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Olas B. The Cardioprotective Properties of Selected Nuts: Their Functional Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms. Foods 2024; 13:242. [PMID: 38254543 PMCID: PMC10814286 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuts have been known as a nutritious food since ancient times and can be considered part of our original diet: they are one of the few foods that have been eaten in the same form for thousands of years. They consist of various dry fruits and seeds, with the most common species being almonds (Prunus dulcis), hazelnuts (Corylus avellana), cashews (cashew nuts, Anacardium occidentale), pistachios (Pistacia vera), walnuts (Italian nuts, Juglans regia), peanuts (Arachia hypogaca), Brazil nuts (Bartholletia excels), pecans (Corya illinoinensis), macadamia nuts (Macademia ternifolia) and pine nuts. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have found nuts to possess a range of bioactive compounds with cardioprotective properties, and hence, their consumption may play a role in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The present work reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the functional ingredients of various nuts (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, pine nuts, pistachios, and walnuts) and the molecular mechanisms of their cardioprotective action. The data indicate that almonds, walnuts and pistachios are the best nut sources of bioactive ingredients with cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Mohammadifard N, Alavi Tabatabaei G, Haghighatdoost F, Zarepur E, Nouri F, Javanbakht S, Nouhi F, Alikhasi H, Kazemi T, Azdaki N, Salehi N, Solati K, Lotfizadeh M, Ghaffari S, Javanmardi E, Salari A, Dehghani M, Cheraghi M, Assareh A, Haybar H, Namayandeh SM, Madadi R, Sarrafzadegan N. The relationship between nut consumption and premature coronary artery disease in a representative sample of Iranians: Iran-premature coronary artery disease (IPAD) study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2771-2779. [PMID: 37927082 PMCID: PMC10755431 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cardioprotective effects of nuts are well established. However, the positive impacts of nuts in preventing CVD at a younger age, a condition known as premature coronary artery disease (PCAD), is still debated. Therefore, we aim to determine the association between nuts and PCAD occurrence and its severity in different Iranian ethnicities. DESIGN This case-control study was conducted within the framework of the Iran-premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD) study, an ongoing multi-centric study on Iranian patients of different ethnicities. SETTING This multi-centric case-control study was conducted in among 3253 persons under the age of 70 years in women and 60 years in men from different ethnicities in Iran. PARTICIPANTS Information on nut consumption was collected using a validated FFQ. Subjects were selected from among the candidates for angiography. Cases were those whose coronary angiography showed stenosis of more than 75 % in at least one vessel or more than 50 % of the left main artery, while the control group participants had normal angiography results. RESULTS In the crude model, compared to the first quartile, the highest quartile of nut consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of PCAD (OR = 0·26, 95 % CI (0·21, 0·32); Pfor trend = 0·001). In the top quartile of nut intake, a substantial decrease in PCAD was observed after controlling for putative confounders (OR = 0·32; 95 % CI (0·24, 0·43); Pfor trend = 0·001). Additionally, a 75 % decrease in the risk of severe PCAD was observed in the participants in the highest quartile of nut intake. CONCLUSION A significant inverse association was observed between nut intake and the risk and severity of PCAD in the Iranian population. Large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghazaal Alavi Tabatabaei
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahel Javanbakht
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereidoon Nouhi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran & President of Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR)
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research
| | - Hassan Alikhasi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nahid Azdaki
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nahid Salehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamal Solati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran & Member of the INCVR
| | - Elmira Javanmardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Department of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Assareh
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Member of the INCVR
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran & Member of the INCVR
| | | | - Reza Madadi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Lovell ST, Krishnaswamy K, Lin CH, Meier N, Revord RS, Thomas AL. Nuts and berries from agroforestry systems in temperate regions can form the foundation for a healthier human diet and improved outcomes from diet-related diseases. AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37363637 PMCID: PMC10249563 DOI: 10.1007/s10457-023-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry is a specific type of agroecosystem that includes trees and shrubs with the potential to yield nutrient-rich products that contribute to human health. This paper reviews the literature on the human health benefits of tree nut and berry species commonly associated with agroforestry systems of the United States, considering their potential for preventing certain diet-related diseases. Emphasis is placed on those diseases that are most closely associated with poor outcomes from COVID-19, as they are indicators of confounding health prognoses. Results indicate that tree nuts reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, and walnuts (Juglans species) are particularly effective because of their unique fatty acid profile. Berries that are grown on shrubs have the potential to contribute to mitigation of hypertension, prevention of Type II diabetes, and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. To optimize human health benefits, plant breeding programs can focus on the traits that enhance the naturally-occurring phytochemicals, through biofortification. Value-added processing techniques should be selected and employed to preserve the phytonutrients, so they are maintained through the point of consumption. Agroforestry systems can offer valuable human health outcomes for common diet-related diseases, in addition to providing many environmental benefits, particularly if they are purposefully designed with that goal in mind. The food system policies in the U.S. might be reoriented to prioritize these food production systems based on the health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Taylor Lovell
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Kiruba Krishnaswamy
- Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Nicholas Meier
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Ronald S. Revord
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Andrew L. Thomas
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, Southwest Research, Extension, and Education Center, University of Missouri, Mt. Vernon, MO USA
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Wang R, Hannan MT, Wang M, Schwartz AW, Lopez-Garcia E, Grodstein F. Long-Term Consumption of Nuts (Including Peanuts, Peanut Butter, Walnuts, and Other Nuts) in Relation to Risk of Frailty in Older Women: Evidence from a Cohort Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:820-827. [PMID: 36931754 PMCID: PMC10196568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to a healthy diet is inversely associated with frailty. However, the relationship between nuts, a key food group of Mediterranean diet, and frailty is unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the association between nut consumption and frailty in an aging female population. METHODS This population-based observational study included nonfrail women (≥60 y old) in the NHS from 11 states of the United States. Outcome was incident frailty, defined as having ≥3 of the FRAIL components (fatigue, lower strength, reduced aerobic capacity, multiple chronic conditions, and significant weight loss) and assessed every 4 y from 1992 to 2016. From 1990 to 2014, FFQs were used to assess the intakes of peanuts, peanut butter, walnuts (added in 1998), and other nuts at 4-y intervals. Exposure was total nut consumption, calculated as the sum of intakes of peanuts, peanut butter, walnuts, and other nuts and categorized into <1 serving/mo, 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, 2-4 servings/wk, and ≥5 servings/wk. The relations of intakes of peanuts, peanut butter, and walnuts with frailty were also investigated separately. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between nut consumption and frailty after adjusting for age, smoking, BMI, EI, diet quality, and medication use. RESULTS Among 71,704 participants, 14,195 incident frailty cases occurred over 1,165,290 person-years. The adjusted HR (95% CI) for consuming ≥5 servings/wk of nuts was 0.80 (0.73, 0.87), as compared with <1 serving/mo. Higher intakes of peanuts and walnuts, but not peanut butter, were also inversely associated with frailty. CONCLUSIONS This large prospective cohort study showed a strong and consistent inverse association between regular nut consumption and incident frailty. This suggests that nut consumption should be further tested as a convenient public health intervention for the preservation of health and well-being in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea W Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; New England Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute. CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Al-Naggar R, Osman M. The Effects of Consuming Almonds and Almond Oil on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_90_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Balakrishna R, Bjørnerud T, Bemanian M, Aune D, Fadnes LT. Consumption of Nuts and Seeds and Health Outcomes Including Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2136-2148. [PMID: 36041171 PMCID: PMC9776667 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of nuts and seeds is associated with a range of health outcomes. Summarizing the best evidence on essential health outcomes from the consumption of nuts is essential to provide optimal recommendations. Our objective is to comprehensively assess health outcome associations related to the consumption of nuts and seeds, using a culinary definition including tree nuts and peanuts (registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021258300). Health outcomes of interest include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, respiratory disease, mortality, and their disease biomarkers. We present associations for high compared with low consumption, per serving, and dose-response relations. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos were searched and screened for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was extracted from 89 articles on the consumption of nuts and relevant health outcomes, including 23 articles with meta-analysis on disease and mortality, 66 articles on biomarkers for disease, and 9 articles on allergy/adverse outcomes. Intake of nuts was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors, with moderate quality of evidence. An intake of 28 g/d nuts compared with not eating nuts was associated with a 21% RR reduction of cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease incidence and mortality, atrial fibrillation, and stroke mortality), an 11% risk reduction of cancer deaths, and 22% reduction in all-cause mortality. Nut consumption was also inversely associated with mortality from respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, and diabetes; however, associations between nut consumption and diabetes incidence were mixed. Meta-analyses of trials on biomarkers for disease generally mirrored meta-analyses from observational studies on cardiovascular disease, cancers, and diabetes. Allergy and related adverse reactions to nuts were observed in 1-2% of adult populations, with substantial heterogeneity between studies. Overall, the current evidence supports dietary recommendations to consume a handful of nuts and seeds per day for people without allergies to these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Balakrishna
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Arrout A, El Ghallab Y, El Otmani IS, Said AAH. Ethnopharmacological survey of plants prescribed by herbalists for traditional treatment of hypercholesterolemia in Casablanca, Morocco. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sari TP, Sirohi R, Krishania M, Bhoj S, Samtiya M, Duggal M, Kumar D, Badgujar PC. Critical overview of biorefinery approaches for valorization of protein rich tree nut oil industry by-product. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127775. [PMID: 35964919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review explores reutilization opportunities of protein-rich bio-waste derived from the major tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, and cashew nuts) oil processing industries through biorefinery strategies. The mechanically pressed out oil cakes of these nuts have high protein (45-55%), carbohydrate (30-35%), and fiber that could be utilized to produce bioactive peptides, biofuels, and dietary fiber, respectively; all of which can fetch substantially greater value than its current utilization as a cattle feed. Specific attention has been given to the production, characterization, and application of nut-based de-oiled cake hydrolysates for therapeutic benefits including antioxidant, antihypertensive and neuroprotective properties. The often-neglected safety/toxicological evaluation of the hydrolysates/peptide sequences has also been described. Based on the available data, it is concluded that enzymatic hydrolysis is a preferred method than microbial fermentation for the value addition of de-oiled tree nut cakes. Further, critical insights on the existing literature as well as potential research ideas have also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Sari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meena Krishania
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Mohali 140 306, India
| | - Suvarna Bhoj
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India
| | - Muskaan Duggal
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Mohali 140 306, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India; Division of Food Science and Technology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121 004, Haryana, India
| | - Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India.
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Azeez S, Chinma CE, Makanjuola AJ, Afolabi RO, Kolawole FL, Yohanna A. Effect of cashew nut protein concentrate substitution on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and consumer acceptability of wheat bread. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2200-2208. [PMID: 35602457 PMCID: PMC9114187 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of incorporating different proportions (5, 10, 15 and 20%) of cashew nut protein concentrate (CNPC) on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and consumer acceptability of bread was investigated. Substitution of wheat flour with CNPC increased the water and oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity, peak and final viscosities. Substitution of CNPC in wheat bread significantly increased the protein (12.69-22.04 g/100 g), ash, crude fiber, calcium, magnesium, iron (2.09-3.36 mg/100 g), phosphorus and zinc (0.79-1.57 mg/100 g) content, while carbohydrate value decreased. Substitution of wheat flour with CNPC in bread increased the loaf weight while specific volume decreased (4.36-2.21 cm3/g). Acceptable bread was prepared with up to 15% CNPC; which contained the highest total phenolics (2.64 mg GAE/g), DPPH radical scavenging activity (71.22 µmol TE/100 g), ferric reducing antioxidant power (427.77 µmol TE/100 g) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (195.68 µmol TE/100 g) than the 100% wheat bread (1.28 mg GAE/g, 40.81 µmol TE/100 g, 375.62 µmol TE/100 g and 154.02 µmol TE/100 g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakirah Azeez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Amina Joke Makanjuola
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - Fausat Lola Kolawole
- Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Audu Yohanna
- Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
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Khalili L, A-Elgadir TME, Mallick AK, El Enshasy HA, Sayyed RZ. Nuts as a Part of Dietary Strategy to Improve Metabolic Biomarkers: A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881843. [PMID: 35425791 PMCID: PMC9001892 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuts are in the spotlight because of their association with improved health outcomes. We aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies to evaluate the impact of nuts consumption on glycaemic and lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Methods Electronic searches for observational and intervention studies were undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct until 2022 for searching the studies aiming the application of different types of nuts and the beneficial effects of nuts in improving glycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results Results from 56 interventional, 9 narrative and 3 systematic reviews, and 12 meta-analysis studies, aiming at the evaluating beneficial effects of different types of nuts on metabolic markers, showed that nut consumption could improve metabolic markers, including glycaemic factors, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in both healthy and individuals with metabolic disorders in a type-, dose- and duration-dependent manner. According to their unique nutrient components, nuts can be known as a part of a healthy diet, resulting in improved metabolic biomarkers. Conclusion Considering the efficacy of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporation of, incorporating nuts the effectiveness of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporating nuts in the diet may prevent the incidence or aggravation of chronic metabolic diseases. Considering the health benefits of the nuts' components, including essential micronutrients, if consumed in the appropriate dose and duration to provide the necessary amount of effective micronutrients to improve health, we will see an improvement in metabolic factors. At the same time, more research is required to determine the optimal type, dose, and duration of nut intervention with regards to metabolic control and reducing the risk of developing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ayaz Khurram Mallick
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Insitute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, India
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Polmann G, Badia V, Danielski R, Ferreira SRS, Block JM. Nuts and Nut-Based Products: A Meta-Analysis from Intake Health Benefits and Functional Characteristics from Recovered Constituents. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2045495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Polmann
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Badia
- Department of Food Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Pinhalzinho, Brazil
| | - Renan Danielski
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Jane Mara Block
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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12
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Feng Y, Bi Y, Tang X, Zhang P, Tong J, Peng X, Tian J, Liang X. Protective Effects of Appropriate Amount of Nuts Intake on Childhood Blood Pressure Level: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:793672. [PMID: 35118090 PMCID: PMC8806033 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. Regular consumption of nuts may improve some BP in adults whereas evidence in children is relatively lacking. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of nuts intake on BP in children. METHODS Stratified cluster sampling was performed to include a total of 15,268 primary school children aged 6-12 years in urban and rural areas in Southwest China. The daily nuts intake dosage was collected by questionnaires, and generalized linear model (GLM) and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between nuts intake and BP. RESULTS For the total subjects, 11,130 (72.9%) participants consumed <35 g/day of nuts, 1,145 (7.5%) participants consumed 35 g/day ≤ nut <50 g/day of nuts, 2,053 (13.4%) participants consumed 50~100 g/day of nuts, and 940 (6.2%) participants consumed over 100 g/day of nut. For sex subgroup, 1,074 (13.53%) boys and 979 (13.35%) girls consumed 50~100 g/day of nuts. Compared with the 50~100 g/day of nuts intake group, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly different in <35 g/day, 35g/day ≤ nut <50 g/day, and >100 g/day nuts intake groups (all p < 0.001). The logistic regression showed that compared with the 50~100 g/day group, the other three groups are more likely associated with childhood hypertension (all p < 0.001). Therefore, a U-shaped relationship between nuts intake and BP level was identified. CONCLUSIONS The finding suggests that intake of 50~100 g/day nuts is the recommended dose of nuts intake to control childhood hypertension, as well as for cardioprotection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Tang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Jishuang Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
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Sapp PA, Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS. Peanuts or an Isocaloric Lower Fat, Higher Carbohydrate Nighttime Snack Have Similar Effects on Fasting Glucose in Adults with Elevated Fasting Glucose Concentrations: a 6-Week Randomized Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2021; 152:153-162. [PMID: 34562081 PMCID: PMC8754578 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycemic effects of peanuts are not well studied and no trials have been conducted in adults with elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Furthermore, intake of peanuts as a nighttime snack, an eating occasion affecting FPG, has not been examined. OBJECTIVES The aim was to determine the effect of consuming 28 g/d of peanuts as a nighttime snack for 6 wk on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk factors, compared with an isocaloric lower fat, higher carbohydrate (LFHC) snack (whole grain crackers and low-fat cheese), in adults with elevated FPG. METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 50 adults (FPG 100 ± 8 mg/dL) consumed dry roasted, unsalted peanuts [164 kcal; 11% energy (E) carbohydrate, 17% E protein, and 73% E fat] or a LFHC snack (164 kcal; 54% E carbohydrate, 17% E protein, and 33% E fat) in the evening (after dinner and before bedtime) for 6 wk with a 4-wk washout period. Primary (FPG) and secondary end points [Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), weight, insulin, fructosamine, lipids/lipoproteins, central and peripheral blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity] were evaluated at the beginning and end of each condition. Linear mixed models were used for data analysis. RESULTS FPG was not different between the peanut and LFHC conditions (end point mean difference: -0.6 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.7, 1.6; P = 0.67). There were no between-condition effects for secondary cardiometabolic endpoints. The HEI-2015 score was not different between the conditions (3.6 points; P = 0.19), although the seafood/plant protein (2.0 points; P < 0.01) and added sugar (0.8 points; P = 0.04) components were improved following peanut intake. The whole grain component was lower with peanuts compared with LFHC (-2.6 points; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In adults with elevated FPG, peanuts as a nighttime snack (28 g/d) did not affect FPG compared with an isocaloric LFHC snack after 6 wk.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03654651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Sapp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Park SK, Oh CM, Jung JY. The association between insulin resistance and the consumption of nut including peanut, pine nut and almonds in working-aged Korean population. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-8. [PMID: 34482855 PMCID: PMC9991658 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have reported that nuts intake is potentially beneficial to cardiometabolic health. However, there have been heterogeneous results regarding the association between nut intake/consumption and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin resistance (IR) is a major pathophysiology of DM. Thus, this study was to assess the association between nuts consumption and IR. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95 % CI for increased IR (adjusted OR (95 % CI)) were calculated according to the frequency of consuming one serving dose (15 g) of nuts including peanut, pine nut and almond (< 1/month, 1/month-1/week, 1-3/week, 3-5/week, ≥ 5/week). Elevated IR was defined in homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance corresponding to the fourth quartile levels within each study group. Subgroup analysis was conducted for gender, glycaemic status (normal, prediabetes and DM) and age (≥ and < 40 years). PARTICIPANTS 379 310 Koreans who received health check-up. RESULTS Compared with nut consumption < 1/month (reference), nuts consumption ≥ 1/month had the lower OR and 95 % CI for elevated IR (1/month-1/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·92), 1-3/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·87, 0·92), 3-5/week: 0·94 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·98) and ≥ 5/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·86, 0·94)). This association was more remarkable in women, normal glycaemic group and young age group (< 40 years). However, men, prediabetes, DM and old age group did not show the significant association. CONCLUSION Nuts consumption ≥ 1/month was less associated with elevated IR. Increased nuts consumption may have a favourable effect on IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Gervasi T, Barreca D, Laganà G, Mandalari G. Health Benefits Related to Tree Nut Consumption and Their Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115960. [PMID: 34073096 PMCID: PMC8198490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term studies with regular tree nut consumption have indicated positive outcomes for multiple health benefits. Here, we review the beneficial effects of tree nuts, highlighting the impact on glucose modulation, body weight management, cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, cognitive performance, and gut microbiota. Nuts are important sources of nutrients and phytochemicals, which, together with a healthy lipid profile, could help prevent certain chronic diseases, protect against oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve cognitive performance, thus reducing the impact of aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)906765187
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.)
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Use of almond flour and stevia in rice-based gluten-free cookie production. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:940-951. [PMID: 33678877 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The gluten-free cookies were produced by replacing rice flour (RF) and sucrose content with almond flour (AF) and stevia. Supplementation of AF caused to decrease the moisture content of the gluten-free cookies; while ash, total protein, total fat and total dietary fiber content increased. Regarding of total phenolics; extractable, hydrolyzable and bioaccessible fractions of gluten-free cookie samples that were produced with 30% of AF supplementation, were increased by 43.69-73% compared with the control group that was prepared with 100% RF (p ≤ 0.01). Gluten was detected in the cookies with neither RF nor AF. No cross-contamination was detected during the production, too. Quality characteristics of the gluten-free cookies reached the acceptable level while AF and stevia contents were increased. Protein and dietary fiber contents of the cookie with AF and stevia were enriched to 82 and 96%, while the total carbohydrate amount decreased 19% (p ≤ 0.01). The contents of TEACABTS and TEACFRAP of gluten-free cookies with AF and stevia were 5.72 ± 0.07 and 26.08 ± 0.49 µmol Trolox/g and higher than the control (100% RF + sucrose). It has found that physicochemical, nutrition and sensorial properties of gluten-free cookies that were produced with AF + stevia supplementation provided to produce more acceptable products. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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Neale EP, Tran G, Brown RC. Barriers and Facilitators to Nut Consumption: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239127. [PMID: 33297407 PMCID: PMC7729435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Habitual nut intake is associated with a range of health benefits; however, population consumption data suggests that most individuals do not meet current recommendations for nut intake. The literature has highlighted a range of barriers and facilitators to nut consumption, which should be considered when designing strategies to promote nut intake. Common barriers include confusion regarding the effects of nut consumption on body weight, perceptions that nuts are high in fat, or too expensive, and challenges due to dentition issues or nut allergies. Conversely, demographic characteristics such as higher education and income level, and a healthier lifestyle overall, are associated with higher nut intakes. Health professionals appear to play an important role in promoting nut intake; however, research suggests that knowledge of the benefits of nut consumption could be improved in many health professions. Future strategies to increase nut intake to meet public health recommendations must clarify misconceptions of the specific benefits of nut consumption, specifically targeting sectors of the population known to have lower nut consumption, and educate health professionals to promote nut intake. In addition, given the relatively small body of evidence exploring barriers and facilitators to nut consumption, further research exploring these factors is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Neale
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Georgie Tran
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Rachel C. Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand;
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18
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Hou L, Rashid M, Chhabra M, Chandrasekhar B, Amirthalingam P, Ray S, Li Z. The effect of Bertholletia excelsa on body weight, cholestrol, and c-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 57:102636. [PMID: 33271300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE(S) Bertholletia excelsa is a rich herbal source of anti-oxidants and phenols. The goal of this study is to evaluation the effect of bertholletia excelsa nut on body weight, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of sciences databases by two reviewers up to October 2019. Random effect model used to combine results. RESULTS Six studies included in analysis with 71 participants. The population was public population. Pooled results showed Bertholletia excelsa have reduction effect on triglyceride weighted mean difference (WMD: -8.23 mg/dl, 95 % CI -15.09, -1.38, I² = 0%), Cholesterol (WMD: -14.31 mg/dl, 95 % CI -23.38, -5.24, I² = 47 %), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -9.27 mg/dl, 95 % CI -13.48, -5.06, I² = 0%). CONCLUSION This study provided an evidence that Bertholletia excelsa nuts have reduction effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Muhammed Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagar, 571448, Karnataka, India
| | - Manik Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Boya Chandrasekhar
- Creative Educational Society's College of Pharmacy, Andra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sujoy Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Zhenzuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth people's Hospital of Jinan City, No.50 Normal Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China.
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Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Scuto M, Crupi R, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D. Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080660. [PMID: 32722199 PMCID: PMC7465066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anacardium occidentale L. is a medicinal plant with powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Acute inflammatory events cause tissue alterations, decrease of anti-oxidative endogenous enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, neutrophils infiltration, increase in the activities of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and pro-inflammatory release. Methods: Paw edema was induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan into the right hind paw in rats, but 30 min before a group of animals were orally treated with 100 mg/kg of cashew nuts to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative response. Results: In the present work, we found that (1) cashew nuts reduced the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema limiting the formation of edema and pain; (2) cashew nuts ameliorated the diminutions of the anti-oxidative enzymes caused by carrageenan injection; (3) cashew nuts decreased myeloperoxidase malondialdehyde activity induced by carrageenan; and (4) cashew nuts acted by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines response and nitrate/nitrite formation stimulated by carrageenan injection. Conclusions: The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects exerted by cashew nuts were relevant to oxygen free radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation, and inhibition of the formation of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765-208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765-208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
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Pahlavani N, Rostami D, Ebrahimi F, Azizi-Soleiman F. Nuts effects in chronic disease and relationship between walnuts and satiety: Review on the available evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Gluba-Brzozka A, Franczyk B, Rysz J. Cholesterol Disturbances and the Role of Proper Nutrition in CKD Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2820. [PMID: 31752189 PMCID: PMC6893650 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread disease with increasing prevalence in the modern society. Lipid disturbances are common in this group of patients. In most patients with CKD atherogenic dyslipidemia is observed. Dyslipidemia in patients with renal diseases increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and it accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease to its end stage. The amelioration of dyslipidemia and the lowering of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, insulin sensitivity and remnant lipoproteins levels may lead to the reduction in cardiovascular burden. Nutritional interventions can strengthen the beneficial effect of treatment and they play an important role in the preservation of overall well-being of the patients with CKD since the aim of appropriate diet is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, prevent malnutrition, and hamper the progression of kidney disease. The management of dyslipidemia, regardless of the presence of chronic kidney disease, should be initiated by the introduction of therapeutic lifestyle changes. The introduction of diet change was shown to exert beneficial effect on the lipid level lowering that reaches beyond pharmacological therapy. Currently available evidence give the impression that data on dietary interventions in CKD patients is not sufficient to make any clinical practice guidelines and is of low quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Brzozka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (J.R.)
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Ngakou Takam P, Tonfack Djikeng F, Kuate D, Nouemsi Kengne AP, Doungué Tsafack H, Makamwé I, Oben JE. Passiflora edulis seed oil from west Cameroon: Chemical characterization and assessment of its hypolipidemic effect in high-fat diet-induced rats. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3751-3758. [PMID: 31763024 PMCID: PMC6848813 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the in vivo hypolipidemic effect of west Cameroonian Passiflora edulis variety seed oil (PE) was assessed in female and male Wistar rats. The chemical properties of the oil were evaluated through the determination of the peroxide, iodine, and thiobarbituric acid values, as well as its fatty acid composition using gas chromatography. Results showed that the oil extraction yield was 19.90% and its quality indexes were as follows: peroxide value = 2.10 ± 0.20 meq O2/kg; thiobarbituric acid value = 0.25 ± 0.00 ppm; and iodine value = 97.40 ± 0.45 g I2/100 g. Its fatty acid composition showed that it contains about 84.88% of unsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid being the most represented (68.39%), followed by oleic acid (14.31%). The administration of this oil resulted in a significant reduction (p < .05) in the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in rats. The PE groups showed a significant increase (p < .05) in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared with untreated male rats. A similar trend was observed with female rats for triglycerides, but lowest values were observed with olive oil at 1 ml. This study suggests that P. edulis seed oil is rich in linoleic acid, which might be responsible for its hypolipidemic effect comparable to that of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper Ngakou Takam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicinals Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition (LABPMAN)Department of BiochemistryUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional BiochemistryDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicinals Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition (LABPMAN)Department of BiochemistryUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
- School of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesCatholic University Institute of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Dieudonné Kuate
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicinals Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition (LABPMAN)Department of BiochemistryUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional BiochemistryDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Anne Pascale Nouemsi Kengne
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicinals Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition (LABPMAN)Department of BiochemistryUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional BiochemistryDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Hermine Doungué Tsafack
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicinals Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition (LABPMAN)Department of BiochemistryUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Inelle Makamwé
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medicinals Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition (LABPMAN)Department of BiochemistryUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional BiochemistryDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Julius Enyong Oben
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional BiochemistryDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon
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Lifestyle behaviours are not associated with haemolysis: results from Donor InSight. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2019; 18:86-95. [PMID: 31657707 DOI: 10.2450/2019.0151-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle behaviours such as physical activity, sedentary behaviour and dietary habits have been shown to influence blood lipid levels, and both lifestyle and blood lipids may be associated with haemolysis during storage of blood products. We aimed to investigate whether lifestyle behaviours are associated with degree of haemolysis in red cell concentrates (RCC), and if such associations are mediated by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were performed in data from 760 Dutch blood donors participating in Donor InSight, an observational cohort study. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess associations of lifestyle behaviours with haemolysis levels in RCC 28 days after blood sampling. Lifestyle behaviours included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour measured by accelerometry, and self-reported intake of a selection of foods potentially related to blood lipids, i.e. consumption of eggs, meat, nuts and fish. Potential mediating roles of both LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were investigated separately. All analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS No statistically significant nor substantial associations of any of the lifestyle behaviours with haemolysis in RCC were found, nor were there any associations between lifestyle behaviours and blood lipids. We did find consistent positive associations of LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels with haemolysis in RCC during storage. DISCUSSION In this large cohort, blood lipid levels were consistently associated with haemolysis in RCC. Nonetheless, there was no evidence for an association between lifestyle behaviours and haemolysis in RCC, or for mediating effects by blood lipid levels.
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Lu JH, Hsia K, Lin CH, Chen CC, Yang HY, Lin MH. Dietary Supplementation with Hazelnut Oil Reduces Serum Hyperlipidemia and Ameliorates the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hamsters Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092224. [PMID: 31540081 PMCID: PMC6770627 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hazelnut oil (HO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study intended to analyze the effects of hazelnut oil supplementation on the serum lipid profile and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Methods: Hamsters were fed a basic diet (control group) and an HC diet (HC group) for 16 weeks (n = 10 in each group). Hamsters were fed an HC diet for four weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and were then fed an HC diet enriched with 5% (low-dose HC + HO group; n = 10) and 10% HO (high-dose HC + HO group; n = 10) for 12 weeks. Serum lipid levels, hepatic changes (including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis), and hepatic prooxidant-antioxidant status (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) were evaluated after the treatment period. Results: Hamsters in the control group showed normal serum lipid profiles, normal liver function, and moderate glycogen storage without hepatic steatosis. Hamsters in the HC group showed severe hyperlipidemia, severe hepatic steatosis, and moderate steatohepatitis (mononuclear cell and neutrophil infiltration, oval cell hyperplasia, and fibrosis). Compared to the HC group, both the low-dose and the high-dose HC + HO groups showed a significant reduction of hyperlipidemia (serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C levels)) and improved liver function (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)). Additionally, compared to the HC group, intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation (IHTC) was significantly higher in the HC + HO group, while the incidence of steatohepatitis was significantly lower. The intake of the HC diet was associated with a higher level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and a lower concentration of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and GST), and all these factors were partially improved in the low-dose and high-dose HC + HO groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the intake of HO reduced serum hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress and ameliorated the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Her Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Kai Hsia
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Huei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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25
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Abbaspour N, Roberts T, Hooshmand S, Kern M, Hong MY. Mixed Nut Consumption May Improve Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071488. [PMID: 31261928 PMCID: PMC6683273 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research indicates that nuts are a source of health-promoting compounds demonstrating cardioprotective benefits. However, most studies have assessed the effect of single nuts rather than a nut mixture. The objective of this study was, therefore, to examine the effect of mixed-nut consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese adults. In a randomized, parallel-arm, controlled trial, 48 participants consumed isocaloric (250 kcal) amounts of pretzels or mixed-nuts. Body weight (BW) (p = 0.024), BMI (p = 0.043), and insulin levels (p = 0.032) were significantly lower in the nut group compared to the pretzel group. Mixed-nut consumption also significantly reduced glucose (p = 0.04) and insulin (p = 0.032) levels after 4 and 8 weeks compared to baseline, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase of the nut group was significantly lower than the pretzel group (p = 0.002). No significant differences were detected between groups for triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C. However, pretzel consumption increased triglycerides (p = 0.048) from 4 weeks to 8 weeks. Moreover, LDL-C increased (p = 0.038) while HDL-C transiently decreased (p = 0.044) from baseline to 4 weeks. No significant lipid changes were detected within the nut group. Our results suggest that supplementing the diet with mixed-nuts could improve CVD risk factors by improving BW and glucose regulation in comparison to a common carbohydrate-rich snack without promoting the negative effects on lipids detected with pretzels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Abbaspour
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Traci Roberts
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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26
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Gómez-Gómez ME, Zapico SC. Frailty, Cognitive Decline, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Nutrition Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112842. [PMID: 31212645 PMCID: PMC6600148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently the human population is aging faster. This leads to higher dependency rates and the transformation of health and social care to adapt to this aged population. Among the changes developed by this population is frailty. It is defined as a clinically detectable syndrome, related to the aging of multiple physiological systems, which prompts a situation of vulnerability. The etiology of frailty seems to be multifactorial and its pathophysiology is influenced by the interaction of numerous factors. Morley et al. propose four main mechanisms triggering the frailty: atherosclerosis, sarcopenia, cognitive deterioration and malnutrition, with their respective metabolic alterations. Malnutrition is associated with cognitive impairment or functional loss, but it is also known that an inadequate nutritional status predisposes to cognitive frailty. Additionally, nutritional factors that may influence vascular risk factors will potentially have an effect on dementia decline among patients with cognitive frailty. This review aims to describe the nutritional factors that have been researched so far which may lead to the development of frailty, and especially cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara C Zapico
- International Forensic Research Institute and Chemistry Department, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St., CP323, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Anthropology Department, Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, MRC 112, 10th and Constitution Ave, NW, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
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27
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Sui J, Yang W, Ma Y, Li TY, Simon TG, Meyerhardt JA, Liang G, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Zhang X. A Prospective Study of Nut Consumption and Risk of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the U.S. Women and Men. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:367-374. [PMID: 31040153 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although increasing evidence suggests a potential beneficial effect of nut consumption on various diseases, no epidemiologic study has yet examined the association between nut consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We prospectively examined this association in 88,783 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 51,492 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Nut consumption was assessed every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable HRs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models after adjusting for HCC risk factors. After an average of 27.9 years of follow-up, we identified a total of 162 incident HCC cases. Higher total nut consumption was not significantly associated with HCC risk (the highest vs. lowest tertile intake, HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.56-1.26). For the same comparison, higher tree nut consumption was associated with a lower HCC risk (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.95). We found nonsignificant inverse associations with consumption of walnuts, peanuts, and peanut butter. Overall, nut consumption was not strongly associated with HCC risk. There was a suggestive inverse association with tree nut consumption. Future studies should carefully consider hepatitis B or C virus infections and examine these associations in other racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Tricia Y Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tracey G Simon
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Clawson RC, dela Cruz LN, Allen S, Wolgemuth T, Maner A, Dorsett A, I'Anson H. Continuous access to snacks from weaning onwards in female rats causes weight gain, insulin insensitivity, and sustained leptin resistance in adulthood. Physiol Behav 2019; 201:165-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Esmaeili Nadimi A, Ahmadi Z, Falahati-Pour SK, Mohamadi M, Nazari A, Hassanshahi G, Ekramzadeh M. Physicochemical properties and health benefits of pistachio nuts. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:564-574. [PMID: 30747609 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus of Pistacia plant systematically fits into the family of Anacardiaceae. Pistachios contain protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibers, fat, folic acid, vitamin K, magnesium and potassium, gama-tocopherols, phytochemicals, and polyphenols. Collectively, these constituents have been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions to improve overall health when consumed as a healthy diet. We searched the following keywords within the literature databases: pistachio, heart disorders, lipids, weight, antioxidants, and allergy. Further searching theses keywords, we have found 50 articles in PubMed, 40 articles in ISI web of knowledge and 30 articles in Google Scholar. We have selected 100 articles, among them 80 articles were used as the references of this review. In the current article, we have discussed the most recent data published regarding the regulatory effects of pistachios on several clinical states such as heart related disorders, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, vascular stiffness and endothelial and gut functions, weight management, glucose metabolism, kidney function and finally allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Dep. of Cardiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Mohamadi
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nazari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Dept. of Surgery, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Dept. of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ekramzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritoin and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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30
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Jafari Azad B, Daneshzad E, Azadbakht L. Peanut and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1123-1140. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1558395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Jafari Azad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Rocchetti G, Chiodelli G, Giuberti G, Lucini L. Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds following in vitro large intestine fermentation of nuts for human consumption. Food Chem 2018; 245:633-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Kim Y, Keogh JB, Clifton PM. Benefits of Nut Consumption on Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Multiple Potential Mechanisms of Actions. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1271. [PMID: 29165404 PMCID: PMC5707743 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated that nut consumption could be a healthy dietary strategy to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and related cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this review is to examine the potential mechanisms of action of nuts addressing effects on glycemic control, weight management, energy balance, appetite, gut microbiota modification, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial function and blood pressure with a focus on data from both animal and human studies. The favourable effects of nuts could be explained by the unique nutrient composition and bioactive compounds in nuts. Unsaturated fatty acids (monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids) present in nuts may play a role in glucose control and appetite suppression. Fiber and polyphenols in nuts may also have an anti-diabetic effect by altering gut microbiota. Nuts lower serum cholesterol by reduced cholesterol absorption, inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and increased bile acid production by stimulation of 7-α hydroxylase. Arginine and magnesium improve inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function and blood pressure. In conclusion, nuts contain compounds that favourably influence glucose homeostasis, weight control and vascular health. Further investigations are required to identify the most important mechanisms by which nuts decrease the risk of T2DM and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kim
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, General Post Office Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Jennifer B Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, General Post Office Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Peter M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, General Post Office Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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33
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Zibella M, Parillo M. Effects of nuts on postprandial glycemia, satiety and hunger sensations in healthy individuals. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zibella
- AORN, Hospital Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
| | - M. Parillo
- AORN, Hospital Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
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34
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Barriers to and facilitators and perceptions of nut consumption among the general population in New Zealand. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:3166-3182. [PMID: 28965535 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite considerable evidence supporting the health benefits of regular nut consumption, nut intakes remain lower than recommended among many populations. Understanding how the general population perceives nuts could inform strategies to promote regular nut consumption and increase intakes among the general public. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Participants were invited to complete a questionnaire which included information on nut consumption and knowledge and perceptions of nuts. SETTING The study was set in New Zealand (NZ). SUBJECTS Participants (n 1600), aged 18 years or over, were randomly selected from the NZ electoral roll. RESULTS A total of 710 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate 44 %). More than half of the respondents believed that nuts are healthy, filling, high in protein and high in fat. The most common reason cited by consumers for eating nuts was taste (86 % for nuts, 85 % for nut butters), while dental issues was the most frequent reason for avoidance. About 40 % of respondents were not aware of the effects of nut consumption on lowering blood cholesterol and CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS Despite overall basic knowledge of the nutritional value of nuts, a substantial proportion of the general population was unaware of the cardioprotective effects of nuts. The present study identified common motivations for eating and avoiding nuts, as well as perceptions of nuts which could affect intake. These should guide the content and direction of public health messages to increase regular nut consumption. The public's knowledge gaps should also be addressed.
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35
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SEPP1 polymorphisms modulate serum glucose and lipid response to Brazil nut supplementation. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1873-1882. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Zou Y, Hu T, Shi Y, Liao S, Liu J, Mu L, Chen CYO. Silkworm pupae oil exerts hypercholesterolemic and antioxidant effects in high-cholesterol diet-fed rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2050-2056. [PMID: 27558637 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silkworm pupae is a good resource of edible oil that is especially rich in unsaturated fatty acids and is considered to be an excellent dietary supplement for hyperlipidemia. RESULTS Groups fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) with silkworm pupae oil (SPO) supplementation (1, 2, or 4 mL kg-1 day-1 ) orally had significantly lower levels of serum total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05) compared to the HCD group. With regard to antioxidant parameters, except for levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver, 2 and 4 mL kg-1 day-1 of SPO supplementation leaded to higher total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and GSH-Px levels (P < 0.05), as well as lower malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05), both in serum and liver compared to the HCD group. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with SPO can improve lipid profiles and alleviate oxidative stress in high-cholesterol diet-fed rats. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenggen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Mu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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37
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Vegetarian Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease-A Friend or Foe. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040374. [PMID: 28394274 PMCID: PMC5409713 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy diet is highly important, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Proper nutrition provides the energy to perform everyday activities, prevents infection, builds muscle, and helps to prevent kidney disease from getting worse. However, what does a proper diet mean for a CKD patient? Nutrition requirements differ depending on the level of kidney function and the presence of co-morbid conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The diet of CKD patients should help to slow the rate of progression of kidney failure, reduce uremic toxicity, decrease proteinuria, maintain good nutritional status, and lower the risk of kidney disease-related secondary complications (cardiovascular disease, bone disease, and hypertension). It has been suggested that plant proteins may exert beneficial effects on blood pressure, proteinuria, and glomerular filtration rate, as well as results in milder renal tissue damage when compared to animal proteins. The National Kidney Foundation recommends vegetarianism, or part-time vegetarian diet as being beneficial to CKD patients. Their recommendations are supported by the results of studies demonstrating that a plant-based diet may hamper the development or progression of some complications of chronic kidney disease, such as heart disease, protein loss in urine, and the progression of kidney damage. However, there are sparse reports suggesting that a vegan diet is not appropriate for CKD patients and those undergoing dialysis due to the difficulty in consuming enough protein and in maintaining proper potassium and phosphorus levels. Therefore, this review will focus on the problem as to whether vegetarian diet and its modifications are suitable for chronic kidney disease patients.
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Hashemi N, Mortazavi SA, Milani E, Tabatabai Yazdi F. Microstructural and textural properties of puffed snack prepared from partially deffated almond powder and corn flour. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hashemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sabzevar Branch; Islamic Azad University; Sabzevar Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Elnaz Milani
- Department of Food Processing; Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR); Mashhad Iran
| | - Farideh Tabatabai Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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Effects of Hazelnut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120747. [PMID: 27897978 PMCID: PMC5188407 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hazelnuts are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant bioactive substances: their consumption has been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease events. A systematic review and a meta-analysis was performed to combine the results from several trials and to estimate the pooled (overall) effect of hazelnuts on blood lipids and body weight outcomes. Specifically, a Bayesian random effect meta-analysis of mean differences of Δ-changes from baseline across treatment (MDΔ) (i.e., hazelnut-enriched diet vs. control diet) has been conducted. Nine studies representing 425 participants were included in the analysis. The intervention diet lasted 28–84 days with a dosage of hazelnuts ranging from 29 to 69 g/day. Out of nine studies, three randomized studies have been meta-analyzed showing a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (pooled MDΔ = −0.150 mmol/L; 95% highest posterior density interval (95%HPD) = −0.308; −0.003) in favor of a hazelnut-enriched diet. Total cholesterol showed a marked trend toward a decrease (pooled MDΔ = −0.127 mmol/L; 95%HPD = −0.284; 0.014) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol remained substantially stable (pooled MDΔ = 0.002 mmol/L; 95%HPD = −0.140; 0.147). No effects on triglycerides (pooled MDΔ = 0.045 mmol/L; 95%HPD = −0.195; 0.269) and body mass index (BMI) (pooled MDΔ = 0.062 kg/m2; 95%HPD = −0.293; 0.469) were found. Hazelnut-enriched diet is associated with a decrease of LDL and total cholesterol, while HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and BMI remain substantially unchanged.
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Deon V, Del Bò C, Guaraldi F, Gargari G, Bosusco A, Simonetti P, Riso P, Guardamagna O. Serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:339-348. [PMID: 27690699 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1236076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at characterizing the fatty acid (FA) composition of red blood cell (RBC) phospholipids in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia, and to ascertain potential association with serum lipid profile and dietary factors. At this purpose, 54 probands aged 6-17 years were recruited. Subjects showed a low omega-3 index (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA + docosahexaenoic acid, DHA <4%). Compared to males, females had a trend toward lower levels of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and MUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFAs) ratio in RBCs. An inverse relationship between MUFA concentration in RBCs and serum cholesterol or HDL-C/triglycerides ratio was found. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) were positively associated to serum HDL-C levels, and inversely to dietary cholesterol. Fiber intake was positively associated with MUFA/SFA ratio. In conclusion, we provide the first experimental data on phospholipid FA composition of RBCs in hyperlipidemic children, showing sex differences and an overall low omega 3-index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Deon
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bò
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Federica Guaraldi
- b Department of Health, Sciences and Pediatric , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- c Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Andrea Bosusco
- b Department of Health, Sciences and Pediatric , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Paolo Simonetti
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- b Department of Health, Sciences and Pediatric , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin , Italy
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Determination of tocopherols and sitosterols in seeds and nuts by QuEChERS-liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2016; 192:825-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moravej H, Salehi A, Razavi Z, Moein MR, Etemadfard H, Karami F, Ghahremani F. Chemical Composition and the Effect of Walnut Hydrosol on Glycemic Control of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 14:e34726. [PMID: 27335580 PMCID: PMC4914821 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.34726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walnut hydrosol (WH) is used extensively by Iranian people with diabetes in order to control blood sugar (BS). There are few data regarding the effect of walnut on controlling diabetes. OBJECTIVES A pilot study to determine the efficacy and safety of WH in patients with type 1 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 were enrolled in the study. They did not use any medicine except insulin. They were advised to drink 250 mL WH after meals twice a day for four weeks. Their BS level was measured and their insulin dose was changed according to their BS. After four weeks, they discontinued WH use and their BS level was checked for two weeks. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Also, the essential oil of the sample was extracted using a liquid extractor and then analysis of the constituents was performed. RESULTS The average daily BS level and insulin dose decreased in seven subjects. Two subjects developed generalized pruritic erythematous skin rash. One patient presented hypoglycemic coma. She had no other coma risk factor. Seven compounds were identified in the walnut essential oil and the rate of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons were 53.45% and 5.95%, respectively. The main constituents of the oil were carvacrol (33.21%), thymol (16%) and homoveratrole (15.83%). CONCLUSIONS WH may control the glycemic level in people with diabetes, but it may be associated with minor and major side effects. Further in vitro studies, using these seven compounds, are recommended to determine the efficacy and complications of WH in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Moravej
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hossein Moravej, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9171058371, Fax: +98-7136474298, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Salehi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Razavi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Moein
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Processing Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hamed Etemadfard
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Processing Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Forough Karami
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Nut consumption is inversely associated with both cancer and total mortality in a Mediterranean population: prospective results from the Moli-sani study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:804-11. [PMID: 26313936 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nut intake has been associated with reduced inflammatory status and lower risk of CVD and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nut consumption and mortality and the role of inflammation. We conducted a population-based prospective investigation on 19 386 subjects enrolled in the Moli-sani study. Food intake was recorded by the Italian version of the European Project Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition FFQ. C-reactive protein, leucocyte and platelet counts and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were used as biomarkers of low-grade inflammation. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow-up of 4·3 years, 334 all-cause deaths occurred. As compared with subjects who never ate nuts, rare intake (≤2 times/month) was inversely associated with mortality (multivariable HR=0·68; 95 % CI 0·54, 0·87). At intake ≥8 times/month, a greater protection was observed (HR=0·53; 0·32, 0·90). Nut intake (v. no intake) conveyed a higher protection to individuals poorly adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD). A significant reduction in cancer deaths (HR=0·64; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·94) was also observed, whereas the impact on CVD deaths was limited to an inverse, but not significant, trend. Biomarkers of low-grade inflammation were reduced in nut consumers but did not account for the association with mortality. In conclusion, nut intake was associated with reduced cancer and total mortality. The protection was stronger in individuals with lower adherence to MD, whereas it was similar in high-risk groups (diabetics, obese, smokers or those with the metabolic syndrome), as compared with low-risk subjects. Inflammation did not explain the observed relationship.
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Grosso G, Estruch R. Nut consumption and age-related disease. Maturitas 2015; 84:11-6. [PMID: 26586104 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge on the effects of nut consumption on human health has rapidly increased in recent years and it now appears that nuts may play a role in the prevention of chronic age-related diseases. Frequent nut consumption has been associated with better metabolic status, decreased body weight as well as lower body weight gain over time and thus reduce the risk of obesity. The effect of nuts on glucose metabolism, blood lipids, and blood pressure is still controversial. However, significant decreased cardiovascular risk has been reported in a number of observational and clinical intervention studies. Thus, findings from cohort studies show that increased nut consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality (especially that due to cardiovascular-related causes). Similarly, nut consumption has been also associated with reduced risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal, endometrial, and pancreatic neoplasms. Evidence regarding nut consumption and neurological or psychiatric disorders is scarce, but a number of studies suggest significant protective effects against depression, mild cognitive disorders and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms appear to include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, particularly related to their mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, as well as vitamin and polyphenol content). MUFA have been demonstrated to improve pancreatic beta-cell function and regulation of postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity. PUFA may act on the central nervous system protecting neuronal and cell-signaling function and maintenance. The fiber and mineral content of nuts may also confer health benefits. Nuts therefore show promise as useful adjuvants to prevent, delay or ameliorate a number of chronic conditions in older people. Their association with decreased mortality suggests a potential in reducing disease burden, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Via S. Sofia 85, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - R Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona and CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Hoon LY, Choo C, Watawana MI, Jayawardena N, Waisundara VY. Evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant compounds of different solvent extracts of Chilgoza pine nuts (Pinus gerardiana). J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Martin N, Germanò R, Hartley L, Adler AJ, Rees K. Nut consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD011583. [PMID: 26411417 PMCID: PMC9798256 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011583.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuts contain a number of nutritional attributes which may be cardioprotective. A number of epidemiological studies have shown that nut consumption may have a beneficial effect on people who have cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are less consistent. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of nut consumption for the primary prevention of CVD. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA) and Health Economics Evaluations Database (HEED) up to 30 July 2015. We searched trial registers and reference lists of reviews for further studies. We did not apply any language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs of dietary advice to increase nut consumption or provision of nuts to increase consumption lasting at least three months and including healthy adults or adults at moderate and high risk of CVD. The comparison group was no intervention or minimal intervention. The outcomes of interest were CVD clinical events and CVD risk factors. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, abstracted the data and assessed the risk of bias in included trials. MAIN RESULTS We included five trials (435 participants randomised) and one ongoing trial. One study is awaiting classification. All trials examined the provision of nuts to increase consumption rather than dietary advice. None of the included trials reported on the primary outcomes, CVD clinical events, but trials were small and short term. All five trials reported on CVD risk factors. Four of these trials provided data in a useable format for meta-analyses, but heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis for most of the analyses. Overall trials were judged to be at unclear risk of bias.There were variable and inconsistent effects of nut consumption on CVD risk factors (lipid levels and blood pressure). Three trials monitored adverse events. One trial reported an allergic reaction to nuts and three trials reported no significant weight gain with increased nut consumption. None of the included trials reported on other secondary outcomes, occurrence of type 2 diabetes as a major risk factor for CVD, health-related quality of life and costs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently there is a lack of evidence for the effects of nut consumption on CVD clinical events in primary prevention and very limited evidence for the effects on CVD risk factors. No conclusions can be drawn and further high quality longer term and adequately powered trials are needed to answer the review question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Martin
- University College LondonFarr Institute of Health Informatics Research222 Euston RoadLondonUKNW1 2DA
| | - Roberta Germanò
- University of Naples Federico IIDivision of Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryNaplesItaly
| | - Louise Hartley
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryWarwickshireUKCV4 7AL
| | - Alma J Adler
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineDepartment of Non‐communicable Disease EpidemiologyKeppel StreetLondonUKWC1E 7HT
| | - Karen Rees
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryWarwickshireUKCV4 7AL
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Fernández-Montero A, Martínez-González MA, Moreno-Galarraga L. Re. "Nut consumption and 5-y all-cause mortality in a Mediterranean cohort: The SUN project": Authors' response. Nutrition 2015; 31:1299-300. [PMID: 26333895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Barbour JA, Howe PRC, Buckley JD, Bryan J, Coates AM. Effect of 12 Weeks High Oleic Peanut Consumption on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Body Composition. Nutrients 2015; 7:7381-98. [PMID: 26404365 PMCID: PMC4586538 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse association between nut consumption and obesity, inflammation, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. We investigated effects of high oleic peanut consumption vs. a nut free diet on adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers. In a randomised cross-over design, 61 healthy subjects (65 ± 7 years, body mass index (BMI) 31 ± 4 kg/m²) alternated either high oleic peanuts (15%-20% of energy) or a nut free diet for 12 weeks. Body composition and mass, waist circumference, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, glucose and insulin were assessed at baseline and after each phase. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the two diets. Consistent with other nut studies, there were no differences in lipids, CRP, glucose and insulin with peanut consumption. In contrast, some reports have demonstrated benefits, likely due to differences in the study cohort. Energy intake was 10% higher (853 kJ, p < 0.05), following peanut consumption vs. control, attributed to a 30% increase in fat intake (p < 0.001), predominantly monounsaturated (increase 22 g, p < 0.05). Despite greater energy intake during the peanut phase, there were no differences in body composition, and less than predicted increase (0.5 kg) in body weight for this additional energy intake, possibly due to incomplete nutrient absorption and energy utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne A Barbour
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, G.P.O. Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Peter R C Howe
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle (PRCH), University Drive Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, G.P.O. Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Janet Bryan
- Department of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, G.P.O. Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, G.P.O. Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
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Lee YH, Choo C, Waisundara VY. Determination of the Total Antioxidant Capacity and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds of Different Solvent Extracts of Black Mustard Seeds (Brassica nigra). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.986331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Martin N, Germanò R, Hartley L, Adler AJ, Rees K. Nut consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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