3475 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Stedman Nutrition Ctr, 3475 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Lawrence A. David
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27705 USA
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24
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Alrubia S, Al-Majdoub ZM, Achour B, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Barber J. Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Crohn's Disease on Protein Abundance of Human Intestinal Drug-Metabolising Enzymes and Transporters. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2917-2929. [PMID: 35872023 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease affects the mucosal layer of the intestine, predominantly ileum and colon segments, with the potential to affect the expression of intestinal enzymes and transporters, and consequently, oral drug bioavailability. We carried out a quantitative proteomic analysis of inflamed and non-inflamed ileum and colon tissues from Crohn's disease patients and healthy donors. Homogenates from samples in each group were pooled and protein abundance determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In inflamed Crohn's ileum, CYP3A4, CYP20A1, CYP51A1, ADH1B, ALPI, FOM1, SULT1A2, SULT1B1 and ABCB7 showed ≥10-fold reduction in abundance compared with healthy baseline. By contrast, only MGST1 showed ≥10 fold reduction in inflamed colon. Ileal UGT1A1, MGST1, MGST2, and MAOA levels increased by ≥2 fold in Crohn's patients, while only ALPI showed ≥2 fold increase in the colon. Counter-intuitively, non-inflamed ileum had a higher magnitude of fold change than inflamed tissue when compared with healthy tissue. Marked but non-uniform alterations were observed in the expression of various enzymes and transporters in ileum and colon compared with healthy samples. Modelling will allow improved understanding of the variable effects of Crohn's disease on bioavailability of orally administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alrubia
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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25
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You H, Tan Y, Yu D, Qiu S, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. The Therapeutic Effect of SCFA-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Environment on Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886902. [PMID: 35662937 PMCID: PMC9157426 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal environment disorder is a potential pathological mechanism of obesity. There is increasing evidence that disorders in the homeostasis of the intestinal environment can affect various metabolic organs, such as fat and liver, and lead to metabolic diseases. However, there are few therapeutic approaches for obesity targeting the intestinal environment. In this review, on the one hand, we discuss how intestinal microbial metabolites SCFA regulate intestinal function to improve obesity and the possible mechanisms and pathways related to obesity-related pathological processes (depending on SCFA-related receptors such as GPCRs, MCT and SMCT, and through epigenetic processes). On the other hand, we discuss dietary management strategies to enrich SCFA-producing bacteria and target specific SCFA-producing bacteria and whether fecal bacteria transplantation therapy to restore the composition of the gut microbiota to regulate SCFA can help prevent or improve obesity. Finally, we believe that it will be of great significance to establish a working model of gut– SCFA– metabolic disease development in the future for the improvement this human health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin You
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Qiu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Altered peripheral factors affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of oral medicines in Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114282. [PMID: 35421522 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has traditionally been considered solely a neurological condition. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify the existence of pathophysiological changes affecting the brain and the blood-brain barrier in individuals with AD. Such studies have provided invaluable insight into possible changes to the central nervous system exposure of drugs prescribed to individuals with AD. However, there is now increasing recognition that extra-neurological systems may also be affected in AD, such as the small intestine, liver, and kidneys. Examination of these peripheral pathophysiological changes is now a burgeoning area of scientific research, owing to the potential impact of these changes on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs used for both AD and other concomitant conditions in this population. The purpose of this review is to identify and summarise available literature reporting alterations to key organs influencing the pharmacokinetics of drugs, with any changes to the small intestine, liver, kidney, and circulatory system on the ADME of drugs described. By assessing studies in both rodent models of AD and samples from humans with AD, this review highlights possible dosage adjustment requirements for both AD and non-AD drugs so as to ensure the achievement of optimum pharmacotherapy in individuals with AD.
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27
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Yang T, Datsomor O, Jiang M, Ma X, Zhao G, Zhan K. Protective Roles of Sodium Butyrate in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bovine Ruminal Epithelial Cells by Activating G Protein-Coupled Receptors 41. Front Nutr 2022; 9:842634. [PMID: 35600833 PMCID: PMC9121101 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.842634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether sodium butyrate (SB) attenuates the ruminal response to LPS-stimulated inflammation by activating GPR41 in bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs). We examined the SB regulation of GPR41 and its impact on LPS-induced inflammation using GPR41 knockdown BRECs. The LPS-induced BRECs showed increases in the expression of genes related to pro-inflammation and decreases in the expression of genes related to tight junction proteins; these were attenuated by pretreatment with SB. Compared with that in LPS-stimulated BRECs, the ratio of phosphorylated NF-κB (p65 subunit) to NF-κB (p65 subunit) and the ratio of phosphorylated IκBα to IκBα were suppressed with SB pretreatment. The LSB group abated LPS-induced apoptosis and decreased the expression of Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 mRNA relative to the LPS group. In addition, the LSB group had a lower proportion of cells in the G0–G1 phase and a higher proportion of cells in the S phase than the LPS group. The mRNA expression of ACAT1 and BDH1 genes related to volatile fatty acid (VFA) metabolism were upregulated in the LSB group compared to those in LPS-induced BRECs. In addition, pretreatment with SB promoted the gene expression of GPR41 in the LPS-induced BRECs. Interestingly, SB pretreatment protected BRECs but not GPR41KD BRECs. Our results suggest that SB pretreatment protects against the changes in BRECs LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating GPR41.
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O'Riordan KJ, Collins MK, Moloney GM, Knox EG, Aburto MR, Fülling C, Morley SJ, Clarke G, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 546:111572. [PMID: 35066114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator of gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota, the metabolites it produces, and the brain will be critical for the subsequent development of new therapeutic approaches, including the identification of novel psychobiotics. A key focus in this regard have been the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, and propionate. Ongoing research is focused on the entry of SCFAs into systemic circulation from the gut lumen, their migration to cerebral circulation and across the blood brain barrier, and their potential to exert acute and chronic effects on brain structure and function. This review aims to discuss our current mechanistic understanding of the direct and indirect influence that SCFAs have on brain function, behaviour and physiology, which will inform future microbiota-targeted interventions for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael K Collins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily G Knox
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - María R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Shane J Morley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Piestansky J, Olesova D, Matuskova M, Cizmarova I, Chalova P, Galba J, Majerova P, Mikus P, Kovac A. Amino acids in inflammatory bowel diseases: Modern diagnostic tools and methodologies. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 107:139-213. [PMID: 35337602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are crucial building blocks of living organisms. Together with their derivatives, they participate in many intracellular processes to act as hormones, neuromodulators, and neurotransmitters. For several decades amino acids have been studied for their potential as markers of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Subsequent improvements in sample pretreatment, separation, and detection methods have enabled the specific and very sensitive determination of these molecules in multicomponent matrices-biological fluids and tissues. The information obtained from targeted amino acid analysis (biomarker-based analytical strategy) can be further used for early diagnostics, to monitor the course of the disease or compliance of the patients. This review will provide an insight into current knowledge about inflammatory bowel diseases, the role of proteinogenic amino acids in intestinal inflammation and modern analytical techniques used in its diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. Current advances in the analysis of amino acids focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, or detection methods are highlighted, and their potential in clinical laboratories is discussed. In addition, the latest clinical data obtained from the metabolomic profiling of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases are summarized with a focus on proteinogenic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Olesova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Matuskova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cizmarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Ornelas A, Dowdell AS, Lee JS, Colgan SP. Microbial Metabolite Regulation of Epithelial Cell-Cell Interactions and Barrier Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060944. [PMID: 35326394 PMCID: PMC8946845 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells that line tissues such as the intestine serve as the primary barrier to the outside world. Epithelia provide selective permeability in the presence of a large constellation of microbes, termed the microbiota. Recent studies have revealed that the symbiotic relationship between the healthy host and the microbiota includes the regulation of cell–cell interactions at the level of epithelial tight junctions. The most recent findings have identified multiple microbial-derived metabolites that influence intracellular signaling pathways which elicit activities at the epithelial apical junction complex. Here, we review recent findings that place microbiota-derived metabolites as primary regulators of epithelial cell–cell interactions and ultimately mucosal permeability in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ornelas
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Mailstop B146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.O.); (A.S.D.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Alexander S. Dowdell
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Mailstop B146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.O.); (A.S.D.); (J.S.L.)
| | - J. Scott Lee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Mailstop B146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.O.); (A.S.D.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Mailstop B146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.O.); (A.S.D.); (J.S.L.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 N. Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
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31
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Naghizadeh M, Dalgaard TS, Klaver L, Engberg RM. Effects of encapsulated butyrate and salinomycin on gut leakage and intestinal inflammation in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:499-509. [PMID: 35170392 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2042483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. The objectives of this study were to i) compare the effects of a commercial product providing encapsulated butyrate (EB) in combination with salinomycin in diets of broilers with impaired intestinal integrity and ii) to identify easy-to-measure biomarkers to evaluate intestinal integrity and health.2. In total, 672, one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (eight replicates/group): no dietary supplement (control); EB (500 mg/kg, UltraGuard™-DUO, Devenish, Ireland); salinomycin (69 mg/kg feed, Sacox® 120). Impaired gut integrity was induced by a 10 times overdose of a commercial attenuated live vaccine against coccidiosis (Hipracox®, Hipra) on d 17 combined with a grower feed providing rye (50 g/kg diet).3. Improved intestinal integrity and functionality were reflected by reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D) plasma levels, reduced bacterial translocation to the liver (on d 21) and increased plasma coloration level on d 21 after dietary supplementation of salinomycin, compared to a non-supplemented control diet. Both EB and salinomycin reduced plasma levels of D-lactate (P<0.05).4. An anti-inflammatory effect of salinomycin was indicated as the transient increase in circulating monocytes observed in the EB and control group from 20 to 28 d of age was slightly, but not significantly reduced, in the salinomycin-fed group. Interestingly, greater expression of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and mucin 2 (MUC2) genes (P=0.039 and P = 0.067, respectively) were detected in the group receiving salinomycin.5. These effects may have collectively contributed to the significantly improved performance of broilers supplemented with salinomycin. The results indicated that EB at 500 mg/kg in feed, in contrast to salinomycin, neither supported gut health nor modulated intestinal integrity in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naghizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tina Sørensen Dalgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Laura Klaver
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ricarda Margarete Engberg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Islam MR, Arthur S, Haynes J, Butts MR, Nepal N, Sundaram U. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Obesity-Associated Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:624. [PMID: 35276983 PMCID: PMC8838694 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that has become a new focus of attention due to its association with numerous human diseases. Research over the last few decades has shown that the gut microbiota plays a considerable role in regulating intestinal homeostasis, and disruption to the microbial community has been linked to chronic disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), and obesity. Obesity has become a global pandemic, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide mostly in Western countries due to a sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-fat/high-sugar diets. Obesity-mediated gut microbiota alterations have been associated with the development of IBD and IBD-induced CRC. This review highlights how obesity-associated dysbiosis can lead to the pathogenesis of IBD and CRC with a special focus on mechanisms of altered absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (M.R.I.); (S.A.); (J.H.); (M.R.B.); (N.N.)
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33
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Silva C, Andrade N, Guimarães JT, Cardoso E, Meireles C, Pinto V, Paiva J, Martel F. The pro-proliferative effect of insulin in human breast epithelial DMBA-transformed and non-transformed cell lines is PI3K-, mTOR- and GLUT1-dependent. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:127-137. [PMID: 35014047 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. We aimed to investigate how T2DM-associated characteristics (high levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress) influence breast cancer carcinogenesis, in DMBA-treated (MCF-12ADMBA ) and non-treated breast epithelial (MCF-12A) cell lines. Insulin (50 nM) promotes cell proliferation, 3 H-DG uptake and lactic acid production in both cell lines. The stimulatory effects of insulin upon cell proliferation and 3 H-DG uptake were hampered by rapamycin, LY294001 and BAY-876, in both cell lines. In conclusion, hyperinsulinemia, one important characteristic of T2DM, contributes to the initiation of breast cancer by a PI3K- and mTOR-dependent mechanism involving increased GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake. SIGNIFICANCE: The pro-proliferative effect of insulin in human breast epithelial DMBA-transformed and non-transformed cell lines is PI3K-, mTOR- and GLUT1-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Silva
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Cardoso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Meireles
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Pinto
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,iLoF, Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford, UK
| | - Joana Paiva
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,iLoF, Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford, UK.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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34
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Ahn E, Jeong H, Kim E. Differential effects of various dietary proteins on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:700-715. [DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.6.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyeong Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Hyejin Jeong
- Gyeongsangbuk-do Institute of Health & Environment, Yeongcheon 38874, Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
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35
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Konjar Š, Pavšič M, Veldhoen M. Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179170. [PMID: 34502078 PMCID: PMC8431628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO2), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis, achieved in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signalling. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) possess metabolic identities that are reflected in changes in mitochondrial function. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis at the mucosae. In addition, the gut has a vast and diverse microbial population, the microbiota. Microbiome–gut communication represents a dynamic exchange of mediators produced by bacterial and intestinal metabolism. The microbiome contributes to the maintenance of the hypoxic environment, which is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and/or adaptive immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we focus on oxygen homeostasis at the epithelial barrier site, how it is regulated by hypoxia and the microbiome, and how oxygen homeostasis at the epithelium is regulated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Konjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
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36
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Anbazhagan AN, Priyamvada S, Kumar A, Jayawardena D, Borthakur A, Saksena S, Gill RK, Alrefai WA, Dudeja PK. miR-29a, b, and c regulate SLC5A8 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G223-G231. [PMID: 34231393 PMCID: PMC8410106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00148.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber exert myriad of beneficial effects including the amelioration of inflammation. SCFAs exist as anions at luminal pH; their entry into the cells depends on the expression and function of monocarboxylate transporters. In this regard, sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter-1 (SMCT-1) is one of the major proteins involved in the absorption of SCFA in the mammalian colon. However, very little is known about the mechanisms of regulation of SMCT-1 expression in health and disease. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to play a key role in modulating gene expression. In silico analysis showed miR-29a, b, and c with highest context score and its binding region was conserved among mammals. The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of human SMCT-1 gene was cloned into pmirGLO vector upstream of luciferase reporter and transiently transfected with miR-29a, b, and c mimics into Caco-2 and/or T-84 cells. The presence of UTR of this gene significantly decreased luciferase activity compared with empty vector. Cotransfection with miR-29a, b, or c resulted in further decrease in 3'-UTR activity of SMCT-1 luciferase constructs. Mimic transfection significantly decreased SMCT-1 protein expression without altering mRNA expression. Furthermore, the expression of miR-29a and c were significantly lower in mouse colon compared with small intestine, consistent with higher levels of SMCT-1 protein in the colon. Our studies demonstrated a novel finding in which miR-29a, b, and c downregulate SMCT-1 expression in colonic epithelial cells and may partly explain the differential expression of these transporters along the length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study for the first time reports the posttranscriptional regulation of SMCT-1 by miR-29a, b, and c in colonic epithelial cells. We also demonstrate that the expression of these microRNAs is lower in the mouse proximal and distal colon which partially explains the higher expression level of SMCT-1 in the colon compared with small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arivarasu N Anbazhagan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shubha Priyamvada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dulari Jayawardena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alip Borthakur
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Seema Saksena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ravinder K Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Waddah A Alrefai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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37
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Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071775. [PMID: 34359944 PMCID: PMC8304699 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial metabolite butyrate serves as a link between the intestinal microbiome and epithelium. The monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and SMCT1 are the predominant means of butyrate transport from the intestinal lumen to epithelial cytoplasm, where the molecule undergoes rapid β-oxidation to generate cellular fuel. However, not all epithelial cells metabolize butyrate equally. Undifferentiated colonocytes, including neoplastic cells and intestinal stem cells at the epithelial crypt base preferentially utilize glucose over butyrate for cellular fuel. This divergent metabolic conditioning is central to the phenomenon known as “butyrate paradox”, in which butyrate induces contradictory effects on epithelial proliferation in undifferentiated and differentiated colonocytes. There is evidence that accumulation of butyrate in epithelial cells results in histone modification and altered transcriptional activation that halts cell cycle progression. This manifests in the apparent protective effect of butyrate against colonic neoplasia. A corollary to this process is butyrate-induced inhibition of intestinal stem cells. Yet, emerging research has illustrated that the evolution of the crypt, along with butyrate-producing bacteria in the intestine, serve to protect crypt base stem cells from butyrate’s anti-proliferative effects. Butyrate also regulates epithelial inflammation and tolerance to antigens, through production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. The role of butyrate in the pathogenesis and treatment of intestinal neoplasia, inflammatory bowel disease and malabsorptive states is evolving, and holds promise for the potential translation of butyrate’s cellular function into clinical therapies.
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38
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Gasaly N, de Vos P, Hermoso MA. Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658354. [PMID: 34122415 PMCID: PMC8187770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites. Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Costa Dos Santos G, Renovato-Martins M, de Brito NM. The remodel of the "central dogma": a metabolomics interaction perspective. Metabolomics 2021; 17:48. [PMID: 33969452 PMCID: PMC8106972 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1957, Francis Crick drew a linear diagram on a blackboard. This diagram is often called the "central dogma." Subsequently, the relationships between different steps of the "central dogma" have been shown to be considerably complex, mostly because of the emerging world of small molecules. It is noteworthy that metabolites can be generated from the diet through gut microbiome metabolism, serve as substrates for epigenetic modifications, destabilize DNA quadruplexes, and follow Lamarckian inheritance. Small molecules were once considered the missing link in the "central dogma"; however, recently they have acquired a central role, and their general perception as downstream products has become reductionist. Metabolomics is a large-scale analysis of metabolites, and this emerging field has been shown to be the closest omics associated with the phenotype and concomitantly, the basis for all omics. AIM OF REVIEW Herein, we propose a broad updated perspective for the flux of information diagram centered in metabolomics, including the influence of other factors, such as epigenomics, diet, nutrition, and the gut- microbiome. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Metabolites are the beginning and the end of the flux of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Costa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of NMR Metabolomics, IBRAG, Department of Genetics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Renovato-Martins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, IB, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24210-200, Brazil
| | - Natália Mesquita de Brito
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, IBRAG, Department of Cell Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
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Sugihara K, Kamada N. Diet-Microbiota Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:1533. [PMID: 34062869 PMCID: PMC8147260 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise etiology of IBD is largely unknown, it is widely thought that diet contributes to the development of IBD. Diet shapes the composition of the gut microbiota, which plays critical roles in intestinal homeostasis. In contrast, intestinal inflammation induces gut dysbiosis and may affect the use of dietary nutrients by host cells and the gut microbiota. The interaction of diet and the gut microbiota is perturbed in patients with IBD. Herein, we review the current knowledge of diet and gut microbiota interaction in intestinal homeostasis. We also discuss alterations of diet and gut microbiota interaction that influence the outcome and the nutritional treatment of IBD. Understanding the complex relationships between diet and the gut microbiota provides crucial insight into the pathogenesis of IBD and advances the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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Reframing Nutritional Microbiota Studies To Reflect an Inherent Metabolic Flexibility of the Human Gut: a Narrative Review Focusing on High-Fat Diets. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.00579-21. [PMID: 33849977 PMCID: PMC8092254 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00579-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a broad consensus in nutritional-microbiota research that high-fat (HF) diets are harmful to human health, at least in part through their modulation of the gut microbiota. However, various studies also support the inherent flexibility of the human gut and our microbiota’s ability to adapt to a variety of food sources, suggesting a more nuanced picture. There is a broad consensus in nutritional-microbiota research that high-fat (HF) diets are harmful to human health, at least in part through their modulation of the gut microbiota. However, various studies also support the inherent flexibility of the human gut and our microbiota’s ability to adapt to a variety of food sources, suggesting a more nuanced picture. In this article, we first discuss some problems facing basic translational research and provide a different framework for thinking about diet and gut health in terms of metabolic flexibility. We then offer evidence that well-formulated HF diets, such as ketogenic diets, may provide healthful alternative fuel sources for the human gut. We place this in the context of cancer research, where this concern over HF diets is also expressed, and consider various potential objections concerning the effects of lipopolysaccharides, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and secondary bile acids on human gut health. We end by providing some general suggestions for how to improve research and clinical practice with respect to the gut microbiota when considering the framework of metabolic flexibility.
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Gasaly N, Hermoso MA, Gotteland M. Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063061. [PMID: 33802759 PMCID: PMC8002420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes current evidence supporting butyrate impact in the homeostatic regulation of the digestive ecosystem in health and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Butyrate is mainly produced by bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum. It stimulates mature colonocytes and inhibits undifferentiated malignant and stem cells. Butyrate oxidation in mature colonocytes (1) produces 70–80% of their energetic requirements, (2) prevents stem cell inhibition by limiting butyrate access to crypts, and (3) consumes oxygen, generating hypoxia and maintaining luminal anaerobiosis favorable to the microbiota. Butyrate stimulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the GPR41 and GPR109A receptors, and inhibits HDAC in different cell types, thus stabilizing the gut barrier function and decreasing inflammatory processes. However, some studies indicate contrary effects according to butyrate concentrations. IBD patients exhibit a lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate content. Additionally, colonocyte butyrate oxidation is depressed in these subjects, lowering luminal anaerobiosis and facilitating the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae that contribute to inflammation. Accordingly, gut dysbiosis and decreased barrier function in IBD seems to be secondary to the impaired mitochondrial disturbance in colonic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-989-059-222
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Vrzáčková N, Ruml T, Zelenka J. Postbiotics, Metabolic Signaling, and Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061528. [PMID: 33799580 PMCID: PMC8000401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are health-promoting microbial metabolites delivered as a functional food or a food supplement. They either directly influence signaling pathways of the body or indirectly manipulate metabolism and the composition of intestinal microflora. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and even though the prognosis of patients is improving, it is still poor in the substantial part of the cases. The preventable nature of cancer and the importance of a complex multi-level approach in anticancer therapy motivate the search for novel avenues of establishing the anticancer environment in the human body. This review summarizes the principal findings demonstrating the usefulness of both natural and synthetic sources of postbotics in the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, the effects of crude cell-free supernatants, the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, lactic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and β-glucans are described. Contradictory roles of postbiotics in healthy and tumor tissues are highlighted. In conclusion, the application of postbiotics is an efficient complementary strategy to combat cancer.
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Silva C, Andrade N, Guimarães JT, Patrício E, Martel F. The in vitro effect of the diabetes-associated markers insulin, leptin and oxidative stress on cellular characteristics promoting breast cancer progression is GLUT1-dependent. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173980. [PMID: 33647254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associate with increased incidence and mortality from many cancers, including breast cancer. The mechanisms involved in this relation remain poorly understood. Our study aimed to investigate the in vitro effect of high levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, TNF-α, INF-γ and oxidative stress (induced with tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH)), which are associated with T2DM, upon glucose uptake by breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and non-cancer (MCF-12A) cells and to correlate this effect with their effects upon cellular characteristics associated with cancer progression (cell proliferation, viability, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis). 3H-DG uptake was markedly inhibited by a selective GLUT1 inhibitor (BAY-876) in all cell lines, proving that 3H-DG uptake is mainly GLUT1-mediated. TBH (2.5 μM), insulin (50 nM), leptin (500 ng/ml) and INF-y (100 ng/ml) stimulate GLUT1-mediated 3H-DG (1 mM) uptake by both ER-positive and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. TBH and leptin, but not insulin and INF-γ, increase GLUT1 mRNA levels. Insulin and leptin (in both ER-positive and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines) and TBH (in the triple-negative cell line) have a proproliferative effect and leptin possesses a cytoprotective effect in both breast cancer cell lines that can contribute to cancer progression. The effects of TBH, insulin, leptin and INF-γ upon breast cancer cell proliferation and viability are GLUT1-dependent. In conclusion, T2DM-associated characteristics induce changes in GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake that can contribute to cancer progression. Moreover, we conclude that BAY-876 can be a strong candidate for development of a new effective anticancer agent against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Silva
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Patrício
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Banfi D, Moro E, Bosi A, Bistoletti M, Cerantola S, Crema F, Maggi F, Giron MC, Giaroni C, Baj A. Impact of Microbial Metabolites on Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1623. [PMID: 33562721 PMCID: PMC7915037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex bidirectional communication system existing between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain initially termed the "gut-brain axis" and renamed the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", considering the pivotal role of gut microbiota in sustaining local and systemic homeostasis, has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The integration of signals deriving from the host neuronal, immune, and endocrine systems with signals deriving from the microbiota may influence the development of the local inflammatory injury and impacts also more distal brain regions, underlying the psychophysiological vulnerability of IBD patients. Mood disorders and increased response to stress are frequently associated with IBD and may affect the disease recurrence and severity, thus requiring an appropriate therapeutic approach in addition to conventional anti-inflammatory treatments. This review highlights the more recent evidence suggesting that alterations of the microbiota-gut-brain bidirectional communication axis may concur to IBD pathogenesis and sustain the development of both local and CNS symptoms. The participation of the main microbial-derived metabolites, also defined as "postbiotics", such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites in the development of IBD-associated gut and brain dysfunction will be discussed. The last section covers a critical evaluation of the main clinical evidence pointing to the microbiome-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of IBD-related gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
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Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Facilitate Microbiota:Host Cross talk and Modulate Obesity and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:8. [PMID: 33537923 PMCID: PMC7992370 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting a role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as messengers facilitating cross talk between the host and gut microbiota and discuss the effects of altered SCFA signaling in obesity and hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence suggests there to be a significant contribution of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs to microbe:host communication and host metabolism. SCFA production within the intestine modulates intestinal pH, microbial composition, and intestinal barrier integrity. SCFA signaling through host receptors, such as PPARγ and GPCRs, modulates host health and disease physiology. Alterations in SCFA signaling and downstream effects on inflammation are implicated in the development of obesity and hypertension. SCFAs are crucial components of the holobiont relationship; in the proper environment, they support normal gut, immune, and metabolic function. Dysregulation of microbial SCFA signaling affects downstream host metabolism, with implications in obesity and hypertension.
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47
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Guice J, Bendiks ZA, Coulon D, Raggio AM, Page RC, Carvajal-Aldaz DG, Lou M, Welsh DA, Marx BD, Taylor CM, Husseneder C, Marco ML, Keenan MJ. Differences in Capacity of High-Amylose Resistant Starch, Whole-Grain Flour, and a Combination of Both to Modify Intestinal Responses of Male Sprague Dawley Rats Fed Moderate and High Fat Diets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15176-15185. [PMID: 33291872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) responses to a high-amylose resistant starch (RS) product were compared to those observed when RS was combined with whole grain (WG) and to controls with low RS intake in rats fed moderate or high fat diets. Regardless of fat intake, rats fed RS or WG + RS diets had higher cecum weights, higher intestinal quantities of short chain fatty acids, and lower intestinal content pH, and their GIT cells had increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis and barrier function compared to controls. Whereas RS resulted in greater GIT content acetate and propionate and lowest pH, the WG + RS diets yielded higher butyrate. Rats fed the RS diet with MF had higher cecum weights than those fed either the RS diet with HF or the WG + RS diet with either MF or HF. Diets containing combinations of RS and other dietary fibers should be considered for RS-mediated GIT benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Guice
- BIO-CAT, 9117 Three Notch Road, Troy 22974, Virginia, United States
| | - Zachary A Bendiks
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Diana Coulon
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Anne M Raggio
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ryan C Page
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Diana G Carvajal-Aldaz
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Meng Lou
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - David A Welsh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - Brian D Marx
- Experimental Statistics, LSU, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Maria L Marco
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Michael J Keenan
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
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48
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Kent-Dennis C, Penner GB. Effects of lipopolysaccharide exposure on the inflammatory response, butyrate flux, and metabolic function of the ruminal epithelium using an ex vivo model. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2334-2345. [PMID: 33246619 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acidotic conditions in the rumen have been associated with compromised barrier function of the ruminal epithelium and translocation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interaction of MAMP with the ruminal epithelium may also induce a local proinflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential proinflammatory response of the ruminal epithelium following LPS exposure in Ussing chambers, to investigate whether LPS exposure affects the flux and metabolism of butyrate. Ruminal epithelial tissue from 9 Holstein bull calves were mounted into Ussing chambers and exposed to 0, 10,000, 50,000, or 200,000 endotoxin units (EU)/mL LPS for a duration of 5 h. Radiolabeled 14C-butyrate (15 mM) was added to the mucosal buffer to assess the mucosal-to-serosal flux of 14C-butyrate. Additional Ussing chambers, without radioisotope, were exposed to either 0 or 200,000 EU/mL LPS and were used to measure the release of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and IL1B into the buffer, and to collect epithelial tissue for analysis of gene expression. Genes associated with inflammation (TNF, IL1B, CXCL8, PTGS2, TGFB1, TLR2, TLR4), nutrient transport (MCT1, MCT4, SLC5A8, GLUT1), and metabolic function (ACAT1, BDH1, MCU, IGFBP3, IGFBP5) were selected and analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Butyrate flux was not significantly affected by LPS exposure; however, we detected a tendency for the mucosal-to-serosal butyrate flux to increase linearly with LPS dose. Bidirectional releases of BHB and IL1B were not affected by LPS exposure. Expression of PTGS2, TGFB1, TLR4, and MCU were downregulated following exposure to LPS ex vivo. We detected no effects on the expression of genes associated with nutrient transport. The results of the present study are interpreted to indicate that, although the inflammatory response of the ruminal epithelium was slightly suppressed, exposure to LPS may have altered metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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Kent-Dennis C, Penner GB. Effects of a proinflammatory response on metabolic function of cultured, primary ruminal epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1002-1017. [PMID: 33131809 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of ruminal epithelium may occur during ruminal acidosis as a result of translocation and interaction of ruminal epithelial cells (REC) with molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Such inflammation has been reported to alter cellular processes such as nutrient absorption, metabolic regulation, and energy substrate utilization in other cell types but has not been investigated for REC. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of LPS on metabolism of short-chain fatty acids by primary REC, as well as investigating the effects of media containing short-chain fatty acids on the proinflammatory response. Ruminal papillae from 9 yearling Speckle Park beef heifers were used to isolate and culture primary REC. Cells were grown in minimum essential medium (MEM) for 12 d before use and then reseeded in 24-well culture plates. The study was conducted as a 2 × 2 factorial, where cells were grown in unaltered MEM (REG) or medium containing 2 mM butyrate and 5 mM propionate (SCFA) with (50,000 EU/mL; +LPS) or without LPS (-LPS) for 24 h. Supernatant samples were collected for analysis of glucose and SCFA consumption. Cells were collected to determine the expression of mRNA for genes associated with inflammation (TNF, IL1B, CXCL2, CXCL8, PTGS2, and TLR4), purinergic signaling (P2RX7, ADORAB2, and CD73), nutrient transport [SLC16A1 (MCT1), SLC16A3 (MCT4), SLC5A8, and MCU], and cell metabolism [ACAT1, SLC2A1 (GLUT1), IGFBP3, and IGFBP5]. Protein expression of TLR4 and ketogenic enzymes (BDH1 and HMGCS1) were also analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was conducted with the MIXED model of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with medium, LPS exposure, and medium × LPS interaction as fixed effects and animal within plate as a random effect. Cells tended to consume more glucose when exposed to LPS as opposed to no LPS exposure (31.8 vs. 28.7 ± 2.7), but consumption of propionate and butyrate was not influenced by LPS. Expression of TNF and IL1B was upregulated when exposed to LPS, and expression of CXCL2 and CXCL8 increased following LPS exposure with SCFA (medium × LPS). For cells exposed to LPS, we found a downregulation of ACAT1 and IGFBP5 and an upregulation of SLC2A1, SLC16A3, MCU, and IGFBP3. Medium with SCFA led to greater expression of MCU. SLC16A1 was upregulated in cells incubated with SCFA and without LPS compared with the other groups. Protein expression of ketogenic enzymes was not affected; however, BDH1 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expression tended to be less in cells exposed to LPS. These data are interpreted to indicate that when REC are exposed to LPS, they may increase glucose metabolism. Moreover, transport of solutes was affected by SCFA in the medium and by exposure to LPS. Overall, the results suggest that metabolic function of REC in vitro is altered by a proinflammatory response, which may lead to a greater glucose requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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50
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Ota S, Sakuraba H, Hiraga H, Yoshida S, Satake M, Akemoto Y, Tanaka N, Watanabe R, Takato M, Murai Y, Ueno K, Niioka T, Hayakari M, Ishiguro Y, Fukuda S. Cyclosporine protects from intestinal epithelial injury by modulating butyrate uptake via upregulation of membrane monocarboxylate transporter 1 levels. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100811. [PMID: 33102812 PMCID: PMC7578528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims A relationship between treatment outcomes and intestinal microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has been demonstrated. Cyclosporine treatment leads to rapid improvement in severe ulcerative colitis. We hypothesized that the potent effects of cyclosporine would be exerted through relationships between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the host microbiota. The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of cyclosporine on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) regulation and butyrate uptake by IECs. Methods Colitis was induced in C57BL6 mice via the administration of 4% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water, following which body weights, colon lengths, and histological scores were evaluated. To examine the role of butyrate in the protective effects of cyclosporine, MCT1 inhibitor and an antibiotic cocktail was administered and tributyrin (TB; a prodrug of butyrate) was supplemented; MCT1 protein expression and acetylated histone 3 (AcH3) signals in IECs, as well as the MCT1-membrane fraction of Caco-2 cells, were evaluated. To explore butyrate uptake, as s butyrate derivatives, 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA) and 1-pyrenebutyric acid were used. Results Treatment with cyclosporine inhibited body weight loss and colon length shortening. However, treatment with MCT1 inhibitor and the antibiotic cocktail negated the efficacy of cyclosporine, whereas TB supplementation restored its protective effect. Furthermore, cyclosporine upregulated MCT1 expression in the membrane and the AcH3 signal in IECs, while also inducing higher anti-inflammatory cytokine production compared to that in the vehicle-treated mice. The transcription level of MCT1 mRNA in IECs and Caco-2 cells did not increase with cyclosporine treatment; however, cyclosporine treatment increased membrane MCT1 expression in these cells and uptake of butyrate derivative. Conclusion Cyclosporine treatment modulates butyrate uptake via the post-transcriptional upregulation of membrane MCT1 levels in IECs. The protective effect of cyclosporine needs microbiota-derived butyrate. Cyclosporine increased the fraction of MCT1 at the cell membrane. Cyclosporine enhanced butyrate uptake and regulatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shukuko Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Shibata Irika Co.Ltd.Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Miwa Satake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yui Akemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Nahoko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Rina Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maeda Takato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueno
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takenori Niioka
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayakari
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoh Ishiguro
- Division of Clinical Research, Hirosaki National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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