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Li J, Wang Y, Li J, Xu S, Wang S, Liu W, Fu L, Jiang M, Bai G. Phillyrin and its metabolites treat pulmonary embolism by targeting PLCβ3 to inhibit platelet activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118457. [PMID: 38866117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lian Qiao (LQ), the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is a well-documented traditional Chinese medicine known for its detoxifying and heat-clearing properties. Clinically, compounds containing LQ are widely used to treat thrombotic diseases, indicating that it may have antithrombotic effects. However, its exact mechanism of action remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to verify the antithrombotic effect of LQ and further explore the material basis and target mechanism of its antithrombotic effect using various biological methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS An epinephrine-collagen-thrombin-induced mouse model of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) was established to study the effects of LQ on thrombus development. A UPLC/Q/TOF-MS screening and identification system based on the inhibition of platelet aggregation and Ca2+ antagonism was established to determine the pharmacodynamic components of LQ that inhibit platelet activation. The inhibitory effect of active ingredients on platelet activation, and the determination of the target of their inhibitory effect on platelet activation have been studied using chemical proteomics. Furthermore, based on the structure and function of the target protein, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted to analyze the molecular mechanism of active ingredient binding to target proteins and to evaluate the effects of active ingredients on the downstream signaling pathways of target proteins. RESULTS LQ showed significant anticoagulant effects in APE model mice. Phillyrin and phillygenin were the antiplatelet-activating components of LQ. PLCβ3 was identified as a target for inhibiting platelet activation by phillyrin and its metabolites. The mechanism underlying the effect involves phillyrin and its metabolites inhibiting PLCβ3 activity by blocking the binding of PLCβ3 to Gαq through non-covalently targeting the ASN260 of PLCβ3, thus inhibiting the downstream Gαq-PLCβ3-Ca2+ signaling pathway, effectively hindering platelet activation and therefore playing an anticoagulant role. CONCLUSION This study not only proposes and validates the antithrombotic effect of LQ for the first time but also finds that phillyrin and phillygenin are the main pharmacological substances through which LQ exerts antithrombotic activity and reveals a novel mechanism by which they exert antiplatelet activity by directly targeting and inhibiting PLCβ3 activity. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the therapeutic potential of phillyrin and provide important clues for the discovery and development of new antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shou Wang
- Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine Development Co. Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Fu
- Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine Development Co. Ltd, Dalian, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Brands J, Bravo S, Jürgenliemke L, Grätz L, Schihada H, Frechen F, Alenfelder J, Pfeil C, Ohse PG, Hiratsuka S, Kawakami K, Schmacke LC, Heycke N, Inoue A, König G, Pfeifer A, Wachten D, Schulte G, Steinmetzer T, Watts VJ, Gomeza J, Simon K, Kostenis E. A molecular mechanism to diversify Ca 2+ signaling downstream of Gs protein-coupled receptors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7684. [PMID: 39227390 PMCID: PMC11372221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A long-held tenet in inositol-lipid signaling is that cleavage of membrane phosphoinositides by phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) isozymes to increase cytosolic Ca2+ in living cells is exclusive to Gq- and Gi-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we extend this central tenet and show that Gs-GPCRs also partake in inositol-lipid signaling and thereby increase cytosolic Ca2+. By combining CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to delete Gαs, the adenylyl cyclase isoforms 3 and 6, or the PLCβ1-4 isozymes, with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Gq and G11, we pin down Gs-derived Gβγ as driver of a PLCβ2/3-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ release module. This module does not require but crosstalks with Gαs-dependent cAMP, demands Gαq to release PLCβ3 autoinhibition, but becomes Gq-independent with mutational disruption of the PLCβ3 autoinhibited state. Our findings uncover the key steps of a previously unappreciated mechanism utilized by mammalian cells to finetune their calcium signaling regulation through Gs-GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brands
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Bravo
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Jürgenliemke
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 2873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Frechen
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Alenfelder
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cy Pfeil
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Georg Ohse
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Suzune Hiratsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Luna C Schmacke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Heycke
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gabriele König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jesús Gomeza
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Simon
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Jin Q, Jiao W, Lian Y, Chitrakar B, Sang Y, Wang X. Study on antihepatocellular carcinoma effect of 6-shogaol and curcumin through network-based pharmacological and cellular assay. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1367417. [PMID: 39224778 PMCID: PMC11368042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1367417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma currently has the third highest mortality rate in the world. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are on the rise and at a younger age, but research into the pharmacological effects of cancer is mostly single-component, and natural plant products can have additive or synergistic effects that can better amplify the effects of intervention in cancer. Aim To evaluate the synergistic therapeutic effects of 6-shogaol and curcumin against hepatocellular carcinoma line HepG2 cells. Methods In this study, a network pharmacology approach was used to predict and validate the mol ecular targets and pathways of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of 6-shogaol and curcumin in combination and to investigate their mechanism of action. The results were also validated by cellular assays. HepG2 cells were treated with 6-shogaol and curcumin as well as the combination of the two. The combination index of 6-shogaol and curcumin in HepG2 cells was calculated using Compusyn software according to the Chou-Talalay equation. The synergistic anti-cancer effect was next investigated by MTT assay, apoptosis assay and cell cycle assay. The combined anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect of the Ras-mediated PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways was analysed using protein blotting assays. Results A network pharmacology-based screening identified 72 core targets of 6-curcumin and curcumin in hepatocellular carcinoma, and predicted that the main signalling pathway is the Ras signalling pathway. The anti-cancer effects of 6-shogaol and curcumin were validated in cell-based assays and the optimal synergistic concentrations of 5 μmoL/L for 6-shogaol and 30 μmoL/L for curcumin were determined. 6-shogaol and curcumin synergistically blocked the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and promoted apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis confirmed for the first time the combined action of both in down-regulating the Ras-mediated PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, 6-shogaol and curcumin acting together downregulated Cyclin-B, CDK-1, Bcl-2, and upregulated BAX. Conclusion 6-shogaol and curcumin act synergistically to alter the morphology of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, block the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, inhibit proliferation and division, and effectively promote late apoptosis. The combined action of these two components provides a theoretical basis for the further development of novel anti-liver cancer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenya Jiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yunhe Lian
- Chenguang Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Handan, China
| | - Bimal Chitrakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Chen C, Huang Z, Dong S, Ding M, Li J, Wang M, Zeng X, Zhang X, Sun X. Calcium signaling in oocyte quality and functionality and its application. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1411000. [PMID: 39220364 PMCID: PMC11361953 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1411000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger for many signal pathways, and changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) are an important signaling mechanism in the oocyte maturation, activation, fertilization, function regulation of granulosa and cumulus cells and offspring development. Ca2+ oscillations occur during oocyte maturation and fertilization, which are maintained by Ca2+ stores and extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e). Abnormalities in Ca2+ signaling can affect the release of the first polar body, the first meiotic division, and chromosome and spindle morphology. Well-studied aspects of Ca2+ signaling in the oocyte are oocyte activation and fertilization. Oocyte activation, driven by sperm-specific phospholipase PLCζ, is initiated by concerted intracellular patterns of Ca2+ release, termed Ca2+ oscillations. Ca2+ oscillations persist for a long time during fertilization and are coordinately engaged by a variety of Ca2+ channels, pumps, regulatory proteins and their partners. Calcium signaling also regulates granulosa and cumulus cells' function, which further affects oocyte maturation and fertilization outcome. Clinically, there are several physical and chemical options for treating fertilization failure through oocyte activation. Additionally, various exogenous compounds or drugs can cause ovarian dysfunction and female infertility by inducing abnormal Ca2+ signaling or Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in oocytes and granulosa cells. Therefore, the reproductive health risks caused by adverse stresses should arouse our attention. This review will systematically summarize the latest research progress on the aforementioned aspects and propose further research directions on calcium signaling in female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zefan Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shijue Dong
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengqian Ding
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinran Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuhui Zeng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Liu Q, Liu Y, Feng H, Zhao L, Wan T. Exploring genetic associations in systemic lupus erythematosus through Mendelian randomization: implications for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Clin Rheumatol 2024:10.1007/s10067-024-07094-0. [PMID: 39126578 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-07094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a significant health burden. There is an essential need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve diagnosis and management. Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to explore causal links between SLE and various biomarkers like immune cells, metabolites, and inflammatory cytokines using multiple databases. Initially, biomarkers significantly associated with SLE were identified. Bidirectional MR helped clarify these relationships, and a two-step mediation MR examined their effects on SLE risk. Intersection analysis was used to identify biomarkers with consistent effects across datasets. Four biomarkers were identified as having significant associations with SLE risk: 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPI levels [odds ratio (OR), 1.379; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.180 to 1.613; FDR, 0.046], IL-17A levels (OR, 2.197; 95% CI, 1.412 to 3.418; FDR, 0.044), N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) levels (OR, 0.882; 95% CI, 0.831 to 0.936; FDR, 0.030), and ribitol levels (OR, 0.743; 95% CI, 0.644 to 0.857; FDR, 0.012). Bidirectional MR showed an inverse effect of NAAG on IL-17A levels (OR, 0.978; 95% CI, 0.962 to 0.994; p = 0.006). Mediation analysis indicated that NAAG influenced SLE risk both directly (beta = - 0.108) and indirectly through IL-17A (beta = - 0.018), highlighting the potential mediating role of IL-17A. After expanding the significance criteria to p < 0.05, intersection analysis across multiple datasets revealed 29 biomarkers with consistent beta directions, including 19 potential risk factors (beta > 0) and 10 protective factors (beta < 0) for SLE. This research has revealed significant genetic associations with SLE and demonstrated that IL-17A mediates the relationship between NAAG levels and SLE risk, highlighting potential new targets for personalized therapeutic interventions. Key Points • This study employs MR to identify significant genetic associations between various biomarkers and SLE, providing novel insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. • Four key biomarkers were identified as significantly associated with SLE risk: 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPI, IL-17A, N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and ribitol. • The findings suggest that NAAG levels have a protective effect against SLE, partly mediated through IL-17A, indicating a complex interplay between these biomarkers in the pathogenesis of SLE. • Intersectional analysis across multiple datasets revealed 29 biomarkers with consistent effects on SLE risk, highlighting new directions for future research and potential personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 8th Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Zhantansi Outpatient, Jingzhong Medical District of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, 8th Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 8th Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Chen J, Bao J, Jiang X, Yu W, Han Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Deng G. Astragaloside IV protects brain cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ryanodine receptor expression and reducing the expression of P-Src and P-GRK2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17497. [PMID: 39080440 PMCID: PMC11289356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV, a prime active component of Astragalus membranaceus, has potential as a neuroprotectant. We aimed to identify the active ingredients in A. membranaceus and assess if Astragaloside IV can improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) cell apoptosis by reducing P-Src and P-GRK2 via ryanodine receptor (RyR) expression inhibition. We used bioinformatics analysis to examine the effects of A. membranaceus on ischemic stroke. We studied brain samples from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice treated with normal saline, Astragaloside IV, and sham mice for pathology and Western blot tests. We also tested PC12 cells in vitro with or without Astragaloside IV or GSK180736A using Western blotting and fluorescence assays. Our bioinformatics analysis suggested a possible association between A. membranaceus, calcium ion pathways, and apoptosis pathways. Western blot data indicated Astragaloside IV significantly decreased RyR, p-Src, and downstream phosphorylated GRK2, PLC, CaMKII, and IP3R levels in MCAO mice brains. Astragaloside IV also considerably inhibited pro-apoptotic and oxidative stress-associated proteins' expression while boosting anti-apoptotic protein expression. The results suggest Astragaloside IV can inhibit RyR expression, subsequently reducing brain cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518034, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xiujuan Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yunpeng Han
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Health Care with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - Guoxing Deng
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.
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Dwulet GE. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel amino-phenylmethylene-imidazolone 5-HT 2A receptor antagonists. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2508-2513. [PMID: 39026648 PMCID: PMC11253854 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00262h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Many drugs target the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor, including psychedelics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. This study investigates the 5-HT2A receptor-binding properties of a series of novel compounds with an amino-phenylmethylene-imidazolone (APMI) core structure. Two compounds (2a and 2c) demonstrated significant 5-HT2A receptor-binding affinity without agonistic activity, instead displaying antagonistic effects. Structurally, these compounds differ from previously reported phenethylamine-based antagonists. This work introduces APMIs as a novel pharmacophore for 5-HT2A receptor interaction and provides a foundation for developing new 5-HT2A receptor-targeting therapeutic agents.
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Pethe A, Joshi S, Ali Dar T, Poddar NK. Revisiting the role of phospholipases in alzheimer's: crosstalk with processed food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39002140 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2377290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipases such as phospholipase-A, phospholipase-B, phospholipase-C and phospholipase-D are important functional enzymes of the cell membrane responsible for a variety of functions such as signal transduction, production of lipid mediators, metabolite digestion and playing a pathological role in central nervous system diseases. Phospholipases have shown an association with Alzheimer's disease and these enzymes have found a correlation with several metabolic pathways that can lead to the activation of inflammatory signals via astrocytes and microglial cells. We also highlighted unhealthy practices like smoking and consuming processed foods, rich in nitroso compounds and phosphatidic acid, which contribute to neuronal damage in AD through phospholipases. A few therapeutic approaches such as the use of inhibitors of phospholipase-D,phospholipase A2 as well as autophagy-mediated inhibition have been discussed to control the onset of AD. This paper serves as a crosstalk between phospholipases and their role in neurodegenerative pathways as well as their influence on other biomolecules of lipid membranes, which are acquired through unhealthy diets and possible methods to treat these anomalies occurring due to their metabolic disorder involving phospholipases acting as major signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharv Pethe
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Siddhi Joshi
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Wei W, Smrcka AV. Internalized β2-Adrenergic Receptors Oppose PLC-Dependent Hypertrophic Signaling. Circ Res 2024; 135:e24-e38. [PMID: 38813686 PMCID: PMC11223973 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronically elevated neurohumoral drive, and particularly elevated adrenergic tone leading to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) overstimulation in cardiac myocytes, is a key mechanism involved in the progression of heart failure. β1-AR (β1-adrenergic receptor) and β2-ARs (β2-adrenergic receptor) are the 2 major subtypes of β-ARs present in the human heart; however, they elicit different or even opposite effects on cardiac function and hypertrophy. For example, chronic activation of β1-ARs drives detrimental cardiac remodeling while β2-AR signaling is protective. The underlying molecular mechanisms for cardiac protection through β2-ARs remain unclear. METHODS β2-AR signaling mechanisms were studied in isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and adult mouse ventricular myocytes using live cell imaging and Western blotting methods. Isolated myocytes and mice were used to examine the roles of β2-AR signaling mechanisms in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. RESULTS Here, we show that β2-AR activation protects against hypertrophy through inhibition of phospholipaseCε signaling at the Golgi apparatus. The mechanism for β2-AR-mediated phospholipase C inhibition requires internalization of β2-AR, activation of Gi and Gβγ subunit signaling at endosome and ERK (extracellular regulated kinase) activation. This pathway inhibits both angiotensin II and Golgi-β1-AR-mediated stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis at the Golgi apparatus ultimately resulting in decreased PKD (protein kinase D) and histone deacetylase 5 phosphorylation and protection against cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS This reveals a mechanism for β2-AR antagonism of the phospholipase Cε pathway that may contribute to the known protective effects of β2-AR signaling on the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Alan V. Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
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Wang Q, Tao C, Wu Y, Anderson KE, Hannan A, Lin CS, Hawkins P, Stephens L, Zhang X. Phospholipase Cγ regulates lacrimal gland branching by competing with PI3K in phosphoinositide metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601066. [PMID: 39005344 PMCID: PMC11244885 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Although the regulation of branching morphogenesis by spatially distributed cues is well established, the role of intracellular signaling in determining the branching pattern remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation and function of phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) in Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling in lacrimal gland development. We showed that deletion of PLCγ1 in the lacrimal gland epithelium leads to ectopic branching and acinar hyperplasia, which was phenocopied by either mutating the PLCγ1 binding site on Fgfr2 or disabling any of its SH2 domains. PLCγ1 inactivation did not change the level of Fgfr2 or affect MAPK signaling, but instead led to sustained AKT phosphorylation due to increased PIP3 production. Consistent with this, PLCγ1 mutant phenotype can be reproduced by elevation of PI3K signaling in Pten knockout and attenuated by blocking AKT signaling. This study demonstrated that PLCγ modulates PI3K signaling by shifting phosphoinositide metabolism, revealing an important role of signaling dynamics in conjunction with spatial cues in shaping branching morphogenesis.
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11
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Bienvenu A, Burette M, Cantet F, Gourdelier M, Swain J, Cazevieille C, Clemente T, Sadi A, Dupont C, Le Fe M, Bonetto N, Bordignon B, Muriaux D, Gilk S, Bonazzi M, Martinez E. The multifunction Coxiella effector Vice stimulates macropinocytosis and interferes with the ESCRT machinery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315481121. [PMID: 38870060 PMCID: PMC11194487 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315481121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens divert multiple cellular pathways to establish their niche and persist inside their host. Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, secretes bacterial effector proteins via its Type 4 secretion system to generate a Coxiella-containing vacuole (CCV). Manipulation of lipid and protein trafficking by these effectors is essential for bacterial replication and virulence. Here, we have characterized the lipid composition of CCVs and found that the effector Vice interacts with phosphoinositides and membranes enriched in phosphatidylserine and lysobisphosphatidic acid. Remarkably, eukaryotic cells ectopically expressing Vice present compartments that resemble early CCVs in both morphology and composition. We found that the biogenesis of these compartments relies on the double function of Vice. The effector protein initially localizes at the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells where it triggers the internalization of large vacuoles by macropinocytosis. Then, Vice stabilizes these compartments by perturbing the ESCRT machinery. Collectively, our results reveal that Vice is an essential C. burnetii effector protein capable of hijacking two major cellular pathways to shape the bacterial replicative niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bienvenu
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Melanie Burette
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Franck Cantet
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Manon Gourdelier
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Jitendriya Swain
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Chantal Cazevieille
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Tatiana Clemente
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198-5900
| | - Arif Sadi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198-5900
| | - Claire Dupont
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Manon Le Fe
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Nicolas Bonetto
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Benoit Bordignon
- Montpellier Rio Imaging (MRI), BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Stacey Gilk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198-5900
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
| | - Eric Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier34090, France
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12
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Saito A, Kise R, Inoue A. Generation of Comprehensive GPCR-Transducer-Deficient Cell Lines to Dissect the Complexity of GPCR Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:599-619. [PMID: 38719480 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.124.001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) compose the largest family of transmembrane receptors and are targets of approximately one-third of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs owing to their involvement in almost all physiologic processes. GPCR signaling occurs through the activation of heterotrimeric G-protein complexes and β-arrestins, both of which serve as transducers, resulting in distinct cellular responses. Despite seeming simple at first glance, accumulating evidence indicates that activation of either transducer is not a straightforward process as a stimulation of a single molecule has the potential to activate multiple signaling branches. The complexity of GPCR signaling arises from the aspects of G-protein-coupling selectivity, biased signaling, interpathway crosstalk, and variable molecular modifications generating these diverse signaling patterns. Numerous questions relative to these aspects of signaling remained unanswered until the recent development of CRISPR genome-editing technology. Such genome editing technology presents opportunities to chronically eliminate the expression of G-protein subunits, β-arrestins, G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), and many other signaling nodes in the GPCR pathways at one's convenience. Here, we review the practicality of using CRISPR-derived knockout (KO) cells in the experimental contexts of unraveling the molecular details of GPCR signaling mechanisms. To mention a few, KO cells have revealed the contribution of β-arrestins in ERK activation, Gα protein selectivity, GRK-based regulation of GPCRs, and many more, hence validating its broad applicability in GPCR studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review emphasizes the practical application of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) transducer knockout (KO) cells in dissecting the intricate regulatory mechanisms of the GPCR signaling network. Currently available cell lines, along with accumulating KO cell lines in diverse cell types, offer valuable resources for systematically elucidating GPCR signaling regulation. Given the association of GPCR signaling with numerous diseases, uncovering the system-based signaling map is crucial for advancing the development of novel drugs targeting specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Wang H, Fan M, Shen Y, Zhao H, Weng S, Chen Z, Xiao G. GhFAD3-4 Promotes Fiber Cell Elongation and Cell Wall Thickness by Increasing PI and IP 3 Accumulation in Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1510. [PMID: 38891317 PMCID: PMC11174750 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The omega-3 fatty acid desaturase enzyme gene FAD3 is responsible for converting linoleic acid to linolenic acid in plant fatty acid synthesis. Despite limited knowledge of its role in cotton growth, our study focused on GhFAD3-4, a gene within the FAD3 family, which was found to promote fiber elongation and cell wall thickness in cotton. GhFAD3-4 was predominantly expressed in elongating fibers, and its suppression led to shorter fibers with reduced cell wall thickness and phosphoinositide (PI) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels. Transcriptome analysis of GhFAD3-4 knock-out mutants revealed significant impacts on genes involved in the phosphoinositol signaling pathway. Experimental evidence demonstrated that GhFAD3-4 positively regulated the expression of the GhBoGH3B and GhPIS genes, influencing cotton fiber development through the inositol signaling pathway. The application of PI and IP6 externally increased fiber length in GhFAD3-4 knock-out plants, while inhibiting PI led to a reduced fiber length in GhFAD3-4 overexpressing plants. These findings suggest that GhFAD3-4 plays a crucial role in enhancing fiber development by promoting PI and IP3 biosynthesis, offering the potential for breeding cotton varieties with superior fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (H.W.); (Z.C.)
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14
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Singh PK, Rybak JA, Schuck RJ, Barrera FN, Smith AW. Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate drives the formation of EGFR and EphA2 complexes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592400. [PMID: 38746348 PMCID: PMC11092790 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate many cellular functions and are important targets in pharmaceutical development, particularly in cancer treatment. EGFR and EphA2 are two key RTKs that are associated with oncogenic phenotypes. Several studies have reported functional interplay between these receptors, but the mechanism of interaction is still unresolved. Here we utilize a time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy called PIE-FCCS to resolve EGFR and EphA2 interactions in live cells. We tested the role of ligands and found that EGF, but not ephrin A1 (EA1), stimulated hetero-multimerization between the receptors. To determine the effect of anionic lipids, we targeted phospholipase C (PLC) activity to alter the abundance of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ). We found that higher PIP 2 levels increased homo-multimerization of both EGFR and EphA2, as well as hetero-multimerization. This study provides a direct characterization of EGFR and EphA2 interactions in live cells and shows that PIP 2 can have a substantial effect on the spatial organization of RTKs.
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15
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Goldberg A, O'Connor P, Gonzalez C, Ouren M, Rivera L, Radde N, Nguyen M, Ponce-Herrera F, Lloyd A, Gonzalez A. Genetic interaction between TTG2 and AtPLC1 reveals a role for phosphoinositide signaling in a co-regulated suite of Arabidopsis epidermal pathways. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9752. [PMID: 38679676 PMCID: PMC11056374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The TTG2 transcription factor of Arabidopsis regulates a set of epidermal traits, including the differentiation of leaf trichomes, flavonoid pigment production in cells of the inner testa (or seed coat) layer and mucilage production in specialized cells of the outer testa layer. Despite the fact that TTG2 has been known for over twenty years as an important regulator of multiple developmental pathways, little has been discovered about the downstream mechanisms by which TTG2 co-regulates these epidermal features. In this study, we present evidence of phosphoinositide lipid signaling as a mechanism for the regulation of TTG2-dependent epidermal pathways. Overexpression of the AtPLC1 gene rescues the trichome and seed coat phenotypes of the ttg2-1 mutant plant. Moreover, in the case of seed coat color rescue, AtPLC1 overexpression restored expression of the TTG2 flavonoid pathway target genes, TT12 and TT13/AHA10. Consistent with these observations, a dominant AtPLC1 T-DNA insertion allele (plc1-1D) promotes trichome development in both wild-type and ttg2-3 plants. Also, AtPLC1 promoter:GUS analysis shows expression in trichomes and this expression appears dependent on TTG2. Taken together, the discovery of a genetic interaction between TTG2 and AtPLC1 suggests a role for phosphoinositide signaling in the regulation of trichome development, flavonoid pigment biosynthesis and the differentiation of mucilage-producing cells of the seed coat. This finding provides new avenues for future research at the intersection of the TTG2-dependent developmental pathways and the numerous molecular and cellular phenomena influenced by phospholipid signaling.
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Grants
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- 52006985, 52008124 Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- US National Science Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleah Goldberg
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Patrick O'Connor
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Cassandra Gonzalez
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Mason Ouren
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Luis Rivera
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Noor Radde
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Felipe Ponce-Herrera
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alan Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- The Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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16
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Ahn YM, Jung J, Lee SM. Integrated Omics Analysis Uncovers the Culprit behind Exacerbated Atopic Dermatitis in a Diet-Induced Obesity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4143. [PMID: 38673730 PMCID: PMC11050523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is exacerbated by obesity, yet the precise linking mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate how obesity amplifies AD symptoms. We studied skin samples from three mouse groups: sham control, AD, and high-fat (HF) + AD. The HF + AD mice exhibited more severe AD symptoms than the AD or sham control mice. Skin lipidome analysis revealed noteworthy changes in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, including increased expression of pla2g4, a key enzyme in AA generation. Genes for phospholipid transport (Scarb1) and acyltransferase utilizing AA as the acyl donor (Agpat3) were upregulated in HF + AD skin. Associations were observed between AA-containing phospholipids and skin lipids containing AA and its metabolites. Furthermore, imbalanced phospholipid metabolism was identified in the HF + AD mice, marked by excessive activation of the AA and phosphatidic acid (PA)-mediated pathway. This imbalance featured increased expression of Plcb1, Plcg1, and Dgk involved in PA generation, along with a decrease in genes converting PA into diglycerol (DG) and CDP-DG (Lpin1 and cds1). This investigation revealed imbalanced phospholipid metabolism in the skin of HF + AD mice, contributing to the heightened inflammatory response observed in HF + AD, shedding light on potential mechanisms linking obesity to the exacerbation of AD symptoms.
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17
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Rao X, Li Z, Zhang Q, Lai Y, Liu J, Li L, Cheng H, Shen W, Sun D. α-Hederin induces paraptosis by targeting GPCRs to activate Ca 2+/MAPK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7202. [PMID: 38659391 PMCID: PMC11043672 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-apoptotic cell death is presently emerging as a potential direction to overcome the apoptosis resistance of cancer cells. In the current study, a natural plant agent α-hederin (α-hed) induces caspase-independent paraptotic modes of cell death. PURPOSE The present study is aimed to investigate the role of α-hed induces paraptosis and the associated mechanism of it. METHODS The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. The cytoplasm organelles were observed under electron microscope. Calcium (Ca2+) level was detected by flow cytometry. Swiss Target Prediction tool analyzed the potential molecule targets of α-hed. Molecular docking methods were used to evaluate binding abilities of α-hed with targets. The expressions of genes and proteins were analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Xenograft models in nude mice were established to evaluate the anticancer effects in vivo. RESULTS α-hed exerted significant cytotoxicity against a panel of CRC cell lines by inhibiting proliferation. Besides, it induced cytoplasmic vacuolation in all CRC cells. Electron microscopy images showed the aberrant dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Both mRNA and protein expressions of Alg-2 interacting proteinX (Alix), the marker of paraptosis, were inhibited by α-hed. Besides, both Swiss prediction and molecular docking showed that the structure of α-hed could tightly target to GPCRs. GPCRs were reported to activate the phospholipase C (PLC)-β3/ inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)/ Ca2+/ protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) pathway, and we then found all proteins and mRNA expressions of PLCβ3, IP3R, and PKCα were increased by α-hed. After blocking the GPCR signaling, α-hed could not elevate Ca2+ level and showed less CRC cell cytotoxicity. MAPK cascade is the symbol of paraptosis, and we then demonstrated that α-hed activated MAPK cascade by elevating Ca2+ flux. Since non-apoptotic cell death is presently emerging as a potential direction to overcome chemo-drug resistance, we then found α-hed also induced paraptosis in 5-fluorouracil-resistant (5-FU-R) CRC cells, and it reduced the growth of 5-FU-R CRC xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings proved α-hed as a promising candidate for inducing non-apoptotic cell death, paraptosis. It may overcome the resistance of apoptotic-based chemo-resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Rao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ziwen Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Qinchang Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yueyang Lai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Department of Infectious DiseaseNanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Liu Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Weixing Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Dongdong Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
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18
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Visvanathan R, Utsuki T, Beck DE, Clayton WB, Lendy E, Sun KL, Liu Y, Hering KW, Mesecar A, Zhang ZY, Putt KS. A novel micellular fluorogenic substrate for quantitating the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma (PLCγ) enzymes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299541. [PMID: 38551930 PMCID: PMC10980208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The activities of the phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) 1 and 2 enzymes are essential for numerous cellular processes. Unsurprisingly, dysregulation of PLCγ1 or PLCγ2 activity is associated with multiple maladies including immune disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the modulation of either of these two enzymes has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to combat these diseases. To aid in the discovery of PLCγ family enzyme modulators that could be developed into therapeutic agents, we have synthesized a high-throughput screening-amenable micellular fluorogenic substrate called C16CF3-coumarin. Herein, the ability of PLCγ1 and PLCγ2 to enzymatically process C16CF3-coumarin was confirmed, the micellular assay conditions were optimized, and the kinetics of the reaction were determined. A proof-of-principle pilot screen of the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds 1280 (LOPAC1280) was performed. This new substrate allows for an additional screening methodology to identify modulators of the PLCγ family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Visvanathan
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Tadanobu Utsuki
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Beck
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - W. Brent Clayton
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Emma Lendy
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Kuai-lin Sun
- Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Kirk W. Hering
- Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Mesecar
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Karson S. Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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19
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Kochkina EN, Kopylova EE, Rogachevskaja OA, Kovalenko NP, Kabanova NV, Kotova PD, Bystrova MF, Kolesnikov SS. Agonist-Induced Ca 2+ Signaling in HEK-293-Derived Cells Expressing a Single IP 3 Receptor Isoform. Cells 2024; 13:562. [PMID: 38607001 PMCID: PMC11011116 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, three genes encode IP3 receptors (IP3Rs), which are involved in agonist-induced Ca2+ signaling in cells of apparently all types. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach for disruption of two out of three IP3R genes in HEK-293 cells, we generated three monoclonal cell lines, IP3R1-HEK, IP3R2-HEK, and IP3R3-HEK, with the single functional isoform, IP3R1, IP3R2, and IP3R3, respectively. All engineered cells responded to ACh with Ca2+ transients in an "all-or-nothing" manner, suggesting that each IP3R isotype was capable of mediating CICR. The sensitivity of cells to ACh strongly correlated with the affinity of IP3 binding to an IP3R isoform they expressed. Based on a mathematical model of intracellular Ca2+ signals induced by thapsigargin, a SERCA inhibitor, we developed an approach for estimating relative Ca2+ permeability of Ca2+ store and showed that all three IP3R isoforms contributed to Ca2+ leakage from ER. The relative Ca2+ permeabilities of Ca2+ stores in IP3R1-HEK, IP3R2-HEK, and IP3R3-HEK cells were evaluated as 1:1.75:0.45. Using the genetically encoded sensor R-CEPIA1er for monitoring Ca2+ signals in ER, engineered cells were ranged by resting levels of stored Ca2+ as IP3R3-HEK ≥ IP3R1-HEK > IP3R2-HEK. The developed cell lines could be helpful for further assaying activity, regulation, and pharmacology of individual IP3R isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stanislav S. Kolesnikov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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20
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Gan P, Wu H, Zhu Y, Shu Y, Wei Y. A new look at angiogenesis inhibition of geniposide in experimental arthritis by blocking angiopoietin-2 exocytosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1245-1261. [PMID: 38185885 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key player in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Exocytosis from Weibel-Palade bodies is a prerequisite for angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) to activate endothelial cells and initiate angiogenesis. Geniposide (GE) was previously reported to exert anti-angiogenic effects. The aim of this study was to shed light on whether and how GE regulates Ang-2 exocytosis. A rat model of adjuvant arthritis (AA) was established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of GE (60 and 120 mg/kg) especially in synovial angiogenesis. In addition, the Matrigel plug assay was used to detect the effect of GE (120 and 240 mg/kg) on angiogenesis in AA mice. In vitro, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the effect and mechanism of GE on Ang-2 exocytosis. It was found that GE improved the symptoms of AA rats and inhibited angiogenesis in AA, which may be related to the down-regulation of S1P receptors 1, 3 (S1PR1, S1PR3), phospholipase Cβ3 (PLCβ3), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3 R) and Ang-2 expression. The results of in vitro experiments showed that S1P induced rapid release of Ang-2 from HUVECs with multigranular exocytosis. Suppression of the S1P/S1PR1/3/PLCβ3/Ca2+ signal axis by the S1PR1/3 inhibitor VPC23019 and the IP3 R inhibitor 2-APB blocked Ang-2 exocytosis, accompanied by diminished angiogenesis in vitro. GE dose-dependently weakened S1P/S1PR1/3/PLCβ3/Ca2+ signal axis activation, Ang-2 exocytosis and angiogenesis in HUVECs (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Overall, these findings revealed that angiogenesis inhibition of GE was partly attributed to the intervention of Ang-2 exocytosis through negatively modulating the S1P/S1PR1/3/PLCβ3/Ca2+ signal axis, providing a novel strategy for rheumatoid arthritis anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Science and Technology Department of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Science and Technology Department of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yulong Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Science and Technology Department of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yin Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Science and Technology Department of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Science and Technology Department of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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21
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Weckerly CC, Rahn TA, Ehrlich M, Wills RC, Pemberton JG, Airola MV, Hammond GRV. Nir1-LNS2 is a novel phosphatidic acid biosensor that reveals mechanisms of lipid production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582557. [PMID: 38464273 PMCID: PMC10925316 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite various roles of phosphatidic acid (PA) in cellular functions such as lipid homeostasis and vesicular trafficking, there is a lack of high-affinity tools to study PA in live cells. After analysis of the predicted structure of the LNS2 domain in the lipid transfer protein Nir1, we suspected that this domain could serve as a novel PA biosensor. We created a fluorescently tagged Nir1-LNS2 construct and then performed liposome binding assays as well as pharmacological and genetic manipulations of HEK293A cells to determine how specific lipids affect the interaction of Nir1-LNS2 with membranes. We found that Nir1-LNS2 bound to both PA and PIP2 in vitro. Interestingly, only PA was necessary and sufficient to localize Nir1-LNS2 to membranes in cells. Nir1-LNS2 also showed a heightened responsiveness to PA when compared to biosensors using the Spo20 PA binding domain (PABD). Nir1-LNS2's high sensitivity revealed a modest but discernible contribution of PLD to PA production downstream of muscarinic receptors, which has not been visualized with previous Spo20-based probes. In summary, Nir1-LNS2 emerges as a versatile and sensitive biosensor, offering researchers a new powerful tool for real-time investigation of PA dynamics in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Weckerly
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taylor A Rahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Max Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel C Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua G Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Pereira M, Liang J, Edwards-Hicks J, Meadows AM, Hinz C, Liggi S, Hepprich M, Mudry JM, Han K, Griffin JL, Fraser I, Sack MN, Hess C, Bryant CE. Arachidonic acid inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a mechanism to explain the anti-inflammatory effects of fasting. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113700. [PMID: 38265935 PMCID: PMC10940735 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated interleukin (IL)-1β levels, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and systemic inflammation are hallmarks of chronic metabolic inflammatory syndromes, but the mechanistic basis for this is unclear. Here, we show that levels of plasma IL-1β are lower in fasting compared to fed subjects, while the lipid arachidonic acid (AA) is elevated. Lipid profiling of NLRP3-stimulated mouse macrophages shows enhanced AA production and an NLRP3-dependent eicosanoid signature. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decreases eicosanoid, but not AA, production. It also reduces both IL-1β and IL-18 production in response to NLRP3 activation. AA inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activity in human and mouse macrophages. Mechanistically, AA inhibits phospholipase C activity to reduce JNK1 stimulation and hence NLRP3 activity. These data show that AA is an important physiological regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome and explains why fasting reduces systemic inflammation and also suggests a mechanism to explain how nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- The Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allison M Meadows
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Hinz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonia Liggi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kim Han
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iain Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Hess
- The Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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23
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Štětina T, Koštál V. Extracellular freezing induces a permeability transition in the inner membrane of muscle mitochondria of freeze-sensitive but not freeze-tolerant Chymomyza costata larvae. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1358190. [PMID: 38384799 PMCID: PMC10880108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1358190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Many insect species have evolved the ability to survive extracellular freezing. The search for the underlying principles of their natural freeze tolerance remains hampered by our poor understanding of the mechanistic nature of freezing damage itself. Objectives: Here, in search of potential primary cellular targets of freezing damage, we compared mitochondrial responses (changes in morphology and physical integrity, respiratory chain protein functionality, and mitochondrial inner membrane (IMM) permeability) in freeze-sensitive vs. freeze-tolerant phenotypes of the larvae of the drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata. Methods: Larvae were exposed to freezing stress at -30°C for 1 h, which is invariably lethal for the freeze-sensitive phenotype but readily survived by the freeze-tolerant phenotype. Immediately after melting, the metabolic activity of muscle cells was assessed by the Alamar Blue assay, the morphology of muscle mitochondria was examined by transmission electron microscopy, and the functionality of the oxidative phosphorylation system was measured by Oxygraph-2K microrespirometry. Results: The muscle mitochondria of freeze-tolerant phenotype larvae remained morphologically and functionally intact after freezing stress. In contrast, most mitochondria of the freeze-sensitive phenotype were swollen, their matrix was diluted and enlarged in volume, and the structure of the IMM cristae was lost. Despite this morphological damage, the electron transfer chain proteins remained partially functional in lethally frozen larvae, still exhibiting strong responses to specific respiratory substrates and transferring electrons to oxygen. However, the coupling of electron transfer to ATP synthesis was severely impaired. Based on these results, we formulated a hypothesis linking the observed mitochondrial swelling to a sudden loss of barrier function of the IMM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimír Koštál
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
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24
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Lao-Peregrin C, Xiang G, Kim J, Srivastava I, Fall AB, Gerhard DM, Kohtala P, Kim D, Song M, Garcia-Marcos M, Levitz J, Lee FS. Synaptic plasticity via receptor tyrosine kinase/G-protein-coupled receptor crosstalk. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113595. [PMID: 38117654 PMCID: PMC10844890 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular signaling involves a large repertoire of membrane receptors operating in overlapping spatiotemporal regimes and targeting many common intracellular effectors. However, both the molecular mechanisms and the physiological roles of crosstalk between receptors, especially those from different superfamilies, are poorly understood. We find that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) TrkB and the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) together mediate hippocampal synaptic plasticity in response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Activated TrkB enhances constitutive mGluR5 activity to initiate a mode switch that drives BDNF-dependent sustained, oscillatory Ca2+ signaling and enhanced MAP kinase activation. This crosstalk is mediated, in part, by synergy between Gβγ, released by TrkB, and Gαq-GTP, released by mGluR5, to enable physiologically relevant RTK/GPCR crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoqing Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ipsit Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandra B Fall
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Danielle M Gerhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Piia Kohtala
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daegeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeongnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38451, South Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeongnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38451, South Korea
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA.
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25
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Ma M, Zheng Y, Lu S, Pan X, Worley KC, Burrage LC, Blieden LS, Allworth A, Chen WL, Merla G, Mandriani B, Rosenfeld JA, Li-Kroeger D, Dutta D, Yamamoto S, Wangler MF, Glass IA, Strohbehn S, Blue E, Prontera P, Lalani SR, Bellen HJ. De novo variants in PLCG1 are associated with hearing impairment, ocular pathology, and cardiac defects. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.08.23300523. [PMID: 38260438 PMCID: PMC10802640 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.23300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase C isozymes (PLCs) hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, important signaling molecules involved in many cellular processes. PLCG1 encodes the PLCγ1 isozyme that is broadly expressed. Hyperactive somatic mutations of PLCG1 are observed in multiple cancers, but only one germline variant has been reported. Here we describe three unrelated individuals with de novo heterozygous missense variants in PLCG1 (p.Asp1019Gly, p.His380Arg, and p.Asp1165Gly) who exhibit variable phenotypes including hearing loss, ocular pathology and cardiac septal defects. To model these variants in vivo, we generated the analogous variants in the Drosophila ortholog, small wing (sl). We created a null allele slT2A and assessed the expression pattern. sl is broadly expressed, including in wing discs, eye discs, and a subset of neurons and glia. Loss of sl causes wing size reductions, ectopic wing veins and supernumerary photoreceptors. We document that mutant flies exhibit a reduced lifespan and age-dependent locomotor defects. Expressing wild-type sl in slT2A mutant rescues the loss-of-function phenotypes whereas expressing the variants causes lethality. Ubiquitous overexpression of the variants also reduces viability, suggesting that the variants are toxic. Ectopic expression of an established hyperactive PLCG1 variant (p.Asp1165His) in the wing pouch causes severe wing phenotypes, resembling those observed with overexpression of the p.Asp1019Gly or p.Asp1165Gly variants, further arguing that these two are gain-of-function variants. However, the wing phenotypes associated with p.His380Arg overexpression are mild. Our data suggest that the PLCG1 de novo heterozygous missense variants are pathogenic and contribute to the features observed in the probands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Current affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kim C. Worley
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren S. Blieden
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aimee Allworth
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Current affiliation: Children’s National Medical Center and George Washington University, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Laboratory of Regulatory & Functional Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia 71013, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Barbara Mandriani
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Li-Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ian A. Glass
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sam Strohbehn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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26
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Okamoto M, Yamamoto M. TCR Signals Controlling Adaptive Immunity against Toxoplasma and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:177-193. [PMID: 38467980 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
T cells play a crucial role in adaptive immunity by recognizing and eliminating foreign pathogens and abnormal cells such as cancer cells. T cell receptor (TCR), which is expressed on the surface of T cells, recognizes and binds to specific antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This activation process leads to the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, allowing them to carry out their specific immune response functions. This chapter outlines the TCR signaling pathways that are common to different T cell subsets, as well as the recently elucidated TCR signaling pathway specific to CD8+ T cells and its role in controlling anti-Toxoplasma and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Okamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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27
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Kanai SM, Clouthier DE. Endothelin signaling in development. Development 2023; 150:dev201786. [PMID: 38078652 PMCID: PMC10753589 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of endothelin 1 (EDN1) in 1988, the role of endothelin ligands and their receptors in the regulation of blood pressure in normal and disease states has been extensively studied. However, endothelin signaling also plays crucial roles in the development of neural crest cell-derived tissues. Mechanisms of endothelin action during neural crest cell maturation have been deciphered using a variety of in vivo and in vitro approaches, with these studies elucidating the basis of human syndromes involving developmental differences resulting from altered endothelin signaling. In this Review, we describe the endothelin pathway and its functions during the development of neural crest-derived tissues. We also summarize how dysregulated endothelin signaling causes developmental differences and how this knowledge may lead to potential treatments for individuals with gene variants in the endothelin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M. Kanai
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David E. Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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28
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Roh TH, Chae MK, Ko JS, Kikkawa DO, Jang SY, Yoon JS. Phospholipase C-γ as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Graves' Orbitopathy. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:739-749. [PMID: 37989267 PMCID: PMC10765002 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) plays a crucial role in immune responses and is related to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of PLC-γ and the therapeutic effect of the PLC-specific inhibitor U73122 using orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). METHODS The expression of phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1) and phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2) was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction in GO and normal orbital tissues/fibroblasts. The primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts were treated with non-toxic concentrations of U73122 with or without interleukin (IL)-1β to determine its therapeutic efficacy. The proinflammatory cytokine levels and activation of downstream signaling molecules were determined using Western blotting. RESULTS PLCG1 and PLCG2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in GO orbital tissues than in controls (P<0.05). PLCG1 and PLCG2 mRNA expression was significantly increased (P<0.05) in IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and a cluster of differentiation 40 ligand-stimulated GO fibroblasts. U73122 significantly inhibited the IL-1β-induced expression of proinflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and p38 (p-p38) kinase in GO fibroblasts, whereas it inhibited IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1, and p-Akt and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in normal fibroblasts (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PLC-γ-inhibiting U73122 suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 kinase in GO fibroblasts. This study indicates the implications of PLC-γ in GO pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Roh
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don O. Kikkawa
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sun Young Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Falzone ME, MacKinnon R. The mechanism of Gαq regulation of PLCβ3-catalyzed PIP2 hydrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2315011120. [PMID: 37991948 PMCID: PMC10691244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315011120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PLCβ (Phospholipase Cβ) enzymes cleave phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) producing IP3 and DAG (diacylglycerol). PIP2 modulates the function of many ion channels, while IP3 and DAG regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels and protein phosphorylation by protein kinase C, respectively. PLCβ enzymes are under the control of G protein coupled receptor signaling through direct interactions with G proteins Gβγ and Gαq and have been shown to be coincidence detectors for dual stimulation of Gαq and Gαi-coupled receptors. PLCβs are aqueous-soluble cytoplasmic enzymes but partition onto the membrane surface to access their lipid substrate, complicating their functional and structural characterization. Using newly developed methods, we recently showed that Gβγ activates PLCβ3 by recruiting it to the membrane. Using these same methods, here we show that Gαq increases the catalytic rate constant, kcat, of PLCβ3. Since stimulation of PLCβ3 by Gαq depends on an autoinhibitory element (the X-Y linker), we propose that Gαq produces partial relief of the X-Y linker autoinhibition through an allosteric mechanism. We also determined membrane-bound structures of the PLCβ3·Gαq and PLCβ3·Gβγ(2)·Gαq complexes, which show that these G proteins can bind simultaneously and independently of each other to regulate PLCβ3 activity. The structures rationalize a finding in the enzyme assay, that costimulation by both G proteins follows a product rule of each independent stimulus. We conclude that baseline activity of PLCβ3 is strongly suppressed, but the effect of G proteins, especially acting together, provides a robust stimulus upon G protein stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Falzone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- HHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Roderick MacKinnon
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- HHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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Ponce A, Larre I, Jimenez L, Roldán ML, Shoshani L, Cereijido M. Ouabain's Influence on TRPV4 Channels of Epithelial Cells: An Exploration of TRPV4 Activity, Expression, and Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16687. [PMID: 38069012 PMCID: PMC10705919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ouabain, a substance originally obtained from plants, is now classified as a hormone because it is produced endogenously in certain animals, including humans. However, its precise effects on the body remain largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that ouabain can influence the phenotype of epithelial cells by affecting the expression of cell-cell molecular components and voltage-gated potassium channels. In this study, we conducted whole-cell clamp assays to determine whether ouabain affects the activity and/or expression of TRPV4 channels. Our findings indicate that ouabain has a statistically significant effect on the density of TRPV4 currents (dITRPV4), with an EC50 of 1.89 nM. Regarding treatment duration, dITRPV4 reaches its peak at around 1 h, followed by a subsequent decline and then a resurgence after 6 h, suggesting a short-term modulatory effect related to on TRPV4 channel activity and a long-term effect related to the promotion of synthesis of new TRPV4 channel units. The enhancement of dITRPV4 induced by ouabain was significantly lower in cells seeded at low density than in cells in a confluent monolayer, indicating that the action of ouabain depends on intercellular contacts. Furthermore, the fact that U73122 and neomycin suppress the effect caused by ouabain in the short term suggests that the short-term induced enhancement of dITRPV4 is due to the depletion of PIP2 stores. In contrast, the fact that the long-term effect is inhibited by PP2, wortmannin, PD, FR18, and IKK16 suggests that cSrc, PI3K, Erk1/2, and NF-kB are among the components included in the signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Isabel Larre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Lidia Jimenez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Roldán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Liora Shoshani
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcelino Cereijido
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (L.J.); (M.L.R.); (L.S.); (M.C.)
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Wang W, Wang Y. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of biomarkers and pathways for exploring the mechanisms and molecular targets associated with pyroptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1207142. [PMID: 38034011 PMCID: PMC10684677 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1207142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research has shown that pyroptosis contributes greatly to the progression of diabetes and its complications. However, the exact relationship between this particular cell death process and the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. In this study, we used bioinformatic tools to identify the pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) associated with T2DM and to analyze their roles in the disease pathology. Methods Two microarray datasets, GSE7014 and GSE25724, were obtained from the GEO database and assessed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The T2DM-associated DEGs that overlapped with differentially expressed PRGs were noted as T2DM-PRGs. Subsequently, 25 T2DM-PRGs were validated and subjected to functional enrichment analysis through Gene Ontology annotation analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The diagnostic and predictive value of the T2DM-PRGs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). Additionally, a single-sample GSEA algorithm was applied to study immune infiltration in T2DM and assess immune infiltration levels. Results We identified 25 T2DM-PRGs that were significantly enriched in the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling and prostate cancer pathways. The top five differentially expressed prognostic T2DM-PRGs targeted by miRNAs were PTEN, BRD4, HSP90AB1, VIM, and PKN2. The top five differentially expressed T2DM-PRGs associated with transcription factors were HSP90AB1, VIM, PLCG1, SCAF11, and PTEN. The genes PLCG1, PTEN, TP63, CHI3L1, SDHB, DPP8, BCL2, SERPINB1, ACE2, DRD2, DDX58, and BTK showed excellent diagnostic performance. The immune infiltration analysis revealed notable differences in immune cells between T2DM and normal tissues in both datasets. These findings suggest that T2DM-PRGs play a crucial role in the development and progression of T2DM and could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Discussion Investigating the mechanisms and biomarkers associated with pyroptosis may offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of T2DM and lead to novel therapeutic approaches to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical Collage, Baotou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Suzuki R, Murakami C, Dilimulati K, Atsuta-Tsunoda K, Kawai T, Sakane F. Human sphingomyelin synthase 1 generates diacylglycerol in the presence and absence of ceramide via multiple enzymatic activities. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2672-2686. [PMID: 37715942 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) synthase 1 (SMS1), which is involved in lipodystrophy, deafness, and thrombasthenia, generates diacylglycerol (DG) and SM using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramide as substrates. Here, we found that SMS1 possesses DG-generating activities via hydrolysis of PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the absence of ceramide and ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase (CPES) activity. In the presence of the same concentration (4.7 mol%) of PC and ceramide, the amounts of DG produced by SMS and PC-phospholipase C (PLC) activities of SMS1 were approximately 65% and 35% of total DG production, respectively. PC-PLC activity showed substrate selectivity for saturated and/or monounsaturated fatty acid-containing PC species. A PC-PLC/SMS inhibitor, D609, inhibited only SMS activity. Mn2+ inhibited only PC-PLC activity. Intriguingly, DG attenuated SMS/CPES activities. Our study indicates that SMS1 is a unique enzyme with PC-PLC/PE-PLC/SMS/CPES activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Kamila Dilimulati
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
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Kim HY, Lee J, Kim HJ, Lee BE, Jeong J, Cho EJ, Jang HJ, Shin KJ, Kim MJ, Chae YC, Lee SE, Myung K, Baik JH, Suh PG, Kim JI. PLCγ1 in dopamine neurons critically regulates striatal dopamine release via VMAT2 and synapsin III. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2357-2375. [PMID: 37907739 PMCID: PMC10689754 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons are essential for voluntary movement, reward learning, and motivation, and their dysfunction is closely linked to various psychological and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, understanding the detailed signaling mechanisms that functionally modulate dopamine neurons is crucial for the development of better therapeutic strategies against dopamine-related disorders. Phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) is a key enzyme in intracellular signaling that regulates diverse neuronal functions in the brain. It was proposed that PLCγ1 is implicated in the development of dopaminergic neurons, while the physiological function of PLCγ1 remains to be determined. In this study, we investigated the physiological role of PLCγ1, one of the key effector enzymes in intracellular signaling, in regulating dopaminergic function in vivo. We found that cell type-specific deletion of PLCγ1 does not adversely affect the development and cellular morphology of midbrain dopamine neurons but does facilitate dopamine release from dopaminergic axon terminals in the striatum. The enhancement of dopamine release was accompanied by increased colocalization of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) at dopaminergic axon terminals. Notably, dopamine neuron-specific knockout of PLCγ1 also led to heightened expression and colocalization of synapsin III, which controls the trafficking of synaptic vesicles. Furthermore, the knockdown of VMAT2 and synapsin III in dopamine neurons resulted in a significant attenuation of dopamine release, while this attenuation was less severe in PLCγ1 cKO mice. Our findings suggest that PLCγ1 in dopamine neurons could critically modulate dopamine release at axon terminals by directly or indirectly interacting with synaptic machinery, including VMAT2 and synapsin III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Young Chan Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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El Fizazi K, Bouramtane A, Abbassi M, El Asri YA, Askander O, El Fahime M, Ouldim K, Ridal M, Bouguenouch L. A homozygous missense variant in the PLCB4 gene causes severe phenotype of auriculocondylar syndrome type 2. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2673-2678. [PMID: 37596802 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a rare craniofacial birth defect characterized by malformations in the mandible and external ear (Question Mark Ear). Genetically, three distinct subtypes of ARCND (ARCND1, ARCND2, and ARCND3) have been identified. ARCND2 is linked to pathogenic variants in the PLCB4 gene (phospholipase C β4). PLCB4 is a key effector of the EDN1-EDNRA pathway involved in craniofacial development via the induction, migration, and maintenance of neural crest cells. ARCND2 is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, with recessive inheritance pattern being rare. In this study, we report the first homozygous missense variant (NM_000933.4: c.2050G>A: p.(Gly684Arg)) in the PLCB4 gene causing ARCND in a 3-year-old patient with a severe clinical phenotype of the syndrome. The patient presented with typical craniofacial ARCND features, in addition to intestinal transit defect, macropenis, and hearing loss. These findings further delineate the phenotypic spectrum of ARCND associated with autosomal recessive PLCB4 loss of function variants. Notably, our results provide further evidence that these variants can result in a more severe and diverse manifestations of the syndrome. Clinicians should consider the rare features of this condition for better management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla El Fizazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Bouramtane
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meriame Abbassi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Yasser Ali El Asri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Omar Askander
- Superior Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mohamed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Fahime
- National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ridal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Laboratory of Anatomy, Microsurgery and Experimental Surgery, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
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Lemos FO, de Ridder I, Bootman MD, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The Complex Effects of PKM2 and PKM2:IP 3R Disruption on Intracellular Ca 2+ Handling and Cellular Functions. Cells 2023; 12:2527. [PMID: 37947604 PMCID: PMC10647343 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M (PKM) 2 was described to interact with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) and suppress its activity. To further investigate the physiological importance of the PKM2:IP3R interaction, we developed and characterized HeLa PKM2 knockout (KO) cells. In the HeLa PKM2 KO cells, the release of Ca2+ to the cytosol appears to be more sensitive to low agonist concentrations than in HeLa wild-type (WT) cells. However, upon an identical IP3-induced Ca2+ release, Ca2+ uptake in the mitochondria is decreased in HeLa PKM2 KO cells, which may be explained by the smaller number of contact sites between the ER and the mitochondria. Furthermore, in HeLa PKM2 KO cells, mitochondria are more numerous, though they are smaller and less branched and have a hyperpolarized membrane potential. TAT-D5SD, a cell-permeable peptide representing a sequence derived from IP3R1 that can disrupt the PKM2:IP3R interaction, induces Ca2+ release into the cytosol and Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria in both HeLa WT and PKM2 KO cells. Moreover, TAT-D5SD induced apoptosis in HeLa WT and PKM2 KO cells but not in HeLa cells completely devoid of IP3Rs. These results indicate that PKM2 separately regulates cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and that the cytotoxic effect of TAT-D5SD depends on IP3R activity but not on PKM2. However, the tyrosine kinase Lck, which also interacts with the D5SD sequence, is expressed neither in HeLa WT nor PKM2 KO cells, and we can also exclude a role for PKM1, which is upregulated in HeLa PKM2 KO cells, indicating that the TAT-D5SD peptide has a more complex mode of action than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O. Lemos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI—B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.d.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Ian de Ridder
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI—B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.d.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Martin D. Bootman
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI—B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.d.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Jan B. Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI—B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.d.R.); (G.B.)
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Komondor KM, Bainbridge RE, Sharp KG, Iyer AR, Rosenbaum JC, Carlson AE. TMEM16A activation for the fast block to polyspermy in the African clawed frog does not require conventional activation of egg PLCs. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213258. [PMID: 37561060 PMCID: PMC10405425 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm, a condition known as polyspermy, leads to gross chromosomal abnormalities and is embryonic lethal for most animals. Consequently, eggs have evolved multiple processes to stop supernumerary sperm from entering the nascent zygote. For external fertilizers, such as frogs and sea urchins, fertilization signals a depolarization of the egg membrane, which serves as the fast block to polyspermy. Sperm can bind to, but will not enter, depolarized eggs. In eggs from the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, the fast block depolarization is mediated by the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel TMEM16A. To do so, fertilization activates phospholipase C, which generates IP3 to signal a Ca2+ release from the ER. Currently, the signaling pathway by which fertilization activates PLC during the fast block remains unknown. Here, we sought to uncover this pathway by targeting the canonical activation of the PLC isoforms present in the X. laevis egg: PLCγ and PLCβ. We observed no changes to the fast block in X. laevis eggs inseminated in inhibitors of tyrosine phosphorylation, used to stop activation of PLCγ, or inhibitors of Gαq/11 pathways, used to stop activation of PLCβ. These data suggest that the PLC that signals the fast block depolarization in X. laevis is activated by a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M. Komondor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel E. Bainbridge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine G. Sharp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha R. Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel C. Rosenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne E. Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Androutsopoulos G, Styliara I, Zarogianni E, Lazurko N, Valasoulis G, Michail G, Adonakis G. The ErbB Signaling Network and Its Potential Role in Endometrial Cancer. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:24. [PMID: 37873809 PMCID: PMC10594534 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common malignancy of the female reproductive system worldwide. The updated EC classification emphasizes the significant role of various signaling pathways such as PIK3CA-PIK3R1-PTEN and RTK/RAS/β-catenin in EC pathogenesis. Some of these pathways are part of the EGF system signaling network, which becomes hyperactivated by various mechanisms and participates in cancer pathogenesis. In EC, the expression of ErbB receptors is significantly different, compared with the premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrium, mainly because of the increased transcriptional activity of ErbB encoding genes in EC cells. Moreover, there are some differences in ErbB-2 receptor profile among EC subgroups that could be explained by the alterations in pathophysiology and clinical behavior of various EC histologic subtypes. The fact that ErbB-2 receptor expression is more common in aggressive EC histologic subtypes (papillary serous and clear cell) could indicate a future role of ErbB-targeted therapies in well-defined EC subgroups with overexpression of ErbB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Androutsopoulos
- Gynaecological Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (I.S.); (E.Z.); (N.L.); (G.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Ioanna Styliara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (I.S.); (E.Z.); (N.L.); (G.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Evgenia Zarogianni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (I.S.); (E.Z.); (N.L.); (G.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Nadia Lazurko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (I.S.); (E.Z.); (N.L.); (G.M.); (G.A.)
| | - George Valasoulis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece;
- Hellenic National Public Health Organization—ECDC, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Michail
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (I.S.); (E.Z.); (N.L.); (G.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Georgios Adonakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece; (I.S.); (E.Z.); (N.L.); (G.M.); (G.A.)
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Phadnis VV, Snider J, Varadharajan V, Ramachandiran I, Deik AA, Lai ZW, Kunchok T, Eaton EN, Sebastiany C, Lyakisheva A, Vaccaro KD, Allen J, Yao Z, Wong V, Geng B, Weiskopf K, Clish CB, Brown JM, Stagljar I, Weinberg RA, Henry WS. MMD collaborates with ACSL4 and MBOAT7 to promote polyunsaturated phosphatidylinositol remodeling and susceptibility to ferroptosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113023. [PMID: 37691145 PMCID: PMC10591818 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death with roles in degenerative diseases and cancer. Excessive iron-catalyzed peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, especially those containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA), is central in driving ferroptosis. Here, we reveal that an understudied Golgi-resident scaffold protein, MMD, promotes susceptibility to ferroptosis in ovarian and renal carcinoma cells in an ACSL4- and MBOAT7-dependent manner. Mechanistically, MMD physically interacts with both ACSL4 and MBOAT7, two enzymes that catalyze sequential steps to incorporate AA in phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids. Thus, MMD increases the flux of AA into PI, resulting in heightened cellular levels of AA-PI and other AA-containing phospholipid species. This molecular mechanism points to a pro-ferroptotic role for MBOAT7 and AA-PI, with potential therapeutic implications, and reveals that MMD is an important regulator of cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi V Phadnis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Iyappan Ramachandiran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elinor Ng Eaton
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Anna Lyakisheva
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kyle D Vaccaro
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Juliet Allen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Betty Geng
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kipp Weiskopf
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Whitney S Henry
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Chiang YP, Li Z, He M, Jones Q, Pan M, Han X, Jiang XC. Sphingomyelin synthase-related protein SMSr is a phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase C that promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105162. [PMID: 37586586 PMCID: PMC10494463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS)-related protein (SMSr) is a phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase C (PE-PLC) that is conserved and ubiquitous in mammals. However, its biological function is still not clear. We previously observed that SMS1 deficiency-mediated glucosylceramide accumulation caused nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. Here, first, we evaluated high-fat diet/fructose-induced NAFLD in Smsr KO and WT mice. Second, we evaluated whether SMSr deficiency can reverse SMS1 deficiency-mediated NAFLD, using Sms1/Sms2 double and Sms1/Sms2/Smsr triple KO mice. We found that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency attenuated high-fat diet/fructose-induced fatty liver and NASH, and attenuated glucosylceramide accumulation-induced NASH, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Further, we found that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency reduced the expression of many inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-related factors, and PE supplementation in vitro or in vivo mimicked the condition of SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency or PE supplementation effectively prevented membrane-bound β-catenin transfer to the nucleus, thereby preventing tumor-related gene expression. Finally, we observed that patients with NASH had higher SMSr protein levels in the liver, lower plasma PE levels, and lower plasma PE/phosphatidylcholine ratios, and that human plasma PE levels are negatively associated with tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor β1 levels. In conclusion, SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency causes PE accumulation, which can attenuate fatty liver, NASH, and fibrosis. These results suggest that SMSr/PE-PLC inhibition therapy may mitigate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun-Po Chiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mulin He
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Quiana Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Lipidomics Core, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Lipidomics Core, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
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40
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Burda PC, Ramaprasad A, Bielfeld S, Pietsch E, Woitalla A, Söhnchen C, Singh MN, Strauss J, Sait A, Collinson LM, Schwudke D, Blackman MJ, Gilberger TW. Global analysis of putative phospholipases in Plasmodium falciparum reveals an essential role of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C in parasite maturation. mBio 2023; 14:e0141323. [PMID: 37489900 PMCID: PMC10470789 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01413-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For its replication within red blood cells, the malaria parasite depends on a highly active and regulated lipid metabolism. Enzymes involved in lipid metabolic processes such as phospholipases are, therefore, potential drug targets. Here, using reverse genetics approaches, we show that only 1 out of the 19 putative phospholipases expressed in asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum is essential for proliferation in vitro, pointing toward a high level of redundancy among members of this enzyme family. Using conditional mislocalization and gene disruption techniques, we show that this essential phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, PF3D7_1013500) has a previously unrecognized essential role during intracellular parasite maturation, long before its previously perceived role in parasite egress and invasion. Subsequent lipidomic analysis suggests that PI-PLC mediates cleavage of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in schizont-stage parasites, underlining its critical role in regulating phosphoinositide levels in the parasite. IMPORTANCE The clinical symptoms of malaria arise due to repeated rounds of replication of Plasmodium parasites within red blood cells (RBCs). Central to this is an intense period of membrane biogenesis. Generation of membranes not only requires de novo synthesis and acquisition but also the degradation of phospholipids, a function that is performed by phospholipases. In this study, we investigate the essentiality of the 19 putative phospholipase enzymes that the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum expresses during its replication within RBCs. We not only show that a high level of functional redundancy exists among these enzymes but, at the same time, also identify an essential role for the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C in parasite development and cleavage of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Christian Burda
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abhinay Ramaprasad
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Bielfeld
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emma Pietsch
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Woitalla
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christoph Söhnchen
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mehar Nihal Singh
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Strauss
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Sait
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M. Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael J. Blackman
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim-Wolf Gilberger
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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41
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Falzone ME, MacKinnon R. The mechanism of Gα q regulation of PLCβ3 -catalyzed PIP2 hydrolysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555394. [PMID: 37693483 PMCID: PMC10491199 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PLCβ enzymes cleave PIP2 producing IP3 and DAG. PIP2 modulates the function of many ion channels, while IP3 and DAG regulate intracellular Ca 2+ levels and protein phosphorylation by protein kinase C, respectively. PLCβ enzymes are under the control of GPCR signaling through direct interactions with G proteins Gβγ and Gα q and have been shown to be coincidence detectors for dual stimulation of Gα q and G α i coupled receptors. PLCβs are aqueous-soluble cytoplasmic enzymes, but partition onto the membrane surface to access their lipid substrate, complicating their functional and structural characterization. Using newly developed methods, we recently showed that Gβγ activates PLCβ3 by recruiting it to the membrane. Using these same methods, here we show that Gα q increases the catalytic rate constant, k cat , of PLCβ3 . Since stimulation of PLCβ3 by Gα q depends on an autoinhibitory element (the X-Y linker), we propose that Gα q produces partial relief of the X-Y linker autoinhibition through an allosteric mechanism. We also determined membrane-bound structures of the PLCβ3-Gα q , and PLCβ3-Gβγ(2)-Gα q complexes, which show that these G proteins can bind simultaneously and independently of each other to regulate PLCβ3 activity. The structures rationalize a finding in the enzyme assay, that co-stimulation by both G proteins follows a product rule of each independent stimulus. We conclude that baseline activity of PLCβ3 is strongly suppressed, but the effect of G proteins, especially acting together, provides a robust stimulus upon G protein stimulation. Significance Statement For certain cellular signaling processes, the background activity of signaling enzymes must be minimal and stimulus-dependent activation robust. Nowhere is this truer than in signaling by PLCβ3 , whose activity regulates intracellular Ca 2+ , phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C, and the activity of numerous ion channels and membrane receptors. In this study we show how PLCβ3 enzymes are regulated by two kinds of G proteins, Gβγ and Gα q . Enzyme activity studies and structures on membranes show how these G proteins act by separate, independent mechanisms, leading to a product rule of co-stimulation when they act together. The findings explain how cells achieve robust stimulation of PLCβ3 in the setting of very low background activity, properties essential to cell health and survival.
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42
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Lao-Peregrin C, Xiang G, Kim J, Srivastava I, Fall AB, Gerhard DM, Kohtala P, Kim D, Song M, Garcia-Marcos M, Levitz J, Lee FS. Synaptic plasticity via receptor tyrosine kinase/G protein-coupled receptor crosstalk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555210. [PMID: 37693535 PMCID: PMC10491144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular signaling involves a large repertoire of membrane receptors operating in overlapping spatiotemporal regimes and targeting many common intracellular effectors. However, both the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles of crosstalk between receptors, especially those from different superfamilies, are poorly understood. We find that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), TrkB, and the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), together mediate a novel form of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Activated TrkB enhances constitutive mGluR5 activity to initiate a mode-switch that drives BDNF-dependent sustained, oscillatory Ca 2+ signaling and enhanced MAP kinase activation. This crosstalk is mediated, in part, by synergy between Gβγ, released by TrkB, and Gα q -GTP, released by mGluR5, to enable a previously unidentified form of physiologically relevant RTK/GPCR crosstalk.
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43
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Fazio A, Evangelisti C, Cappellini A, Mongiorgi S, Koufi FD, Neri I, Marvi MV, Russo M, Ghigo A, Manzoli L, Fiume R, Ratti S. Emerging Roles of Phospholipase C Beta Isozymes as Potential Biomarkers in Cardiac Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13096. [PMID: 37685903 PMCID: PMC10487445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes represent crucial participants in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, including the cardiac sarcolemmal (SL) membrane of cardiomyocytes. They are responsible for the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) into 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3), both essential lipid mediators. These second messengers regulate the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration, which activates signal transduction cascades involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte activity. Of note, emerging evidence suggests that changes in cardiomyocytes' phospholipid profiles are associated with an increased occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the significant impact of PLC on the cardiovascular system, encompassing both physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, it focuses on the relevance of PLCβ isoforms as potential cardiac biomarkers, due to their implications for pathological disorders, such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying PLCβ activation and regulation is crucial for unraveling the complex signaling networks involved in healthy and diseased myocardium. Ultimately, this knowledge holds significant promise for advancing the development of potential therapeutic strategies that can effectively target and address cardiac disorders by focusing on the PLCβ subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Fazio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Foteini-Dionysia Koufi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Irene Neri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (C.E.); (A.C.); (S.M.); (F.-D.K.); (I.N.); (M.V.M.); (L.M.)
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44
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Koval A, Zhang X, Katanaev VL. Improved approaches to channel capacity estimation discover compromised GPCR signaling in diverse cancer cells. iScience 2023; 26:107270. [PMID: 37502258 PMCID: PMC10368911 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling orchestrates an organism's development and functioning and underlies various pathologies, such as cancer, when aberrant. A universal cell signaling characteristic is channel capacity - the measure of how much information a given transmitting system can reliably transduce. Here, we describe improved approaches to quantify GPCR signaling channel capacity in single cells, averaged across cell population. We assess the channel capacity based on distribution of residuals by the cellular response amplitude. We further develop means to handle irregularly responding cancer cells using the integral values of their response to different agonist concentrations. These approaches enabled us to analyze, for the first time, channel capacity in single cancer cells. A universal feature emerging for different cancer cell types is a decreased channel capacity of their GPCR signaling. These findings provide experimental validation to the hypothesis that cancer is an information disease, bearing importance for basic cancer biology and anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Koval
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
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45
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Leonard TA, Loose M, Martens S. The membrane surface as a platform that organizes cellular and biochemical processes. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1315-1332. [PMID: 37419118 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Membranes are essential for life. They act as semi-permeable boundaries that define cells and organelles. In addition, their surfaces actively participate in biochemical reaction networks, where they confine proteins, align reaction partners, and directly control enzymatic activities. Membrane-localized reactions shape cellular membranes, define the identity of organelles, compartmentalize biochemical processes, and can even be the source of signaling gradients that originate at the plasma membrane and reach into the cytoplasm and nucleus. The membrane surface is, therefore, an essential platform upon which myriad cellular processes are scaffolded. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the biophysics and biochemistry of membrane-localized reactions with particular focus on insights derived from reconstituted and cellular systems. We discuss how the interplay of cellular factors results in their self-organization, condensation, assembly, and activity, and the emergent properties derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Leonard
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Loose
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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46
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Yu Q, Zou W, Liu K, Sun J, Chao Y, Sun M, Zhang Q, Wang X, Wang X, Ge L. Lipid transport protein ORP2A promotes glucose signaling by facilitating RGS1 degradation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:3170-3188. [PMID: 37073508 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) are a group of regulators essential for signal transmission into cells. Regulator of G protein signaling 1 (AtRGS1) possesses intrinsic GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity and could suppress G protein and glucose signal transduction in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, how AtRGS1 activity is regulated is poorly understood. Here, we identified a knockout mutant of oxysterol binding protein-related protein 2A, orp2a-1, which exhibits similar phenotypes to the arabidopsis g-protein beta 1-2 (agb1-2) mutant. Transgenic lines overexpressing ORP2A displayed short hypocotyls, a hypersensitive response to sugar, and lower intracellular AtRGS1 levels than the control. Consistently, ORP2A interacted with AtRGS1 in vitro and in vivo. Tissue-specific expression of 2 ORP2A alternative splicing isoforms implied functions in controlling organ size and shape. Bioinformatic data and phenotypes of orp2a-1, agb1-2, and the orp2a-1 agb1-2 double mutant revealed the genetic interactions between ORP2A and Gβ in the regulation of G protein signaling and sugar response. Both alternative protein isoforms of ORP2A localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane (PM), and ER-PM contact sites and interacted with vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein 27-1 (VAP27-1) in vivo and in vitro through their two phenylalanines in an acidic track-like motif. ORP2A also displayed differential phosphatidyl phosphoinositide binding activity mediated by the pleckstrin homology domain in vitro. Taken together, the Arabidopsis membrane protein ORP2A interacts with AtRGS1 and VAP27-1 to positively regulate G protein and sugar signaling by facilitating AtRGS1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wenjiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Kui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Jialu Sun
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanru Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lei Ge
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Wei W, Smrcka AV. Internalized β2-Adrenergic Receptors Inhibit Subcellular Phospholipase C-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophic Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.544153. [PMID: 37333278 PMCID: PMC10274790 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronically elevated neurohumoral drive, and particularly elevated adrenergic tone leading to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) overstimulation in cardiac myocytes, is a key mechanism involved in the progression of heart failure. β1-AR and β2-ARs are the two major subtypes of β-ARs present in the human heart, however, they elicit different or even opposite effects on cardiac function and hypertrophy. For example, chronic activation of β1ARs drives detrimental cardiac remodeling while β2AR signaling is protective. The underlying molecular mechanisms for cardiac protection through β2ARs remain unclear. Here we show that β2-AR protects against hypertrophy through inhibition of PLCε signaling at the Golgi apparatus. The mechanism for β2AR-mediated PLC inhibition requires internalization of β2AR, activation of Gi and Gβγ subunit signaling at endosomes and ERK activation. This pathway inhibits both angiotensin II and Golgi-β1-AR-mediated stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis at the Golgi apparatus ultimately resulting in decreased PKD and HDAC5 phosphorylation and protection against cardiac hypertrophy. This reveals a mechanism for β2-AR antagonism of the PLCε pathway that may contribute to the known protective effects of β2-AR signaling on the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Alan V. Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
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48
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Hipkaeo W, Kondo H. Localization of phospholipid-related signal molecules in salivary glands of rodents: A review. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:146-155. [PMID: 37061129 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1950s, Hokin conducted initial studies on phosphoinositide turnover/cycle in salivary glandular cells. From these studies, the idea emerged that receptor-mediated changes in intramembranous levels of phosphoinositides represent an early step in the stimulus-response pathway. Based on this idea and the general view that knowledge of the exact localization of a given endogenous molecule in cells in situ is important for understanding its functional significance, we have reviewed available information about the localization of several representative phosphoinositide-signaling molecules in the salivary glands in situ in mice. HIGHLIGHT We focused on phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5-kinase α, β, γ, phospholipase Cβ, muscarinic cholinoceptors 1 and 3, diacylglycerol kinase ζ, phospholipase D1 and 2, ADP-ribosylation factor 6 and its exchange factors for Arf6, and cannabinoid receptors. These molecules individually exhibit differential localization in a spatiotemporal manner in the exocrine glands, making it possible to deduce their functional significance, such as their involvement in secretion and cell differentiation. CONCLUSION Although phosphoinositide-signaling molecules whose in situ localization in glandular cells has been clarified are still limited, the obtained information on their localization suggests that their functional significance is more valuable in glandular ducts than in acini. It thus suggests the necessity of greater attention to the ducts in their physio-pharmacological analyses. The purpose of this review is to encourage more in situ localization studies of phosphoinositide-signaling molecules with an aim to further understand their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, JAPAN
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49
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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50
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Haan KD, Park SJ, Nakamura Y, Fukami K, Fisher TE. Osmotically evoked PLCδ1-dependent translocation of ΔN-TRPV1 channels in rat supraoptic neurons. iScience 2023; 26:106258. [PMID: 36926650 PMCID: PMC10011827 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osmoregulation is an essential homeostatic process that requires constant release of vasopressin during sustained increases in plasma osmolality. The magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) respond to increases in external osmolality through increases in the activity of ΔN-TRPV1 channels, which leads to increased action potential firing and vasopressin release. We show that sustained exposure of acutely isolated rat and mouse MNCs to hypertonic solutions (90 min) causes a reversible translocation of ΔN-TRPV1 channels from internal stores to the plasma membrane that depends on the activation of phospholipase C and on SNARE-dependent exocytosis. ΔN-TRPV1 channel translocation is absent in MNCs isolated from transgenic mice lacking the PLCδ1 isoform, suggesting that PLCδ1 is essential for triggering this process. The translocation of ΔN-TRPV1 channels to the cell surface could contribute to the maintenance of MNC excitability during sustained increases in osmolality. Our data therefore have important implications for the mechanisms underlying mammalian osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk D Haan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sung Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas E Fisher
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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