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Malani K, Pradhan S, Madani MM, Roberts MB, Shadyab A, Allison M, Brasky TM, Schnatz PF, Snetselaar L, Eaton CB. Association of Diet Quality With Risk of Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Women's Health Initiative. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00553-7. [PMID: 39025233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various foods and nutrients are linked with higher or lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet these associations are inconsistent across studies. Limited research has been done evaluating the association between diet quality and RA in a larger-scale prospective study on postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary quality and risk of incident RA in postmenopausal women. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study as part of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), with an average follow-up time of 8.1 years. Baseline diet was measured using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Diet quality was evaluated by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 total score. In addition, intake of food groups and nutrients that align with HEI-2015 components was assessed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Postmenopausal women (N = 109 591) were included in this study, which was conducted at various clinical centers across the United States with recruitment from 1993 to 1998. Women's Health Initiative participants who were missing outcome data, had unreliable/missing FFQ data, or had RA at baseline were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was incident RA. Statistical analyses performed Multivariable Cox proportional regression analysis was performed evaluating the association of diet quality with self-reported physician-diagnosed RA after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, education status, income, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS During 857 517 person-years of follow-up, 5823 incident RA cases were identified. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, compared with quartile 1, quartiles 2, 3, and 4 of the HEI-2015 total scores were associated with lower RA risks of 1%, 10%, and 19%, respectively (P-trend < .001). Greater consumption of total fruits (P-trend = .014), whole fruits (P-trend < .0002), total vegetables (P-trend = .008), greens and beans (P-trend < .0002), whole grains (P-trend = .008), and dairy (P-trend = .018) were significantly associated with lower rates of incident RA. Conversely, higher consumption of saturated fat (P-trend = .002) was significantly associated with higher rates of incident RA. CONCLUSION A higher-quality diet reflected by higher HEI-2015 total scores was inversely associated with incident RA in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Malani
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI.
| | - Sushaili Pradhan
- Brown University Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, RI
| | | | - Mary B Roberts
- Brown University Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, RI
| | - Aladdin Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matthew Allison
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Peter F Schnatz
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, West Reading, PA
| | | | - Charles B Eaton
- Brown University Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, RI; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Pawtucket, RI; Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, RI
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Uysal M, Mete B, Kara E, Demirhindi H, Haytoglu Z, Yuksel B, Turan İ, Daglioglu G, Dogus Y. Plasma pentraxin-3 levels and its role in childhood obesity-Is it anti-inflammatory? A matched group study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 101:13-22. [PMID: 38691652 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has been associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) with anthropometric measurements, dietary content and physical activity level in children. DESIGN A matched group study. PATIENTS This study was conducted with 91 children aged 6-17 years, divided into two groups: "non-obese group" (Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score [BMI SDS] <95th percentile) and "obese group" (BMI SDS ≥95th percentile). MEASUREMENTS Plasma PTX-3 levels. RESULTS The mean age of 91 children included in the study was 12.34 ± 2.86 years. Plasma PTX-3 levels were significantly higher in obese children (p = .028). No significant correlation was found between BMI SDS and plasma PTX-3 values, but a weak positive correlation was found when physical activity level was controlled (r = .176, p = .049). In addition, it was found that fat mass was a partial mediator of plasma PTX-3 level, and an increase in the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue negatively affected plasma PTX-3 level. Plasma PTX-3 level showed a weak positive correlation (r = .223, p = .017) with physical activity score and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, while a weak negative correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. One unit increase in physical activity score or polyunsaturated fatty acid level caused 0.730 and 2.061 unit increases in plasma PTX-3 level, respectively; while one unit increase in dietary fat intake caused 0.413-unit decrease. CONCLUSION There was an indirect relationship between the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue and PTX-3 level. The results of our study suggested that plasma PTX-3 was associated with lower levels of inflammation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Uysal
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Burak Mete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ertan Kara
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hakan Demirhindi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Haytoglu
- Department of General Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Yuksel
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - İhsan Turan
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Daglioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Dogus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Zhou T, Cheng J, He S, Zhang C, Gao MX, Zhang LJ, Sun JP, Zhu Y, Ai D. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 mediates the atheroprotective effect of eicosapentaenoic acid. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01070-3. [PMID: 38907081 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have been associated with potential cardiovascular benefits, partly attributed to their bioactive metabolites. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these advantages are not fully understood. We previously reported that metabolites of the cytochrome P450 pathway derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) mediated the atheroprotective effect of ω-3 PUFAs. Here, we show that 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ) and its receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), in endothelial cells (ECs) can inhibit oscillatory shear stress- or tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial activation in cultured human ECs. Notably, the atheroprotective effect of 17,18-EEQ and purified EPA is circumvented in male mice with endothelial S1PR1 deficiency. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory effect of 17,18-EEQ relies on calcium release-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, which is abolished upon inhibition of S1PR1 or Gq signaling. Furthermore, 17,18-EEQ allosterically regulates the conformation of S1PR1 through a polar interaction with Lys34Nter. Finally, we show that Vascepa, a prescription drug containing highly purified and stable EPA ethyl ester, exerts its cardiovascular protective effect through the 17,18-EEQ-S1PR1 pathway in male and female mice. Collectively, our findings indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of 17,18-EEQ involves the activation of the S1PR1-Gq-Ca2+-eNOS axis in ECs, offering a potential therapeutic target against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xin Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ding Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Li Y, Tang H, Yang X, Ma L, Zhou H, Zhang G, Chen X, Ma L, Gao J, Ji W. Associations of ω-3, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and ω-6: ω-3 ratio with systemic immune and inflammatory biomarkers: NHANES 1999-2020. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1410154. [PMID: 38912301 PMCID: PMC11190316 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1410154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, diseases caused by abnormal immune-inflammatory responses have become increasingly severe. Dietary intervention involving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) has emerged as a potential treatment. However, research investigating the relationship between ω-3, ω-6 PUFAs, and ω-6 to ω-3 ratio with inflammatory biomarkers remains controversial. Methods To investigate the correlation between the intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and the ratio of ω-6: ω-3 with biomarkers of inflammation, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999 to 2020) was utilized. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and white blood cell (WBC) were selected as study subjects. Dietary data for ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs were collected via two 24-h dietary recall interviews. SII index and other indicators were obtained from the blood routine data. The multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were utilized to evaluate the association of ω-3, ω-6 PUFAs intake, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio to SII and secondary measures. Results This study involved a total of 43,155 American adults. ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs exhibited negative correlations with SII, PLR, NLR, and WBC. The correlation between ω-6: ω-3 ratio and SII, PLR, NLR, and WBC was not significant. Furthermore, the dose-response relationship showed that the relationship between the intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and SII was an "L" pattern. Conclusion Intake of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs reduces the levels of several inflammatory biomarkers in the body and exerts immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Liyang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Liyang, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hangqi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjiang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Chen X, Shi K, Zhang Y, Song Y, Wang X, Tian X. Causal association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with biliary tract diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:37-45. [PMID: 38777457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evidence connecting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to biliary problems is still highly contested and speculative despite the fact that biliary diseases are common and PUFAs have long been studied for their potential health benefits. This work used Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques in conjunction with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to clarify the causal relationships between PUFAs and biliary tract diseases. METHODS We compiled data on PUFAs, including Omega-3 fatty acids, Omega-6 fatty acids, and the ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-6:Omega-3), using GWAS. MR was used to examine biliary tract problems (cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas). Single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with PUFAs were selected as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects on biliary tract diseases. The final results were analyzed using five MR analysis techniques. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary outcome. And IVW was utilized in conjunction with the other MR analysis techniques (MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode). Additionally, we evaluated heterogeneity and horizontal multiplicity using the MR-Egger intercept test and Cochrane's Q test, respectively. Finally, to increase the accuracy and precision of the study outcomes, we carried out a number of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS We found that Omega-3 fatty acids reduced the risk of cholecystitis (OR: 0.851, P = 0.009), cholelithiasis (OR: 0.787, P = 8.76e-5), and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas (OR: 0.842, P = 1.828e-4) but increased the primary biliary cholangitis (OR: 2.220, P = 0.004). There was no significant association between Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of gallbladder cancer (OR: 3.127, P = 0.530) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR: 0.919, P = 0.294). Omega-6 fatty acids were associated with a reduced risk of cholecystitis (OR: 0.845, P = 0.040). However, they were not linked to an increased or decreased risk of cholelithiasis (OR: 0.878, P = 0.14), gallbladder cancer (OR: 4.670, P = 0.515), primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR: 0.993, P = 0.962), primary cholestatic biliary cholangitis (OR: 1.404, P = 0.509), or disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas. Omega-6:Omega-3 fatty acids were linked to a greater risk of cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas (OR:1.168, P = 0.009, OR:1.191, P = 1.60e-6, and OR:1.160, P = 4.11e-6, respectively). But (OR: 0.315, P = 0.010) was linked to a decreased risk of primary biliary cholangitis. Not linked to risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR: 1.079, P = 0.078) or gallbladder cancer (OR: 0.046, P = 0.402). According to the MR-Egger intercept, our MR examination did not appear to be impacted by any pleiotropy (all P > 0.05). Additionally, sensitivity studies validated the accuracy of the calculated causation. CONCLUSION Inconsistent causative relationships between PUFAs and biliary tract diseases were revealed in our investigation. However, Omega-3 fatty acids were found to causally lower the risk of cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas. Omega-3 fatty acids increased the risk of primary biliary cholangitis in a causative way. Omega-3 fatty acids with the risk of gallbladder cancer and primary sclerosing cholangitis did not have any statistically significant relationships. Omega-6 fatty acids were not significantly causally connected with the risk of cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, primary sclerosing cholangitis, or disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas. However, they did play a causative role in lowering the risk of cholecystitis. Omega-6:Omega-3 fatty acids decreased the risk of primary biliary cholangitis but increased the risk of cholecystitis, gallstone disease, and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas. They had no effect on the risk of gallbladder cancer or primary sclerosing cholangitis. Therefore, additional research should be done to examine the probable processes mediating the link between polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of biliary tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Kaijia Shi
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Disease Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Yuqi Song
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China; Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
| | - Xinghan Tian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
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Mirzababaei A, Abaj F, Roumi Z, Khosroshahi RA, Aali Y, Clark CCT, Radmehr M, Mirzaei K. Consumption of red, white, and processed meat and odds of developing kidney damage and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in women: a case control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10344. [PMID: 38710706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most prevalent and severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the associations between red, processed, and white meat consumption and the odds of developing kidney damage and DN in women. We enrolled 105 eligible women with DN and 105 controls (30-65 years). A validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the consumption of red, processed, and white meat. Biochemical variables and anthropometric measurements were assessed for all patients using pre-defined protocols. Binary logistic regression was conducted to examine possible associations. The results of the present study showed that there was a direct significant association between high consumption of red meat and processed meats and odds of microalbuminuria (red meat 2.30, 95% CI 1.25, 4.22; P-value = 0.007, processed meat: OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18, 3.95; P-value = 0.01), severe albuminuria (red meat OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.38, 7.46; P-value = 0.007, processed meat: OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.01, 5.49; P-value = 0.04), BUN levels (red meat: OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.10, 5.93; P-value = 0.02, processed meat: OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.04, 5.62; P-value = 0.03), and DN (red meat 2.53, 95% CI 1.45, 4.42; P-value = 0.001, processed meat: OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.27, 3.85; P-value = 0.005). In summary, our study suggests that higher consumption of red and processed meat sources may be associated with microalbuminuria, severe albuminuria, higher BUN level, and higher odds of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of nutrition, Dietetics and food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yasaman Aali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Mina Radmehr
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Wimalasena ST, Ramírez Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Rivera JA, Sun YV, Stein AD, Ferranti EP, Alvarez JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal and Offspring Fatty Acid Desaturase Variants, Prenatal DHA Supplementation, and Dietary n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children. J Nutr 2024; 154:1540-1548. [PMID: 38453026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes may modify dietary fatty acid requirements and influence cardiometabolic health (CMH). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the role of selected variants in maternal and offspring FADS genes on offspring CMH at the age of 11 y and assessed interactions of genotype with diet quality and prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. METHODS We used data from offspring (n = 203) born to females who participated in a randomized controlled trial of DHA supplementation (400 mg/d) from midgestation to delivery. We generated a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose and identified 6 distinct haplotypes from 5 offspring FADS SNPs. Dietary n-6 (ω-6):n-3 fatty acid ratios were derived from 24-h recall data (n = 141). We used generalized linear models to test associations of offspring diet and FADS haplotypes with MetS score and interactions of maternal and offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with prenatal treatment group and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio on MetS score. RESULTS Associations between FADS haplotypes and MetS score were null. Offspring SNP rs174602 did not modify the association of prenatal DHA supplementation with MetS score. Among children with TT or TC genotype for SNP rs174602 (n = 88), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile (>8.61) had higher MetS score relative to the lowest tertile [<6.67) (Δ= 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.69]. Among children with CC genotype (n = 53), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile had a lower MetS score relative to the lowest tertile (Δ= -0.23; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.16). CONCLUSIONS There was evidence of an interaction of offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with current dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, but not with prenatal DHA supplementation, on MetS score. Further studies may help to determine the utility of targeted supplementation strategies and dietary recommendations based on genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Erin P Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Shimizu A, Okada K, Tomata Y, Uno C, Kawase F, Momosaki R. Association between Japanese Diet Adherence and Muscle Weakness in Japanese Adults Aged ≥50 Years: Findings from the JSTAR Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7065. [PMID: 37998296 PMCID: PMC10671671 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Japanese diet adherence has been inversely correlated with muscle weakness. In this study, we aimed to validate that association. Longitudinal data from 1699 individuals aged ≥50 years (mean age 62.5 ± 6.9 years, 50.4% female) at two time points (2007 and 2011) were used. Participants without muscle weakness from several regions in Japan were included. The 12-component revised Japanese Diet Index (rJDI12) classified by tertiles assessed adherence to the Japanese dietary pattern. Muscle weakness was defined as a handgrip strength of ˂18 kg for females and ˂28 kg for males based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria 2019. A multivariate logistic approach was used to determine the relationship between rJDI12 tertile and the occurrence of muscle weakness by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) throughout the observation period. Muscle weakness was negatively correlated with the highest rJDI12 tertile (OR [95% CI] 0.891 [0.814, 0.973] for T3). This association was consistent in sensitivity analyses with multiple imputations of missing values. Closely following the Japanese dietary pattern appears to reduce the occurrence of muscle weakness among the aging population in this study, suggesting it may prevent frailty and sarcopenia in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Shimizu
- Department of Food and Health Science, Faculty of Health and Human Development, The University of Nagano, 8-49-7, Miwa, Nagano 380-8525, Japan
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, 57, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan; (K.O.); (C.U.)
| | - Kiwako Okada
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, 57, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan; (K.O.); (C.U.)
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1, Heisei-cho, Yokosuka 238-8522, Japan;
| | - Chiharu Uno
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, 57, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan; (K.O.); (C.U.)
| | - Fumiya Kawase
- Graduate School of Nutritional Science, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, 57, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan;
| | - Ryo Momosaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
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9
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Zhu G, Xu J, Guo G, Zhu F. Association between Lipids, Apolipoproteins and Telomere Length: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4497. [PMID: 37960150 PMCID: PMC10647842 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The relationship between lipids, apolipoproteins, and telomere length (TL) has been explored in previous studies; however, the causal relationship between the two remains unclear. This study aims to assess the causal relationship between lipids, apolipoproteins, and TL using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach; (2) Methods: This study comprehensively employed both univariate MR (uvMR) and multivariate MR (mvMR) methods to genetically evaluate the associations between 21 exposures related to lipids and apolipoproteins and the outcome of TL. During the analysis process, we utilized various statistical methods, including Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), Weighted Median, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, and outlier tests. Furthermore, to confirm the robustness of the results, we conducted several sensitivity analyses to explore potential heterogeneity; (3) Results: The uvMR analysis indicated that an increase in MUFA, MUFA/FA ratio, LDL-C, VLDL-C, total cholesterol, ApoB, and triglycerides (TG) was associated with an increase in TL. However, this relationship did not manifest in the mvMR analysis, suggesting that this association may be based on preliminary evidence; (4) Conclusions: MR analysis results suggest potential suggestive positive causal relationships between genetically predicted MUFA, MUFA/FA ratio, LDL-C, VLDL-C, total cholesterol, ApoB, and TG with TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Zhu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China; (G.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China; (G.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China; (G.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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10
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Jiang J, Shi Q, Li X, He X, Wu C, Li X. Biological Characteristics and Functional Analysis of the Linoleic Acid Synthase Gene ZjFAD2 in Jujube. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15479. [PMID: 37895156 PMCID: PMC10607877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Jujube fruit is rich in linoleic acid and other bioactive components and has great potential to be used for the development of functional foods. However, the roles of FAD2 genes in linoleic acid biosynthesis in jujube fruit remain unclear. Here, we identified 15 major components in jujube and found that linoleic acid was the main unsaturated fatty acid; major differences in the content and distribution of linoleic acid in the pulp and seeds were observed, and levels of linoleic acid decreased during fruit maturation. Analysis of the fatty acid metabolome, genome, and gene expression patterns of cultivated and wild-type jujube revealed five ZjFAD2 family members highly related to linoleic acid biosynthesis. The heterologous expression of these five ZjFAD2 family members in tobacco revealed that all five of these genes increased the content of linoleic acid. Additionally, transient expression of these genes in jujube fruit and the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) test further confirmed the key roles of ZjFAD2-11 and ZjFAD2-1 in the biosynthesis of linoleic acid. The results of this research provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying linoleic acid synthesis in jujube and will aid the development of quality-oriented breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jiang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xueying He
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
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11
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Charitha Koneru S, Sikand G, Agarwala A. Optimizing Dietary Patterns and Lifestyle to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Among South Asian Individuals. Am J Cardiol 2023; 203:113-121. [PMID: 37487405 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
South Asians are at an elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) when compared with other age-matched subjects of varied ethnicities. The elevated ASCVD risk is multifactorial including a constellation of hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, overweight/obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although traditional ASCVD risk factors remain highly prevalent in South Asians living in the United States, modifiable risk factors of diet, lack of physical activity/increased sedentary time, smoking (of all forms), and excessive alcohol consumption further accelerate the disease process. In this review, we take a deep dive into optimizing lifestyle to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in this high-risk ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Charitha Koneru
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Cardiovascular Division, Baylor Scott and White Health Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, Texas
| | - Geeta Sikand
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Anandita Agarwala
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Cardiovascular Division, Baylor Scott and White Health Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, Texas.
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12
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Brouns F, Van Haaps A, Keszthelyi D, Venema K, Bongers M, Maas J, Mijatovic V. Diet associations in endometriosis: a critical narrative assessment with special reference to gluten. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1166929. [PMID: 37731404 PMCID: PMC10507348 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1166929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus. The etiology remains largely unknown. Despite adequate treatment, patients can still experience symptoms or side effects resulting in therapy incompliance and in self-management strategies such as dietary measures is increasing. A gluten free diet is thought to be contributory in reducing endometriosis-related pain, thereby optimizing quality of life. However, data is conflicting and currently provides no evidence for causality. This narrative review aims to put the effect of dietary self-management strategies on endometriosis in a balanced perspective, especially the effect of gluten and a gluten free diet. Several studies have found a strong overlap in symptoms, metabolic and immune responses associated with endometriosis and those associated with celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. However, it remains unclear whether these diseases and/or disorders are causal to an increased risk of endometriosis. Some studies have found a positive effect on the risk of endometriosis, endometriosis-related symptoms and quality of life (QoL) when women either avoided certain nutrients or foods, or applied a specific nutrient supplementation. This includes the avoidance of red meat and omega-3, an increasing intake of foods rich in anti-oxidants, micronutrients and dietary fibers (e.g., fruit, vegetables) and the appliance of a gluten free diet. However, data from the available studies were generally graded of low quality and it was noted that placebo and/or nocebo effects influenced the reported positive effects. In addition, such effects were no longer seen when adjusting for confounders such as overweight, when a translation was made from in vitro to in vivo, or when the nutrients were not supplemented as isolated sources but as part of a mixed daily diet. Finally, some studies showed that long-term adherence to a gluten free diet is often associated with an impaired diet quality and nutrient intake, leading to negative health outcomes and reduced QoL. Concluding, scientific evidence on the efficacy of dietary interventions on well-defined clinical endpoints of endometriosis is lacking and recommending a gluten free diet to women solely diagnosed with endometriosis should therefore not be advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Brouns
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Annelotte Van Haaps
- Endometriosis Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marlies Bongers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands
- Grow-School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jacques Maas
- Grow-School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology MUMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Velja Mijatovic
- Endometriosis Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Chen DK, Metherel AH, Rezaei K, Parzanini C, Chen CT, Ramsden CE, Horowitz M, Faurot KR, MacIntosh B, Zamora D, Bazinet RP. Analysis of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism by compound-specific isotope analysis in humans. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100424. [PMID: 37572791 PMCID: PMC10507585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural variations in the 13C:12C ratio (carbon-13 isotopic abundance [δ13C]) of the food supply have been used to determine the dietary origin and metabolism of fatty acids, especially in the n-3 PUFA biosynthesis pathway. However, n-6 PUFA metabolism following linoleic acid (LNA) intake remains under investigation. Here, we sought to use natural variations in the δ13C signature of dietary oils and fatty fish to analyze n-3 and n-6 PUFA metabolism following dietary changes in LNA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + DHA in adult humans. Participants with migraine (aged 38.6 ± 2.3 years, 93% female, body mass index of 27.0 ± 1.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary groups for 16 weeks: 1) low omega-3, high omega-6 (H6), 2) high omega-3, high omega-6 (H3H6), or 3) high omega-3, low omega-6 (H3). Blood was collected at baseline, 4, 10, and 16 weeks. Plasma PUFA concentrations and δ13C were determined. The H6 intervention exhibited increases in plasma LNA δ13C signature over time; meanwhile, plasma LNA concentrations were unchanged. No changes in plasma arachidonic acid δ13C or concentration were observed. Participants on the H3H6 and H3 interventions demonstrated increases in plasma EPA and DHA concentration over time. Plasma δ13C-EPA increased in total lipids of the H3 group and phospholipids of the H3H6 group compared with baseline. Compound-specific isotope analysis supports a tracer-free technique that can track metabolism of dietary fatty acids in humans, provided that the isotopic signature of the dietary source is sufficiently different from plasma δ13C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Chen
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kimia Rezaei
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Camilla Parzanini
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chuck T Chen
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Horowitz
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Beth MacIntosh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Metabolic and Nutrition Research Core, UNC Medical Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Phillips AE, Wilson AS, Greer PJ, Hinton A, Culp S, Paragomi P, Pothoulakis I, Singh V, Lee PJ, Lahooti I, Whitcomb DC, Papachristou GI. Relationship of circulating levels of long-chain fatty acids to persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G279-G285. [PMID: 37461868 PMCID: PMC10511174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00074.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
During acute pancreatitis (AP), free fatty acids (FFAs) are liberated from circulating triglycerides (TG) and injured adipocytes by pancreatic lipase. Circulating FFAs have been suspected as a source of systemic lipotoxicity in AP. However, assessment of FFAs is difficult and time-consuming, and little is known about relative levels of FFAs between patients with different severities of AP and controls. This study's aims were to assess early circulating levels of FFAs, (both saturated and unsaturated) in patients with AP vs. controls, and associations between FFA levels and AP severity. Serum samples from patients with AP were collected at enrollment (day 1 of hospital stay); serum samples were also collected from controls. FFAs including palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid were extracted and quantitated using gas chromatography separation. Severity of AP was determined by Revised Atlanta Classification. Differences in FFA levels and percentages of total FFAs were assessed between patients with AP and controls and patients with AP of different severity grades. A total of 93 patients with AP (48 female, 52%) and 29 controls (20 female, 69%) were enrolled. Of the patients with AP, 74 had mild/moderate and 19 had severe AP. Serum levels of all FFAs except stearic acid were significantly higher in patients with AP compared with controls. A strong and independent association between elevated palmitoleic acid levels and severe AP was found. Serum unsaturated FFA levels, specifically palmitoleic acid, appear to correlate with severe AP. These findings have potential clinical implications for targeted AP therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Drivers of the inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis remain incompletely understood. Unsaturated fatty acids, specifically palmitoleic, appear to have an association with more severe acute pancreatitis. This finding presents a new clinical understanding of fatty acid toxicity and highlights a potential future target for treatment in severe acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Evans Phillips
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Annette S Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Phil J Greer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alice Hinton
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Stacey Culp
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Pedram Paragomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ioannis Pothoulakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Vijay Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
| | - Peter J Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ila Lahooti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Georgios I Papachristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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15
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Choi J, Rod-in W, Jang AY, Park WJ. Arctoscopus japonicus Lipids Enhance Immunity of Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression. Foods 2023; 12:3292. [PMID: 37685225 PMCID: PMC10486990 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A lipid extract was obtained from eggs of the sailfin sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus. Immunostimulatory effects of A. japonicus lipids incorporated with PEG6000 (AJ-PEG) on immunosuppressed mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CY) were investigated. AJ-PEG was administered orally to mice at different concentrations of 25 to 100 mg/kg body weight (BW). CY was injected to mice intraperitoneally at 80 mg/kg BW. Administration of AJ-PEG significantly increased the spleen index of CY-treated mice. AJ-PEG also stimulated the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) activity. Immune-associated cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ as well as TLR4 were overexpressed in splenic lymphocytes. Furthermore, AJ-PEG significantly increased splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In peritoneal macrophages, AJ-PEG administration improved proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, and phagocytosis. It also upregulated iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. Taken together, these results suggest that AJ-PEG can be used in animal models with immunosuppressive conditions as a potent immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongUn Choi
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea; (W.R.-i.); (A.-y.J.)
| | - Weerawan Rod-in
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea; (W.R.-i.); (A.-y.J.)
| | - A-yeong Jang
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea; (W.R.-i.); (A.-y.J.)
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea; (W.R.-i.); (A.-y.J.)
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16
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Li Y, Feng Y, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Jiang D, Luo J. Untargeted metabolomics of saliva in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus and healthy non-pregnant women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1206462. [PMID: 37538307 PMCID: PMC10394705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1206462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the differences in salivary metabolites between pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), healthy pregnant women (HPW), and healthy non-pregnant women (HNPW), and analyze the possible associations between the identified metabolites and gingivitis. Method The study included women with GDM (n = 9, mean age 28.9 ± 3.6 years, mean gestational age 30.1 ± 3.2 weeks), HPW (n = 9, mean age 27.9 ± 3.0 years, mean gestational age 28.6 ± 4.7 weeks), and HNPW (n = 9, mean age 27.7 ± 2.1 years). Saliva samples were collected from all participants and were analyzed with LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis. Metabolite extraction, qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways between groups. The identified differential metabolites were further analyzed in an attempt to explore their possible associations with periodontal health and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of periodontal inflammation during pregnancy. Results In positive ion mode, a total of 2,529 molecular features were detected in all samples, 166 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HPW groups (89 upregulated and 77 downregulated), 823 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HNPW groups (402 upregulated and 421 downregulated), and 647 differential metabolites were identified between the HPW and HNPW groups (351 upregulated and 296 downregulated). In negative ion mode, 983 metabolites were detected in all samples, 49 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HPW groups (29 upregulated and 20 downregulated), 341 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HNPW groups (167 upregulated and 174 downregulated), and 245 differential metabolites were identified between the HPW and HNPW groups (112 upregulated and 133 downregulated). A total of nine differential metabolites with high confidence levels were identified in both the positive and negative ion modes, namely, L-isoleucine, D-glucose 6-phosphate, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, adenosine, adenosine-monophosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. Among all pathways enriched by the upregulated differential metabolites, the largest number of pathways were enriched by four differential metabolites, adenosine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, and adenosine-monophosphate, and among all pathways enriched by the downregulated differential metabolites, the largest number of pathways were enriched by three differential metabolites, L-isoleucine, xanthine, and arachidonic acid. Conclusion Untargeted metabolomic analysis of saliva samples from pregnant women with GDM, HPW, and HNPW identified nine differential metabolites with high confidence. The results are similar to findings from previous metabolomics studies of serum and urine samples, which offer the possibility of using saliva for regular noninvasive testing in the population of pregnant women with and without GDM. Meanwhile, the associations between these identified differential metabolites and gingivitis need to be further validated by subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Chongqing Changshou Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Gray NL, Stoodley I, Wood LG, Collins CE, Brown LJ, Rae KM, Pringle KG, Schumacher TL. Omega-3 Fatty Acids during Pregnancy in Indigenous Australian Women of the Gomeroi Gaaynggal Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081943. [PMID: 37111163 PMCID: PMC10145055 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher dietary intakes of Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have been linked to lower rates of preterm birth and preeclampsia. The aim of this analysis was to describe dietary intake and fractions of red blood cell (RBC) membrane LC-PUFAs during pregnancy in a cohort of Indigenous Australian women. Maternal dietary intake was assessed using two validated dietary assessment tools and quantified using the AUSNUT (Australian Food and Nutrient) 2011-2013 database. Analysis from a 3-month food frequency questionnaire indicated that 83% of this cohort met national n-3 LC-PUFA recommendations, with 59% meeting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) recommendations. No nutritional supplements used by the women contained n-3 LC-PUFAs. Over 90% of women had no detectable level of ALA in their RBC membranes, and the median Omega-3 Index was 5.5%. This analysis appears to illustrate a decline in concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) across gestation in women who had preterm birth. However, there was no visible trend in LC-PUFA fractions in women who experienced hypertension during pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand the link between dietary intake of n-3 LC-PUFA-rich foods and the role of fatty acids in preterm birth and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Gray
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Isobel Stoodley
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Leanne J Brown
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Kym M Rae
- Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Tracy L Schumacher
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
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18
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The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Treatment of Endometriosis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030654. [PMID: 36983810 PMCID: PMC10058497 DOI: 10.3390/life13030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease in women of childbearing age that affects approximately 5–15% of the female population. The etiology of endometriosis is complex, multifaceted, and not fully understood. In endometriosis, which is an estrogen-related chronic inflammatory condition, estrogen plays a major role in endometrial cellular growth. High estrogen levels could be another risk factor for developing endometriosis. The aim of this review is to update knowledge on the impact of dietary fats on the development of endometriosis and chronic inflammation in women with endometriosis and diet therapy. Dietary fat may be linked with the progression and development of endometriosis, but studies have been contradictory due to various issues including sample size, different study designs, and different methodological aspects. Results have shown that the risk of endometriosis may increase with a higher consumption of products rich in saturated fats, especially palmitic acid and trans-unsaturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fats and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may likely be connected with a lower risk of developing endometriosis and with reductions in the severity of disease. Monounsaturated fats, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a suitable eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio can be used in diet therapy to improve quality of life by reducing pain and inflammation. Further research is needed in order to fully understand the influence of dietary fats on the risk of development of this disease.
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Seo B, Yang K, Kahe K, Qureshi AA, Chan AT, De Vivo I, Cho E, Giovannucci EL, Nan H. Association of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake with leukocyte telomere length in US males. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1759-1766. [PMID: 36130216 PMCID: PMC9761772 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation, which are related to telomere shortening. Evidence supporting an association between intake of n-3 or n-6 fatty acids and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in males has been limited. OBJECTIVES We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the associations of total or individual n-3 or total n-6 fatty acid intake with LTL in US males. METHODS We included 2,494 US males with LTL measurement from 4 nested case-control studies within the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Individuals with previous histories of cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases at or before blood collection were excluded. Blood collection was performed between 1993 and 1995, and relevant information including n-3 and n-6 intake was collected in 1994 by questionnaire. The LTL was log-transformed and Z scores of the LTL were calculated for statistical analyses by standardizing the LTL in comparison with the mean within each selected nested case-control study. RESULTS We found that consumption of DHA (22:6n-3) was positively associated with LTL. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with individuals who had the lowest intake of DHA (i.e., first quartile group), the percentage differences (95% CIs) of LTL were -3.7 (-13.7, 7.5), 7.0 (-4.3, 19.7), and 8.2 (-3.5, 21.3) for individuals in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of consumption, respectively (P-trend = 0.0498). We did not find significant associations between total n-3 or total n-6 fatty acid intakes and LTL. In addition, we found that males who consumed canned tuna had longer LTL than those who did not; in the multivariable-adjusted model, the percentage difference of LTL was 10.5 (95% CI: 1.3, 20.4) (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher intakes of DHA and canned tuna consumption are associated with longer LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojung Seo
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keming Yang
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Global Health, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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20
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Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuñez JA, Martinez JA. The Role of Nutrition on Meta-inflammation: Insights and Potential Targets in Communicable and Chronic Disease Management. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:305-335. [PMID: 36258149 PMCID: PMC9579631 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the onset and progression of communicable and chronic diseases. This review examined the effects and eventual mediation roles of different nutritional factors on inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Potential nutritional compounds influencing inflammation processes include macro and micronutrients, bioactive molecules (polyphenols), specific food components, and culinary ingredients as well as standardized dietary patterns, eating habits, and chrononutrition features. Therefore, research in this field is still required, taking into account critical aspects of heterogeneity including type of population, minimum and maximum intakes and adverse effects, cooking methods, physiopathological status, and times of intervention. Moreover, the integrative analysis of traditional variables (age, sex, metabolic profile, clinical history, body phenotype, habitual dietary intake, physical activity levels, and lifestyle) together with individualized issues (genetic background, epigenetic signatures, microbiota composition, gene expression profiles, and metabolomic fingerprints) may contribute to the knowledge and prescription of more personalized treatments aimed to improving the precision medical management of inflammation as well as the design of anti-inflammatory diets in chronic and communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Universidad 14418, UABC, Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana, 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
| | | | - Juan A Vargas-Nuñez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Ardisson Korat AV, Chiu YH, Bertrand KA, Zhang S, Epstein MM, Rosner BA, Chiuve S, Campos H, Giovannucci EL, Chavarro JE, Birmann BM. A prospective analysis of red blood cell membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3351-3361. [PMID: 36255154 PMCID: PMC9877158 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2131419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Published studies report inconsistent associations of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. We conducted a nested case-control study in Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study participants to evaluate a hypothesis of inverse association of pre-diagnosis red blood cell (RBC) membrane PUFA levels with risk of NHL endpoints. We confirmed 583 NHL cases and matched 583 controls by cohort/sex, age, race and blood draw date/time. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of NHL endpoints using logistic regression. RBC PUFA levels were not associated with all NHL risk; cis 20:2n-6 was associated with follicular lymphoma risk (OR [95% CI] per one standard deviation increase: 1.35 [1.03-1.77]), and the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio was associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma risk (2.33 [1.23-4.43]). Overall, PUFA did not demonstrate a role in NHL etiology; the two unexpected positive associations lack clear biologic explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres V. Ardisson Korat
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Shumin Zhang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mara M. Epstein
- Department of Medicine and The Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Bernard A. Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie Chiuve
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, North Chicago, IL
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Nutrición Translacional y Salud, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Shiraseb F, Hosseininasab D, Mirzababaei A, Bagheri R, Wong A, Suzuki K, Mirzaei K. Red, white, and processed meat consumption related to inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers among overweight and obese women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1015566. [PMID: 36438769 PMCID: PMC9684714 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1015566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering that a high meat intake is directly associated with obesity, it is critical to address the relationship between consuming different types of meat with inflammation and metabolism in overweight and obese cohorts. Thus, we evaluated the association between red, white, and processed meat consumption with inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in overweight and obese women. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 overweight and obese Iranian women. Dietary intake was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 147 items. The anthropometric measurements, serum lipid profile, and inflammatory markers were measured by standard protocols. All associations were assessed utilizing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and linear regression models. RESULTS In the adjusted model, it was established that higher intake of processed meat had a significant positive association with leptin levels (β: 0.900, 95% CI: 0.031;1.233, p = 0.015). Moreover, after considering the confounders, a significant positive association between processed meat and macrophage inflammatory protein (MCP-1) levels was observed (β: 0.304, 95% CI:0.100;1.596, p = 0.025). Positive significant associations between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β:0.020, 95% CI:0.000;0.050, P = 0.014) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) (β:0.263, 95% CI:0.112;0.345, p = 0.053) and MCP-1 (β:0.490, 95% CI: 0.175;1.464, p = 0.071) levels with red meat were also shown; while there was a significant negative association between red meat and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: -0.016, 95% CI: -0.022, -0.001, p = 0.033). Furthermore, a significant negative association were established following confounding adjustment between Galectin-3 (Gal-3) (β: -0.110, 95% CI: -0.271;0.000, p = 0.044), MCP-1 (β: -1.933, 95% CI: -3.721;0.192, p = 0.022) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: -0.011, 95% CI: -0.020,0.000, p = 0.070) levels with high adherence of white meat intake. In contrast, a significant marginally positive association between PAI-1 levels and high adherence to white meat intake (β: -0.340, 95% CI: -0.751;0.050, p = 0.070) has been shown. CONCLUSIONS Higher red and processed meat consumption were positively associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers in overweight and obese women. In contrast, negative relationships between high adherence to white meat and various inflammatory and metabolic parameters were established. Further studies are needed to confirm the causality of these associations and potential mediating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Alesi S, Villani A, Mantzioris E, Takele WW, Cowan S, Moran LJ, Mousa A. Anti-Inflammatory Diets in Fertility: An Evidence Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193914. [PMID: 36235567 PMCID: PMC9570802 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a global health concern affecting 48 million couples and 186 million individuals worldwide. Infertility creates a significant economic and social burden for couples who wish to conceive and has been associated with suboptimal lifestyle factors, including poor diet and physical inactivity. Modifying preconception nutrition to better adhere with Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) is a non-invasive and potentially effective means for improving fertility outcomes. While several dietary patterns have been associated with fertility outcomes, the mechanistic links between diet and infertility remain unclear. A key mechanism outlined in the literature relates to the adverse effects of inflammation on fertility, potentially contributing to irregular menstrual cyclicity, implantation failure, and other negative reproductive sequelae. Therefore, dietary interventions which act to reduce inflammation may improve fertility outcomes. This review consistently shows that adherence to anti-inflammatory diets such as the Mediterranean diet (specifically, increased intake of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, and reduced intake of red and processed meat) improves fertility, assisted reproductive technology (ART) success, and sperm quality in men. Therefore, integration of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns as low-risk adjunctive fertility treatments may improve fertility partially or fully and reduce the need for prolonged or intensive pharmacological or surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alesi
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- Clinical and Health Sciences & Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Wubet Worku Takele
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Stephanie Cowan
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +61-3-9594-7554
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Shinto LH, Raber J, Mishra A, Roese N, Silbert LC. A Review of Oxylipins in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD): Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Modulation of Vascular Tone and Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:826. [PMID: 36144230 PMCID: PMC9501361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a convincing body of evidence from observational studies that the majority of modifiable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk factors are vascular in nature. In addition, the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease with AD is more common than AD alone, and conditions resulting in brain ischemia likely promote detrimental effects of AD pathology. Oxylipins are a class of bioactive lipid mediators derived from the oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as modulators of both vascular tone and inflammation. In vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), there is emerging evidence that oxylipins may have both protective and detrimental effects on brain structure, cognitive performance, and disease progression. In this review, we focus on oxylipin relationships with vascular and inflammatory risk factors in human studies and animal models pertinent to ADRD. In addition, we discuss future research directions with the potential to impact the trajectory of ADRD risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H. Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie Roese
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Gholamalizadeh M, Afsharfar M, Fathi S, Tajadod S, Mohseni GK, Shekari S, Vahid F, Doaei S, Shafaei Kachaei H, Majidi N, Kalantari N. Relationship between breast cancer and dietary inflammatory index; a case–control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:353-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Khalili L, A-Elgadir TME, Mallick AK, El Enshasy HA, Sayyed RZ. Nuts as a Part of Dietary Strategy to Improve Metabolic Biomarkers: A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881843. [PMID: 35425791 PMCID: PMC9001892 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuts are in the spotlight because of their association with improved health outcomes. We aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies to evaluate the impact of nuts consumption on glycaemic and lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Methods Electronic searches for observational and intervention studies were undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct until 2022 for searching the studies aiming the application of different types of nuts and the beneficial effects of nuts in improving glycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results Results from 56 interventional, 9 narrative and 3 systematic reviews, and 12 meta-analysis studies, aiming at the evaluating beneficial effects of different types of nuts on metabolic markers, showed that nut consumption could improve metabolic markers, including glycaemic factors, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in both healthy and individuals with metabolic disorders in a type-, dose- and duration-dependent manner. According to their unique nutrient components, nuts can be known as a part of a healthy diet, resulting in improved metabolic biomarkers. Conclusion Considering the efficacy of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporation of, incorporating nuts the effectiveness of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporating nuts in the diet may prevent the incidence or aggravation of chronic metabolic diseases. Considering the health benefits of the nuts' components, including essential micronutrients, if consumed in the appropriate dose and duration to provide the necessary amount of effective micronutrients to improve health, we will see an improvement in metabolic factors. At the same time, more research is required to determine the optimal type, dose, and duration of nut intervention with regards to metabolic control and reducing the risk of developing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ayaz Khurram Mallick
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Insitute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, India
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Iizuka K. Commentary: Comprehensive lipidome profiling of the kidney in early-stage diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1015305. [PMID: 36176464 PMCID: PMC9513222 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Seifollahi A, Fazl MR, Setayesh L, Javanbakht MH, Daneshpazhooh M, Shab-Bidar S, Yaseri M. The Association Between Dietary Diversity Score and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients With Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Cross Sectional Study. Clin Nutr Res 2022; 11:289-301. [DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2022.11.4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Seifollahi
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Rezaei Fazl
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Nutrition School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
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Gustafsson HC, Dunn GA, Mitchell AJ, Holton KF, Loftis JM, Nigg JT, Sullivan EL. The association between heightened ADHD symptoms and cytokine and fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:855265. [PMID: 35935444 PMCID: PMC9353213 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.855265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research conducted with samples of children suggest that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have altered fatty acid concentrations and may have increased systemic inflammation. Whether these differences are also apparent in other populations of individuals with heightened ADHD symptoms (e.g., pregnant adults) is unknown. The goal of the current study was to examine whether there are ADHD-associated differences in polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations or pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations during pregnancy, a developmental period when fatty acid concentrations and systemic inflammation have implications for the health of both the pregnant person and the developing child. We hypothesized that plasma levels of the ratio of omega-6s to omega-3s (n-6:n-3) and plasma inflammatory cytokine levels would be higher in individuals with heightened ADHD symptoms, consistent with previous findings in children with ADHD. METHODS Data (N = 68) came from a prospective study of pregnant community volunteers who were oversampled for ADHD symptoms. During the 3rd trimester, plasma concentrations of fatty acids and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed. Dietary intake was examined in the 3rd trimester using three 24-h recalls conducted by trained dietitians and by examining plasma levels of conjugated linoleic acid (n-6) and α-linolenic acid (n-3), essential fatty acids that must come from dietary intake. RESULTS The group with heightened ADHD symptoms had higher n-6:n-3s (β = 0.30, p < 0.01) and higher TNF-α concentrations (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) relative to controls. There were no group differences in dietary variables, as assessed by self-report and via plasma concentrations of essential fatty acids. IL-6 was not reliably associated with ADHD status in this sample. CONCLUSION Pregnant individuals with ADHD, on average, had higher plasma n-6:n-3s and higher TNF-α concentrations relative to controls. A difference was not detected in their dietary intake of fatty acids or other relevant nutrients. Though these null findings are inconclusive, they are consistent with the hypothesis that ADHD-associated differences in plasma fatty acid concentrations are the result of ADHD-associated differences in fatty acid metabolism, rather than simply differences in dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna C Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Dunn
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - A J Mitchell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kathleen F Holton
- Departments of Health Studies and Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
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30
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Mattavelli E, Catapano AL, Baragetti A. Molecular Immune-Inflammatory Connections between Dietary Fats and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Which Translation into Clinics? Nutrients 2021; 13:3768. [PMID: 34836026 PMCID: PMC8625932 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend reducing the daily intake of dietary fats for the prevention of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Avoiding saturated fats while increasing the intake of mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids has been for long time the cornerstone of dietary approaches in cardiovascular prevention, mainly due to the metabolic effects of these molecules. However, recently, this approach has been critically revised. The experimental evidence, in fact, supports the concept that the pro- or anti-inflammatory potential of different dietary fats contributes to atherogenic or anti-atherogenic cellular and molecular processes beyond (or in addition to) their metabolic effects. All these aspects are hardly translatable into clinics when trying to find connections between the pro-/anti-inflammatory potential of dietary lipids and their effects on CVD outcomes. Interventional trials, although providing stronger potential for causal inference, are typically small sample-sized, and they have short follow-up, noncompliance, and high attrition rates. Besides, observational studies are confounded by a number of variables and the quantification of dietary intakes is far from optimal. A better understanding of the anatomic and physiological barriers for the absorption and the players involved in the metabolism of dietary lipids (e.g., gut microbiota) might be an alternative strategy in the attempt to provide a first step towards a personalized dietary approach in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mattavelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- S.I.S.A. Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Cinisello Balsamo, 20092 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20092 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20092 Milan, Italy
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31
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Jung SY, Sobel EM, Pellegrini M, Yu H, Papp JC. Synergistic Effects of Genetic Variants of Glucose Homeostasis and Lifelong Exposures to Cigarette Smoking, Female Hormones, and Dietary Fat Intake on Primary Colorectal Cancer Development in African and Hispanic/Latino American Women. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760243. [PMID: 34692549 PMCID: PMC8529283 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in cancer genomic science exist among racial/ethnic minorities. Particularly, African American (AA) and Hispanic/Latino American (HA) women, the 2 largest minorities, are underrepresented in genetic/genome-wide studies for cancers and their risk factors. We conducted on AA and HA postmenopausal women a genomic study for insulin resistance (IR), the main biologic mechanism underlying colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis owing to obesity. METHODS With 780 genome-wide IR-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 4,692 AA and 1,986 HA women, we constructed a CRC-risk prediction model. Along with these SNPs, we incorporated CRC-associated lifestyles in the model of each group and detected the topmost influential genetic and lifestyle factors. Further, we estimated the attributable risk of the topmost risk factors shared by the groups to explore potential factors that differentiate CRC risk between these groups. RESULTS In both groups, we detected IR-SNPs in PCSK1 (in AA) and IFT172, GCKR, and NRBP1 (in HA) and risk lifestyles, including long lifetime exposures to cigarette smoking and endogenous female hormones and daily intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA), as the topmost predictive variables for CRC risk. Combinations of those top genetic- and lifestyle-markers synergistically increased CRC risk. Of those risk factors, dietary PFA intake and long lifetime exposure to female hormones may play a key role in mediating racial disparity of CRC incidence between AA and HA women. CONCLUSIONS Our results may improve CRC risk prediction performance in those medically/scientifically underrepresented groups and lead to the development of genetically informed interventions for cancer prevention and therapeutic effort, thus contributing to reduced cancer disparities in those minority subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric M. Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Life Sciences Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jeanette C. Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Mozaffari H, Jalilpiran Y, Suitor K, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L. Associations between empirically derived dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among older adult men. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021. [PMID: 34558300 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, and epidemiological studies have suggested a link between diet and cardiometabolic risk. Currently, the prevalence of CVD is rapidly increasing with an aging population and continues to contribute to the growing economic and public health burden. However, there is limited evidence available regarding dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in males ≥60 years. Factor analysis identified a "healthy" diet and an "unhealthy" diet as the two primary dietary patterns. Multivariable logistic regression was used for estimating the associations of identified dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors including anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycemic biomarkers, lipid profile, and inflammatory biomarkers. A healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with decreased odds of high serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15-0.67; Ptrend=0.002), but increased odds of high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.02-3.24; Ptrend=0.04). In comparison, an unhealthy diet was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.31-4.15; Ptrend=0.004) and high LDL-C (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.10-2.61; Ptrend=0.02). Thus, in older adults, adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern has a significant impact on clinically relevant risk factors for cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Saghi E, Norouzy A, Nematy M, Jarahi L, Boostani R, Zemorshidi F, Vahidi Z, Rafatpanah H. Dietary Intake and Serum Selenium Levels Influence the Outcome of HTLV-1 Infection. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3242-3252. [PMID: 33169347 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), as the most common neurological emersion related to HTLV-1, is a debilitating and lifelong treating disease with no definitive treatment. Furthermore, it has been determined that dietary compositions (inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) and some micronutrients (such as vitamin D and selenium) have an effect on inflammatory and immune processes and with this background; the study was done to compare the nutritional status between age- and sex-matched with infected and non-infected HTLV-1. In a multi-center setting, 70 healthy controls (HCs), 35 asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and 35 HAM/TSP patients were recruited in the HTLV-1 Foundation, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Nutritional status including anthropometric indices, dietary (micro- and macronutrient) intake, and serum vitamin D, vitamin B12, zinc, and selenium were measured. In anthropometric indices, mean waist circumference (WC) in the carrier group was significantly higher than the patient and the control groups (p = 0.008). In the dietary intake, the patient group received less energy, protein, mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and oleic, but more fat than the HTLV-1 carrier and control groups, and these differences were remarkable in three groups (p = 0.002, 0.005, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively), whereas the carrier group received more saturated fatty acid and less poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic, and linolenic than patient and control groups with a different significant (p = 0.01, 0.007, 0.005, and 0.006, respectively) in three groups. In micronutrient intake, although selenium, zinc, and vitamins B12 and D were lower in the patient group than the carrier and control group, however, no significant differences were observed. In comparison with micronutrient serum concentrations, vitamins B12 and D and selenium in the patient group were lower than the carrier and control groups, but statistically, the considerable difference was found only in the selenium concentration (p = 0.001). The study showed that there were differences in dietary intake (including energy, macronutrients, and fatty acids), WC, and selenium serum levels between HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 carriers, suggesting that nutritional statues influence the inflammatory immune response in HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Saghi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Norouzy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Zemorshidi
- Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Vahidi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kristensen S, Nielsen SH, Schmidt EB, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, Christensen JH. Are fatty acids associated with disease activity and biomarkers in patients with psoriatic arthritis? Data from a multicenter clinical trial. Rheumatol Int 2021; 42:1009-1014. [PMID: 34327558 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) involves inflammation and bone and soft tissue turnover. Dietary fatty acids have previously been associated with pro-inflammatory effects induced by saturated fatty acids (SFA) and anti-inflammatory effects achieved by at least some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The aim of the study was to investigate the correlations between the content of fatty acids in granulocytes and clinical and biochemical markers of PsA. A total of 140 patients with PsA were included. Skin and joint disease activity were assessed. Fatty acid composition in granulocytes was determined by gas chromatography. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess bone and soft tissue turnover. The content of SFA, n-6 PUFA or n-3 PUFA in granulocytes was not associated with disease activity. Marine n-3 PUFA was significantly positively correlated with collagen degradation. In contrast, n-6 PUFA was significantly positively correlated with collagen formation and negatively correlated with collagen degradation. However, the correlations were all weak. No association was found between the content of fatty acids in granulocytes and disease activity in this population of patients with PsA. The correlation between fatty acids and biomarkers of bone and soft tissue turnover needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Kristensen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Signe Holm Nielsen
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erik Berg Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jeppe Hagstrup Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Ruscica M, Penson PE, Ferri N, Sirtori CR, Pirro M, Mancini GBJ, Sattar N, Toth PP, Sahebkar A, Lavie CJ, Wong ND, Banach M. Impact of nutraceuticals on markers of systemic inflammation: Potential relevance to cardiovascular diseases - A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 67:40-52. [PMID: 34186099 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a marker of arterial disease stemming from cholesterol-dependent to -independent molecular mechanisms. In recent years, the role of inflammation in atherogenesis has been underpinned by pharmacological approaches targeting systemic inflammation that have led to a significant reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although the use of nutraceuticals to prevent CVD has largely focused on lipid-lowering (e.g, red-yeast rice and omega-3 fatty acids), there is growing interest and need, especially now in the time of coronavirus pandemic, in the use of nutraceuticals to reduce inflammatory markers, and potentially the inflammatory CVD burden, however, there is still not enough evidence to confirm this. Indeed, diet is an important lifestyle determinant of health and can influence both systemic and vascular inflammation, to varying extents, according to the individual nutraceutical constituents. Thus, the aim of this Position Paper is to provide the first attempt at recommendations on the use of nutraceuticals with effective anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Internal Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G B John Mancini
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P Toth
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Medicine, John Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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Martyniak K, Wei F, Ballesteros A, Meckmongkol T, Calder A, Gilbertson T, Orlovskaya N, Coathup MJ. Do polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against bone loss in our aging and osteoporotic population? Bone 2021; 143:115736. [PMID: 33171312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is inevitable in both men and women and there will soon be more people of extreme old age than ever before. Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease and as the proportion of older people, rate of obesity and the length of life increases, a rise in age-related degenerating bone diseases, disability, and prolonged dependency is projected. Fragility fractures are one of the most severe complications associated with both primary and secondary osteoporosis and current treatment strategies target weight-bearing exercise and pharmacological intervention, both with limited long-term success. Obesity and osteoporosis are intimately interrelated, and diet is a variable that plays a significant role in bone regeneration and repair. The Western Diet is characterized by its unhealthy components, specifically excess amounts of saturated fat intake. This review examines the impact of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on chronic inflammation, osteogenesis, bone architecture, and strength and explores the hypothesis that dietary polyunsaturated fats have a beneficial effect on osteogenesis, reducing bone loss by decreasing chronic inflammation, and activating bone resorption through key cellular and molecular mechanisms in our aging population. We conclude that aging, obesity and a diet high in saturated fatty acids significantly impairs bone regeneration and repair and that consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with significantly increased bone regeneration, improved microarchitecture and structural strength. However, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were typically pro-inflammatory and have been associated with an increased fracture risk. This review suggests a potential role for ω-3 fatty acids as a non-pharmacological dietary method of reducing bone loss in our aging population. We also conclude that contemporary amendments to the formal nutritional recommendations made by the Food and Nutrition Board may be necessary such that our aging population is directly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Martyniak
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Amelia Ballesteros
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Teerin Meckmongkol
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of General Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ashley Calder
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Timothy Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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Martins Flores DR, Patrícia da Fonseca AF, Schmitt J, José Tonetto C, Rosado Junior AG, Hammerschmitt RK, Facco DB, Brunetto G, Nörnberg JL. Lambs fed with increasing levels of grape pomace silage: Effects on meat quality. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Quality of Dabai Pulp Oil Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Supplementation in Hypercholesterolemic Rat-A New Alternative Fat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020262. [PMID: 33513823 PMCID: PMC7912196 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dabai pulp oil (DPO) is new oil extracted from the pulp of Canarium odontophyllum. The quality and efficacy of DPO are needed to promote its potential as a new alternative fat. Therefore, we investigate the quality of DPO, which includes moisture and volatile content (MVC), free fatty acid content (FFA), iodine value (IV), and peroxide value (PV). Furthermore, we evaluate the efficacy of DPO against hypercholesterolemia elicited by a high-cholesterol diet in rats. The MVC of DPO was <0.001 ± 0.00%. Next, the FFA in DPO was 2.57 ± 0.03%, and the IV of DPO was 53.74 ± 0.08 g iodine/100 g oil. Meanwhile, the PV of DPO was 4.97 ± 0.00 mEq/kg. Supplementation of DPO in hypercholesterolemic rats for 30 days revealed the hypocholesterolemic effect (significant reduction of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) accompanied by a significant reduction of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and lipid peroxidation (MDA). We also observed a significant improvement of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and antioxidant capacities (total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) of the rats. The results on the quality and efficacy of locally made DPO suggest its potential use as a healthy alternative fat in the future.
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Uterine Fibroids and Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031066. [PMID: 33504114 PMCID: PMC7908561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Uterine myomas or fibroids are the most common benign female tumors of the reproductive organs, associated with significant morbidity and quality of life impairment. Several epidemiological risk factors for their occurrence have been identified so far, including nutrition and dietary habits. In this investigation, authors reviewed, as a narrative review, the data about diet and uterine myoma development in order to homogenize the current data. A PubMed search was conducted for the years 1990–2020, using a combination of keywords of interest for the selected topic. The authors searched the databases, selecting the randomized clinical studies, the observational studies, and the basic (experimental), clinical, and epidemiological researches. Once they collected the articles, they analyzed them according to the number of citations of each article, starting from the most cited to the least cited articles. Subsequently, authors collected the data of each article and inserted them in the various research paragraphs, summarizing the data collected. In this way, they crossed the available data regarding the association between nutrition habits and dietary components and myoma onset and growth. Many nutrients and dietary habits are associated with myoma development risk. These factors include low intakes of fruit, vegetables, and vitamin D, as well as pollutants in food. Despite the available data on the influence of some foods on the development of fibroids, further research is mandatory to understand all the nutrition risk factors which contribute to myoma growth and how exactly these risk factors influence myoma pathogenesis.
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The Effect of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Diet on Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Phenotype: Nutrition as Therapeutic Tool? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020157. [PMID: 33499118 PMCID: PMC7912156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress are contributing factors to many non-communicable diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that dietary nutrients can activate the immune system and may lead to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fatty acids as macronutrients are key players for immunomodulation, with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids having the most beneficial effect, while polyphenols and carotenoids seem to be the most promising antioxidants. Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease with multifactorial etiology. Obesity is a major risk factor for psoriasis, which leads to worse clinical outcomes. Weight loss interventions and, generally, dietary regimens such as gluten-free and Mediterranean diet or supplement use may potentially improve psoriasis’ natural course and response to therapy. However, data about more sophisticated nutritional patterns, such as ketogenic, very low-carb or specific macro- and micro-nutrient substitution, are scarce. This review aims to present the effect of strictly structured dietary nutrients, that are known to affect glucose/lipid metabolism and insulin responses, on chronic inflammation and immunity, and to discuss the utility of nutritional regimens as possible therapeutic tools for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
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Sikand G, Severson T. Top 10 dietary strategies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. Am J Prev Cardiol 2020; 4:100106. [PMID: 34327475 PMCID: PMC8315554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor dietary quality has surpassed all other mortality risk factors, accounting for 11 million deaths and half of CVD deaths globally. Implementation of current nutrition recommendations from the American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the National Lipid Association (NLA) can markedly benefit the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These include: 1) incorporate nutrition screening into medical visits; 2) refer patients to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) for medical nutrition therapy, when appropriate, for prevention of ASCVD; 3) follow ACC/AHA Nutrition and Diet Recommendations for ASCVD prevention and management of overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension; 4) include NLA nutrition goals for optimizing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and reducing ASCVD risk; 5) utilize evidence-based heart-healthy eating patterns for improving cardiometabolic risk factors, dyslipidemia and ASCVD risk; 6) implement ACC/AHA/NLA nutrition and lifestyle recommendations for optimizing triglyceride levels; 7) understand the impact of saturated fats, trans fats, omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fats and monounsaturated fats on ASCVD risk; 8) limit excessive intake of dietary cholesterol for those with dyslipidemia, diabetes and at risk for heart failure; 9) include dietary adjuncts such as viscous fiber, plant sterols/stanols and probiotics; and 10) implement AHA/ACC and NLA physical activity recommendations for the optimization of lipids and prevention of ASCVD. Evidence on controversies pertaining to saturated fat, processed meat, red meat, intermittent fasting, low-carbohydrate/very-low-carbohydrate diets and caffeine are discussed.
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Yang W, Sui J, Ma Y, Simon TG, Petrick JL, Lai M, McGlynn KA, Campbell PT, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Zhang X. High Dietary Intake of Vegetable or Polyunsaturated Fats Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:2775-2783.e11. [PMID: 31927110 PMCID: PMC7343586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated associations of intake of total fats, specific dietary fats, and fats from different food sources with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). METHODS We analyzed data from a total of 138,483 women and men who participated in the NHS or HPFS. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was sent to NHS participants in 1980, 1984, 1986, and every 4 years thereafter; dietary information was collected from participants in the HPFS in 1986 and every 4 years thereafter. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS After an average follow-up time of 26.6 years, 160 incident HCC cases were documented. Although there was a non-significant association between total fat intake and HCC, intake of vegetable fats reduced risk of HCC (HR for the highest vs lowest quartile, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.96; Ptrend = .02), but not animal or dairy fats. Replacing animal or dairy fats with an equivalent amount of vegetable fats was associated with a lower risk of HCC (HR per 1 standard deviation, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97). Among fat subtypes, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including n-3 (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.96; Ptrend = .14) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34-0.86; Ptrend = .02), were inversely associated with risk of HCC. Higher ratios of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat were inversely associated with HCC risk (all Ptrend ≤ .02). In addition, when replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, the HR per 1 standard deviation was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64-0.92). CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data from 2 large cohort studies, we found higher intake of vegetable fats and polyunsaturated fats to be associated with lower risk of HCC. Replacing animal or dairy fats with vegetable fats, or replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, was associated with reduced risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshui Yang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Sui
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tracey G Simon
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Najafi M, Mozaffari H, Yahya Jalilpiran, Mokhtari P, Teymouri M, Faghih S. The associations between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among adults: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:300-308. [PMID: 33183554 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of death, worldwide. Although for decades the associations between individual foods and nutrients and CVDs have been investigated, little attention has been paid to dietary patterns. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the association between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors among Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 236 adults who attended public health centers. Dietary intakes were collected using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and biochemical biomarkers were measured using standardized methods. Dietary patterns derived using the factor analysis. Logistic regression assessed the odds of CVD risk factors across tertiles of data-driven dietary patterns. RESULTS We identified three dietary patterns. After adjusting for possible confounders, we observed that participants in the third category of the healthy dietary pattern (HDP) had lower odds of low HDL-C (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10-0.64) compared to those in the first category. Adherence to the mixed pattern was associated with increased odds of high serum TC in men only (OR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.06-12.81). However, women with higher adherence to the Western dietary pattern (WDP) had higher odds of high serum TG (OR = 5.61; 95% CI: 1.69-18.59), and those with a greater adherence to HDP had lower odds of low HDL-C (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07-0.98). CONCLUSION This study showed that adherence to HDP may protect against a low level of HDL-C, whereas mixed and Western-type diets may contribute to high serum TG levels. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the potential causality of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Najafi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Maryam Teymouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Abshirini M, Mahaki B, Bagheri F, Siassi F, Koohdani F, Qorbani M, Yavari P, Sotoudeh G. Dietary Fat Quality and Pre-diabetes: A Case-control Study. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:160. [PMID: 33312469 PMCID: PMC7716603 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_243_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between dietary fat quality (DFQ) indices and pre-diabetes has not been well studied. This study aimed to determine the association of DFQ indices and fatty acid intake with pre-diabetes. Methods: This case-control study included 150 subjects with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 147 pre-diabetic subjects. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. DFQ indices including atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI), the ratios of hypo- and hypercholesterolemic (h:H), polyunsaturated:saturated (P:S) and n-3:n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were calculated. FBG test and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. Results: After adjustment for some confounding variables, a positive association was found between intake of total saturated fatty acids (SFA), myristic acid, palmitic acid, and pre-diabetes, and a negative association was observed among n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids intake and pre-diabetes. AI was found to be positively associated with pre-diabetes (OR 6.68, 95% CI 2.57-17.34). An inverse relationship was observed between n-3:n-6 (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.14-0.93) and h:H (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.52) ratios with pre-diabetes. Conclusions: Higher intake of dietary n-3 fatty acids was adversely, whereas SFA intake was positively related to pre-diabetes morbidity. DFQ indices may be a useful measure to investigate fat intakes and blood glucose disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abshirini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fariba Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Yavari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Calcaterra V, Regalbuto C, Porri D, Pelizzo G, Mazzon E, Vinci F, Zuccotti G, Fabiano V, Cena H. Inflammation in Obesity-Related Complications in Children: The Protective Effect of Diet and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1324. [PMID: 32947869 PMCID: PMC7564478 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem in both children and adults, impairing physical and mental state and impacting health care system costs in both developed and developing countries. It is well-known that individuals with excessive weight gain frequently develop obesity-related complications, which are mainly known as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and many other risk factors proven to be associated with chronic inflammation, causing disability and reduced life expectancy. This review aims to present and discuss complications related to inflammation in pediatric obesity, the critical role of nutrition and diet in obesity-comorbidity prevention and treatment, and the impact of lifestyle. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of pediatric overweight and obesity is recommended for overall healthy growth and prevention of comorbidities in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric Unit, Fond. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Debora Porri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatric Unit, Fond. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.P.); (H.C.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Di Sotto A, Vitalone A, Di Giacomo S. Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E468. [PMID: 32842641 PMCID: PMC7563161 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or suppressing the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. Moreover, immunoadjuvants can support immune system acting on nonimmune targets, thus improving the immune response. The modulation of inflammatory pathways and microbiome can also contribute to control the immune function. Some plant-based nutraceuticals have been studied as possible immunomodulating agents due to their multiple and pleiotropic effects. Being usually more tolerable than pharmacological treatments, their adjuvant contribution is approached as a desirable nutraceutical strategy. In the present review, the up to date knowledge about the immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes have been analyzed, in order to give scientific basic and clinical evidence to support their practical use. Since promising evidence in preclinical studies, limited and sometimes confusing results have been highlighted in clinical trials, likely due to low methodological quality and lacking standardization. More investigations of high quality and specificity are required to describe in depth the usefulness of these plant-derived nutraceuticals in the immune system modulation, for health promoting and disease preventing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Wise LA, Willis SK, Mikkelsen EM, Wesselink AK, Sørensen HT, Rothman KJ, Tucker KL, Trolle E, Vinceti M, Hatch EE. The Association between Seafood Intake and Fecundability: Analysis from Two Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082276. [PMID: 32751290 PMCID: PMC7469023 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Seafood is an important source of omega-3 fatty acids, which have been associated with improved oocyte quality and embryo morphology in some studies. However, seafood is also a source of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, which may adversely affect fecundity. Previous studies of seafood intake and fecundity have generated inconsistent results. Methods: In two prospective cohort studies of 7836 female pregnancy planners from Denmark (Snart Foraeldre, n = 2709) and North America (PRESTO, n = 5127), we evaluated the association of dietary intake of total seafood and marine-sourced long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid) with fecundability. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire on sociodemographics, behavioral factors, anthropometrics, and medical history, and a food frequency questionnaire. Pregnancy status was updated bimonthly for up to 12 months or until reported conception. We estimated fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using proportional probabilities regression models, adjusted for energy intake and other potential confounders. We restricted analyses to women with ≤6 menstrual cycles of attempt time at enrollment. Results: Intake of total seafood or marine-sourced long-chain omega-3 fatty acids was not appreciably associated with fecundability in either cohort (≥200 vs. <50 g/week total seafood: FR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79–1.10 in Snart Foraeldre; FR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.90–1.13 in PRESTO; marine fatty acids: ≥90th vs. <25th percentile: FR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.85–1.18 in Snart Foraeldre; FR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.86–1.09 in PRESTO). In PRESTO, where we collected additional data on seafood preparation, we observed an inverse association between fecundability and fried shellfish (≥10 g/week vs. none: FR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.98), but not unfried shellfish (≥20 g/week vs. none: FR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.07); in Snart Foraeldre, there was no association with total shellfish intake. Conclusions: We found little association between seafood intake and fecundability overall, but greater intake of fried shellfish was associated with reduced fecundability among North American participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.K.W.); (A.K.W.); (H.T.S.); (K.J.R.); (M.V.); (E.E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +617-358-3424
| | - Sydney K. Willis
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.K.W.); (A.K.W.); (H.T.S.); (K.J.R.); (M.V.); (E.E.H.)
| | - Ellen M. Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nordre Ringgade 1, Aarhus C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Amelia K. Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.K.W.); (A.K.W.); (H.T.S.); (K.J.R.); (M.V.); (E.E.H.)
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.K.W.); (A.K.W.); (H.T.S.); (K.J.R.); (M.V.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nordre Ringgade 1, Aarhus C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Kenneth J. Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.K.W.); (A.K.W.); (H.T.S.); (K.J.R.); (M.V.); (E.E.H.)
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Pawtucket St, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Ellen Trolle
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.K.W.); (A.K.W.); (H.T.S.); (K.J.R.); (M.V.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elizabeth E. Hatch
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.K.W.); (A.K.W.); (H.T.S.); (K.J.R.); (M.V.); (E.E.H.)
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48
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Fujii R, Yamada H, Munetsuna E, Yamazaki M, Mizuno G, Ando Y, Maeda K, Tsuboi Y, Ohashi K, Ishikawa H, Hagiwara C, Wakai K, Hashimoto S, Hamajima N, Suzuki K. Dietary fish and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with leukocyte ABCA1 DNA methylation levels. Nutrition 2020; 81:110951. [PMID: 33045487 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A diet rich in fish and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been thought to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The beneficial effects of fish oil and ω-3 PUFA on CVD can be mediated by epigenetic status of the genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary fish and fatty acid (FA) intakes are associated with leukocyte ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) DNA methylation levels in a Japanese population. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 298 adults (137 men and 161 women) without clinical history of CVD or cancer. The pyrosequencing method was used to measure leukocyte ABCA1 DNA methylation levels. Dietary fish and FA intakes were assessed based on the validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Mean ABCA1 DNA methylation levels were significantly lower in the highest fish intake groups (≥5-6/wk) compared with the lowest intake group (≤1-2/wk; P = 0.004). In multivariable linear regression analyses, higher dietary intake of ω-3 PUFAs and ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids was significantly associated with decreased levels of ABCA1 DNA methylation (P = 0.001 and 0.005); whereas no significant associations were seen between intake of dietary saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and ω-6 PUFAs and ABCA1 DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Higher dietary fish and ω-3 PUFA intake were associated with lower ABCA1 DNA levels in a Japanese population. The present results may bring potential insights on biological mechanisms underlying the protective effects of dietary fish and ω-3 PUFA intakes on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuboi
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Chiharu Hagiwara
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Health Care Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.
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49
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Harris HR, Eliassen AH, Doody DR, Terry KL, Missmer SA. Dietary fat intake, erythrocyte fatty acids, and risk of uterine fibroids. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:837-847. [PMID: 32680614 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the association between dietary fat intake and risk of uterine fibroids; and to evaluate the association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (FA) levels and fibroid risk. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI). In a subset of participants 34 individual FAs were measured and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI for the association between FA tertiles and fibroids. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Premenopausal US women (81,590) in the Nurses' Health Study II, aged 25-42 years at enrollment in 1989 for whom diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. A total of 553 participants with erythrocyte FA measurements. INTERVENTION(S) Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cases of fibroids were defined on the basis of self-reported ultrasound or hysterectomy confirmation. RESULT(S) A total of 8,142 cases of ultrasound-confirmed or hysterectomy-confirmed were diagnosed during an 18-year period (1991-2009). No associations were observed between intake of any dietary fats and fibroids in the multivariable models. However, when erythrocyte FAs were examined, an inverse association was observed between total n-3 polyunsaturated FAs and likelihood of fibroids (OR for third versus first tertile, 0.41; 95% CI 0.19-0.89). In addition, total trans FAs were associated with more odds of fibroids (OR for third tertile, 3.33; 95% CI 1.50-7.38). CONCLUSION(S) Our findings provide preliminary suggestions that n-3 polyunsaturated FAs and trans FAs may play a role in fibroid etiology; however, these results should be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David R Doody
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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50
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Nomura SO, Karger AB, Weir NL, Duprez DA, Tsai MY. Free fatty acids, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:531-541. [PMID: 32651087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting free fatty acid (FFA) levels may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, but research among generally healthy adults, females, and racially/ethnically diverse populations is lacking. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this project was to investigate prospective associations between fasting FFAs and coronary heart disease (CHD) and CVD incidence and CVD-specific and all-cause mortality in a generally healthy age, sex, and racially/ethnically heterogeneous population. METHODS This study was conducted in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort using baseline (2000-2002) fasting FFAs and outcome data through 2015 (N = 6678). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for associations between FFAs and CHD, CVD, CVD-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. Interactions by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated by stratification and cross-product terms. A secondary analysis was conducted to evaluate associations between FFAs, and inflammatory and endothelial activation biomarkers were evaluated using linear regression (analytic N range: 964-6662). RESULTS FFA levels were not associated with CHD or CVD incidence. Higher FFAs were associated with CVD-specific and all-cause mortality, but associations were attenuated in fully adjusted models with a borderline significant association remaining only for all-cause mortality (fully adjusted, per standard deviation increase hazard ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.14). Associations did not differ by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Fasting FFAs were not associated with CHD, CVD, or CVD-specific mortality and were modestly associated with all-cause mortality, regardless of age, sex, race/ethnicity, or metabolic syndrome status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O Nomura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy B Karger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Natalie L Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel A Duprez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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