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Shen H, Zhou Y, Xiao H, Ding Y, Chen G, Yang Z, Hu Z, Wu T. SlFSR positively regulates ethylene biosynthesis and lycopene accumulation during fruit ripening in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109008. [PMID: 39226760 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for regulating fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The GRAS (GAI, RGA, and SCR) TFs are involved in various physiological processes, but their role in fruit ripening has seldom been reported. We have previously identified a gene encoding GRAS protein named SlFSR (Fruit Shelf-life Regulator), which is implicated in fruit ripening by regulating cell wall metabolism; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SlFSR proteins are localized to the nucleus, where they could bind to specific DNA sequences. SlFSR acts downstream of the master ripening regulator RIN and could collaborate with RIN to control the ripening process by regulating expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes. In SlFSR-CR (CRISPR/Cas9) mutants, the initiation of fruit ripening was not affected but the reduced ethylene production and a delayed coloring process occurred. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and promoter analysis reveal that SlFSR directly binds to the promoters of two key ethylene biosynthesis genes (SlACO1 and SlACO3) and activates their expression. However, SlFSR-CR fruits displayed a significant down-regulation of key rate-limiting genes (SlDXS1 and SlGGPPS2) in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, which may account for the impaired lycopene synthesis. Altogether, we propose that SlFSR positively regulates ethylene biosynthesis and lycopene accumulation, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Haojun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yingfeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zheng'an Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Guan H, Yang X, Lin Y, Xie B, Zhang X, Ma C, Xia R, Chen R, Hao Y. The hormone regulatory mechanism underlying parthenocarpic fruit formation in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1404980. [PMID: 39119498 PMCID: PMC11306060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1404980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Parthenocarpic fruits, known for their superior taste and reliable yields in adverse conditions, develop without the need for fertilization or pollination. Exploring the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind parthenocarpic fruit development holds both theoretical and practical significance, making it a crucial area of study. This review examines how plant hormones and MADS-box transcription factors control parthenocarpic fruit formation. It delves into various aspects of plant hormones-including auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid-ranging from external application to biosynthesis, metabolism, signaling pathways, and their interplay in influencing parthenocarpic fruit development. The review also explores the involvement of MADS family gene functions in these processes. Lastly, we highlight existing knowledge gaps and propose directions for future research on parthenocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Guan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Lin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoxing Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Rui Xia
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Vignati E, Caccamo M, Dunwell JM, Simkin AJ. Morphological Changes to Fruit Development Induced by GA 3 Application in Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2052. [PMID: 39124170 PMCID: PMC11314404 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Cherry (Prunus avium) fruits are important sources of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients in the human diet; however, they contain a large stone, making them inconvenient to eat 'on the move' and process. The exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) can induce parthenocarpy in a variety of fruits during development. Here, we showed that the application of GA3 to sweet cherry unpollinated pistils acted as a trigger for fruit set and permitted the normal formation of fruit up to a period of twenty-eight days, indicating that gibberellins are involved in the activation of the cell cycle in the ovary wall cells, leading to fruit initiation. However, after this period, fruit development ceased and developing fruit began to be excised from the branch by 35 days post treatment. This work also showed that additional signals are required for the continued development of fully mature parthenocarpic fruit in sweet cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Vignati
- Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, NIAB East Malling, New Road, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK;
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6EU, UK;
| | - Mario Caccamo
- Crop Bioinformatics, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK;
| | - Jim M. Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6EU, UK;
| | - Andrew J. Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
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Maupilé L, Chaib J, Boualem A, Bendahmane A. Parthenocarpy, a pollination-independent fruit set mechanism to ensure yield stability. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00151-1. [PMID: 39034223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Fruit development is essential for flowering plants' reproduction and a significant food source. Climate change threatens fruit yields due to its impact on pollination and fertilization processes, especially vulnerable to extreme temperatures, insufficient light, and pollinator decline. Parthenocarpy, the development of fruit without fertilization, offers a solution, ensuring yield stability in adverse conditions and enhancing fruit quality. Parthenocarpic fruits not only secure agricultural production but also exhibit improved texture, appearance, and shelf life, making them desirable for food processing and other applications. Recent research unveils the molecular mechanisms behind parthenocarpy, implicating transcription factors (TFs), noncoding RNAs, and phytohormones such as auxin, gibberellin (GA), and cytokinin (CK). Here we review recent findings, construct regulatory models, and identify areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Maupilé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Vilmorin & Cie, Route d'Ennezat, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Jamila Chaib
- Vilmorin & Cie, Paraje La Reserva, 04725 La Mojonera, Spain
| | - Adnane Boualem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Zhang YL, Wang LY, Yang Y, Zhao X, Zhu HW, You C, Chen N, Wei SJ, Li SF, Gao WJ. Gibberellins regulate masculinization through the SpGAI-SpSTM module in dioecious spinach. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1907-1921. [PMID: 38491869 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The sex of dioecious plants is mainly determined by genetic factors, but it can also be converted by environmental cues such as exogenous phytohormones. Gibberellic acids (GAs) are well-known inducers of flowering and sexual development, yet the pathway of gibberellin-induced sex conversion in dioecious spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) remains elusive. Based on sex detection before and after GA3 application using T11A and SSR19 molecular markers, we confirmed and elevated the masculinization effect of GA on a single female plant through exogenous applications of GA3, showing complete conversion and functional stamens. Silencing of GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (SpGAI), a single DELLA family protein that is a central GA signaling repressor, results in similar masculinization. We also show that SpGAI can physically interact with the spinach KNOX transcription factor SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (SpSTM), which is a homolog of the flower meristem identity regulator STM in Arabidopsis. The silencing of SpSTM also masculinized female flowers in spinach. Furthermore, SpSTM could directly bind the intron of SpPI to repress SpPI expression in developing female flowers. Overall, our results suggest that GA induces a female masculinization process through the SpGAI-SpSTM-SpPI regulatory module in spinach. These insights may help to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the sex conversion system in dioecious plants while also elucidating the physiological basis for the generation of unisexual flowers so as to establish dioecy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chen You
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shuai-Jie Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shu-Fen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wu-Jun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Garg R, Mahato H, Choudhury U, Thakur RS, Debnath P, Ansari NG, Sane VA, Sane AP. The tomato EAR-motif repressor, SlERF36, accelerates growth transitions and reduces plant life cycle by regulating GA levels and responses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:848-862. [PMID: 38127946 PMCID: PMC10955490 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Faster vegetative growth and early maturity/harvest reduce plant life cycle time and are important agricultural traits facilitating early crop rotation. GA is a key hormone governing developmental transitions that determine growth speed in plants. An EAR-motif repressor, SlERF36 that regulates various growth transitions, partly through regulation of the GA pathway and GA levels, was identified in tomato. Suppression of SlERF36 delayed germination, slowed down organ growth and delayed the onset of flowering time, fruit harvest and whole-plant senescence by 10-15 days. Its over-expression promoted faster growth by accelerating all these transitions besides increasing organ expansion and plant height substantially. The plant life cycle and fruit harvest were completed 20-30 days earlier than control without affecting yield, in glasshouse as well as net-house conditions, across seasons and generations. These changes in life cycle were associated with reciprocal changes in expression of GA pathway genes and basal GA levels between suppression and over-expression lines. SlERF36 interacted with the promoters of two GA2 oxidase genes, SlGA2ox3 and SlGA2ox4, and the DELLA gene, SlDELLA, reducing their transcription and causing a 3-5-fold increase in basal GA3/GA4 levels. Its suppression increased SlGA2ox3/4 transcript levels and reduced GA3/GA4 levels by 30%-50%. SlERF36 is conserved across families making it an important candidate in agricultural and horticultural crops for manipulation of plant growth and developmental transitions to reduce life cycles for faster harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Garg
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Hrishikesh Mahato
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Upasana Choudhury
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Ravindra S. Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR)LucknowIndia
| | - Pratima Debnath
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Nasreen G. Ansari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR)LucknowIndia
| | - Vidhu A. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Aniruddha P. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
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Zhang X, Li J, Xing X, Li H, Zhang S, Chang J, Wei F, Zhang Y, Huang J, Zhang X, Wang Z. Transcriptome disclosure of hormones inducing stigma exsertion in Nicotiana tabacum by corolla shortening. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:320. [PMID: 38549066 PMCID: PMC10976690 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma exsertion is an essential agricultural trait that can promote cross-pollination to improve hybrid seed production efficiency. However, the molecular mechanism controlling stigma exsertion remains unknown. RESULTS In this study, the Nicotiana tabacum cv. K326 and its two homonuclear-heteroplasmic lines, MSK326 (male-sterile) and MSK326SE (male-sterile and stigma exserted), were used to investigate the mechanism of tobacco stigma exsertion. A comparison of the flowers between the three lines showed that the stigma exsertion of MSK326SE was mainly due to corolla shortening. Therefore, the corollas of the three lines were sampled and presented for RNA-seq analysis, which found 338 candidate genes that may cause corolla shortening. These genes were equally expressed in K326 and MSK326, but differentially expressed in MSK326SE. Among these 338 genes, 15 were involved in hormone synthesis or signal transduction pathways. Consistently, the content of auxin, dihydrozeatin, gibberellin, and jasmonic acid was significantly decreased in the MSK326SE corolla, whereas abscisic acid levels were significantly increased. Additionally, seven genes involved in cell division, cell cycle, or cell expansion were identified. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified 45 nodes and 79 protein interactions, and the largest module contained 20 nodes and 52 protein interactions, mainly involved in the hormone signal transduction and pathogen defensive pathways. Furthermore, a putative hub gene coding a serine/threonine-protein kinase was identified for the network. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hormones may play a key role in regulating tobacco stigma exsertion induced by corolla shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juxu Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuexia Xing
- Henan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, 450018, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchen Li
- Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, 472000, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, 472000, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Fengjie Wei
- Henan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, 450018, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Shangluo Branch of Shanxi provincial Tobacco Company, 726000, Shangluo, China
| | - Jinhui Huang
- Shangluo Branch of Shanxi provincial Tobacco Company, 726000, Shangluo, China.
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
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Hua B, Wu J, Han X, Bian X, Xu Z, Sun C, Wang R, Zhang W, Liang F, Zhang H, Li S, Li Z, Wu S. Auxin homeostasis is maintained by sly-miR167-SlARF8A/B-SlGH3.4 feedback module in the development of locular and placental tissues of tomato fruits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1177-1192. [PMID: 37985404 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The locular gel, produced by the placenta, is important for fruit flavor and seed development in tomato. However, the mechanism underlying locule and placenta development is not fully understood yet. Here, we show that two SlARF transcription factors, SlARF8B and SlARF8A (SlARF8A/B), promote the development of locular and placenta tissues. The expression of both SlARF8A and SlARF8B is repressed by sly-microRNA167 (sly-miR167), allowing for the activation of auxin downstream genes. In slarf8a, slarf8b, and slarf8a/b mutants, the auxin (IAA) levels are decreased, whereas the levels of inactive IAA conjugates including IAA-Ala, IAA-Asp, and IAA-Glu are increased. We further find that SlARF8B directly inhibits the expression of SlGH3.4, an acyl acid amino synthetase that conjugates the amino acids to IAA. Disruption of such auxin balance by the increased expression of SlGH3.4 or SlGH3.2 results in defective locular and placental tissues. Taken together, our findings reveal an important regulatory module constituted by sly-miR167-SlARF8A/B-SlGH3.4 during the development of locular and placenta tissues of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Junqing Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Han
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Bian
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhijing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Renyin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Fei Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Neves C, Ribeiro B, Amaro R, Expósito J, Grimplet J, Fortes AM. Network of GRAS transcription factors in plant development, fruit ripening and stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad220. [PMID: 38077496 PMCID: PMC10699852 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The plant-specific family of GRAS transcription factors has been wide implicated in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with a diversity of biological functions ranging from plant development processes to stress responses. Functional analyses of GRAS transcription factors supported by in silico structural and comparative analyses are emerging and clarifying the regulatory networks associated with their biological roles. In this review, a detailed analysis of GRAS proteins' structure and biochemical features as revealed by recent discoveries indicated how these characteristics may impact subcellular location, molecular mechanisms, and function. Nomenclature issues associated with GRAS classification into different subfamilies in diverse plant species even in the presence of robust genomic resources are discussed, in particular how it affects assumptions of biological function. Insights into the mechanisms driving evolution of this gene family and how genetic and epigenetic regulation of GRAS contributes to subfunctionalization are provided. Finally, this review debates challenges and future perspectives on the application of this complex but promising gene family for crop improvement to cope with challenges of environmental transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Neves
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Ribeiro
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rute Amaro
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jesús Expósito
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ferigolo LF, Vicente MH, Correa JPO, Barrera-Rojas CH, Silva EM, Silva GFF, Carvalho A, Peres LEP, Ambrosano GB, Margarido GRA, Sablowski R, Nogueira FTS. Gibberellin and miRNA156-targeted SlSBP genes synergistically regulate tomato floral meristem determinacy and ovary patterning. Development 2023; 150:dev201961. [PMID: 37823342 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Many developmental processes associated with fruit development occur at the floral meristem (FM). Age-regulated microRNA156 (miR156) and gibberellins (GAs) interact to control flowering time, but their interplay in subsequent stages of reproductive development is poorly understood. Here, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we show that GA and miR156-targeted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL or SBP) genes interact in the tomato FM and ovary patterning. High GA responses or overexpression of miR156 (156OE), which leads to low expression levels of miR156-silenced SBP genes, resulted in enlarged FMs, ovary indeterminacy and fruits with increased locule number. Conversely, low GA responses reduced indeterminacy and locule number, and overexpression of a S. lycopersicum (Sl)SBP15 allele that is miR156 resistant (rSBP15) reduced FM size and locule number. GA responses were partially required for the defects observed in 156OE and rSBP15 fruits. Transcriptome analysis and genetic interactions revealed shared and divergent functions of miR156-targeted SlSBP genes, PROCERA/DELLA and the classical WUSCHEL/CLAVATA pathway, which has been previously associated with meristem size and determinacy. Our findings reveal that the miR156/SlSBP/GA regulatory module is deployed differently depending on developmental stage and create novel opportunities to fine-tune aspects of fruit development that have been important for tomato domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia F Ferigolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus H Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao P O Correa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Barrera-Rojas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eder M Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F F Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Airton Carvalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lazaro E P Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Ambrosano
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R A Margarido
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert Sablowski
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Fabio T S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Zuccarelli R, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Silva FO, Gomes LDL, Lopes-Oliveira PJ, Zsögön A, Andrade SCS, Demarco D, Corpas FJ, Peres LEP, Rossi M, Freschi L. Loss of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase disturbs phytohormone homeostasis and regulates shoot side branching and fruit growth in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6349-6368. [PMID: 37157899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosoglutathione plays a central role in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis, and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) regulates the cellular levels of S-nitrosoglutathione across kingdoms. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous NO in shaping shoot architecture and controlling fruit set and growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlGSNOR silencing promoted shoot side branching and led to reduced fruit size, negatively impacting fruit yield. Greatly intensified in slgsnor knockout plants, these phenotypical changes were virtually unaffected by SlGSNOR overexpression. Silencing or knocking out of SlGSNOR intensified protein tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosation and led to aberrant auxin production and signaling in leaf primordia and fruit-setting ovaries, besides restricting the shoot basipetal polar auxin transport stream. SlGSNOR deficiency triggered extensive transcriptional reprogramming at early fruit development, reducing pericarp cell proliferation due to restrictions on auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin production and signaling. Abnormal chloroplast development and carbon metabolism were also detected in early-developing NO-overaccumulating fruits, possibly limiting energy supply and building blocks for fruit growth. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which endogenous NO fine-tunes the delicate hormonal network controlling shoot architecture, fruit set, and post-anthesis fruit development, emphasizing the relevance of NO-auxin interaction for plant development and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Zuccarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia D L Gomes
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia J Lopes-Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Ezura K, Nomura Y, Ariizumi T. Molecular, hormonal, and metabolic mechanisms of fruit set, the ovary-to-fruit transition, in horticultural crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6254-6268. [PMID: 37279328 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is the process by which the ovary develops into a fruit and is an important factor in determining fruit yield. Fruit set is induced by two hormones, auxin and gibberellin, and the activation of their signaling pathways, partly by suppressing various negative regulators. Many studies have investigated the structural changes and gene networks in the ovary during fruit set, revealing the cytological and molecular mechanisms. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlIAA9 and SlDELLA/PROCERA act as auxin and gibberellin signaling repressors, respectively, and are important regulators of the activity of transcription factors and downstream gene expression involved in fruit set. Upon pollination, SlIAA9 and SlDELLA are degraded, which subsequently activates downstream cascades and mainly contributes to active cell division and cell elongation, respectively, in ovaries during fruit setting. According to current knowledge, the gibberellin pathway functions as the most downstream signal in fruit set induction, and therefore its role in fruit set has been extensively explored. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis has revealed the detailed dynamics of gene expression and metabolites downstream of gibberellins, highlighting the rapid activation of central carbon metabolism. This review will outline the relevant mechanisms at the molecular and metabolic levels during fruit set, particularly focusing on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yukako Nomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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13
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Guan P, Hu J, Sun L. Interaction of VvDELLA2 and VvCEB1 Mediates Expression of Expansion-Related Gene during GA-Induced Enlargement of Grape Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14870. [PMID: 37834318 PMCID: PMC10573625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous gibberellin treatment can promote early growth of grape fruit, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that VvDELLA2 directly regulates the activity of the VvCEB1 transcription factor, a key regulator in the control of cell expansion in grape fruit. Our results show that VvCEB1 binds directly to the promoters of cell expansion-related genes in grape fruit and acts as a transcriptional activator, while VvDELLA2 blocks VvCEB1 function by binding to its activating structural domain. The exogenous gibberellin treatment relieved this inhibition by promoting the degradation of VvDELLA2 protein, thus, allowing VvCEB1 to transcriptionally activate the expression of cell expansion-related genes. In conclusion, we conclude that exogenous GA3 treatment regulates early fruit expansion by affecting the VvDELLA-VvCEB1 interaction in grape fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Pingyin Guan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
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14
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Tian S, Zhang Z, Qin G, Xu Y. Parthenocarpy in Cucurbitaceae: Advances for Economic and Environmental Sustainability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3462. [PMID: 37836203 PMCID: PMC10574560 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy is an important agricultural trait that not only produces seedless fruits, but also increases the rate of the fruit set under adverse environmental conditions. The study of parthenocarpy in Cucurbitaceae crops has considerable implications for cultivar improvement. This article provides a comprehensive review of relevant studies on the parthenocarpic traits of several major Cucurbitaceae crops and offers a perspective on future developments and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zeliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
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15
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Li F, Chen G, Xie Q, Zhou S, Hu Z. Down-regulation of SlGT-26 gene confers dwarf plants and enhances drought and salt stress resistance in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108053. [PMID: 37769452 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture, an important agronomic trait closely associated with yield, is governed by a highly intricate molecular network. Despite extensive research, many mysteries surrounding this regulation remain unresolved. Trihelix transcription factor family plays a crucial role in the development of plant morphology and abiotic stresses. Here, we identified a novel trihelix transcription factor named SlGT-26, and its down-regulation led to significant alterations in plant architecture, including dwarfing, reduced internode length, smaller leaves, and shorter petioles. The dwarf phenotype of SlGT-26 silenced transgenic plants could be recovered after spraying exogenous GA3, and the GA3 content were decreased in the RNAi plants. Additionally, the expression levels of gibberellin-related genes were affected in the RNAi lines. These results indicate that the dwarf of SlGT-26-RNAi plants may be a kind of GA3-sensitive dwarf. SlGT-26 was response to drought and salt stress treatments. SlGT-26-RNAi transgenic plants demonstrated significantly enhanced drought resistance and salt tolerance in comparison to their wild-type tomato counterparts. SlGT-26-RNAi transgenic plants grew better, had higher relative water content and lower MDA and H2O2 contents. The expression of multiple stress-related genes was also up-regulated. In summary, we have discovered a novel gene, SlGT-26, which plays a crucial role in regulating plant architecture and in respond to drought and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Shengen Zhou
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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16
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Naeem M, Zhao W, Ahmad N, Zhao L. Beyond green and red: unlocking the genetic orchestration of tomato fruit color and pigmentation. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:243. [PMID: 37453947 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit color is a genetic trait and a key factor for consumer acceptability and is therefore receiving increasing importance in several breeding programs. Plant pigments offer plants with a variety of colored organs that attract animals for pollination, favoring seed dispersers and conservation of species. The pigments inside plant cells not only play a light-harvesting role but also provide protection against light damage and exhibit nutritional and ecological value for health and visual pleasure in humans. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a leading vegetable crop; its fruit color formation is associated with the accumulation of several natural pigments, which include carotenoids in the pericarp, flavonoids in the peel, as well as the breakdown of chlorophyll during fruit ripening. To improve tomato fruit quality, several techniques, such as genetic engineering and genome editing, have been used to alter fruit color and regulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites in related pathways. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based systems have been extensively used for genome editing in many crops, including tomatoes, and promising results have been achieved using modified CRISPR systems, including CAS9 (CRISPR/CRISPR-associated-protein) and CRISPR/Cas12a systems. These advanced tools in biotechnology and whole genome sequencing of various tomato species will certainly advance the breeding of tomato fruit color with a high degree of precision. Here, we attempt to summarize the current advancement and effective application of genetic engineering techniques that provide further flexibility for fruit color formation. Furthermore, we have also discussed the challenges and opportunities of genetic engineering and genome editing to improve tomato fruit color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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17
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de Oliveira R, Alves FRR, da Rocha Prado E, Gomes LDL, Freschi L, Gaion LA, Carvalho RF. CRYPTOCHROME 1a-mediated blue light perception regulates tomato seed germination via changes in hormonal balance and endosperm-degrading hydrolase dynamics. PLANTA 2023; 257:67. [PMID: 36843173 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Blue light exposure delays tomato seed germination by decreasing endosperm-degrading hydrolase activities, a process regulated by CRY1a-dependent signaling and the hormonal balance between ABA and GA. The germination of tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is tightly controlled by an internal hormonal balance, which is also influenced by environmental factors such as light. In this study, we investigated the blue light (BL)-mediated impacts on physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes during the germination of the blue light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME 1a loss-of-function mutant (cry1a) and of the hormonal tomato mutants notabilis (not, deficient in ABA) and procera (pro, displaying a GA-constitutive response). Seeds were germinated in a controlled chamber in the dark and under different intensities of continuous BL (ranging from 1 to 25 µmol m-2 s-1). In general, exposure to BL delayed tomato seed germination in a fluency rate-dependent way due to negative impacts on the activities of endosperm-degrading hydrolases, such as endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase, and α-galactosidase. However, not and pro mutants presented higher germination speed index (GSI) compared to WT despite the BL influence, associated with higher hydrolase activities, especially evident in pro, indicating that the ABA/GA hormonal balance is important to diminish BL inhibition over tomato germination. The cry1a germination percentage was higher than in WT in the dark but its GSI was lower under BL exposure, suggesting that functional CRY1a is required for BL-dependent germination. BL inhibits the expression of GA-biosynthetic genes, and induces GA-deactivating and ABA-biosynthetic genes. The magnitude of the BL influence over the hormone-related transcriptional profile is also dependent upon CRY1a, highlighting the complex interplay between light and hormonal pathways. These results contribute to a better understanding of BL-induced events behind the photoregulation of tomato seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginaldo de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Frederico Rocha Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Systematics and Ecology, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciano Freschi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li J, Li M, Wang W, Wang D, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Morphological and physiological mechanism of cytoplasmic inheritance stigma exsertion trait expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111528. [PMID: 36332767 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stigma exsertion is an essential outcrossing trait that can improve hybrid seed production efficiencies. In this study, the morphological and physiological mechanisms of cytoplasmic inheritance stigma exsertion trait expression in a tobacco line (MSK326SE) which generated from a stigma exsertion tobacco mutant through continuous backcross were investigated. Compared with its homonuclear-heteroplasmic lines (MSK326 and K326 with inserted stigmas), the exserted stigma phenotype of MSK326SE was mainly caused by corolla shortening, while was stable under different environmental temperature. The different responses of mainly endogenous hormones and expression of cell division- and expansion-related genes caused the differences in cell division and expansion in different flower organs, which further determined the lengths of the corolla. Furthermore, the significant decrease of MSK326SE corolla epidermal cell size caused corolla shortening and finally resulting in stigma exsertion. Exogenous JA could shorten the corolla and more effective increased stigma exsertion degree of MSK326SE, suggesting a potential relationship between stigma exsertion and high JA levels during early bud development. The hybrid seed production efficiency could be improved in tobacco. Our results provide a basis for elucidating the cytoplasmic inheritance stigma exsertion trait expression in tobacco while helping to improve hybrid seed production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxu Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Man Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Henan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuwei Hu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zheng X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Li J, Li M, Cheng J, Feng J. PpPIF8, a DELLA2-interacting protein, regulates peach shoot elongation possibly through auxin signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111409. [PMID: 35934255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth of branches in a peach tree restricts the light penetration and air ventilation within the orchard, which lowers fruit quality and promotes the occurrence of diseases and insects. Our previous works showed that PpDELLA1 and PpDELLA2 repress the rapid growth of annual shoots. Proteins that interact with DELLA are vital for its function. In this study, seven PpPIFs (PpPIF1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7 and -8) were identified in the peach genome and contain a conserved bHLH domain. Among the seven PpPIFs, PpPIF8 interacted with PpDELLA2 through an unknown motif in the C-terminal and/or the bHLH domain. Overexpression of PpPIF8 in Arabidopsis promotes plant height and branch numbers. Hypocotyl elongation was significantly enhanced by PpPIF8 under weak light intensity. PpPIF8 overexpressed in Arabidopsis and transiently expressed in peach seedlings upregulated the transcription of YUCCA and SAUR19 and downregulated SHY1 and -2. Additionally, PpPIF4 and -8 were significantly induced by weak light. Phylogentic analysis and intron patterns of the bHLH domain strongly suggested that PIFs from six species could be divided into two groups of different evolutionary origins. These results lay a foundation for the further study of the repression of shoot growth by PpDELLA2 through protein interaction with PpPIF8 in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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20
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Vignati E, Lipska M, Dunwell JM, Caccamo M, Simkin AJ. Options for the generation of seedless cherry, the ultimate snacking product. PLANTA 2022; 256:90. [PMID: 36171415 PMCID: PMC9519733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript identifies cherry orthologues of genes implicated in the development of pericarpic fruit and pinpoints potential options and restrictions in the use of these targets for commercial exploitation of parthenocarpic cherry fruit. Cherry fruit contain a large stone and seed, making processing of the fruit laborious and consumption by the consumer challenging, inconvenient to eat 'on the move' and potentially dangerous for children. Availability of fruit lacking the stone and seed would be potentially transformative for the cherry industry, since such fruit would be easier to process and would increase consumer demand because of the potential reduction in costs. This review will explore the background of seedless fruit, in the context of the ambition to produce the first seedless cherry, carry out an in-depth analysis of the current literature around parthenocarpy in fruit, and discuss the available technology and potential for producing seedless cherry fruit as an 'ultimate snacking product' for the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Vignati
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Marzena Lipska
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Jim M Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- NIAB, Cambridge Crop Research, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB East Malling, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, New Road, West Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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21
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Mandal NK, Kumari K, Kundu A, Arora A, Bhowmick PK, Iquebal MA, Jaiswal S, Behera TK, Munshi AD, Dey SS. Cross-talk between the cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin regulatory networks in determining parthenocarpy in cucumber. Front Genet 2022; 13:957360. [PMID: 36092914 PMCID: PMC9459115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.957360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber is a model plant for studying parthenocarpy with abundant slicing- and pickling-type germplasm. This study was undertaken to understand the role of the important cytokines (CKs), auxin (AUX) and gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and degradation genes for the induction of parthenocarpy in slicing and pickling germplasm. Two genotypes of gynoecious parthenocarpic cucumber, PPC-6 and DG-8, along with an MABC-derived gynoecious non-parthenocarpic line, IMPU-1, were evaluated in this study. The slicing and pickling cucumber genotypes PPC-6 and DG-8 were strongly parthenocarpic in nature and set fruit normally without pollination. Endogenous auxin and gibberellin were significantly higher in parthenocarpic than non-parthenocarpic genotypes, whereas the concentration of cytokinins varied among the genotypes at different developmental stages. However, the exogenous application of Zeatin and IAA + Zeatin was effective in inducing parthenocarpic fruit in IMPU-1. Expression analysis with important CK, AUX, and GA biosynthesis-related genes was conducted in IMPU-1, PPC-6, and DG-8. The expression of the CK synthase, IPT, IPT3, PaO, LOG1, LOG2, CYP735A1, and CYP735A2 was up-regulated in the parthenocarpic genotypes. Among the transcription factor response regulators (RRs), positive regulation of CSRR8/9b, CSRR8/9d, CSRR8/9e, and CSRR16/17 and negative feedback of the CK signalling genes, such as CsRR3/4a, CsRR3/4b, CsRR8/9a, and CsRR8/9c, were recorded in the parthenocarpic lines. Homeostasis between cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation genes such as CK oxidases (CKXs) and CK dehydrogenase resulted in a non-significant difference in the endogenous CK concentration in the parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic genotypes. In addition, up-regulation of the key auxin-inducing proteins and GA biosynthesis genes indicated their crucial role in the parthenocarpic fruit set of cucumber. This study establishes the critical role of the CKs, AUX, and GA regulatory networks and their cross-talk in determining parthenocarpy in slicing and pickling cucumber genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kumari Mandal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Kumari
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prolay K. Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
| | - A. D. Munshi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Shyam S. Dey, , ; A. D. Munshi,
| | - Shyam S. Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Shyam S. Dey, , ; A. D. Munshi,
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22
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Jaiswal V, Kakkar M, Kumari P, Zinta G, Gahlaut V, Kumar S. Multifaceted Roles of GRAS Transcription Factors in Growth and Stress Responses in Plants. iScience 2022; 25:105026. [PMID: 36117995 PMCID: PMC9474926 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mrinalini Kakkar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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23
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Tian Y, Xin W, Lin J, Ma J, He J, Wang X, Xu T, Tang W. Auxin Coordinates Achene and Receptacle Development During Fruit Initiation in Fragaria vesca. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929831. [PMID: 35873981 PMCID: PMC9301465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In strawberries, fruit set is considered as the transition from the quiescent ovary to a rapidly growing fruit. Auxin, which is produced from the fertilized ovule in the achenes, plays a key role in promoting the enlargement of receptacles. However, detailed regulatory mechanisms for fruit set and the mutual regulation between achenes and receptacles are largely unknown. In this study, we found that pollination promoted fruit development (both achene and receptacle), which could be stimulated by exogenous auxin treatment. Interestingly, auxin was highly accumulated in achenes, but not in receptacles, after pollination. Further transcriptome analysis showed that only a small portion of the differentially expressed genes induced by pollination overlapped with those by exogenous auxin treatment. Auxin, but not pollination, was able to activate the expression of growth-related genes, especially in receptacles, which resulted in fast growth. Meanwhile, those genes involved in the pathways of other hormones, such as GA and cytokinin, were also regulated by exogenous auxin treatment, but not pollination. This suggested that pollination was not able to activate auxin responses in receptacles but produced auxin in fertilized achenes, and then auxin might be able to transport or transduce from achenes to receptacles and promote fast fruit growth at the early stage of fruit initiation. Our work revealed a potential coordination between achenes and receptacles during fruit set, and auxin might be a key coordinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Xin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolic Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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24
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Yang T, He Y, Niu S, Zhang Y. A YABBY gene CRABS CLAW a (CRCa) negatively regulates flower and fruit sizes in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111285. [PMID: 35643610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CRABS CLAW (CRC) is a YABBY transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in carpel development and flower meristem determinacy. Here, we characterized a CRC homolog SlCRCa and elucidated its specific roles in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlCRCa is highly expressed in the petals and stamens, and is responsive to gibberellin (GA) treatment. Overexpression of SlCRCa in tomato reduces the sizes of petals, stamens, and fruits, while the inverse phenotypes are induced by knockdown of SlCRCa. Furthermore, histological investigation suggests that the smaller or larger fruits in SlCRCa-overexpressing or SlCRCa-RNAi plants are mainly determined by the decreases or increases in cell layers and cell sizes in pericarp, respectively. Through transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses, we speculate that SlCRCa inhibits cell division by regulating the transcription of cell division-related genes, and also suppresses cell expansion by modulating the expansin genes and GA pathway in tomato fruits. Besides, SlCRCa is involved in the feedback regulation of GA biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that SlCRCa negatively regulates fruit size by affecting cell division and cell expansion, and it is also an inhibitor of floral organ sizes in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yu He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Shaobo Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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25
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Zhao P, Wang F, Deng Y, Zhong F, Tian P, Lin D, Deng J, Zhang Y, Huang T. Sly-miR159 regulates fruit morphology by modulating GA biosynthesis in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:833-845. [PMID: 34882929 PMCID: PMC9055814 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fruit morphology is an important agronomical trait of many crops. Here, we identify Sly-miR159 as an important regulator of fruit morphology in tomato, a model species of fleshy-fruit development. We show that Sly-miR159 functions through its target SlGAMYB2 to control fruit growth. Suppression of Sly-miR159 and overexpression of SlGAMYB2 result in larger fruits with a reduced length/width ratio, while loss of function of SlGAMYB2 leads to the formation of smaller and more elongated fruits. Gibberellin (GA) is a major phytohormone that regulates fruit development in tomato. We show the Sly-miR159-SlGAMYB2 pathway controls fruit morphology by modulating GA biosynthesis. In particular, we demonstrate that Sly-miR159 promotes GA biosynthesis largely through the direct repression of the GA biosynthetic gene SlGA3ox2 by SlGAMYB2. Together, our findings reveal the action of Sly-miR159 on GA biosynthesis as a previously unidentified mechanism that controls fruit morphology in tomato. Modulating this pathway may have potential applications in tomato breeding for manipulating fruit growth and facilitating the process of fruit improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and GuangdongCollege of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Fengpan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and GuangdongCollege of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yinjiao Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Fanjia Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Peng Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and GuangdongCollege of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Dongbo Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and GuangdongCollege of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Juhui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
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26
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Transcriptomic, Hormonomic and Metabolomic Analyses Highlighted the Common Modules Related to Photosynthesis, Sugar Metabolism and Cell Division in Parthenocarpic Tomato Fruits during Early Fruit Set. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091420. [PMID: 35563726 PMCID: PMC9102895 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy, the pollination-independent fruit set, can raise the productivity of the fruit set even under adverse factors during the reproductive phase. The application of plant hormones stimulates parthenocarpy, but artificial hormones incur extra financial and labour costs to farmers and can induce the formation of deformed fruit. This study examines the performance of parthenocarpic mutants having no transcription factors of SlIAA9 and SlTAP3 and sldella that do not have the protein-coding gene, SlDELLA, in tomato (cv. Micro-Tom). At 0 day after the flowering (DAF) stage and DAFs after pollination, the sliaa9 mutant demonstrated increased pistil development compared to the other two mutants and wild type (WT). In contrast to WT and the other mutants, the sliaa9 mutant with pollination efficiently stimulated the build-up of auxin and GAs after flowering. Alterations in both transcript and metabolite profiles existed for WT with and without pollination, while the three mutants without pollination demonstrated the comparable metabolomic status of pollinated WT. Network analysis showed key modules linked to photosynthesis, sugar metabolism and cell proliferation. Equivalent modules were noticed in the famous parthenocarpic cultivars ‘Severianin’, particularly for emasculated samples. Our discovery indicates that controlling the genes and metabolites proffers future breeding policies for tomatoes.
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27
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Gan L, Song M, Wang X, Yang N, Li H, Liu X, Li Y. Cytokinins is involved in regulation of tomato pericarp thickness and fruit size. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab041. [PMID: 35043193 PMCID: PMC8968492 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although cytokinins (CKs) regulate fruit development, no direct genetic evidence supports the role of endogenous CKs in pericarp growth or development or fruit size. Here, we report that the reduction in endogenous active CKs level via overexpression of a CKs-inactivating enzyme gene AtCKX2 specifically in fruit tissues resulted in reduced pericarp thickness and smaller fruit size, compared to wild-type control fruits. The pericarp thickness and single fruit weight in transgenic plants were significantly reduced. Analysis of paraffin sections showed that the reduced pericarp thickness was due largely to a decreased number of cells, and thus decreased cell division. Transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of cell division- and expansion-related genes was reduced in AtCKX2-overexpressing fruits. In addition, the expression of auxin-signaling and gibberellin-biosynthetic genes was repressed, whereas that of gibberellin-inactivating genes was enhanced, in AtCKX2-overexpressing fruits. These results demonstrate that endogenous CKs regulate pericarp cell division and, subsequently, fruit size. They also suggest that CKs interact with auxin and gibberellins in regulating tomato pericarp thickness and fruit size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Gan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengying Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and the College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuexia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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28
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He H, Yamamuro C. Interplays between auxin and GA signaling coordinate early fruit development. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab078. [PMID: 35043212 PMCID: PMC8955447 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones and their interactions are critical for fruit development and, are key topics in horticulture research. Auxin, together with gibberellic acid (GA), promotes cell division and expansion, thus subsequently regulates fruit development and enlargement after fertilization. Auxin and GA related mutants show parthenocarpy (fruit formation without fertilization of ovule) in many plant species, indicating that these hormones and possibly their interactions play a key role in the regulation of fruit initiation and development. Recent studies have shown clear molecular and genetic evidence that ARF/IAA and DELLA protein interact each other and regulate both auxin and GA signaling pathways in response to auxin and GA during fruit growth in horticultural plants, tomato (the most studied freshy fruit) and strawberry (the model of Rosaceae). These recent findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which plant hormones auxin and GA regulate fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai He
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chizuko Yamamuro
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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29
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Gupta K, Wani SH, Razzaq A, Skalicky M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Hejnak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Alaklabi A, Brestic M. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817500. [PMID: 35620694 PMCID: PMC9127668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Khudwani, India
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani,
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Milan Skalicky,
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
| | - Sonia Goel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Bio and Nanotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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Liu LM, Zhang HQ, Cheng K, Zhang YM. Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses of PIN1, CKX, and Yield-Related Genes Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms for the Difference of Seed Number Per Pod Between Soybean and Cowpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749902. [PMID: 34912354 PMCID: PMC8667476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is limited advancement on seed number per pod (SNPP) in soybean breeding, resulting in low yield in China. To address this issue, we identified PIN1 and CKX gene families that regulate SNPP in Arabidopsis, analyzed the differences of auxin and cytokinin pathways, and constructed interaction networks on PIN1, CKX, and yield-related genes in soybean and cowpea. First, the relative expression level (REL) of PIN1 and the plasma membrane localization and phosphorylation levels of PIN1 protein were less in soybean than in cowpea, which make auxin transport efficiency lower in soybean, and its two interacted proteins might be involved in serine hydrolysis, so soybean has lower SNPP than cowpea. Then, the CKX gene family, along with its positive regulatory factor ROCK1, had higher REL and less miRNA regulation in soybean flowers than in cowpea ones. These lead to higher cytokinin degradation level, which further reduces the REL of PIN1 and decreases soybean SNPP. We found that VuACX4 had much higher REL than GmACX4, although the two genes essential in embryo development interact with the CKX gene family. Next, a tandem duplication experienced by legumes led to the differentiation of CKX3 into CKX3a and CKX3b, in which CKX3a is a key gene affecting ovule number. Finally, in the yield-related gene networks, three cowpea CBP genes had higher RELs than two soybean CBP genes, low RELs of three soybean-specific IPT genes might lead to a decrease in cytokinin synthesis, and some negative and positive SNPP regulation were found, respectively, in soybean and cowpea. These networks may explain the SNPP difference in the two crops. We deduced that ckx3a or ckx3a ckx6 ckx7 mutants, interfering CYP88A, and over-expressed DELLA increase SNPP in soybean. This study reveals the molecular mechanism for the SNPP difference in the two crops, and provides an important idea for increasing soybean yield.
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Effects of Pollination Interventions, Plant Age and Source on Hormonal Patterns and Fruit Set of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm is widely propagated through conventional offshoots. It is also produced through a tissue culture technique due to the limited number of offshoots produced throughout the course of a palm’s life. Being dioecious, it is a cross-pollinated tree that can be naturally or artificially pollinated. Tissue-cultured plants often have abnormal epigenetic or genetic changes that affect specific phenotypic characteristics. The growth of parthenocarpic fruits in date palms is mostly induced by hormonal imbalances in certain tissues. The major hormones in parthenocarpic fruits are auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA). Parthenocarpic, or abnormal fruit development, is an undesirable trait for date palm growers since it drastically reduces farm income. The current study was therefore conducted over two seasons to confirm previous observations and included conventional offshoot-derived trees (CO) and tissue culture-derived ones (TC) of the cultivar Barhee. According to the observed ratio of the fruiting abnormalities, two date palm tree ages were selected, i.e., 6 and 13 years. Two pollination interventions were used: pollination of naturally open female spathes (NOP) and pollination of forced open female spathes (FOP). Plant hormones, IAA, GA3, and ABA were identified just before pollination and at specific intervals after pollination for up to 85 days. The ratio of the abnormal fruit set was identified 5 days after pollination. Significant differences were observed in hormonal levels between tree ages as well as between tree propagation sources. Young TC trees (6-year-old) had high abnormal fruit sets compared to CO date palm trees that were the same age. During the early fruit growth and development phases, CO date palms had much higher amounts of IAA and GA3 than TC date palms. However, ABA concentrations were surprisingly higher in the TC trees during the early fruit growth stages, while it immediately decreased after pollination in the CO date palms. The ratio of abnormal fruits was significantly reduced in the 13-year-old TC date palms, and no differences were observed compared to the CO ones. The levels of IAA, GA3, and ABA hormones in both young and old date palms derived through CO or TC followed similar patterns. The critical observations regarding the ABA pattern in the old TC date palms (13-year-old) gradually dropped after pollination, which was identical to the CO ones, whereas it was the opposite in the young 6-year-old TC date palm plants.
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Chen J, Yan Q, Li J, Feng L, Zhang Y, Xu J, Xia R, Zeng Z, Liu Y. The GRAS gene family and its roles in seed development in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:423. [PMID: 34535087 PMCID: PMC8447652 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GRAS gene family plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes of plant growth, including seed development, which is related to seedless traits of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). However, it hasn't been fully identified and analyzed in litchi, an economic fruit tree cultivated in subtropical regions. RESULTS In this study, 48 LcGRAS proteins were identified and termed according to their chromosomal location. LcGRAS proteins can be categorized into 14 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and conserved domain analysis revealed that different subfamilies harbored various motif patterns, suggesting their functional diversity. Synteny analysis revealed that the expansion of the GRAS family in litchi may be driven by their tandem and segmental duplication. After comprehensively analysing degradome data, we found that four LcGRAS genes belong to HAM subfamily were regulated via miR171-mediated degradation. The various expression patterns of LcGRAS genes in different tissues uncovered they were involved in different biological processes. Moreover, the different temporal expression profiles of LcGRAS genes between abortive and bold seed indicated some of them were involved in maintaining the normal development of the seed. CONCLUSION Our study provides comprehensive analyses on GRAS family members in litchi, insight into a better understanding of the roles of GRAS in litchi development, and lays the foundation for further investigations on litchi seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture / Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratary of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research / Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zaohai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Khakhar A, Wang C, Swanson R, Stokke S, Rizvi F, Sarup S, Hobbs J, Voytas DF. VipariNama: RNA viral vectors to rapidly elucidate the relationship between gene expression and phenotype. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2222-2238. [PMID: 34009393 PMCID: PMC8331131 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic transcription factors have great promise as tools to help elucidate relationships between gene expression and phenotype by allowing tunable alterations of gene expression without genomic alterations of the loci being studied. However, the years-long timescales, high cost, and technical skill associated with plant transformation have limited their use. In this work, we developed a technology called VipariNama (ViN) in which vectors based on the tobacco rattle virus are used to rapidly deploy Cas9-based synthetic transcription factors and reprogram gene expression in planta. We demonstrate that ViN vectors can implement activation or repression of multiple genes systemically and persistently over several weeks in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). By exploring strategies including RNA scaffolding, viral vector ensembles, and viral engineering, we describe how the flexibility and efficacy of regulation can be improved. We also show how this transcriptional reprogramming can create predictable changes to metabolic phenotypes, such as gibberellin biosynthesis in N. benthamiana and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, as well as developmental phenotypes, such as plant size in N. benthamiana, Arabidopsis, and tomato. These results demonstrate how ViN vector-based reprogramming of different aspects of gibberellin signaling can be used to engineer plant size in a range of plant species in a matter of weeks. In summary, ViN accelerates the timeline for generating phenotypes from over a year to just a few weeks, providing an attractive alternative to transgenesis for synthetic transcription factor-enabled hypothesis testing and crop engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Khakhar
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Cecily Wang
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Ryan Swanson
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Sydney Stokke
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Furva Rizvi
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Surbhi Sarup
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - John Hobbs
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
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Wang S, Lv S, Zhao T, Jiang M, Liu D, Fu S, Hu M, Huang S, Pei Y, Wang X. Modification of Threonine-825 of SlBRI1 Enlarges Cell Size to Enhance Fruit Yield by Regulating the Cooperation of BR-GA Signaling in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147673. [PMID: 34299293 PMCID: PMC8305552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are growth-promoting phytohormones that can efficiently function by exogenous application at micromolar concentrations or by endogenous fine-tuning of BR-related gene expression, thus, precisely controlling BR signal strength is a key factor in exploring the agricultural potential of BRs. BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1), a BR receptor, is the rate-limiting enzyme in BR signal transduction, and the phosphorylation of each phosphorylation site of SlBRI1 has a distinct effect on BR signal strength and botanic characteristics. We recently demonstrated that modifying the phosphorylation sites of tomato SlBRI1 could improve the agronomic traits of tomato to different extents; however, the associated agronomic potential of SlBRI1 phosphorylation sites in tomato has not been fully exploited. In this research, the biological functions of the phosphorylation site threonine-825 (Thr-825) of SlBRI1 in tomato were investigated. Phenotypic analysis showed that, compared with a tomato line harboring SlBRI1, transgenic tomato lines expressing SlBRI1 with a nonphosphorylated Thr-825 (T825A) exhibited a larger plant size due to a larger cell size and higher yield, including a greater plant height, thicker stems, longer internodal lengths, greater plant expansion, a heavier fruit weight, and larger fruits. Molecular analyses further indicated that the autophosphorylation level of SlBRI1, BR signaling, and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling were elevated when SlBRI1 was dephosphorylated at Thr-825. Taken together, the results demonstrated that dephosphorylation of Thr-825 can enhance the functions of SlBRI1 in BR signaling, which subsequently activates and cooperates with GA signaling to stimulate cell elongation and then leads to larger plants and higher yields per plant. These results also highlight the agricultural potential of SlBRI1 phosphorylation sites for breeding high-yielding tomato varieties through precise control of BR signaling.
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Nimmakayala P, Lopez-Ortiz C, Shahi B, Abburi VL, Natarajan P, Kshetry AO, Shinde S, Davenport B, Stommel J, Reddy UK. Exploration into natural variation for genes associated with fruit shape and size among Capsicum chinense collections. Genomics 2021; 113:3002-3014. [PMID: 34229041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype diversity within cultivated Capsicum chinense is particularly evident for fruit shape and size. We used this diversity in C. chinense to further unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying fruit shape variation in pepper and related Solanaceous species. We identified candidate genes for C. chinense fruit shape, explored their contribution to population structure, and characterized their potential function in pepper fruit shape. Using genotyping by sequencing, we identified 43,081 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from diverse collections of C. chinense. Principal component, neighbor-joining tree, and population structure analyses resolved 3 phylogenetically robust clusters associated with fruit shapes. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to identify associated genomic regions with various fruit shape traits obtained from image analysis with Tomato Analyzer software. In our GWAS, we selected 12 SNPs associated with locule number trait and 8 SNP markers associated with other fruit shape traits such as perimeter, area, obovoid, ellipsoid and morphometrics (5y, 6y and 7y). The SNPs in CLAVATA1, WD-40, Auxin receptor, AAA type ATPase family protein, and RNA polymerase III genes were the major markers identified for fruit locule number from our GWAS results. Furthermore, we found SNPs in tetratricopeptide-repeat thioredoxin-like 3, enhancer of ABA co-receptor 1, subunit of exocyst complex 8 and pleiotropic drug resistance proteins associated with various fruit shape traits. CLAVATA1, WD-40 and Auxin receptor genes are known genes that affect tomato fruit shape. In this study, we used Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion knockout mutants and expression profiles for functional characterization of newly identified genes and to understand their role in fruit shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Nimmakayala
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Bhagarathi Shahi
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Venkata L Abburi
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Arjun Ojha Kshetry
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Suhas Shinde
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Brittany Davenport
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - John Stommel
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville MD-20705, USA
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV-25112, USA.
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Phenotypic Characterization and Differential Gene Expression Analysis Reveal That Dwarf Mutant dwf Dwarfism Is Associated with Gibberellin in Eggplant. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dwarfism is a desirable trait in eggplant breeding, as it confers higher lodging resistance and allows simplified management and harvest. However, a few dwarf mutants have been reported, and the molecular mechanism underlying dwarfism in eggplant is completely unknown. Here, we report a dwarf mutant (dwf) isolated from an ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant library. The hypocotyl length, plant height, and length of internode cells of dwf were significantly decreased compared to those of the wild-type parent ‘14-345’ (WT). Differential gene expression analysis revealed that GA-related genes, including GA2ox and DELLA, were up-regulated whereas the gibberellin (GA3) content decreased in dwf. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment significantly increased the relative growth rate of dwf compared to WT, further indicating the important roles of GA in regulating the dwarf phenotype of dwf. Collectively, our findings shed light on GA-mediated dwarfism in dwf plants and offer a good germplasm that could be used for eggplant dwarfism breeding in the future.
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Gupta SK, Barg R, Arazi T. Tomato agamous-like6 parthenocarpy is facilitated by ovule integument reprogramming involving the growth regulator KLUH. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:969-984. [PMID: 33793903 PMCID: PMC8133625 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is established during and soon after fertilization of the ovules inside the quiescent ovary, but the signaling pathways involved remain obscure. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) CRISPR loss-of-function mutant of the transcription factor gene AGAMOUS-like6 (SlAGL6; slagl6CR-sg1) is capable of fertilization-independent setting of normal, yet seedless (parthenocarpic), fruit. To gain insight into the mechanism of fleshy fruit set, in this study, we investigated how slagl6CR-sg1 uncouples fruit set from fertilization. We found that mutant ovules were enlarged due to integument over-proliferation and failed to differentiate an endothelium, the integument's innermost layer, upon maturation. A causal relationship between slagl6 loss-of-function and these abnormal phenotypes is inferred from the observation that SlAGL6 is predominantly expressed in the immature ovule integument, and upon ovule maturation, its expression shifts to the endothelium. The transcriptome of unfertilized mutant ovules profoundly differs from that of wild-type and exhibits substantial overlap with the transcriptomes of fertilized ovules sporophytic tissues. One prominent upregulated gene was the fertilization-induced cytochrome P450 cell proliferation regulator SlKLUH. Indeed, ectopic overexpression of SlKLUH stimulated both integument growth in unfertilized ovules and parthenocarpy, suggesting that its suppression by SlAGL6 is paramount for preventing fertilization-independent fruit set. Taken together, our study informs on the transcriptional programs that are regulated by SlAGL6 and demonstrates that it acts from within the ovule integument to inhibit ovary growth beyond anthesis. That by suppressing components of the fertilization-induced ovule reprogramming underlying fruit set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Gupta
- ARO, Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, HaMaccabbim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rivka Barg
- ARO, Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, HaMaccabbim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Tzahi Arazi
- ARO, Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, HaMaccabbim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Author for communication:
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Zhou J, Sittmann J, Guo L, Xiao Y, Huang X, Pulapaka A, Liu Z. Gibberellin and auxin signaling genes RGA1 and ARF8 repress accessory fruit initiation in diploid strawberry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1059-1075. [PMID: 33793929 PMCID: PMC8133647 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike ovary-derived botanical fruits, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is an accessory fruit derived from the receptacle, the stem tip subtending floral organs. Although both botanical and accessory fruits initiate development in response to auxin and gibberellic acid (GA) released from seeds, the downstream auxin and GA signaling mechanisms underlying accessory fruit development are presently unknown. We characterized GA and auxin signaling mutants in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) during early stage fruit development. While mutations in FveRGA1 and FveARF8 both led to the development of larger fruit, only mutations in FveRGA1 caused parthenocarpic fruit formation, suggesting FveRGA1 is a key regulator of fruit set. FveRGA1 mediated fertilization-induced GA signaling during accessory fruit initiation by repressing the expression of cell division and expansion genes and showed direct protein-protein interaction with FveARF8. Further, fvearf8 mutant fruits exhibited an enhanced response to auxin or GA application, and the increased response to GA was due to increased expression of FveGID1c coding for a putative GA receptor. The work reveals a crosstalk mechanism between FveARF8 in auxin signaling and FveGID1c in GA signaling. Together, our work provides functional insights into hormone signaling in an accessory fruit, broadens our understanding of fruit initiation in different fruit types, and lays the groundwork for future improvement of strawberry fruit productivity and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - John Sittmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yuwei Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Anuhya Pulapaka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Pu W, Zhu H, Liang J, Wu J, Hong L, Guan P, Hu J. 4-CPA (4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid) Induces the Formation and Development of Defective "Fenghou" ( Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca) Grape Seeds. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040515. [PMID: 33808413 PMCID: PMC8067128 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For some horticultural plants, auxins can not only induce normal fruit setting but also form fake seeds in the induced fruits. This phenomenon is relatively rare, and, so far, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, “Fenghou” (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca) grapes were artificially emasculated before flowering and then sprayed with 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) to analyze its effect on seed formation. The results show that 4-CPA can induce normal fruit setting in “Fenghou” grapes. Although more seeds were detected in the fruits of the 4-CPA-treated grapevine, most seeds were immature. There was no significant difference in the seed shape; namely, both fruit seeds of the grapevines with and without 4-CPA treatment contained a hard seed coat. However, the immature seeds lacked embryo and endosperm tissue and could not germinate successfully; these were considered defective seeds. Tissue structure observation of defective seeds revealed that a lot of tissue redifferentiation occurred at the top of the ovule, which increased the number of cell layers of the outer integument; some even differentiated into new ovule primordia. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that 4-CPA application regulated the expression of the genes VvARF2 and VvAP2, which are associated with integument development in “Fenghou” grape ovules. Together, this study evokes the regulatory role of 4-CPA in the division and continuous redifferentiation of integument cells, which eventually develop into defective seeds with thick seed coats in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Wenjiang Pu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Jinjun Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Liang Hong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Pingyin Guan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62732488
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Cheng MZ, Gong C, Zhang B, Qu W, Qi HN, Chen XL, Wang XY, Zhang Y, Liu JY, Ding XD, Qiu YW, Wang AX. Morphological and anatomical characteristics of exserted stigma sterility and the location and function of SlLst (Solanum lycopersicum Long styles) gene in tomato. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:505-518. [PMID: 33140169 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical changes in and hormone roles of the exserted stigma were investigated, and localization and functional analysis of SlLst for the exserted stigma were performed using SLAF-BSA-seq, parental resequencing and overexpression of SlLst in tomato. Tomato accession T431 produces stigmas under relatively high temperatures (> 27 °C, the average temperature in Harbin, China, in June-August), so pollen can rarely reach the stigma properly. This allows the percentage of male sterility exceed 95%, making the use of this accession practical for hybrid seed production. To investigate the mechanism underlying the exserted stigma male sterility, the morphological changes of, anatomical changes of, and comparative endogenous hormone (IAA, ABA, GA3, ZT, SA) changes in flowers during flower development of tomato accessions DL5 and T431 were measured. The location and function of genes controlling exserted stigma sterility were analyzed using super SLAF-BSA-seq, parental resequencing, comparative genomics and the overexpression of SlLst in tomato. The results showed that an increase in cell number mainly caused stigma exsertion. IAA played a major role, while ABA had an opposite effect on stigma exertion. Moreover, 26 candidate genes related to the exserted stigma were found, located on chromosome 12. The Solyc12g027610.1 (SlLst) gene was identified as the key candidate gene by functional analysis. A subcellular localization assay revealed that SlLst is targeted to the nucleus and cell membrane. Phenotypic analysis of SlLst-overexpressing tomato showed that SlLst plays a crucial role during stigma exsertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Zhen Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Qu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao-Nan Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Yin Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - You-Wen Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ao-Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Riccini A, Picarella ME, De Angelis F, Mazzucato A. Bulk RNA-Seq analysis to dissect the regulation of stigma position in tomato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:263-285. [PMID: 33104942 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis of tomato genotypes contrasting for stigma position suggests that stigma insertion occurred by the disruption of a process that finds a parallel in Arabidopsis gynoecium development. Domestication of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) included the transition from allogamy to autogamy that occurred through the loss of self-incompatibilty and the retraction of the stigma within the antheridial cone. Although the inserted stigma is an established phenotype in modern tomatoes, an exserted stigma is still present in several landraces or vintage varieties. Moreover, exsertion of the stigma is a frequent response to high temperature stress and, being a cause of reduced fertility, a trait of increasing importance. Few QTLs for stigma position have been described and only one of the underlying genes identified. To gain insights on genes involved in stigma position in tomato, a bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach was adopted, using two groups of contrasting genotypes. Phenotypic analysis confirmed the extent and the stability of stigma position in the selected genotypes, whereas they were highly heterogeneous for other reproductive and productive traits. The RNA-Seq analysis yielded 801 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 566 up-regulated and 235 down-regulated in the genotypes with exserted stigma. Validation by quantitative PCR indicated a high reliability of the RNA-Seq data. Up-regulated DEGs were enriched for genes involved in the cell wall metabolism, lipid transport, auxin response and flavonoid biosynthesis. Down-regulated DEGs were enriched for genes involved in translation. Validation of selected genes on pistil tissue of the 26 single genotypes revealed that differences between bulks could both be due to a general trend of the bulk or to the behaviour of single genotypes. Novel candidate genes potentially involved in the control of stigma position in tomato are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Riccini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - M E Picarella
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - F De Angelis
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A Mazzucato
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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Chai S, Yao Q, Zhang X, Xiao X, Fan X, Zeng J, Sha L, Kang H, Zhang H, Li J, Zhou Y, Wang Y. The semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp from dwarf polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) is the "Green Revolution" gene Rht-B1b. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:63. [PMID: 33468043 PMCID: PMC7814455 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The wheat dwarfing gene increases lodging resistance, the grain number per spike and harvest index. Dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB, DPW), initially collected from Tulufan, Xinjiang, China, carries a semi-dwarfing gene Rht-dp on chromosome 4BS. However, Rht-dp and its dwarfing mechanism are unknown. Results Homologous cloning and mapping revealed that Rht-dp is the ‘Green Revolution’ gene Rht-B1b. A haplotype analysis in 59 tetraploid wheat accessions showed that Rht-B1b was only present in T. polonicum. Transcriptomic analysis of two pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of DPW × Tall Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB, TPW) revealed 41 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as potential dwarfism-related genes. Among them, 28 functionally annotated DEGs were classed into five sub-groups: hormone-related signalling transduction genes, transcription factor genes, cell wall structure-related genes, reactive oxygen-related genes, and nitrogen regulation-related genes. Conclusions These results indicated that Rht-dp is Rht-B1b, which regulates pathways related to hormones, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen assimilation to modify the cell wall structure, and then limits cell wall loosening and inhibits cell elongation, thereby causing dwarfism in DPW. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07367-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Chai
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Liu Y, Shi Y, Su D, Lu W, Li Z. SlGRAS4 accelerates fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes and SlMADS1 in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:3. [PMID: 33384413 PMCID: PMC7775462 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
GRAS proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. However, their involvement in the ripening of economically important fruits and their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SlGRAS4, encoding a transcription factor of the GRAS family, was induced by the tomato ripening process and regulated by ethylene. Overexpression of SlGRAS4 accelerated fruit ripening, increased the total carotenoid content and increased PSY1 expression in SlGRAS4-OE fruit compared to wild-type fruit. The expression levels of key ethylene biosynthesis genes (SlACS2, SlACS4, SlACO1, and SlACO3) and crucial ripening regulators (RIN and NOR) were increased in SlGRAS4-OE fruit. The negative regulator of tomato fruit ripening, SlMADS1, was repressed in OE fruit. Exogenous ethylene and 1-MCP treatment revealed that more endogenous ethylene was derived in SlGRAS4-OE fruit. More obvious phenotypes were observed in OE seedlings after ACC treatment. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that SlGRAS4 can directly bind SlACO1 and SlACO3 promoters to activate their transcription, and SlGRAS4 can also directly repress SlMADS1 expression. Our study identified that SlGRAS4 acts as a new regulator of fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes in a direct manner. This provides new knowledge of GRAS transcription factors involved in regulating fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
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Yang L, Qi S, Touqeer A, Li H, Zhang X, Liu X, Wu S. SlGT11 controls floral organ patterning and floral determinacy in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:562. [PMID: 33317459 PMCID: PMC7734826 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flower development directly affects fruit production in tomato. Despite the framework mediated by ABC genes have been established in Arabidopsis, the spatiotemporal precision of floral development in tomato has not been well examined. RESULTS Here, we analyzed a novel tomato stamenless like flower (slf) mutant in which the development of stamens and carpels is disturbed, with carpelloid structure formed in the third whorl and ectopic formation of floral and shoot apical meristem in the fourth whorl. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA), we assigned the causal mutation to the gene Solanum lycopersicum GT11 (SlGT11) that encodes a transcription factor belonging to Trihelix gene family. SlGT11 is expressed in the early stages of the flower and the expression becomes more specific to the primordium position corresponding to stamens and carpels in later stages of the floral development. Further RNAi silencing of SlGT11 verifies the defective phenotypes of the slf mutant. The carpelloid stamen in slf mutant indicates that SlGT11 is required for B-function activity in the third whorl. The failed termination of floral meristem and the occurrence of floral reversion in slf indicate that part of the C-function requires SlGT11 activity in the fourth whorl. Furthermore, we find that at higher temperature, the defects of slf mutant are substantially enhanced, with petals transformed into sepals, all stamens disappeared, and the frequency of ectopic shoot/floral meristem in fourth whorl increased, indicating that SlGT11 functions in the development of the three inner floral whorls. Consistent with the observed phenotypes, it was found that B, C and an E-type MADS-box genes were in part down regulated in slf mutants. CONCLUSIONS Together with the spatiotemporal expression pattern, we suggest that SlGT11 functions in floral organ patterning and maintenance of floral determinacy in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Yang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shilian Qi
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Arfa Touqeer
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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How Hormones and MADS-Box Transcription Factors Are Involved in Controlling Fruit Set and Parthenocarpy in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121441. [PMID: 33265980 PMCID: PMC7760363 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit set is the earliest phase of fruit growth and represents the onset of ovary growth after successful fertilization. In parthenocarpy, fruit formation is less affected by environmental factors because it occurs in the absence of pollination and fertilization, making parthenocarpy a highly desired agronomic trait. Elucidating the genetic program controlling parthenocarpy, and more generally fruit set, may have important implications in agriculture, considering the need for crops to be adaptable to climate changes. Several phytohormones play an important role in the transition from flower to fruit. Further complexity emerges from functional analysis of floral homeotic genes. Some homeotic MADS-box genes are implicated in fruit growth and development, displaying an expression pattern commonly observed for ovary growth repressors. Here, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on the molecular regulatory gene network underlying fruit set in tomato, the model organism for fleshy fruit development due to the many genetic and genomic resources available. We describe how the genetic modification of components of this network can cause parthenocarpy, discussing the contribution of hormonal signals and MADS-box transcription factors.
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Abstract
Fruit set is the process whereby ovaries develop into fruits after pollination and fertilization. The process is induced by the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) in tomatoes, as determined by the constitutive GA response mutant procera However, the role of GA on the metabolic behavior in fruit-setting ovaries remains largely unknown. This study explored the biochemical mechanisms of fruit set using a network analysis of integrated transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and enzyme activity data. Our results revealed that fruit set involves the activation of central carbon metabolism, with increased hexoses, hexose phosphates, and downstream metabolites, including intermediates and derivatives of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and associated organic and amino acids. The network analysis also identified the transcriptional hub gene SlHB15A, that coordinated metabolic activation. Furthermore, a kinetic model of sucrose metabolism predicted that the sucrose cycle had high activity levels in unpollinated ovaries, whereas it was shut down when sugars rapidly accumulated in vacuoles in fruit-setting ovaries, in a time-dependent manner via tonoplastic sugar carriers. Moreover, fruit set at least partly required the activity of fructokinase, which may pull fructose out of the vacuole, and this could feed the downstream pathways. Collectively, our results indicate that GA cascades enhance sink capacities, by up-regulating central metabolic enzyme capacities at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. This leads to increased sucrose uptake and carbon fluxes for the production of the constituents of biomass and energy that are essential for rapid ovary growth during the initiation of fruit set.
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yang T, Zhang J, Liu B, Zhan X, Liang Y. The GAMYB-like gene SlMYB33 mediates flowering and pollen development in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:133. [PMID: 32922805 PMCID: PMC7459326 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GAMYBs are positive GA signaling factors that exhibit essential functions in reproductive development, particularly in anther and pollen development. However, there is no direct evidence of the regulation of any GAMYB in these biological processes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here, we identified a tomato GAMYB-like gene, SlMYB33, and characterized its specific roles. SlMYB33 is predominately expressed in the stamens and pistils. During flower development, high mRNA abundance of SlMYB33 is detected in both male and female organs, such as microspore mother cells, anthers, pollen grains, and ovules. Silencing of SlMYB33 leads to delayed flowering, aberrant pollen viability, and poor fertility in tomato. Histological analyses indicate that SlMYB33 exerts its function in pollen development in the mature stage. Further transcriptomic analyses imply that the knockdown of SlMYB33 significantly inhibits the expression of genes related to flowering in shoot apices, and alters the transcription of genes controlling sugar metabolism in anthers. Taken together, our study suggests that SlMYB33 regulates tomato flowering and pollen maturity, probably by modulating the expression of genes responsible for flowering and sugar metabolism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xiangqiang Zhan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
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Zhu B, Li H, Xia X, Meng Y, Wang N, Li L, Shi J, Pei Y, Lin M, Niu L, Lin H. ATP-Binding Cassette G Transporters SGE1 and MtABCG13 Control Stigma Exsertion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:223-235. [PMID: 32690757 PMCID: PMC7479885 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stigma exsertion is an important agricultural trait that facilitates the application of heterosis in crop breeding. Although several quantitative trait loci associated with stigma exsertion have been fine-mapped or cloned, the underlying genetic basis, particularly in legumes, remains unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized the exserted stigma mutant stigma exsertion1 (sge1) in the model legume Medicago truncatula The exserted stigma phenotype of sge1 is mainly caused by physical interaction between floral organs, in which normal petal and stamen elongation are inhibited due to flower cuticle defects. SGE1 encodes an ATP-binding cassette G (ABCG) transporter that plays a critical role in regulating floral cutin and wax secretion in M. truncatula SGE1 physically interacts with another half-size transporter, MtABCG13, to form a functional heterodimer. Mutation of MtABCG13 results in flower cuticle defects similar to those in sge1 as well as stigma exsertion, indicating that SGE1 and MtABCG13 are indispensable for flower cuticle secretion and collaboratively control stigma exsertion in M. truncatula Our findings reveal novel functions for ABCG transporters in determining stigma exsertion by affecting the physical interactions of floral organs, providing insight into the molecular mechanism underlying stigma exsertion in leguminous plants with complex zygomorphic flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Butuo Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xia
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - LuLu Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanxi Pei
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Min Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lifang Niu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Renau-Morata B, Carrillo L, Cebolla-Cornejo J, Molina RV, Martí R, Domínguez-Figueroa J, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Medina J, Nebauer SG. The targeted overexpression of SlCDF4 in the fruit enhances tomato size and yield involving gibberellin signalling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10645. [PMID: 32606421 PMCID: PMC7326986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops and a model for studying fruit biology. Although several genes involved in the traits of fruit quality, development and size have been identified, little is known about the regulatory genes controlling its growth. In this study, we characterized the role of the tomato SlCDF4 gene in fruit development, a cycling DOF-type transcription factor highly expressed in fruits. The targeted overexpression of SlCDF4 gene in the fruit induced an increased yield based on a higher amount of both water and dry matter accumulated in the fruits. Accordingly, transcript levels of genes involved in water transport and cell division and expansion during the fruit enlargement phase also increased. Furthermore, the larger amount of biomass partitioned to the fruit relied on the greater sink strength of the fruits induced by the increased activity of sucrose-metabolising enzymes. Additionally, our results suggest a positive role of SlCDF4 in the gibberellin-signalling pathway through the modulation of GA4 biosynthesis. Finally, the overexpression of SlCDF4 also promoted changes in the profile of carbon and nitrogen compounds related to fruit quality. Overall, our results unveil SlCDF4 as a new key factor controlling tomato size and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Renau-Morata
- Plant Physiology Area, Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa V Molina
- Plant Physiology Area, Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Martí
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Domínguez-Figueroa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Plant Physiology Area, Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Barro-Trastoy D, Carrera E, Baños J, Palau-Rodríguez J, Ruiz-Rivero O, Tornero P, Alonso JM, López-Díaz I, Gómez MD, Pérez-Amador MA. Regulation of ovule initiation by gibberellins and brassinosteroids in tomato and Arabidopsis: two plant species, two molecular mechanisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:1026-1041. [PMID: 31930587 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovule primordia formation is a complex developmental process with a strong impact on the production of seeds. In Arabidopsis this process is controlled by a gene network, including components of the signalling pathways of auxin, brassinosteroids (BRs) and cytokinins. Recently, we have shown that gibberellins (GAs) also play an important role in ovule primordia initiation, inhibiting ovule formation in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Here we reveal that BRs also participate in the control of ovule initiation in tomato, by promoting an increase on ovule primordia formation. Moreover, molecular and genetic analyses of the co-regulation by GAs and BRs of the control of ovule initiation indicate that two different mechanisms occur in tomato and Arabidopsis. In tomato, GAs act downstream of BRs. BRs regulate ovule number through the downregulation of GA biosynthesis, which provokes stabilization of DELLA proteins that will finally promote ovule primordia initiation. In contrast, in Arabidopsis both GAs and BRs regulate ovule number independently of the activity levels of the other hormone. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that different molecular mechanisms could operate in different plant species to regulate identical developmental processes even, as for ovule primordia initiation, if the same set of hormones trigger similar responses, adding a new level of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barro-Trastoy
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Baños
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Palau-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Ruiz-Rivero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Tornero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pérez-Amador
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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