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Suzuki R, Maruyama K, Sato S. Anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin on human gingival fibroblasts stimulated by lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00988-0. [PMID: 39162858 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria, the inflammatory response generated against them, and host factors. Furthermore, environmental factors can lead to disease progression. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblast (HGF), this study investigated the bioactivity of HGF after exposure to hesperidin (Hesp) and the anti-inflammatory activity of Hesp against early periodontitis. HGF were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum. They were exposed to LPS for 6 h, followed by Hesp (1, 10, 30, and 50 µM) exposure for 4 h. Cell proliferation was evaluated using reduction staining with alamerBlue™. Inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8] and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels were assessed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hesp 50 µM + LPS inhibited cell proliferation. The Hesp exposure group inhibited the expression of IL-8 and IL-6. No significant difference in TLR4 expression was observed. Hesp significantly suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 expression by inhibiting downstream signaling without inhibiting TLR4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Suzuki
- Periodontology, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Maruyama
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chou-ku, Niigata, 951-8150, Japan
| | - Soh Sato
- Periodontology, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chou-ku, Niigata, 951-8150, Japan
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Yu SY, Oh BS, Ryu SW, Bak JE, Heo ES, Moon JC, Jeong JH, Lee JH. Novel microbiota Mesosutterella faecium sp. nov. has a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342098. [PMID: 38633706 PMCID: PMC11022602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe, non-motile, flagella-lacking, catalase- and oxidase-negative, coccobacilli-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB02718T was isolated from swine feces. The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain AGMB02718T belonged to the genus Mesosutterella with the highest similarity to M. multiformis 4NBBH2T (= DSM 106860T) (sequence similarity of 96.2%), forming a distinct phylogenetic lineage. Its growth occurred at 25-45°C (optimal 37°C) and in 0.5-1% NaCl (optimal 0.5%). Strain AGMB02718T was asaccharolytic and contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and methylmenaquinone 6 (MMK-6) as the predominant respiratory quinones. The major cellular fatty acids in the isolate were C18:1ω9c and C16:0. Based on the whole-genome sequencing analysis, strain AGMB02718T had a 2,606,253 bp circular chromosome with a G + C content of 62.2%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain AGMB02718T and M. multiformis 4NBBH2T was 72.1%, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value was 20.9%. Interestingly, genome analysis suggested that strain AGMB02718T possessed a low-toxicity lipopolysaccharide (LPS) because the genome of the isolate does not include lpxJ and lpxM genes for Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) assembly, which confers high toxicity to LPS. Moreover, in vitro macrophage stimulation assay confirmed that AGMB02718T produced LPS with low toxicity. Because the low-toxicity LPS produced by the Sutterellaceae family is involved in regulating host immunity and low-toxicity LPS-producing strains can help maintain host immune homeostasis, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of strain AGMB02718T against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a result, strain AGMB02718T was able to prevent the inflammatory response in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Therefore, this strain represents a novel species of Mesosutterella that has a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis, and the proposed name is Mesosutterella faecium sp. nov. The type strain is AGMB02718T (=GDMCC 1.2717T = KCTC 25541T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeob Yu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Seob Oh
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Woo Ryu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Bak
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Heo
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Schuster A, Nieboga E, Kantorowicz M, Lipska W, Kaczmarzyk T, Potempa J, Grabiec AM. Gingival fibroblast activation by Porphyromonas gingivalis is driven by TLR2 and is independent of the LPS-TLR4 axis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350776. [PMID: 38191758 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) are abundant structural cells of the periodontium that contribute to the host's innate immunity by producing cytokines and chemokines in response to oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Isolated lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) is commonly used to study GF responses to P. gingivalis; however, this approach produced conflicting observations regarding its proinflammatory potential and the engagement of specific Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this work, we demonstrate that commercially available Pg-LPS preparations are weak activators of GF innate immune responses compared with live P. gingivalis or other relevant virulence factors, such as P. gingivalis fimbriae or LPS from Escherichia coli. GF's nonresponsiveness to Pg-LPS can be only partly attributed to the low expression of TLR4 and its accessory molecules, CD14 and LY36, and is likely caused by the unique structure and composition of the Pg-LPS lipid A. Finally, we combined gene silencing and neutralizing antibody studies to demonstrate that GF response to infection with live P. gingivalis relies predominantly on TLR2. In contrast, the LPS-TLR4 signaling plays a negligible role in inflammatory cytokine production by GFs exposed to this oral pathogen, confirming that Pg-LPS stimulation is not an optimal model for studies of GF responses to P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureliusz Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elwira Nieboga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- Department of Periodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Lipska
- Department of Periodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kaczmarzyk
- Chair of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Diehl D, Friedmann A, Bachmann HS. Prenyltransferase gene expression reveals an essential role of prenylation for the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1450-1460. [PMID: 37432945 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenyltrasferases (PTases) are a class of enzymes known to be responsible for promoting posttranslational modification at the carboxyl terminus of proteins containing a so-called CaaX-motif. The process is responsible for proper membrane localization and the appropriate function of several intracellular signaling proteins. Current research demonstrating the pathomechanistic importance of prenylation in inflammatory illnesses emphasizes the requirement to ascertain the differential expression of PT genes under inflammatory settings, particularly in periodontal disease. METHODS Telomerase-immortalized human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-hTert) were cultured and treated with either inhibitors of prenylation (PTI) lonafarnib, tipifarnib, zoledronic acid, or atorvastatin at concentrations of 10 μM in combination with or without 10 μg Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Prenyltransferase genes FNTB, FNTA, PGGT1B, RABGGTA, RABGGTB, and PTAR1 as well as inflammatory marker genes MMP1 and IL1B were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Immunoblot and protein immunoassay were used to confirm the results on the protein level. RESULTS RT-qPCR experiments revealed significant upregulation of IL1B, MMP1, FNTA, and PGGT1B upon LPS treatment. PTase inhibitors caused significant downregulation of the inflammatory cytokine expression. Interestingly, FNTB expression was significantly upregulated in response to any PTase inhibitor in combination with LPS, but not upon LPS treatment only, indicating a vital role of protein farnesyltransferase in the proinflammatory signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS In this study, distinct PTase gene expression patterns in pro-inflammatory signaling were discovered. Moreover, PTase inhibiting drugs ameliorated inflammatory mediator expression by a significant margin, indicating that prenylation is a major pre-requisite for innate immunity in periodontal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Diehl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Anton Friedmann
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Hagen S Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Shirvani-Rad S, Khatibzade-Nasari N, Ejtahed HS, Larijani B. Exploring the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in gout pathogenesis: a systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1163778. [PMID: 37265486 PMCID: PMC10230090 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1163778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gut dysbiosis is believed to be one of the several mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of gout. This systematic review aimed to summarize the role of gut dysbiosis in gout disease and uncover the underlying mechanisms. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to October 2021. Animal studies and human observational studies, including case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies assessing the association between gut microbiota composition and gout were included. The quality of included studies has been evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale (NOS) and the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Results Initially, we found 274 studies among which 15 studies were included in this systematic review. Of them, 10 studies were conducted on humans and 5 studies were conducted on animals. Increased abundance of Alistipes and decreased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae alters purine metabolism, thereby aggravating gout condition. Moreover, a higher abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Bacteroides in gout modulates enzymatic activity in purine metabolism. Butyrate-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, prausnitzii, Oscillibacter, Butyricicoccus, and Bifidobacterium have higher abundance in healthy controls compared to gout patients, suggesting the anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-releasing bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotella, and Bacteroides, are also involved in the pathogenesis of gout disease by stimulating the innate immune system. Conclusion Exploring the role of gut dysbiosis in gout and the underlying mechanisms can help develop microbiota-modulating therapies for gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Shirvani-Rad
- Microbiota Research Group, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Qeshm International Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran
| | - Niloufar Khatibzade-Nasari
- Faculty of Medicine, Qeshm International Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Qeshm International Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Porphyromonas gingivalis-Derived Lipopolysaccharide Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation and Migration via Activating Akt Signaling Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244088. [PMID: 36552854 PMCID: PMC9777333 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is significantly associated with the risk of cancers in the lung and the digestive system. Emerging evidence shows a plausible link between periodontitis and several types of brain diseases. However, the association between periodontal infection and glioma remains unclear. In the cultured GL261 glioma cells, P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly promoted cell proliferation at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 ng/mL. It promoted cell migration at a higher concentration (100 and 1000 ng/mL). Additionally, exposure to 100 ng/mL P. gingivalis LPS induced a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α, TGF-β, MMP2, and MMP9, as well as the phosphorylation level of Akt at Ser473. These changes induced by P. gingivalis LPS were significantly antagonized by the Akt inhibitor. Furthermore, a total of 48 patients with brain tumors were enrolled to investigate their periodontal status before receiving tumor management. Poor periodontal status [probing depth (PD) ≥ 6 mm and attachment loss (AL) >5 mm] was found in 42.9% (9/21) of patients with glioma, which was significantly higher than that in patients with benign tumors and the relevant data in the 4th National Oral Health Survey in China. The glioma patients with both AL > 5 mm and PD ≥ 6 mm had a higher ki-67 labeling index than those with AL ≤ 5 mm or PD < 6 mm. These findings support the association between periodontal infection and glioma progression.
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Ishihata K, Seong CH, Kibe T, Nakazono K, Mardiyantoro F, Tada R, Nishimura M, Matsuguchi T, Nakamura N. Lipoteichoic Acid and Lipopolysaccharides Are Affected by p38 and Inflammatory Markers and Modulate Their Promoting and Inhibitory Effects on Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12633. [PMID: 36293485 PMCID: PMC9604490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are cell wall components of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Notably, oral microflora consists of a variety of bacterial species, and osteomyelitis of the jaw caused by dental infection presents with symptoms of bone resorption and osteosclerosis. However, the effects of LTA and LPS on osteogenic differentiation have not yet been clarified. We examined the effects of LTA and LPS on osteoblasts and found that LTA alone promoted alizarin red staining at low concentrations and inhibited it at high concentrations. Additionally, gene expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, OCN, and OPG) were enhanced at low concentrations of LTA. High concentrations of LPS suppressed calcification potential, and the addition of low concentrations of LTA inhibited calcification suppression, restoring the gene expression levels of suppressed bone differentiation markers (ALP, BSP, and OCN). Moreover, the suppression of p38, a signaling pathway associated with bone differentiation, had opposing effects on gene-level expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting that mixed LTA and LPS infections have opposite effects on bone differentiation through concentration gradients, involving inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) and the p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohide Ishihata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Chang-Hwan Seong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kibe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakazono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Fredy Mardiyantoro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuguchi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Norifumi Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Network pharmacology combined with GEO database identifying the mechanisms and molecular targets of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma on Peri-implants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8227. [PMID: 35581339 PMCID: PMC9114011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implants is a chronic disease leads to the bone resorption and loss of implants. Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma (PCRER), a traditional Chinese herbal has been used to treat diseases of bone metabolism. However, its mechanism of anti-bone absorption still remains unknown. We aimed to identify its molecular target and the mechanism involved in PCRER potential treatment theory to Peri-implants by network pharmacology. The active ingredients of PCRER and potential disease-related targets were retrieved from TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, SEA databases and then combined with the Peri-implants disease differential genes obtained in the GEO microarray database. The crossed genes were used to protein–protein interaction (PPI) construction and Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. Using STRING database and Cytoscape plug-in to build protein interaction network and screen the hub genes and verified through molecular docking by AutoDock vina software. A total of 13 active compounds and 90 cross targets of PCRER were selected for analysis. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the anti-Peri-implants targets of PCRER mainly play a role in the response in IL-17 signaling, Calcium signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway among others. And CytoHubba screened ten hub genes (MMP9, IL6, MPO, IL1B, SELL, IFNG, CXCL8, CXCL2, PTPRC, PECAM1). Finally, the molecular docking results indicated the good binding ability with active compounds and hub genes. PCRER’s core components are expected to be effective drugs to treat Peri-implants by anti-inflammation, promotes bone metabolism. Our study provides new thoughts into the development of natural medicine for the prevention and treatment of Peri-implants.
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Singh S, Singh AK. Porphyromonas gingivalis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review. Microbes Infect 2021; 24:104925. [PMID: 34883247 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer contributes significantly to the global cancer burden. Oral bacteria play an important role in the spread of oral cancer, according to mounting evidence. The most proven instance is the carcinogenic implications of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen in chronic periodontitis. It is imperative to understand the pathogenesis of P. gingivalis in OSCC. This review aims to gather and assess scientific shreds of evidence on the involvement of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the molecular mechanism of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India.
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Kaszuba-Zwoińska J, Novak P, Nowak B, Furgała A, Wójcik-Piotrowicz K, Piszczek P, Guzdek P, Pytko-Polończyk J. Low-frequency electromagnetic field influences human oral mucosa keratinocyte viability in response to lipopolysaccharide or minocycline treatment in cell culture conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Qiu C, Yuan Z, He Z, Chen H, Liao Y, Li S, Zhou W, Song Z. Lipopolysaccharide Preparation Derived From Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces a Weaker Immuno-Inflammatory Response in BV-2 Microglial Cells Than Escherichia coli by Differentially Activating TLR2/4-Mediated NF-κB/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:606986. [PMID: 33816329 PMCID: PMC8012810 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.606986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. In recent years, as the infectious theory and endotoxin hypothesis of AD has gained substantial attention, several studies have proposed that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the main pathogenic bacteria of chronic periodontitis, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. gingivalis may lead to AD-like pathological changes and cognition impairment. However, research on the relationship between P. gingivalis-LPS and neuroinflammation is still lacking. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of P. gingivalis-LPS preparation on immuno-inflammation in microglial cells and further compared the differential inflammatory response induced by P. gingivalis-LPS and Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS preparations. The results showed that P. gingivalis-LPS could upregulate the gene expression and release of pro-inflammatory factors in BV-2 microglial cells, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23. We also observed an increase in the level of Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) and NF-κB/STAT3 signaling. Moreover, the changes mentioned above were more significant in the E. coli-LPS group and the effects of both kinds of LPS could be differentially reversed by the administration of the TLR2 inhibitor C29 and TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. The molecular simulation showed that the binding affinity of P. gingivalis-lipid A to TLR4-MD-2 was weaker than E. coli-lipid A, which was probably due to the presence of fewer acyl chains and phosphate groups of P. gingivalis-lipid A than E. coli-lipid A. We conclude that P. gingivalis-LPS could activate TLR2/4-mediated NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathways, which ultimately resulted in an immune-inflammatory response in BV-2 microglia. In contrast to E. coli-LPS, P. gingivalis-LPS is a weaker TLR2/4 agonist and NF-κB/STAT3 signaling activator. Furthermore, the different fatty acid chains and phosphate groups between P. gingivalis-lipid A and E. coli-lipid A may be the reason for the weaker activating properties of P. gingivalis-LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan He
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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12
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Sun M, Ji Y, Li Z, Chen R, Zhou S, Liu C, Du M. Ginsenoside Rb3 Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines via MAPK/AKT/NF-κB Pathways and Attenuates Rat Alveolar Bone Resorption in Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204815. [PMID: 33092290 PMCID: PMC7588009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional treatments for chronic periodontitis are less effective in controlling inflammation and often relapse. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an immunomodulatory medication as an adjuvant. Ginsenoside Rb3 (Rb3), one of the most abundant active components of ginseng, has been found to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we detected the anti-inflammatory effect of Rb3 on Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells and experimental periodontitis rats for the first time. We found that the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was remarkably downregulated by Rb3 treatment in a dose-dependent manner at both transcriptional and translational levels. Network pharmacological analysis of Rb3 showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway had the highest richness and that p38, JNK, and ERK molecules were potential targets of Rb3 in humans. Western blot analysis revealed that Rb3 significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB, as well as decreased the expression of total AKT. In experimental periodontitis rat models, reductions in alveolar bone resorption and osteoclast generation were observed in the Rb3 treatment group. Thus, we can conclude that Rb3 ameliorated Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the MAPK/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways and attenuated alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis rats.
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Miller DP, Scott DA. Inherently and Conditionally Essential Protein Catabolism Genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:54-64. [PMID: 33071035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are critical virulence determinants of Porphyromonas gingivalis, an emerging Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and arthritis pathogen and established agent of periodontitis. Transposon sequencing has been employed to define the core essential genome of this bacterium and genes conditionally essential in multiple environments - abscess formation; epithelial colonization; and cigarette smoke toxin exposure; as well as to elucidate genes required for iron acquisition and a functional type 9 secretion system. Validated and predicted protein catabolism genes identified include a combination of established virulence factors and a larger set of seemingly more mundane proteolytic genes. The functions and relevance of genes that share essentiality in multiple disease-relevant conditions are examined. These common stress-related genes may represent particularly attractive therapeutic targets for the control of P. gingivalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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14
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Chopra A, Bhat SG, Sivaraman K. Porphyromonas gingivalis adopts intricate and unique molecular mechanisms to survive and persist within the host: a critical update. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1801090. [PMID: 32944155 PMCID: PMC7482874 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
is an obligate, asaccharolytic, gram-negative bacteria commonly associated with increased periodontal and systemic inflammation. P. gingivalis is known to survive and persist within the host tissues as it modulates the entire ecosystem by either engineering its environment or modifying the host's immune response. It interacts with various host receptors and alters signaling pathways of inflammation, complement system, cell cycle, and apoptosis. P. gingivalis is even known to induce suicidal cell death of the host and other microbes in its vicinity with the emergence of pathobiont species. Recently, new molecular and immunological mechanisms and virulence factors of P. gingivalis that increase its chance of survival and immune evasion within the host have been discovered. Thus, the present paper aims to provide a consolidated update on the new intricate and unique molecular mechanisms and virulence factors of P. gingivalis associated with its survival, persistence, and immune evasion within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subraya G. Bhat
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdul Rahman Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Karthik Sivaraman
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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15
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Response of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Periodontal Tissue to LPS Depends on the Purity but Not on the LPS Source. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8704896. [PMID: 32714091 PMCID: PMC7352132 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8704896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stromal cells (hGMSCs) are resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of the periodontal tissue. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis is structurally distinct from that of other Gram-negative bacteria, and earlier studies linked this structural difference to a distinct virulence activity and the ability to activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), besides TLR-4 as commonly occurring upon LPS challenge. Later studies, in contrast, argue that TLR-2 activation by P. gingivalis LPS is due to lipoprotein contamination. In the present study, we aimed to define the influence of structure versus purity of P. gingivalis LPS on the immune response of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs. Cells were stimulated with commercially available "standard" P. gingivalis LPS, "ultrapure" P. gingivalis LPS, or "ultrapure" Escherichia coli LPS, and the expression of interleukin- (IL-) 8, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP-) 1, TLR-2, and TLR-4 was evaluated. The contribution of TLR-4 to the LPS-induced response was assessed using the specific TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242. "Standard" P. gingivalis LPS induced significantly higher IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 production compared to the "ultrapure" LPS preparations, with no significant difference detectable for "ultrapure" LPS from P. gingivalis and E. coli. By using TAK-242, the response of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs to "ultrapure" LPS preparations was effectively inhibited to the levels comparable to those of nonstimulated controls. In contrast, high levels of response to "standard" LPS were observed, even in the presence of TAK-242. Our data show that the response of MSCs from periodontal tissue to LPS depends more on the purity of the LPS preparation than on the LPS source. Even a small amount of contaminating lipoproteins can drastically enhance the hPDLSCs' and hGMSCs; responsiveness to P. gingivalis LPS, which might also contribute to the progression of periodontal disease.
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16
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Xu W, Zhou W, Wang H, Liang S. Roles of Porphyromonas gingivalis and its virulence factors in periodontitis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 120:45-84. [PMID: 32085888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease, which is characterized by gingival inflammation and bone loss. Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and reproductive system related abnormalities. Recent theory attributes the pathogenesis of periodontitis to oral microbial dysbiosis, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis acts as a critical agent by disrupting host immune homeostasis. Lipopolysaccharide, proteases, fimbriae, and some other virulence factors are among the strategies exploited by P. gingivalis to promote the bacterial colonization and facilitate the outgrowth of the surrounding microbial community. Virulence factors promote the coaggregation of P. gingivalis with other bacteria and the formation of dental biofilm. These virulence factors also modulate a variety of host immune components and subvert the immune response to evade bacterial clearance or induce an inflammatory environment. In this chapter, our focus is to discuss the virulence factors of periodontal pathogens, especially P. gingivalis, and their roles in regulating immune responses during periodontitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, Pudong, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
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17
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Li H, Li W, Wang Q. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production through aryl hydrocarbon receptor/nuclear factor-κB signaling in oral epithelial cells. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:236. [PMID: 31684930 PMCID: PMC6829944 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antiinflammatory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) has been reported in periodontitis, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Oral epithelial cells are recently highlighted as an important regulator of inflammation in this disease. This in vitro study was established to investigate the effect of 1,25D3 on key proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 production and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in oral epithelial cells upon the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from periodontal pathogens. Methods OKF6/TERT-2 oral keratinocytes were incubated with LPS and different concentrations of 1,25D3, and levels of IL-6 production were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), and activation of AhR was examined using western blot analysis, and phosphorylation of NF-κB was detected using cell-based protein phosphorylation ELISA. Results 1,25D3 inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 overexpression in OKF6/TERT-2 cells. Additionally, 1,25D3 increased VDR expression and AhR activation, and repressed NF-κB phosphorylation. Furthermore, 1,25D3 suppressed IL-6 expression and enhanced VDR expression and regulated AhR/NF-κB signaling activation in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h treatment. Conclusions These results suggest that 1,25D3 may inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 overexpression in human oral epithelial cells through AhR/NF-κB signaling. Our findings may provide an explanation for the antiinflammatory effect and therapeutic benefit of 1,25D3 in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 24876 Taylor Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
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18
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Li H, Chen Z, Zhong X, Li J, Li W. Mangiferin alleviates experimental peri-implantitis via suppressing interleukin-6 production and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:325. [PMID: 31623650 PMCID: PMC6798411 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2) signaling and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines are considered to be important in the progression of peri-implantitis. A natural medicine, mangiferin has exhibited modulatory effect on TLR2 signaling and anti-inflammatory effects on different diseases. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of mangiferin on peri-implantitis and the potential mechanisms by administering this drug to an experimental peri-implantitis mouse model. METHODS Maxillary left first, second, and third molars of mice were extracted, and dental implants were placed in the region of the maxillary left second molars. Then, peri-implantitis was induced by tying ligatures around implants, and mangiferin was given orally to the mice. After 6-week mangiferin treatment, bone loss around the implants was detected using micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT). Alveolar bone and inflammatory infiltrate in peri-implant tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Production of interleukin-6 (IL6), a TLR2 downstream proinflammatory cytokine, in the tissue surrounding implants was measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. IL6 protein expression and TLR2 signaling pathway activation in peri-implant tissues were detected using western blot analysis. RESULTS Micro-CT demonstrated reduced bone loss in peri-implantitis upon mangiferin administration. Additionally, H&E staining showed more alveolar bone and less inflammatory infiltrate in peri-implant tissues after mangiferin application. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated lower levels of IL6 gene expression, and western blot analysis showed decreased protein expression of IL6 and TLR2, and suppressed phosphorylation of TLR2 downstream nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase after mangiferin treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the suppressive effect of mangiferin on bone damage and inflammatory infiltrate in peri-implantitis. These therapeutic effects may be associated with inhibited IL6 production and reduced TLR2 signaling activation in peri-implant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, 02142, USA. .,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, 02115, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Zhong
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaquan Li
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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19
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Jia L, Han N, Du J, Guo L, Luo Z, Liu Y. Pathogenesis of Important Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis via Toll-Like Receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:262. [PMID: 31380305 PMCID: PMC6657652 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common intraoral infection and is inextricably linked to systemic diseases. Recently, the regulation between host immunologic response and periodontal pathogens has become a hotspot to explain the mechanism of periodontitis and related systemic diseases. Since Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was proved as critical periodontal pathogen above all, researches focusing on the mechanism of its virulence factors have received extensive attention. Studies have shown that in the development of periodontitis, in addition to the direct release of virulent factors by periodontal pathogens to destroy periodontal tissues, over-low or over-high intrinsic immune and inflammatory response mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can lead to more lasting destruction of periodontal tissues. It is very necessary to sort out how various cytopathic factors of P. gingivalis mediate inflammation and immune responses between the host through TLRs so as to help precisely prevent, diagnose, and treat periodontitis in clinic. This review summarizes the role of three most widely studied pathogenic factors produced by P. gingivalis (lipopolysaccharide, gingipains, pili) and their interactions with TLRs at the cellular and molecular level in the progress of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Huang J, Xiong T, Zhang Z, Tan Y, Guo L. Inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated High mobility group protein B1 and Interleukin-6 synthesis in human gingival fibroblasts through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 105:81-87. [PMID: 31288145 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the effect of a specific inhibitor of the receptor for advanced glycation (FPS-ZM1) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in expressions of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Furthermore, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms and assessed the involvement of the NF-κB pathway in mediating the changes in the expressions of HMGB1 and IL-6 expression in response to LPS and FPS-ZM1. METHODS HGFs were cultured with enzymatic digestion-tissue explants method. The proliferation of LPS-stimulated HGFs pretreated with FPS-ZM1 at 24, 48, and 72 h was determined by cell counting kit 8 assay. The expressions of HMGB1 and IL-6 were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expressions of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and NF-κB. RESULTS LPS enhanced the protein expression of RAGE in HGFs. At the same time, LPS stimulated mRNA and protein expressions of HMGB1 and IL-6 in HGFs. However, pretreatment with FPS-ZM1 attenuated these effects. Pretreatment with FPS-ZM1 (250, 500 nM) significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NF-κB activity. CONCLUSION FPS-ZM1 down-regulated the LPS-induced HMGB1 and IL-6 expression in HGFs through blocking NF-κB activation. FPS-ZM1 is a promising therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases caused by oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Huang
- Department of prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, SiChuan, China.
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, SiChuan, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, SiChuan, China.
| | - Yujie Tan
- Department of prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, SiChuan, China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, SiChuan, China.
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21
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Role of Dietary Lipids in Modulating Inflammation through the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010117. [PMID: 30626117 PMCID: PMC6357048 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and its resolution is a tenuous balance that is under constant contest. Though several regulatory mechanisms are employed to maintain homeostasis, disruptions in the regulation of inflammation can lead to detrimental effects for the host. Of note, the gut and microbial dysbiosis are implicated in the pathology of systemic chronic low-grade inflammation which has been linked to several metabolic diseases. What remains to be described is the extent to which dietary fat and concomitant changes in the gut microbiota contribute to, or arise from, the onset of metabolic disorders. The present review will highlight the role of microorganisms in host energy regulation and several mechanisms that contribute to inflammatory pathways. This review will also discuss the immunomodulatory effects of the endocannabinoid system and its link with the gut microbiota. Finally, a brief discussion arguing for improved taxonomic resolution (at the species and strain level) is needed to deepen our current knowledge of the microbiota and host inflammatory state.
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22
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Elmanfi S, Zhou J, Sintim HO, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Gürsoy UK. Regulation of gingival epithelial cytokine response by bacterial cyclic dinucleotides. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 11:1538927. [PMID: 30598733 PMCID: PMC6263105 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1538927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic dinucleotides (cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP)) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Individual impacts of PAMPs on immune system have been evaluated, but simultaneous actions of multiple PAMPs have not been studied. OBJECTIVE Examination the effects of cyclic dinucleotides and Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS on gingival epithelial cytokine response. METHODS Human gingival keratinocytes (HMK) were incubated with 1, 10, and 100 µM concentrations of c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, either in the presence or absence of P. gingivalis LPS. Intra- and extracellular levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-1Ra, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were measured using the Luminex technique. RESULTS LPS decreased extracellular IL-8 levels, while the presence of c-di-AMP inhibited this effect. Incubating HMK cells with c-di-AMP (alone or with LPS) elevated the extracellular level of MCP-1. Extracellular VEGF level increased when cells were incubated with LPS and c-di-GMP together, or with c-di-AMP alone. LPS and c-di-AMP suppressed intracellular IL-1β levels. The c-di-AMP elevated intracellular levels of IL-1Ra. CONCLUSION c-di-AMP and, to a lesser extent, c-di-GMP regulate keratinocyte cytokine response, either as an aggregator or as a suppressor of LPS, depending on the cytokine type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Yu X, Quan J, Long W, Chen H, Wang R, Guo J, Lin X, Mai S. LL-37 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation and stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via P2X7 receptor and MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:178-187. [PMID: 30287143 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as periapical periodontitis and periodontitis, are characterized by inflammation-induced bone loss. LL-37, a human antimicrobial peptide (AMP), has multiple biological functions and the potential to promote osteogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of LL-37 within normal and inflammatory microenvironments. The roles of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were also demonstrated. The results showed that LL-37 promoted bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. LL-37 inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) at both protein and gene levels, and attenuated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inhibition of osteogenesis. Immunofluorescence (IF) confirmed P2X7R expression in BMSCs. BBG, a P2X7R antagonist, significantly attenuated LL-37-promoted osteogenesis. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) increased after LL-37 stimulation, which did not affect p38 phosphorylation. The effects of LL-37 on osteogenesis-related gene expression were markedly attenuated by selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 and JNK. Furthermore, a mouse model of LPS-stimulated calvarial osteolysis was established, and results showed that LL-37 markedly inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption. In conclusion, we speculate that LL-37 inhibits inflammation and promotes BMSC osteogenesis via P2X7R and MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Yu
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weilin Long
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruoxun Wang
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sui Mai
- Department of Conservation Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Molteni M, Bosi A, Rossetti C. The Effect of Cyanobacterial LPS Antagonist (CyP) on Cytokines and Micro-RNA Expression Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070290. [PMID: 30012943 PMCID: PMC6071223 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS) is a key bacterial structure involved in the maintenance of a chronic pro-inflammatory environment during periodontitis. Similar to other gram-negative LPS, Pg-LPS induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through interaction with Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and is able to stimulate negative TLR4 regulatory pathways, such as those involving microRNA (miRNA). In this work, we employed CyP, an LPS with TLR4-MD2 antagonist activity obtained from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria planktothrix FP1, to study the effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and miRNA expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells stimulated with Pg-LPS or E. coli LPS (Ec-LPS). Results showed that CyP inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 expression more efficiently when co-incubated with Pg-LPS rather than with Ec-LPS. The inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production was maintained even when CyP was added 2 h after LPS. The analysis of the effects of CyP on miRNA expression showed that, although being an antagonist, CyP did not inhibit miR-146a induced by Pg-LPS or Ec-LPS, whereas it significantly inhibited miR-155 only in the cultures stimulated with Ec-LPS. These results suggest that CyP may modulate the pro-inflammatory response induced by Pg-LPS, not only by blocking TLR4-MD2 complex, but also by preserving miR-146a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Molteni
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Carlo Rossetti
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy.
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Olsen I, Singhrao SK, Potempa J. Citrullination as a plausible link to periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1487742. [PMID: 29963294 PMCID: PMC6022223 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1487742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atherosclerosis (AS), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are examples of complex human diseases with chronic inflammatory components in their etiologies. The initial trigger of inflammation that progresses to these diseases remains unresolved. Porphyromonas gingivalis is unique in its ability to secrete the P. gingivalis-derived peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD) and consequently offers a plausible and exclusive link to these diseases through enzymatic conversion of arginine to citrulline. Citrullination is a post-translational enzymatic modification of arginine residues in proteins formed as part of normal physiological processes. However, PPAD has the potential to modify self (bacterial) and host proteins by deimination of arginine amino acid residues, preferentially at the C-terminus. Migration of P. gingivalis and/or its secreted PPAD into the bloodstream opens up the possibility that this enzyme will citrullinate proteins at disparate body sites. Citrullination is associated with the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases such as RA and AD, which have an elusive external perpetrator as they show epidemiological associations with periodontitis. Therefore, PPAD deserves some prominence as an external antigen, in at least, a subset of RA and AD cases, with as yet unidentified, immune/genetic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Jan Potempa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
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De Colli M, Tortorella P, Agamennone M, Campestre C, Loiodice F, Cataldi A, Zara S. Bisphosfonate matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for the treatment of periodontitis: An in vitro study. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:651-657. [PMID: 29717767 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by anaerobic bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated persistent inflammation is responsible for an increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of the present study was to investigate synthesized bisphosphonic MMP inhibitors, in an in vitro model consisting of human gingival fibroblasts exposed to LPS, and to compare the biological responses to those induced by zoledronate (ZA), a commercial bisphosphonate. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to measure cell viability and cytotoxicity, respectively. ELISA was performed to evaluate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)6 and collagen secretion, while western blotting was used to analyze MMP expression. No effect on viability and low cytotoxicity were observed following treatment with bisphosphonate compounds. In the present study, treatment with compound 1 did not increase the release of PGE2 and IL6. Increased levels of collagen I secretion were reported when compound 3 and ZA were administered. An increase of MMP8 was observed following ZA treatment, while a decrease of MMP9 and MMP14 following treatment with compounds 1, 2 and ZA were reported. The performance of compound 1 was optimal in terms of cell viability. Compound 1 also did not induce inflammation, and had the ability to counteract LPS‑induced increases in MMP expression. These data suggested that compound 1 was the most suitable treatment to progress to an in vivo animal study, with the aim to confirm its use for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna De Colli
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Department of Pharmacy‑Pharmaceutical Science, University 'A. Moro' Bari, I‑70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Agamennone
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy‑Pharmaceutical Science, University 'A. Moro' Bari, I‑70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
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Olsen I, Singhrao SK. Importance of heterogeneity in Porhyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide lipid A in tissue specific inflammatory signalling. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1440128. [PMID: 29503705 PMCID: PMC5827638 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1440128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis exists in at least two known forms, O-LPS and A-LPS. A-LPS shows heterogeneity in which two isoforms designated LPS1,435/1,449 and LPS1,690 appear responsible for tissue-specific immune signalling pathways activation and increased virulence. The modification of lipid A to tetra-acylated1,435/1,449 and/or penta-acylated1,690 fatty acids indicates poor growth conditions and bioavailability of hemin. Hemin protects P. gingivalis from serum resistance and the lipid A serves as a site for its binding. The LPS1,435/1,449 and LPS1,690 isoforms can produce opposite effects on the human Toll-like receptors (TLR) TLR2 and TLR4 activation. This enables P. gingivalis to select the conditions for its entry, survival, and that of its co-habiting species in the host, orchestrating its virulence to control innate immune pathway activation and biofilm dysbiosis. This review describes a number of effects that LPS1,435/1,449 and LPS1,690 can exert on the host tissues such as deregulation of the innate immune system, subversion of host cell autophagy, regulation of outer membrane vesicle production, and adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. The ability to change its LPS1,435/1,449 and/or LPS1,690 composition may enable P. gingivalis to paralyze local pro-inflammatory cytokine production, thereby gaining access to its primary location in periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sim K. Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Zamyatina A. Aminosugar-based immunomodulator lipid A: synthetic approaches. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:25-53. [PMID: 29379577 PMCID: PMC5769089 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immediate immune response to infection by Gram-negative bacteria depends on the structure of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also known as endotoxin), a complex glycolipid constituting the outer leaflet of the bacterial outer membrane. Recognition of picomolar quantities of pathogenic LPS by the germ-line encoded Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) complex triggers the intracellular pro-inflammatory signaling cascade leading to the expression of cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins and reactive oxygen species which manifest an acute inflammatory response to infection. The "endotoxic principle" of LPS resides in its amphiphilic membrane-bound fragment glycophospholipid lipid A which directly binds to the TLR4·MD-2 receptor complex. The lipid A content of LPS comprises a complex mixture of structural homologs varying in the acylation pattern, the length of the (R)-3-hydroxyacyl- and (R)-3-acyloxyacyl long-chain residues and in the phosphorylation status of the β(1→6)-linked diglucosamine backbone. The structural heterogeneity of the lipid A isolates obtained from bacterial cultures as well as possible contamination with other pro-inflammatory bacterial components makes it difficult to obtain unambiguous immunobiological data correlating specific structural features of lipid A with its endotoxic activity. Advanced understanding of the therapeutic significance of the TLR4-mediated modulation of the innate immune signaling and the central role of lipid A in the recognition of LPS by the innate immune system has led to a demand for well-defined materials for biological studies. Since effective synthetic chemistry is a prerequisite for the availability of homogeneous structurally distinct lipid A, the development of divergent and reproducible approaches for the synthesis of various types of lipid A has become a subject of considerable importance. This review focuses on recent advances in synthetic methodologies toward LPS substructures comprising lipid A and describes the synthesis and immunobiological properties of representative lipid A variants corresponding to different bacterial species. The main criteria for the choice of orthogonal protecting groups for hydroxyl and amino functions of synthetically assembled β(1→6)-linked diglucosamine backbone of lipid A which allows for a stepwise introduction of multiple functional groups into the molecule are discussed. Thorough consideration is also given to the synthesis of 1,1'-glycosyl phosphodiesters comprising partial structures of 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose modified Burkholderia lipid A and galactosamine-modified Francisella lipid A. Particular emphasis is put on the stereoselective construction of binary glycosyl phosphodiester fragments connecting the anomeric centers of two aminosugars as well as on the advanced P(III)-phosphorus chemistry behind the assembly of zwitterionic double glycosyl phosphodiesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zamyatina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Cheng R, Liu W, Zhang R, Feng Y, Bhowmick NA, Hu T. Porphyromonas gingivalis-Derived Lipopolysaccharide Combines Hypoxia to Induce Caspase-1 Activation in Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:474. [PMID: 29184853 PMCID: PMC5694474 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is defined as inflammation affecting the supporting tissue of teeth. Periodontal pathogens initiate the disease and induce inflammatory host response. Hypoxia may accelerate the process by producing pro-inflammatory factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS in inducing caspase-1 activation in normoxic or hypoxic phases. The results showed that healthy gingiva was in a normoxic phase (HIF-1α negative). However, hypoxia appeared in periodontitis, in which NLRP3, cleaved-caspase-1, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and caspase-1-induced cell death was enhanced in periodontitis specimens. The in vitro experiment showed that P. gingivalis LPS slightly decreased the level of NLRP3 and IL-1β in gingival fibroblasts under normoxia. Surprisingly, hypoxia reversed the effects of P. gingivalis LPS, highly promoted caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. E. coli LPS, a kind of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) was chosen to simulate the effect of Gram-negative microbiota. Different from P. gingivalis LPS, E. coli LPS enhanced IL-1β maturation both in normoxia and hypoxia. Moreover, E. coli LPS turned normoxia into hypoxia phase in experimental periodontitis model, which may subsequently propel the inflammatory effect of P. gingivalis LPS. It was concluded that E. coli LPS induced a hypoxic phase, which is a combing pathological factor of P. gingivalis LPS in caspase-1 activating and IL-1β maturation in periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ringeisen H, Pöschke A, Krähling B, Schröck C, Stoll M, Vogelsberg J, Failing K, Staszyk C. Influence of dental materials on cells of the equine periodontium. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:363-369. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ringeisen
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - A. Pöschke
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - B. Krähling
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - C. Schröck
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - M. Stoll
- Equine Dental Clinic Manfred Stoll; Hohenstein Germany
| | - J. Vogelsberg
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - K. Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - C. Staszyk
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen Germany
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Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Thompson K, Peyyala R, Al-Attar A, Lethbridge K, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:52-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li M, Zhang C, Jin L, Matsuo K, Yang Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide regulates ephrin/Eph signalling in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:913-921. [PMID: 28590061 PMCID: PMC5600103 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective EphrinA2‐EphA2 and ephrinB2‐EphB4 critically engage in bidirectional signalling to modulate alveolar bone remodelling. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis on ephrin/Eph signalling in periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). Material and Methods The primary cultured PDLFs were incubated in the absence (as a control) or presence of P. gingivalisLPS at 0.001‐10 μg/mL for 24 hours. The PDLFs were then stimulated with P. gingivalisLPS at the optimal concentration (0.1 μg/mL) for different periods (6‐48 hours). The expression of ephrinA2, ephrinB2, EphA2 and EphB4 was assessed by quantitative reverse‐transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The osteoblastic markers alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and the osteoclastogenesis‐related factors receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin were also evaluated. Results The ephrinA2 and EphA2 expression was upregulated and EphB4 expression was downregulated by stimulation of P. gingivalisLPS. EphrinA2 mRNA expression in the PDLFs was significantly upregulated from 12 to 48 hours (P<.05), whereas EphA2 exhibited no change for the first 24 hours, after which there was a significant increase at 48 hours (P<.05). EphB4 exhibited lower mRNA expression at 12 and 24 hours than did the control (P<.05), but the change was insignificant at 48 hours. In contrast, the expression of ephrinB2 remained unchanged. The expressions of ephrinA2, EphA2, ephrinB2 and EphB4 at the protein level showed a similar pattern to that at the mRNA level. The expression of Runx2 and osteocalcin significantly decreased, whereas that of RANKL/osteoprotegerin increased. Conclusion The present study suggest that P. gingivalisLPS would contribute to a dysregulation of bone remodelling, whereby ephrinA2/EphA2 expression is stimulated and EphB4 expression is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K Matsuo
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Le Sage F, Meilhac O, Gonthier MP. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces pro-inflammatory adipokine secretion and oxidative stress by regulating Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling pathways and redox enzymes in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 446:102-110. [PMID: 28216438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota LPS contributes to obesity-related chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, promoting insulin resistance. Periodontal disease also represents a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and is associated with obesity. This study compared the effect of LPS from P. gingivalis periodontopathogen and E. coli enterobacteria on inflammatory adipokine secretion and redox status of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that both LPS activated TLR2- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways involving MyD88 adaptor and NFκB transcription factor, leading to an increased secretion of leptin, resistin, IL-6 and MCP-1. These effects were partly blocked by inhibitors targeting p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. Moreover, P. gingivalis LPS reduced adiponectin secretion. Both LPS also enhanced ROS production and the expression of NOX2, NOX4 and iNOS genes. P. gingivalis LPS altered catalase gene expression. Collectively, these results showed that LPS of periodontal bacteria induced pro-inflammatory adipokine secretory profile and oxidative stress in adipocytes which may participate to obesity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Le Sage
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, F-97400, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France.
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Ding PH, Darveau RP, Wang CY, Jin L. 3LPS-binding protein and its interactions with P. gingivalis LPS modulate pro-inflammatory response and Toll-like receptor signaling in human oral keratinocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173223. [PMID: 28384159 PMCID: PMC5383028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) as an acute-phase protein plays a crucial role in innate host response to bacterial challenge. Our previous study shows that LBP expression in human gingiva is associated with periodontal status. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periodontopathogen, and its LPS with lipid A structural heterogeneity critically accounts for periodontal pathogenesis. This study investigated the effects of LBP and its interactions with two featured isoforms of P. gingivalis LPS (tetra-acylated LPS1435/1449 and penta-acylated LPS1690) on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs), and the involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. HOKs were pre-incubated with recombinant human LBP (rhLBP) at 10ng/ml, 100ng/ml and 1μg/ml for 1 h, followed by the treatment of P. gingivalis LPS1690 or LPS1435/1449 for 3h or 24h respectively. The expression of IL-6 and IL-8, and involvements of TLR2 and TLR4 were analyzed. The genes associated with TLR signaling were assessed by PCR array. Interestingly, rhLBP per se significantly up-regulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in HOKs (p<0.05), which was blocked by TLR2 antibody (p<0.001). LPS1435/1449 down-regulated more significantly rhLBP-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNAs with reference to P. gingivalis LPS1690 (approximately 80% vs. 40%, p<0.05; and 90% vs. 36%, p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, rhLBP markedly down-regulated the gene expression of TLRs and their adaptors such as CD180 (-2.44 folds) and MD-1 (-9.62 folds), while the interaction of P. gingivalis LPS1435/1449 with rhLBP greatly up-regulated both transcripts (7.11 and 4.05 folds, respectively). Notably, P. gingivalis LPS1690-rhLBP interaction dramatically up-regulated CD180 transcript (20.86 folds) and significantly down-regulated MD-1 transcript (-6.93 folds). This pioneering study shows that rhLBP enables to enhance the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HOKs through TLR2 signaling pathway. P. gingivalis LPS with different lipid A structures down-regulates to different extents rhLBP-induced cytokine expression, possibly through fine-tuning of the CD180-MD1 complex and relevant TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hui Ding
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Discipline of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard P. Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, D-570 Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Department of Oral Biology & Medicine, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, CHS, Room 33–030, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Lijian Jin
- Discipline of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Seubbuk S, Sritanaudomchai H, Kasetsuwan J, Surarit R. High glucose promotes the osteogenic differentiation capability of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2788-2794. [PMID: 28447734 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) are important cells, which are involved in maintaining tooth integrity. Diabetes has been found to be associated with periodontal disease in a bidirectional manner. The aim of the present study was to investigate the stemness properties of human PDLFs (HPDLFs) in high glucose conditions. HPDLFs were analyzed for their osteogenic differentiation capacity by inducing the cells with osteogenic medium in various glucose concentrations. The gene expression was then examined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and examinations of alkaline phosphatase activity and nodule formation were performed. The results of the gene expression analysis revealed that high glucose media induced the expression of NANOG, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, (sex determining region Y)‑box 2, cluster of differentiation 166 (CD166), PERIOSTIN and β‑CATENIN following culture of the cells for 3 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased following 14 days in the high glucose condition. In addition, higher numbers of calcified nodules were formed on day 28 in the group cultured with high glucose. The results showed that high glucose induced bone formation by elevating the expression of stem cell markers, particularly CD166, and this induction may be regulated through β-CATENIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujiwan Seubbuk
- Molecular Medicine Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Hathaitip Sritanaudomchai
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Julalux Kasetsuwan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchthewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Palm E, Demirel I, Bengtsson T, Khalaf H. The role of toll-like and protease-activated receptors and associated intracellular signaling in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected gingival fibroblasts. APMIS 2017; 125:157-169. [PMID: 28120492 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is considered a keystone agent in periodontitis, has evolved elaborate mechanisms to grow and survive in a hostile milieu. The gingival fibroblast is the major cell type in the gingiva and is considered to be important in the periodontitis-associated inflammation. As a part of the innate immune response, they produce cytokines such as CXCL8 and interleukin (IL)-6 which are believed to contribute to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. This study investigates how the expression of protease-activated receptors (PAR1, PAR2) and toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4) changes with P. gingivalis exposure and how silencing of one receptor affects the expression of the other receptors. The importance of protein kinase C (PKC) and p38 in the regulation of CXCL8 and IL-6 was also examined. Receptors were knockdown with small-interfering RNA. PKC or p38 was blocked prior to stimulation with P. gingivalis. Fibroblasts were able to compensate for PAR1 knockdown with increased expression of PAR2. PKC and p38 were involved in the regulation of P. gingivalis-induced CXCL8 and IL-6. Our results indicate that PAR1 and PAR2 could be implicated in periodontitis and that PKC and P38 play a role in the inflammatory response in P. gingivalis-infected gingival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonor Palm
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Isak Demirel
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Bengtsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hazem Khalaf
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Bozkurt SB, Hakki SS, Hakki EE, Durak Y, Kantarci A. Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Induces a Pro-inflammatory Human Gingival Fibroblast Phenotype. Inflammation 2016; 40:144-153. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hiippala K, Kainulainen V, Kalliomäki M, Arkkila P, Satokari R. Mucosal Prevalence and Interactions with the Epithelium Indicate Commensalism of Sutterella spp. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1706. [PMID: 27833600 PMCID: PMC5080374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sutterella species have been frequently associated with human diseases, such as autism, Down syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the impact of these bacteria on health still remains unclear. Especially the interactions of Sutterella spp. with the host are largely unknown, despite of the species being highly prevalent. In this study, we addressed the interaction of three known species of Sutterella with the intestinal epithelium and examined their adhesion properties, the effect on intestinal barrier function and the pro-inflammatory capacity in vitro. We also studied the relative abundance and prevalence of the genus Sutterella and Sutterella wadsworthensis in intestinal biopsies of healthy individuals and patients with celiac disease (CeD) or IBD. Our results show that Sutterella spp. are abundant in the duodenum of healthy adults with a decreasing gradient toward the colon. No difference was detected in the prevalence of Sutterella between the pediatric IBD or CeD patients and the healthy controls. Sutterella parvirubra adhered better than the two other Sutterella spp. to differentiated Caco-2 cells and was capable of decreasing the adherence of S. wadsworthensis, which preferably bound to mucus and human extracellular matrix proteins. Furthermore, only S. wadsworthensis induced an interleukin-8 production in enterocytes, which could be due to different lipopolysaccharide structures between the species. However, its pro-inflammatory activity was modest as compared to non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. Sutterella spp. had no effect on the enterocyte monolayer integrity in vitro. Our findings indicate that the members of genus Sutterella are widely prevalent commensals with mild pro-inflammatory capacity in the human gastrointestinal tract and do not contribute significantly to the disrupted epithelial homeostasis associated with microbiota dysbiosis and increase of Proteobacteria. The ability of Sutterella spp. to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells indicate that they may have an immunomodulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Hiippala
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veera Kainulainen
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Kalliomäki
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Central Hospital and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Perttu Arkkila
- Department of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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Innate Immune Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Periodontopathogens. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8905365. [PMID: 27642305 PMCID: PMC5014959 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8905365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves complex interplay of bacteria and host immune response resulting in destruction of supporting tissues of the tooth. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in recognizing microbial pathogens and eliciting an innate immune response. Recently, the potential application of multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in periodontal regenerative therapy has been proposed. However, little is known about the impact of periodontopathogens on hESC-derived progenies. This study investigates the effects of heat-killed periodontopathogens, namely, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, on TLR and cytokine expression profile of hESC-derived progenies, namely, fibroblasts (hESC-Fib) and mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). Additionally, the serotype-dependent effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans on hESC-derived progenies was explored. Both hESC-Fib and hESC-MSCs constitutively expressed TLR-2 and TLR-4. hESC-Fib upon exposure to periodontopathogens displayed upregulation of TLRs and release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). In contrast, hESC-MSCs were largely nonresponsive to bacterial challenge, especially in terms of cytokine production. Further, exposure of hESC-Fib to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c was associated with higher IL-8 production than serotype b. In contrast, the hESC-MSCs displayed no serotype-dependent response. Differential response of the two hESC progenies implies a phenotype-dependent response to periodontopathogens and supports the concept of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs.
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Herath TDK, Darveau RP, Seneviratne CJ, Wang CY, Wang Y, Jin L. Heterogeneous Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS modulates immuno-inflammatory response, antioxidant defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in human gingival fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29829. [PMID: 27538450 PMCID: PMC4990928 DOI: 10.1038/srep29829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal (gum) disease is a highly prevalent infection and inflammation accounting for the majority of tooth loss in adult population worldwide. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periodontal pathogen and its lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) acts as a major virulence attribute to the disease. Herein, we deciphered the overall host response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to two featured isoforms of tetra-acylated PgLPS1435/1449 and penta-acylated PgLPS1690 with reference to E. coli LPS through quantitative proteomics. This study unraveled differentially expressed novel biomarkers of immuno-inflammatory response, antioxidant defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in HGFs. PgLPS1690 greatly upregulated inflammatory proteins (e.g. cyclophilin, inducible nitric oxide synthase, annexins, galectin, cathepsins and heat shock proteins), whereas the anti-inflammatory proteins (e.g. Annexin A2 and Annexin A6) were significantly upregulated by PgLPS1435/1449. Interestingly, the antioxidants proteins such as mitochondrial manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin 5 were only upregulated by PgLPS1690. The cytoskeletal rearrangement-related proteins like myosin were differentially regulated by these PgLPS isoforms. The present study gives new insight into the biological properties of P. gingivalis LPS lipid A moiety that could critically modulate immuno-inflammatory response, antioxidant defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in HGFs, and thereby enhances our understanding of periodontal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanuja D K Herath
- National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Cun-Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology &Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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41
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Mangiferin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of interleukin-6 in human oral epithelial cells by suppressing toll-like receptor signaling. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 71:155-161. [PMID: 27517515 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral epithelial cells have currently been found to play an important role in inflammatory modulation in periodontitis. Mangiferin is a natural glucosylxanthone with anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of mangiferin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in oral epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms. DESIGN The levels of LPS-induced IL-6 production in OKF6/TERT-2 oral keratinocytes were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 was determined using western blot analysis. And the phosphorylation of TLR downstream nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was examined using cell-based protein phosphorylation ELISA kits. RESULTS We found that mangiferin reduced LPS-upregulated IL-6 production in OKF6/TERT-2 cells. Additionally, mangiferin inhibited LPS-induced TLR2 and TLR4 overexpression, and suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK and JNK. Moreover, mangiferin repressed IL-6 production and TLR signaling activation in a dose-dependent manner after 24h treatment. CONCLUSIONS Mangiferin decreases LPS-induced production of IL-6 in human oral epithelial cells by suppressing TLR signaling, and this glucosylxanthone may have potential for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Vatanen T, Kostic AD, d'Hennezel E, Siljander H, Franzosa EA, Yassour M, Kolde R, Vlamakis H, Arthur TD, Hämäläinen AM, Peet A, Tillmann V, Uibo R, Mokurov S, Dorshakova N, Ilonen J, Virtanen SM, Szabo SJ, Porter JA, Lähdesmäki H, Huttenhower C, Gevers D, Cullen TW, Knip M, Xavier RJ. Variation in Microbiome LPS Immunogenicity Contributes to Autoimmunity in Humans. Cell 2016; 165:842-53. [PMID: 27133167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the hygiene hypothesis, the increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases in western countries may be explained by changes in early microbial exposure, leading to altered immune maturation. We followed gut microbiome development from birth until age three in 222 infants in Northern Europe, where early-onset autoimmune diseases are common in Finland and Estonia but are less prevalent in Russia. We found that Bacteroides species are lowly abundant in Russians but dominate in Finnish and Estonian infants. Therefore, their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposures arose primarily from Bacteroides rather than from Escherichia coli, which is a potent innate immune activator. We show that Bacteroides LPS is structurally distinct from E. coli LPS and inhibits innate immune signaling and endotoxin tolerance; furthermore, unlike LPS from E. coli, B. dorei LPS does not decrease incidence of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Early colonization by immunologically silencing microbiota may thus preclude aspects of immune education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Vatanen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva d'Hennezel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heli Siljander
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Moran Yassour
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, 02740 Espoo, Finland
| | - Aleksandr Peet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu and Tartu University Hospital, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu and Tartu University Hospital, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raivo Uibo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergei Mokurov
- Ministry of Health and Social Development, Karelian Republic of the Russian Federation, Lenin Street 6, 185035 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Natalya Dorshakova
- Petrozavodsk State University, Department of Family Medicine, Lenin Street 33, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District and Research Center for Child Health, University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanne J Szabo
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Porter
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dirk Gevers
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas W Cullen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Zhao Y, Cao H, Wang J, Qin H, Li B, Wang D, Meng F, Zhang X, Liu X. Restoring the osteogenic activity of bacterial debris contaminated titanium by doping with magnesium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11854b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial debris can impair the osseointegration of implants and co-doping with magnesium and silver is a promising method to solve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200233
- China
| | - Huiliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200233
- China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Orthopedics
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200233
- China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200233
- China
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Fanhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200233
- China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
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Active Nanofibrous Membrane Effects on Gingival Cell Inflammatory Response. MATERIALS 2015; 8:7217-7229. [PMID: 28793632 PMCID: PMC5455376 DOI: 10.3390/ma8105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is involved in normal skin wound healing and also has anti-inflammatory properties. The association of α-MSH to polyelectrolyte layers with various supports has been shown to improve these anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nanofibrous membrane functionalized with α-MSH linked to polyelectrolyte layers on gingival cell inflammatory response. Human oral epithelial cells (EC) and fibroblasts (FB) were cultured on plastic or electrospun Poly-#-caprolactone (PCL) membranes with α-MSH covalently coupled to Poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA-α-MSH), for 6 to 24 h. Cells were incubated with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS). Cell proliferation and migration were determined using AlamarBlue test and scratch assay. Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was evaluated using RT-qPCR method. Cell cultures on plastic showed that PGA-α-MSH reduced EC and FB migration and decreased IL-6 and TGF-β expression in Pg-LPS stimulated EC. PGA-α-MSH functionalized PCL membranes reduced proliferation of Pg-LPS stimulated EC and FB. A significant decrease of IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β expression was also observed in Pg-LPS stimulated EC and FB. This study showed that the functionalization of nanofibrous PCL membranes efficiently amplified the anti-inflammatory effect of PGA-α-MSH on gingival cells.
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45
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Wang QB, Sun LY, Gong ZD, Du Y. Veratric Acid Inhibits LPS-Induced IL-6 and IL-8 Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Inflammation 2015; 39:237-242. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Derradjia A, Alanazi H, Park HJ, Djeribi R, Semlali A, Rouabhia M. α-tocopherol decreases interleukin-1β and -6 and increases human β-defensin-1 and -2 secretion in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Derradjia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Biofilms et la Biocontamination des Matériaux; Faculté des Sciences; Université d'Annaba; Annaba Algeria
| | - H. Alanazi
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - H. J. Park
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - R. Djeribi
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Biofilms et la Biocontamination des Matériaux; Faculté des Sciences; Université d'Annaba; Annaba Algeria
| | - A. Semlali
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
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Effect of retinoic acid on the function of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow stromal cells grown on titanium surfaces. Inflamm Res 2014; 64:63-70. [PMID: 25403801 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This study aimed to evaluate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on suppressing the inflammatory response and promoting the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on titanium in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microenvironment. METHODS BMSCs were divided into four groups and treated with LPS (1 μg/mL), atRA (1 nmol/L), LPS + atRA, or left untreated. Cells were then cultured on titanium surfaces and cell function compared. BMSC proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation were assessed using the MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expression levels of inflammatory factors were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Increased mineralized nodule formation, ALP activity, osteocalcin, and osteopontin expression levels were detected in LPS + atRA-treated BMSCs after osteogenic induction, when compared with LPS-treated cells. In addition, the high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) expression induced by LPS were inhibited after treatment with atRA. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the effects of atRA on suppressing inflammatory responses and promoting osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs on titanium in an LPS-induced microenvironment. This indicates the potential therapeutic value of atRA for treating peri-implants inflammatory disease.
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48
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Fu E, Tsai MC, Chin YT, Tu HP, Fu MM, Chiang CY, Chiu HC. The effects of diallyl sulfide upon Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide stimulated proinflammatory cytokine expressions and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:380-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Fu
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - M.-C. Tsai
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y.-T. Chin
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Program for Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery; College of Medical Science and Technology; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H.-P. Tu
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dental Hygiene; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - M. M. Fu
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity; Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - C.-Y. Chiang
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H.-C. Chiu
- Department of Periodontology; National Defense Medical Center; Research Institute of Dental Sciences; School of Dentistry; Tri-Service General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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49
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Lin G, Shi X, Chen S, Lei L, You X, Huang M, Luo L, Li Y, Zhao X, Yan F. Effects of micro-amounts of Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide on rabbit inflammatory immune response and development of atherosclerosis. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:356-62. [PMID: 25065326 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Lin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
- Department of Stomatology; Fujian Provincial People's Hospital; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou China
| | - X. Shi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
| | - S. Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
| | - L. Lei
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
| | - X. You
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
| | - M. Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
| | - L. Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
| | - Y. Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
| | - X. Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
| | - F. Yan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University; Fuzhou China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian China
- School of Stomatology; Nanjing University; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Nanjing China
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50
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Andrukhov O, Ertlschweiger S, Moritz A, Bantleon HP, Rausch-Fan X. Different effects of P. gingivalis LPS and E. coli LPS on the expression of interleukin-6 in human gingival fibroblasts. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:337-45. [PMID: 24255960 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.834535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is thought to be mediated by activation of toll-like receptors (TLR)2 and TLR4. The present study investigated the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, TLR2, and TLR4 in GFs of seven different donors upon stimulation with P. gingivalis LPS. The effects of P. gingivalis LPS were compared with those of TLR4 agonist Escherichia coli LPS and TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4. MATERIALS AND METHODS GFs were stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS, E. coli LPS or Pam3CSK4 and the expression of IL-6, TLR2 and TLR4 was measured by qPCR. The surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS In GFs from three donors, P. gingivalis LPS and Pam3CSK4 induced a markedly lower increase in IL-6 expression than E. coli LPS. This was accompanied by significant down-regulation of the TLR2 and TLR4 expression. In GFs from another four donors, an increase in IL-6 expression upon stimulation with P. gingivalis LPS and Pam3CSK4 was similar or even higher than that induced by E. coli LPS. In GFs of these donors, all stimuli induced an up-regulation of both mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and did not influence that of TLR4. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that P. gingivalis LPS and E. coli LPS differently regulate cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts. Regulation of the expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 by periodontal pathogens might be an important factor controlling the inflammatory response in GFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Central Research Unit, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna
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