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Salari Namin S, Zhu YP, Croker BA, Tan Z. Turning Neutrophil Cell Death Deadly in Hypertensive Vascular Disease. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00977-2. [PMID: 39326672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive vascular disease (HVD) is a major health burden globally and is a comorbidity commonly associated with other metabolic diseases. Many factors are associated with hypertensive vascular disease including obesity, diabetes, smoking, chronic kidney disease, and sterile inflammation. Increasing evidence points to neutrophils as an important component of the chronic inflammatory response in hypertensive vascular disease. Neutrophils are abundant in the circulation and can respond rapidly upon stimulation to deploy an armament of anti-microbial effector functions. One of the outcomes of neutrophil activation is the generation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), a regulated extrusion of chromatin and proteases. While neutrophils and NETs are well described as components of the innate immune response to infection, recent evidence implicates them in HVD. Endothelial cell activation can trigger neutrophil adhesion, activation, and production of NETs promoting vascular dysfunction, vessel remodeling, and loss of resistance. The regulated release of NETs can be controlled by the pore-forming activities of distinct cell death pathways. The best-characterized pathways in this context are apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. In this review, we will discuss how inflammatory cell death signaling and NET formation contribute to hypertensive disease. We also examine novel therapeutic approaches to limit NET production and their future potential as therapeutic drugs in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Salari Namin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanfang Peipei Zhu
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ben A Croker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhehao Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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2
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Li S, Ma L, Li X, Jiang Y, Luo Z, Yin F, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wan S, Zhou H, Kong L, Wang X. Discovery of Covalent MLKL PROTAC Degraders via Optimization of a Theophylline Derivative Ligand for Treating Necroptosis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15353-15372. [PMID: 39180479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) initiates necroptosis and could serve as a therapeutic target related to a series of human diseases. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are useful tools for degrading pathological proteins and blocking disease processes. Using computer-aided modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, we developed a series of covalent MLKL PROTACs by linking and optimizing a theophylline derivative that covalently targets MLKL. Via structure-activity relationship studies, MP-11 was identified as a potent MLKL PROTAC degrader. Furthermore, MP-11 showed lower toxicity than the original MLKL ligand, exhibiting nanomolar-scale antinecroptotic activity on human cell lines. Xenograft model studies showed that MP-11 effectively degraded MLKL in vivo. Importantly, our study demonstrates that the covalent binding strategy is an effective approach for designing MLKL-targeting PROTACs, serving as a model for developing PROTACs to treat future necroptosis-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liangliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Han Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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3
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Herbert A. Osteogenesis imperfecta type 10 and the cellular scaffolds underlying common immunological diseases. Genes Immun 2024; 25:265-276. [PMID: 38811682 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta type 10 (OI10) is caused by loss of function codon variants in the gene SERPINH1 that encodes heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), rather than in a gene specifying bone formation. The HSP47 variants disrupt the folding of both collagen and the endonuclease IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1α) that splices X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA. Besides impairing bone development, variants likely affect osteoclast differentiation. Three distinct biochemical scaffold play key roles in the differentiation and regulated cell death of osteoclasts. These scaffolds consist of non-templated protein modifications, ordered lipid arrays, and protein filaments. The scaffold components are specified genetically, but assemble in response to extracellular perturbagens, pathogens, and left-handed Z-RNA helices encoded genomically by flipons. The outcomes depend on interactions between RIPK1, RIPK3, TRIF, and ZBP1 through short interaction motifs called RHIMs. The causal HSP47 nonsynonymous substitutions occur in a novel variant leucine repeat region (vLRR) that are distantly related to RHIMs. Other vLRR protein variants are causal for a variety of different mendelian diseases. The same scaffolds that drive mendelian pathology are associated with many other complex disease outcomes. Their assembly is triggered dynamically by flipons and other context-specific switches rather than by causal, mendelian, codon variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Herbert
- InsideOutBio, 42 8th Street, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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4
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Lin Y, Yang M, Cheng C, Wu J, Yu B, Zhang X. Age-related dysregulation of CXCL9/10 in monocytes is linked to impaired innate immune responses in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:300. [PMID: 39001897 PMCID: PMC11335224 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated impairments in innate immunity are believed to be a causative factor responsible for severe pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection in the bone tissue. However, the basis for age-associated decline in innate immune response upon S. aureus infection remains poorly understood. RESULTS Our transcriptional data (GEO: GSE166522) from a mouse model of S. aureus osteomyelitis show up-regulated CXCL9 and CXCL10 (CXCL9/10), which is further confirmed in vitro and in vivo by the present study. Notably, monocytes are a main source for CXCL9/10 production in bone marrow upon S. aureus challenge, but this response declines in middle-aged mice. Interestingly, conditional medium of bone marrow monocytes from middle-aged mice has a strikingly decreased effect on bactericidal functions of neutrophils and macrophages compares with that from young mice. We further show that activation of CXCL9/10-CXCR3 axis between monocytes and macrophages/neutrophils promotes the bactericidal function of the cells, whereas blocking the axis impairs such function. Importantly, treatment with either exogenous CXCL9 or CXCL10 in a middle-aged mice model enhances, while pharmacological inhibition of CXCR3 in young mice model impairs, bacterial clearance and bone marrow structure. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that bone marrow monocytes act as a critical promotor of innate immune response via the CXLCL9/10-CXCR3 axis upon S. aureus infection, and that the increased susceptibility to S. aureus infection in skeleton in an aged host may be largely attributable to the declined induction of CXCR9/10 in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuang Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Mankai Yang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Chubin Cheng
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Jichang Wu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
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5
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Pisetsky DS, Herbert A. The role of DNA in the pathogenesis of SLE: DNA as a molecular chameleon. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:830-837. [PMID: 38749573 PMCID: PMC11168871 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by antibodies to DNA (anti-DNA) and other nuclear macromolecules. Anti-DNA antibodies are markers for classification and disease activity and promote pathogenesis by forming immune complexes that deposit in the tissue or stimulate cytokine production. Studies on the antibody response to DNA have focused primarily on a conformation of DNA known as B-DNA, the classic right-handed double helix. Among other conformations of DNA, Z-DNA is a left-handed helix with a zig-zag backbone; hence, the term Z-DNA. Z-DNA formation is favoured by certain base sequences, with the energetically unfavourable flip from B-DNA to Z-DNA dependent on conditions. Z-DNA differs from B-DNA in its immunogenicity in animal models. Furthermore, anti-Z-DNA antibodies, but not anti-B-DNA antibodies, can be present in otherwise healthy individuals. In SLE, antibodies to Z-DNA can occur in association with antibodies to B-DNA as a cross-reactive response, rising and falling together. While formed transiently in chromosomal DNA, Z-DNA is stably present in bacterial biofilms; biofilms can provide protection against antibiotics and other challenges including elements of host defence. The high GC content of certain bacterial DNA also favours Z-DNA formation as do DNA-binding proteins of bacterial or host origin. Together, these findings suggest that sources of Z-DNA can enhance the immunogenicity of DNA and, in SLE, stimulate the production of cross-reactive antibodies that bind both B-DNA and Z-DNA. As such, DNA can act as a molecular chameleon that, when stabilised in the Z-DNA conformation, can drive autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Medical Research, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan Herbert
- InsideOutBio Inc, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Arya SB, Collie SP, Xu Y, Fernandez M, Sexton JZ, Mosalaganti S, Coulombe PA, Parent CA. Neutrophils secrete exosome-associated DNA to resolve sterile acute inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.21.590456. [PMID: 38712240 PMCID: PMC11071349 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.21.590456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Acute inflammation, characterized by a rapid influx of neutrophils, is a protective response that can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases when left unresolved. Secretion of LTB 4 -containing exosomes is required for effective neutrophil infiltration during inflammation. In this study, we show that neutrophils release nuclear DNA in a non-lytic, rapid, and repetitive manner, via a mechanism distinct from suicidal NET release and cell death. The packaging of nuclear DNA occurs in the lumen of nuclear envelope (NE)-derived multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that harbor the LTB 4 synthesizing machinery and is mediated by the lamin B receptor (LBR) and chromatin decondensation. Disruption of secreted exosome-associated DNA (SEAD) in a model of sterile inflammation in mouse skin amplifies and prolongs the presence of neutrophils, impeding the onset of resolution. Together, these findings advance our understanding of neutrophil functions during inflammation and the physiological significance of NETs, with implications for novel treatments for inflammatory disorders.
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7
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Birkemeier M, Swindle A, Bowman J, Lynch VJ. Pervasive loss of regulated necrotic cell death genes in elephants, hyraxes, and sea cows ( Paenungualta). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588129. [PMID: 38617256 PMCID: PMC11014510 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Gene loss can promote phenotypic differences between species, for example, if a gene constrains phenotypic variation in a trait, its loss allows for the evolution of a greater range of variation or even new phenotypes. Here, we explore the contribution of gene loss to the evolution of large bodies and augmented cancer resistance in elephants. We used genomes from 17 Afrotherian and Xenarthran species to identify lost genes, i.e., genes that have pseudogenized or been completely lost, and Dollo parsimony to reconstruct the evolutionary history of gene loss across species. We unexpectedly discovered a burst of gene losses in the Afrotherian stem lineage and found that the loss of genes with functions in regulated necrotic cell death modes was pervasive in elephants, hyraxes, and sea cows (Paenungulata). Among the lost genes are MLKL and RIPK3, which mediate necroptosis, and sensors that activate inflammasomes to induce pyroptosis, including AIM2, MEFV, NLRC4, NLRP1, and NLRP6. These data suggest that the mechanisms that regulate necrosis and pyroptosis are either extremely derived or potentially lost in these lineages, which may contribute to the repeated evolution of large bodies and cancer resistance in Paenungulates as well as susceptibility to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Birkemeier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 551 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Arianna Swindle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 551 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Bowman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 551 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vincent J. Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 551 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
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8
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Wu X, Nagy LE, Gautheron J. Mediators of necroptosis: from cell death to metabolic regulation. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:219-237. [PMID: 38195700 PMCID: PMC10897313 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism distinct from apoptosis, has garnered attention for its role in various pathological conditions. While initially recognized for its involvement in cell death, recent research has revealed that key necroptotic mediators, including receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), possess additional functions that go beyond inducing cell demise. These functions encompass influencing critical aspects of metabolic regulation, such as energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Dysregulated necroptosis has been implicated in metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), contributing to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. This review provides insight into the multifaceted role of necroptosis, encompassing both cell death and these extra-necroptotic functions, in the context of metabolic diseases. Understanding this intricate interplay is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies in diseases that currently lack effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, 75012, France.
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9
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Tu H, Ren H, Jiang J, Shao C, Shi Y, Li P. Dying to Defend: Neutrophil Death Pathways and their Implications in Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306457. [PMID: 38044275 PMCID: PMC10885667 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, accounting for ≈70% of human peripheral leukocytes, are key cells countering bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophil homeostasis involves a balance between cell maturation, migration, aging, and eventual death. Neutrophils undergo different death pathways depending on their interactions with microbes and external environmental cues. Neutrophil death has significant physiological implications and leads to distinct immunological outcomes. This review discusses the multifarious neutrophil death pathways, including apoptosis, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, and outlines their effects on immune responses and disease progression. Understanding the multifaceted aspects of neutrophil death, the intersections among signaling pathways and ramifications of immunity will help facilitate the development of novel therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Tu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Haoyu Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Peishan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
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10
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Zhu YP, Speir M, Tan Z, Lee JC, Nowell CJ, Chen AA, Amatullah H, Salinger AJ, Huang CJ, Wu G, Peng W, Askari K, Griffis E, Ghassemian M, Santini J, Gerlic M, Kiosses WB, Catz SD, Hoffman HM, Greco KF, Weller E, Thompson PR, Wong LP, Sadreyev R, Jeffrey KL, Croker BA. NET formation is a default epigenetic program controlled by PAD4 in apoptotic neutrophils. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1397. [PMID: 38117877 PMCID: PMC10732518 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) not only counteract bacterial and fungal pathogens but can also promote thrombosis, autoimmunity, and sterile inflammation. The presence of citrullinated histones, generated by the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), is synonymous with NETosis and is considered independent of apoptosis. Mitochondrial- and death receptor-mediated apoptosis promote gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent calcium mobilization and membrane permeabilization leading to histone H3 citrullination (H3Cit), nuclear DNA extrusion, and cytoplast formation. H3Cit is concentrated at the promoter in bone marrow neutrophils and redistributes in a coordinated process from promoter to intergenic and intronic regions during apoptosis. Loss of GSDME prevents nuclear and plasma membrane disruption of apoptotic neutrophils but prolongs early apoptosis-induced cellular changes to the chromatin and cytoplasmic granules. Apoptotic signaling engages PAD4 in neutrophils, establishing a cellular state that is primed for NETosis, but that occurs only upon membrane disruption by GSDME, thereby redefining the end of life for neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Peipei Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Speir
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - ZheHao Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jamie Casey Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alyce A. Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hajera Amatullah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ari J. Salinger
- Program in Chemical Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Carolyn J. Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gio Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kasra Askari
- Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric Griffis
- Nikon Imaging Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Biomolecular and Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer Santini
- UCSD School of Medicine Microscopy Core, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093, CA, USA
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | - Hal M. Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kimberly F. Greco
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Edie Weller
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Program in Chemical Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lai Ping Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kate L. Jeffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ben A. Croker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Souza FW, Miao EA. Neutrophils only die twice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadm8715. [PMID: 38117906 PMCID: PMC10732514 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
After apoptotic cell death begins neutrophils initiate NETosis, a second cell death program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando W. Souza
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Edward A. Miao
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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12
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Lei YX, Liu Y, Xing LH, Wu YJ, Wang XY, Meng FH, Lou YN, Ma ZG, Yuan L, Yu SX. The pseudokinase MLKL contributes to host defense against Streptococcus pluranimalium infection by mediating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and extracellular trap formation. Virulence 2023; 14:2258057. [PMID: 37743649 PMCID: PMC10732671 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2258057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Host innate immunity plays a pivotal role in the early detection and neutralization of invading pathogens. Here, we show that pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase-like protein (MLKL) is required for host defence against Streptococcus pluranimalium infection by enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and extracellular trap formation. Notably, Mlkl deficiency leads to increased mortality, increased bacterial colonization, severe destruction of organ architecture, and elevated inflammatory cell infiltration in murine models of S. pluranimalium pulmonary and systemic infection. In vivo and in vitro data provided evidence that potassium efflux-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome signalling downstream of active MLKL confers host protection against S. pluranimalium infection and initiates bacterial killing and clearance. Moreover, Mlkl deficiency results in defects in extracellular trap-mediated bactericidal activity. In summary, this study revealed that MLKL mediates the host defence response to S. pluranimalium, and suggests that MLKL is a potential drug target for preventing and controlling pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Animal Husbandry Institute, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, China
| | - Li-Hua Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xue-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fan-Hua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ya-Nan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhao-Guo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shui-Xing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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13
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Zhu W, Yang S, Meng D, Wang Q, Ji J. Targeting NADPH Oxidase and Integrin α5β1 to Inhibit Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Mediated Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16001. [PMID: 37958984 PMCID: PMC10650826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis leads to a high mortality rate in colorectal cancer (CRC). Increased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation is one of the main causes of metastasis. However, the mechanism of NETs-mediated metastasis remains unclear and effective treatments are lacking. In this study, we found neutrophils from CRC patients have enhanced NETs formation capacity and increased NETs positively correlate with CRC progression. By quantitative proteomic analysis of clinical samples and cell lines, we found that decreased secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) results in massive NETs formation and integrin α5β1 is the hub protein of NETs-tumor cell interaction. Mechanistically, SPARC regulates the activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) pathway by interacting with the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1). Over-activated NADPH oxidase generates more reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the release of NETs. Then, NETs upregulate the expression of integrin α5β1 in tumor cells, which enhances adhesion and activates the downstream signaling pathways to promote proliferation and migration. The combination of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and integrin α5β1 inhibitor ATN-161 (Ac-PHSCN-NH2) effectively suppresses tumor progression in vivo. Our work reveals the mechanistic link between NETs and tumor progression and suggests a combination therapy against NETs-mediated metastasis for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Delan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Z.); (S.Y.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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14
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Van Damme KFA, Hertens P, Martens A, Gilis E, Priem D, Bruggeman I, Fossoul A, Declercq J, Aegerter H, Wullaert A, Hochepied T, Hoste E, Vande Walle L, Lamkanfi M, Savvides SN, Elewaut D, Lambrecht BN, van Loo G. Protein citrullination and NET formation do not contribute to the pathology of A20/TNFAIP3 mutant mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17992. [PMID: 37865713 PMCID: PMC10590390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A20 serves as a critical brake on NF-κB-dependent inflammation. In humans, polymorphisms in or near the TNFAIP3/A20 gene have been linked to various inflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Experimental gene knockout studies in mice have confirmed A20 as a susceptibility gene for SLE and RA. Here, we examine the significance of protein citrullination and NET formation in the autoimmune pathology of A20 mutant mice because autoimmunity directed against citrullinated antigens released by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is central to the pathogenesis of RA and SLE. Furthermore, genetic variants impairing the deubiquitinase (DUB) function of A20 have been shown to contribute to autoimmune susceptibility. Our findings demonstrate that genetic disruption of A20 DUB function in A20 C103R knockin mice does not result in autoimmune pathology. Moreover, we show that PAD4 deficiency, which abolishes protein citrullination and NET formation, does not prevent the development of autoimmunity in A20 deficient mice. Collectively, these findings provide experimental confirmation that PAD4-dependent protein citrullination and NET formation do not serve as pathogenic mechanisms in the development of RA and SLE pathology in mice with A20 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel F A Van Damme
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Hertens
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Martens
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Gilis
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dario Priem
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Bruggeman
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amelie Fossoul
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jozefien Declercq
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Aegerter
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Wullaert
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Proteinscience, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tino Hochepied
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Sergunova V, Inozemtsev V, Vorobjeva N, Kozlova E, Sherstyukova E, Lyapunova S, Chernysh A. Morphology of Neutrophils during Their Activation and NETosis: Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Cells 2023; 12:2199. [PMID: 37681931 PMCID: PMC10486724 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Confocal microscopy and fluorescence staining of cellular structures are commonly used to study neutrophil activation and NETosis. However, they do not reveal the specific characteristics of the neutrophil membrane surface, its nanostructure, and morphology. The aim of this study was to reveal the topography and nanosurface characteristics of neutrophils during activation and NETosis using atomic force microscopy (AFM). We showed the main stages of neutrophil activation and NETosis, which include control cell spreading, cell fragment formation, fusion of nuclear segments, membrane disruption, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and final cell disintegration. Changes in neutrophil membrane nanosurface parameters during activation and NETosis were quantified. It was shown that with increasing activation time there was a decrease in the spectral intensity of the spatial periods. Exposure to the activator A23187 resulted in an increase in the number and average size of cell fragments over time. Exposure to the activators A23187 and PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) caused the same pattern of cell transformation from spherical cells with segmented nuclei to disrupted cells with NET release. A23187 induced NETosis earlier than PMA, but PMA resulted in more cells with NETosis at the end of the specified time interval (180 min). In our study, we used AFM as the main research tool. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) images are provided for identification and detailed analysis of the phenomena studied. In this way, we exploited the advantages of both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Sergunova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Vladimir Inozemtsev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Vorobjeva
- Department of Immunology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Kozlova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sherstyukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Snezhanna Lyapunova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleksandr Chernysh
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
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16
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Li S, Wang H, Shao Q. The central role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and by-products in COVID-19 related pulmonary thrombosis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e949. [PMID: 37647446 PMCID: PMC10461423 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular trap networks (neutrophil extracellular traps [NETs]) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils are mesh-like substances that prevent the spread of pathogens. They primarily consist of DNA skeletons, histones, granule components, and cytoplasmic proteins. NETs formation requires a certain environment and there are different pathways for NETs production. However, it is still not clear how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) promotes NETs. NETs exert antiinflammatory effects through immune response, while they can also lead to certain adverse outcomes, such as the development of immunothrombosis. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an inflammatory reaction affecting various organs caused by SARS-CoV-2, especially the lungs. NETs production and disease severity are linked with unique neutrophil clusters by single-cell RNA sequencing. NETs might exert an anti-inflammatory role in the initial stage of lung tissue inflammation. Nevertheless, numerous studies and cases have shown that they can also result in pulmonary thrombosis. There is mounting evidence that NETs are tightly related with COVID-19 pulmonary thrombosis, and many studies on the mechanisms are involved. The role and mechanism of NETs in the development of pulmonary thrombosis will be the main topics of this manuscript. Additionally, we address the potential targeting of NETs in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineJiangsu College of NursingHuai'anJiangsuChina
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17
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Youn C, Pontaza C, Wang Y, Dikeman DA, Joyce DP, Alphonse MP, Wu MJ, Nolan SJ, Anany MA, Ahmadi M, Young J, Tocaj A, Garza LA, Wajant H, Miller LS, Archer NK. Neutrophil-intrinsic TNF receptor signaling orchestrates host defense against Staphylococcus aureus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8748. [PMID: 37327341 PMCID: PMC10275602 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections and is a major health burden due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. To address the unmet need of alternative treatments to antibiotics, a better understanding of the protective immune mechanisms against S. aureus skin infection is warranted. Here, we report that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoted protection against S. aureus in the skin, which was mediated by bone marrow-derived immune cells. Furthermore, neutrophil-intrinsic TNF receptor (TNFR) signaling directed immunity against S. aureus skin infections. Mechanistically, TNFR1 promoted neutrophil recruitment to the skin, whereas TNFR2 prevented systemic bacterial dissemination and directed neutrophil antimicrobial functions. Treatment with a TNFR2 agonist showed therapeutic efficacy against S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infections, which involved increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Our findings revealed nonredundant roles for TNFR1 and TNFR2 in neutrophils for immunity against S. aureus and can be therapeutically targeted for protection against bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cristina Pontaza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dustin A. Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Daniel P. Joyce
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Meng-Jen Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sabrina J. Nolan
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Anany
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Research Center, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Michael Ahmadi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jeremy Young
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Aron Tocaj
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Luis A. Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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18
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Wu X, Fan X, McMullen MR, Miyata T, Kim A, Pathak V, Wu J, Day LZ, Hardesty JE, Welch N, Dasarathy J, Allende DS, McCullough AJ, Jacobs JM, Rotroff DM, Dasarathy S, Nagy LE. Macrophage-derived MLKL in alcohol-associated liver disease: Regulation of phagocytosis. Hepatology 2023; 77:902-919. [PMID: 35689613 PMCID: PMC9741663 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), a key terminal effector of necroptosis, also plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking that is critical for regulating liver inflammation and injury in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Although receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (Rip3)-/- mice are completely protected from ethanol-induced liver injury, Mlkl-/- mice are only partially protected. Therefore, we hypothesized that cell-specific functions of MLKL may contribute to ethanol-induced injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Bone marrow transplants between Mlkl-/- mice and littermates were conducted to distinguish the role of myeloid versus nonmyeloid Mlkl in the Gao-binge model of ALD. Ethanol-induced hepatic injury, steatosis, and inflammation were exacerbated in Mlkl-/- →wild-type (WT) mice, whereas Mlkl deficiency in nonmyeloid cells (WT→ Mlkl-/- ) had no effect on Gao-binge ethanol-induced injury. Importantly, Mlkl deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbated ethanol-mediated bacterial burden and accumulation of immune cells in livers. Mechanistically, challenging macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated expression and phosphorylation of MLKL, as well as translocation and oligomerization of MLKL to intracellular compartments, including phagosomes and lysosomes but not plasma membrane. Importantly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of MLKL suppressed the phagocytic capability of primary mouse Kupffer cells (KCs) at baseline and in response to LPS with/without ethanol as well as peripheral monocytes isolated from both healthy controls and patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis. Further, in vivo studies revealed that KCs of Mlkl-/- mice phagocytosed fewer bioparticles than KCs of WT mice. CONCLUSION Together, these data indicate that myeloid MLKL restricts ethanol-induced liver inflammation and injury by regulating hepatic immune cell homeostasis and macrophage phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiude Fan
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vai Pathak
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Le Z. Day
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Josiah E. Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nicole Welch
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaividhya Dasarathy
- Department of Family Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Arthur J. McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jon M. Jacobs
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Daniel M. Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Endocrine and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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19
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Tovey Crutchfield EC, Garnish SE, Day J, Anderton H, Chiou S, Hempel A, Hall C, Patel KM, Gangatirkar P, Martin KR, Li Wai Suen CSN, Garnham AL, Kueh AJ, Wicks IP, Silke J, Nachbur U, Samson AL, Murphy JM, Hildebrand JM. MLKL deficiency protects against low-grade, sterile inflammation in aged mice. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1059-1071. [PMID: 36755069 PMCID: PMC10070424 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MLKL and RIPK3 are the core signaling proteins of the inflammatory cell death pathway, necroptosis, which is a known mediator and modifier of human disease. Necroptosis has been implicated in the progression of disease in almost every physiological system and recent reports suggest a role for necroptosis in aging. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of age-related histopathological and immunological phenotypes in a cohort of Mlkl-/- and Ripk3-/- mice on a congenic C57BL/6 J genetic background. We show that genetic deletion of Mlkl in female mice interrupts immune system aging, specifically delaying the age-related reduction of circulating lymphocytes. -Seventeen-month-old Mlkl-/- female mice were also protected against age-related chronic sterile inflammation in connective tissue and skeletal muscle relative to wild-type littermate controls, exhibiting a reduced number of immune cell infiltrates in these sites and fewer regenerating myocytes. These observations implicate MLKL in age-related sterile inflammation, suggesting a possible application for long-term anti-necroptotic therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Tovey Crutchfield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Day
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shene Chiou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Hempel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Komal M Patel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Katherine R Martin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ueli Nachbur
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre L Samson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Glukhareva AE, Afonin GV, Melnikova AA, Grivtsova LY, Kolobaev IV, Ivanov SA, Kaprin AD. The NETosis phenomena as a functional features of peripheral blood neutrophils and its role in the pathogenesis of infections and oncological diseases: A review. JOURNAL OF MODERN ONCOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2022.4.201786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The review is devoted to the analysis of the mechanism of NETosis and the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils. Neutrophil traps are DNA strands, histones and proteins that are involved in autoimmune diseases, COVID-19, as well as in the pathogenesis of other non-communicable diseases. Based on the literature data, the role of NETosis in the development oncological diseases is analyzed. Two types of neutrophils have been characterized: low-density neutrophils and high-density neutrophils. In particular, the significance of this phenomenon in the progression and metastasis of the cancer. A detailed study of this issue will be useful both from a fundamental standpoint regarding the disclosure of the mechanisms of the metastatic cascade, and from a practical point of view for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of metastatic tumors.
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21
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Guo W, Gong Q, Zong X, Wu D, Li Y, Xiao H, Song J, Zhang S, Fu S, Feng Z, Zhuang L. GPR109A controls neutrophil extracellular traps formation and improve early sepsis by regulating ROS/PAD4/Cit-H3 signal axis. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 36721229 PMCID: PMC9887879 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is the key means for neutrophils to resist bacterial invasion. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection. METHODS In our study, qRT-PCR was used to detect the gene expression in neutrophils, Western blot was used to detect the protein expression in mouse tissues and neutrophils, flow cytometry was used to detect the purity of neutrophils in the whole blood and immunofluorescence was used to detect the NETs formation. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the NETs formation in the blood of patients with sepsis. The results showed that a large number of NETs appeared. And the expression of GPR109A in neutrophils of patients with sepsis was significantly up regulated. Then we collected neutrophils from WT mice and GPR109A-/- mice and found that GPR109A knockout could significantly inhibit the early NETs formation of neutrophils. The results also showed that knockout of GPR109A or inhibition of the NETs formation could increase the inflammatory response of liver, spleen, lung and kidney in mice, thus affecting the disease process of sepsis. Then we observed the death of mice in 16 days. The results showed that inhibiting the NETs formation could significantly affect the early mortality of mice, while knocking out GPR109A could directly affect the mortality of the whole period. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the regulatory effect of GPR109A on early NETs formation for the first time, and provided a new target for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Guo
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Qian Gong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310030 China
| | - Xiaofeng Zong
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Dianjun Wu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Yuhang Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union, Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 China
| | - Jie Song
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Institute of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Institute of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Institute of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhuang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Institute of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, China
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22
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Onal T, Ozgul-Onal M, Chefetz I. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase: Conventional (necroptosis) and unconventional (necroptosis-independent) functions and features. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:225-243. [PMID: 36858737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) is the terminal and indispensable mediator of necroptosis. Necroptosis, also known as programmed cell necrosis, is a caspase-independent cell death mechanism involved in various pathologic and inflammatory processes. Triggering necroptosis could be an alternative approach in treating apoptosis-resistant cancer cells to prevent recurrent disease. In addition to its function in necroptosis, MLKL plays a role as a regulator in many cellular processes independent of necroptosis. A better understanding of the intracellular function of MLKL and its role in various diseases and pathologic conditions is needed to enable discovery of new targeted therapies. Various necroptosis-dependent and independent functions of MLKL are reviewed in this chapter, with a focus on functions of MLKL in necroptosis, autophagy, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and endosomal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Onal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Melike Ozgul-Onal
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ilana Chefetz
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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23
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RIPK1 and RIPK3 in antibacterial defence. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1583-1594. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20211242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Upon sensing pathogenic bacterial infection, host cells activate a multitude of inflammatory and immunogenic responses to promote bacterial clearance and restore tissue homeostasis. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are two key players in antimicrobial defence, by either driving inflammatory signalling or inducing programmed cell death activation, ranging from apoptosis, pyroptosis to necroptosis. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms by which RIPK1 and RIPK3 promote the assembly of death-inducing complexes and how these cell death pathways are activated as host responses to counteract pathogenic bacteria. We further outline the immunological importance of cell death in antibacterial defence and highlight outstanding questions in the field.
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24
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Wan Y, Shen J, Ouyang J, Dong P, Hong Y, Liang L, Liu J. Bibliometric and visual analysis of neutrophil extracellular traps from 2004 to 2022. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025861. [PMID: 36341351 PMCID: PMC9634160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are specialized structures formed by neutrophils that were initially found to be important in killing pathogenic bacteria during infection. With the development of related research, the relationship between NETs and diseases such as sepsis, cancer, and systemic lupus erythematosus has received close attention. However, there is a lack of reports that comprehensively and objectively present the current status of NETs-related studies. Therefore, this study aims to visually analyze the current status and trends of NETs-related research by means of bibliometrics and knowledge mapping. Methods NETs-related articles and reviews were retrieved using the Web of Science core collection subject search, and bibliometric analysis was performed in Excel 365, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix (R-Tool of R-Studio). Results A total of 4866 publications from 2004 to 2022 were included in the bibliometric analysis. The number of publications shows an increasing trend from year to year. Collaborative network analysis shows that the United States and Germany are the most influential countries in this field, with the highest number of publications and citations. The journal with the most publications is Frontiers in Immunology. Brinkmann Volker is an authoritative author in this field, and his publication "Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria" is the most frequently cited. The literature and keyword analysis shows that the relationship between NETs and diseases (hematological diseases, sepsis, cancer, etc.) and cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, etc.) is a popular research topic. Currently, NETs and SARS-CoV-2-related studies are at the forefront of the field. Conclusion This study is the first to visualize the research in NETs-related fields using bibliometric methods, revealing the trends and frontiers of NETs research. This study will provide valuable references for scholars to find research focus questions and partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Dong
- College of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jinghua Liu,
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25
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Caspase-1-driven neutrophil pyroptosis and its role in host susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010305. [PMID: 35849616 PMCID: PMC9345480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple regulated neutrophil cell death programs contribute to host defense against infections. However, despite expressing all necessary inflammasome components, neutrophils are thought to be generally defective in Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. By screening different bacterial species, we found that several Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains trigger Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in human and murine neutrophils. Notably, deletion of Exotoxins U or S in P. aeruginosa enhanced neutrophil death to Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, suggesting that these exotoxins interfere with this pathway. Mechanistically, P. aeruginosa Flagellin activates the NLRC4 inflammasome, which supports Caspase-1-driven interleukin (IL)-1β secretion and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent neutrophil pyroptosis. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa-induced GSDMD activation triggers Calcium-dependent and Peptidyl Arginine Deaminase-4-driven histone citrullination and translocation of neutrophil DNA into the cell cytosol without inducing extracellular Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Finally, we show that neutrophil Caspase-1 contributes to IL-1β production and susceptibility to pyroptosis-inducing P. aeruginosa strains in vivo. Overall, we demonstrate that neutrophils are not universally resistant for Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. Neutrophils play an essential role against infections. Although multiple neutrophil death programs contribute to host defense against infections, neutrophils are thought to be defective in Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. We screened several microbial species for the capacity to overcome neutrophil resistance to Caspase-1-driven pyroptosis, and show that the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa specifically engages the NLRC4 inflammasome to promote Caspase-1-dependent Gasdermin D activation and subsequent neutrophil pyroptosis. Furthermore, NLRC4 inflammasome-driven pyroptosis leads to histone citrullination, nuclear DNA decondensation and expansion into the host cell cytosol. However, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) are not formed because DNA is kept in the intracellular space despite plasma membrane permeabilization and extracellular release of soluble and insoluble alarmins. Finally, in vivo P. aeruginosa infections highlight that Caspase-1-driven neutrophil pyroptosis is detrimental to the host upon P. aeruginosa infection. Altogether, our results demonstrate Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in neutrophils as a process that contributes to host susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection.
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26
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Colciaghi F, Costanza M. Unveiling Leukocyte Extracellular Traps in Inflammatory Responses of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915392. [PMID: 35844591 PMCID: PMC9283689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past nearly two decades, increasing evidence has uncovered how immune cells can actively extrude genetic material to entrap invading pathogens or convey sterile inflammatory signals that contribute to shaping immune responses. Originally identified in neutrophils, the release of decondensed chromatin fibers decorated with antimicrobial proteins, called extracellular traps (ETs), has been recognized as a specific form of programmed inflammatory cell death, which is now known to occur in several other leukocytes. Subsequent reports have shown that self-DNA can be extruded from immune cells even in the absence of cell death phenomena. More recent data suggest that ETs formation could exacerbate neuroinflammation in several disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). This review article provides an overview of the varied types, sources, and potential functions of extracellular DNA released by immune cells. Key evidence suggesting the involvement of ETs in neurodegenerative, traumatic, autoimmune, and oncological disorders of the CNS will be discussed, outlining ongoing challenges and drawing potentially novel lines of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Colciaghi
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Costanza
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimo Costanza,
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27
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Sebina I, Rashid RB, Sikder MAA, Rahman MM, Ahmed T, Radford-Smith DE, Kotenko SV, Hill GR, Bald T, Phipps S. IFN-λ Diminishes the Severity of Viral Bronchiolitis in Neonatal Mice by Limiting NADPH Oxidase-Induced PAD4-Independent NETosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2806-2816. [PMID: 35675958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infants with attenuated type III IFN (IFN-λ) responses are at increased risk of severe lower respiratory tract infection (sLRI). The IL-28Rα-chain and IL-10Rβ-chain form a heterodimeric receptor complex, necessary for IFN-λ signaling. Therefore, to better understand the immunopathogenic mechanisms through which an IFN-λlo microenvironment predisposes to a sLRI, we inoculated neonatal wild-type and IL-28R-deficient (IL-28R -/-) mice with pneumonia virus of mice, a rodent-specific pneumovirus. Infected IL-28R -/- neonates displayed an early, pronounced, and persistent neutrophilia that was associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NETosis, and mucus hypersecretion. Targeted deletion of the IL-28R in neutrophils was sufficient to increase neutrophil activation, ROS production, NET formation, and mucus production in the airways. Inhibition of protein-arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4), a regulator of NETosis, had no effect on myeloperoxidase expression, citrullinated histones, and the magnitude of the inflammatory response in the lungs of infected IL-28R -/- mice. In contrast, inhibition of ROS production decreased NET formation, cellular inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion. These data suggest that IFN-λ signaling in neutrophils dampens ROS-induced NETosis, limiting the magnitude of the inflammatory response and mucus production. Therapeutics that promote IFN-λ signaling may confer protection against sLRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sebina
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ridwan B Rashid
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Md Al Amin Sikder
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Muhammed Mahfuzur Rahman
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tufael Ahmed
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel E Radford-Smith
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tobias Bald
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; and
- Institute for Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Phipps
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Zhang Q, Ling S, Hu K, Liu J, Xu JW. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in NETosis in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112718. [PMID: 35176710 PMCID: PMC8841219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and stroke are the leading causes of death in the world. Numerous evidence has confirmed that hypertension promotes thrombosis and induces myocardial infarction and stroke. Recent findings reveal that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the induction of myocardial infarction and stroke. Meanwhile, patients with severe COVID-19 suffer from complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke with pathological signs of NETs. Due to the extremely low amount of virus detected in the blood and remote organs (e.g., heart, brain and kidney) in a few cases, it is difficult to explain the mechanism by which the virus triggers NETosis, and there may be a different mechanism than in the lung. A large number of studies have found that the renin-angiotensin system regulates the NETosis at multiple levels in patients with COVID-19, such as endocytosis of SARS-COV-2, abnormal angiotensin II levels, neutrophil activation and procoagulant function at multiple levels, which may contribute to the formation of reticular structure and thrombosis. The treatment of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and neutrophil recruitment and active antagonists helps to regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of net and thrombosis. The review will explore the possible role of the angiotensin system in the formation of NETs in severe COVID-19.
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29
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Rare catastrophes and evolutionary legacies: human germline gene variants in MLKL and the necroptosis signalling pathway. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:529-539. [PMID: 35166320 PMCID: PMC9022980 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death has long been characterised as a key player in the development of human disease. Necroptosis is a lytic form of programmed cell death that is universally mediated by the effector protein mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), a pseudokinase. MLKL's activating kinase, receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), is itself activated within context specific scaffolds of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Z-DNA Binding Protein-1 (ZBP1) or TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF). These core necroptosis modulating proteins have been comprehensively revealed as potent drivers and suppressors of disease in inbred mouse strains. However, their roles in human disease within the 'real world' of diverse genetic backgrounds, natural infection and environmental challenges remains less well understood. Over 20 unique disease-associated human germline gene variants in this core necroptotic machinery have been reported in the literature and human clinico-genetics databases like ClinVar to date. In this review, we provide an overview of these human gene variants, with an emphasis on those encoding MLKL. These experiments of nature have the potential to not only enrich our understanding of the basic biology of necroptosis, but offer important population level insights into which clinical indications stand to benefit most from necroptosis-targeted drugs.
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30
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Site-specific ubiquitination of MLKL targets it to endosomes and targets Listeria and Yersinia to the lysosomes. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:306-322. [PMID: 34999730 PMCID: PMC8816944 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) by the protein kinase RIPK3 targets MLKL to the cell membrane, where it triggers necroptotic cell death. We report that conjugation of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains to distinct lysine residues in the N-terminal HeLo domain of phosphorylated MLKL (facilitated by the ubiquitin ligase ITCH that binds MLKL via a WW domain) targets MLKL instead to endosomes. This results in the release of phosphorylated MLKL within extracellular vesicles. It also prompts enhanced endosomal trafficking of intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica to the lysosomes, resulting in decreased bacterial yield. Thus, MLKL can be directed by specific covalent modifications to differing subcellular sites, whence it signals either for cell death or for non-deadly defense mechanisms.
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31
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Monteith AJ, Miller JM, Williams JM, Voss K, Rathmell JC, Crofford LJ, Skaar EP. Altered Mitochondrial Homeostasis during Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Impairs Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Rendering Neutrophils Ineffective at Combating Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:454-463. [PMID: 34930781 PMCID: PMC8761356 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation involves a delicate balance between pathogen clearance and limiting host tissue damage, and perturbations in this equilibrium promote disease. Patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have higher levels of serum S100A9 protein and increased risk for infection. S100A9 is highly abundant within neutrophils and modulates antimicrobial activity in response to bacterial pathogens. We reasoned that increased serum S100A9 in SLE patients reflects accumulation of S100A9 protein in neutrophils and may indicate altered neutrophil function. In this study, we demonstrate elevated S100A9 protein within neutrophils from SLE patients, and MRL/lpr mice associates with lower mitochondrial superoxide, decreased suicidal neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and increased susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection. Furthermore, increasing mitochondrial superoxide production restored the antibacterial activity of MRL/lpr neutrophils in response to S. aureus These results demonstrate that accumulation of intracellular S100A9 associates with impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, thereby rendering SLE neutrophils inherently less bactericidal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Monteith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeanette M. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Williams
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelsey Voss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, & Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie J. Crofford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, & Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, & Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Address correspondence to
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32
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D'Cruz AA, Ericsson M, Croker BA. Non-apoptotic Cell Death Control of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2523:253-263. [PMID: 35759202 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2449-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of chromatin and microbicidal proteins released by neutrophils in response to infection and tissue damage. Although classically viewed as a discrete biochemical and cellular process in neutrophils, the effector pathways integrating diverse upstream activating signals to control the formation of NETs (NETosis) are poorly defined. Cell death is one such common unifying endpoint of neutrophils, with several bona fide non-apoptotic cell death agonists now described to initiate NETosis. Integrating these new genetic findings into our existing knowledge of NETosis will likely reveal varied cellular and biochemical processes controlling NET release and specific anti-microbial and inflammatory effector functions of NETs triggered by specific non-apoptotic cell death. To facilitate investigation of regulated cell death pathways in NETosis, we offer a detailed protocol for neutrophil purification from mouse bone marrow and human blood, analysis of NETs by flow cytometry, and validation by immunogold electron microscopy. Future studies may better define cell death-specific forms of NETosis and their influence on inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay A D'Cruz
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. Akshay.D'
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben A Croker
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Guo Y, Gao F, Wang X, Pan Z, Wang Q, Xu S, Pan S, Li L, Zhao D, Qian J. Spontaneous formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is associated with autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24005. [PMID: 34907287 PMCID: PMC8671464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), via NETosis, as a defense mechanism against pathogens. Neutrophils can release NETs spontaneously; however, the mechanisms underlying spontaneous NETosis remain unclear. Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors were tested for NET formation and autophagy at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after incubation. Autophagy response was evaluated in response to various autophagy inducers and inhibitors. The relationship between autophagy and NETosis was detected in vivo using an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of asthma. We found that the increase in the proportion of spontaneous NETosis was time-dependent. The number of autophagy-positive cells also increased over time and LC3B protein played an integral role in NET formation. Trehalose (an inducer of mTOR-independent autophagy) treatment significantly increased NET formation, whereas rapamycin (an mTOR-dependent autophagy inducer) did not increase NET release by neutrophils. Compared with the control group, 3-methyladenine (an autophagy sequestration inhibitor) and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibitor) treatments significantly reduced the percentage of NET-positive cells. In vivo studies on ovalbumin-induced asthma lung sections revealed NETs and LC3B and citH3 proteins were found to co-localize with DNA. Our findings suggest that autophagy plays a crucial role in aging-related spontaneous NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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34
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Zhu YP, Shamie I, Lee JC, Nowell CJ, Peng W, Angulo S, Le LN, Liu Y, Miao H, Xiong H, Pena CJ, Moreno E, Griffis E, Labou SG, Franco A, Broderick L, Hoffman HM, Shimizu C, Lewis NE, Kanegaye JT, Tremoulet AH, Burns JC, Croker BA. Immune response to intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with Kawasaki disease and MIS-C. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e147076. [PMID: 34464357 DOI: 10.1172/jci147076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but potentially severe illness that follows exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Kawasaki disease (KD) shares several clinical features with MIS-C, which prompted the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a mainstay therapy for KD. Both diseases share a robust activation of the innate immune system, including the IL-1 signaling pathway, and IL-1 blockade has been used for the treatment of both MIS-C and KD. The mechanism of action of IVIG in these 2 diseases and the cellular source of IL-1β have not been defined.METHODSThe effects of IVIG on peripheral blood leukocyte populations from patients with MIS-C and KD were examined using flow cytometry and mass cytometry (CyTOF) and live-cell imaging.RESULTSCirculating neutrophils were highly activated in patients with KD and MIS-C and were a major source of IL-1β. Following IVIG treatment, activated IL-1β+ neutrophils were reduced in the circulation. In vitro, IVIG was a potent activator of neutrophil cell death via PI3K and NADPH oxidase, but independently of caspase activation.CONCLUSIONSActivated neutrophils expressing IL-1β can be targeted by IVIG, supporting its use in both KD and MIS-C to ameliorate inflammation.FUNDINGPatient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; NIH; American Asthma Foundation; American Heart Association; Novo Nordisk Foundation; NIGMS; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac Shamie
- Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jamie C Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Mathematics
| | | | - Linh Nn Le
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lori Broderick
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John T Kanegaye
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Adriana H Tremoulet
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jane C Burns
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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35
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Monteith AJ, Miller JM, Maxwell CN, Chazin WJ, Skaar EP. Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance macrophage killing of bacterial pathogens. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2101. [PMID: 34516771 PMCID: PMC8442908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils and macrophages are critical to the innate immune response, but cooperative mechanisms used by these cells to combat extracellular pathogens are not well understood. This study reveals that S100A9-deficient neutrophils produce higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide in response to Staphylococcus aureus and, as a result, form neutrophil extracellular traps (suicidal NETosis). Increased suicidal NETosis does not improve neutrophil killing of S. aureus in isolation but augments macrophage killing. NET formation enhances antibacterial activity by increasing phagocytosis by macrophages and by transferring neutrophil-specific antimicrobial peptides to them. Similar results were observed in response to other phylogenetically distinct bacterial pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, implicating this as an immune defense mechanism that broadly enhances antibacterial activity. These results demonstrate that achieving maximal bactericidal activity through NET formation requires macrophages and that accelerated and more robust suicidal NETosis makes neutrophils adept at increasing antibacterial activity, especially when A9 deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Monteith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeanette M. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C. Noel Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Walter J. Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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36
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Schulz C, Petzold T, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H. Macrophage Regulation of Granulopoiesis and Neutrophil Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:182-191. [PMID: 33107319 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Neutrophils are potent effector cells of innate immunity requiring precise regulation of their numbers and functions in blood and tissues. Recent Advances: Macrophages have emerged as modulators of neutrophil properties. In inflammatory conditions, tissue macrophages modulate neutrophil trafficking and activation. Further, macrophages govern granulopoiesis in the bone marrow hematopoietic niche. Interactions of macrophages and neutrophils can be induced by cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns, and they are also regulated by oxidative signaling. Critical Issues: We review the impact of macrophages on neutrophil development and function, and its consequences in health and disease. Future Directions: Targeting the liaison between macrophages and neutrophils might provide an interesting therapeutic strategy to reduce tissue inflammation and promote immune tolerance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 182-191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany
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37
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Martens S, Bridelance J, Roelandt R, Vandenabeele P, Takahashi N. MLKL in cancer: more than a necroptosis regulator. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1757-1772. [PMID: 33953348 PMCID: PMC8184805 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) emerged as executioner of necroptosis, a RIPK3-dependent form of regulated necrosis. Cell death evasion is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Besides apoptosis, some cancers suppress necroptosis-associated mechanisms by for example epigenetic silencing of RIPK3 expression. Conversely, necroptosis-elicited inflammation by cancer cells can fuel tumor growth. Recently, necroptosis-independent functions of MLKL were unraveled in receptor internalization, ligand-receptor degradation, endosomal trafficking, extracellular vesicle formation, autophagy, nuclear functions, axon repair, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and inflammasome regulation. Little is known about the precise role of MLKL in cancer and whether some of these functions are involved in cancer development and metastasis. Here, we discuss current knowledge and controversies on MLKL, its structure, necroptosis-independent functions, expression, mutations, and its potential role as a pro- or anti-cancerous factor. Analysis of MLKL expression patterns reveals that MLKL is upregulated by type I/II interferon, conditions of inflammation, and tissue injury. Overall, MLKL may affect cancer development and metastasis through necroptosis-dependent and -independent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Martens
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Bridelance
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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38
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The Role of the Key Effector of Necroptotic Cell Death, MLKL, in Mouse Models of Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060803. [PMID: 34071602 PMCID: PMC8227991 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is an inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death that is thought to have evolved to defend against pathogens. Genetic deletion of the terminal effector protein—MLKL—shows no overt phenotype in the C57BL/6 mouse strain under conventional laboratory housing conditions. Small molecules that inhibit necroptosis by targeting the kinase activity of RIPK1, one of the main upstream conduits to MLKL activation, have shown promise in several murine models of non-infectious disease and in phase II human clinical trials. This has triggered in excess of one billion dollars (USD) in investment into the emerging class of necroptosis blocking drugs, and the potential utility of targeting the terminal effector is being closely scrutinised. Here we review murine models of disease, both genetic deletion and mutation, that investigate the role of MLKL. We summarize a series of examples from several broad disease categories including ischemia reperfusion injury, sterile inflammation, pathogen infection and hematological stress. Elucidating MLKL’s contribution to mouse models of disease is an important first step to identify human indications that stand to benefit most from MLKL-targeted drug therapies.
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39
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O'Sullivan KM, Holdsworth SR. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Potential Therapeutic Target in MPO-ANCA Associated Vasculitis? Front Immunol 2021; 12:635188. [PMID: 33790907 PMCID: PMC8005609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of immune recognition and response to infection and non-infectious forms of cell damage and death is rapidly increasing. The major focus is on host immunity and microbiological invasion. However, it is also clear that these same pathways are important in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmunity and the damage caused to targeted organs. Understanding the involvement of cell death in autoimmune disease is likely to help define critical pathways in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune disease and new therapeutic targets. An important immune responder cell population in host defense and autoimmunity is the neutrophil. One autoimmune disease where neutrophils play important roles is MPO-ANCA Microscopic Vasculitis. This a severe disease that results from inflammation to small blood vessels in the kidney, the glomeruli (high blood flow and pressure filters). One of the best studied ways in which neutrophils participate in this disease is by cell death through NETosis resulting in the discharge of proinflammatory enzymes and nuclear fragments. In host defense against infection this process helps neutralize pathogens however in auto immunity NETosis results in injury and death to the surrounding healthy tissues. The major autoimmune target in this disease is myeloperoxidase (MPO) which is found uniquely in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. Although the kidney is the major organ targeted in this disease MPO is not expressed in the kidney. Autoantibodies target surface MPO on activated circulating neutrophils resulting in their lodgment in glomerular capillaries where they NETose releasing extracellularly MPO and nuclear fragments initiating injury and planting the key autoantigen MPO. It is the cell death of neutrophils that changes the kidney from innocent bystander to major autoimmune target. Defining the immunopathogenesis of this autoimmune disease and recognizing critical injurious pathways will allow therapeutic intervention to block these pathways and attenuate autoimmune injury. The insights (regarding mechanisms of injury and potential therapeutic targets) are likely to be highly relevant to many other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M O'Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen R Holdsworth
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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40
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Zhan C, Huang M, Yang X, Hou J. MLKL: Functions beyond serving as the Executioner of Necroptosis. Theranostics 2021; 11:4759-4769. [PMID: 33754026 PMCID: PMC7978304 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, necroptosis, as a programmed cell death pathway, has drawn much attention as it has been implicated in multiple pathologies, especially in the field of inflammatory diseases. Pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) serves as a terminal-known obligate effector in the process of necroptosis. To date, the majority of research on MLKL has focused on its role in necroptosis, and the prevailing view has been that the sole function of MLKL is to mediate necroptosis. However, increasing evidence indicates that MLKL can serve as a regulator of many diseases via its non-necroptotic functions. These functions of MLKL shed light on its functional complexity and diversity. In this review, we briefly introduce the current state of knowledge regarding the structure of MLKL, necroptosis signaling, as well as cross-linkages among necroptosis and other regulated cell death pathways, and we particularly highlight recent progress related to newly identified functions and inhibitors of MLKL. These discussions promote a better understanding of the role of MLKL in diseases, which will foster efforts to pharmacologically target this molecule in clinical treatments.
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41
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Soe YM, Bedoui S, Stinear TP, Hachani A. Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and host cell death pathways. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13317. [PMID: 33550697 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic human pathogen that is globally prevalent. Although S. aureus and humans may have co-evolved to the point of commensalism, the bacterium is equipped with virulence factors causing devastating infections. The adoption of an intracellular lifestyle by S. aureus is an important facet of its pathogenesis. Occupying a privileged intracellular compartment permits evasion from the bactericidal actions of host immunity and antibiotics. However, this localization exposes S. aureus to cell-intrinsic processes comprising autophagy, metabolic challenges and clearance mechanisms orchestrated by host programmed cell death pathways (PCDs), including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. Mounting evidence suggests that S. aureus deploys pathoadaptive mechanisms that modulate the expression of its virulence factors to prevent elimination through PCD pathways. In this review, we critically analyse the current literature on the interplay between S. aureus virulence factors with the key, intertwined nodes of PCD. We discuss how S. aureus adaptation to the human host plays an essential role in the evasion of PCD, and we consider future directions to study S. aureus-PCD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mon Soe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Guo Y, Gao F, Wang Q, Wang K, Pan S, Pan Z, Xu S, Li L, Zhao D. Differentiation of HL-60 cells in serum-free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 33732326 PMCID: PMC7903455 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures made of chromatin and have been identified to have a role in the host's immune defense. Differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells (dHL-60) have been used to study the mechanisms of NETs formation, as neutrophils have a short lifespan that limits their use. However, dHL-60 cells are inefficient at generating NETs and therefore are not ideal replacements for neutrophils in studying of NET formation. In the present study, the optimal cell culture conditions and differentiation time that result in the most effective release of NETs from dHL-60 cells upon stimulation were determined. HL-60 cells were cultured in serum (FBS) or serum-free (X-VIVO) medium and differentiated using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). dHL-60 cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or Ca2+ ionophore (CI). Cell differentiation and apoptosis, as well as the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) were analyzed using flow cytometry. NETs were visualized using fluorescence microscopy and NET quantification was performed using PicoGreen. Induction of HL-60 cells for five days produced the best results in terms of differentiation markers and cell viability. Both ATRA- and DMSO-induced dHL-60 cells were able to release NETs upon PMA and CI stimulation; dHL-60 cells in serum-free medium produced more NETs than those in serum-containing medium. DMSO-dHL-60 (X-VIVO) cells were most efficient at producing NETs and ROS upon stimulation with PMA, while ATRA-dHL-60 (X-VIVO) cells were most efficient at producing NETs and citH3 upon stimulation with CI. It was concluded that DMSO-dHL-60 (X-VIVO) may be a model for the study of ROS-high NETosis and ATRA-dHL-60 (X-VIVO) may be suitable for ROS-low NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Shiyao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Wang X, Avsec D, Obreza A, Yousefi S, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Simon HU. A Putative Serine Protease is Required to Initiate the RIPK3-MLKL-Mediated Necroptotic Death Pathway in Neutrophils. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:614928. [PMID: 33551816 PMCID: PMC7860068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion receptors, such as CD44, have been shown to activate receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3)—mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) signaling, leading to a non-apoptotic cell death in human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) – primed neutrophils. The signaling events of this necroptotic pathway, however, remain to be investigated. In the present study, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of novel serine protease inhibitors. Two of these inhibitors, compounds 1 and 3, were able to block CD44-triggered necroptosis in GM-CSF-primed neutrophils. Both inhibitors prevented the activation of MLKL, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3’—kinase (PI3K), hence blocking the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) required for cell death. Although compounds one and three partially inhibited isolated human neutrophil elastase (HNE) activity, we obtained no pharmacological evidence that HNE is involved in the initiation of this death pathway within a cellular context. Interestingly, neither serine protease inhibitor had any effect on FAS receptor-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that a serine protease is involved in non-apoptotic CD44-triggered RIPK3-MLKL-dependent neutrophil cell death, but not FAS receptor-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis. Thus, a pharmacological block on serine proteases might be beneficial for preventing exacerbation of disease in neutrophilic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damjan Avsec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Obreza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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44
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Vorobjeva NV, Chernyak BV. NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1178-1190. [PMID: 33202203 PMCID: PMC7590568 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NETosis is a program for formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of modified chromatin decorated with bactericidal proteins from granules and cytoplasm. Various pathogens, antibodies and immune complexes, cytokines, microcrystals, and other physiological stimuli can cause NETosis. Induction of NETosis depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the main source of which is NADPH oxidase. Activation of NADPH oxidase depends on increase in the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm and in some cases on the generation of ROS in mitochondria. NETosis includes release of the granule components into the cytosol, modification of histones leading to chromatin decondensation, destruction of the nuclear envelope, as well as formation of pores in the plasma membrane. In this review, basic mechanisms of NETosis, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of some diseases including COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vorobjeva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - B V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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45
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Weir A, Hughes S, Rashidi M, Hildebrand JM, Vince JE. Necroptotic movers and shakers: cell types, inflammatory drivers and diseases. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 68:83-97. [PMID: 33160107 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The necroptotic cell death pathway has received significant attention for its ability to trigger inflammatory responses and its potential involvement in related conditions. Recent insights into the essential membrane damaging necroptotic pseudokinase effector, Mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL), have revealed a number of diverse MLKL functions that contribute to the inflammatory nature of necroptosis. Here we review distinct MLKL signalling roles and document the immunogenic molecules released by necroptosis. We discuss specific in vivo MLKL-driven responses, the activation of inflammasome complexes and innate lymphoid cells, which have been documented to drive disease. Finally, we list necroptotic competent cell types and their involvement in MLKL-driven cell death-associated and inflammatory-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Weir
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Hughes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Maryam Rashidi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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46
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Rashidi M, Wicks IP, Vince JE. Inflammasomes and Cell Death: Common Pathways in Microparticle Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1003-1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rosazza T, Warner J, Sollberger G. NET formation - mechanisms and how they relate to other cell death pathways. FEBS J 2020; 288:3334-3350. [PMID: 33047496 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is an integral part of both infectious and sterile inflammatory reactions. Many cell death pathways cause the dying cell to lyse, thereby amplifying inflammation. A special form of lytic cell death is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), large structures of chromatin and antimicrobial proteins, which are released by dying neutrophils to capture extracellular pathogens and limit the spread of infections. The molecular mechanisms of NET formation remain incompletely understood. Recent research demonstrated substantial crosstalk between different cell death pathways, most notably between apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. Here, we review suicidal and vital NET formation and discuss potential crosstalk of their mechanisms of release with other forms of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Rosazza
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Jordan Warner
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Gabriel Sollberger
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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48
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Hoste E, Maueröder C, van Hove L, Catrysse L, Vikkula HK, Sze M, Maes B, Karjosukarso D, Martens L, Gonçalves A, Parthoens E, Roelandt R, Declercq W, Fuentes I, Palisson F, Gonzalez S, Salas-Alanis JC, Boon L, Huebener P, Mulder KW, Ravichandran K, Saeys Y, Schwabe RF, van Loo G. Epithelial HMGB1 Delays Skin Wound Healing and Drives Tumor Initiation by Priming Neutrophils for NET Formation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2689-2701.e4. [PMID: 31775038 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative responses predispose tissues to tumor formation by largely unknown mechanisms. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a danger-associated molecular pattern contributing to inflammatory pathologies. We show that HMGB1 derived from keratinocytes, but not myeloid cells, delays cutaneous wound healing and drives tumor formation. In wounds of mice lacking HMGB1 selectively in keratinocytes, a marked reduction in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is observed. Pharmacological targeting of HMGB1 or NETs prevents skin tumorigenesis and accelerates wound regeneration. HMGB1-dependent NET formation and skin tumorigenesis is orchestrated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and requires RIPK1 kinase activity. NETs are present in the microenvironment of keratinocyte-derived tumors in mice and lesional and tumor skin of patients suffering from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a disease in which skin blistering predisposes to tumorigenesis. We conclude that tumorigenicity of the wound microenvironment depends on epithelial-derived HMGB1 regulating NET formation, thereby establishing a mechanism linking reparative inflammation to tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Christian Maueröder
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisette van Hove
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Catrysse
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna-Kaisa Vikkula
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mozes Sze
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bastiaan Maes
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyah Karjosukarso
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbet Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio-Imaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eef Parthoens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio-Imaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ignacia Fuentes
- Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Genetica y Genomica, Clinica Allemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francis Palisson
- Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Gonzalez
- Departemento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Huebener
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaas Willem Mulder
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kodi Ravichandran
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Sebina I, Phipps S. The Contribution of Neutrophils to the Pathogenesis of RSV Bronchiolitis. Viruses 2020; 12:E808. [PMID: 32726921 PMCID: PMC7472258 DOI: 10.3390/v12080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute viral bronchiolitis causes significant mortality in the developing world, is the number one cause of infant hospitalisation in the developed world, and is associated with the later development of chronic lung diseases such as asthma. A vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis in infancy, remains elusive, and hence new therapeutic modalities are needed to limit disease severity. However, much remains unknown about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Neutrophilic inflammation is the predominant phenotype observed in infants with both mild and severe disease, however, a clear understanding of the beneficial and deleterious effects of neutrophils is lacking. In this review, we describe the multifaceted roles of neutrophils in host defence and antiviral immunity, consider their contribution to bronchiolitis pathogenesis, and discuss whether new approaches that target neutrophil effector functions will be suitable for treating severe RSV bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sebina
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia;
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50
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Mifflin L, Ofengeim D, Yuan J. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) as a therapeutic target. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:553-571. [PMID: 32669658 PMCID: PMC7362612 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key mediator of cell death and inflammation. The unique hydrophobic pocket in the allosteric regulatory domain of RIPK1 has enabled the development of highly selective small-molecule inhibitors of its kinase activity, which have demonstrated safety in preclinical models and clinical trials. Potential applications of these RIPK1 inhibitors for the treatment of monogenic and polygenic autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ischaemic and acute conditions, such as sepsis, are emerging. This article reviews RIPK1 biology and disease-associated mutations in RIPK1 signalling pathways, highlighting clinical trials of RIPK1 inhibitors and potential strategies to mitigate development challenges. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) — a key mediator of cell death and inflammation — is activated in human diseases. Here, Yuan and colleagues discuss current understanding of RIPK1 biology and its association with diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and sepsis. The clinical development of small-molecule RIPK1 inhibitors and associated challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mifflin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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