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Zhang Q, Xiang S, Chen X, Rong Y, Huang L, Chen Z, Yao K, Chen W, Deng C, Wang J. Irisin attenuates acute glaucoma-induced neuroinflammation by activating microglia-integrin αVβ5/AMPK and promoting autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112545. [PMID: 38955026 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, characterized by microglial activation and the release of multiple inflammatory mediators, is a key factor in acute glaucomatous injury leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and ultimately irreversible vision loss. Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in ischemia/reperfusion injuries across multiple organs and has displayed a significant neuroprotective role in experimental stroke disease models. This study examined the protective impact of irisin and investigated its potential mechanism involved in this process utilizing an acute ocular hypertension (AOH)-induced retinal injury model in mice and a microglia inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). There was a transient downregulation of irisin in the retina after AOH injury, with parallel emergence of retinal neuroinflammation and RGC death. Irisin attenuated retinal and optic nerve damage and promotes the phenotypic conversion of microglia from M1 to M2. Mechanistically, irisin significantly upregulated the expression of integrin αVβ5, p-AMPK, and autophagy-related markers. Integrin αVβ5 was highly expressed on microglia but hardly expressed on RGC. The integrin αVβ5 inhibitor cilengitide, the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin, and the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) blocked the neuroprotective effects of irisin. Our results suggest irisin attenuates acute glaucoma-induced neuroinflammation and RGC death by activating integrin αVβ5/AMPK in microglia and promoting autophagy. It should be considered a potential neuroprotective therapy for acute glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Sifei Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yan Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chaohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Rahman MM, Hwang SM, Go EJ, Kim YH, Park CK. Irisin alleviates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by modulating macrophage polarization and spinal glial cell activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117157. [PMID: 39042964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the potent anti-inflammatory effects of irisin have been documented in various inflammatory disorders, its efficacy against inflammatory pain remains unexplored. Herein, we examined the therapeutic effects of irisin in a mouse model of inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mice were divided into three groups: normal control, CFA-injected (CFA), and CFA plus irisin-treated (CFA+Irisin). The irisin-treated group exhibited a gradual reduction in mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia when compared with the CFA group. Moreover, treatment with irisin significantly upregulated the expression of M2 macrophage markers (interleukin [IL]-4 and IL-10) and downregulated M1 macrophage markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the local paw tissue, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal cord tissue. However, there was no significant difference in the total number of F4/80+ macrophages in the paw tissue and dorsal root ganglion, indicating phenotypic exchange. Treatment with irisin also downregulated the expression of the glial cell activation-related markers Iba-1 and GFAP in the spinal cord tissue. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we detected the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in paw tissues, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal tissues, revealing that irisin could downregulate the expression of these proteins. Irisin alleviated inflammatory pain by modulating local tissue inflammation and peripheral and central neuroinflammation and reducing glial cell activation and M2 macrophage polarization by modulating the TLR4-MyD88-IRF5 signaling pathway. Accordingly, irisin is a promising candidate for treating inflammatory pain in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Go
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea.
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Grzeszczuk M, Mrozowska M, Kmiecik A, Rusak A, Jabłońska K, Ciesielska U, Dzięgiel P, Nowińska K. The Effect of Hypoxia on Irisin Expression in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes. In Vivo 2024; 38:2126-2133. [PMID: 39187335 PMCID: PMC11363745 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2019, 523 million people were diagnosed with CVD, with 18.6 million deaths. Improved treatment and diagnostics could reduce CVD's impact. Irisin (Ir) is crucial for heart function and may be a biomarker for heart attack. Ir is a glycoprotein with sugar residues attached to its protein structure. This glycosylation affects Ir stability, solubility, and receptor interactions on target cells. Its secondary structure includes a fibronectin type III domain, essential for its biological functions. Ir helps cardiomyocytes to respond to hypoxia and protects mitochondria. The aim of the study was to determine the FNDC5 gene expression level and the Ir level in HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effect of hypoxia on the expression levels of the FNDC5 gene and those of Ir in mouse cardiomyocytes of the HL-1 cell line. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to estimate the expression levels of the FNDC5 gene. Western blot and immunofluorescence methods were used to analyze the Ir protein levels. RESULTS Analyses showed an increased Ir level in HL-1 cardiomyocytes in response to hypoxia. This is the first study to confirm the presence of Ir in HL-1 cells. CONCLUSION The observed increase in Ir expression in murine cardiomyocytes is associated with the hypoxic environment and can be potentially used to diagnose hypoxia and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grzeszczuk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Kmiecik
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jabłońska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Ciesielska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowińska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhang QX, Zhang LJ, Zhao N, Yang L. Irisin in ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and depression: a Narrative Review. Brain Res 2024; 1845:149192. [PMID: 39214327 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Irisin is a glycosylated protein formed from the hydrolysis of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin is widely involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that Irisin can inhibit inflammation, restrain oxidative stress and have neuroprotective effects, which suggests that Irisin may have a good therapeutic effect on central nervous system diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of Irisin in central nervous system diseases, including its signal pathways and possible mechanisms, etc. Irisin may be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
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Ozdemir-Kumral ZN, Akgün T, Haşim C, Ulusoy E, Kalpakçıoğlu MK, Yüksel MF, Okumuş T, Us Z, Akakın D, Yüksel M, Gören Z, Yeğen BÇ. Intracerebroventricular administration of the exercise hormone irisin or acute strenuous exercise alleviates epileptic seizure-induced neuroinflammation and improves memory dysfunction in rats. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:36. [PMID: 39103771 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Status epilepticus is a common and potentially life-threatening neurological emergency with a high risk for cognitive and neurobiological impairment. Our aim was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of centrally administered irisin and acute exhausting exercise against oxidative brain injury and memory dysfunction due to a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced single seizure. Male Sprague Dawley rats with intracerebroventricular (icv) cannulas were randomly divided into intraperitoneally (ip) saline-injected control and PTZ-injected (45 mg/kg) seizure groups. Both the control and PTZ groups were then treated with irisin (7.5 µg/kg, 2 µl, icv), saline (2 µl, icv) or were forced to an acute bout of strenuous exercise before the ip injection of saline (control) or PTZ. Seizures were evaluated using the Racine score. To evaluate memory performance, a passive avoidance test was performed before and after PTZ injection. Following euthanasia at the 24th hour of seizure induction, brain tissues were removed for histopathological examination and for evaluating oxidative damage, antioxidant capacity, and neurotransmitter levels. RESULTS Glutamate/GABA imbalance observed in PTZ rats was corrected by irisin administration (p < 0.001/p < 0.01), while irisin prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05 - 0.001) and replenished the antioxidant catalase and glutathione levels (p < 0.01-0.01) in the cerebral tissue, and reduced the histologically evident neuronal injury due to a single seizure (p < 0.05 - 0.01). Irisin also delayed the onset of seizures (p < 0.05) and improved memory dysfunction (p < 0.05), but did not affect the severity of seizures. The acute exhaustive swimming exercise completed before PTZ-seizure depressed glutamate level (p < 0.001), maintained the oxidant/antioxidant balance, alleviated neuronal injury (p < 0.05 - 0.01) and upregulated cerebral BDNF expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, acute high-intensity exercise or exogenously administered irisin provides neuroprotection by maintaining the balance of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and oxidant/antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarife Nigâr Ozdemir-Kumral
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basıbüyük Mah. Maltepe Basıbüyük Yolu No. 9/1, Istanbul, Maltepe, 34854, Türkiye
| | - Tuğçe Akgün
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basıbüyük Mah. Maltepe Basıbüyük Yolu No. 9/1, Istanbul, Maltepe, 34854, Türkiye
| | - Ceren Haşim
- Student at Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Ulusoy
- Student at Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | | | | | - Tunahan Okumuş
- Student at Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Us
- Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Marmara University Vocational School of Health Services, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zafer Gören
- Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Basıbüyük Mah. Maltepe Basıbüyük Yolu No. 9/1, Istanbul, Maltepe, 34854, Türkiye.
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Vaishnavi Nalla S, Jayapradha P, Lalruatmawii, Nandheeswari K, Naxine P, Vigneshwaran G, Rohilla G, Dubey I, Kushwaha S. Irisin as an emerging target in the regulation of reproductive functions in health and disease. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 353:114529. [PMID: 38643847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Germ cells are highly conserved in the gonads, nurtured to either develop into a gamete or self-renew into a stem cell reserve. Preserving the germ cell pool and protecting the reproductive organs is essential for maintaining an individual's fertility. Several factors, including a sedentary lifestyle, pollutants, hormonal disruption, drugs, and a disease condition, have been shown to impair normal reproductive function. Irisin has recently been identified as an adipomyokine involved in modulating physiological functions based on the body's metabolic status. It is being studied for its role in various functions, including fertility. Findings show the localization of irisin in various parts of the reproductive axis, with the highest levels observed during puberty and pregnancy. This raises questions about its role and function in reproduction. Studies support irisin's role in protecting against disease-induced reproductive abnormalities and infertility. Therefore, the current review focuses on how irisin influences spermatogenesis and ovarian follicular development and plays a significant role in indirectly preserving the germ cell pool by protecting the gonads against oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Vaishnavi Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - P Jayapradha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Lalruatmawii
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - K Nandheeswari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Pratik Naxine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - G Vigneshwaran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Gaurav Rohilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Itishree Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP) 226002, India.
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Sinder SB, Sharma SV, Shirvaikar IS, Pradhyumnan H, Patel SH, Cabeda Diaz I, Perez GG, Bramlett HM, Raval AP. Impact of menopause-associated frailty on traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105741. [PMID: 38621511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Navigating menopause involves traversing a complex terrain of hormonal changes that extend far beyond reproductive consequences. Menopausal transition is characterized by a decrease in estradiol-17β (E2), and the impact of menopause resonates not only in the reproductive system but also through the central nervous system, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal domains. As women undergo menopausal transition, they become more susceptible to frailty, amplifying the risk and severity of injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Menopause triggers a cascade of changes leading to a decline in muscle mass, accompanied by diminished tone and excitability, thereby restricting the availability of irisin, a crucial hormone derived from muscles. Concurrently, bone mass undergoes reduction, culminating in the onset of osteoporosis and altering the dynamics of osteocalcin, a hormone originating from bones. The diminishing levels of E2 during menopause extend their influence on the gut microbiota, resulting in a reduction in the availability of tyrosine, tryptophan, and serotonin metabolites, affecting neurotransmitter synthesis and function. Understanding the interplay between menopause, frailty, E2 decline, and the intricate metabolisms of bone, gut, and muscle is imperative when unraveling the nuances of TBI after menopause. The current review underscores the significance of accounting for menopause-associated frailty in the incidence and consequences of TBI. The review also explores potential mechanisms to enhance gut, bone, and muscle health in menopausal women, aiming to mitigate frailty and improve TBI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Sinder
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina V Sharma
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isha S Shirvaikar
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hari Pradhyumnan
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shahil H Patel
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Indy Cabeda Diaz
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gina G Perez
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Wang Y, Jia Z, Zheng M, Wang P, Gao J, Zhang X, Zhou T, Zu G. Inhibition of miR-142-3p promotes intestinal epithelial proliferation and barrier function after ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting FoxM1. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05038-5. [PMID: 38819598 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Damage of intestinal barrier function (BF) after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can induce serious complications and high mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in intestinal mucosal BF and epithelial proliferation after I/R injury have been reported. We aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of miR-142-3p (miR-142) in intestinal epithelial proliferation and BF after I/R injury. We detected the proliferation, barrier function and miR-142 expression in clinical ischemic intestinal tissues. Furthermore, we induced an in vivo intestinal I/R injury mouse model and in vitro IEC-6 cells hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model. After increasing and decreasing expression of miR-142, we detected the proliferation and barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells after I/R or H/R injury. We found that miR-142 expression was significantly increased in clinical ischemic intestinal mucosa and mouse intestinal mucosa exposed to I/R injury, and there was an inverse relationship between miR-142 and proliferation/BF. Inhibition of miR-142 significant promoted intestinal epithelial proliferation and BF after I/R injury. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-142 improved overall survival rate of mice after I/R injury. MiR-142 directly targeted FoxM1 which was identified by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assay in IEC-6 cells. Inhibition of miR-142 promotes intestinal epithelial proliferation and BF after I/R injury in a FoxM1-mediated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, the Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital), No. 826 of Southwest Road Shahekou District, Dalian, 116033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirui Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, the Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital), No. 826 of Southwest Road Shahekou District, Dalian, 116033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, the Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital), No. 826 of Southwest Road Shahekou District, Dalian, 116033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Puxu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, the Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital), No. 826 of Southwest Road Shahekou District, Dalian, 116033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, the Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital), No. 826 of Southwest Road Shahekou District, Dalian, 116033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, the Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital), No. 826 of Southwest Road Shahekou District, Dalian, 116033, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Guo Zu
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, the Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital), No. 826 of Southwest Road Shahekou District, Dalian, 116033, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Horwitz A, Birk R. Irisin Ameliorate Acute Pancreatitis and Acinar Cell Viability through Modulation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 Pathways. Biomolecules 2024; 14:643. [PMID: 38927047 PMCID: PMC11201894 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) entails pancreatic inflammation, tissue damage and dysregulated enzyme secretion, including pancreatic lipase (PL). The role of irisin, an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic cytokine, in AP and exocrine pancreatic stress is unclear. We have previously shown that irisin regulates PL through the PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 pathway. In this study, we investigated irisin and irisin's pathway on AP in in vitro (AR42J-B13) and ex vivo (rat primary acinar) models using molecular, biochemical and immunohistochemistry methodology. Pancreatitis induction (cerulein (cer)) resulted in a significant up-regulation of the PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 axis, PL expression and secretion and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress unfolded protein response (UPR) signal-transduction markers (CHOP, XBP-1 and ATF6). Irisin addition in the cer-pancreatitis state resulted in a significant down-regulation of the PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 axis, PPARγ nucleus-translocation and inflammatory state (TNFα and IL-6) in parallel to diminished PL expression and secretion (in vitro and ex vivo models). Irisin addition up-regulated the expression of pro-survival UPR markers (ATF6 and XBP-1) and reduced UPR pro-apoptotic markers (CHOP) under cer-pancreatitis and induced ER stress (tunicamycin), consequently increasing cells viability. Irisin's pro-survival effect under cer-pancreatitis state was abolished under PPARγ inhibition. Our findings suggest irisin as a potential therapeutic option for AP via its ability to up-regulate pro-survival UPR signals and activate the PPARγ-PGC1α-FNDC5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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10
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Pinkas M, Brzozowski T. The Role of the Myokine Irisin in the Protection and Carcinogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:413. [PMID: 38671861 PMCID: PMC11047509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently discovered irisin, a member of the myokines family, is a potential mediator of exercise-induced energy metabolism and a factor promoting browning of the white adipose tissue. Recent evidence indicates that this myokine, released from contracting muscles, can mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on health. Irisin may be a potential therapeutic agent against obesity and has been shown to play an important role in the protection of various cells, tissues, and organs due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-cancer properties. Our aim was to review the recent experimental and clinical studies on irisin and its expression, release into the bloodstream, tissue targets, and potential contribution to the protective effects of exercise in the gastrointestinal tract. Particular emphasis was placed on inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, periodontitis, and other digestive tract disorders, including carcinogenesis. Overall, irisin holds significant potential as a novel target molecule, offering a safe and therapeutic approach to treating various gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pinkas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
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11
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Shi Y, Chen F, Leng Y. Recent insights into the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of intestinal ischaemia‒reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 701:149612. [PMID: 38316091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal ischaemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury is a surgical emergency. This condition is associated with a high mortality rate. At present, there are limited number of efficient therapeutic measures for this injury, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal I/R injury must be elucidated to develop a rapid and specific diagnostic and treatment protocol. Numerous studies have indicated the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the development of intestinal I/R injury. Specifically, the levels of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen are increased due to unfolded protein response. However, persistent ER stress promotes apoptosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells through three signalling pathways in the ER, impairing intestinal mucosal barrier function and leading to the dysfunction of intestinal tissues and distant organ compartments. This review summarises the mechanisms of ER stress in intestinal I/R injury, diagnostic indicators, and related treatment strategies with the objective of providing novel insights into future therapies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; The Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yajing Shi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; The Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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12
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Wang S, Hu S, Pan Y. The emerging roles of irisin in vascular calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1337995. [PMID: 38405155 PMCID: PMC10884194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1337995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common accompanying pathological change in many chronic diseases, which is caused by calcium deposition in the blood vessel wall and leads to abnormal blood vessel function. With the progress of medical technology, the diagnosis rate of vascular calcification has explosively increased. However, due to its mechanism's complexity, no effective drug can relieve or even reverse vascular calcification. Irisin is a myogenic cytokine regulating adipose tissue browning, energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and other physiological processes. Previous studies have shown that irisin could serve as a predictor for vascular calcification, and protect against hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other risk factors for vascular calcification. In terms of mechanism, it improves vascular endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. All the above evidence suggests that irisin plays a predictive and protective role in vascular calcification. In this review, we summarize the association of irisin to the related risk factors for vascular calcification and mainly explore the role of irisin in vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuhuan Second People’s Hospital, Yuhuan, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Wang B, Zhao C, Wang Y, Tian X, Lin J, Zhu B, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Li N, Sun Y, Xu H, Zhao R. Exercise ameliorating myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission involving increased irisin expression and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13475. [PMID: 37721125 PMCID: PMC10809304 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Though exercise generates beneficial effects on diabetes-associated cardiac damage, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. Therefore, we prescribed a program of 8-week treadmill training for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and determined the role of irisin signaling, via interacting with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in mediating the effects of exercise on myocardial injuries and mitochondrial fission. METHODS Forty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups of control (Con), diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes plus exercise (Ex), and diabetes plus exercise and Cyclo RGDyk (ExRg). Ex and ExRg rats received 8 weeks of treadmill running, and the rats in the ExRg group additionally were treated with a twice weekly injection of Cyclo RGDyk, an irisin receptor-αV/β5 antagonist. At the end of the experiment, murine blood samples and heart tissues were collected and analyzed with methods of ELISA, Western blot, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, as well as immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Exercise effectively mitigated T2DM-related hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, lipid dysmetabolism, and inflammation, which could be diminished by Cyclo RGDyk treatment. Additionally, exercise alleviated T2DM-induced myocardial injury and excessive mitochondrial fission, whereas the beneficial effects were blocked by the administration of Cyclo RGDyk. T2DM significantly decreased serum irisin concentrations and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin gene and protein expression levels in the rat heart, whereas exercise could rescue T2DM-reduced FNDC5/irisin expression. Blocking irisin receptor signaling diminished the exercise-alleviated mitochondrial fission protein expression and elevated AMPK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Exercise is effective in mitigating diabetes-related insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation. Irisin signaling engages in exercise-associated beneficial effects on myocardial injury and excessive mitochondrial fission in diabetes rats involving elevated AMPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yuanxin Wang
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Lin
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Baishu Zhu
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yalan Zhou
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Nan Li
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Haocheng Xu
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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14
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Deng W, Cao Z, Dong R, Yan Y, Jiang Q. Irisin inhibits CCK-8-induced TNF-α production via integrin αVβ5-NF-κB signaling pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109245. [PMID: 38000652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Irisin, a secreted myokine generated by fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, has recently shown the potential to alleviate inflammation. Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) is closely associated with the inflammatory factor TNF-α, a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions. However, the interactions between irisin and CCK-8 in regulating TNF-α production and the underlying mechanism have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, irisin treatment inhibited the basal and the CCK-8-induced TNF-α production in vivo. Additionally, neutralizing circulating irisin using an irisin antiserum significantly augmented the CCK-8-induced stimulation of TNF-α levels. Moreover, the incubation of head kidney cells with irisin or CCK-8 has opposite effects on TNF-α secretion. Notably, irisin treatment inhibited basal and CCK-8-stimulated TNF-α release and gene transcription in head kidney cells. Mechanistically, the inhibitory actions of irisin on basal and CCK-8-induced TNF-α production could be negated by co-administered with the selective integrin αVβ5 inhibitor cilengitide. In addition, the inhibitory effect of irisin on basal and CCK-8-triggered TNF-α production could be abolished by the inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Furthermore, irisin impeded CCK-8-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, simultaneously inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation, preventing its translocation into the nucleus, and suppressing its DNA-binding activity induced by CCK-8. Collectively, these results suggest that the inhibitory effect of irisin on TNF-α production caused by CCK-8 is mediated via the integrin αVβ5-NF-κB signaling pathways in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhikai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yisha Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Inyushkin AN, Poletaev VS, Inyushkina EM, Kalberdin IS, Inyushkin AA. Irisin/BDNF signaling in the muscle-brain axis and circadian system: A review. J Biomed Res 2023; 38:1-16. [PMID: 38164079 PMCID: PMC10818175 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the timing of physiological, biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms. To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm, environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian system. This is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract, but other cues like exercise, feeding, temperature, anxiety, and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic zeitgebers. The recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of exercise. Irisin is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in response to exercise. Apart from well-known peripheral effects, such as inducing the "browning" of white adipocytes, irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the brain. Experimental data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain functions. In several brain areas, irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the master clock, a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is suggested. However, the brain receptor for irisin remains unknown. In the current review, the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Inyushkin
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Vitalii S. Poletaev
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Elena M. Inyushkina
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Igor S. Kalberdin
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Inyushkin
- Department of Human & Animal Physiology, Samara National Research University, Samara 443011, Russia
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Wang L, Kulthinee S, Slate-Romano J, Zhao T, Shanmugam H, Dubielecka PM, Zhang LX, Qin G, Zhuang S, Chin YE, Zhao TC. Inhibition of integrin alpha v/beta 5 mitigates the protective effect induced by irisin in hemorrhage. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 134:104869. [PMID: 37690529 PMCID: PMC10939993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin plays an important role in regulating tissue stress, cardiac function, and inflammation. Integrin αvβ5 was recently identified as a receptor for irisin to elicit its physiologic function. It remains unknown whether integrin αvβ5 is required for irisin's function in modulating the physiologic response to hemorrhage. The objective of this study is to examine if integrin αvβ5 contributes to the effects of irisin during the hemorrhagic response. METHODS Hemorrhage was induced in mice by achieving a mean arterial blood pressure of 35-45 mmHg for one hour, followed by two hours of resuscitation. Irisin (0.5 μg/kg) was administrated to assess its pharmacologic effects in hemorrhage. Cilengitide, a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (cRGDyK) which is an inhibitor of integrin αvβ5, or control RGDS (1 mg/kg) was administered with irisin. In another cohort of mice, the irisin-induced protective effect was examined after knocking down integrin β5 with nanoparticle delivery of integrin β5 sgRNA using CRSIPR/Cas-9 gene editing. Cardiac function and hemodynamics were measured using echocardiography and femoral artery catheterization, respectively. Systemic cytokine releases were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological analyses were used to determine tissue damage in myocardium, skeletal muscles, and lung tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was carried out to assess apoptosis in tissues. RESULTS Hemorrhage induced reduction of integrin αvβ5 in skeletal muscles and repressed recovery of cardiac performance and hemodynamics. Irisin treatment led to significantly improved cardiac function, which was abrogated by treatment with Cilengitide or knockdown of integrin β5. Furthermore, irisin resulted in a marked suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), muscle edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration in myocardium and skeletal muscles, which was attenuated by Cilengitide or knockdown of integrin β5. Irisin-induced reduction of apoptosis in the myocardium, skeletal muscles, and lung, which were attenuated by either the inhibition of integrin αvβ5, or knockdown of integrin β5. CONCLUSION Integrin αvβ5 plays an important role for irisin in modulating the protective effect during hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - Supaporn Kulthinee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - John Slate-Romano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | | | - Hamsa Shanmugam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA; Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Pelczyńska M, Miller-Kasprzak E, Piątkowski M, Mazurek R, Klause M, Suchecka A, Bucoń M, Bogdański P. The Role of Adipokines and Myokines in the Pathogenesis of Different Obesity Phenotypes-New Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2046. [PMID: 38136166 PMCID: PMC10740719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a characteristic disease of the twenty-first century that is affecting an increasing percentage of society. Obesity expresses itself in different phenotypes: normal-weight obesity (NWO), metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). A range of pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the occurrence of obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, adipokine secretion, and other processes related to the pathophysiology of adipose tissue (AT). Body mass index (BMI) is the key indicator in the diagnosis of obesity; however, in the case of the NWO and MONW phenotypes, the metabolic disturbances are present despite BMI being within the normal range. On the other hand, MHO subjects with elevated BMI values do not present metabolic abnormalities. The MUO phenotype involves both a high BMI value and an abnormal metabolic profile. In this regard, attention has been focused on the variety of molecules produced by AT and their role in the development of obesity. Nesfatin-1, neuregulin 4, myonectin, irisin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) all seem to have protective effects against obesity. The primary mechanism underlying the action of nesfatin-1 involves an increase in insulin sensitivity and reduced food intake. Neuregulin 4 sup-presses lipogenesis, decreases lipid accumulation, and reduces chronic low-grade inflammation. Myonectin lowers the amount of fatty acids in the bloodstream by increasing their absorption in the liver and AT. Irisin stimulates the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and consequently in-creases energy expenditure, additionally regulating glucose metabolism. Another molecule, BDNF, has anorexigenic effects. Decorin protects against the development of hyperglycemia, but may also contribute to proinflammatory processes. Similar effects are shown in the case of visfatin and chemerin, which may predispose to obesity. Visfatin increases adipogenesis, causes cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, and contributes to the development of glucose intolerance. Chemerin induces angiogenesis, which promotes the expansion of AT. This review aims to discuss the role of adipokines and myokines in the pathogenesis of the different obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
| | - Ewa Miller-Kasprzak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Piątkowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Roksana Mazurek
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Klause
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Suchecka
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bucoń
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
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Wang Z, Li L, Yan H, Li W, Pang Y, Yuan Y. Salidroside Ameliorates Furan-Induced Testicular Inflammation in Relation to the Gut-Testis Axis and Intestinal Apoptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17968-17987. [PMID: 37943949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a heat-induced food contaminant, and it causes damage to visceral organs, including the testis. To determine the mechanism of the damage to the testis, a mouse model treated with furan (8 mg/kg bw/day) and salidroside (SAL, 10/20/40 mg/kg bw/day) was established, and levels of testicular functional markers and changes of morphology were investigated in furan-induced mice treated with SAL. The change in related proteins and genes suggested that SAL restored the furan-mediated leaky tight junction and triggered the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome together with inflammation. To find out the gut-testis axis, microbiota PICRUSt analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to investigate the core microbiota and metabolites. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related key protein levels and the result of transmission electron microscopy suggested that SAL inhibited the furan-induced intestinal ERS. The result of TUNEL and levels of apoptosis-related proteins suggested that furan-induced intestinal apoptosis was alleviated by SAL. Collectively, SAL inhibited furan-induced ERS-mediated intestinal apoptosis through modulation of intestinal flora and metabolites, thus strengthening the gut barrier. It inhibited LPS from entering the circulatory system and suppressed the testicular TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, which alleviated testicular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Lu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Haiyang Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Wenliang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Yong Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
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Wang Y, Wang M, Wang Y. Irisin: A Potentially Fresh Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Aging. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1112. [PMID: 38029393 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that affects all living organisms, including humans. Aging is a complex process that involves the gradual deterioration of various biological processes and systems, including the cardiovascular system. Vascular aging refers to age-related changes in blood vessels. These changes can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Recently, an exercise-induced muscle factor, irisin, was found to directly improve metabolism and regulate the balance of glucolipid metabolism, thereby counteracting obesity and insulin resistance. Based on a growing body of evidence, irisin modulates vascular aging. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a pivotal cellular energy sensor and metabolic modulator, acting as a central signaling cascade to coordinate various cellular processes necessary for maintaining vascular homeostasis. The vascular regulatory effects of irisin are closely intertwined with its interaction with the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, understanding the molecular processes used by irisin to regulate changes in vascular diseases caused by aging may inspire the development of techniques that promote healthy vascular aging. This review sought to describe the impact of irisin on the molecular mechanisms of vascular aging, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetics, from the perspective of endothelial cell function and vascular macroregulation, and summarize the multiple signaling pathways used by irisin to regulate vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Manying Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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20
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Gao H, Zhai J, Song Y. Potential role of irisin in digestive system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115347. [PMID: 37625325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system diseases (DSD) are very complex conditions that severely threaten human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pharmacological treatment strategies. Irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, is produced by fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), which is a transmembrane protein. Irisin is involved in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the regulation of energy metabolism, and the improvement of insulin resistance. Irisin is also an essential mediator of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Recent studies have proved that irisin concentration is altered in DSD and exerts pivotal effects on the initiation, progression, and prognosis of these diseases through various mechanisms. Therefore, studying the expression and function of irisin may have great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of DSD. Here, we focus on irisin and explore the multiple molecular pathways targeted by irisin therapy. This review indicates that irisin can serve as a diagnostic marker or potential therapeutic agent for DSD. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinghui Zhai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanqing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Lequn Branch, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Liu Q, Zhu Y, Li G, Guo T, Jin M, Xi D, Wang S, Liu X, Guo S, Liu H, Fan J, Liu R. Irisin ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291022. [PMID: 37656700 PMCID: PMC10473488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was suggested associated with intestinal flora. However, irisin has demonstrated beneficial effects on myocardial I/R injury, thus increasing interest in exploring its mechanism. Therefore, whether irisin interferes in gut microbiota and gut mucosal barrier during myocardial I/R injury was investigated in the present study. Irisin was found to reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells and fracture in myocardial tissue, myocardial enzyme levels, and the myocardial infarction (MI) area. In addition, the data showed that irisin reverses I/R-induced gut dysbiosis as indicated by the decreased abundance of Actinobacteriota and the increased abundance of Firmicutes, and maintains intestinal barrier integrity, reduces metabolic endotoxemia, and inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Based on the results, irisin could be a good candidate for ameliorating myocardial I/R injury and associated diseases by alleviating gut dysbiosis, endothelial dysfunction and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
| | - Mengtong Jin
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
| | - Duan Xi
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
| | | | - Xuezhi Liu
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Shuming Guo
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
| | - Hui Liu
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Jiamao Fan
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
- Department of Cardiology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- LinFen Central Hospital, LinFen, China
- Linfen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Coronary Heart Disease, Linfen Clinical Medical Research Center, LinFen, China
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22
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Han F, Ding ZF, Shi XL, Zhu QT, Shen QH, Xu XM, Zhang JX, Gong WJ, Xiao WM, Wang D, Chen WW, Hu LH, Lu GT. Irisin inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps formation and protects against acute pancreatitis in mice. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102787. [PMID: 37392517 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin is a newly discovered myokine which links exercise to inflammation and inflammation-related diseases through macrophage regulation. However, the effect of irisin on the activity of inflammation related immune cells (such as neutrophils) has not been clearly described. OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to explore the effect of irisin on the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. METHODS Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) was used to construct a classic neutrophil inflammation model that was used to observe the formation of NETs in vitro. We studied the effect of irisin on NETs formation and its regulation mechanism. Subsequently, acute pancreatitis (AP) was used to verify the protective effect of irisin in vivo, which was an acute aseptic inflammatory response disease model closely related to NETs. RESULTS Our study found that addition of irisin significantly reduced the formation of NETs via regulation of the P38/MAPK pathway through integrin αVβ5, which might be the one of key pathways in NETs formation, and which could theoretically offset the immunoregulatory effect of irisin. Systemic treatment with irisin reduced the severity of tissue damage common in the disease and inhibited the formation of NETs in pancreatic necrotic tissue of two classical AP mouse models. CONCLUSION The findings confirmed for the first time that irisin could inhibit NETs formation and protect mice from pancreatic injury, which further elucidated the protective effect of exercise on acute inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Fan Ding
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; International Sport Management, Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Tian Zhu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin-Hao Shen
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Meng Xu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Xian Zhang
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Juan Gong
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Ming Xiao
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang-Hao Hu
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Tao Lu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Liu M, Wen H, Zuo L, Song X, Geng Z, Ge S, Ge Y, Wu R, Chen S, Yu C, Gao Y. Bryostatin-1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22948. [PMID: 37130016 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201540r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bryostatin-1 (Bryo-1) exerts antioxidative stress effects in multiple diseases, and we confirmed that it improves intestinal barrier dysfunction in experimental colitis. Nevertheless, there are few reports on its action on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we mainly explored the effect of Bryo-1 on intestinal I/R injury and determined the mechanism. C57BL/6J mice underwent temporary superior mesenteric artery (SMA) obturation to induce I/R, on the contrary, Caco-2 cells suffered to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to establish the in vitro model. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS to induce macrophage inflammation. The drug gradient experiment was used to demonstrate in vivo and in vitro models. Bryo-1 ameliorated the intestinal I/R-induced injury of multiple organs and epithelial cells. It also alleviated intestinal I/R-induced barrier disruption of intestines according to the histology, intestinal permeability, intestinal bacterial translocation rates, and tight junction protein expression results. Bryo-1 significantly inhibited oxidative stress damages and inflammation, which may contribute to the restoration of intestinal barrier function. Further, Bryo-1 significantly activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in vivo. However, the deletion of Nrf2 in Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells attenuated the protective functions of Bryo-1 and significantly abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of Bryo-1 on LPS-induced macrophage inflammation. Bryo-1 protects intestines against I/R-induced injury. It is associated with intestinal barrier protection, as well as inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress partly through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hexin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Wang Z, Qi Y, Wang F, Zhang B, Jianguo T. Circulating sepsis-related metabolite sphinganine could protect against intestinal damage during sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151728. [PMID: 37292192 PMCID: PMC10245321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis is intricately linked to intestinal damage and barrier dysfunction. At present times, there is a growing interest in a metabolite-based therapy for multiple diseases. Methods Serum samples from septic patients and healthy individuals were collected and their metabonomics profiling assessed using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-TOFMS). The eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithms (XGBOOST) method was used to screen essential metabolites associated with sepsis, and five machine learning models, including Logistic Regression, XGBoost, GaussianNB(GNB), upport vector machines(SVM) and RandomForest were constructed to distinguish sepsis including a training set (75%) and validation set(25%). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and Brier scores were used to compare the prediction performances of different models. Pearson analysis was used to analysis the relationship between the metabolites and the severity of sepsis. Both cellular and animal models were used to HYPERLINK "javascript:;" assess the function of the metabolites. Results The occurrence of sepsis involve metabolite dysregulation. The metabolites mannose-6-phosphate and sphinganine as the optimal sepsis-related variables screened by XGBOOST algorithm. The XGBoost model (AUROC=0.956) has the most stable performance to establish diagnostic model among the five machine learning methods. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) package was used to interpret the XGBOOST model. Pearson analysis reinforced the expression of Sphinganine, Mannose 6-phosphate were positively associated with the APACHE-II, PCT, WBC, CRP, and IL-6. We also demonstrated that sphinganine strongly diminished the LDH content in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells. In addition, using both in vitro and in vivo examination, we revealed that sphinganine strongly protects against sepsis-induced intestinal barrier injury. Discussion These findings highlighted the potential diagnostic value of the ML, and also provided new insight into enhanced therapy and/or preventative measures against sepsis.
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Tang C, Liu M, Zhou Z, Li H, Yang C, Yang L, Xiang J. Treadmill Exercise Alleviates Cognition Disorder by Activating the FNDC5: Dual Role of Integrin αV/β5 in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097830. [PMID: 37175535 PMCID: PMC10178565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) results in several clinical outcomes for which specific treatment is lacking. Although the pathogenesis of PD-CI has not yet been fully elucidated, it is related to neuronal plasticity decline in the hippocampus region. The dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra to the hippocampus are critical in regulating hippocampal plasticity. Recently, aerobic exercise has been recognized as an effective therapeutic strategy for enhancing plasticity through the secretion of various muscle factors. The exact role of FNDC5-an upregulated, newly identified myokine produced after exercise-in mediating hippocampal plasticity and regional dopaminergic projections in PD-CI remains unclear. In this study, the effect of treadmill exercise on hippocampal synaptic plasticity was evaluated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced chronic PD models. The results showed that treadmill exercise substantially alleviated the motor dysfunction, cognition disorder, and dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by MPTP. Here, we discovered that the quadriceps, serum, and brain FNDC5 levels were lower in PD mice and that intervention with treadmill exercise restored FNDC5 levels. Moreover, treadmill exercise enhanced the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons via increased dopamine levels and BDNF in the PD mice. The direct protective effect of FNDC5 is achieved by promoting the secretion of BDNF in the hippocampal neurons via binding the integrin αVβ5 receptor, thereby improving synaptic plasticity. Regarding the indirect protection effect, FNDC5 promotes the dopaminergic connection from the substantia nigra to the hippocampus by mediating the interaction between the integrin αVβ5 of the hippocampal neurons and the CD90 molecules on the membrane of dopaminergic terminals. Our findings demonstrated that treadmill exercise could effectively alleviate cognitive disorders via the activation of the FNDC5-BDNF pathway and enhance the dopaminergic synaptic connection from SNpc to the hippocampus in the MPTP-induced chronic PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Tang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
- The College of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zihang Zhou
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hao Li
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Kang H, Lin CY, Fan Y. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Irisin: Harnessing Its Function in Degenerative Disorders and Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076551. [PMID: 37047523 PMCID: PMC10095399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is well-established as an important protective factor against degenerative conditions and a promoter of tissue growth and renewal. The discovery of Fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) as the precursor of Irisin in 2012 sparked significant interest in its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic agent for various diseases. Clinical studies have examined the correlation between plasma Irisin levels and pathological conditions using a range of assays, but the lack of reliable measurements for endogenous Irisin has led to uncertainty about its prognostic/diagnostic potential as an exercise surrogate. Animal and tissue-engineering models have shown the protective effects of Irisin treatment in reversing functional impairment and potentially permanent damage, but dosage ambiguities remain unresolved. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the clinical and basic studies of Irisin in the context of degenerative conditions and explores its potential as a therapeutic approach in the physiological processes involved in tissue repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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Xu X, Zhou R, Ying J, Li X, Lu R, Qu Y, Mu D. Irisin prevents hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and protecting the blood-brain barrier. Peptides 2023; 161:170945. [PMID: 36623553 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with excessive inflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Irisin can reduce inflammation and ameliorate oxidative stress; however, its effects on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborns are unknown. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hypoxic-ischemic injury and irisin treatment. TUNEL staining assays, the albumin-Evans blue dye extravasation method, an antioxidants detection kit, quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were used to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the prevention of HIE by irisin. We discovered that rats affected by HIE and administered irisin had lower levels of IL-6 (but not TNF-α or IL-1β) less oxidative stress, and enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity. Irisin can effectively attenuate brain damage by reducing oxidative stress and protecting the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanpei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Ruixi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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28
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Fang P, She Y, Yu M, Min W, Shang W, Zhang Z. Adipose-Muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic disorders: The emerging roles of adipo-myokines. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101829. [PMID: 36563906 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes account for a considerable proportion of the global burden of age-related metabolic diseases. In age-related metabolic diseases, tissue crosstalk and metabolic regulation have been primarily linked to endocrine processes. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are endocrine organs that release myokines and adipokines into the bloodstream, respectively. These cytokines regulate metabolic responses in a variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic diseases are not fully understood. Recent exciting evidence suggests that myokines act to control adipose tissue functions, including lipolysis, browning, and inflammation, whereas adipokines mediate the beneficial actions of adipose tissue in the muscle, such as glucose uptake and metabolism. In this review, we assess the mechanisms of adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related disorders and propose that the adipokines adiponectin and spexin, as well as the myokines irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are crucial for maintaining the body's metabolic balance in age-related metabolic disorders. In addition, these changes of adipose-muscle crosstalk in response to exercise or dietary flavonoid consumption are part of the mechanisms of both functions in the remission of age-related metabolic disorders. A better understanding of the intricate relationships between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle could lead to more potent therapeutic approaches to prolong life and prevent age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Min
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Trettel CDS, Pelozin BRDA, Barros MP, Bachi ALL, Braga PGS, Momesso CM, Furtado GE, Valente PA, Oliveira EM, Hogervorst E, Fernandes T. Irisin: An anti-inflammatory exerkine in aging and redox-mediated comorbidities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106529. [PMID: 36843614 PMCID: PMC9951776 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human beings lead largely sedentary lives. From an evolutionary perspective, such lifestyle is not beneficial to health. Exercise can promote many enabling pathways, particularly through circulating exerkines, to optimize individual health and quality of life. Such benefits might explain the protective effects of exercise against aging and noncommunicable diseases. Nevertheless, the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms and exerkine interorgan crosstalk that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise remain poorly understood. In this mini review, we focused on the exerkine, irisin, mainly produced by muscle contraction during adaptation to exercise and its beneficial effects on body homeostasis. Herein, the complex role of irisin in metabolism and inflammation is described, including its subsequent effects on thermogenesis through browning to control obesity and improve glycemic regulation for diabetes mellitus control, its potential to improve cognitive function (via brain derived neurotrophic factor), and its pathways of action and role in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio dos Santos Trettel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha de Avila Pelozin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Paes Barros
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Gabriel Senger Braga
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Applied Research Institute, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2020), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso Valente
- Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Tiago Fernandes,
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Cheng B, Du M, He S, Yang L, Wang X, Gao H, Chang H, Gao W, Li Y, Wang Q, Li Y. Inhibition of platelet activation suppresses reactive enteric glia and mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction during sepsis. Mol Med 2022; 28:137. [PMID: 36401163 PMCID: PMC9673322 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is associated with reactive enteric glia cells (EGCs), is not only a result of early sepsis but also a cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Inhibition of platelet activation has been proposed as a potential treatment for septic patients because of its efficacy in ameliorating the organ damage and barrier dysfunction. During platelet activation, CD40L is translocated from α granules to the platelet surface, serving as a biomarker of platelet activation a reliable predictor of sepsis prognosis. Given that more than 95% of the circulating CD40L originate from activated platelets, the present study aimed to investigate if inhibiting platelet activation mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with suppressing reactive EGCs and its underlying mechanism. Methods Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to establish the sepsis model. 24 h after CLP, the proportion of activated platelets, the level of sCD40L, the expression of tight-junction proteins, the intestinal barrier function and histological damage of septic mice were analyzed. In vitro, primary cultured EGCs were stimulated by CD40L and LPS for 24 h and EGCs-conditioned medium were collected for Caco-2 cells treatment. The expression of tight-junction proteins and transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 cell were evaluated. Results In vivo, inhibiting platelet activation with cilostazol mitigated the intestinal barrier dysfunction, increased the expression of ZO-1 and occludin and improved the survival rate of septic mice. The efficacy was associated with reduced CD40L+ platelets proportion, decreased sCD40L concentration, and suppressed the activation of EGCs. Comparable results were observed upon treatment with compound 6877002, a blocker of CD40L-CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway. Also, S-nitrosoglutathione supplement reduced intestinal damage both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, CD40L increased release of TNF-α and IL-1β while suppressed the release of S-nitrosoglutathione from EGCs. These EGCs-conditioned medium reduced the expression of ZO-1 and occludin on Caco-2 cells and their transepithelial electrical resistance, which could be reversed by CD40-siRNA and TRAF6-siRNA transfection on EGCs. Conclusions The inhibition of platelet activation is related to the suppression of CD40L-CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway and the reduction of EGCs activation, which promotes intestinal barrier function and survival in sepsis mice. These results might provide a potential therapeutic strategy and a promising target for sepsis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00562-w.
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Cheng B, Du M, He S, Yang L, Wang X, Gao H, Chang H, Gao W, Li Y, Wang Q, Li Y. Inhibition of platelet activation suppresses reactive enteric glia and mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction during sepsis. Mol Med 2022; 28:127. [PMID: 36303116 PMCID: PMC9615156 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is associated with reactive enteric glia cells (EGCs), is not only a result of early sepsis but also a cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Inhibition of platelet activation has been proposed as a potential treatment for septic patients because of its efficacy in ameliorating the organ damage and barrier dysfunction. During platelet activation, CD40L is translocated from α granules to the platelet surface, serving as a biomarker of platelet activation a reliable predictor of sepsis prognosis. Given that more than 95% of the circulating CD40L originate from activated platelets, the present study aimed to investigate if inhibiting platelet activation mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with suppressing reactive EGCs and its underlying mechanism. Methods Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to establish the sepsis model. 24 h after CLP, the proportion of activated platelets, the level of sCD40L, the expression of tight-junction proteins, the intestinal barrier function and histological damage of septic mice were analyzed. In vitro, primary cultured EGCs were stimulated by CD40L and LPS for 24 h and EGCs-conditioned medium were collected for Caco-2 cells treatment. The expression of tight-junction proteins and transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 cell were evaluated. Results In vivo, inhibiting platelet activation with cilostazol mitigated the intestinal barrier dysfunction, increased the expression of ZO-1 and occludin and improved the survival rate of septic mice. The efficacy was associated with reduced CD40L+ platelets proportion, decreased sCD40L concentration, and suppressed the activation of EGCs. Comparable results were observed upon treatment with compound 6,877,002, a blocker of CD40L–CD40–TRAF6 signaling pathway. Also, S-nitrosoglutathione supplement reduced intestinal damage both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, CD40L increased release of TNF-α and IL-1β while suppressed the release of S-nitrosoglutathione from EGCs. These EGCs-conditioned medium reduced the expression of ZO-1 and occludin on Caco-2 cells and their transepithelial electrical resistance, which could be reversed by CD40-siRNA and TRAF6-siRNA transfection on EGCs. Conclusions The inhibition of platelet activation is related to the suppression of CD40L-CD40-TRAF6 signaling pathway and the reduction of EGCs activation, which promotes intestinal barrier function and survival in sepsis mice. These results might provide a potential therapeutic strategy and a promising target for sepsis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00556-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxuan He
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Cai J, Chen X, Liu X, Li Z, Shi A, Tang X, Xia P, Zhang J, Yu P. AMPK: The key to ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4079-4096. [PMID: 36134582 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to a syndrome in which tissue damage is further aggravated and organ function further deteriorates when blood flow is restored after a period of tissue ischemia. Acute myocardial infarction, stress ulcer, pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia, intermittent claudication, acute tubular necrosis, postshock liver failure, and multisystem organ failure are all related to reperfusion injury. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified in multiple catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways. The functions of AMPK during health and diseases are intriguing but still need further research. Except for its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch, emerging evidence reveals the critical role of AMPK in IRI as an energy-sensing signal molecule by regulating metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other progressions. At the same time, drugs based on AMPK for the treatment of IRI are constantly being researched and applied in clinics. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the effects of AMPK in IRI and describe the AMPK-targeting drugs in treatment, hoping to increase the understanding of AMPK in IRI and provide new insights into future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ao Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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Xu R, Liu Q, Ma X, Hou J. Irisin inhibits PCSK9 expression through activating AMPK-SREBP2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:77-83. [PMID: 36152348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies found that irisin attenuated the vascular wall inflammation caused by Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and recent experiments have shown that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) can act on various cells in the vascular wall to induce inflammatory responses. But, the relationship between irisin and PCSK9 has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irisin on PSCK9 in endothelial cells and hepatocytes under the induction of ox-LDL. METHODS Experiments were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and Hep G2, and cells were treated with irisin and (or) ox-LDL for evaluating expression of PCSK9 and downstream inflammatory proteins, while the expression levels of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) were also examined. Then Compound C was used to inhibit AMPK activation and SiAMPK for silencing of AMPK mRNA, and the above assays were also performed to deeply validate the role of the AMPK-SREBP2 pathway. RESULTS Irisin treatment significantly downregulated the expression of PCSK9 and inflammation-related proteins induced by ox-LDL, also restored the content of p-AMPK and reduced the SREBP2 content. After the use of Compound C or SiAMPK, the content of p-AMPK was obviously decreased, and the positive effect of irisin was greatly weakened. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that irisin suppresses PCSK9 expression through the AMPK-SREBP2 pathway and ameliorates ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China; Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China; Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China; Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Jingbo Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China; Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China.
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Autophagy Dysregulation in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A New Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710055. [PMID: 36077452 PMCID: PMC9456355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. To date, there is no FDA-approved treatment, so there is an urgent need to determine its pathophysiology and underlying molecular mechanisms. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that removes damaged organelles and misfolded proteins after cell injury through endoplasmic reticulum stress or starvation, which inhibits apoptosis and promotes cell survival. Recent studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in removing lipid droplets from hepatocytes. Autophagy has also been reported to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and provide energy for the hepatic stellate cells activation during liver fibrosis. Thyroid hormone, irisin, melatonin, hydrogen sulfide, sulforaphane, DA-1241, vacuole membrane protein 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, sodium-glucose co-transporter type-2 inhibitors, immunity-related GTPase M, and autophagy-related gene 7 have been reported to ameliorate MAFLD via autophagic induction. Lipid receptor CD36, SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and leucine aminopeptidase 3 play a negative role in the autophagic function. This review summarizes recent advances in the role of autophagy in MAFLD. Autophagy modulates major pathological changes, including hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis, suggesting the potential of modulating autophagy for the treatment of MAFLD.
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Xu L, Shen W, Liu Y, Zhang M, Yang Y, Yin D. Fenpropathrin increases gliquidone absorption via causing damage to the integrity of intestinal barrier. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113882. [PMID: 35841655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin is a commonly used pesticide, which was ingested by humans through diet and water. Gliquidone is a common hypoglycemic drug that diabetic patients need for long-term use. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to fenpropathrin on the intestinal barrier and intestinal absorption of the model drug gliquidone. The Ussing Chamber study had shown that fenpropathrin can increase the transport of gliquidone in an isolated intestinal model. In addition, the intestinal absorption of fluorescein was significantly increased in fenpropathrin-exposed rats administered by gavage. Further research suggested that fenpropathrin exposure caused a series of pathological effects: the structure of the intestine was damaged, the expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal tissue was decreased, the intestinal MDA was increased, the SOD was decreased, and the expression of inflammatory factors was increased. In the Caco-2 cell model, it was found that fenpropathrin can increase the transport of gliquidone in the Caco-2 cell monolayer, reduce the expression of tight junction proteins and increase reactive oxygen species in Caco-2 cells. Fenpropathrin exposure also resulted in decreasing expression of PPAR-γ and UCP-2 in intestinal tissue and Caco-2 cell model, while causing increased expression of p-P38. The above results indicated that fenpropathrin exposure could induce oxidative stress and destroy the intestinal barrier by affecting the expression of p-P38/P38/PPAR-γ/UCP-2 protein, thereby increasing the intestinal absorption of gliquidone. This study provides new insights into the hazards of fenpropathrin residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mingyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department(AUCM), Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230021, China.
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department(AUCM), Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230021, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230021, China.
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Phenolic Acids from Fructus Chebulae Immaturus Alleviate Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice through the PPARα/NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165227. [PMID: 36014464 PMCID: PMC9415796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R) injury is a common life-threatening complication with high morbidity and mortality. Chebulae Fructus Immaturus, the unripe fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz., also known as “Xiqingguo” or “Tibet Olive” in China, has been widely used in traditional Tibetan medicine throughout history. The phenolic acids’ extract of Chebulae Fructus Immaturus (XQG for short) has exhibited strong antioxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and antibacterial activities. However, whether XQG can effectively ameliorate II/R injuries remains to be clarified. Our results showed that XQG could effectively alleviate II/R-induced intestinal morphological damage and intestinal barrier injury by decreasing the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell death. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that the main action mechanism of XQG protecting against II/R injury was involved in activating PPARα and inhibiting the NF-κB-signaling pathway. Our study suggests the potential usage of XQG as a new candidate to alleviate II/R injury.
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Slate-Romano JJ, Yano N, Zhao TC. Irisin reduces inflammatory signaling pathways in inflammation-mediated metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 552:111676. [PMID: 35569582 PMCID: PMC10084474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise induced myokine first shown to induce the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) which increases energy expenditure, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces insulin resistance. Among irisin's involvement in lipid homeostasis, osteoblast proliferation, and muscle growth, it also acts as a mediator of many inflammatory pathways throughout the body. This review aims to describe the role of irisin in inflammatory processes and understand how targeting irisin can alter the inflammatory response in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mechanisms involved in irisin's anti-inflammatory functions include reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing macrophage proliferation, inducing alternatively activated (M2-type) macrophage polarization, inhibiting pathways of increased vascular permeability, and preventing the formation of inflammasomes. While there are some contradictory results, most studies found reduced levels of irisin in MetS and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Irisin treatment of cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli ameliorates the inflammatory response and promotes cellular viability. Numerous methods have been studied to increase plasma irisin levels including dietary, behavioral, and pharmaceutical. Further investigation is necessary to understand how irisin can be targeted for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Slate-Romano
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University School of Medicine, 222 Richmond St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, 593 Eddy St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Calycosin Improves Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function after Gastrectomy in Rats through Alleviating Bacterial Translocation, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7412331. [PMID: 35795283 PMCID: PMC9251107 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7412331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Calycosin is the main bioactive extract of Astragali Radix with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Here, our study evaluated the protective effects and mechanisms of calycosin on intestinal mucosal barrier under gastrectomy. Methods After receiving gastrectomy, the rats were administrated with 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, or 80 mg/kg calycosin. Endotoxin, bacterial translocation, and intestinal bacterial flora were assayed. Intestinal injury was detected via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tight junction indicators (occludin, claudin, and ZO-1) and apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase 3) were examined in intestinal tissues. Inflammatory indicators (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were examined in serum or intestinal specimens via ELISA. Apoptosis was assessed via TUNEL staining. IgA + B cells in intestinal tissues and sIgA in intestinal lumen were examined through immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Oxidative stress indicators (TSH, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA) were also detected via ELISA. Results Our results showed that calycosin administration decreased endotoxin levels in peripheral blood, intestine, and portal vein blood; lowered the bacterial translocation ratio; and regained the balance among intestinal bacterial flora (comprising bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacillus, enterobacter, enterococcus, aerobic bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria) in the rats with gastrectomy. After calycosin treatment, intestinal mucosal damage of the rats with gastrectomy was ameliorated, with the increase in expression of tight junction proteins. Additionally, calycosin reduced intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, secretion of sIgA, and oxidative stress in the rats with gastrectomy. Conclusion Altogether, our findings demonstrate that calycosin may improve intestinal mucosal barrier function under gastrectomy via reducing bacterial translocation, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Qin S, Tian Z, Boidin M, Buckley BJR, Thijssen DHJ, Lip GYH. Irisin is an Effector Molecule in Exercise Rehabilitation Following Myocardial Infarction (Review). Front Physiol 2022; 13:935772. [PMID: 35845994 PMCID: PMC9276959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.935772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Regular exercise is an effective non-pharmacological therapy for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The therapeutic benefits of exercise are mediated partly through improved vascular and increase in metabolic health. Release of exercise-responsive myokines, including irisin, is associated with beneficial effects of exercise in CVD patients. Observations: The present review provides an overview of the role of exercise in cardiac rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Further, the role of irisin as a motion-responsive molecule in improving vascular and metabolic health is explored. Possible mechanism of cardioprotective effect of irisin-mediated exercise on myocardial infarction are also summarized in this review. Conclusion and significance of the review: Irisin is associated with reduced inflammation, antioxidant properties, and anti-apoptotic effect, implying that it is a potential key mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on vascular and metabolic health. The findings show that irisin is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly post-MI. Further research should be conducted to elucidate the potential mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of irisin and explored whether irisin induced by exercise exerts rehabilitation effects post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Qin
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenjun Tian,
| | - Maxime Boidin
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EPIC) Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. R. Buckley
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dick H. J. Thijssen
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Chen F, Chu CN, Ding WW. Mechanisms and prevention of intestinal barrier function damage in traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:547-554. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i12.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is composed of mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and microbial barrier, which has an important role in defense against microbial invasion. The components of intestinal barrier coordinate with each other under physiological conditions to maintain the homeostasis of intestinal internal and external environment. In traumatic hemorrhagic shock, intestinal barrier function is prone to be impaired by intestinal hypoperfusion, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and many other factors. Bacterial translocation and endotoxin entry into the blood may occur, leading to enterogenic infection, multiple organ dysfunction, and even death. At present, there are many conceptual updates and technical progress on the mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of intestinal barrier function injury in traumatic hemorrhagic shock both at home and abroad. This paper intends to make a literature review in this field based on the previous research of our team, in order to provide a systematic and comprehensive theoretical system for the clinical prevention and treatment of post-traumatic intestinal dysfunction related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Nan Chu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ding
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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The potential role of FNDC5/irisin in various liver diseases: awakening the sleeping beauties. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e23. [PMID: 35695040 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is a transmembrane protein and the precursor of irisin, which serves as a systemic exerkine/myokine with multiple origins. Since its discovery in 2012, this hormone-like polypeptide has rapidly evolved to a component significantly involved in a gamut of metabolic dysregulations and various liver diseases. After a decade of extensive investigation on FNDC5/irisin, we are still surrounded by lots of open questions regarding its diagnostic and therapeutic values. In this review, we first concentrated on the structure-function relationship of FNDC5/irisin. Next, we comprehensively summarised the current knowledge and research findings regarding pathogenic roles/therapeutic applications of FNDC5/irisin in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, liver injury due to multiple detrimental insults, hepatic malignancy and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Moreover, the prominent molecules involved in the underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways were highlighted. As a result, emerging evidence reveals FNDC5/irisin may act as a proxy for diagnosing liver disease pathology, a sensitive biomarker for assessing damage severity, a predisposing factor for surveilling illness progression and a treatment option with protective/preventive impact, all of which are highly dependent on disease grading and contextually pathological features.
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Molecular Basis of Irisin Regulating the Effects of Exercise on Insulin Resistance. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is recognized as one major feature of metabolic syndrome, and frequently emerges as a difficult problem encountered during long-term pharmacological treatment of diabetes. Insulin resistance often causes organs or tissues, such as skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, to become less responsive or resistant to insulin. Exercise can promote the physiological function of those organs and tissues and benefits insulin action via increasing insulin receptor sensitivity, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial function. This is done by decreasing adipose tissue deposition, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. However, understanding the mechanism that regulates the interaction between exercise and insulin function becomes a challenging task. As a novel myokine, irisin is activated by exercise, released from the muscle, and affects multi-organ functions. Recent evidence indicates that it can promote glucose uptake, improve mitochondrial function, alleviate obesity, and decrease inflammation, as a result leading to the improvement of insulin action. We here will review the current evidence concerning the signaling pathways by which irisin regulates the effect of exercise on the up-regulation of insulin action in humans and animals.
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Wang Y, Tian M, Tan J, Pei X, Lu C, Xin Y, Deng S, Zhao F, Gao Y, Gong Y. Irisin ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis through integrin αVβ5/AMPK signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:82. [PMID: 35392928 PMCID: PMC8988353 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the development of secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Irisin is a newly identified myokine that confers strong neuroprotective effects in experimental ischemic stroke. However, whether this myokine can exert neuroprotection effects after ICH remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of irisin treatment on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanism involving integrin αVβ5/AMPK pathway after ICH.
Methods Two hundred and eighty-five adult (8-week-old) male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to sham and ICH surgery groups. ICH was induced via intrastriatal injection of autologous blood. Irisin was administered intranasally at 30 min after ICH. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, cilengitide (a selective integrin αVβ5 inhibitor) and dorsomorphin (a selective phosphorylated AMPK inhibitor) were administered before irisin treatment. The short- and long-term neurobehavior tests, brain edema, quantitative-PCR, western blotting, Fluoro-Jade C, TUNEL, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to assess the neurofunctional outcome at the level of molecular, cell, histology, and function.
Results Endogenous irisin and its receptor, integrin αVβ5, were increased, peaked at 24 h after ICH. irisin post-treatment improved both short- and long-term neurological functions, reduced brain edema after ICH. Interestingly, integrin αVβ5 was mainly located in the microglia after ICH, and irisin post-treatment inhibited microglia/macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization and promoted anti-inflammatory polarization. Moreover, irisin treatment inhibited neutrophil infiltration and suppressed neuronal apoptotic cell death in perihematomal areas after ICH. Mechanistically, irisin post-treatment significantly increased the expression of integrin αVβ5, p-AMPK and Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, and Bax following ICH. The neuroprotective effects of irisin were abolished by both integrin αVβ5 inhibitor cilengitide and AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. Conclusions This study demonstrated that irisin post-treatment ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain edema, and ameliorated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, at least in part, through the integrin αVβ5/AMPK signaling pathway after ICH. Thus, irisin post-treatment may provide a promising therapeutic approach for the early management of ICH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02438-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Pei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaocheng Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Targeting AMPK signaling in ischemic/reperfusion injury: From molecular mechanism to pharmacological interventions. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Shen J, Zhan Y, He Q, Deng Q, Li K, Wen S, Huang W. Remifentanil Promotes PDIA3 Expression by Activating p38MAPK to Inhibit Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818513. [PMID: 35155431 PMCID: PMC8826554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Remifentanil protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, its exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of remifentanil in intestinal I/R injury in mice.Methods: We evaluated the intestine-protective effect of remifentanil in adult male mice with 45 min superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 4 h reperfusion by determining the following: intestinal Chiu’s scores, diamine oxidase, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein in serum; the apoptotic index, lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the intestinal mucosa; and the intestinal mRNA and protein expressions of Bip, CHOP, caspase-12, and cleaved caspase-3, reflecting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, conditional knockout mice, in which the protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) gene was deleted from the intestinal epithelium, and SB203580 (a selective p38MAPK inhibitor) were used to determine the role of PDIA3 and p38MAPK in I/R progression and intestinal protection by remifentanil.Results: Our data showed that intestinal I/R induced obvious oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress–related cell apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in the intestinal mucosal malondialdehyde, a decrease in the intestinal mucosal SOD, and an increase in the apoptotic index and the mRNA and protein expression of Bip, CHOP, caspase-12, and cleaved caspase-3. Remifentanil significantly improved these changes. Moreover, the deletion of intestinal epithelium PDIA3 blocked the protective effects of remifentanil. SB203580 also abolished the intestinal protection of remifentanil and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of PDIA3.Conclusion: Remifentanil appears to act via p38MAPK to protect the small intestine from intestinal I/R injury by its PDIA3-mediated antioxidant and anti-ER stress properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shihong Wen
- *Correspondence: Shihong Wen, ; Wenqi Huang,
| | - Wenqi Huang
- *Correspondence: Shihong Wen, ; Wenqi Huang,
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Zhao R. Irisin at the crossroads of inter-organ communications: Challenge and implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:989135. [PMID: 36267573 PMCID: PMC9578559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.989135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of organs are intercommunicated occurring through secreted molecules. That exercise can improve the physiological function of organs or tissues is believed by secreting myokines from muscle to target remote organs. However, the underlying mechanism how exercise regulates the inter-organ communications remains incompletely understood yet. A recently identified myokine-irisin, primarily found in muscle and adipose and subsequently extending to bone, heart, liver and brain, provides a new molecular evidence for the inter-organ communications. It is secreted under the regulation of exercise and mediates the intercommunications between exercise and organs. To best our understanding of the regulatory mechanism, this review discusses the recent evidence involving the potential molecular pathways of the inter-organ communications, and the interactions between signalings and irisin in regulating the impact of exercise on organ functions are also discussed.
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The role of a recently discovered peptide—irisin—in physiological and pathological processes. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Irisin, a cleaved fragment of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), was originally described as a factor stimulating browning of white adipose tissue, produced during physical exercise by skeletal muscles. However, irisin is not only a new and promising biomarker of metabolism; its expression has been found in a wide variety of tissues and organs such as the peripheral nerves, stomach, pancreas, and skin, and recent data also indicate its role in cancer. Numerous studies focus on the protective role of this protein, which could become an important factor in predicting disease risk, disease prognosis, or possible metastases in cancer patients. Possible use of irisin in therapy is also worth considering. The aim of this paper is to systematize knowledge on the role of irisin in patients and to draw attention to its role in skin diseases including acne vulgaris, psoriasis vulgaris, and hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Zhu D, Zhang X, Wang F, Ye Q, Yang C, Liu D. Irisin rescues diabetic cardiac microvascular injury via ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated inhibition of oxidative stress. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 183:109170. [PMID: 34863716 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac microvascular dysfunction is a common feature across cardiovascular complications in diabetes, while effective therapy remains elusive. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of irisin on cardiac microvascular injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS T2DM was induced in C57BL/6J mice. A cohort diabetic mice received a 12-week treatment of irisin. Cardiac function and microvessel density were evaluated. Whether irisin directly regulates cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) function was determined in vitro. Discovery-drive approaches followed by cause-effect analysis were used to uncover the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Irisin improved cardiac function in diabetic mice, and increased microvessel density. In vitro study revealed that irisin promoted CMECs proliferation and reduced high glucose and high lipid (HGHL)-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, irisin increased mRNA and protein levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 1 and superoxide dismutase 2, among which HO-1 ranked top. Irisin stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2 and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, while U0126 (the inhibitor of ERK1/2) inhibited irisin-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression. Nrf2 siRNA inhibited irisin's antioxidative effects. CONCLUSION Irisin could rescue cardiac microvessels against oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetes via ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hospital of Troop 75600, 3002 Fuqiang Road, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Fenglin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Caizhe Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050010, China.
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Alves HR, Lomba GSB, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Burth P. Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:879066. [PMID: 35784579 PMCID: PMC9248970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.879066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle and adipose tissue produce irisin during exercise. Irisin is thermogenic adipomyokine, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and ameliorates the effects of obesity-driven inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. In addition, exercise-induced irisin activates anti-inflammatory pathways and may play an essential role in improving the outcomes of inflammatory conditions, such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 infection can activate different intracellular receptors and modulate various pathways during the course of the disease. The cytokine release storm (CRS) produced is significant because it promotes the context for systemic inflammation, which increases the risk of mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). In addition, viral infection and the resulting organ damage may stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/toll interleukin receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor (MyD88) pathways while negatively modulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, leading to increased inflammatory cytokine production. Exercise-induced irisin may counteract this inflammatory modulation by decreasing cytokine production. Consequently, increased irisin levels, as found in healthy patients, may favor a better prognosis in patients with SARS-CoV2. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of irisin in mitigating CRS and preventing severe outcomes due to infection with SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Burth, ; Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque,
| | - Patricia Burth
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Burth, ; Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque,
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Liu S, Cui F, Ning K, Wang Z, Fu P, Wang D, Xu H. Role of irisin in physiology and pathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:962968. [PMID: 36225200 PMCID: PMC9549367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.962968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, out-membrane part of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 protein (FNDC5), was activated by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) during physical exercise in skeletal muscle tissues. Most studies have reported that the concentration of irisin is highly associated with health status. For instance, the level of irisin is significantly lower in patients with obesity, osteoporosis/fractures, muscle atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but higher in patients with cancer. Irisin can bind to its receptor integrin αV/β5 to induce browning of white fat, maintain glucose stability, keep bone homeostasis, and alleviate cardiac injury. However, it is unclear whether it works by directly binding to its receptors to regulate muscle regeneration, promote neurogenesis, keep liver glucose homeostasis, and inhibit cancer development. Supplementation of recombinant irisin or exercise-activated irisin might be a successful strategy to fight obesity, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, liver injury, and CVDs in one go. Here, we summarize the publications of FNDC5/irisin from PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2022, and we review the role of FNDC5/irisin in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengqi Cui
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kaiting Ning
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengyu Fu
- Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dongen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Huiyun Xu, ; Dongen Wang,
| | - Huiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Huiyun Xu, ; Dongen Wang,
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