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Yıldız B, Demirel R, Havadar HB, Yıldız G, Öziç C, Kamiloğlu NN, Özden Ö. Blocking SIG1R Along with Low Cadmium Exposure Display Anti-cancer Qualities in Both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3588-3600. [PMID: 37940833 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (SIG1R) is a chaperone that modulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type1 (IP3R1) calcium (Ca2+) channels on the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, SIG1R functions as an indirect regulator of Ca2+ and acts as an apoptosis modulator. Increased expression of SIG1R is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancers (BC), and SIG1R antagonists like BD1047 induce apoptosis. As a heavy metal, cadmium (Cd2+) is competitive with Ca2+ due to its physicochemical similarities and may trigger apoptosis at low concentrations. Our study investigated the SIG1R protein expression in 74 BC patients and found a significant increase in SIG1R expression in the triple-negative BC subtype. We also examined the apoptotic and anti-cancer effects of BD1047 in combination with CdCl2 in MCF7 and MDA-MB-213 cells. Cells were treated with CdCl2 at doses of 1 μM, 25 μM, and 50 μM, along with BD1047. Higher doses of CdCl2 were cytotoxic on both cancer cells and significantly increased DNA breaks. However, low-dose CdCl2 with BD1047 increased cell death and the apoptotic index in BC cells, although it did not exhibit cytotoxic effects on HUVEC cells. Co-administration of low-dose CdCl2 with BD1047 also reduced the migration and colony-forming ability of BC cells. Moreover, the expression of SIG1R protein in these groups decreased significantly compared to groups treated with BD1047 or low-dose CdCl2 alone. In conclusion, low-dose CdCl2 is thought to increase the apoptotic ability of BD1047 in BC cells by reducing SIG1R expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Yıldız
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Demirel
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Hatice Beşeren Havadar
- Deparment of Medical Pathology, Centre of Health Research and Training Hospital, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Gülden Yıldız
- Deparment of Medical Pathology, Centre of Health Research and Training Hospital, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Cem Öziç
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Nadide Nabil Kamiloğlu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Özkan Özden
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey.
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2
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Karatug Kacar A. Exploring dual effects of dinutuximab beta on cell death and proliferation of insulinoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14368. [PMID: 37802653 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulinoma INS-1 cells are pancreatic beta cell tumors. Dinutuximab beta (DB) is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of neuroblastoma. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of DB on pancreatic beta cell tumors at the molecular level. DB (Qarziba®) was available from EUSA Pharma. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used induce to cell cytotoxicity. DB was applied to the cells before or after the STZ application. KCND3, KCNN4, KCNK1, and PTHrP gene expression levels were analyzed by q-RT-PCR, and protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Analysis of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was performed. Ca+2 and CA19-9 levels were determined by the ELISA kit. PERK, CHOP, HSP90, p-c-Jun, p-Atf2, and p-Elk1 protein levels were analyzed by simple WES. Decreased KCND3, KCNK1, and PTHrP protein levels and increased KCND3, KCNN4, KCNK1, and PTHrP gene expression levels were observed with DB applied after STZ application. Cell dysfunction was detected with DB applied before and after STZ application. Ca19-9 and Ca+2 levels were increased with DB applied after STZ application. PERK, CHOP, and p-Elk1 levels decreased, while HSP90 levels increased with DB applied after STZ application. CHOP, p-Akt-2, and p-c-Jun levels increased in the DB group. As a result, INS-1 cells go to cell death via the ERK signaling pathway without ER stress and release insulin with the decrease of K+ channels and an increase in Ca+2 levels with DB applied after STZ application. Moreover, the cells proliferate via JNK signaling with DB application. DB holds promise for the treatment of insulinoma. The study should be supported by in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Karatug Kacar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Benson JC, Trebak M. Too much of a good thing: The case of SOCE in cellular apoptosis. Cell Calcium 2023; 111:102716. [PMID: 36931194 PMCID: PMC10481469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is an essential second messenger in eukaryotic cells regulating numerous cellular functions such as contraction, secretion, immunity, growth, and metabolism. Ca2+ signaling is also a key signal transducer in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The store-operated Ca2+ entry pathway (SOCE) is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells, and is the primary Ca2+ influx pathway in non-excitable cells. SOCE is mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensing STIM proteins, and the plasma membrane Ca2+-selective Orai channels. A growing number of studies have implicated SOCE in regulating cell death primarily via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in a variety of tissues and in response to physiological stressors such as traumatic brain injury, ischemia reperfusion injury, sepsis, and alcohol toxicity. Notably, the literature points to excessive cytosolic Ca2+ influx through SOCE in vulnerable cells as a key factor tipping the balance towards cellular apoptosis. While the literature primarily addresses the functions of STIM1 and Orai1, STIM2, Orai2 and Orai3 are also emerging as potential regulators of cell death. Here, we review the functions of STIM and Orai proteins in regulating cell death and the implications of this regulation to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cory Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA.
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4
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de Ridder I, Kerkhofs M, Lemos FO, Loncke J, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The ER-mitochondria interface, where Ca 2+ and cell death meet. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102743. [PMID: 37126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites are crucial to allow Ca2+ flux between them and a plethora of proteins participate in tethering both organelles together. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role at such contact sites, participating in both ER-mitochondria tethering and as Ca2+-transport system that delivers Ca2+ from the ER towards mitochondria. At the ER-mitochondria contact sites, the IP3Rs function as a multi-protein complex linked to the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the outer mitochondrial membrane, via the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). This IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex supports the efficient transfer of Ca2+ from the ER into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, from which the Ca2+ ions can reach the mitochondrial matrix through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Under physiological conditions, basal Ca2+ oscillations deliver Ca2+ to the mitochondrial matrix, thereby stimulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, when mitochondrial Ca2+ overload occurs, the increase in [Ca2+] will induce the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby provoking cell death. The IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex forms a hub for several other proteins that stabilize the complex and/or regulate the complex's ability to channel Ca2+ into the mitochondria. These proteins and their mechanisms of action are discussed in the present review with special attention for their role in pathological conditions and potential implication for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Jens Loncke
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
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5
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Bonsignore G, Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cancer: Could Unfolded Protein Response Be a Druggable Target for Cancer Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021566. [PMID: 36675080 PMCID: PMC9865308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response which is used for re-establishing protein homeostasis, and it is triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Specific ER proteins mediate UPR activation, after dissociation from chaperone Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78). UPR can decrease ER stress, producing an ER adaptive response, block UPR if ER homeostasis is restored, or regulate apoptosis. Some tumour types are linked to ER protein folding machinery disturbance, highlighting how UPR plays a pivotal role in cancer cells to keep malignancy and drug resistance. In this review, we focus on some molecules that have been revealed to target ER stress demonstrating as UPR could be a new target in cancer treatment.
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Danese A, Leo S, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Fiorica F, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Cell death as a result of calcium signaling modulation: A cancer-centric prospective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119061. [PMID: 33991539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) and the complex regulatory system governed by Ca2+ signaling have been described to be of crucial importance in numerous aspects related to cell life and death decisions, especially in recent years. The growing attention given to this second messenger is justified by the pleiotropic nature of Ca2+-binding proteins and transporters and their consequent involvement in cell fate decisions. A growing number of works highlight that deregulation of Ca2+ signaling and homoeostasis is often deleterious and drives pathological conditions; in particular, a disruption of the main Ca2+-mediated death mechanisms may lead to uncontrolled cell growth that results in cancer. In this work, we review the latest useful evidence to better understand the complex network of pathways by which Ca2+ regulates cell life and death decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Danese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Leo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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7
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Yalcintepe L, Erdag D, Akbas F, Kucukkaya B. Iron alters Ca 2+ homeostasis in doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1221-1230. [PMID: 32141111 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element especially in cell proliferation, and growth for various cellular events. An increasing amount of research has shown that iron metabolism is altered in tumour cells which usually have rapid growth rates. However, the number of studies on iron metabolism, and calcium regulation are limited in drug-resistant tumour cells. Previously, we have shown that modulation of iron metabolism through iron chelation regulated the intracellular calcium, and increased the doxorubicin sensitivity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of iron on mRNA expression profiles of fifteen key genes (IP3 R1/2/3, RYR1/2, SERCA1/2/3, NCX1/2/3, PMCA1/2/3, and PMCA4) related to calcium homeostasis in the parental cell line K562 and its subclone doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells. According to the ΔΔCt method with a two-fold expression difference (P < .05) as a cut-off level, although iron showed differential effects on most of the genes, IP3 R and PMCA genes were especially determined to have changed significantly. These results show that iron metabolism is an important metabolism due to changes in the expression of genes involved in calcium regulation and is a new perspective to overcome cancer/drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leman Yalcintepe
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Demet Erdag
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fahri Akbas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahire Kucukkaya
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Rosa N, Sneyers F, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Type 3 IP 3 receptors: The chameleon in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 351:101-148. [PMID: 32247578 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs), intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release channels, fulfill key functions in cell death and survival processes, whose dysregulation contributes to oncogenesis. This is essentially due to the presence of IP3Rs in microdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in close proximity to the mitochondria. As such, IP3Rs enable efficient Ca2+ transfers from the ER to the mitochondria, thus regulating metabolism and cell fate. This review focuses on one of the three IP3R isoforms, the type 3 IP3R (IP3R3), which is linked to proapoptotic ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfers. Alterations in IP3R3 expression have been highlighted in numerous cancer types, leading to dysregulations of Ca2+ signaling and cellular functions. However, the outcome of IP3R3-mediated Ca2+ transfers for mitochondrial function is complex with opposing effects on oncogenesis. IP3R3 can either suppress cancer by promoting cell death and cellular senescence or support cancer by driving metabolism, anabolic processes, cell cycle progression, proliferation and invasion. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of IP3R3 dysregulations in cancer and describe how such dysregulations alter critical cellular processes such as proliferation or cell death and survival. Here, we pose that the IP3R3 isoform is not only linked to proapoptotic ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfers but might also be involved in prosurvival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rosa
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flore Sneyers
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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The role of mitochondria-associated membranes in cellular homeostasis and diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 350:119-196. [PMID: 32138899 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are fundamental in the control of cell physiology regulating several signal transduction pathways. They continuously communicate exchanging messages in their contact sites called MAMs (mitochondria-associated membranes). MAMs are specific microdomains acting as a platform for the sorting of vital and dangerous signals. In recent years increasing evidence reported that multiple scaffold proteins and regulatory factors localize to this subcellular fraction suggesting MAMs as hotspot signaling domains. In this review we describe the current knowledge about MAMs' dynamics and processes, which provided new correlations between MAMs' dysfunctions and human diseases. In fact, MAMs machinery is strictly connected with several pathologies, like neurodegeneration, diabetes and mainly cancer. These pathological events are characterized by alterations in the normal communication between ER and mitochondria, leading to deep metabolic defects that contribute to the progression of the diseases.
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10
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Roca FJ, Whitworth LJ, Redmond S, Jones AA, Ramakrishnan L. TNF Induces Pathogenic Programmed Macrophage Necrosis in Tuberculosis through a Mitochondrial-Lysosomal-Endoplasmic Reticulum Circuit. Cell 2019; 178:1344-1361.e11. [PMID: 31474371 PMCID: PMC6736209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis of infected macrophages constitutes a critical pathogenetic event in tuberculosis by releasing mycobacteria into the growth-permissive extracellular environment. In zebrafish infected with Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, excess tumor necrosis factor triggers programmed necrosis of infected macrophages through the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the participation of cyclophilin D, a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Here, we show that this necrosis pathway is not mitochondrion-intrinsic but results from an inter-organellar circuit initiating and culminating in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ROS induce production of lysosomal ceramide that ultimately activates the cytosolic protein BAX. BAX promotes calcium flow from the endoplasmic reticulum into the mitochondrion through ryanodine receptors, and the resultant mitochondrial calcium overload triggers cyclophilin-D-mediated necrosis. We identify ryanodine receptors and plasma membrane L-type calcium channels as druggable targets to intercept mitochondrial calcium overload and necrosis of mycobacterium-infected zebrafish and human macrophages. TNF induces mitochondrial ROS to cause necrosis of mycobacterium-infected macrophages Mitochondrial ROS activate lysosomal enzymes that lead to BAX activation BAX activates ER ryanodine receptors to cause Ca2+ flow into the mitochondrion Drugs preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload prevent pathogenic macrophage necrosis in TB
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Roca
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 OQH, UK.
| | - Laura J Whitworth
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 OQH, UK
| | - Sarah Redmond
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 OQH, UK; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ana A Jones
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 OQH, UK
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 OQH, UK; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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11
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Thams S, Lowry ER, Larraufie MH, Spiller KJ, Li H, Williams DJ, Hoang P, Jiang E, Williams LA, Sandoe J, Eggan K, Lieberam I, Kanning KC, Stockwell BR, Henderson CE, Wichterle H. A Stem Cell-Based Screening Platform Identifies Compounds that Desensitize Motor Neurons to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Mol Ther 2019; 27:87-101. [PMID: 30446391 PMCID: PMC6318783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease selectively targeting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The reasons for differential motor neuron susceptibility remain elusive. We developed a stem cell-based motor neuron assay to study cell-autonomous mechanisms causing motor neuron degeneration, with implications for ALS. A small-molecule screen identified cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) as a stressor to which stem cell-derived motor neurons were more sensitive than interneurons. CPA induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response. Furthermore, CPA resulted in an accelerated degeneration of motor neurons expressing human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1) carrying the ALS-causing G93A mutation, compared to motor neurons expressing wild-type hSOD1. A secondary screen identified compounds that alleviated CPA-mediated motor neuron degeneration: three kinase inhibitors and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a bile acid derivative. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds were validated in human stem cell-derived motor neurons carrying a mutated SOD1 allele (hSOD1A4V). Moreover, we found that the administration of TUDCA in an hSOD1G93A mouse model of ALS reduced muscle denervation. Jointly, these results provide insights into the mechanisms contributing to the preferential susceptibility of ALS motor neurons, and they demonstrate the utility of stem cell-derived motor neurons for the discovery of new neuroprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Thams
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Emily Rhodes Lowry
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marie-Hélène Larraufie
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Krista J Spiller
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Damian J Williams
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phuong Hoang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elise Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Luis A Williams
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jackson Sandoe
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ivo Lieberam
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kevin C Kanning
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Christopher E Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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12
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Carbone M, Amelio I, Affar EB, Brugarolas J, Cannon-Albright LA, Cantley LC, Cavenee WK, Chen Z, Croce CM, Andrea AD, Gandara D, Giorgi C, Jia W, Lan Q, Mak TW, Manley JL, Mikoshiba K, Onuchic JN, Pass HI, Pinton P, Prives C, Rothman N, Sebti SM, Turkson J, Wu X, Yang H, Yu H, Melino G. Consensus report of the 8 and 9th Weinman Symposia on Gene x Environment Interaction in carcinogenesis: novel opportunities for precision medicine. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1885-1904. [PMID: 30323273 PMCID: PMC6219489 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative contribution of intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic environmental ones to cancer aetiology and natural history is a lengthy and debated issue. Gene-environment interactions (G x E) arise when the combined presence of both a germline genetic variant and a known environmental factor modulates the risk of disease more than either one alone. A panel of experts discussed our current understanding of cancer aetiology, known examples of G × E interactions in cancer, and the expanded concept of G × E interactions to include somatic cancer mutations and iatrogenic environmental factors such as anti-cancer treatment. Specific genetic polymorphisms and genetic mutations increase susceptibility to certain carcinogens and may be targeted in the near future for prevention and treatment of cancer patients with novel molecularly based therapies. There was general consensus that a better understanding of the complexity and numerosity of G × E interactions, supported by adequate technological, epidemiological, modelling and statistical resources, will further promote our understanding of cancer and lead to novel preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - El Bachir Affar
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - James Brugarolas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lisa A Cannon-Albright
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 E. 69(th) Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alan D' Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David Gandara
- Thoracic Oncology, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, 96817, USA
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Wei Jia
- Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jose N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Said M Sebti
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, and Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - Xifeng Wu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK.
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Roest G, La Rovere RM, Bultynck G, Parys JB. IP 3 Receptor Properties and Function at Membrane Contact Sites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 981:149-178. [PMID: 29594861 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) is a ubiquitously expressed Ca2+-release channel localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The intracellular Ca2+ signals originating from the activation of the IP3R regulate multiple cellular processes including the control of cell death versus cell survival via their action on apoptosis and autophagy. The exact role of the IP3Rs in these two processes does not only depend on their activity, which is modulated by the cytosolic composition (Ca2+, ATP, redox status, …) and by various types of regulatory proteins, including kinases and phosphatases as well as by a number of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, but also on their intracellular localization, especially at the ER-mitochondrial and ER-lysosomal interfaces. At these interfaces, Ca2+ microdomains are formed, in which the Ca2+ concentration is finely regulated by the different ER, mitochondrial and lysosomal Ca2+-transport systems and also depends on the functional and structural interactions existing between them. In this review, we therefore discuss the most recent insights in the role of Ca2+ signaling in general, and of the IP3R in particular, in the control of basal mitochondrial bioenergetics, apoptosis, and autophagy at the level of inter-organellar contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Roest
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita M La Rovere
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Distelhorst CW. Targeting Bcl-2-IP 3 receptor interaction to treat cancer: A novel approach inspired by nearly a century treating cancer with adrenal corticosteroid hormones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1795-1804. [PMID: 30053503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 inhibits cell death by at least two different mechanisms. On the one hand, its BH3 domain binds to pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bim and prevents apoptosis induction. On the other hand, the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 binds to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), preventing Ca2+ signals that mediate cell death. In normal T-cells, Bcl-2 levels increase during the immune response, protecting against cell death, and then decline as apoptosis ensues and the immune response dissipates. But in many cancers Bcl-2 is aberrantly expressed and exploited to prevent cell death by inhibiting IP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation. This review summarizes what is known about the mechanism of Bcl-2's control over IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and cell death induction. Early insights into the role of Ca2+ elevation in corticosteroid-mediated cell death serves as a model for how targeting IP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation can be a highly effective therapeutic approach for different types of cancer. Moreover, the successful development of ABT-199 (Venetoclax), a small molecule targeting the BH3 domain of Bcl-2 but without effects on Ca2+, serves as proof of principle that targeting Bcl-2 can be an effective therapeutic approach. BIRD-2, a synthetic peptide that inhibits Bcl-2-IP3R interaction, induces cell death induction in ABT-199 (Venetoclax)-resistant cancer models, attesting to the value of developing therapeutic agents that selectively target Bcl-2-IP3R interaction, inducing Ca2+-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Distelhorst
- Case Western University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America.
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15
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Ando H, Kawaai K, Bonneau B, Mikoshiba K. Remodeling of Ca 2+ signaling in cancer: Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors through oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 68:64-76. [PMID: 29287955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous intracellular signaling molecule that regulates diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that oncogenes and tumor suppressors regulate the Ca2+ transport systems. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) are IP3-activated Ca2+ release channels located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They play pivotal roles in the regulation of cell death and survival by controlling Ca2+ transfer from the ER to mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). Optimal levels of Ca2+ mobilization to mitochondria are necessary for mitochondrial bioenergetics, whereas excessive Ca2+ flux into mitochondria causes loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity and apoptotic cell death. In addition to well-known functions on outer mitochondrial membranes, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins are localized on the ER and regulate IP3Rs to control Ca2+ transfer into mitochondria. Another regulatory protein of IP3R, IP3R-binding protein released with IP3 (IRBIT), cooperates with or counteracts the Bcl-2 family member depending on cellular states. Furthermore, several oncogenes and tumor suppressors, including Akt, K-Ras, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), BRCA1, and BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1), are localized on the ER or at MAMs and negatively or positively regulate apoptotic cell death through interactions with IP3Rs and regulation of Ca2+ dynamics. The remodeling of Ca2+ signaling by oncogenes and tumor suppressors that interact with IP3Rs has fundamental roles in the pathology of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ando
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Kawaai
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Benjamin Bonneau
- Institute NeuroMyoGene (INMG), CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Gregor Mendel building, 16, rue Raphaël Dubois, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom.,University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, WC1 6BT, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Sivagnanam U, Palanirajan SK, Gummadi SN. The role of human phospholipid scramblases in apoptosis: An overview. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2261-2271. [PMID: 28844836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human phospholipid scramblases (hPLSCRs) are a family of four homologous single pass transmembrane proteins (hPLSCR1-4) initially identified as the proteins responsible for Ca2+ mediated bidirectional phospholipid translocation in plasma membrane. Though in-vitro assays had provided evidence, the role of hPLSCRs in phospholipid translocation is still debated. Recent reports revealed a new class of proteins, TMEM16 and Xkr8 to exhibit scramblase activity challenging the function of hPLSCRs. Apart from phospholipid scrambling, numerous reports have emphasized the multifunctional roles of hPLSCRs in key cellular processes including tumorigenesis, antiviral defense, protein and DNA interactions, transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. In this review, the role of hPLSCRs in mediating cell death through phosphatidylserine exposure, interaction with death receptors, cardiolipin exposure, heavy metal and radiation induced apoptosis and pathological apoptosis followed by their involvement in cancer cells are discussed. This review aims to connect the multifunctional characteristics of hPLSCRs to their decisive involvement in apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Sivagnanam
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Palanirajan
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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18
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Chai J, Xiong Q, Wang D, Wan X, Niu H, Xiang H, Li H, Wang H, Zheng R, Peng J, Jiang S. Identification of novel regulatory GRE-binding elements in the porcine IP3R1 gene promoter and their transcriptional activation under glucocorticoid stimulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 249:71-81. [PMID: 28495269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) is a type of ligand-gated calcium channel that is expressed predominantly in mammalian skeletal muscle, where it acts as a key regulator of calcium homeostasis. In meat, calcium disequilibrium is accompanied by the deterioration of meat quality. Here we show that serum cortisol concentration was higher and the IP3R1 gene expression level increased markedly in pigs exposed to high stress. In porcine primary muscle cells, dexamethasone (DEX, a synthetic glucocorticoid) increased the protein levels of porcine IP3R1 and GRα, and cell apoptosis, and the specific GRα inhibitor RU486 attenuated these effects. DEX also increased the expression of IP3R1 at both the gene and protein levels, and this expression was attenuated by RU486, siRNA against GRα, and the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. DEX significantly reduced cell viability and increased the intracellular calcium concentration, and these effects were attenuated by siRNA against GRα. Bioinformatics analyses predicted a potential glucocorticoid response element (GRE) located in the region -326 to -309 upstream of the IP3R1 promoter and highly conserved in pigs and other mammalian species. Promoter analysis showed that this region containing the GRE was critical for transcriptional activity of porcine IP3R1 under DEX stimulation. This was confirmed by deletion and site-mutation methods. EMSA and ChIP assays showed that this potential GRE bound specifically to GRα and this complex activated the transcription of the IP3R1 gene. Taken together, these data suggest that DEX-mediated induction of IP3R1 influences porcine muscle cells through the transcriptional activation of a mechanism involving interactions between GRα and a GRE present in the proximal IP3R1 promoter. This process can lead to an imbalance in intracellular calcium concentration, which may subsequently activate the apoptosis signal and decrease cell activity, and cause deterioration of meat quality.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Base Sequence
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Cloning, Molecular
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Hydrocortisone/blood
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Male
- Muscles/drug effects
- Muscles/metabolism
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Response Elements/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Sus scrofa/blood
- Sus scrofa/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
- Transcriptional Activation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chai
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Wan
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongdan Niu
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanan Li
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongshuai Wang
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Santulli G, Nakashima R, Yuan Q, Marks AR. Intracellular calcium release channels: an update. J Physiol 2017; 595:3041-3051. [PMID: 28303572 PMCID: PMC5430224 DOI: 10.1113/jp272781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3 Rs) are calcium (Ca2+ ) release channels on the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). Here we summarize the latest advances in the field, describing the recently discovered mechanistic roles of intracellular Ca2+ release channels in the regulation of mitochondrial fitness and endothelial function, providing novel therapeutic options for the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- The Wu Center for Molecular CardiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ryutaro Nakashima
- The Wu Center for Molecular CardiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Qi Yuan
- The Wu Center for Molecular CardiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- The Wu Center for Molecular CardiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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20
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Tubbs E, Rieusset J. Metabolic signaling functions of ER-mitochondria contact sites: role in metabolic diseases. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R87-R106. [PMID: 27965371 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the determination of cell fate, ER-mitochondria contact sites, defined as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), start to emerge as an important signaling hub that integrates nutrient and hormonal stimuli and adapts cellular metabolism. Here, we summarize the established structural and functional features of MAM and mainly focus on the latest breakthroughs highlighting a crucial role of organelle crosstalk in the control of metabolic homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss recent studies that have revealed the importance of MAM in not only metabolic diseases but also in other pathologies with disrupted metabolism, shedding light on potential common molecular mechanisms and leading hopefully to novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tubbs
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- INSERM UMR-1060CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1235, INSA of Lyon, Charles Merieux Lyon-Sud medical Universities, Lyon, France
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21
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Kerkhofs M, Giorgi C, Marchi S, Seitaj B, Parys JB, Pinton P, Bultynck G, Bittremieux M. Alterations in Ca 2+ Signalling via ER-Mitochondria Contact Site Remodelling in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 997:225-254. [PMID: 28815534 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inter-organellar contact sites establish microdomains for localised Ca2+-signalling events. One of these microdomains is established between the ER and the mitochondria. Importantly, the so-called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) contain, besides structural proteins and proteins involved in lipid exchange, several Ca2+-transport systems, mediating efficient Ca2+ transfer from the ER to the mitochondria. These Ca2+ signals critically control several mitochondrial functions, thereby impacting cell metabolism, cell death and survival, proliferation and migration. Hence, the MAMs have emerged as critical signalling hubs in physiology, while their dysregulation is an important factor that drives or at least contributes to oncogenesis and tumour progression. In this book chapter, we will provide an overview of the role of the MAMs in cell function and how alterations in the MAM composition contribute to oncogenic features and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Kerkhofs
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bruno Seitaj
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Bonneau B, Ando H, Kawaai K, Hirose M, Takahashi-Iwanaga H, Mikoshiba K. IRBIT controls apoptosis by interacting with the Bcl-2 homolog, Bcl2l10, and by promoting ER-mitochondria contact. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27995898 PMCID: PMC5173324 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IRBIT is a molecule that interacts with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-binding pocket of the IP3 receptor (IP3R), whereas the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl2l10, binds to another part of the IP3-binding domain. Here we show that Bcl2l10 and IRBIT interact and exert an additive inhibition of IP3R in the physiological state. Moreover, we found that these proteins associate in a complex in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and that their interplay is involved in apoptosis regulation. MAMs are a hotspot for Ca2+ transfer between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and massive Ca2+ release through IP3R in mitochondria induces cell death. We found that upon apoptotic stress, IRBIT is dephosphorylated, becoming an inhibitor of Bcl2l10. Moreover, IRBIT promotes ER mitochondria contact. Our results suggest that by inhibiting Bcl2l10 activity and promoting contact between ER and mitochondria, IRBIT facilitates massive Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria and promotes apoptosis. This work then describes IRBIT as a new regulator of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonneau
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science institute, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ando
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science institute, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kawaai
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science institute, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Matsumi Hirose
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science institute, Wako-shi, Japan
| | | | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science institute, Wako-shi, Japan
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Bahar E, Kim H, Yoon H. ER Stress-Mediated Signaling: Action Potential and Ca(2+) as Key Players. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091558. [PMID: 27649160 PMCID: PMC5037829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for multiple cellular activities and survival. Disturbances in the normal ER functions lead to the accumulation and aggregation of unfolded proteins, which initiates an adaptive response, the unfolded protein response (UPR), in order to regain normal ER functions. Failure to activate the adaptive response initiates the process of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis plays an important role in cell elimination, which is essential for embryogenesis, development, and tissue homeostasis. Impaired apoptosis can lead to the development of various pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, cancer, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Calcium (Ca(2+)) is one of the key regulators of cell survival and it can induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis in response to various conditions. Ca(2+) regulates cell death both at the early and late stages of apoptosis. Severe Ca(2+) dysregulation can promote cell death through apoptosis. Action potential, an electrical signal transmitted along the neurons and muscle fibers, is important for conveying information to, from, and within the brain. Upon the initiation of the action potential, increased levels of cytosolic Ca(2+) (depolarization) lead to the activation of the ER stress response involved in the initiation of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the involvement of Ca(2+) and action potential in ER stress-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entaz Bahar
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea.
| | - Hyongsuk Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Hyonok Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea.
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Trubiani O, Salvolini E, Staffolani R, Di Primio R, Mazzanti L. DMSO Modifies Structural and Functional Properties of RPMI-8402 Cells by Promoting Programmed Cell Death. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 16:253-9. [PMID: 14611729 DOI: 10.1177/039463200301600311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis in lymphoid cells can be induced in different ways depending on cell type and acquired signal. Biochemical modifications occur at an early phase of cell death while at late times the typical morphological features of apoptosis can be visualized. The aim of this study is to verify by multiparametric analyses the plasma membrane fluidity, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity during cell death progression induced by DMSO treatment. The RPMI-8402 human pre-T lymphoblastoid cell line was induced to cell death by DMSO. Analyses rescued at early times of treatment prove a substantial modification of plasma membrane fluidity associated with an increase of intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, these modifications are associated with an up regulation of NOS activity. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that programmed cell death can be induced by up regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ associated with an increase of cell membrane fluidity. The apoptotic mechanisms seem to involve not only membrane damage and increased intracellular calcium levels but also production of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Trubiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche, University of Chieti, Italy
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25
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La Rovere RML, Roest G, Bultynck G, Parys JB. Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling and Ca(2+) microdomains in the control of cell survival, apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:74-87. [PMID: 27157108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosomes are physically and/or functionally linked, establishing close contact sites between these organelles. As a consequence, Ca(2+) release events from the ER, the major intracellular Ca(2+)-storage organelle, have an immediate effect on the physiological function of mitochondria and lysosomes. Also, the lysosomes can act as a Ca(2+) source for Ca(2+) release into the cytosol, thereby influencing ER-based Ca(2+) signaling. Given the important role for mitochondria and lysosomes in cell survival, cell death and cell adaptation processes, it has become increasingly clear that Ca(2+) signals from or towards these organelles impact these processes. In this review, we discuss the most recent insights in the emerging role of Ca(2+) signaling in cellular survival by controlling basal mitochondrial bioenergetics and by regulating apoptosis, a mitochondrial process, and autophagy, a lysosomal process, in response to cell damage and cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M L La Rovere
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gemma Roest
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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26
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Bcl-2 proteins and calcium signaling: complexity beneath the surface. Oncogene 2016; 35:5079-92. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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ER functions of oncogenes and tumor suppressors: Modulators of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1364-78. [PMID: 26772784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signals that arise from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major intracellular Ca(2+)-storage organelle, impact several mitochondrial functions and dictate cell survival and cell death processes. Furthermore, alterations in Ca(2+) signaling in cancer cells promote survival and establish a high tolerance towards cell stress and damage, so that the on-going oncogenic stress does not result in the activation of cell death. Over the last years, the mechanisms underlying these oncogenic alterations in Ca(2+) signaling have started to emerge. An important aspect of this is the identification of several major oncogenes, including Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, PKB/Akt, and Ras, and tumor suppressors, such as p53, PTEN, PML, BRCA1, and Beclin 1, as direct and critical regulators of Ca(2+)-transport systems located at the ER membranes, including IP3 receptors and SERCA Ca(2+) pumps. In this way, these proteins execute part of their function by controlling the ER-mitochondrial Ca(2+) fluxes, favoring either survival (oncogenes) or cell death (tumor suppressors). Oncogenic mutations, gene deletions or amplifications alter the expression and/or function of these proteins, thereby changing the delicate balance between oncogenes and tumor suppressors, impacting oncogenesis and favoring malignant cell function and behavior. In this review, we provided an integrated overview of the impact of the major oncogenes and tumor suppressors, often altered in cancer cells, on Ca(2+) signaling from the ER Ca(2+) stores. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium and Cell Fate. Guest Editors: Jacques Haiech, Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, Thierry Capiod and Olivier Mignen.
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Wang L, Alzayady KJ, Yule DI. Proteolytic fragmentation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors: a novel mechanism regulating channel activity? J Physiol 2015; 594:2867-76. [PMID: 26486785 DOI: 10.1113/jp271140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3 Rs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed intracellular Ca(2+) release channels. Regulation of channel activity by Ca(2+) , nucleotides, phosphorylation, protein binding partners and other cellular factors is thought to play a major role in defining the specific spatiotemporal characteristics of intracellular Ca(2+) signals. These properties are, in turn, believed pivotal for the selective and specific physiological activation of Ca(2+) -dependent effectors. IP3 Rs are also substrates for the intracellular cysteine proteases, calpain and caspase. Cleavage of the IP3 R has been proposed to play a role in apoptotic cell death by uncoupling regions important for IP3 binding from the channel domain, leaving an unregulated leaky Ca(2+) pore. Contrary to this hypothesis, we demonstrate following proteolysis that N- and C-termini of IP3 R1 remain associated, presumably through non-covalent interactions. Further, we show that complementary fragments of IP3 R1 assemble into tetrameric structures and retain their ability to be regulated robustly by IP3 . While peptide continuity is clearly not necessary for IP3 -gating of the channel, we propose that cleavage of the IP3 R peptide chain may alter other important regulatory events to modulate channel activity. In this scenario, stimulation of the cleaved IP3 R may support distinct spatiotemporal Ca(2+) signals and activation of specific effectors. Notably, in many adaptive physiological events, the non-apoptotic activities of caspase and calpain are demonstrated to be important, but the substrates of the proteases are poorly defined. We speculate that proteolytic fragmentation may represent a novel form of IP3 R regulation, which plays a role in varied adaptive physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Kamil J Alzayady
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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29
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Jarius S, Wildemann B. 'Medusa-head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 1: Anti-mGluR1, anti-Homer-3, anti-Sj/ITPR1 and anti-CARP VIII. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:166. [PMID: 26377085 PMCID: PMC4574226 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. While some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most CNS neurons (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of Purkinje cells (PC). In this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical and paraclinical features, oncological, therapeutic and prognostic implications, pathogenetic relevance, and differential laboratory diagnosis of the 12 most common PC autoantibodies (often referred to as 'Medusa-head antibodies' due to their characteristic somatodendritic binding pattern when tested by immunohistochemistry). To assist immunologists and neurologists in diagnosing these disorders, typical high-resolution immunohistochemical images of all 12 reactivities are presented, diagnostic pitfalls discussed and all currently available assays reviewed. Of note, most of these antibodies target antigens involved in the mGluR1/calcium pathway essential for PC function and survival. Many of the antigens also play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia. Part 1 focuses on anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-, anti-Homer protein homolog 3-, anti-Sj/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor- and anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA); part 2 covers anti-protein kinase C gamma-, anti-glutamate receptor delta-2-, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26- and anti-voltage-gated calcium channel-associated ACA; and part 3 reviews the current knowledge on anti-Tr/delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor-, anti-Nb/AP3B2-, anti-Yo/cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2- and Purkinje cell antibody 2-associated ACA, discusses differential diagnostic aspects and provides a summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - B Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Vervloessem T, Yule DI, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, emerging functions for an intriguing Ca²⁺-release channel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:1992-2005. [PMID: 25499268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) type 2 (IP3R2) is an intracellular Ca²⁺-release channel located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). IP3R2 is characterized by a high sensitivity to both IP3 and ATP and is biphasically regulated by Ca²⁺. Furthermore, IP3R2 is modulated by various protein kinases. In addition to its regulation by protein kinase A, IP3R2 forms a complex with adenylate cyclase 6 and is directly regulated by cAMP. Finally, in the ER, IP3R2 is less mobile than the other IP3R isoforms, while its functional properties appear dominant in heterotetramers. These properties make the IP3R2 a Ca²⁺ channel with exquisite properties for setting up intracellular Ca²⁺ signals with unique characteristics. IP3R2 plays a crucial role in the function of secretory cell types (e.g. pancreatic acinar cells, hepatocytes, salivary gland, eccrine sweat gland). In cardiac myocytes, the role of IP3R2 appears more complex, because, together with IP3R1, it is needed for normal cardiogenesis, while its aberrant activity is implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmias. Most importantly, its high sensitivity to IP3 makes IP3R2 a target for anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g. Bcl-2) in B-cell cancers. Disrupting IP3R/Bcl-2 interaction therefore leads in those cells to increased Ca²⁺ release and apoptosis. Intriguingly, IP3R2 is not only implicated in apoptosis but also in the induction of senescence, another tumour-suppressive mechanism. These results were the first to unravel the physiological and pathophysiological role of IP3R2 and we anticipate that further progress will soon be made in understanding the function of IP3R2 in various tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vervloessem
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David I Yule
- University of Rochester, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Ozone (O3) elicits neurotoxicity in spinal cord neurons (SCNs) by inducing ER Ca2+ release and activating the CaMKII/MAPK signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:493-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Kondratskyi A, Kondratska K, Skryma R, Prevarskaya N. Ion channels in the regulation of apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2532-46. [PMID: 25450339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a type of genetically controlled cell death, is a fundamental cellular mechanism utilized by multicellular organisms for disposal of cells that are no longer needed or potentially detrimental. Given the crucial role of apoptosis in physiology, deregulation of apoptotic machinery is associated with various diseases as well as abnormalities in development. Acquired resistance to apoptosis represents the common feature of most and perhaps all types of cancer. Therefore, repairing and reactivating apoptosis represents a promising strategy to fight cancer. Accumulated evidence identifies ion channels as essential regulators of apoptosis. However, the contribution of specific ion channels to apoptosis varies greatly depending on cell type, ion channel type and intracellular localization, pathology as well as intracellular signaling pathways involved. Here we discuss the involvement of major types of ion channels in apoptosis regulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kondratskyi
- Inserm, U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kateryna Kondratska
- Inserm, U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Roman Skryma
- Inserm, U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm, U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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33
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Zhang N, Fissore RA. Role of caspase-3 cleaved IP3 R1 on Ca(2+) homeostasis and developmental competence of mouse oocytes and eggs. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1842-54. [PMID: 24692207 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis in most cell types is accompanied by altered Ca(2+) homeostasis. During apoptosis, caspase-3 mediated cleavage of the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3 R1) generates a 95-kDa C-terminal fragment (C-IP3 R1), which represents the channel domain of the receptor. Aged mouse eggs display abnormal Ca(2+) homeostasis and express C-IP3 R1, although whether or not C-IP3 R1 expression contributes to Ca(2+) misregulation or a decrease in developmental competency is unknown. We sought to answer these questions by injecting in mouse oocytes and eggs cRNAs encoding C-IP3 R1. We found that: (1) expression of C-IP3 R1 in eggs lowered the Ca(2+) content of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), although, as C-IP3 R1 is quickly degraded at this stage, its expression did not impair pre-implantation embryo development; (2) expression of C-IP3 R1 in eggs enhanced fragmentation associated with aging; (3) endogenous IP3 R1 is required for aging associated apoptosis, as its down-regulation prevented fragmentation, and expression of C-IP3 R1 in eggs with downregulated IP3 R1 partly restored fragmentation; (4) C-IP3 R1 expression in GV oocytes resulted in persistent levels of protein, which abolished the increase in the ER releasable Ca(2+) pool that occurs during maturation, undermined the Ca(2+) oscillatory ability of matured eggs and their activation potential. Collectively, this study supports a role for IP3 R1 and C-IP3 R1 in regulating Ca(2+) homeostasis and the ER Ca(2+) content during oocyte maturation. Nevertheless, the role of C-IP3 R1 on Ca(2+) homeostasis in aged eggs seems minor, as in MII eggs the majority of endogenous IP3 R1 remains intact and C-IP3 R1 undergoes rapid turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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34
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Akl H, Vervloessem T, Kiviluoto S, Bittremieux M, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Bultynck G. A dual role for the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in cancer: mitochondria versus endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2240-52. [PMID: 24768714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 contributes to cancer formation and progression by promoting the survival of altered cells. Hence, it is a prime target for novel specific anti-cancer therapeutics. In addition to its canonical anti-apoptotic role, Bcl-2 has an inhibitory effect on cell-cycle progression. Bcl-2 acts at two different intracellular compartments, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). At the mitochondria, Bcl-2 via its hydrophobic cleft scaffolds the Bcl-2-homology (BH) domain 3 (BH3) of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members. Small molecules (like BH3 mimetics) can disrupt this interaction, resulting in apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. At the ER, Bcl-2 modulates Ca(2+) signaling, thereby promoting proliferation while increasing resistance to apoptosis. Bcl-2 at the ER acts via its N-terminal BH4 domain, which directly binds and inhibits the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), the main intracellular Ca(2+)-release channel. Tools targeting the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 reverse Bcl-2's inhibitory action on IP3Rs and trigger pro-apoptotic Ca(2+) signaling in cancer B-cells, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. The sensitivity of DLBCL cells to BH4-domain targeting tools strongly correlated with the expression levels of the IP3R2 channel, the IP3R isoform with the highest affinity for IP3. Interestingly, bio-informatic analysis of a database of primary CLL patient cells also revealed a transcriptional upregulation of IP3R2. Finally, this review proposes a model, in which cancer cell survival depends on Bcl-2 at the mitochondria and/or the ER. This dependence likely will have an impact on their responses to BH3-mimetic drugs and BH4-domain targeting tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Akl
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tamara Vervloessem
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santeri Kiviluoto
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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35
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Reduced IRE1α mediates apoptotic cell death by disrupting calcium homeostasis via the InsP3 receptor. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1188. [PMID: 24743743 PMCID: PMC4001297 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not only a home for folding and posttranslational modifications of secretory proteins but also a reservoir for intracellular Ca(2+). Perturbation of ER homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson diseases. One key regulator that underlies cell survival and Ca(2+) homeostasis during ER stress responses is inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α). Despite extensive studies on this ER membrane-associated protein, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which excessive ER stress triggers cell death and Ca(2+) dysregulation via the IRE1α-dependent signaling pathway. In this study, we show that inactivation of IRE1α by RNA interference increases cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in SH-SY5Y cells, leading to cell death. This dysregulation is caused by an accelerated ER-to-cytosolic efflux of Ca(2+) through the InsP3 receptor (InsP3R). The Ca(2+) efflux in IRE1α-deficient cells correlates with dissociation of the Ca(2+)-binding InsP3R inhibitor CIB1 and increased complex formation of CIB1 with the pro-apoptotic kinase ASK1, which otherwise remains inactivated in the IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1 complex. The increased cytosolic concentration of Ca(2+) induces mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular superoxide, resulting in severe mitochondrial abnormalities, such as fragmentation and depolarization of membrane potential. These Ca(2+) dysregulation-induced mitochondrial abnormalities and cell death in IRE1α-deficient cells can be blocked by depleting ROS or inhibiting Ca(2+) influx into the mitochondria. These results demonstrate the importance of IRE1α in Ca(2+) homeostasis and cell survival during ER stress and reveal a previously unknown Ca(2+)-mediated cell death signaling between the IRE1α-InsP3R pathway in the ER and the redox-dependent apoptotic pathway in the mitochondrion.
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36
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MAM (mitochondria-associated membranes) in mammalian cells: lipids and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:595-609. [PMID: 24316057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One mechanism by which communication between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is achieved is by close juxtaposition between these organelles via mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM). The MAM consist of a region of the ER that is enriched in several lipid biosynthetic enzyme activities and becomes reversibly tethered to mitochondria. Specific proteins are localized, sometimes transiently, in the MAM. Several of these proteins have been implicated in tethering the MAM to mitochondria. In mammalian cells, formation of these contact sites between MAM and mitochondria appears to be required for key cellular events including the transport of calcium from the ER to mitochondria, the import of phosphatidylserine into mitochondria from the ER for decarboxylation to phosphatidylethanolamine, the formation of autophagosomes, regulation of the morphology, dynamics and functions of mitochondria, and cell survival. This review focuses on the functions proposed for MAM in mediating these events in mammalian cells. In light of the apparent involvement of MAM in multiple fundamental cellular processes, recent studies indicate that impaired contact between MAM and mitochondria might underlie the pathology of several human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, MAM has been implicated in modulating glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance, as well as in some viral infections.
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Helle SC, Kanfer G, Kolar K, Lang A, Michel AH, Kornmann B. Organization and function of membrane contact sites. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1016.j.bbamcr.2013.01.02810.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Emptying of Intracellular Calcium Pool and Oxidative Stress Imbalance Are Associated with the Glyphosate-Induced Proliferation in Human Skin Keratinocytes HaCaT Cells. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:825180. [PMID: 24073338 PMCID: PMC3773425 DOI: 10.1155/2013/825180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that glyphosate possesses tumor promoting potential in mouse skin carcinogenesis and SOD 1, calcyclin (S100A6), and calgranulin B (S100A9) have been associated with this potential, although the mechanism is unclear. We aimed to clarify whether imbalance in between [Ca2+]i levels and oxidative stress is associated with glyphosate-induced proliferation in human keratinocytes HaCaT cells. The [Ca2+]i levels, ROS generation, and expressions of G1/S cyclins, IP3R1, S100A6, S100A9, and SOD 1, and apoptosis-related proteins were investigated upon glyphosate exposure in HaCaT cells. Glyphosate (0.1 mM) significantly induced proliferation, decreases [Ca2+]i, and increases ROS generation in HaCaT cells, whereas antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment reverts these effects which directly indicated that glyphosate induced cell proliferation by lowering [Ca2+]i levels via ROS generation. Glyphosate also enhanced the expression of G1/S cyclins associated with a sharp decrease in G0/G1 and a corresponding increase in S-phases. Additionally, glyphosate also triggers S100A6/S100A9 expression and decreases IP3R1 and SOD 1 expressions in HaCaT cells. Notably, Ca2+ suppression also prevented apoptotic related events including Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspases activation. This study highlights that glyphosate promotes proliferation in HaCaT cells probably by disrupting the balance in between [Ca2+]i levels and oxidative stress which in turn facilitated the downregulation of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathways.
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English AR, Voeltz GK. Endoplasmic reticulum structure and interconnections with other organelles. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a013227. [PMID: 23545422 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, continuous membrane-bound organelle comprised of functionally and structurally distinct domains including the nuclear envelope, peripheral tubular ER, peripheral cisternae, and numerous membrane contact sites at the plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, and peroxisomes. These domains are required for multiple cellular processes, including synthesis of proteins and lipids, calcium level regulation, and exchange of macromolecules with various organelles at ER-membrane contact sites. The ER maintains its unique overall structure regardless of dynamics or transfer at ER-organelle contacts. In this review, we describe the numerous factors that contribute to the structure of the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R English
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Alzayady KJ, Chandrasekhar R, Yule DI. Fragmented inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors retain tetrameric architecture and form functional Ca2+ release channels. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11122-34. [PMID: 23479737 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.453241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor isoforms are a family of ubiquitously expressed ligand-gated channels encoded by three individual genes. The proteins are localized to membranes of intracellular Ca(2+) stores and play pivotal roles in Ca(2+) homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that IP3R1 is cleaved by the intracellular proteases calpain and caspase both in vivo and in vitro. However, the resultant cleavage products are poorly defined, and the functional consequences of these proteolytic events are not fully understood. We demonstrate that IP3R1 is cleaved during staurosporine-induced apoptosis, yielding N-terminal fragments encompassing the ligand-binding domain and the majority of the central modulatory domain together with a C-terminal fragment containing the channel domain and cytosolic tail. Notably, these fragments remain associated with the membrane after initiation of apoptotic cleavage. Furthermore, when recombinant IP3R1 fragments, corresponding to those predicted to be generated by caspase or calpain cleavage, are stably coexpressed in cells, they physically associate and form functional channels. These data provide novel insights regarding the regulation of IP3R1 during proteolysis and provide direct evidence that polypeptide continuity is not required for IP3R activation and Ca(2+) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil J Alzayady
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Helle SCJ, Kanfer G, Kolar K, Lang A, Michel AH, Kornmann B. Organization and function of membrane contact sites. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2526-41. [PMID: 23380708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-bound organelles are a wonderful evolutionary acquisition of the eukaryotic cell, allowing the segregation of sometimes incompatible biochemical reactions into specific compartments with tailored microenvironments. On the flip side, these isolating membranes that crowd the interior of the cell, constitute a hindrance to the diffusion of metabolites and information to all corners of the cell. To ensure coordination of cellular activities, cells use a network of contact sites between the membranes of different organelles. These membrane contact sites (MCSs) are domains where two membranes come to close proximity, typically less than 30nm. Such contacts create microdomains that favor exchange between two organelles. MCSs are established and maintained in durable or transient states by tethering structures, which keep the two membranes in proximity, but fusion between the membranes does not take place. Since the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the most extensive cellular membrane network, it is thus not surprising to find the ER involved in most MCSs within the cell. The ER contacts diverse compartments such as mitochondria, lysosomes, lipid droplets, the Golgi apparatus, endosomes and the plasma membrane. In this review, we will focus on the common organizing principles underlying the many MCSs found between the ER and virtually all compartments of the cell, and on how the ER establishes a network of MCSs for the trafficking of vital metabolites and information. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Functional and structural diversity of endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C J Helle
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, HPM G16 Schafmattstrasse, Zürich, Switzerland
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Bonneau B, Prudent J, Popgeorgiev N, Gillet G. Non-apoptotic roles of Bcl-2 family: the calcium connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1755-65. [PMID: 23360981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) gene was reported nearly 30 years ago. Yet, Bcl-2 family group of proteins still surprises us with their structural and functional diversity. Since the discovery of the Bcl-2 family of proteins as one of the main apoptosis judges, the precise mechanism of their action remains a hot topic of intensive scientific research and debates. Although extensive work has been performed on the role of mitochondria in apoptosis, more and more studies point out an implication of the endoplasmic reticulum in this process. Interestingly, Bcl-2 family proteins could be localized to both the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum highlighting their crucial role in apoptosis control. In particular, in these organelles Bcl-2 proteins seem to be involved in calcium homeostasis regulation although the mechanisms underlying this function are still misunderstood. We now assume with high degree of certainty that the majority of Bcl-2 family members take part not only in apoptosis regulation but also in other processes important for the cell physiology briefly denominated as "non-apoptotic" functions. Drawing a complete and comprehensive image of Bcl-2 family requires the understanding of their implications in all cellular processes. Here, we review the current knowledge on the control of calcium homeostasis by the Bcl-2 family at the endoplasmic reticulum and at the mitochondria. Then we focus on the non-apoptotic functions of the Bcl-2 proteins in relation with the regulation of this versatile intracellular messenger. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Decrock E, De Bock M, Wang N, Gadicherla AK, Bol M, Delvaeye T, Vandenabeele P, Vinken M, Bultynck G, Krysko DV, Leybaert L. IP3, a small molecule with a powerful message. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1772-86. [PMID: 23291251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research conducted over the past two decades has provided convincing evidence that cell death, and more specifically apoptosis, can exceed single cell boundaries and can be strongly influenced by intercellular communication networks. We recently reported that gap junctions (i.e. channels directly connecting the cytoplasm of neighboring cells) composed of connexin43 or connexin26 provide a direct pathway to promote and expand cell death, and that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) diffusion via these channels is crucial to provoke apoptosis in adjacent healthy cells. However, IP3 itself is not sufficient to induce cell death and additional factors appear to be necessary to create conditions in which IP3 will exert proapoptotic effects. Although IP3-evoked Ca(2+) signaling is known to be required for normal cell survival, it is also actively involved in apoptosis induction and progression. As such, it is evident that an accurate fine-tuning of this signaling mechanism is crucial for normal cell physiology, while a malfunction can lead to cell death. Here, we review the role of IP3 as an intracellular and intercellular cell death messenger, focusing on the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial synapse, followed by a discussion of plausible elements that can convert IP3 from a physiological molecule to a killer substance. Finally, we highlight several pathological conditions in which anomalous intercellular IP3/Ca(2+) signaling might play a role. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled:12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Decrock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Akl H, Bultynck G. Altered Ca(2+) signaling in cancer cells: proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors targeting IP3 receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:180-93. [PMID: 23232185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors critically control cell-fate decisions like cell survival, adaptation and death. These processes are regulated by Ca(2+) signals arising from the endoplasmic reticulum, which at distinct sites is in close proximity to the mitochondria. These organelles are linked by different mechanisms, including Ca(2+)-transport mechanisms involving the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). The amount of Ca(2+) transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria determines the susceptibility of cells to apoptotic stimuli. Suppressing the transfer of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria increases the apoptotic resistance of cells and may decrease the cellular responsiveness to apoptotic signaling in response to cellular damage or alterations. This can result in the survival, growth and proliferation of cells with oncogenic features. Clearly, proper maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) homeostasis and dynamics including its links with the mitochondrial network is essential to detect and eliminate altered cells with oncogenic features through the apoptotic pathway. Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors exploit the central role of Ca(2+) signaling by targeting the IP3R. There are an increasing number of reports showing that activation of proto-oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressors directly affects IP3R function and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) homeostasis, thereby decreasing mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors identified as IP3R-regulatory proteins and how they affect endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) homeostasis and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Akl
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Caspase 3 cleavage of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor does not contribute to apoptotic calcium release. Cell Calcium 2012; 53:152-8. [PMID: 23122728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An important role in the regulation of apoptotic calcium release is played by the ubiquitously expressed family of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) channels. One model for IP(3)R activation during apoptosis is cleavage by the apoptotic protease caspase 3. Here we show that early elevations in cytosolic calcium during apoptosis do not require caspase 3 activity. We detected a robust increase in calcium levels in response to staurosporine treatment in primary human fibroblasts and HeLa cells in the presence of the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD, indicating that calcium release during the initiation of apoptosis occurs independently of caspase 3. Similar results were obtained with MCF-7 cells which lack caspase 3 expression. Stable expression of caspase 3 in MCF-7 cells and TAT-based transduction of the active recombinant caspase 3 directly into living MCF-7 cells had marginal effects on the early events leading to cytosolic calcium elevations and irreversible commitment to apoptotic cell death. Significantly, blocking IP(3) binding to the IP(3)R with an IP(3) sponge resulted in suppression of staurosporine-induced calcium release and cell death. Collectively, our results suggest that generation of IP(3) is sufficient for the initiation of apoptotic calcium signaling, and caspase 3-mediated truncation of IP(3)R channel is a consequence, not causative, of apoptotic calcium release.
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Elkoreh G, Blais V, Béliveau E, Guillemette G, Denault JB. Type 1 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is a late substrate of caspases during apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2775-84. [PMID: 22473799 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is characterized by the proteolytic cleavage of hundreds of proteins. One of them, the type 1 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3) R-1), a multimeric receptor located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane that is critical to calcium homeostasis, was reported to be cleaved during staurosporine (STS) induced-apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Because the reported cleavage site separates the IP(3) binding site from the channel moiety, its cleavage would shut down a critical signaling pathway that is common to several cellular processes. Here we show that IP(3) R-1 is not cleaved in 293 cells treated with STS, TNFα, Trail, or ultra-violet (UV) irradiation. Further, it is not cleaved in Hela or Jurkat cells induced to undergo apoptosis with Trail, TNFα, or UV. In accordance with previous reports, we demonstrate that it is cleaved in a Jurkat cell line treated with STS. However its cleavage occurs only after poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which cleavage is a hallmark of apoptosis, and p23, a poor caspase-7 substrate, are completely cleaved, suggesting that IP(3) R-1 is a relatively late substrate of caspases. Nevertheless, the receptor is fully accessible to proteolysis in cellulo by ectopically overexpressed caspase-7 or by the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. Finally, using recombinant caspase-3 and microsomal fractions enriched in IP(3) R-1, we show that the receptor is a poor caspase-3 substrate. Consequently, we conclude that IP(3) R-1 is not a key death substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadi Elkoreh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Abstract
The most well-characterized organelle contact sites are those between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Increased understanding is being gained of how ER-mitochondria contact sites are organized and which factors converge at this interface, some of which may provide a tethering function. The role of the ER-mitochondria junction in coordinating the functions of these two organelles is also becoming clearer, and it has been shown to be involved in the regulation of lipid synthesis, Ca(2+) signalling and the control of mitochondrial biogenesis and intracellular trafficking.
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Yue C, Soboloff J, Gamero AM. Control of type I interferon-induced cell death by Orai1-mediated calcium entry in T cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3207-16. [PMID: 22144678 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.269068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is an essential process in T cell activation. SOCE is controlled by the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel encoded by the gene Orai1 that is expressed on the plasma membrane and activated by STIM1 when ER Ca(2+) stores are depleted. Our earlier work showed that a somatic T-cell line Jurkat mutant H123 bearing a defect in Ca(2+) signaling was susceptible to the apoptotic effects of type I interferons (IFN-α/β). The nature of the mutation and whether this mutation was linked to IFN-α/β apoptotic susceptibility was unknown. Here we show that H123 cells lacked Orai1 and exhibit reduced STIM1 protein. Reconstitution of both Orai1 and STIM1 in H123 cells rescued SOCE in response to thapsigargin and ionomycin and abrogated IFN-α/β-induced apoptosis. Reciprocally, overexpression of the dominant negative Orai1-E106A in either parental Jurkat cells or an unrelated human T cell line (CEM391) inhibited SOCE and led to sensitization to IFN-α/β-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that the Ca(2+) response pathway antagonized the IFN-α/β -induced transcriptional responses; in the absence of SOCE, this negative regulatory effect was lost. However, the inhibitory effect of Ca(2+) on type I IFN-induced gene transcription was diminished by pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB in cells with intact SOCE. Our findings reveal an unexpected and novel regulatory crosstalk mechanism between type I IFNs and store-operated Ca(2+) signaling pathways mediated at least in part by NF-κB activity with significant clinical implications to both viral and tumor immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyu Yue
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Kopil CM, Vais H, Cheung KH, Siebert AP, Mak DOD, Foskett JK, Neumar RW. Calpain-cleaved type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R1) has InsP(3)-independent gating and disrupts intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:35998-36010. [PMID: 21859719 PMCID: PMC3195633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R1) is a ubiquitous intracellular Ca(2+) release channel that is vital to intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. InsP(3)R1 is a proteolytic target of calpain, which cleaves the channel to form a 95-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment that includes the transmembrane domains, which contain the ion pore. However, the functional consequences of calpain proteolysis on channel behavior and Ca(2+) homeostasis are unknown. In the present study we have identified a unique calpain cleavage site in InsP(3)R1 and utilized a recombinant truncated form of the channel (capn-InsP(3)R1) corresponding to the stable, carboxyl-terminal fragment to examine the functional consequences of channel proteolysis. Single-channel recordings of capn-InsP(3)R1 revealed InsP(3)-independent gating and high open probability (P(o)) under optimal cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) conditions. However, some [Ca(2+)](i) regulation of the cleaved channel remained, with a lower P(o) in suboptimal and inhibitory [Ca(2+)](i). Expression of capn-InsP(3)R1 in N2a cells reduced the Ca(2+) content of ionomycin-releasable intracellular stores and decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) loading compared with control cells expressing full-length InsP(3)R1. Using a cleavage-specific antibody, we identified calpain-cleaved InsP(3)R1 in selectively vulnerable cerebellar Purkinje neurons after in vivo cardiac arrest. These findings indicate that calpain proteolysis of InsP(3)R1 generates a dysregulated channel that disrupts cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that calpain cleaves InsP(3)R1 in a clinically relevant injury model, suggesting that Ca(2+) leak through the proteolyzed channel may act as a feed-forward mechanism to enhance cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Kopil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Horia Vais
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Adam P Siebert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Don-On Daniel Mak
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - J Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Robert W Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
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