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Chatterjee A, Mohapatra J, Sharma M, Jha A, Patro R, Das D, Patel H, Patel H, Chaudhari J, Borda N, Viswanathan K, Sharma B, Bhavsar H, Patel A, Ranvir R, Sundar R, Agarwal S, Jain M. A novel selective NLRP3 inhibitor shows disease-modifying potential in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1842:149129. [PMID: 39074525 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Pathological activation of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling underlies many autoimmune and neuroinflammatory conditions. Here we report that, a rationally designed, novel, orally active, selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, Usnoflast (ZYIL1), showed potent inhibition of ATP, Nigericin and monosodium urate-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β release in THP-1 cells and human PBMC. In isolated microglia cells, the IC50 of ZYIL1 mediated inhibition of IL-1β was 43 nM. ZYIL1 displayed good pharmacokinetic profile in mice, rats and primates after oral administration and the concentrations found in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were markedly higher than the IC50 values. In an in vivo model of neuroinflammation, ZYIL1 demonstrated robust suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β upon oral administration. This translated into efficacy in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) models in mice. In MPTP and/or 6-OHDA models, treatment with ZYIL1 ameliorated motor deficits, degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein. There were positive changes in the genes related to walking, locomotor activity, neurogenesis, neuroblast proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the PD brain indicating improvement in neural health which translated into improved mobility. These findings clearly indicate that selective NLRP3 inhibitor ZYIL1, ameliorates neuroinflammation and appears to have the potential for disease modification and progression associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Chatterjee
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jogeswar Mohapatra
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoranjan Sharma
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Randeep Patro
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Debajeet Das
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Harilal Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaimin Chaudhari
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Nilesh Borda
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Kasinath Viswanathan
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavesh Sharma
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Harsh Bhavsar
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashvin Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramchandra Ranvir
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Sundar
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Sameer Agarwal
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sharkhej-Bavla NH No. 8A, Village Moraiya, Changodar, Ahmedabad 382 213, Gujarat, India
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Huang M, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Mitochondrial stress-induced H4K12 hyperacetylation dysregulates transcription in Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1422362. [PMID: 39188570 PMCID: PMC11345260 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1422362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modification has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by the irreversible loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. However, the mechanistic landscape of histone acetylation (ac) in PD has yet to be fully explored. Herein, we mapped the proteomic acetylation profiling changes at core histones H4 and thus identified H4K12ac as a key epigenomic mark in dopaminergic neuronal cells as well as in MitoPark animal model of PD. Notably, the significantly elevated H4K12ac deposition in post-mortem PD brains highlights its clinical relevance to human PD. Increased histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and decreased histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and HDAC4 were found in experimental PD cell models, suggesting the HAT/HDAC imbalance associated with mitochondrial stress. Following our delineation of the proteasome dysfunction that possibly contributes to H4K12ac deposition, we characterized the altered transcriptional profile and disease-associated pathways in the MitoPark mouse model of PD. Our study uncovers the axis of mitochondrial impairment-H4K12ac deposition-altered transcription/disease pathways as a neuroepigenetic mechanism underlying PD pathogenesis. These findings provide mechanistic information for the development of potential pharmacoepigenomic translational strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Esmaealzadeh N, Miri MS, Mavaddat H, Peyrovinasab A, Ghasemi Zargar S, Sirous Kabiri S, Razavi SM, Abdolghaffari AH. The regulating effect of curcumin on NF-κB pathway in neurodegenerative diseases: a review of the underlying mechanisms. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2125-2151. [PMID: 38769198 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are part of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders that indicate their presence with neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Several pathophysiological factors and biomarkers are involved in this inflammatory process causing these neurological disorders. The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is an inflammation element, which induced transcription and appears to be one of the important players in physiological procedures, especially nervous disorders. NF-κB can impact upon series of intracellular actions and induce or inhibit many inflammation-related pathways. Multiple reports have focused on the modification of NF-κB activity, controlling its expression, translocation, and signaling pathway in neurodegenerative disorders and injuries like Alzheimer's disease (AD), spinal cord injuries (SCI), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Curcumin has been noted to be a popular anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory substance and is the foremost natural compound produced by turmeric. According to various studies, when playing an anti-inflammatory role, it interacts with several modulating proteins of long-standing disease signaling pathways and has an unprovocative consequence on pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review article determined to figure out curcumin's role in limiting the promotion of neurodegenerative disease via influencing the NF-κB signaling route. Preclinical studies were gathered from plenty of scientific platforms including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to evaluate this hypothesis. Extracted findings from the literature review explained the repressing impact of Curcumin on the NF-κB signaling pathway and, occasionally down-regulating the cytokine expression. Yet, there is an essential need for further analysis and specific clinical experiments to fully understand this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Esmaealzadeh
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Traditional Persian Medicine and Complementary Medicine (PerCoMed) Student Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Sadat Miri
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Mavaddat
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Peyrovinasab
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghasemi Zargar
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sirous Kabiri
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehrad Razavi
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Tehran, Iran.
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Anwar MM, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Exploring the Significance of Microglial Phenotypes and Morphological Diversity in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Targets. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:891-946. [PMID: 38836373 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2358446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Studying various microglial phenotypes and their functions in neurodegenerative diseases is crucial due to the intricate nature of their phenomics and their vital immunological role. Microglia undergo substantial phenomic changes, encompassing morphological, transcriptional, and functional aspects, resulting in distinct cell types with diverse structures, functions, properties, and implications. The traditional classification of microglia as ramified, M1 (proinflammatory), or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes is overly simplistic, failing to capture the wide range of recently identified microglial phenotypes in various brain regions affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Altered and activated microglial phenotypes deviating from the typical ramified structure are significant features of many neurodegenerative conditions. Understanding the precise role of each microglial phenotype is intricate and sometimes contradictory. This review specifically focuses on elucidating recent modifications in microglial phenotypes within neurodegenerative diseases. Recognizing the heterogeneity of microglial phenotypes in diseased states can unveil novel therapeutic strategies for targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the exploration of the use of healthy isolated microglia to mitigate disease progression has provided an innovative perspective. In conclusion, this review discusses the dynamic landscape of mysterious microglial phenotypes, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding to pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Diz-Chaves Y, Maastor Z, Spuch C, Lamas JA, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation: anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1671-1677. [PMID: 38103230 PMCID: PMC10960307 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues, including different brain regions. Glucagon-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection, like the support of cell growth/survival, enhancement promotion of synapse formation, autophagy, and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, microglial activation, and apoptosis during neural morphogenesis. The glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, maintain metabolic homeostasis and defense against pathogens in the central nervous system. After brain insult, microglia are the first cells to respond, followed by reactive astrocytosis. These activated cells produce proinflammatory mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the insult. Furthermore, under these circumstances, microglia can become chronically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and, consequently, their functions during many diseases. Several processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution: like the formation of protein aggregates, the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents, the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function, and, of critical importance, the dysregulation of inflammatory control mechanisms. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies, restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions, modulating microglia activity, and decreasing the inflammatory response. This review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammatory properties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, or chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Zainab Maastor
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Sala Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Neuroscience, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C. González-Matías
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
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Tork MAB, Fotouhi S, Roozi P, Negah SS. Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasomes: A Trojan Horse Strategy for Intervention in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04359-2. [PMID: 39042218 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Recently, a growing focus has been on identifying critical mechanisms in neurological diseases that trigger a cascade of events, making it easier to target them effectively. One such mechanism is the inflammasome, an essential component of the immune response system that plays a crucial role in disease progression. The NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is a subcellular multiprotein complex that is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and can be activated by a variety of external and internal stimuli. When activated, the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) and facilitates rapid cell death by assembling the inflammasome. These cytokines initiate inflammatory responses through various downstream signaling pathways, leading to damage to neurons. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered a significant contributor to the development of neuroinflammation. To counter the damage caused by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, researchers have investigated various interventions such as small molecules, antibodies, and cellular and gene therapy to regulate inflammasome activity. For instance, recent studies indicate that substances like micro-RNAs (e.g., miR-29c and mR-190) and drugs such as melatonin can reduce neuronal damage and suppress neuroinflammation through NLRP3. Furthermore, the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. However, it would benefit future research to have an in-depth review of the pharmacological and biological interventions targeting inflammasome activity. Therefore, our review of current evidence demonstrates that targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes could be a pivotal approach for intervention in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Bayat Tork
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soroush Fotouhi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Roozi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Campus, Azadi Square, Kalantari Blvd., Mashhad, Iran.
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Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Olech-Kochańczyk G, Culmsee C, Adamczyk A. Novel Insights into Parkin-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and "Mito-Inflammation" in α-Synuclein Toxicity. The Role of the cGAS-STING Signalling Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4549-4574. [PMID: 39011416 PMCID: PMC11249072 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s468609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders continues to grow worldwide. Increasing evidence links intracellular inclusions of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates, so-called Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neuritis, to the progressive pathology of PD and other synucleinopathies. Our previous findings established that α-syn oligomers induce S-nitrosylation and deregulation of the E3-ubiquitin ligase Parkin, leading to mitochondrial disturbances in neuronal cells. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria as a consequence, together with the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) could activate the innate immune response and induce neuroinflammation ("mito-inflammation"), eventually accelerating neurodegeneration. However, the molecular pathways that transmit pro-inflammatory signals from damaged mitochondria are not well understood. One of the proposed pathways could be the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) - stimulator of interferon genes (STING) (cGAS-STING) pathway, which plays a pivotal role in modulating the innate immune response. It has recently been suggested that cGAS-STING deregulation may contribute to the development of various pathological conditions. Especially, its excessive engagement may lead to neuroinflammation and appear to be essential for the development of neurodegenerative brain diseases, including PD. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying cGAS-STING pathway activation in PD and other synucleinopathies are not fully understood. This review focuses on linking mitochondrial dysfunction to neuroinflammation in these disorders, particularly emphasizing the role of the cGAS-STING signaling. We propose the cGAS-STING pathway as a critical driver of inflammation in α-syn-dependent neurodegeneration and hypothesize that cGAS-STING-driven "mito-inflammation" may be one of the key mechanisms promoting the neurodegeneration in PD. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of α-syn-induced cGAS-STING-associated "mito-inflammation" in PD and related synucleinopathies may contribute to the identification of new targets for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Olech-Kochańczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior - CMBB, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Xiang L, Lou J, Zhao J, Geng Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Tao Z, Li Y, Qi J, Chen J, Yang L, Zhou K. Underlying Mechanism of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization in CNS Injury: A Literature Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04290-6. [PMID: 38888836 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes play a crucial role in various intracellular pathways as their final destination. Various stressors, whether mild or severe, can induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), resulting in the release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm. LMP not only plays a pivotal role in various cellular events but also significantly contributes to programmed cell death (PCD). Previous research has demonstrated the participation of LMP in central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, the mechanisms underlying LMP in CNS injuries are poorly understood. The occurrence of LMP leads to the activation of inflammatory pathways, increased levels of oxidative stress, and PCD. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest findings regarding LMP and highlight its functions in cellular events and PCDs (lysosome-dependent cell death, apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy). In addition, we consolidate the most recent insights into LMP in CNS injury by summarizing and exploring the latest advances. We also review potential therapeutic strategies that aim to preserve LMP or inhibit the release of enzymes from lysosomes to alleviate the consequences of LMP in CNS injury. A better understanding of the role that LMP plays in CNS injury may facilitate the development of strategic treatment options for CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Junsheng Lou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yinuo Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhichao Tao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jianjun Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.
| | - Jiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, WenzhouZhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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9
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Zhao YD, Zhang W, Xing LZ, Xu J, Shi WM, Zhang YX. In vitro inhibition of α-Synuclein aggregation and disaggregation of preformed fibers by polyphenol hybrids with 2-conjugated benzothiazole. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 105:129752. [PMID: 38631541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of α-Syn play a pivotal role in connecting diverse pathological pathways in Parkinson's disease (PD). Preserving α-Syn proteostasis and functionality by inhibiting its aggregation or disaggregating existing aggregates using suitable inhibitors represents a promising strategy for PD prevention and treatment. In this study, a series of benzothiazole-polyphenol hybrids was designed and synthesized. Three identified compounds exhibited notable inhibitory activities against α-Syn aggregation in vitro, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. These inhibitors demonstrated sustained inhibitory effects throughout the entire aggregation process, stabilizing α-Syn proteostasis conformation. Moreover, the compounds effectively disintegrated preformed α-Syn oligomers and fibers, potentially by binding to specific domains within the fibers, inducing fibril instability, collapse, and ultimately resulting in smaller-sized aggregates and monomers. These findings offer valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of polyphenol hybrids with 2-conjugated benzothiazole targeting α-Syn aggregation in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Xing
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wei-Min Shi
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
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10
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Chen J, Gao Y, Liu N, Hai D, Wei W, Liu Y, Lan X, Jin X, Yu J, Ma L. Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Epilepsy and Related Therapeutic Agents. Neuroscience 2024; 546:157-177. [PMID: 38574797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most widespread and complex diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), affecting approximately 65 million people globally, an important factor resulting in neurological disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and progressive cognitive dysfunction. Medication is the most essential treatment. The currently used drugs have shown drug resistance in some patients and only control symptoms; the development of novel and more efficacious pharmacotherapy is imminent. Increasing evidence suggests neuroinflammation is involved in the occurrence and development of epilepsy, and high expression of NLRP3 inflammasome has been observed in the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) brain tissue of patients and animal models. The inflammasome is a crucial cause of neuroinflammation by activating IL-1β and IL-18. Many preclinical studies have confirmed that regulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway can prevent the development of epilepsy, reduce the severity of epilepsy, and play a neuroprotective role. Therefore, regulating NLRP3 inflammasome could be a potential target for epilepsy treatment. In summary, this review describes the priming and activation of inflammasome and its biological function in the progression of epilepsy. In addition, we reviewes the current pharmacological researches for epilepsy based on the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, aiming to provide a basis and reference for developing novel antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Dongmei Hai
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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11
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Yu J, Zhao Z, Li Y, Chen J, Huang N, Luo Y. Role of NLRP3 in Parkinson's disease: Specific activation especially in dopaminergic neurons. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28838. [PMID: 38596076 PMCID: PMC11002585 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms like bradykinesia, tremors, and balance issues. The pathology is recognized by progressively degenerative nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (DANs) loss. Its exact pathogenesis is unclear. Numerous studies have shown that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. Previous studies have demonstrated that the over-activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia indirectly leads to the loss of DANs, which can worsen PD. In recent years, autopsy analyses of PD patients and studies in PD models have revealed upregulation of NLRP3 expression within DANs and demonstrated that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in neurons is sufficient to drive neuronal loss, whereas microglial activation occurs after neuronal death, and that inhibition of intraneuronal NLRP3 inflammasome prevents degeneration of DANs. In this review, we provide research evidence related to NLRP3 inflammasome in DANs in PD as well as focus on possible mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neurons, aiming to provide a new way of thinking about the pathogenesis and prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Zhanghong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
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12
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Castro-Gomez S, Heneka MT. Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunity 2024; 57:790-814. [PMID: 38599171 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system following pattern recognition receptor binding has emerged as one of the major pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease. Experimental, epidemiological, pathological, and genetic evidence underscores the meaning of innate immune activation during the prodromal as well as clinical phases of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia. Importantly, innate immune activation and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators contribute mechanistically to other hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as aberrant proteostatis, pathological protein aggregation, cytoskeleton abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, RNA and DNA defects, and synaptic and network disbalance and ultimately to the induction of neuronal cell death. In this review, we discuss common mechanisms of innate immune activation in neurodegeneration, with particular emphasis on the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other receptors involved in the detection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Castro-Gomez
- Center for Neurology, Department of Parkinson, Sleep and Movement Disorders, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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13
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Nagayach A, Wang C. Autophagy in neural stem cells and glia for brain health and diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:729-736. [PMID: 37843206 PMCID: PMC10664120 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a multifaceted cellular process that not only maintains the homeostatic and adaptive responses of the brain but is also dynamically involved in the regulation of neural cell generation, maturation, and survival. Autophagy facilities the utilization of energy and the microenvironment for developing neural stem cells. Autophagy arbitrates structural and functional remodeling during the cell differentiation process. Autophagy also plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of stemness and homeostasis in neural stem cells during essential brain physiology and also in the instigation and progression of diseases. Only recently, studies have begun to shed light on autophagy regulation in glia (microglia, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte) in the brain. Glial cells have attained relatively less consideration despite their unquestioned influence on various aspects of neural development, synaptic function, brain metabolism, cellular debris clearing, and restoration of damaged or injured tissues. Thus, this review composes pertinent information regarding the involvement of autophagy in neural stem cells and glial regulation and the role of this connexion in normal brain functions, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will provide insight into establishing a concrete strategic approach for investigating pathological mechanisms and developing therapies for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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14
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Wang Q, Bu C, Wang H, Zhang B, Chen Q, Shi D, Chi L. Distinct mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of low-molecular-weight heparin and chondroitin sulfate on Parkinson's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129846. [PMID: 38296150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by various factors, including age, genetics, and the environment. Current treatments provide symptomatic relief without impeding disease progression. Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exogenous heparin and chondroitin sulfate in PD. However, their therapeutic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships remain poorly understood. In this study, low-molecular-weight heparin (L-HP) and chondroitin sulfate (L-CS) exhibited favorable therapeutic effects in a mouse model of PD. Proteomics revealed that L-HP attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction through its antioxidant properties, whereas L-CS suppressed neuroinflammation by inhibiting platelet activation. Two glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding proteins, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD2) and fibrinogen beta chain (FGB), were identified as potential targets of L-HP and L-CS, and we investigated their structure-activity relationships. The IdoA2S-GlcNS6S/GlcNAc6S unit in HP bound to SOD2, whereas the GlcA-GalNAc4S and GlcA-GalNAc4S6S units in CS preferred FGB. Furthermore, N-S and 2-O-S in L-HP, and 4-O-S, 6-O-S, and -COOH in L-CS contributed significantly to the binding process. These findings provide new insights and evidence for the development and use of glycosaminoglycan-based therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchi Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Changkai Bu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Deling Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266200, China.
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15
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Yildirim-Balatan C, Fenyi A, Besnault P, Gomez L, Sepulveda-Diaz JE, Michel PP, Melki R, Hunot S. Parkinson's disease-derived α-synuclein assemblies combined with chronic-type inflammatory cues promote a neurotoxic microglial phenotype. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:54. [PMID: 38383421 PMCID: PMC10882738 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of α-Synuclein (αSYN) building up intraneuronal inclusions termed Lewy pathology. Mounting evidence suggests that neuron-released αSYN aggregates could be central to microglial activation, which in turn mounts and orchestrates neuroinflammatory processes potentially harmful to neurons. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that drive microglial cell activation, polarization and function in PD might have important therapeutic implications. Here, using primary microglia, we investigated the inflammatory potential of pure αSYN fibrils derived from PD patients. We further explored and characterized microglial cell responses to a chronic-type inflammatory stimulation combining PD patient-derived αSYN fibrils (FPD), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (TPFPD). We showed that FPD hold stronger inflammatory potency than pure αSYN fibrils generated de novo. When combined with TNFα and PGE2, FPD polarizes microglia toward a particular functional phenotype departing from FPD-treated cells and featuring lower inflammatory cytokine and higher glutamate release. Whereas metabolomic studies showed that TPFPD-exposed microglia were closely related to classically activated M1 proinflammatory cells, notably with similar tricarboxylic acid cycle disruption, transcriptomic analysis revealed that TPFPD-activated microglia assume a unique molecular signature highlighting upregulation of genes involved in glutathione and iron metabolisms. In particular, TPFPD-specific upregulation of Slc7a11 (which encodes the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT) was consistent with the increased glutamate response and cytotoxic activity of these cells toward midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Together, these data further extend the structure-pathological relationship of αSYN fibrillar polymorphs to their innate immune properties and demonstrate that PD-derived αSYN fibrils, TNFα and PGE2 act in concert to drive microglial cell activation toward a specific and highly neurotoxic chronic-type inflammatory phenotype characterized by robust glutamate release and iron retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Yildirim-Balatan
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm UMRS 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Fenyi
- CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre Besnault
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm UMRS 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Lina Gomez
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm UMRS 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Julia E Sepulveda-Diaz
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm UMRS 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Patrick P Michel
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm UMRS 1127, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Hunot
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
- Inserm UMRS 1127, Paris, France.
- CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.
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16
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Peggion C, Calì T, Brini M. Mitochondria Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration: Who Comes First? Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 38397838 PMCID: PMC10885966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) encompass an assorted array of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, each characterised by distinct clinical manifestations and underlying pathological mechanisms. While some cases have a genetic basis, many NDs occur sporadically. Despite their differences, these diseases commonly feature chronic neuroinflammation as a hallmark. Consensus has recently been reached on the possibility that mitochondria dysfunction and protein aggregation can mutually contribute to the activation of neuroinflammatory response and thus to the onset and progression of these disorders. In the present review, we discuss the contribution of mitochondria dysfunction and neuroinflammation to the aetiology and progression of NDs, highlighting the possibility that new potential therapeutic targets can be identified to tackle neurodegenerative processes and alleviate the progression of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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17
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Dorion MF, Yaqubi M, Senkevich K, Kieran NW, MacDonald A, Chen CXQ, Luo W, Wallis A, Shlaifer I, Hall JA, Dudley RWR, Glass IA, Stratton JA, Fon EA, Bartels T, Antel JP, Gan-or Z, Durcan TM, Healy LM. MerTK is a mediator of alpha-synuclein fibril uptake by human microglia. Brain 2024; 147:427-443. [PMID: 37671615 PMCID: PMC10834256 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates non-inflammatory, homeostatic phagocytosis of diverse types of cellular debris. Highly expressed on the surface of microglial cells, MerTK is of importance in brain development, homeostasis, plasticity and disease. Yet, involvement of this receptor in the clearance of protein aggregates that accumulate with ageing and in neurodegenerative diseases has yet to be defined. The current study explored the function of MerTK in the microglial uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils which play a causative role in the pathobiology of synucleinopathies. Using human primary and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, the MerTK-dependence of alpha-synuclein fibril internalization was investigated in vitro. Relevance of this pathway in synucleinopathies was assessed through burden analysis of MERTK variants and analysis of MerTK expression in patient-derived cells and tissues. Pharmacological inhibition of MerTK and siRNA-mediated MERTK knockdown both caused a decreased rate of alpha-synuclein fibril internalization by human microglia. Consistent with the non-inflammatory nature of MerTK-mediated phagocytosis, alpha-synuclein fibril internalization was not observed to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 or TNF, and downmodulated IL-1β secretion from microglia. Burden analysis in two independent patient cohorts revealed a significant association between rare functionally deleterious MERTK variants and Parkinson's disease in one of the cohorts (P = 0.002). Despite a small upregulation in MERTK mRNA expression in nigral microglia from Parkinson's disease/Lewy body dementia patients compared to those from non-neurological control donors in a single-nuclei RNA-sequencing dataset (P = 5.08 × 10-21), no significant upregulation in MerTK protein expression was observed in human cortex and substantia nigra lysates from Lewy body dementia patients compared to controls. Taken together, our findings define a novel role for MerTK in mediating the uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils by human microglia, with possible involvement in limiting alpha-synuclein spread in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease. Upregulation of this pathway in synucleinopathies could have therapeutic values in enhancing alpha-synuclein fibril clearance in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Dorion
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Konstantin Senkevich
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Nicholas W Kieran
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Adam MacDonald
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carol X Q Chen
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Wen Luo
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amber Wallis
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Irina Shlaifer
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centers, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Tim Bartels
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-or
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
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18
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Wang ZP, Zhang W, Xing LZ, Zhao YD, Xu J, Zhang YX. Therapeutic potential of Coumarin-polyphenolic acid hybrids in PD: Inhibition of α-Syn aggregation and disaggregation of preformed fibrils, leading to reduced neuronal inclusion formation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 99:129618. [PMID: 38219887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the discovery of new potential drugs for treating PD by targeting the aggregation of α-Syn. A series of hybrids combining Coumarin and phenolic acid were designed and synthesized. Four particularly promising compounds were identified, showing strong inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from low micromolar to submicromolar concentrations, as low as 0.63 μM. These compounds exhibited a higher binding affinity to α-Syn residues and effectively hindered the entire aggregation process, maintaining the proteostasis conformation of α-Syn and preventing the formation of β-sheet aggregates. This approach holds significant promise for PD prevention. Additionally, these candidate compounds demonstrated the ability to break down preformed α-Syn oligomers and fibrils, resulting in the formation of smaller aggregates and monomers. Moreover, the candidate compounds showed impressive effectiveness in inhibiting α-Syn aggregation within nerve cells, thereby reducing the likelihood of α-Syn inclusion formation resembling Lewy bodies, which highlights their potential for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ping Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Xing
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Deparment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
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Ravichandran KA, Heneka MT. Inflammasomes in neurological disorders - mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:67-83. [PMID: 38195712 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular scaffolds that are activated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and form a key element of innate immune responses. Consequently, the involvement of inflammasomes in several diseases that are characterized by inflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, is widely appreciated. However, many other neurological conditions, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy and neurological sequelae of COVID-19, all involve persistent inflammation in the brain, and increasing evidence suggests that inflammasome activation contributes to disease progression in these conditions. Understanding the biology and mechanisms of inflammasome activation is, therefore, crucial for the development of inflammasome-targeted therapies for neurological conditions. In this Review, we present the current evidence for and understanding of inflammasome activation in neurological diseases and discuss current and potential interventional strategies that target inflammasome activation to mitigate its pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of innate immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, North Worcester, MA, USA.
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20
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Xue J, Tao K, Wang W, Wang X. What Can Inflammation Tell Us about Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1641. [PMID: 38338925 PMCID: PMC10855787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a complicated etiology and pathogenesis. α-Synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation are involved in the process of PD. Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a key element in the initiation and progression of PD. In this review, we summarize the inflammatory response and pathogenic mechanisms of PD. Additionally, we describe the potential anti-inflammatory therapies, including nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibition, microglia inhibition, astrocyte inhibition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, targeting the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway, targeting α-synuclein, targeting miRNA, acupuncture, and exercise. The review focuses on inflammation and will help in designing new prevention strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (K.T.); (W.W.)
| | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (K.T.); (W.W.)
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21
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Miao Y, Meng H. The involvement of α-synucleinopathy in the disruption of microglial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:31. [PMID: 38216911 PMCID: PMC10785555 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular deposition and intercellular transmission of α-synuclein (α-syn) are shared pathological characteristics among neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the precise triggers of α-synucleinopathies remain unclear, recent findings indicate that disruption of microglial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining optimal neuronal function by ensuring a homeostatic environment, but this function is disrupted during the progression of α-syn pathology. The involvement of microglia in the accumulation, uptake, and clearance of aggregated proteins is critical for managing disease spread and progression caused by α-syn pathology. This review summarizes current knowledge on the interrelationships between microglia and α-synucleinopathies, focusing on the remarkable ability of microglia to recognize and internalize extracellular α-syn through diverse pathways. Microglia process α-syn intracellularly and intercellularly to facilitate the α-syn neuronal aggregation and cell-to-cell propagation. The conformational state of α-synuclein distinctly influences microglial inflammation, which can affect peripheral immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes and may regulate the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies. We also discuss ongoing research efforts to identify potential therapeutic approaches targeting both α-syn accumulation and inflammation in PD. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongrui Meng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Fornari Laurindo L, Aparecido Dias J, Cressoni Araújo A, Torres Pomini K, Machado Galhardi C, Rucco Penteado Detregiachi C, Santos de Argollo Haber L, Donizeti Roque D, Dib Bechara M, Vialogo Marques de Castro M, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira E, José Tofano R, Jasmin Santos German Borgo I, Maria Barbalho S. Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1305933. [PMID: 38259497 PMCID: PMC10800801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as a significant contributing factor. It involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage and neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways and decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due to limited effectiveness regarding the inhibition of neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth in the search for innovative therapies for alleviating neuroinflammation in CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling and Expression, Cold Exposure, and Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise to mitigate neuroinflammatory processes. These approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. While the findings are promising, immunomodulatory therapies often face limitations due to Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, the conduction of randomized clinical trials in this matter is mandatory, and will pave the way for a promising future in the development of new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Machado Galhardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Domingos Donizeti Roque
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iris Jasmin Santos German Borgo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Di Lazzaro G, Picca A, Boldrini S, Bove F, Marzetti E, Petracca M, Piano C, Bentivoglio AR, Calabresi P. Differential profiles of serum cytokines in Parkinson's disease according to disease duration. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106371. [PMID: 38061398 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are two intertwined mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Whether circulating biomarkers reflecting those two processes differ according to disease duration remains to be established. The present study was conducted to characterize the biomarkers individuals with PD with short (≤5 years) or long disease duration (>5 years). METHODS We consecutively enrolled 104 patients with Parkinson's disease and evaluated them using validated clinical scales (MDS-UPDRS, Hoehn and Yahr staging, MMSE). Serum samples were assayed for the following biomarkers: neurofilament light chain (NfL), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin (IL-) 1β, 4, 5, 6, 10, 17, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 66.0 ± 9.6 years and 45 (34%) were women. The average disease duration was 8 ± 5 years (range 1 to 19 years). Patients with short disease duration (≤ 5 years) showed a pro-inflammatory profile, with significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and lower concentrations of IL-5, IL-10 and IL-17 (p < 0.05). NfL serum levels showed a positive correlation with disease duration and age (respectively rho = 0.248, p = 0.014 and rho = 0.559, p < 0.001) while an opposite pattern was detected for BDNF (respectively rho -0,187, p = 0.034 and rho = -0.245, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory status may be observed in PD patients in the early phases of the disease, independently from age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Bove
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Petracca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Piano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bentivoglio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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24
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Guglietti B, Mustafa S, Corrigan F, Collins-Praino LE. Anatomical distribution of Fyn kinase in the human brain in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 118:105957. [PMID: 38101025 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fyn kinase is an Src family kinase (SFK) widely expressed in many tissues, including the CNS. Recently, Fyn kinase activation has been associated with pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases and, as such, the role of Fyn dysfunction is under investigation. In particular, Fyn is implicated as a major upstream regulator of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Chronic neuroinflammation has been observed not just in the substantia nigra (SN), but also in several key regions of the brain, with disruption associated with symptoms presentation in PD. This study aimed to characterise the anatomical distribution of Fyn in key brain regions affected in PD, namely the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and SN. METHODS Fresh and fixed post-mortem PD brain samples (n = 10) were collected and compared with neurologically healthy age-matched controls (n = 7) to assess markers of Fyn activity and neuroinflammation. RESULTS Increased Fyn phosphorylation was observed in SN and striatum of post-mortem samples from PD patients compared with controls. No such increase was observed in the prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. In contrast with previous findings, no increase in microglial activation or astrocyte reactivity was observed in PD brains across regions. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that Fyn dysfunction may be involved in the pathological processes observed in PD; however, this appears to be independent of inflammatory mechanisms. Further investigations are required to elucidate if increased Fyn activity is a potential cause or consequence of pathological processing in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Guglietti
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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25
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Zhang W, Liu W, Zhao YD, Xing LZ, Xu J, Li RJ, Zhang YX. The potential of Rhein's aromatic amines for Parkinson's disease prevention and treatment: α-Synuclein aggregation inhibition and disaggregation of preformed fibers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129564. [PMID: 38000482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of α-Syn is a pivotal mechanism in Parkinson's disease (PD). Effectively maintaining α-Syn proteostasis involves both inhibiting its aggregation and promoting disaggregation. In this study, we developed a series of aromatic amide derivatives based on Rhein. Two of these compounds, 4,5-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxamide (a5) and 4,5-dihydroxy-N-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxamide (a8), exhibited good binding affinities to α-Syn residues, demonstrating promising inhibitory activity against α-Syn aggregation in vitro, with low IC50 values (1.35 and 1.08 μM, respectivly). These inhibitors acted throughout the entire aggregation process by stabilizing α-Syn's conformation and preventing the formation of β-sheet aggregates. They also effectively disassembled preformed α-Syn oligomers and fibrils. Preliminary mechanistic insights indicated that they bound to the specific domain within fibrils, inducing fibril instability, collapse, and the formation of smaller aggregates and monomeric α-Syn units. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of Rhein's aromatic amides in targeting α-Syn aggregation for PD treatment and suggests broader applications in managing and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Xing
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Rui-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
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26
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Boyton I, Valenzuela SM, Collins-Praino LE, Care A. Neuronanomedicine for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: Current progress and a guide to improve clinical translation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:631-651. [PMID: 37967664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronanomedicine is an emerging multidisciplinary field that aims to create innovative nanotechnologies to treat major neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). A key component of neuronanomedicine are nanoparticles, which can improve drug properties and demonstrate enhanced safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier, a major improvement on existing therapeutic approaches. In this review, we critically analyze the latest nanoparticle-based strategies to modify underlying disease pathology to slow or halt AD/PD progression. We find that a major roadblock for neuronanomedicine translation to date is a poor understanding of how nanoparticles interact with biological systems (i.e., bio-nano interactions), which is partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. Accordingly, this review makes a set of specific recommendations to help guide researchers to harness the unique properties of nanoparticles and thus realise breakthrough treatments for AD/PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- India Boyton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Gadigal Country, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Stella M Valenzuela
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Gadigal Country, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Care
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Gadigal Country, NSW 2007, Australia.
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27
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Liu W, Zhang W, Xing LZ, Zhao YD, Xu J, Li RJ, Zhang YX. 4-Arylidene curcumin derivatives in vitro inhibit α-Synuclein aggregation and disaggregate the preformed fibril. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117529. [PMID: 37976808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the misfolding and aggregation of α-Syn as a central mechanism linking various pathological processes in PD. Maintaining α-Syn proteostasis through suitable inhibitors emerges as an effective approach to prevent PD. A more efficient strategy for PD treatment involves disintegrating neurotoxic oligomers and fibrils into normal functional α-Syn using inhibitors. To this end, a series of 4-arylidene curcumin derivatives were synthesized with a sheet-like conjugated skeleton and higher binding energies with α-Syn residues. Among these derivatives, three candidate compounds exhibited promising α-Syn aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro, with IC50 values as low as 0.61 μM. The inhibitory action extended throughout the entire aggregation process, stabilizing α-Syn proteostasis conformation and preventing β-sheets aggregation. Furthermore, the candidate compounds demonstrated effective disintegration capabilities against preformed α-Syn oligomers and fibrils. Initial mechanistic investigations indicated that the inhibitors may bind to a specific domain within the fibril, inducing fibril instability and subsequent collapse. This process resulted in the formation of a complex system of aggregates with smaller sizes and monomers. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential of 4-arylidene curcumin derivatives as therapeutic agents for targeting α-Syn aggregation in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Xing
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Rui-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
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28
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Brand-Rubalcava PA, Tejeda-Martínez AR, González-Reynoso O, Nápoles-Medina AY, Chaparro-Huerta V, Flores-Soto ME. β-Caryophyllene decreases neuroinflammation and exerts neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons in a model of hemiparkinsonism through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 117:105906. [PMID: 37924806 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease represents a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons within the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc), resulting in diminished dopamine levels in the striatum (STR) and chronic neuroinflammation. Recent investigations have proposed the neuroprotective potential of the endocannabinoid system in neurodegenerative disorders. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, attributed to its activation of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective impact of BCP on dopaminergic neurons, with a particular focus on inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. METHODS A model of hemiparkinsonism, induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), served as the experimental framework. Motor function was evaluated using the cylinder test, and inflammasome inhibition was determined by assessing the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in both the SNpc and STR through ELISA analysis. Furthermore, the evaluation of oxidative stress was facilitated by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the same regions. RESULTS BCP treatment demonstrated significant improvements in motor dysfunction, as assessed by the cylinder test (p=0.0011) and exhibited a neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons within the SNpc (p=0.0017), as well as nerve fibers in the STR (p=0.0399). In terms of its ability to inhibit the inflammasome, BCP led to decreased expression levels of NLRP3 (p=0.0401 in STR and p = 0.0139 in SNpc), caspase-1 (p=0.0004 in STR), and MDA (p=0.0085 in STR and p=0.0414 in SNpc). CONCLUSION These results point to BCP's potential in mitigating the motor deficit, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and attenuating lipid peroxidation induced by 6-OHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alejandra Brand-Rubalcava
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social., Sierra Mojada 800, Independencia Oriente, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, C.P. 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Aldo Rafael Tejeda-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social., Sierra Mojada 800, Independencia Oriente, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Orfil González-Reynoso
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, C.P. 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Angelica Yanet Nápoles-Medina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social., Sierra Mojada 800, Independencia Oriente, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Verónica Chaparro-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social., Sierra Mojada 800, Independencia Oriente, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Eduardo Flores-Soto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social., Sierra Mojada 800, Independencia Oriente, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Zeng N, Wang Q, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Yan J. A review of studies on the implication of NLRP3 inflammasome for Parkinson's disease and related candidate treatment targets. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105610. [PMID: 37704080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease for which the prevalence is second only to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This disease primarily affects people of middle and old age, significantly impacting their health and quality of life. The main pathological features include the degenerative nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss and Lewy body (LB) formation. Currently, available PD medications primarily aim to alleviate clinical symptoms, however, there is no universally recognized therapy worldwide that effectively prevents, clinically treats, stops, or reverses the disease. Consequently, the evaluation and exploration of potential therapeutic targets for PD are of utmost importance. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of PD remains unknown, and neuroinflammation mediated by inflammatory cytokines that prompts neuron death is fundamental for the progression of PD. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key complex of proteins linking the neuroinflammatory cascade in PD. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) alleviates PD by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome. This article aims to comprehensively review the available studies on the composition and activating mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome, along with its significance in PD pathogenesis and potential treatment targets. We also review natural products or synthetic compounds which reduce neuroinflammation via modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity, aiming to identify new targets for future PD diagnosis and treatment through the exploration of NLRP3 inhibitors. Additionally, this review offers valuable references for developing new PD treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Jianguo Yan
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Sharma P, Kishore A, De I, Negi S, Kumar G, Bhardwaj S, Singh M. Mitigating neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: Exploring the role of proinflammatory cytokines and the potential of phytochemicals as natural therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105604. [PMID: 37683836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neuroinflammatory illnesses, characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Proinflammatory cytokines play a key role in initiating and perpetuating neuroinflammation, which can lead to the activation of glial cells and the deregulation of inflammatory pathways, ultimately leading to permanent brain damage. Currently, available drugs for PD mostly alleviate symptoms but do not target underlying inflammatory processes. There is a growing interest in exploring the potential of phytochemicals to mitigate neuroinflammation. Phytochemicals such as resveratrol, apigenin, catechin, anthocyanins, amentoflavone, quercetin, berberine, and genistein have been studied for their ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels in the brain. These plant-derived compounds offer a natural and potentially safe alternative to conventional drugs for managing neuroinflammation in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, further research is necessary to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action and clinical effectiveness. So, this review delves into the pathophysiology of PD and its intricate relationship with proinflammatory cytokines, and explores how their insidious contributions fuel the disease's initiation and progression via cytokine-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, we tried to give an account of PD management using existing drugs along with their limitations. Furthermore, our aim is to provide a thorough overview of the diverse groups of phytochemicals, their plentiful sources, and the current understanding of their anti-neuroinflammatory properties. Through this exploration, we posit the innovative idea that consuming nutrient-rich phytochemicals could be an effective approach to preventing and treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Abhinoy Kishore
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Indranil De
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Swarnima Negi
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sahil Bhardwaj
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Singh J, Habean ML, Panicker N. Inflammasome assembly in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:814-831. [PMID: 37633753 PMCID: PMC10530301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive dysfunction and death of selectively vulnerable neuronal populations, often associated with the accumulation of aggregated host proteins. Sustained brain inflammation and hyperactivation of inflammasome complexes have been increasingly demonstrated to contribute to neurodegenerative disease progression. Here, we review molecular mechanisms leading to inflammasome assembly in neurodegeneration. We focus primarily on four degenerative brain disorders in which inflammasome hyperactivation has been well documented: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and the spectrum of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We discuss shared and divergent principles of inflammasome assembly across these disorders, and underscore the differences between neurodegeneration-associated inflammasome activation pathways and their peripheral-immune counterparts. We examine how aberrant assembly of inflammasome complexes may amplify pathology in neurodegeneration, including misfolded protein aggregation, and highlight prospects for neurotherapeutic interventions based on targeting inflammasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjit Singh
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria L Habean
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Biomedical Scientist Training Program (Department of Neurosciences), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nikhil Panicker
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Kent State University, Neurosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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32
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Yang PN, Chen WL, Lee JW, Lin CH, Chen YR, Lin CY, Lin W, Yao CF, Wu YR, Chang KH, Chen CM, Lee-Chen GJ. Coumarin-chalcone hybrid LM-021 and indole derivative NC009-1 targeting inflammation and oxidative stress to protect BE(2)-M17 cells against α-synuclein toxicity. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8061-8089. [PMID: 37578928 PMCID: PMC10497001 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is featured mainly by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in the substantia nigra of brain. The α-synuclein fibrils and aggregates lead to increased oxidative stress and neural toxicity in PD. Chronic inflammation mediated by microglia is one of the hallmarks of PD pathophysiology. In this report, we showed that coumarin-chalcone hybrid LM-021 and indole derivative NC009-1 reduced the expression of major histocompatibility complex-II, NLR family pyrin domain containing (NLRP) 3, caspase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in α-synuclein-activated mouse BV-2 microglia. Release of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was also mitigated. In BE(2)-M17 cells expressing A53T α-synuclein aggregates, LM-021 and NC009-1 reduced α-synuclein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and promoted neurite outgrowth. These protective effects were mediated by downregulating NLRP1, IL-1β and IL-6, and their downstream pathways including nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα)/NF-κB P65 subunit (P65), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/proto-oncogene c-Jun (JUN), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (P38)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3. The study results indicate LM-021 and NC009-1 as potential new drug candidates for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ning Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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Wu J, Li Y, Huang Y, Liu L, Zhang H, Nagy C, Tan X, Cheng K, Liu Y, Pu J, Wang H, Wu Q, Perry SW, Turecki G, Wong ML, Licinio J, Zheng P, Xie P. Integrating spatial and single-nucleus transcriptomic data elucidates microglial-specific responses in female cynomolgus macaques with depressive-like behaviors. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1352-1364. [PMID: 37443281 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder represents a serious public health challenge worldwide; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we profile the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of female cynomolgus macaques with social stress-associated depressive-like behaviors using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. We find gene expression changes associated with depressive-like behaviors mostly in microglia, and we report a pro-inflammatory microglia subpopulation enriched in the depressive-like condition. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data result in the identification of six enriched gene modules associated with depressive-like behaviors, and these modules are further resolved by spatial transcriptomics. Gene modules associated with huddle and sit alone behaviors are expressed in neurons and oligodendrocytes of the superficial cortical layer, while gene modules associated with locomotion and amicable behaviors are enriched in microglia and astrocytes in mid-to-deep cortical layers. The depressive-like behavior associated microglia subpopulation is enriched in deep cortical layers. In summary, our findings show cell-type and cortical layer-specific gene expression changes and identify one microglia subpopulation associated with depressive-like behaviors in female non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xunmin Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Seth W Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
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Cabrera Ranaldi EDLRM, Nuytemans K, Martinez A, Luca CC, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Proof-of-Principle Study of Inflammasome Signaling Proteins as Diagnostic Biomarkers of the Inflammatory Response in Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:883. [PMID: 37375830 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates, and motor deficits. A major contributor to dopaminergic neuronal loss is neuroinflammation. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that perpetuates neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders including PD. Increases in inflammasome proteins are associated with worsened pathology. Thus, the inhibition of inflammatory mediators has the potential to aid in PD treatment. Here, we investigated inflammasome signaling proteins as potential biomarkers of the inflammatory response in PD. Plasma from PD subjects and healthy age-matched controls were evaluated for levels of the inflammasome protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-18. This was carried out using Simple Plex technology to identify changes in inflammasome proteins in the blood of PD subjects. The area under the curve (AUC) was obtained through calculation of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to obtain information on biomarker reliability and traits. Additionally, we completed a stepwise regression selected from the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) to assess how the inflammasome proteins caspase-1 and ASC contribute to IL-18 levels in people with PD. PD subjects demonstrated elevated caspase-1, ASC, and IL-18 levels when compared to controls; each of these proteins were found to be promising biomarkers of inflammation in PD. Furthermore, inflammasome proteins were determined to significantly contribute to and predict IL-18 levels in subjects with PD. Thus, we demonstrated that inflammasome proteins serve as reliable biomarkers of inflammation in PD and that inflammasome proteins provide significant contributions to IL-18 levels in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika D L R M Cabrera Ranaldi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karen Nuytemans
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anisley Martinez
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Corneliu C Luca
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Wang S, Hu Q, Chang Z, Liu Y, Gao Y, Luo X, Zhou L, Chen Y, Cui Y, Wang Z, Wang B, Huang Y, Liu Y, Liu R, Zhang L. Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharides exert anti-lung cancer effects upon targeting TLR4 to reverse the tumor-associated macrophage phenotype and promote T-cell infiltration. Food Funct 2023; 14:4607-4620. [PMID: 37158366 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) participate in tumorigenesis, growth, invasion as well as metastasis by facilitating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Reversing the pro-tumoral M2 phenotype of TAMs has become a hot spot in advancing cancer immunotherapy. In the current study, the content of Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharides (MOLP) was determined and characterized, along with the anti-cancer mechanism of MOLP studied in a Lewis lung cancer (LLC) tumor-bearing mouse model and bone marrow-derived macrophages. The monosaccharide composition and gel permeation chromatography analyses show that MOLP are mainly composed of galactose, glucose, and arabinose, with approximately 17.35 kDa average molecular weight (Mw). In vivo studies demonstrate that MOLP convert TAMs from the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype to the antitumor M1 phenotype, thus inducing CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression and increasing T-cell infiltration in the tumor. Furthermore, macrophage depletion and T cell suppression demonstrated that the tumor suppressive effect of MOLP was reliant on reprogramming macrophage polarization and T cell infiltration. In vitro studies revealed that MOLP could induce the phenotypic switch from M2 macrophages to M1 by targeting TLR4. The current study highlights that MOLP are promising anticancer plant-derived polysaccharides with potential in modulating the immune microenvironment and have a bright application prospect in the immunotherapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Zihao Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Yuqi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Ye Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Lipeng Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Yinxin Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Yitong Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Baojin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Ya Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Lanzhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China.
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Chakraborty R, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Zurzolo C. Tunnelling nanotubes between neuronal and microglial cells allow bi-directional transfer of α-Synuclein and mitochondria. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:329. [PMID: 37202391 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tunnelling Nanotubes (TNTs) facilitate contact-mediated intercellular communication over long distances. Material transfer via TNTs can range from ions and intracellular organelles to protein aggregates and pathogens. Prion-like toxic protein aggregates accumulating in several neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, have been shown to spread via TNTs not only between neurons, but also between neurons-astrocytes, and neurons-pericytes, indicating the importance of TNTs in mediating neuron-glia interactions. TNT-like structures were also reported between microglia, however, their roles in neuron-microglia interaction remain elusive. In this work, we quantitatively characterise microglial TNTs and their cytoskeletal composition, and demonstrate that TNTs form between human neuronal and microglial cells. We show that α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates increase the global TNT-mediated connectivity between cells, along with the number of TNT connections per cell pair. Homotypic TNTs formed between microglial cells, and heterotypic TNTs between neuronal and microglial cells are furthermore shown to be functional, allowing movement of both α-Syn and mitochondria. Quantitative analysis shows that α-Syn aggregates are transferred predominantly from neuronal to microglial cells, possibly as a mechanism to relieve the burden of accumulated aggregates. By contrast, microglia transfer mitochondria preferably to α-Syn burdened neuronal cells over the healthy ones, likely as a potential rescue mechanism. Besides describing novel TNT-mediated communication between neuronal and microglial cells, this work allows us to better understand the cellular mechanisms of spreading neurodegenerative diseases, shedding light on the role of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Chakraborty
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Paris, France.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Ali T, Klein AN, Vu A, Arifin MI, Hannaoui S, Gilch S. Peptide aptamer targeting Aβ-PrP-Fyn axis reduces Alzheimer's disease pathologies in 5XFAD transgenic mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:139. [PMID: 37149826 PMCID: PMC10164677 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, no effective therapeutics exist for the treatment of incurable neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cellular prion protein (PrPC) acts as a high-affinity receptor for amyloid beta oligomers (AβO), a main neurotoxic species mediating AD pathology. The interaction of AβO with PrPC subsequently activates Fyn tyrosine kinase and neuroinflammation. Herein, we used our previously developed peptide aptamer 8 (PA8) binding to PrPC as a therapeutic to target the AβO-PrP-Fyn axis and prevent its associated pathologies. Our in vitro results indicated that PA8 prevents the binding of AβO with PrPC and reduces AβO-induced neurotoxicity in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells and primary hippocampal neurons. Next, we performed in vivo experiments using the transgenic 5XFAD mouse model of AD. The 5XFAD mice were treated with PA8 and its scaffold protein thioredoxin A (Trx) at a 14.4 µg/day dosage for 12 weeks by intraventricular infusion through Alzet® osmotic pumps. We observed that treatment with PA8 improves learning and memory functions of 5XFAD mice as compared to Trx-treated 5XFAD mice. We found that PA8 treatment significantly reduces AβO levels and Aβ plaques in the brain tissue of 5XFAD mice. Interestingly, PA8 significantly reduces AβO-PrP interaction and its downstream signaling such as phosphorylation of Fyn kinase, reactive gliosis as well as apoptotic neurodegeneration in the 5XFAD mice compared to Trx-treated 5XFAD mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that treatment with PA8 targeting the AβO-PrP-Fyn axis is a promising and novel approach to prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Antonia N Klein
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alex Vu
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria I Arifin
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Samia Hannaoui
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sabine Gilch
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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He W, Hu Z, Zhong Y, Wu C, Li J. The Potential of NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Therapeutic Target in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2520-2538. [PMID: 36680735 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 (NLRP3: NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome is the best-described inflammasome that plays a crucial role in the innate immune system and a wide range of diseases. The intimate association of NLRP3 with neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and strokes, further emphasizes its prominence as a clinical target for pharmacological intervention. However, after decades of exploration, the mechanism of NLRP3 activation remains indefinite. This review highlights recent advances and gaps in our insights into the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we present several emerging pharmacological approaches of clinical translational potential targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in neurological diseases. More importantly, despite small-molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome, we have focused explicitly on Chinese herbal medicine and botanical ingredients, which may be splendid therapeutics by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome for central nervous system disorders. We expect that we can contribute new perspectives to the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenfang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Yang Y, Jiang G, Huang R, Liu Y, Chang X, Fu S. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic retinopathy: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115569. [PMID: 37100255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common diabetic microvascular complication and the main cause of vision loss in working-aged people. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multimeric complex that plays a significant role in innate immunity. After sensing injury, the NLRP3 inflammasome induces inflammatory mediator secretion and triggers a form of inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. Studies over the past five years have shown increased expression of NLRP3 and related inflammatory mediators in vitreous samples from DR patients at different clinical stages. Many NLRP3-targeted inhibitors have shown great antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetes mellitus models, suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the progression of DR. This review covers the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DR, including the induction of pyroptosis and inflammation and the promotion of microangiopathy and retinal neurodegeneration. We also summarize the research progress on targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in DR therapeutics with the expectation of providing new insights into DR progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, The People's Republic of China, 730000
| | - Gengchen Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, The People's Republic of China, 730000
| | - Runchun Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, The People's Republic of China, 730000
| | - Yi Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, The People's Republic of China, 730000
| | - Xingyu Chang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, The People's Republic of China, 730000
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, The People's Republic of China, 730000; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Endocrine Disease, Gansu, The People's Republic of China, 730000.
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Mazzotta GM, Ceccato N, Conte C. Synucleinopathies Take Their Toll: Are TLRs a Way to Go? Cells 2023; 12:cells12091231. [PMID: 37174631 PMCID: PMC10177040 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and subsequent abnormal accumulation and aggregation of α-Synuclein (αSyn) as insoluble fibrils in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and several neurodegenerative disorders. A combination of environmental and genetic factors is linked to αSyn misfolding, among which neuroinflammation is recognized to play an important role. Indeed, a number of studies indicate that a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated neuroinflammation might lead to a dopaminergic neural loss, suggesting that TLRs could participate in the pathogenesis of PD as promoters of immune/neuroinflammatory responses. Here we will summarize our current understanding on the mechanisms of αSyn aggregation and misfolding, focusing on the contribution of TLRs to the progression of α-synucleinopathies and speculating on their link with the non-motor disturbances associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Ceccato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
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Shani S, Goldstein O, Gana-Weisz M, Bar-Shira A, Thaler A, Gurevich T, Mirelman A, Giladi N, Alcalay RN, Orr-Urtreger A. Variants in PSMB9 and FGR differentially affect Parkinson's disease risk in GBA and LRRK2 mutation carriers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 111:105398. [PMID: 37116292 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies found an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and alterations in the innate immune system. However, whether the involvement of this system in two of the known genetic forms of PD, GBA-PD and LRRK2-PD, and in patients who do not carry these mutations is different, is yet to be determined. We aimed to test if genetic variations in the innate immune genes are differentially associated with PD in these subgroups. METHODS Innate immune genes were identified and classified into sub-lists according to Reactome pathways. Whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) was performed on 201 unrelated Ashkenazi-Jewish (AJ) PD patients including 104 GBA-PD, 32 LRRK2-PD, and 65 non-carriers-PD (NC-PD). To identify genes with different burden between these subgroups of PD, gene-based Sequence kernel association optimal unified test (SKAT-O) analysis was performed on innate immune pathways. Candidate variants within the significant genes were further genotyped in a cohort of 1200 unrelated, consecutively recruited, AJ-PD patients, and to evaluate their association with PD-risk their allele frequencies were compared to AJ-non-neuro cases in gnomAD database, in a stratified and un-stratified manner. RESULTS SKAT-O analysis showed significantly different burden for PSMB9 (GBA-PD versus NC-PD) and FGR (GBA-PD versus LRRK2-PD). Two candidate variants in PSMB9 showed an association with GBA-PD-risk and NC-PD-risk while one FGR variant showed an association with LRRK2-PD-risk. CONCLUSION Our data supports differential involvement of innate immunity risk alleles in PD and emphasizes the differences between the GBA- and LRRK2-PD subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Shani
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orly Goldstein
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Mali Gana-Weisz
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Bar-Shira
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avner Thaler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Gurevich
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Brain Division Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Lind-Holm Mogensen F, Scafidi A, Poli A, Michelucci A. PARK7/DJ-1 in microglia: implications in Parkinson's disease and relevance as a therapeutic target. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:95. [PMID: 37072827 PMCID: PMC10111685 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the immune effector cells of the brain playing critical roles in immune surveillance and neuroprotection in healthy conditions, while they can sustain neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic processes in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the precise triggers of PD remain obscure, causative genetic mutations, which aid in the identification of molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of idiopathic forms, represent 10% of the patients. Among the inherited forms, loss of function of PARK7, which encodes the protein DJ-1, results in autosomal recessive early-onset PD. Yet, although protection against oxidative stress is the most prominent task ascribed to DJ-1, the underlying mechanisms linking DJ-1 deficiency to the onset of PD are a current matter of investigation. This review provides an overview of the role of DJ-1 in neuroinflammation, with a special focus on its functions in microglia genetic programs and immunological traits. Furthermore, it discusses the relevance of targeting dysregulated pathways in microglia under DJ-1 deficiency and their importance as therapeutic targets in PD. Lastly, it addresses the prospect to consider DJ-1, detected in its oxidized form in idiopathic PD, as a biomarker and to take into account DJ-1-enhancing compounds as therapeutics dampening oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue Des Haut Forneuaux, L-4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue Des Haut Forneuaux, L-4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Moradi Vastegani S, Nasrolahi A, Ghaderi S, Belali R, Rashno M, Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03904-0. [PMID: 36943668 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder whose pathogenesis is not completely understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress have been considered as major causes and central events responsible for the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in PD. Therefore, investigating mitochondrial disorders plays a role in understanding the pathogenesis of PD and can be an important therapeutic target for this disease. This study discusses the effect of environmental, genetic and biological factors on mitochondrial dysfunction and also focuses on the mitochondrial molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, and its possible therapeutic targets in PD, including reactive oxygen species generation, calcium overload, inflammasome activation, apoptosis, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamics. Other potential therapeutic strategies such as mitochondrial transfer/transplantation, targeting microRNAs, using stem cells, photobiomodulation, diet, and exercise were also discussed in this review, which may provide valuable insights into clinical aspects. A better understanding of the roles of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of PD may provide a rationale for designing novel therapeutic interventions in our fight against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rafie Belali
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Dong-Chen X, Yong C, Yang X, Chen-Yu S, Li-Hua P. Signaling pathways in Parkinson's disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:73. [PMID: 36810524 PMCID: PMC9944326 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and its treatment remains a big challenge. The pathogenesis of PD may be related to environmental and genetic factors, and exposure to toxins and gene mutations may be the beginning of brain lesions. The identified mechanisms of PD include α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and gut dysbiosis. The interactions among these molecular mechanisms complicate the pathogenesis of PD and pose great challenges to drug development. At the same time, the diagnosis and detection of PD are also one of obstacles to the treatment of PD due to its long latency and complex mechanism. Most conventional therapeutic interventions for PD possess limited effects and have serious side effects, heightening the need to develop novel treatments for this disease. In this review, we systematically summarized the pathogenesis, especially the molecular mechanisms of PD, the classical research models, clinical diagnostic criteria, and the reported drug therapy strategies, as well as the newly reported drug candidates in clinical trials. We also shed light on the components derived from medicinal plants that are newly identified for their effects in PD treatment, with the expectation to provide the summary and outlook for developing the next generation of drugs and preparations for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong-Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - ShenTu Chen-Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li-Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, P. R. China.
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NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Related Mitochondrial Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:832-844. [PMID: 36757612 PMCID: PMC10169990 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Lewy bodies, which are mainly composed of alpha-synuclein fibrils. Alpha-synuclein plays a vital role in the neuroinflammation mediated by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in PD. A better understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and the related mitochondrial impairment during PD progression may facilitate the development of promising therapies for PD. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation, comprising priming and protein complex assembly, as well as the role of mitochondrial impairment and its subsequent inflammatory effects on the progression of neurodegeneration in PD. In addition, the therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for PD treatment are discussed, including the inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammatory pathways, mitochondria-focused treatments, microRNAs, and other therapeutic compounds.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Allocryptopine via the Target on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis/GNB5/AKT/NF-κB/Apoptosis in Dextran Sulfate-Induced Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020464. [PMID: 36831001 PMCID: PMC9952939 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Allocryptopine (ALL) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Macleaya cordata(Willd). R. Br., which has been claimed to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection properties. However, the mechanism by which ALL ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. Here, we used network pharmacology and quantitative proteomic approaches to investigate the effect of ALL on IBD pathogenesis. Network pharmacology predicted potential targets and signaling pathways of ALL's anti-IBD effects. As predicted by network pharmacology, gene ontology (GO) analysis, in terms of the proteomic results, showed that the immune response in mucosa and antimicrobial humoral response were enriched. Further study revealed that the ALL-related pathways were the chemokine signaling pathway and apoptosis in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In addition, we identified AKT1 as a hub for the critical pathways through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Similar to mesalazine (MES), Western blot verified that ALL downregulated upstream chemokine CX3CL1 and GNB5 content to reduce phosphorylation of AKT and NF-κB, as well as the degree of apoptosis, to improve inflammatory response in the colon. Our research may shed light on the mechanism by which ALL inhibits the CX3CL1/GNB5/AKT2/NF-κB/apoptosis pathway and improves the intestinal barrier to reduce colitis response and act on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis to achieve neuroprotection.
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Chronic Microcystin-LR-Induced α-Synuclein Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:884-900. [PMID: 36385231 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) has been confirmed to cause blood-brain barrier disruption and enter the brain tissue, resulting in non-negligible toxic effects. However, the neurotoxicity of MC-LR is mainly unknown. This study revealed that MC-LR disrupted the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neurons, which inhibited the degradation of α-synuclein (α-syn), leading to its release from neurons for transport into microglia. α-Syn is the main component of Lewy bodies, which has been identified as one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). In vitro, we observed that α-syn mediated by MC-LR activated HMC3 cells and polarized them towards M1 type. In addition, we confirmed that α-syn was transported into HMC3 cells through TLR4 receptors and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn enhanced the maturation and release of IL-18 and IL-1β. In the mouse models of chronic MC-LR exposure, a large number of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were deposited in brain tissue, and activation of NLRP3 in microglia was also observed in the midbrain. Collectively, MC-LR exposure promoted the pathological spread of α-syn from cell to cell, activated NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia, and generated neuroinflammation, in which the TLR4 receptor played a substantial effect.
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Abdi IY, Bartl M, Dakna M, Abdesselem H, Majbour N, Trenkwalder C, El-Agnaf O, Mollenhauer B. Cross-sectional proteomic expression in Parkinson's disease-related proteins in drug-naïve patients vs healthy controls with longitudinal clinical follow-up. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105997. [PMID: 36634823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to find reliable and accessible blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) correlating with clinical symptoms and displaying predictive potential to improve future clinical trials. This led us to a conduct large-scale proteomics approach using an advanced high-throughput proteomics technology to create a proteomic profile for PD. Over 1300 proteins were measured in serum samples from a de novo Parkinson's (DeNoPa) cohort made up of 85 deep clinically phenotyped drug-naïve de novo PD patients and 93 matched healthy controls (HC) with longitudinal clinical follow-up available of up to 8 years. The analysis identified 73 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of which 14 proteins were confirmed as stable potential diagnostic markers using machine learning tools. Among the DEPs identified, eight proteins-ALCAM, contactin 1, CD36, DUS3, NEGR1, Notch1, TrkB, and BTK- significantly correlated with longitudinal clinical scores including motor and non-motor symptom scores, cognitive function and depression scales, indicating potential predictive values for progression in PD among various phenotypes. Known functions of these proteins and their possible relation to the pathophysiology or symptomatology of PD were discussed and presented with a particular emphasis on the potential biological mechanisms involved, such as cell adhesion, axonal guidance and neuroinflammation, and T-cell activation. In conclusion, with the use of advance multiplex proteomic technology, a blood-based protein signature profile was identified from serum samples of a well-characterized PD cohort capable of potentially differentiating PD from HC and predicting clinical disease progression of related motor and non-motor PD symptoms. We thereby highlight the need to validate and further investigate these markers in future prospective cohorts and assess their possible PD-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Yahya Abdi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Michael Bartl
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Mohammed Dakna
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nour Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse, Kassel, Germany.
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Anderson FL, Biggs KE, Rankin BE, Havrda MC. NLRP3 inflammasome in neurodegenerative disease. Transl Res 2023; 252:21-33. [PMID: 35952982 PMCID: PMC10614656 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a dysregulated neuro-glial microenvironment, culminating in functional deficits resulting from neuronal cell death. Inflammation is a hallmark of the neurodegenerative microenvironment and despite a critical role in tissue homeostasis, increasing evidence suggests that chronic inflammatory insult can contribute to progressive neuronal loss. Inflammation has been studied in the context of neurodegenerative disorders for decades but few anti-inflammatory treatments have advanced to clinical use. This is likely due to the related challenges of predicting and mitigating off-target effects impacting the normal immune response while detecting inflammatory signatures that are specific to the progression of neurological disorders. Inflammasomes are pro-inflammatory cytosolic pattern recognition receptors functioning in the innate immune system. Compelling pre-clinical data has prompted an intense interest in the role of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in neurodegenerative disease. NLRP3 is typically inactive but can respond to sterile triggers commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders including protein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial and oxidative stress, and exposure to disease-associated environmental toxicants. Clear evidence of enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activity in common neurodegenerative diseases has coincided with rapid advancement of novel small molecule therapeutics making the NLRP3 inflammasome an attractive target for near-term interventional studies. In this review, we highlight evidence from model systems and patients indicating inflammasome activity in neurodegenerative disease associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome's ability to recognize pathologic forms of amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein. We discuss inflammasome-driven pyroptotic processes highlighting the potential utility of evaluating extracellular inflammasome-related proteins in the context of biomarker discovery. We complete the report by pointing out gaps in our understanding of intracellular modifiers of inflammasome activity and mechanisms regulating the resolution of inflammasome activation. The literature review and perspectives provide a conceptual platform for continued analysis of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases through the study of inflammasomes and pyroptosis, mechanisms of inflammation and cell death now recognized to function in multiple highly prevalent neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Karl E Biggs
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Brynn E Rankin
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Kaushik A, Kujawska M, Ahmed EA, Batiha GES. SARS-COV-2 infection and Parkinson's disease: Possible links and perspectives. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:952-975. [PMID: 36717481 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The hallmarks are the presence of Lewy bodies composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein and immune activation and inflammation in the brain. The neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 with induction of cytokine storm and neuroinflammation can contribute to the development of PD. Interestingly, overexpression of α-synuclein in PD patients may limit SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; however, on the other hand, this virus can speed up the α-synuclein aggregation. The review aims to discuss the potential link between COVID-19 and the risk of PD, highlighting the need for further studies to authenticate the potential association. We have also overviewed the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the PD course and management. In this context, we presented the prospects for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and related PD cases that, beyond global vaccination and novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, may include the development of graphene-based nanoscale platforms offering antiviral and anti-amyloid strategies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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