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Khullar G, Cai Z, O'Brien B, Suh J, Ronholm J. Draft genome sequences of 21 Bacillus sp. isolates from raw bovine milk. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0056924. [PMID: 39162440 PMCID: PMC11385722 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00569-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the Bacillus genus are commonly used as probiotics in livestock production. We isolated several Bacillus strains from healthy dairy cattle. The role of these strains in mammary health is of interest. Here, we present 21 draft genome assemblies and annotations of Bacillus sp. isolated from fresh raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Khullar
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zhangbin Cai
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bridget O'Brien
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jinha Suh
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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2
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Song JH, Park SS, Kim IH, Cho Y. Differential growth enhancement followed by notable microbiota modulation in growing-finishing pigs by Bacillus subtilis strains ps4060, ps4100, and a 50:50 strain mixture. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306014. [PMID: 39250473 PMCID: PMC11383229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A 50:50 blend of two Bacillus subtilis strains positively impacted the productivity of finishing pigs. Given this observed effect, we hypothesized that each strain has distinct effects on weight gain and their influence on gut microbiota. In a 16-week test, 160 pigs were divided into four groups: basal diet, B. subtilis ps4100, B. subtilis ps4060, and 50:50 mixture supplemented. Subsequently, we compared body weight and fecal microbiota. Among the supplements, ps4100, ps4060, and the 50:50 mix yielded respective average daily weight gains (ADG) of 3.6%, 4.6%, and 3.9% by the 6th week. The weight difference was maintained through the 16th week. At the 11th week, the difference in α-diversity among the fecal microbiota was marginal, and 17 of 229 genera showed differential abundance between the control and either of the treatment groups. A total of 12 of the 17 genera, including Lactobacillus, showed differential abundance between the ps4100 and ps4060-fed groups, and only Eubacterium consistently decreased in abundance in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups. In comparison, microbial diversity was significantly different at the 16th week (p < 0.05), with 96 out of 229 genera exhibiting differential abundance. A total of 42 of the 96 genera exhibited similar patterns in both the ps4100 and ps4060 groups compared to the control group. Additionally, 236 of 687 microbial enzymes with differential abundance deduced from 16S rRNA reads showed similar differential abundance in both groups compared to the control group. We concluded that the overall microbial balance, rather than the dominance or significant decrease of a few specific genera, likely caused the enhanced ADG until the 11th week. Substantial changes in microbiota manifested at the 16th week did not cause dramatically increased ADG but were a consequence of weight gain and could positively affect animal physiology and health afterward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Song
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Su Park
- Proxenrem, Osong Saengmyeong1-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangrae Cho
- Proxenrem, Osong Saengmyeong1-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen HA, Tran P T, Dam HT, Nguyen HV, Le TH, Ho PH, Lan Huong N. Whole genome sequence analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain S2.5 as a potential probiotic for feed supplement in livestock production. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100404. [PMID: 39179321 PMCID: PMC11338101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementing probiotics in livestock feed is increasing due to concerns over the potential harm caused by antibiotics and other chemical growth promoters. Several Bacillus sp. have been used as probiotic supplements for livestock. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S2.5 was isolated from freshwater and its potential probiotic characteristics were evaluated in vitro. The whole genome of strain S2.5 was sequenced, and its probiotic traits were annotated using bioinformatic tools. RESULTS Both vegetative cells and spores of strain S2.5 remained stable throughout the 1.5 h of gastric juice and 48 h of intestine simulation. The strain S2.5 harbored the ability to produce glucoamylase, carboxymethyl cellulase, protease, and chitinase. It is also susceptible to all six tested antibiotics. The complete genome sequence shows genes related to acid-bile tolerance, environmental stress resistance, hydrolases, and adhesion to gut mucosa, confirming probiotic traits in the in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS B. amyloliquefaciens S2.5 demonstrated potential probiotic characteristics and its genetic profile in the in vitro experiments. Further in vivo assessments of B. amyloliquefaciens S2.5 on livestock and poultry should be performed to assess its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Anh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences (former School of Biotechnology and Food Technology), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thao Tran P
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences (former School of Biotechnology and Food Technology), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hang Thuy Dam
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences (former School of Biotechnology and Food Technology), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Van Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences (former School of Biotechnology and Food Technology), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Ha Le
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences (former School of Biotechnology and Food Technology), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phu-Ha Ho
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences (former School of Biotechnology and Food Technology), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Lan Huong
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences (former School of Biotechnology and Food Technology), Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Guéneau V, Jiménez G, Castex M, Briandet R. Insights into the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of Bacillus spp. strains isolated from biofilms in broiler farms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0066324. [PMID: 39158314 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00663-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The characterization of surface microbiota living in biofilms within livestock buildings has been relatively unexplored, despite its potential impact on animal health. To enhance our understanding of these microbial communities, we characterized 11 spore-forming strains isolated from two commercial broiler chicken farms. Sequencing of the strains revealed them to belong to three species Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and genes associated with antimicrobial secretion specific to each species. We conducted a comprehensive characterization of the biofilm formed by these strains under various conditions, and we revealed significant structural heterogeneity across the different strains. A macro-colony interaction model was employed to assess the compatibility of these strains to coexist in mixed biofilms. We identified highly competitive B. velezensis strains, which cannot coexist with other Bacillus spp. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy along with a specific dye for extracellular DNA, we uncovered the importance of extracellular DNA for the formation of B. licheniformis biofilms. Altogether, the results highlight the heterogeneity in both genome and biofilm structure among Bacillus spp. isolated from biofilms present within livestock buildings.IMPORTANCELittle is known about the microbial communities that develop on farms in direct contact with animals. Nonpathogenic strains of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis were found in biofilm samples collected from surfaces in contact with animals. Significant genetic and phenotypic diversity was described among these Bacillus strains. The strains do not possess mobile antibiotic resistance genes in their genomes and have a strong capacity to form structured biofilms. Among these species, B. velezensis was noted for its high competitiveness compared with the other Bacillus spp. Additionally, the importance of extracellular DNA in the formation of B. licheniformis biofilms was observed. These findings provide insights for the management of these surface microbiota that can influence animal health, such as the use of competitive strains to minimize the establishment of undesirable bacteria or enzymes capable of specifically deconstructing biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgile Guéneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | | | | | - Romain Briandet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Magalhães J, Cappellozza BI, Dos Santos TC, Inoe F, Pessoa Araújo Júnior J, Kurissio JK, Queiroz O, Joergensen JN, Cooke RF, Vasconcelos CGC, Vasconcelos JLM. Effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials on health and growth of preweaning Gyr × Holstein dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6117-6130. [PMID: 38608942 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of direct-fed microbials (DFM) on health and growth responses of preweaning Bos indicus × Bos taurus (Gyr × Holstein) crossbred calves. Ninety newborn heifer calves (initial BW of 35 ± 4.0 kg) were used. At birth, calves were ranked by initial BW and parity of the dam and assigned to: (1) whole milk without DFM supplementation (CON; n = 30), (2) whole milk with the addition of 1.0 g/calf per day of a Bacillus-based DFM (BAC; n = 30), or (3) whole milk with the addition of 1.0 g/calf per day of BAC and 1.2 g/calf per day of Enterococcus faecium 669 (MIX; n = 30). Milk was fed individually during the study (77 d), and the BAC and MIX treatments were offered daily throughout the 77-d preweaning period. All calves were offered a starter supplement and corn silage starting on d 1 and 60 of age, respectively. Milk and starter supplement intake were evaluated daily, and BW was recorded on d 0 and at weaning (d 77). Diarrhea and pneumonia were assessed daily, and fecal samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, and at weaning (d 77) for assessment of the presence of bacterial and protozoal pathogens via qPCR. All data were analyzed using SAS (v. 9.4) with calf as the experimental unit and using single-df orthogonal contrasts (BAC + MIX vs. CON; BAC vs. MIX). Daily feeding of DFM, regardless of type, improved weaning BW. Odds ratio for occurrence of pneumonia was lower for DFM-supplemented calves, but its occurrence did not differ between BAC and MIX calves. No Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli F41 were detected in any of the calves. The proportion of calves positive for E. coli F17 was greater for DFM calves on d 7 (92% and 96% vs. 81% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), on d 21 (13% and 26% vs. 7% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), and at weaning (48% and 35% vs. 22% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively). For Clostridium difficile, more DFM calves were positive on d 7 (65% and 30% vs. 35% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and 14 (20% and 28% vs. 7% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), but proportion of positive calves was also greater for BAC versus MIX on d 7. More CON calves were positive for Clostridium perfringens on d 14 (14% vs. 3% and 8% for CON, BAC, and MIX, respectively) compared with DFM-fed calves. Incidence of calves positive for C. perfringens was greater in BAC than MIX on d 7 (50% vs. 18%), and greater for MIX than BAC at weaning (9% vs. 0%). For protozoa occurrence, a lower proportion of DFM calves were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. on d 7 (58% and 48% vs. 76% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), but opposite results were observed on d 21 for Cryptosporidium spp. (3% and 11% vs. 0% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and Eimeria spp. on d 14 (7% and 8% vs. 0% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and 21 (50% and 59% vs. 38% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively). In summary, DFM feeding alleviated the occurrence of pneumonia and improved growth rates, while also modulating the prevalence of bacteria and protozoa in preweaning Gyr × Holstein calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Magalhães
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno I Cappellozza
- Commercial Development, Animal & Plant Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Taynara C Dos Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Inoe
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo Júnior
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline K Kurissio
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil
| | - Oscar Queiroz
- Commercial Development, Animal & Plant Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Jens N Joergensen
- Commercial Development, Animal & Plant Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | | | - José Luiz M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil.
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Endo HM, Bandeca SCS, Olchanheski LR, Schemczssen-Graeff Z, Pileggi M. Probiotics and the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection through regulation of host cell calcium dynamics. Life Sci 2024; 350:122784. [PMID: 38848939 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a secondary messenger that interacts with several cellular proteins, regulates various physiological processes, and plays a role in diseases such as viral infections. Next-generation probiotics and live biotherapeutic products are linked to the regulation of intracellular calcium levels. Some viruses can manipulate calcium channels, pumps, and membrane receptors to alter calcium influx and promote virion production and release. In this study, we examined the use of bacteria for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, such as coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination programs have helped reduce disease severity; however, there is still a lack of well-recognized drug regimens for the clinical management of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the host cell calcium (Ca2+), manipulates proteins, and disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis. This article explores how viruses exploit, create, or exacerbate calcium imbalances, and the potential role of probiotics in mitigating viral infections by modulating calcium signaling. Pharmacological strategies have been developed to prevent viral replication and block the calcium channels that serve as viral receptors. Alternatively, probiotics may interact with cellular calcium influx, such as Lactobacillus spp. The interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and cellular calcium homeostasis is evident. A scientific basis for using probiotics to manipulate calcium channel activity needs to be established for the treatment and prevention of viral diseases while maintaining calcium homeostasis. In this review article, we discuss how intracellular calcium signaling can affect viral replication and explore the potential therapeutic benefits of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Massami Endo
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Olchanheski
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff
- Comparative Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
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Tang X, Zeng Y, Xiong K, Zhong J. Bacillus spp. as potential probiotics: promoting piglet growth by improving intestinal health. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1429233. [PMID: 39132437 PMCID: PMC11310147 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1429233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of Bacillus spp. as probiotics in the swine industry, particularly for piglet production, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This review aimed to summarized the role and mechanisms of Bacillus spp. in promoting growth and maintaining gut health in piglets. Bacillus spp. can enhance intestinal barrier function by promoting the proliferation and repair of intestinal epithelial cells and increasing mucosal barrier integrity, thereby reducing the risk of pathogenic microbial invasion. Additionally, Bacillus spp. can activate the intestinal immune system of piglets, thereby enhancing the body's resistance to diseases. Moreover, Bacillus spp. can optimize the gut microbial community structure, enhance the activity of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli, ultimately promoting piglet growth performance and improving feed efficiency. Bacillus spp. has advantages as well as challenges as an animal probiotic, and safety evaluation should be conducted when using the newly isolated Bacillus spp. This review provides a scientific basis for the application of Bacillus spp. in modern piglet production, highlighting their potential in improving the efficiency of livestock production and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kangning Xiong
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, College of Biotechnology, Hengyang, China
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Li L, Yang L, Zhang L, He F, Xia Z, Xiang B. Multi-omic analysis reveals that Bacillus licheniformis enhances pekin ducks growth performance via lipid metabolism regulation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412231. [PMID: 38933681 PMCID: PMC11201536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bacillus licheniformis (B.licheniformis) was widely used in poultry feeds. However, it is still unclear about how B.licheniformis regulates the growth and development of Pekin ducks. Methods: The experiment was designed to clarify the effect and molecular mechanism of B. licheniformis on the lipid metabolism and developmental growth of Pekin ducks through multiomics analysis, including transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Results: The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of 400 mg/kg B. licheniformis could significantly increase the body weight of Pekin ducks and the content of triglyceride (p < 0.05), at the same time, the addition of B. licheniformis could affect the lipid metabolism of liver in Pekin ducks, and the addition of 400 mg/kg B. licheniformis could significantly increase the content of lipoprotein lipase in liver of Pekin ducks. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the addition of B. licheniformis primarily impacted fatty acid and glutathione, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, as well as biosynthesis and elongation of unsaturated fatty acids. Metabolomic analysis indicated that B. licheniformis primarily affected the regulation of glycerol phospholipids, fatty acids, and glycerol metabolites. Multiomics analysis demonstrated that the addition of B. licheniformis to the diet of Pekin ducks enhanced the regulation of enzymes involved in fat synthesis via the PPAR signaling pathway, actively participating in fat synthesis and fatty acid transport. Discussion: We found that B. licheniformis effectively influences fat content and lipid metabolism by modulating lipid metabolism-associated enzymes in the liver. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of how B. licheniformis can improve the growth performance of Pekin ducks, particularly in terms of fat deposition, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for its practical application. Conclusion: B. licheniformis can increase the regulation of enzymes related to fat synthesis through PPAR signal pathway, and actively participate in liver fat synthesis and fatty acid transport, thus changing the lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks, mainly in the regulation of glycerol phospholipids, fatty acids and glycerol lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyu Yang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengping He
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Kongpanna P, Doerr JA, Nilubol D, Jamikorn U. Effect of a Multi-Species Direct-Fed Microbial on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology and Colonic Volatile Fatty Acids in Weanling Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1749. [PMID: 38929368 PMCID: PMC11200373 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The potentials of ABO replacer of ENZ and DFM on growth performance, AID, colonic VFAs, gut morphology, fecal score and diarrhea incidence were evaluated. We randomly assigned 120 piglets to four experimental diets that included: (1) control diet (CON), fed the basal ration; (2) ABO was added at 250 ppm of in-feed ABO; (3) ENZ was added at a rate of 3 kg/ton feed; (4) DFM was added with 50 × 106 cfu/g of Bacillus subtilis and 2 × 106 cfu/g of Lactobacillus spp. at a rate of 1.2 kg/ton feed. A complete randomized design used six pens per treatment with five pigs per pen. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the 6-week trial. Feed intake and BW were recorded on weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6, as well as fecal scores and diarrhea incidences (visually recorded and calculated). At weeks 2 and 4, a sub-sample of pigs (n = 6) was sacrificed for intestinal morphology, enzyme activity and VFAs. The results of the study demonstrated that DFM piglets showed increased final BW (3 kg) (p < 0.001) vs. CON. Likewise, ADG was positively affected by the incorporation of ABO, ENZ and DFM in the diets, with an average increase of 8 to 17% on ADG compared with CON (p < 0.001). The AID of gross energy, organic matter, CP and EAAs in piglets fed ENZ and DFM were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of CON and ABO at weeks 2 and 4. Inclusion of DFM increased intestinal morphology, enzymatic activities and propionic and butyric acid more than in pigs fed CON, ABO and ENZ (p < 0.05). The fecal score and diarrhea incidence generally decreased over time in pigs fed DFM (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with DFM has better effects at any period on growth performance, CP and AA digestibility and beneficially altered the intestinal health in weanling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panumas Kongpanna
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - John A. Doerr
- Agrarian Solutions, 585 Shawnee St., Nappanee, IN 46550, USA;
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Uttra Jamikorn
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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10
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Cui H, Zhang C, Su K, Fan T, Chen L, Yang Z, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu J. Oregano Essential Oil in Livestock and Veterinary Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1532. [PMID: 38891579 PMCID: PMC11171306 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
With a growing global concern over food safety and animal welfare issues, the livestock and veterinary industries are undergoing unprecedented changes. These changes have not only brought challenges within each industry, but also brought unprecedented opportunities for development. In this context, the search for natural and safe products that can effectively replace traditional veterinary drugs has become an important research direction in the fields of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. Oregano essential oil (OEO), as a natural extract, is gradually emerging in the fields of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine with its unique antibacterial, antioxidant, and multiple other biological activities. OEO not only has a wide antibacterial spectrum, effectively fighting against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, but also, because of its natural properties, helps us to avoid traditional veterinary drugs that may bring drug residues or cause drug resistance problems. This indicates OEO has great application potential in animal disease treatment, animal growth promotion, and animal welfare improvement. At present, the application of OEO in the fields of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine has achieved preliminary results. Studies have shown that adding OEO to animal feed can significantly improve the growth performance and health status of animals and reduce the occurrence of disease. At the same time, pharmacokinetic studies in animals show that the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes of OEO in animals shows good bioavailability. In summary, oregano essential oil (OEO), as a substitute for natural veterinary drugs with broad application prospects, is gradually becoming a research hotspot in the field of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. In the future, we look forward to further tapping the potential of OEO through more research and practice and making greater contributions to the sustainable development of the livestock and veterinary industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.C.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.C.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Kai Su
- Department of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Engineering, Cangzhou Technical College, Cangzhou 061000, China; (K.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Tingli Fan
- Department of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Engineering, Cangzhou Technical College, Cangzhou 061000, China; (K.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.C.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zitong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.C.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingda Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.C.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.C.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.C.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.C.); (C.Z.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
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11
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Li J, Tian C, Feng S, Cheng W, Tao S, Li C, Xiao Y, Wei H. Modulation of Gut Microbial Community and Metabolism by Bacillus licheniformis HD173 Promotes the Growth of Nursery Piglets Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:1497. [PMID: 38794735 PMCID: PMC11124511 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the balance and stability of the gut microbiota is crucial for the gut health and growth development of humans and animals. Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) has been reported to be beneficial to the gut health of humans and animals, whereas the probiotic effects of a new strain, B. licheniformis HD173, remain uncertain. In this study, nursery piglets were utilized as animal models to investigate the extensive impact of B. licheniformis HD173 on gut microbiota, metabolites, and host health. The major findings were that this probiotic enhanced the growth performance and improved the health status of the nursery piglets. Specifically, it reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum while increasing the level of IL-10 and SOD. In the gut, B. licheniformis HD173 reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Mycoplasma, Vibrio, and Vibrio metschnikovii, while it increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, including Oscillospira, Coprococcus, and Roseburia faecis, leading to an enhanced production of butyric acid. Furthermore, B. licheniformis HD173 effectively improved the gut metabolic status, enabling the gut microbiota to provide the host with stronger metabolic abilities for nutrients. In summary, these findings provide scientific evidence for the utilization of B. licheniformis HD173 in the development and production of probiotic products for maintaining gut health in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (C.T.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Cheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (C.T.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuaifei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (C.T.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Shiyu Tao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (C.T.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Wei
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.C.); (S.T.)
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12
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Wang T, Shi Y, Zheng M, Zheng J. Comparative Genomics Unveils Functional Diversity, Pangenome Openness, and Underlying Biological Drivers among Bacillus subtilis Group. Microorganisms 2024; 12:986. [PMID: 38792815 PMCID: PMC11124052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus subtilis group (Bs group), with Bacillus subtilis as its core species, holds significant research and economic value in various fields, including science, industrial production, food, and pharmaceuticals. However, most studies have been confined to comparative genomics analyses and exploration within individual genomes at the level of species, with few conducted within groups across different species. This study focused on Bacillus subtilis, the model of Gram-positive bacteria, and 14 other species with significant research value, employing comparative pangenomics as well as population enrichment analysis to ascertain the functional enrichment and diversity. Through the quantification of pangenome openness, this work revealed the underlying biological drivers and significant correlation between pangenome openness and various factors, including the distribution of toxin-antitoxin- and integrase-related genes, as well as the number of endonucleases, recombinases, repair system-related genes, prophages, integrases, and transfer mobile elements. Furthermore, the functional enrichment results indicated the potential for secondary metabolite, probiotic, and antibiotic exploration in Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus paralicheniformis, and Bacillus spizizenii, respectively. In general, this work systematically exposed the quantification of pangenome openness, biological drivers, the pivotal role of genomic instability factors, and mobile elements, providing targeted exploration guidance for the Bs group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiquan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiling Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengzhuo Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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13
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Wang M, Yi M, Wang L, Sun S, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Cao H. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Probiotics on the Growth Performance of Fattening Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1285. [PMID: 38731289 PMCID: PMC11083020 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been proven to improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on the growth performance; rumen and intestinal microbiota; rumen fluid, serum, and urine metabolism; and rumen epithelial cell transcriptomics of fattening meat sheep. Twelve Hu sheep were selected and randomly divided into two groups. They were fed a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 108 CFU/g probiotics (PRB). The results show that the average daily weight gain, and volatile fatty acid and serum antioxidant capacity concentrations of the PRB group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, the thickness of the rumen muscle layer in the PRB group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01); the thickness of the duodenal muscle layer in the fattening sheep was significantly reduced; and the length of the duodenal villi, the thickness of the cecal and rectal mucosal muscle layers, and the thickness of the cecal, colon, and rectal mucosal layers (p < 0.05) were significantly increased. At the genus level, the addition of probiotics altered the composition of the rumen and intestinal microbiota, significantly upregulating the relative abundance of Subdivision5_genera_incertae_sedis and Acinetobacter in the rumen microbiota, and significantly downregulating the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio, Saccharofermentans, and Fibrobacter. The relative abundance of faecalicoccus was significantly upregulated in the intestinal microbiota, while the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Porphyromonas, and Anaerobacterium were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the rumen, serum, and urine metabolites between the PRB group and the CON group, with 188, 138, and 104 metabolites (p < 0.05), mainly affecting pathways such as vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, and a series of amino acid metabolisms. The differential genes in the transcriptome sequencing were mainly enriched in protein modification regulation (especially histone modification), immune function regulation, and energy metabolism. Therefore, adding probiotics improved the growth performance of fattening sheep by altering the rumen and intestinal microbiota; the rumen, serum, and urine metabolome; and the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mingliang Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shixin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yinghui Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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14
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Xu H, Gong J, Lu P, Azevedo P, Li L, Yu H, Yang C. Functional evaluation of Bacillus licheniformis PF9 for its potential in controlling enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weaned piglets. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae050. [PMID: 38665217 PMCID: PMC11044710 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the bacterial selection, isolate PF9 demonstrated tolerance to low pH and high bile salt and an ability to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC; P < 0.05). Thirty-two weaned piglets susceptible to ETEC F4 were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: 1) non-challenged negative control group (NNC; basal diet and piglets gavaged with phosphate-buffered saline), 2) negative control group (NC; basal diet and piglets challenged with ETEC F4, 3 × 107 CFU per pig), 3) positive control (PC; basal diet + 80 mg·kg-1 of avilamycin and piglets challenged with ETEC F4), and 4) probiotic candidate (PF9; control basal diet + 2.5 × 109 CFU·kg-1 diet of B. licheniformis PF9 and piglets challenged with ETEC F4). The infection of ETEC F4 decreased average daily gain and gain:feed in the NC group when compared to the NNC group (P < 0.05). The inoculation of ETEC F4 induced severe diarrhea at 3 h postinoculum (hpi), 36, 40 hpi in the NC group when compared to the NNC group (P < 0.05). The supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 significantly relieved diarrhea severity at 3 hpi when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). The inoculation of ETEC F4 reduced duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height (VH) in the NC group when compared to the NNC group. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease was detected in the duodenal VH in the PC and NNC groups. Moreover, the NNC group had a reduced relative mRNA level of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Compared to the NC and NNC groups, the supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 increased the relative mRNA levels of aminopeptidase N, occludin, zonula occludens-1, and SGLT1 (P < 0.05). The supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 also significantly increased the relative mRNA level of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Piglets supplemented with B. licheniformis PF9 showed lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the colon than piglets from the NNC group (P < 0.05). The NNC group had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in the ileum than all the challenged piglets (P < 0.05); however, a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the ileum and colon was observed in the NC group (P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that B. licheniformis PF9 has the potential to improve the gut health of piglets under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Paula Azevedo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Linyan Li
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
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15
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Winther K, Kristensen C, Henriksen BL, Hansen LHB, Ryt-Hansen P, Vestergaard G, Skovgaard K, Sandvang D, Boll EJ, Williams AR, Larsen LE. Bacillus subtilis-597 induces changes in lung pathology and inflammation during influenza A virus infection in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110032. [PMID: 38430715 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that imbalances in the gastrointestinal system can impact organs beyond the intestine such as the lungs. Given the established ability of probiotics to modulate the immune system by interacting with gastrointestinal cells, our research aimed to investigate whether administering the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis-597 could mitigate the outcome of influenza virus infection in pigs. Pigs were fed a diet either with or without the probiotic strain B. subtilis-597 for 14 days before being intranasally inoculated with a swine influenza A H1N2 strain (1 C.2 lineage). Throughout the study, we collected fecal samples, blood samples, and nasal swabs to examine viral shedding and immune gene expression. After seven days of infection, the pigs were euthanized, and lung and ileum tissues were collected for gene expression analysis and pathological examination. Our findings indicate that the administration of B. subtilis-597 exhibit potential in reducing lung lesions, possibly attributable to a general suppression of the immune system as indicated by reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in serum, decreased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and localized reduction of the inflammatory marker serum amyloid A (SAA) in ileum tissue. Notably, the immune-modulatory effects of B. subtilis-597 appeared to be unrelated to the gastrointestinal microbiota, as the composition remained unaltered by both the influenza infection and the administration of B. subtilis-597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Winther
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Pia Ryt-Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Gisle Vestergaard
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Sandvang
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Erik Juncker Boll
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Lars E Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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16
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Miller AC, Mezzomo R, Gomes DI, Loh HY, Levenson JR, Guimaraes O, Tangredi BV, Zuchegno SM, Chek E, Cappellozza BI, Schutz JS, Engle TE. Influence of BOVAMINE DEFEND Plus on growth performance, carcass characteristics, estimated dry matter digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and immune function in finishing beef steers. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae045. [PMID: 38585172 PMCID: PMC10999155 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
One hundred and eighty crossbred beef steers (406.0 ± 2.2 kg) were used to determine the impact of a novel direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, rumen fermentation characteristics, and immune response in finishing beef cattle. Steers were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned, within block, to 1 of 2 treatments (3 replicates/treatment: 30 steers/replicate). Treatments included: (1) no DFM (control) and (2) DFM supplementation at 50 mg ∙ animal-1 ∙ d-1 (BOVAMINE DEFEND Plus). All steers were fed a high-concentrate finishing diet and individual feed intake was recorded daily via the GrowSafe system. BWs were collected every 28 d. On day 55, 10 steers per pen were injected with ovalbumin (OVA). Jugular blood samples were collected from each steer on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 post injection. On day 112, the same steers were injected again with OVA and intramuscularly with a pig red blood cell solution. Jugular blood samples were collected from each steer on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 post injection. On day 124, rumen fluid was collected from 3 steers per treatment and used to estimate in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Equal numbers of steers per treatment were transported to a commercial abattoir on days 145, 167, and 185 of the experiment, harvested, and carcass data were collected. Initial BW was similar across treatments. On days 28 and 55, steers receiving DFM had heavier BW (P < 0.01) compared to controls. The average daily gain was greater in DFM-supplemented steers from days 0 to 28 (P < 0.01) and days 0 to 55 (P < 0.01) of the experiment compared to controls. Overall dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P < 0.04) and overall feed efficiency was similar in DFM-supplemented steers compared to controls. Dressing percentage (P < 0.02) was greater in steers receiving DFM compared to controls. Antibody titers to injected antigens were similar across treatments. However, red blood cell superoxide dismutase activity was greater (P < 0.05) in DFM-supplemented steers compared to controls. In vitro molar proportions of isobutyric and butyric acid were greater (P < 0.01) and dry matter (DM) digestibility tended (P < 0.07) to be greater in rumen fluid obtained from steers supplemented with DFM. These data suggest that BOVAMINE DEFEND Plus supplementation improves growth performance during the initial period of the finishing phase, increases overall DMI and dressing percentage, and may impact antioxidant status in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Rafael Mezzomo
- Department of Ruminant Production, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia-UFRA, Campus de Parauapebas, Brazil
| | - Daiany I Gomes
- Department of Ruminant Production, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia-UFRA, Campus de Parauapebas, Brazil
| | - Huey Yi Loh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jonah R Levenson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Briana V Tangredi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sophie M Zuchegno
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Erlene Chek
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | | - Terry E Engle
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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17
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Raphel S, Halami PM. Genome mining of Bacillus licheniformis MCC2514 for the identification of lasso peptide biosynthetic gene cluster and its characterization. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:143. [PMID: 38443732 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The probiotic strain Bacillus licheniformis MCC2514 has been shown to produce a strong antibacterial peptide and the whole genome sequence of this strain is also reported in our previous study. The present study is focused on the genome level investigation of this peptide antibiotic and its characterization. Genome mining of the culture revealed the presence of three putative bacteriocin clusters, viz. lichenicidin, sonorensin and lasso peptide. Hence, the mode of action of the peptide was investigated by reporter assay, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, the peptide treated groups of Kocuria rhizophila showed a reduction in the fold expression for transcription-related genes. The gene expression studies, quantitative β-galactosidase induction assay using the RNA stress reporter strain, yvgS along with the homology studies concluded that lasso peptide is responsible for the antibacterial activity of the peptide which acts as an inhibitor of RNA biosynthesis. Gene expression analysis showed a considerable increase in fold expression of lasso peptide genes at various fermentation hours. Also, the peptide was isolated, and its time-kill kinetics and minimum inhibitory concentration against the indicator pathogen K. rhizophila were examined. The peptide was also purified and the molecular weight was determined to be ~ 2 kDa. Our study suggests that this bacteriocin can function as an effective antibacterial agent in food products as well as in therapeutics as it contains lasso peptide, which inhibits the RNA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steji Raphel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Prakash M Halami
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India.
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18
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Liu Z, Liu T, Zhang Z, Fan Y. Bacillus coagulans regulates gut microbiota and ameliorates the alcoholic-associated liver disease in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337185. [PMID: 38596381 PMCID: PMC11002907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcoholic-associated liver diseases (ALD) are now widespread issues worldwide. Alcoholic-induced chronic dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is one of the factors in the pathophysiology of ALD. Methods In this work, we employed a chronic-binge ethanol feeding mice model, as described in a previous report. Results Our findings demonstrate that hepatic inflammatory injury damage and accumulation of fat can be effectively reduced in mice with ALD by altering the gut microbiota utilizing Bacillus coagulans. Treatment with B. coagulans significantly modulates the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-22 cytokines while maintaining tight junction proteins and mucin protein expressions to support intestinal barrier function restoration. Treatment with B. coagulans also alters the composition of the gut microbiota and increases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Discussion This is mostly due to B. coagulans promotes the growth of bacteria that produce SCFAs, such as Ruminococcus species and Akkermansia, while inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia Shigella. Moreover, treatment with B. coagulans causes levels of 2-Ketobutyric acid, ketoleucine, and indoleacetic acid increase while homovanillic acid and 3'-O-Methylguanosine metabolites decrease significantly. This study facilitates the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for ALD using lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yurong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yang C, Wang S, Li Q, Zhang R, Xu Y, Feng J. Effects of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HJLP-1 on Growth Performance, Selected Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function Indices in the Serum, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:668. [PMID: 38473053 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This research study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on growth performance, oxidation resistance, immunity, and cecal microbiota in broilers. This work classed three hundred and sixty 1-day-old male broilers into three groups randomly, including a control group (CON, basal diet) and antibiotic (ANT, 75 mg kg-1 chlortetracycline added into basal diet) and probiotic groups (LP, 5 × 108 CFU kg-1Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HJLP-1 contained within basal diet). Animals were then fed for 42 days, and each group comprised eight replicates with 15 broilers. Compared with CON, L. plantarum supplementation significantly improved the average daily weight gain (AWDG) (p < 0.05) while reducing the feed-gain ratio over the entire supplemental period (p < 0.05). Birds fed L. plantarum had markedly lower serum ammonia and xanthine oxidase levels (p < 0.05) than those in the ANT and CON groups. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and serum IgM and IgY contents in broilers fed L. plantarum were also observed when compared with those in the CON and ANT groups. Both L. plantarum and antibiotics decreased pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β levels significantly (p < 0.05), while only L. plantarum promoted anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels in the serum (p < 0.05) compared with CON. L. plantarum (p < 0.05) increased acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations in cecal contents when compared to those in CON and ANT. Among the differences revealed via 16S rRNA analysis, L. plantarum markedly improved the community richness of the cecal microbiota. At the genus level, the butyric acid-producing bacteria Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae were found in higher relative abundance in samples of L. plantarum-treated birds. In conclusion, dietary L. plantarum supplementation promoted the growth and health of broilers, likely by inducing a shift in broiler gut microbiota toward short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Therefore, L. plantarum has potential as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Silva KGS, Sarturi JO, Johnson BJ, Woerner DR, Lopez AM, Rodrigues BM, Nardi KT, Rush CJ. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial mixtures offered to beef cattle consuming finishing diets on intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal kinetics/fermentation profile. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae003. [PMID: 38183669 PMCID: PMC10833447 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) mixtures on intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation profile, and ruminal degradation kinetics of beef steers were evaluated. Crossbred Angus ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; body weight [BW] = 520 ± 30 kg) were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design and offered a steam-flaked corn-based finisher diet to ad libitum intake for 3, 28-d periods. Treatments were 1) Control (no DFM, lactose carrier only); 2) Treat-A (Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis), at 1:1:1:3 ratio, respectively; totaling 6 × 109 CFU (50 mg)/animal-daily minimum; and 3) Treat-B, the same DFM combination, but doses at 1:1:3:1 ratio. Bacterial counts were ~30% greater than the minimum expected. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with the model including the fixed effect of treatment and the random effects of square, period, and animal (square). For repeated measure variables, the fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction, and the random effects of square, period, animal (square), and animal (treatment) were used. Preplanned contrasts comparing Control × Treat-A or Treat-B were performed. Intake and major feeding behavior variables were not affected (P ≥ 0.17) by treatments. Steers offered Treat-A had an increased (P = 0.04) ADF digestibility compared with Control. Steers offered Treat-A experienced daily 300 min less (P = 0.04) time under ruminal pH 5.6, a greater (P = 0.04) ruminal pH average and NH3-N concentration (P = 0.05) and tended (P = 0.06) to have a lower ruminal temperature compared to Control. Ruminal VFA was not affected (P ≥ 0.38) by treatments. Steers offered Treat-A increased (P = 0.02) and tended (P = 0.08) to increase the ruminal effective degradable NDF and ADF fractions of the diet-substrate, respectively. When the forage-substrate (low quality) was incubated, steers offered Treat-A tended (P = 0.09) to increase the effective degradable hemicellulose fraction compared to Control. In this experiment, the bacterial combinations did not affect intake and feeding behavior, while the combination with a greater proportion of B. licheniformis (Treat-A) elicited an improved core-fiber digestibility and a healthier ruminal pH pattern, in which the ruminal environment showed to be more prone to induce the effective degradability of fiber fractions, while also releasing more NH3-N.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jhones O Sarturi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Dale R Woerner
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Alejandra M Lopez
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Barbara M Rodrigues
- Center for Natural Resource Technology Information, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Kaue T Nardi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
| | - Camron J Rush
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409, USA
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21
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Liu HY, Zhu C, Zhu M, Yuan L, Li S, Gu F, Hu P, Chen S, Cai D. Alternatives to antibiotics in pig production: looking through the lens of immunophysiology. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1. [PMID: 38163818 PMCID: PMC10758383 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the livestock production system, the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of "The Hygiene Hypothesis" in humans. I.e., improved hygiene conditions, reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms in early life, and frequent use of antimicrobial drugs drive immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics as feed additives for infectious disease prevention and animal growth induces antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogens and spreads related environmental pollutants. It justifies our attempt to review alternatives to antibiotics that can support optimal growth and improve the immunophysiological state of pigs. In the current review, we first described porcine mucosal immunity, followed by discussions of gut microbiota dynamics during the critical weaning period and the impacts brought by antibiotics usage. Evidence of in-feed additives with immuno-modulatory properties highlighting probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics and their cellular and molecular networking are summarized and reviewed. It may provide insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of antibiotic alternatives and open new avenues for health management in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shicheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Fang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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22
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Kheirjou S, Hosseini F, Masjedian Jazi F, Siasi Torbati E. Employment of Spore-Forming Probiotics to Combat Persister Cells of Staphylococcus Epidermidis. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 12:643-651. [PMID: 39086592 PMCID: PMC11288240 DOI: 10.61186/rbmb.12.4.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Background In this study, spore-forming probiotics were employed to eradicate Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms and the presence and expression of genes involved in stress response was examined. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect rpoS, relA and mazF genes in S. epidermidis ATCC 12228. Biofilm production was investigated by microtiter plate (MTP) assay. 100X minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamycin was used to induce persister cells in planktonic and biofilm bacterial cells. The expression of rpoS, relA, and mazF genes was assessed at different time intervals of 2, 8, and 24 h using real-time PCR assay. Then, dilutions of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 µg/ml of the supernatant of Bacillus coagulans culture was used to eradicate the persister cells and the number of colonies was determined. Results Persister cells of S. epidermidis were formed after 7 h in planktonic and 5 h in the biofilm structure after exposure to 50 µg/ml of gentamycin. The expression of mazF and rpoS in biofilm structure and the expression of rpoS and relA in persister cells were significantly higher compared to the control (p< 0.05). The number of persister cells showed a reduction of log 2.4 and log 0.8 after exposure to 1 and 0.5 µg/ml B. coagulans supernatant, respectively, but no reduction was observed at the concentration of 0.25 µg/ml. Conclusion The results showed that the supernatant of probiotics containing their secretive metabolites can be used as a novel approach to combat persister cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Kheirjou
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Framarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Siasi Torbati
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Herrmann LW, Letti LAJ, Penha RDO, Soccol VT, Rodrigues C, Soccol CR. Bacillus genus industrial applications and innovation: First steps towards a circular bioeconomy. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108300. [PMID: 38101553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental concerns have directed several policies, investments, and production processes. The search for sustainable and eco-friendly strategies is constantly increasing to reduce petrochemical product utilization, fossil fuel pollution, waste generation, and other major ecological impacts. The concepts of circular economy, bioeconomy, and biorefinery are increasingly being applied to solve or reduce those problems, directing us towards a greener future. Within the biotechnology field, the Bacillus genus of bacteria presents extremely versatile microorganisms capable of producing a great variety of products with little to no dependency on petrochemicals. They are able to grow in different agro-industrial wastes and extreme conditions, resulting in healthy and environmentally friendly products, such as foods, feeds, probiotics, plant growth promoters, biocides, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. The objective of this review was to compile the variety of products that can be produced with Bacillus cells, using the concepts of biorefinery and circular economy as the scope to search for greener alternatives to each production method and providing market and bioeconomy ideas of global production. Although the genus is extensively used in industry, little information is available on its large-scale production, and there is little current data regarding bioeconomy and circular economy parameters for the bacteria. Therefore, as this work gathers several products' economic, production, and environmentally friendly use information, it can be addressed as one of the first steps towards those sustainable strategies. Additionally, an extensive patent search was conducted, focusing on products that contain or are produced by the Bacillus genus, providing an indication of global technology development and direction of the bacteria products. The Bacillus global market represented at least $18 billion in 2020, taking into account only the products addressed in this article, and at least 650 patent documents submitted per year since 2017, indicating this market's extreme importance. The data we provide in this article can be used as a base for further studies in bioeconomy and circular economy and show the genus is a promising candidate for a greener and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Wedderhoff Herrmann
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
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24
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Sabino YNV, Araújo Domingues KCD, Mathur H, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Drouin G, Martínez-Abad A, Tótola MR, Abreu LM, Cotter PD, Mantovani HC. Exopolysaccharides produced by Bacillus spp. inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with bovine mastitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126689. [PMID: 37678679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a costly disease in the dairy sector worldwide. Here the objective was to identify and characterize anti-biofilm compounds produced by Bacillus spp. against S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis. Results showed that cell-free supernatants of three Bacillus strains (out of 33 analysed) reduced S. aureus biofilm formation by approximately 40 % without affecting bacterial growth. The anti-biofilm activity was associated with exopolysaccharides (EPS) secreted by Bacillus spp. The EPS decreased S. aureus biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting biofilm formation by 83 % at 1 mg/mL. The EPS also showed some biofilm disruption activity (up to 36.4 %), which may be partially mediated by increased expression of the aur gene. The characterization of EPS produced by Bacillus velezensis 87 and B. velezensis TR47II revealed macromolecules with molecular weights of 31.2 and 33.7 kDa, respectively. These macromolecules were composed mainly of glucose (mean = 218.5 μg/mg) and mannose (mean = 241.5 μg/mg) and had similar functional groups (pyranose ring, beta-type glycosidic linkage, and alkynes) as revealed by FT-IR. In conclusion, this study shows the potential applications of EPS produced by B. velezensis as an anti-biofilm compound that could contribute to the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harsh Mathur
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Gaetan Drouin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Marcos Rogério Tótola
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Magalhães Abreu
- Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hilario Cuquetto Mantovani
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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25
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Srirengaraj V, Razafindralambo HL, Rabetafika HN, Nguyen HT, Sun YZ. Synbiotic Agents and Their Active Components for Sustainable Aquaculture: Concepts, Action Mechanisms, and Applications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1498. [PMID: 38132324 PMCID: PMC10740583 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a fast-emerging food-producing sector in which fishery production plays an imperative socio-economic role, providing ample resources and tremendous potential worldwide. However, aquatic animals are exposed to the deterioration of the ecological environment and infection outbreaks, which represent significant issues nowadays. One of the reasons for these threats is the excessive use of antibiotics and synthetic drugs that have harmful impacts on the aquatic atmosphere. It is not surprising that functional and nature-based feed ingredients such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics have been developed as natural alternatives to sustain a healthy microbial environment in aquaculture. These functional feed additives possess several beneficial characteristics, including gut microbiota modulation, immune response reinforcement, resistance to pathogenic organisms, improved growth performance, and enhanced feed utilization in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, their mechanisms in modulating the immune system and gut microbiota in aquatic animals are largely unclear. This review discusses basic and current research advancements to fill research gaps and promote effective and healthy aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hary L. Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, 5004 Namur, Belgium;
- BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Sustainable Management of Bio-Agressors & Microbial Technologies, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech—Université de Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Long Xuyen City 90000, Vietnam;
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China;
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26
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Lopes SA, Roque-Borda CA, Duarte JL, Di Filippo LD, Borges Cardoso VM, Pavan FR, Chorilli M, Meneguin AB. Delivery Strategies of Probiotics from Nano- and Microparticles: Trends in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2600. [PMID: 38004578 PMCID: PMC10674632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, most known as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), that affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), causing considerable symptoms to millions of people around the world. Conventional therapeutic strategies have limitations and side effects, prompting the exploration of innovative approaches. Probiotics, known for their potential to restore gut homeostasis, have emerged as promising candidates for IBD management. Probiotics have been shown to minimize disease symptoms, particularly in patients affected by UC, opening important opportunities to better treat this disease. However, they exhibit limitations in terms of stability and targeted delivery. As several studies demonstrate, the encapsulation of the probiotics, as well as the synthetic drug, into micro- and nanoparticles of organic materials offers great potential to solve this problem. They resist the harsh conditions of the upper GIT portions and, thus, protect the probiotic and drug inside, allowing for the delivery of adequate amounts directly into the colon. An overview of UC and CD, the benefits of the use of probiotics, and the potential of micro- and nanoencapsulation technologies to improve IBD treatment are presented. This review sheds light on the remarkable potential of nano- and microparticles loaded with probiotics as a novel and efficient strategy for managing IBD. Nonetheless, further investigations and clinical trials are warranted to validate their long-term safety and efficacy, paving the way for a new era in IBD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvio André Lopes
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (S.A.L.); (J.L.D.); (L.D.D.F.); (V.M.B.C.); (F.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (S.A.L.); (J.L.D.); (L.D.D.F.); (V.M.B.C.); (F.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Leonardo Delello Di Filippo
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (S.A.L.); (J.L.D.); (L.D.D.F.); (V.M.B.C.); (F.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Vinícius Martinho Borges Cardoso
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (S.A.L.); (J.L.D.); (L.D.D.F.); (V.M.B.C.); (F.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (S.A.L.); (J.L.D.); (L.D.D.F.); (V.M.B.C.); (F.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (S.A.L.); (J.L.D.); (L.D.D.F.); (V.M.B.C.); (F.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (S.A.L.); (J.L.D.); (L.D.D.F.); (V.M.B.C.); (F.R.P.); (M.C.)
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27
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Isaac P, Bohl LP, Romero CM, Rodríguez Berdini L, Breser ML, De Lillo MF, Orellano MS, Calvinho LF, Porporatto C. Teat-apex colonizer Bacillus from healthy cows antagonizes mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Res Vet Sci 2023; 163:104968. [PMID: 37573647 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent causal agent of bovine mastitis, which is largely responsible for milk production losses worldwide. The pathogen's ability to form stable biofilms facilitates intramammary colonization and may explain disease persistence. This virulence factor is also highly influential in the development of chronic intramammary infections refractory to antimicrobial therapy, which is why novel therapies that can tackle multiple targets are necessary. Since udder microbiota have important implications in mastitis pathogenesis, they offer opportunities to develop alternative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Here, we observed that a Bacillus strain from the teat apex of lactating cows was associated to reduce colonization by S. aureus. The strain, identified as Bacillus sp. H21, was able to antagonize in-formation or mature S. aureus biofilms associated to intramammary infections without affecting cell viability. When exploring the metabolite responsible for this activity, we found that a widespread class of Bacillus exopolysaccharide, levan, eliminated the pathogenic biofilm under evaluated conditions. Moreover, levan had no cytotoxic effects on bovine cellular lines at the biologically active concentration range, which demonstrates its potential for pathogen control. Our results indicate that commensal Bacillus may counteract S. aureus-induced mastitis, and could therefore be used in novel biotechnological strategies to prevent and/or treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Isaac
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Paola Bohl
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia Mariana Romero
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Lucía Rodríguez Berdini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Breser
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Florencia De Lillo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Orellano
- Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Donostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain; POLYMAT, Donostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Luis Fernando Calvinho
- Departamento de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Xiao G, Lai Q, Li G, Wang S, Lin Y, Shao Z, Hu Z. Bacillus changyiensis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37830792 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated CLL-3-40T and CLL-7-23, were isolated from coastal sediment sampled in Changyi, Shandong Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to the genus Bacillus and close to six type strains of species within the Bacillus licheniformis group. In phenotypic characterization tests, strain CLL-3-40T could grow at 15-50 °C (optimum, 37 °C) and in media with pH 5-9 (optimum pH 7.0), and tolerate up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl. The fermentation broth supernatant extracted by ethyl acetate of strain CLL-3-40T could inhibit aquaculture pathogenic vibrios. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CLL-3-40T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (30.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (31.5 %); the peptidoglycan from cell-wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; the predominant quinone was menaquinone 7; and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values and average nucleotide identities among strains CLL-3-40T and CLL-7-23 and their close type strains were less than 21.9 and 48.4 %, respectively, thereby indicating that strain CLL-3-40T should represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 38.4 mol% in strain CLL-3-40T and 38.3 mol% in strain CLL-7-23. The 12 biosynthetic gene clusters of strain CLL-3-40T were predicted based on results from the online server antiSMASH. Based upon the consensus of phenotypic and genotypic results, strain CLL-3-40T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus changyiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CLL-3-40T (= MCCC 1A14857T=JCM 35755T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Xiao
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Qiliang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yunyong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
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Tian Y, Zhang J, Li F, Wang A, Yang Z, Li J. Dietary supplementation with different alternative to in-feed antibiotic improves growth performance of broilers during specific phases. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102919. [PMID: 37494806 PMCID: PMC10393815 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of substituting Bacillus subtilis, Astragalus membranaceus, and enzymes for aureomycin to improve the growth performance of broilers during specific phases were studied to develop alternatives to in-feed antibiotics and decrease drug residues in meat food and antibiotic resistance. Six hundred one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Broilers in the control group were supplied with basal diets (CT), and those in the remaining 4 groups were supplied with feed containing aureomycin premix (AU), B. subtilis powder (BS), A. membranaceus root powder (AM), and enzyme compound powder (EN), respectively. Compared to the control group, broilers in the other groups exhibited better growth performance during different phases. Microbial analysis of cecal contents suggested that treatment with BS or EN significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria but inhibited Escherichia coli or Clostridium welchii; however, these bacteria were suppressed by AU treatment except C. welchii. The digestibility of the feed in vitro was significantly enhanced by adding BS or EN to the feed, consistent with findings for growth performance. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 3 additives could improve the growth performance of broilers during specific phases. Future studies should focus on designing suitable schedules to partially replace in-feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Tian
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Research and Development Center of Shandong Soocom Animal Remedy Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Anguo Wang
- Research and Development Center of Shandong Soocom Animal Remedy Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Shandong Institute of Modern Chinese Veterinary Medicine Industry Development, Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Jianxi Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Pechrkong T, Incharoen T, Hwanhlem N, Kaewkong W, Subsoontorn P, Tartrakoon W, Numthuam S, Jiménez G, Charoensook R. Effect of Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 T supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune-related gene expression, and gut microbiome in Barbary ducks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102991. [PMID: 37611452 PMCID: PMC10466923 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112T supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune-related gene expression, and the cecal microbiota of meat ducks. A total of 150 one-day-old male Barbary ducks were divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates (n = 10 ducks per replicate) by completely randomized design and offered diets supplemented with the commercial product Toyocerin (containing 1 × 109B. toyonensis BCT-7112T viable spores/g product) at the levels of 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg (0, 500, or 1,000 ppm), respectively, for 8 wk. The results showed that although ducks in the 500 ppm B. toyonensis BCT-7112T group displayed numerically better values (e.g., weight gain and feed conversion ratio) than those in the control group, the growth performance of ducks fed diets supplemented with B. toyonensis BCT-7112T did not differ significantly from that of the control group (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the intestinal mucosal morphology of ducks across the experimental groups (P > 0.05). However, ducks in the 500 ppm B. toyonensis BCT-7112T group showed a trend of greater values, for example, villus height per crypt depth of duodenum (P = 0.16) and ileum (P = 0.12) compared with those in the control group. The relative expression of immune-related genes, for example, interferon (IFN) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the meat duck spleen was significantly lower in both B. toyonensis BCT-7112T groups at 14 d and 35 d than in the control group (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis of the cecal microbiota of ducks in either the 500 ppm or the 1,000 ppm B. toyonensis BCT-7112T group showed to have higher diversity than that in the control group, where at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was the most abundant, followed by Firmicutes, and at the genus level, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Ruminococcaceae were the top 3 most abundant genera. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that 500 ppm supplementation with B. toyonensis BCT-7112T in duck diets can reduce proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, improve immunological function, and increase the variety of microbial communities in the ceca of meat-type ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitima Pechrkong
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Tossaporn Incharoen
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Noraphat Hwanhlem
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Worasak Kaewkong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Subsoontorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wandee Tartrakoon
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Numthuam
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Rangsun Charoensook
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 65000 Phitsanulok, Thailand.
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Deng F, Chen Y, Xiao H, Yao C, Chen J, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Chen J, Deng Y, Wen J. Bacillus pfraonensis sp. nov., a new strain isolated from a probiotic feed additive with low cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104090. [PMID: 37356781 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic products containing living microorganisms are gaining popularity, increasing the importance of their taxonomic status. A Bacillus-like isolate, 70 b, cultured from a probiotic feed additive, was ambiguity in taxonomic assignment and could be a novel member of Bacillus cereus group. The results of colony and cellular morphology, physiological and biochemical analysis mainly including growth performance, carbon source utilization, and rMLST and MLST were not conclusive. Fatty acids profile and molecular genetic analysis especially ANI, DDH, and core genome SNPs-based phylogenetic tree confirmed 70 b as one novel species of B. cereus group and proposed as Bacillus pfraonensis sp. nov. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the genetic differences between 70 b and other species of B. cereus group. Pseudomycoicidin was identified in 70 b. 70 b was active against multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains MRSA. The findings support 70 b is a novel species with low cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity, and provides a better understanding of its unique characteristics and probiotic potential, and exploration of bioactive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengru Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huiying Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chuying Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuanting Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yapei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiahang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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Cappellozza BI, Segura A, Milora N, Galschioet C, Schjelde M, Copani G. Stability of Bacillus and Enterococcus faecium 669 Probiotic Strains When Added to Different Feed Matrices Used in Dairy Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2350. [PMID: 37508127 PMCID: PMC10375954 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Few data are available evaluating the stability of direct-fed microbials (DFM) following their inclusion in different feed matrices. Therefore, six Exp. evaluated the recovery of bacilli spores (BOVACILLUSTM; Exp. 1 to 3) and an Enterococcus faecium DFM (LACTIFERM®; Exp. 4 to 6) when included in different feed preparations. The Bacillus-based DFM was included into pelleted feed prepared in different temperatures (75 to 95 °C), whereas both DFM were assessed in premix and milk replacer preparations. Bacillus spores and E. faecium recovery was evaluated through standard methodologies and data were reported as log10 colony forming units/gram of feed. The recovery of Bacillus spores was within the expected range and was not impacted by the temperature of pellet preparation (Exp. 1). Bacilli recovery was also stable up to 12 months in the premix and was not impacted by the temperature of milk replacer preparation. Regarding the Exp. with E. faecium (Exp. 4 to 6), its recoveries in the mineral premix and milk powder did not differ from T0 and were not impacted by the conditions of milk replacer preparation. These data are novel and demonstrate the stability of a Bacillus-based and an E. faecium-based DFM when included in different feed matrices often used in dairy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno I Cappellozza
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Audrey Segura
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Nina Milora
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Christel Galschioet
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Mette Schjelde
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Copani
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
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Chen X, Zhou X, Li S, Zhang H, Liu Z. Effects of tea residues-fermented feed on production performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, caecal microbiota, and ammonia emissions of laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1195074. [PMID: 37426079 PMCID: PMC10325031 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1195074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to assess the effects of tea residues-fermented feed (TR-fermented feed) on production performance, egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity, caecal microbiota, and ammonia emissions of laying hens. A total of 1,296 Lohmann laying hens have randomly distributed four groups with six parallels and fed with diets TR-fermented feed at the rates of 0 (control), 1, 3, and 5%. The inclusion of 1% (TR)-fermented feed resulted in a significant increase in egg-laying rate and average egg weight of birds, and a reduction in the feed-to-egg ratio when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The addition of 1 and 3% of (TR)-fermented feed significantly improved the Haugh unit of eggs (p < 0.05). The eggshell thickness was observed to increase by almost one-fold upon the inclusion of 3 and 5% (TR)-fermented feed in the basal diet (p < 0.05). The supplementation of 3% (TR)-fermented feed significantly increased the content of methionine, tyrosine, proline, essential amino acids (EAA), alpha linoleic acid (C18:3n6), docosanoic acid (C22:0), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3), twenty-three carbonic acids (C23:0), ditetradecenoic acid (C24:1) and total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑ω-3 PUFA) in the eggs (p < 0.05). The addition of a certain amount of (TR)-fermented feed can enhance the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in chicken serum, and reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). The ammonia concentration in the hen house of laying hens in the treatment groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the main phyla in the cecal bacterial community, were differentially abundant in each group, comprising greater than 55 and 33%, respectively. Collectively, this research indicates that (TR)-fermented feed supplementation improves the performance of laying hens and reduces ammonia emissions and can be used in industry-scale layer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Chen
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinhong Zhou
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaidan Zhang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenkun Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Wanzhou, China
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Liu L, Li L, Li C, Wang H, Zhang X, Ren Q, Zhang H, Jin N, Li C, Zhao C. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658 Supplementation on the Production, Meat Quality, Intestinal Morphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broilers Chickens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1549. [PMID: 37375050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of L. plantarum LPJZ-658 on the production, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of broilers. White-feathered broilers (1 day old, n = 600) were randomly assigned to two groups and raised for six weeks. The individuals in the LPJZ-658 group were supplemented with 2.6 × 109 cfu/g LPJZ-658. The growth performance, meat quality, intestinal epithelium morphology, and cecal microbiota were observed. The results showed that the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers in the LPJZ-658 group were significantly improved. In addition, the LPJZ-658 groups had a higher thigh muscle (TM) yield, TM color, TMpH24h, breast muscle (BM) pH24h, and BM color24h, while the BM cooking loss was significantly lower than the CON group. Moreover, supplementation with LPJZ-658 increased ileum and cecum length, duodenum and ileum villus height, and ileum villus height/crypt depth ratio. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the dietary LPJZ-658 supplementation modulated the diversity and composition of cecal microflora. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Acidobacteriota were significantly higher. In addition, LPJZ-658 substantially decreased the genus relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Haemophilus compared with the CON group and facilitated the growth and colonization of beneficial cecal bacteria, such as OBacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Bacillus, and Akkermansia. It was concluded that LPJZ-658 supplementation significantly increased growth production, improved meat quality and intestinal status, and modulated the intestinal microbiota in the broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Qingdan Ren
- Jilin Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
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Qin G, Zhao Y, Gan Y, Yu X, Zhao Y, Peng H, Fang S. Alterations in gene expressions of Caco-2 cell responses to LPS and ploy(I:C) stimulation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15459. [PMID: 37304876 PMCID: PMC10257391 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium barrier serves as a highly dynamic immunologic frontier in the defense against invading pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Hence, understanding of the complicated underlying relationship between enteric pathogens and the intestinal epithelium barrier is vital for developing strategies to improve the intestinal health of farm animals. To this end, Caco-2 cells were stimulated by 1 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h and 5 µg/ml polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (ploy(I:C)) for 4 h to imitate bacterial and viral infection processes, respectively. The specific alterations in gene expression of Caco-2 cells after stimulation were characterized by transcriptome sequencing. Seventy differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under LPS exposure, and 17 DEGs were observed under ploy(I:C) exposure. We found that most DEGs were specific, and only one common DEG SPAG7 was observed. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation analysis indicated that all DEGs identified in the different treatments were mainly derived from GO terms related to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Moreover, specific DEGs such as SLC39A10, MT2A, and MT1E regulated by LPS treatment, while IFIT2 and RUNX2 mediated by ploy(I:C) treatment, which are derived from immune function modulation related GO terms, were confirmed by both transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR. In addition, both transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR results verified that LPS specifically down-regulated the DEGs INHBE and ARF6, which are involved in inflammation responses related to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway including the TGF-beta signaling pathways and the Ras signaling pathway. Ploy(I:C) uniquely suppressed the DEGs GABARAP and LAMTOR3, which participated in viral replication-associated pathways including autophagy and mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qin
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhao
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yating Gan
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Chen H, Sun X, He H, Ren H, Duan H, Zhang C, Chang Q, Zhang R, Ge J. Lysinibacillus capsici 38,328 isolated from agricultural soils as a promising probiotic candidate for intestinal health. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:251. [PMID: 37249701 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of spore-forming Bacillus spp. as probiotic ingredients on the market. However, probiotics Bacillus species are insufficient, and more safe Bacillus species were required. In the study, traditional fermented foods and soil samples were collected from more than ten provinces in China, and 506 Bacillus were selected from 109 samples. Using the optimized procedure, we screened nine strains, which successfully passed the acid, alkali, bile salt, and trypsin resistance test. Drug sensitivity test results showed that three Bacillus out of the nine isolates exhibited antibiotic sensitivity to more than 29 antibiotics. The three strains sensitive to antibiotics were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA, recA, and gyrB gene analysis, two isolates (38,327 and 38,328) belong to the species Lysinibacillus capsici and one isolate (37,326) belong to Bacillus halotolerans. Moreover, the three strains were confirmed safe through animal experiments. Finally, L. capsici 38,327 and 38,328 showed protections in the Salmonella typhimurium infection mouse model, which slowed down weight loss, reduced bacterial load, and improved antioxidant capacity. Altogether, our data demonstrated that selected L. capsici strains can be used as novel probiotics for intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huilin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongkun Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haoyuan Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chuankun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingru Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Di Giácomo AL, Azcurra LN, García GR, Dogi CA, González Pereyra ML. Safety assessment of surfactin-producing Bacillus strains and their lipopeptides extracts in vitro and in vivo. J Basic Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37154196 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial Bacillus strains can be administered to livestock as probiotics to improve animal health. Cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus such as surfactins may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of the present study was to isolate and evaluate the biocompatibility of native Bacillus spp. strains and their surfactin-like lipopeptides in vitro and in vivo to determine their potential to be used on animals. Biocompatibility of endospore suspensions (108 UFC/mL), and different dilutions (1:10; 1:50; 1:100; 1:500, and 1:1000) of Bacillus lipopeptide extracts containing surfactin was tested on Caco-2 cells by microculture tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Genotoxicity was tested on BALB/c mice (n = 6) administered 0.2 mL of endospore suspensions by the bone marrow erythrocyte micronuclei assay. All the isolates tested produced between 26.96 and 239.97 µg mL- 1 of surfactin. The lipopeptide extract (LPE) from isolate MFF1.11 demonstrated significant cytotoxicity in vitro. In contrast, LPE from MFF 2.2; MFF 2.7, TL1.11, TL 2.5, and TC12 had no cytotoxic effect (V% > 70%) on Caco-2 cells, not affecting cell viability signifficantly in most treatments. Similarly, none of the endospore suspensions affected cell viability (V% > 80%). Likewise, endospores did not cause genotoxicity on BALB/c mice. This study was elementary as a first step for a new line of research, since it allowed us to choose the safest isolates to keep working on the search of new potentially probiotic strains destined to production animals to improve their performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Di Giácomo
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias (INCIVET-CONICET-UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lorena N Azcurra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gisela R García
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias (INCIVET-CONICET-UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia A Dogi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias (INCIVET-CONICET-UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María L González Pereyra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias (INCIVET-CONICET-UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Devi V, Harjai K, Chhibber S. Repurposing prokaryotic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas adaptive immune system to combat antimicrobial resistance. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:443-459. [PMID: 37317864 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite achieving unparalleled progress in the field of science and technology, the global health community is still threatened by the looming pressure of infectious diseases. One of the greatest challenges is the rise in infections by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The misuse of antibiotics has led to the present circumstances, and there is seemingly no solution. There is imminent pressure to develop new antibacterial therapies to curb the rise and spread of multidrug resistance. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas, having immense potential as a gene-editing tool, has gained considerable attention as an alternative antibacterial therapy. Strategies, aiming to either eliminate pathogenic strains or to restore sensitivity to antibiotics, are the main focus of research. This review deals with the development of CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials and their delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Stewart J, Pavic A. Advances in enteropathogen control throughout the meat chicken production chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2346-2407. [PMID: 37038302 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogens, namely Salmonella and Campylobacter, are a concern in global public health and have been attributed in numerous risk assessments to a poultry source. During the last decade, a large body of research addressing this problem has been published. The literature reviewed contains review articles on certain aspects of poultry production chain; however, in the past decade there has not been a review on the entire chain-farm to fork-of poultry production. For this review, a pool of 514 articles were selected for relevance via a systematic screening process (from >7500 original search articles). These studies identified a diversity of management and intervention strategies for the elimination or reduction of enteropathogens in poultry production. Many studies were laboratory or limited field trials with implementation in true commercial operations being problematic. Entities considering using commercial antienteropathogen products and interventions are advised to perform an internal validation and fit-for-purpose trial as Salmonella and Campylobacter serovars and biovars may have regional diversity. Future research should focus on nonchemical application within the processing plant and how a combination of synergisticinterventions through the production chain may contribute to reducing the overall carcass burden of enteropathogens, coupled with increased consumer education on safe handling and cooking of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Stewart
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Pavic
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
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Sudan S, Fletcher L, Zhan X, Dingle S, Patterson R, Huber LA, Friendship R, Kiarie EG, Li J. Comparative efficacy of a novel Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic and pharmacological zinc oxide on growth performance and gut responses in nursery pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4659. [PMID: 36949225 PMCID: PMC10033705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a novel Bacillus subtilis probiotic in improving growth performance and gut responses in comparison to pharmacological zinc oxide (ZnO) in nursery pigs. A total of 96 piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: Negative control (NC), Positive control (PC, 3000 mg Zn /kg feed), B.subtilis low dose (BS9-L, 2 × 107 CFU/pig) and B.subtilis high dose (BS9-H, 2 × 109 CFU/pig). Growth performance, diarrhea rate, gut mucosal gene expression and fecal microbial populations were evaluated. B.subtilis administration did not improve piglet bodyweight. BS9-L showed (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) in Period 2 (D14-D28). BS9 groups had (P < 0.001) lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Period 2 (D14-D28) and overall. Like the ZnO-group, BS9 groups had lower (P < 0.01) diarrhea rate. A significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fecal E. coli, total coliforms, and an increase in lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. in BS9 groups was observed. BS9 group had reduced (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of intestinal IL-8 and higher levels of MUC-1 and occludin and TJP-1 compared to negative control. These findings suggest that probiotic BS9, may promote growth performance, and ameliorate various indicators of intestinal health in piglets. Hence, it may serve as a prospective alternative to ZnO growth promoter in commercial swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sudan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Fletcher
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoshu Zhan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Serena Dingle
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Cao G, Zhou X, Wang Q, Fu A, Zhan X. Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 attenuates Clostridium perfringens-induced intestinal damage of broilers by modulating intestinal microbiota and the metabolome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1138903. [PMID: 37007491 PMCID: PMC10060821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1138903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), especially subclinical NE (SNE), without clinical symptoms, in chicks has become one of the most threatening problems to the poultry industry. Therefore, increasing attention has been focused on the research and application of effective probiotic strains as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent SNE in broilers. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 (BS) on the prevention of subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE) in broilers. A total of 480 1-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, each with six replicates pens of twenty birds for 63 d. The negative (Ctr group) and positive (SNE group) groups were only fed a basal diet, while the two treatment groups received basal diets supplemented with BS (1 × 109 colony-forming units BS/kg) (BS group) and 10mg/kg enramycin (ER group), respectively. On days 15, birds except those in the Ctr group were challenged with 20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine, and then with 1 ml of C. perfringens (2 × 108) at days 18 to 21 for SNE induction. BS, similar to ER, effectively attenuated CP-induced poor growth performance. Moreover, BS pretreatment increased villi height, claudin-1 expression, maltase activity, and immunoglobulin abundance, while decreasing lesional scores, as well as mucosal IFN-γ and TNF-α concentrations. In addition, BS pretreatment increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreased that of pathogenic species; many lipid metabolites were enriched in the cecum of treated chickens. These results suggest that BS potentially provides active ingredients that may serve as an antibiotic substitute, effectively preventing SNE-induced growth decline by enhancing intestinal health in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xihong Zhou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Yancheng Biological Engineering Higher Vocational Technology School, Yancheng, China
| | - Aikun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuan Zhan, ; Aikun Fu,
| | - Xiuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuan Zhan, ; Aikun Fu,
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Wróbel M, Śliwakowski W, Kowalczyk P, Kramkowski K, Dobrzyński J. Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by the Genus Bacillus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20064964. [PMID: 36981874 PMCID: PMC10049623 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with heavy metals is one of the major problems caused by human activity. Bioremediation is an effective and eco-friendly approach that can reduce heavy metal contamination in the environment. Bioremediation agents include bacteria of the genus Bacillus, among others. The best-described species in terms of the bioremediation potential of Bacillus spp. Are B. subtilis, B. cereus, or B. thuringiensis. This bacterial genus has several bioremediation strategies, including biosorption, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-mediated biosorption, bioaccumulation, or bioprecipitation. Due to the above-mentioned strategies, Bacillus spp. strains can reduce the amounts of metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, arsenic or nickel in the environment. Moreover, strains of the genus Bacillus can also assist phytoremediation by stimulating plant growth and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the soil. Therefore, Bacillus spp. is one of the best sustainable solutions for reducing heavy metals from various environments, especially soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wróbel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Śliwakowski
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1 Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Dobrzyński
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
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Roles of Essential Oils, Polyphenols, and Saponins of Medicinal Plants as Natural Additives and Anthelmintics in Ruminant Diets: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040767. [PMID: 36830554 PMCID: PMC9951870 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Public awareness on health and safety issues in using antibiotics for livestock production has led many countries to ban the use of all growth-promoting antibiotics (GPA) for livestock feeding. The ban on the utilization of antibiotics in livestock, on the other hand, is an opportunity for researchers and livestock practitioners to develop alternative feed additives that are safe for both livestock and the consumers of animal derived foods. Many feed additives were developed from a number of plants that contain secondary metabolites, such as essential oils, polyphenols, and saponins. These secondary metabolites are extracted from various parts of many types of plants for their uses as feed additives and anthelmintics. Recent investigations on using essential oils, polyphenols, and saponins as dietary additives and anthelmintics demonstrate that they can increase not only the production and health of ruminants but also ensure the safety of the resulting foods. There are many publications on the advantageous impacts of dietary plant bioactive components on ruminants; however, a comprehensive review on individual bioactive constituents of each plant secondary metabolites along with their beneficial effects as feed additives and anthelmintics on ruminants is highly required. This current study reviewed the individual bioactive components of different plant secondary metabolites and their functions as additives and anthelmintics to improve ruminant production and health, with respect to safety, affordability and efficiency, using a systematic review procedure.
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Han Y, Xu X, Wang J, Cai H, Li D, Zhang H, Yang P, Meng K. Dietary Bacillus licheniformis shapes the foregut microbiota, improving nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in broiler chickens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1113072. [PMID: 36846755 PMCID: PMC9950405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is considered a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters of animal growth and health. However, the effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the foregut and hindgut microbiota, and their relationships with nutrient digestion and health, in broiler chickens remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the effects of Bacillus licheniformis BCG on intestinal digestion and absorption, tight junctions, inflammation, and the fore- and hind-gut microbiota. We randomly assigned 240 1-day-old male AA broilers into three treatment groups: CT (basal diet), BCG1 (basal diet + 1.0 × 108 CFU/kg B. licheniformis BCG), and BCG2 (basal diet + 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg B. licheniformis BCG). On day 42, the jejunal and ileal chyme and mucosa were subjected to analysis of digestive enzyme activity, nutrient transporters, tight junctions, and signaling molecules associated with inflammation. The ileal and cecal chyme were subjected to microbiota analysis. Compared with the CT group, the B. licheniformis BCG group showed significantly greater jejunal and ileal α-amylase, maltase, and sucrase activity; moreover, the α-amylase activity in the BCG2 group was higher than that in the BCG1 group (P < 0.05). The transcript abundance of FABP-1 and FATP-1 in the BCG2 group was significantly greater than that in the CT and BCG1 groups, and the GLUT-2 and LAT-1 relative mRNA levels were greater in the BCG2 group than the CT group (P < 0.05). Dietary B. licheniformis BCG resulted in significantly higher ileal occludin, and lower IL-8 and TLR-4 mRNA levels than observed in the CT group (P < 0.05). B. licheniformis BCG supplementation significantly decreased bacterial community richness and diversity in the ileum (P < 0.05). Dietary B. licheniformis BCG shaped the ileac microbiota by increasing the prevalence of f_Sphingomonadaceae, Sphingomonas, and Limosilactobacillus, and contributed to nutrient digestion and absorption; moreover, it enhanced the intestinal barrier by increasing the prevalence of f_Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus. Dietary B. licheniformis BCG decreased microbial community diversity by diminishing Desulfovibrio, Alistipes, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli-Shigella levels, and down-regulating inflammatory associated molecule expression. Therefore, dietary B. licheniformis BCG contributed to digestion and absorption of nutrients, enhanced the intestinal physical barrier, and decreased intestinal inflammation in broilers by decreasing microbial diversity and optimizing the microbiota structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Hongying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Daojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Chengde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengde, China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China,Peilong Yang,
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China,*Correspondence: Kun Meng,
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45
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Zhang Y, Mo R, Sun S, Cui Z, Liang B, Li E, Wang T, Feng Y, Yang S, Yan F, Zhao Y, Xia X. Bacillus subtilis vector based oral rabies vaccines induced potent immune response and protective efficacy in mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126533. [PMID: 36846792 PMCID: PMC9948087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rabies is a worldwide epidemic that poses a serious threat to global public health. At present, rabies in domestic dogs, cats, and some pets can be effectively prevented and controlled by intramuscular injection of rabies vaccine. But for some inaccessible animals, especially stray dogs, and wild animals, it is difficult to prevent with intramuscular injection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective oral rabies vaccine. Methods We constructed recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) expressing two different strains of rabies virus G protein, named CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G, immunogenicity was studied in mice. Results The results showed that CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G could significantly increase the specific SIgA titers in feces, serum IgG titers, and neutralizing antibodies. ELISpot experiments showed that CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G could also induce Th1 and Th2 to mediate the secretion of immune-related IFN-γ and IL-4. Collectively, our results suggested that recombinant B. subtilis CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G have excellent immunogenicity and are expected to be novel oral vaccine candidates for the prevention and control of wild animal rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Northeast Forestry University College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Harbin, China,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruo Mo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhanding Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,Feihu Yan,✉
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,Yongkun Zhao,✉
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Northeast Forestry University College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Harbin, China,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Xianzhu Xia,✉
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Ren S, Guo L, Chen Z, Hrabchenko N, Wu J, Yu J. Mechanisms and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 36740713 PMCID: PMC9901120 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can improve animal health by regulating intestinal flora balance, improving the structure of the intestinal mucosa, and enhancing intestinal barrier function. At present, the use of probiotics has been a research hotspot in prevention and treatment of different diseases at home and abroad. This review has summarized the researchers and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases, and elaborated the relevant mechanisms of probiotics, which aims to provide a reference for probiotics better applications to the prevention and treatment of swine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Fei Liu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Hao Zeng
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Sufang Ren
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Lihui Guo
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Nataliia Hrabchenko
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China ,grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Jiang Yu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
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Hu H, Wu C, Ge F, Ren Y, Li W, Li J. Poly-γ-glutamic acid-producing Bacillus velezensis fermentation can improve the feed properties of soybean meal. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Effect of Tea Saponins on Rumen Microbiota and Rumen Function in Qinchuan Beef Cattle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020374. [PMID: 36838339 PMCID: PMC9963011 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics can promote livestock growth but have side effects, so the search for safe and effective alternatives to antibiotics is urgent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing cattle feed with tea saponins on ruminal bacteria and fungi. Sixteen Qinchuan beef cattle with a live body weight of 250 ± 10 kg were divided into four groups (four animals in each group) using a completely randomized experimental design. Four different levels of tea saponins were provided to the Qinchuan cattle as treatments, including 0 g/cattle per day control, CON), 10 g/cattle per day (low-level, LT), 20 g/cattle per day (medium-level, MT) and 30 g/cattle per day (high-level, HT). The pre-feeding period was 10 days and the official period was 80 days in this experiment. After 90 days of feeding, the rumen fluid from sixteen Qinchuan beef cattle was collected using an oral stomach tube for evaluating changes in ruminal microbiota and rumen fermentation parameters. Results indicate that the total VFAs and proportions of propionate in the LT group was significantly higher than that in the CON and HT groups (p < 0.05). For ruminal bacteria, results indicate that the Chao1 index of the MT group was significantly lower than the CON and HT groups (p < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were found to be the most abundant in all treatment groups, with the LT group having significantly increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Ascomycota at the phylum level (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Bacteroides was found to be relatively lower in the LT, MT and HT treatment groups compared with the CON treatment group at the genus level (p < 0.05). For ruminal fungi, the LT treatment group was found to have higher relative abundances of Saccharomyces and Aspergillus, and lower relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Bacteroides at the at the phylum level (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON treatment group, a significant increase in the relative abundance of Saccharomyces and Aspergillus were observed in the LT treatment group at the genus level (p < 0.05). PICRUSt analyses identified pathways associated with Xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism and glycolysisIII to be significantly enriched in the LT and HT treatment groups (p < 0.05). These findings could provide insights on how tea saponins may influence ruminal bacteria and fungi, providing a theoretical basis for replacing antibiotics with tea saponins for promoting growth in cattle.
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020274. [PMID: 36830185 PMCID: PMC9952301 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health problems. The imprudent use of antibiotics in humans and animals has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The dissemination of these strains and their resistant determinants could endanger antibiotic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides insights into the evolution and the mechanisms of AMR. Additionally, it discusses alternative approaches that might be used to control AMR, including probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides, small molecules, organic acids, essential oils, bacteriophage, fecal transplants, and nanoparticles.
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Chen J, Cai J, Lin J, Cheng Z, Long M. Inhibitory Effects of Bacillus Coagulans TL3 on the Ileal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rats. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:84. [PMID: 36680608 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of Bacillus coagulans TL3 (B. coagulans TL3) on ileal inflammatory injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Animal models were established wherein male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, an LPS group, a high-concentration B. coagulans (HBC) group, and a low-concentration B. coagulans (LBC) group. The results showed that the biochemical indices changed, significant pathological changes were found, the number of apoptotic cells increased in the ileal tissue of the LPS group rats; the protein expressions of NFκB, MYD88, TLR4, TNF-α, Il-6, IL-1β, Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 in the LPS group were significantly decreased. The biochemical indices, pathological changes, and protein expressions in rats subjected to intragastric administration with high or low concentrations of B. coagulans TL3, were significantly reversed compared with the LPS group. These results indicated that TL3 strain could protect rats against ileal oxidative stress and inflammation induced by LPS and the protective mechanism was related to inhibition of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) / myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Cai
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiaxi Lin
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ziyang Cheng
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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