1
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Elkoshi Z. The Eradication of Carcinogenic Viruses in Established Solid Cancers. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6227-6239. [PMID: 38145011 PMCID: PMC10749098 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s430315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic viruses (oncoviruses) can initiate cancer, but their impact on established cancer varies. Some of these viruses prolong survival while others shorten it. This study classifies oncoviruses into two categories: viruses which induce a strong CD8+T cell reaction in non-cancerous tissues, and viruses which induce a weak CD8+ T cell reaction in non-cancerous tissues. The classification proves useful in predicting the effect of oncoviruses on the prognosis of solid cancers. Therefore, while eliminating carcinogenic viruses in healthy individuals (for example by immunization) may be important for cancer prevention, this study suggests that only viruses which induce a weak CD8+ T cell reaction should be eradicated in established solid tumors. The model correctly predicts the effect of oncoviruses on survival for six out of seven known oncoviruses, indicating that immune modulation by oncoviruses has a prominent effect on prognosis. It seems that CD8+ T cell response to oncoviruses observed in infected benign tissues is retained in infected tumors. Clinical significance: the effect of oncoviruses on solid cancer prognosis can be predicted with confidence based on immunological responses when clinical data are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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2
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Xu H, Zhou R, Chen Z. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell: Ontogenetic Cellular Mechanism and Clinical Translation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:249-259. [PMID: 37586053 PMCID: PMC10719502 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has indicated the essential role of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells for frontline protection against viral infection and for cancer immune surveillance (Mueller SN, Mackay LK. Tissue-resident memory T cells: local specialists in immune defense. Nat Rev Immunol 2016, 16, 79-89. doi:10.1038/nri.2015.3.). TRM cells are transcriptionally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct from circulating memory T (Tcirm) cells. It is necessary to understand the unique ontogenetic mechanism, migratory regulation, and biological function of TRM cells. In this review, we discuss recent insights into cellular mechanisms and discrete responsiveness in different tissue microenvironments underlying TRM cell development. We also emphasize the translational potential of TRM cells by focusing on their establishment in association with improved protection in mucosal tissues against various types of diseases and effective strategies for eliciting TRM cells in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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3
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Longet S, Paul S. Pivotal role of tissue-resident memory lymphocytes in the control of mucosal infections: can mucosal vaccination induce protective tissue-resident memory T and B cells? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216402. [PMID: 37753095 PMCID: PMC10518612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Longet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Groupe sur l'immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Inserm, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stephane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Groupe sur l'immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Inserm, Saint-Etienne, France
- Centre d'investigation clinique (CIC) 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, iBiothera Reference Center, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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4
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Derksen LY, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM. Memories that last: Dynamics of memory T cells throughout the body. Immunol Rev 2023. [PMID: 37114435 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells form an essential part of immunological memory, which can last for years or even a lifetime. Much experimental work has shown that the individual cells that make up the memory T-cell pool are in fact relatively short-lived. Memory T cells isolated from the blood of humans, or the lymph nodes and spleen of mice, live about 5-10 fold shorter than naive T cells, and much shorter than the immunological memory they convey. The commonly accepted view is, therefore, that long-term T-cell memory is maintained dynamically rather than by long-lived cells. This view is largely based on memory T cells in the circulation, identified using rather broad phenotypic markers, and on research in mice living in overly clean conditions. We wondered to what extent there may be heterogeneity in the dynamics and lifespans of memory T cells. We here review what is currently known about the dynamics of memory T cells in different memory subsets, locations in the body and conditions of microbial exposure, and discuss how this may be related to immunometabolism and how this knowledge can be used in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne Y Derksen
- Leukocyte Dynamics Group, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Leukocyte Dynamics Group, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José A M Borghans
- Leukocyte Dynamics Group, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Complexing CpG adjuvants with cationic liposomes enhances vaccine-induced formation of liver T RM cells. Vaccine 2023; 41:1094-1107. [PMID: 36609029 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM cells) can provide effective tissue surveillance and can respond rapidly to infection. Vaccination strategies aimed at generating TRM cells have shown promise against a range of pathogens. We have previously shown that the choice of adjuvant critically influences CD8+ TRM cell formation in the liver. However, the range of adjuvants tested was limited. Here, we assessed the ability of a broad range of adjuvants stimulating membrane (TLR4), endosomal (TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9) and cytosolic (cGAS, RIG-I) pathogen recognition receptors for their capacity to induce CD8+ TRM formation in a subunit vaccination model. We show that CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) remain the most efficient inducers of liver TRM cells among all adjuvants tested. Moreover, their combination with the cationic liposome DOTAP further enhances the potency, particularly of the class B ODN CpG 1668 and the human TLR9 ligand CpG 2006 (CpG 7909). This study informs the design of efficient liver TRM-based vaccines for their potential translation.
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6
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Stuqui B, Provazzi PJS, Lima MLD, Cabral ÁS, Leonel ECR, Candido NM, Taboga SR, da Silva MG, Lima FDO, Melli PPDS, Quintana SM, Calmon MDF, Rahal P. Condyloma acuminata: An evaluation of the immune response at cellular and molecular levels. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284296. [PMID: 37053156 PMCID: PMC10101375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a benign proliferative disease mainly affecting in non-keratinized epithelia. Most cases of CA are caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly HPV 6 and 11. The aim of the current study was to highlight the candidate genes and pathways associated with immune alterations in individuals who did not spontaneously eliminate the virus and, thus, develop genital warts. Paraffin-embedded condyloma samples (n = 56) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD1a, FOXP3, CD3, CD4, CD8, and IFN-γ. The immunomarkers were chosen based on the evaluation of the innate and adaptive immune pathways using qPCR analysis of 92 immune-related genes, applying a TaqMan Array Immune Response assay in HPV 6 or HPV 11 positive samples (n = 27). Gene expression analysis revealed 31 differentially expressed genes in CA lesions. Gene expression validation revealed upregulation of GZMB, IFNG, IL12B, and IL8 and downregulation of NFATC4 and IL7 in CA samples. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased FOXP3, IFN-γ, CD1a, and CD4 expression in CA than in the control tissue samples. In contrast, CD3 and CD8 expression was decreased in CA lesion samples. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HPV-positive patients compared with HPV-negative patients seem to reflect the elevated immunogenicity of HPV-positive CA lesions. Host defense against HPV begins during the early stages of the innate immune response and is followed by activation of T lymphocytes, which are mainly represented by CD4+ and regulatory T cells. The low CD8+ T cell count in CA may contribute to this recurrent behavior. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of host defense against HPV infection in CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Stuqui
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ágata Silva Cabral
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Maria Candido
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Maria Quintana
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirāo Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Pseudotyped Virus for Papillomavirus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:85-103. [PMID: 36920693 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Papillomavirus is difficult to culture in vitro, which limits its related research. The development of pseudotyped virus technology provides a valuable research tool for virus infectivity research, vaccine evaluation, infection inhibitor evaluation, and so on. Depending on the application fields, different measures have been developed to generate various kinds of pseudotyped papillomavirus. L1-based and L2-based HPV vaccines should be evaluated using different pseudotyped virus system. Pseudotyped papillomavirus animal models need high-titer pseudotyped virus and unique handling procedure to generate robust results. This paper reviewed the development, optimization, standardization, and application of various pseudotyped papillomavirus methods.
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8
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PLGA particle vaccination elicits resident memory CD8 T cells protecting from tumors and infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Zheng MZM, Wakim LM. Tissue resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:379-388. [PMID: 34671115 PMCID: PMC8526531 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their capacity to rapidly spread across the population, airborne pathogens represent a significant risk to global health. Indeed, several of the past major global pandemics have been instigated by respiratory pathogens. A greater understanding of the immune cells tasked with protecting the airways from infection will allow for the development of strategies that curb the spread and impact of these airborne diseases. A specific subset of memory T-cell resident in both the upper and lower respiratory tract, termed tissue-resident memory (Trm), have been shown to play an instrumental role in local immune responses against a wide breadth of both viral and bacterial infections. In this review, we discuss factors that influence respiratory tract Trm development, longevity, and immune surveillance and explore vaccination regimes that harness these cells, such approaches represent exciting new strategies that may be utilized to tackle the next global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z. M. Zheng
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
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10
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Lange J, Rivera-Ballesteros O, Buggert M. Human mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells in health and disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:389-397. [PMID: 34743182 PMCID: PMC8571012 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells are fundamental to maintain immune surveillance of the human body. During the past decade, it has become apparent that non-recirculating resident memory T cells (TRMs) form a first line memory response in tissues to tackle re-infections. The fact that TRMs are essential for local immunity highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting this population against tumors and infections. However, similar to other immune subsets, TRMs are heterogenous and may form distinct effector populations with unique functions at diverse tissue sites. Further insight into the mechanisms of how TRM function and respond to pathogens and malignancies at different mucosal sites will help to shape future vaccine and immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we review the current understanding of TRM function and biology at four major mucosal sites: gastrointestinal tract, lung, head and neck, as well as female reproductive tract. We also summarize our current knowledge of how TRM targets invading pathogens and developing tumor cells at these mucosal sites and contemplate how TRMs may be exploited to protect from infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lange
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Rivera-Ballesteros
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Brendle S, Cladel N, Balogh K, Alam S, Christensen N, Meyers C, Hu J. A Comparative Study on Delivery of Externally Attached DNA by Papillomavirus VLPs and Pseudoviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121501. [PMID: 34960247 PMCID: PMC8709278 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 capsids have been chosen as a DNA delivery vehicle in many studies. Our preliminary studies suggest that HPV58 capsids could be better vehicles than HPV16 capsids to deliver encapsidated DNA in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, we compared HPV16, HPV58, and the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) capsids either as L1/L2 VLPs or pseudoviruses (PSVs) to deliver externally attached GFP-expressing DNA. Both rabbit and human cells were used to test whether there was a species-specific effect. DNA delivery efficiency was determined by quantifying either GFP-expressing cell populations or mean fluorescent intensities (MFI) by flow cytometry. Interestingly, CRPV and 58-VLPs and PSVs were significantly more efficient at delivering attached DNA when compared to 16-VLPs and PSVs. A capsid/DNA ratio of 2:1 showed the highest efficiency for delivering external DNA. The PSVs with papillomavirus DNA genomes also showed higher efficiency than those with irrelevant plasmid DNA. HPV16L1/58L2 hybrid VLPs displayed increased efficiency compared to HPV58L1/16L2 VLPs, suggesting that L2 may play a critical role in the delivery of attached DNA. Additionally, we demonstrated that VLPs increased in vivo infectivity of CRPV DNA in rabbits. We conclude that choosing CRPV or 58 capsids to deliver external DNA could improve DNA uptake in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brendle
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (N.C.); (K.B.); (N.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nancy Cladel
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (N.C.); (K.B.); (N.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Karla Balogh
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (N.C.); (K.B.); (N.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Samina Alam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Neil Christensen
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (N.C.); (K.B.); (N.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Jiafen Hu
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (N.C.); (K.B.); (N.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Vaginal delivery of vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113956. [PMID: 34481031 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent estimates suggest that one in two sexually active individuals will acquire a sexually transmitted infection by age 25, an alarming statistic that amounts to over 1 million new infections per day worldwide. Vaccination against STIs is highly desirable for alleviating this global burden of disease. Vaginal immunization is a promising strategy to combat transmission via the vaginal mucosa. The vagina is typically considered a poor inductive site for common correlates of adaptive immunity. However, emerging evidence suggests that immune tolerance may be overcome by precisely engineered vaccination schemes that orchestrate cell-mediated immunity and establish tissue resident memory immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the unique immunological milieu of the vaginal mucosa and our current understanding of correlates of pathogenesis and protection for several common STIs. We then present a summary of recent vaginal vaccine studies and explore the role that mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems play in enhancing protection according to requisite features of immunity. Finally, we offer perspectives on the challenges and future directions of vaginal vaccine delivery, discussing remaining physiological barriers and innovative vaccine formulations that may overcome them.
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13
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Ritzau-Jost J, Hutloff A. T Cell/B Cell Interactions in the Establishment of Protective Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101074. [PMID: 34696182 PMCID: PMC8536969 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are the T cell subset providing help to B cells for the generation of high-affinity antibodies and are therefore of key interest for the development of vaccination strategies against infectious diseases. In this review, we will discuss how the generation of Tfh cells and their interaction with B cells in secondary lymphoid organs can be optimized for therapeutic purposes. We will summarize different T cell subsets including Tfh-like peripheral helper T cells (Tph) capable of providing B cell help. In particular, we will highlight the novel concept of T cell/B cell interaction in non-lymphoid tissues as an important element for the generation of protective antibodies directly at the site of pathogen invasion.
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14
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Rodriguez‐Garcia M, Patel MV, Shen Z, Wira CR. The impact of aging on innate and adaptive immunity in the human female genital tract. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13361. [PMID: 33951269 PMCID: PMC8135005 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissues in the human female reproductive tract (FRT) are primary sites for both gynecological cancers and infections by a spectrum of sexually transmitted pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that compromise women's health. While the regulation of innate and adaptive immune protection in the FRT by hormonal cyclic changes across the menstrual cycle and pregnancy are being intensely studied, little to nothing is known about the alterations in mucosal immune protection that occur throughout the FRT as women age following menopause. The immune system in the FRT has two key functions: defense against pathogens and reproduction. After menopause, natural reproductive function ends, and therefore, two overlapping processes contribute to alterations in immune protection in aging women: menopause and immunosenescence. The goal of this review is to summarize the multiple immune changes that occur in the FRT with aging, including the impact on the function of epithelial cells, immune cells, and stromal fibroblasts. These studies indicate that major aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in the FRT are compromised in a site‐specific manner in the FRT as women age. Further, at some FRT sites, immunological compensation occurs. Overall, alterations in mucosal immune protection contribute to the increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI), urogenital infections, and gynecological cancers. Further studies are essential to provide a foundation for the development of novel therapeutic interventions to restore immune protection and reverse conditions that threaten women's lives as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickey V. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH USA
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH USA
| | - Charles R. Wira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH USA
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15
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Knight FC, Wilson JT. Engineering Vaccines for Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000230. [PMID: 33997268 PMCID: PMC8114897 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) have attracted significant attention in the field of vaccine development. Distinct from central and effector memory T cells, TRM cells take up residence in home tissues such as the lung or urogenital tract and are ideally positioned to respond quickly to pathogen encounter. TRM have been found to play a role in the immune response against many globally important infectious diseases for which new or improved vaccines are needed, including influenza and tuberculosis. It is also increasingly clear that TRM play a pivotal role in cancer immunity. Thus, vaccines that can generate this memory T cell population are highly desirable. The field of immunoengineering-that is, the application of engineering principles to study the immune system and design new and improved therapies that harness or modulate immune responses-is ideally poised to provide solutions to this need for next-generation TRM vaccines. This review covers recent developments in vaccine technologies for generating TRM and protecting against infection and cancer, including viral vectors, virus-like particles, and synthetic and natural biomaterials. In addition, it offers critical insights on the future of engineering vaccines for tissue-resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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16
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Rakhra K, Abraham W, Wang C, Moynihan KD, Li N, Donahue N, Baldeon AD, Irvine DJ. Exploiting albumin as a mucosal vaccine chaperone for robust generation of lung-resident memory T cells. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabd8003. [PMID: 33741657 PMCID: PMC8279396 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) can profoundly enhance mucosal immunity, but parameters governing TRM induction by vaccination remain poorly understood. Here, we describe an approach exploiting natural albumin transport across the airway epithelium to enhance mucosal TRM generation by vaccination. Pulmonary immunization with albumin-binding amphiphile conjugates of peptide antigens and CpG adjuvant (amph-vaccines) increased vaccine accumulation in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs). Amph-vaccines prolonged antigen presentation in MLNs over 2 weeks, leading to 25-fold increased lung-resident T cell responses over traditional immunization and enhanced protection from viral or tumor challenge. Mimicking such prolonged exposure through repeated administration of soluble vaccine revealed that persistence of both antigen and adjuvant was critical for optimal TRM induction, mediated through T cell priming in MLNs after prime, and directly in the lung tissue after boost. Thus, vaccine persistence strongly promotes TRM induction, and amph-conjugates may provide a practical approach to achieve such kinetics in mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Rakhra
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chensu Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kelly D Moynihan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nathan Donahue
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexis D Baldeon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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17
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Karaki S, Blanc C, Tran T, Galy-Fauroux I, Mougel A, Dransart E, Anson M, Tanchot C, Paolini L, Gruel N, Gibault L, Lepimpec-Barhes F, Fabre E, Benhamouda N, Badoual C, Damotte D, Donnadieu E, Kobold S, Mami-Chouaib F, Golub R, Johannes L, Tartour E. CXCR6 deficiency impairs cancer vaccine efficacy and CD8 + resident memory T-cell recruitment in head and neck and lung tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001948. [PMID: 33692218 PMCID: PMC7949477 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resident memory T lymphocytes (TRM) are located in tissues and play an important role in immunosurveillance against tumors. The presence of TRM prior to treatment or their induction is associated to the response to anti-Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy and the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Previous work by our group and others has shown that the intranasal route of vaccination allows more efficient induction of these cells in head and neck and lung mucosa, resulting in better tumor protection. The mechanisms of in vivo migration of these cells remains largely unknown, apart from the fact that they express the chemokine receptor CXCR6. METHODS We used CXCR6-deficient mice and an intranasal tumor vaccination model targeting the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein expressed by the TC-1 lung cancer epithelial cell line. The role of CXCR6 and its ligand, CXCL16, was analyzed using multiparametric cytometric techniques and Luminex assays.Human biopsies obtained from patients with lung cancer were also included in this study. RESULTS We showed that CXCR6 was preferentially expressed by CD8+ TRM after vaccination in mice and also on intratumoral CD8+ TRM derived from human lung cancer. We also demonstrate that vaccination of Cxcr6-deficient mice induces a defect in the lung recruitment of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, preferentially in the TRM subsets. In addition, we found that intranasal vaccination with a cancer vaccine is less effective in these Cxcr6-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, and this loss of efficacy is associated with decreased recruitment of local antitumor CD8+ TRM. Interestingly, intranasal, but not intramuscular vaccination induced higher and more sustained concentrations of CXCL16, compared with other chemokines, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary parenchyma. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the in vivo role of CXCR6-CXCL16 axis in the migration of CD8+ resident memory T cells in lung mucosa after vaccination, resulting in the control of tumor growth. This work reinforces and explains why the intranasal route of vaccination is the most appropriate strategy for inducing these cells in the head and neck and pulmonary mucosa, which remains a major objective to overcome resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1, especially in cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Karaki
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Blanc
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Thi Tran
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Galy-Fauroux
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Alice Mougel
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie Anson
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Tanchot
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Lea Paolini
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Nadege Gruel
- INSERM U830, Equipe labellisée LNCC, Siredo Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laure Gibault
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Francoise Lepimpec-Barhes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, INSERM UMRS 1138, APHP, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Fabre
- Lung Oncology Unit, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Cecile Badoual
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Departement Immunologie, Inflammation et Infection, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munchen, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site, Munchen, Germany
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Institut Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine-Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Immunology, APHP,Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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18
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Pattekar A, Mayer LS, Lau CW, Liu C, Palko O, Bewtra M, Consortium HPAP, Lindesmith LC, Brewer-Jensen PD, Baric RS, Betts MR, Naji A, Wherry EJ, Tomov VT. Norovirus-Specific CD8 + T Cell Responses in Human Blood and Tissues. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1267-1289. [PMID: 33444817 PMCID: PMC8010716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, an asymptomatic carrier state can persist following acute infection, promoting NoV spread and evolution. Thus, defining immune correlates of NoV protection and persistence is needed to guide the development of future vaccines and limit viral spread. Whereas antibody responses following NoV infection or vaccination have been studied extensively, cellular immunity has received less attention. Data from the mouse NoV model suggest that T cells are critical for preventing persistence and achieving viral clearance, but little is known about NoV-specific T-cell immunity in humans, particularly at mucosal sites. METHODS We screened peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 3 volunteers with an overlapping NoV peptide library. We then used HLA-peptide tetramers to track virus-specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral, lymphoid, and intestinal tissues. Tetramer+ cells were further characterized using markers for cellular trafficking, exhaustion, cytotoxicity, and proliferation. RESULTS We defined 7 HLA-restricted immunodominant class I epitopes that were highly conserved across pandemic strains from genogroup II.4. NoV-specific CD8+ T cells with central, effector, or tissue-resident memory phenotypes were present at all sites and were especially abundant in the intestinal lamina propria. The properties and differentiation states of tetramer+ cells varied across donors and epitopes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are an important step toward defining the breadth, distribution, and properties of human NoV T-cell immunity. Moreover, the molecular tools we have developed can be used to evaluate future vaccines and engineer novel cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Pattekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lena S. Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine II: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Olesya Palko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Meenakshi Bewtra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lisa C. Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul D. Brewer-Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael R. Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vesselin T. Tomov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Vesselin Tomov, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRB 313, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. fax: (215) 349-5915.
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19
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Han J, Khatwani N, Searles TG, Turk MJ, Angeles CV. Memory CD8 + T cell responses to cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 49:101435. [PMID: 33272898 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived memory CD8+ T cells play important roles in tumor immunity. Studies over the past two decades have identified four subsets of memory CD8+ T cells - central, effector, stem-like, and tissue resident memory - that either circulate through blood, lymphoid and peripheral organs, or reside in tissues where cancers develop. In this article, we will review studies from both pre-clinical mouse models and human patients to summarize the phenotype, distribution and unique features of each memory subset, and highlight specific roles of each subset in anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, we will discuss how stem-cell like and resident memory CD8+ T cell subsets relate to exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) populations. These studies reveal how memory CD8+ T cell subsets together orchestrate durable immunity to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Nikhil Khatwani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Tyler G Searles
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Christina V Angeles
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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20
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He Q, Jiang L, Cao K, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhang S, Ding X, He Y, Zhang M, Qiu T, Jin X, Zhao C, Zhang X, Xu J. A Systemic Prime-Intrarectal Pull Strategy Raises Rectum-Resident CD8+ T Cells for Effective Protection in a Murine Model of LM-OVA Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571248. [PMID: 33072113 PMCID: PMC7541937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the entry sites of many pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), mucosal sites are defended by rapidly reacting resident memory T cells (TRM). TRMs represent a special subpopulation of memory T cells that persist long term in non-lymphoid sites without entering the circulation and provide the “sensing and alarming” role in the first-line defense against infection. The rectum and vagina are the two primary mucosal portals for HIV entry. However, compared to vaginal TRM, rectal TRM is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the optimal vaccination strategy to induce rectal TRM. We identified an intranasal prime–intrarectal boost (pull) strategy that is effective in engaging rectal TRM alongside circulating memory T cells and demonstrated its protective efficacy in mice against infection of Listeria monocytogenes. On the contrary, the same vaccine delivered via either intranasal or intrarectal route failed to raise rectal TRM, setting it apart from vaginal TRM, which can be induced by both intranasal and intrarectal immunizations. Moreover, intramuscular prime was also effective in inducing rectal TRM in combination with intrarectal pull, highlighting the need of a primed systemic T cell response. A comparison of different pull modalities led to the identification that raising rectal TRM is mainly driven by local antigen presence. We further demonstrated the interval between prime and boost steps to be critical for the induction of rectal TRM, revealing circulating recently activated CD8+ T cells as the likely primary pullable precursor of rectal TRM. Altogether, our studies lay a new framework for harnessing rectal TRM in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangli Cao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinci Xie
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqing Ding
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongquan He
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zottnick S, Voß AL, Riemer AB. Inducing Immunity Where It Matters: Orthotopic HPV Tumor Models and Therapeutic Vaccinations. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1750. [PMID: 32922389 PMCID: PMC7457000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections account for 4.5% of all cancer cases worldwide. So far, only the initial infection with selected high-risk types can be prevented by prophylactic vaccination. Already existing persistent HPV infections, however, can currently only be treated by surgical removal of resulting lesions. Therapeutic HPV vaccination, promoting cell-based anti-HPV immunity, would be ideal to eliminate and protect against HPV-induced lesions and tumors. A multitude of vaccination approaches has been tested to date, many of which led to high amounts of HPV-specific T cells in vivo. However, growing evidence suggests that not the induction of systemic but of local immunity is paramount for tackling mucosal infections and tumors. Therefore, recent therapeutic vaccination studies have focused on how to induce tissue-resident T cells in the anogenital and oropharyngeal mucosa. These approaches include direct mucosal vaccinations and influencing the migration of systemic T cells toward the mucosa. The efficacy of these new vaccination approaches is best tested in vivo by utilizing orthotopic tumor models, i.e. HPV-positive tumors being located in the animal's mucosa. In line with this, we here review existing HPV tumor models and describe two novel tumorigenic cell lines for the MHC-humanized mouse model A2.DR1. These were used for the establishment of an HPV16 E6/E7-positive vaginal tumor model, suitable for testing therapeutic vaccines containing HLA-A2-restricted HPV16-derived epitopes. The newly developed MHC-humanized orthotopic HPV16-positive tumor model is likely to improve the translatability of in vivo findings to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Zottnick
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessa L Voß
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika B Riemer
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Wang T, Shen Y, Luyten S, Yang Y, Jiang X. Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Rodriguez-Garcia M, Shen Z, Fortier JM, Wira CR. Differential Cytotoxic Function of Resident and Non-resident CD8+ T Cells in the Human Female Reproductive Tract Before and After Menopause. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1096. [PMID: 32582183 PMCID: PMC7287154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional characterization and regulation of tissue resident and non-resident CD8+ T cells in the human female reproductive tract (FRT) as women age remains a gap in our knowledge. Here we characterized the cytotoxic activity and granular contents of CD8+ T cells from the FRT in pre- and postmenopausal women. We found that under steady-state conditions, CD8+ T cells from endometrium (EM), endocervix and ectocervix displayed direct cytotoxic activity, and that cytotoxicity increased in the EM after menopause. Cytotoxic activity was sensitive to suppression by TGFβ exclusively in the EM, and sensitivity to TGFβ was reduced after menopause. Under steady-state conditions, cytotoxic activity (measured as direct killing activity), cytotoxic potential (measured as content of cytotoxic molecules) and proliferation are enhanced in non-resident CD8+ (CD103−) T cells compared to tissue resident (CD103+) T cells. Upon activation, CD103+ T cells displayed greater degranulation compared to CD103− T cells, however the granular content of perforin, granzyme A (GZA) or granzyme B (GZB) was significantly lower. After menopause, degranulation significantly increased, and granular release switched from predominantly GZB in premenopausal to GZA in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal changes affected both CD103+ and CD103− subpopulations. Finally, CD103+ T cells displayed reduced proliferation compared to CD103− T cells, but after proliferation, cytotoxic molecules were similar in each population. Our results highlight the complexity of regulation of cytotoxic function in the FRT before and after menopause, and are relevant to the development of protective strategies against genital infections and gynecological cancers as women age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Jared M Fortier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Charles R Wira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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24
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Szabo PA, Miron M, Farber DL. Location, location, location: Tissue resident memory T cells in mice and humans. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/34/eaas9673. [PMID: 30952804 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aas9673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of T cells resident in diverse tissues has altered our understanding of adaptive immunity to encompass site-specific responses mediated by tissue-adapted memory T cells throughout the body. Here, we discuss the key phenotypic, transcriptional, and functional features of these tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) as established in mouse models of infection and translated to humans by novel tissue sampling approaches. Integration of findings from mouse and human studies may hold the key to unlocking the potential of TRM for promoting tissue immunity and preventing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Szabo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Miron
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Li S, Zhu W, Ye C, Sun W, Xie H, Yang X, Zhang Q, Ma Y. Local mucosal immunization of self-assembled nanofibers elicits robust antitumor effects in an orthotopic model of mouse genital tumors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3076-3089. [PMID: 31965136 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the identified causative agent of cervical cancer. Current therapeutic HPV vaccine candidates lack significant clinical efficacy, which can be attributed to insufficient activation of effector cells, lack of effective modification of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and the limitations of applied tumor models for preclinical vaccine evaluation. Here, a mouse model of orthotopic genital tumors was used to assess the effect of self-assembled nanofibers on eliciting a robust antitumor response via local mucosal immunization. A candidate vaccine was obtained by fusing HPV16 E744-62 to the self-assembling peptide Q11, which was assembled into nanofibers in a salt solution. Mice bearing an established genital TC-1 tumor were immunized with nanofibers through the intravaginal, intranasal, or subcutaneous route. Mucosal vaccination, especially via the intravaginal route, was more effective for suppressing tumor growth than subcutaneous immunization. The potential underlying mechanisms include promoting the systemic generation and tumor accumulation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes expressing high levels of interferon (IFN)-γ or granzyme-B, and reducing the tumor infiltration of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The levels of IFN-γ, the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, and CXCR3+CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in tumor tissues, which may account for the improved recruitment of effector T cells into the tumor. Local mucosal immunization of nanofibers via the intravaginal route represents a new and promising vaccination strategy for the treatment of genital tumor lesions such as cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, People's Republic of China. and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, People's Republic of China. and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, People's Republic of China. and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, People's Republic of China. and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanghang Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, People's Republic of China. and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, People's Republic of China. and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qishu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, People's Republic of China. and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, People's Republic of China. and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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26
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Nasal route for vaccine and drug delivery: Features and current opportunities. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118813. [PMID: 31678521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal administration, and specifically nasal route, constitutes an alternative and promising strategy for drug and vaccine delivery. Mucosal routes have several advantages supporting their selective use for different pathologies. Currently, many efforts are being made to develop effective drug formulations and novel devices for nasal delivery. This review described the structure and main characteristics of the nasal cavity. The advantages, achievements and challenges of the nasal route use for medical purposes are discussed, with particular focus on vaccine delivery. Compelling evidences support the potentialities and safety of the nasal delivery of vaccines and drugs. This alternative route could become a solution for many unmet medical issues and also may facilitate and cheapen massive immunization campaigns or long-lasting chronic treatments. Nowadays, in spite of certain remaining skepticism, the field of nasal delivery of drugs and vaccines is growing fast, bolstered by current developments in nanotechnology, imaging and administration devices. A notable increase in the number of approved drugs for nasal administration is envisaged.
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27
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Xu N, Ruan G, Liu W, Hu C, Huang A, Zeng Z, Luo S, Zhang Z, Fan M, Ye F, Xi T, Xing Y. Vaccine-induced gastric CD4 + tissue-resident memory T cells proliferate in situ to amplify immune response against Helicobacter pylori insult. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12652. [PMID: 31414552 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue-resident memory T cells accelerate the clearance of pathogens during recall response. However, whether CD4+ TRM cells themselves can provide gastric immunity is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a parabiosis model between the enhanced green fluorescent protein and wild-type mice that the circulation system was shared, and the wild-type partner was vaccinated with H pylori vaccine composed of CCF and silk fibroin in gastric subserous layer to induce gastric EGFP+ CD4+ TRM cells. Antigen-specific EGFP+ CD4+ T cells and proliferous TRM cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The colonization of H pylori was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. EGFP+ CD4+ TRM cells and the inflammation of the stomach were observed by histology. RESULTS A parabiosis animal model was employed to identify the cells that introduced by vaccination in GSL. Antigen-specific EGFP+ CD4+ T cells could be detected at day 7 post-vaccination. Thirty days later, EGFP+ CD4+ TRM cells were established with a phenotype of CD69+ CD103- . Of note, we found that when circulating lymphocytes were depleted by FTY720 administration, these TRM cells could proliferate in situ and differentiate into effector Th1 cells after H pylori challenge. A decrease in H pylori colonization was observed in the vaccinated mice but not unvaccinated mice. Further, we found that although FTY720 was administrated, mounted pro-inflammatory myeloid cells still emerged in the stomach of the vaccinated mice, which might contribute to the reduction of H pylori colonization. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that H pylori vaccine-induced CD4+ TRM cells can proliferate and differentiate in situ to enhance gastric local immunity during recall response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guojing Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chupeng Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuanghui Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghui Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Mekonnen ZA, Grubor-Bauk B, English K, Leung P, Masavuli MG, Shrestha AC, Bertolino P, Bowen DG, Lloyd AR, Gowans EJ, Wijesundara DK. Single-Dose Vaccination with a Hepatotropic Adeno-associated Virus Efficiently Localizes T Cell Immunity in the Liver with the Potential To Confer Rapid Protection against Hepatitis C Virus. J Virol 2019; 93:e00202-19. [PMID: 31292249 PMCID: PMC6744243 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00202-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant contributor to the global disease burden, and development of an effective vaccine is required to eliminate HCV infections worldwide. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity correlates with viral clearance in primary HCV infection, and intrahepatic CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide lifelong and rapid protection against hepatotropic pathogens. Consequently, we aimed to develop a vaccine to elicit HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, including CD8+ TRM cells, in the liver, given that HCV primarily infects hepatocytes. To achieve this, we vaccinated wild-type BALB/c mice with a highly immunogenic cytolytic DNA vaccine encoding a model HCV (genotype 3a) nonstructural protein (NS5B) and a mutant perforin (pVAX-NS5B-PRF), as well as a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding NS5B (rAAV-NS5B). A novel fluorescent target array (FTA) was used to map immunodominant CD4+ T helper (TH) cell and cytotoxic CD8+ T cell epitopes of NS5B in vivo, which were subsequently used to design a KdNS5B451-459 tetramer and analyze NS5B-specific T cell responses in vaccinated mice in vivo The data showed that intradermal prime/boost vaccination with pVAX-NS5B-PRF was effective in eliciting TH and cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses and intrahepatic CD8+ TRM cells, but a single intravenous dose of hepatotropic rAAV-NS5B was significantly more effective. As a T-cell-based vaccine against HCV should ideally result in localized T cell responses in the liver, this study describes primary observations in the context of HCV vaccination that can be used to achieve this goal.IMPORTANCE There are currently at least 71 million individuals with chronic HCV worldwide and almost two million new infections annually. Although the advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) offers highly effective therapy, considerable remaining challenges argue against reliance on DAAs for HCV elimination, including high drug cost, poorly developed health infrastructure, low screening rates, and significant reinfection rates. Accordingly, development of an effective vaccine is crucial to HCV elimination. An HCV vaccine that elicits T cell immunity in the liver will be highly protective for the following reasons: (i) T cell responses against nonstructural proteins of the virus are associated with clearance of primary infection, and (ii) long-lived liver-resident T cells alone can protect against malaria infection of hepatocytes. Thus, in this study we exploit promising vaccination platforms to highlight strategies that can be used to evoke highly functional and long-lived T cell responses in the liver for protection against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem A Mekonnen
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kieran English
- Liver Immunology Group and A. W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Preston Leung
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Makutiro G Masavuli
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ashish C Shrestha
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Group and A. W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Liver Immunology Group and A. W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, Bosch Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric J Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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29
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Westrich JA, Vermeer DW, Silva A, Bonney S, Berger JN, Cicchini L, Greer RO, Song JI, Raben D, Slansky JE, Lee JH, Spanos WC, Pyeon D. CXCL14 suppresses human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer through antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell responses by upregulating MHC-I expression. Oncogene 2019; 38:7166-7180. [PMID: 31417179 PMCID: PMC6856418 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Evasion of the host immune responses is critical for both persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated cancer progression. We have previously shown that expression of the homeostatic chemokine CXCL14 is significantly downregulated by the HPV oncoprotein E7 during cancer progression. Restoration of CXCL14 expression in HPV-positive head and neck cancer (HNC) cells dramatically suppresses tumor growth and increases survival through an immune-dependent mechanism in mice. While CXCL14 recruits natural killer (NK) and T cells to the tumor microenvironment, the mechanism by which CXCL14 mediates tumor suppression through NK and/or T cells remained undefined. Here, we report that CD8+ T cells are required for CXCL14-mediated tumor suppression. Using a CD8+ T cell receptor transgenic model, we show that the CXCL14-mediated antitumor CD8+ T cell responses require antigen specificity. Interestingly, CXCL14 expression restores major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression on HPV-positive HNC cells downregulated by HPV, and knockdown of MHC-I expression in HNC cells results in loss of tumor suppression even with CXCL14 expression. These results suggest that CXCL14 enacts antitumor immunity through restoration of MHC-I expression on tumor cells and promoting antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses to suppress HPV-positive HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Westrich
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Alexa Silva
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie Bonney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer N Berger
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Louis Cicchini
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Robert O Greer
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John I Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jill E Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John H Lee
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute for Medicine, El Segundo, CA, 90245, USA
| | - William C Spanos
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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30
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Mekonnen ZA, Grubor-Bauk B, Masavuli MG, Shrestha AC, Ranasinghe C, Bull RA, Lloyd AR, Gowans EJ, Wijesundara DK. Toward DNA-Based T-Cell Mediated Vaccines to Target HIV-1 and Hepatitis C Virus: Approaches to Elicit Localized Immunity for Protection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 31001491 PMCID: PMC6456646 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major contributors to the global disease burden with many experts recognizing the requirement of an effective vaccine to bring a durable end to these viral epidemics. The most promising vaccine candidates that have advanced into pre-clinical models and the clinic to eliminate or provide protection against these chronic viruses are viral vectors [e.g., recombinant cytomegalovirus, Adenovirus, and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)]. This raises the question, is there a need to develop DNA vaccines against HIV-1 and HCV? Since the initial study from Wolff and colleagues which showed that DNA represents a vector that can be used to express transgenes durably in vivo, DNA has been regularly evaluated as a vaccine vector albeit with limited success in large animal models and humans. However, several recent studies in Phase I-IIb trials showed that vaccination of patients with recombinant DNA represents a feasible therapeutic intervention to even cure cervical cancer, highlighting the potential of using DNA for human vaccinations. In this review, we will discuss the limitations and the strategies of using DNA as a vector to develop prophylactic T cell-mediated vaccines against HIV-1 and HCV. In particular, we focus on potential strategies exploiting DNA vectors to elicit protective localized CD8+ T cell immunity in the liver for HCV and in the cervicovaginal mucosa for HIV-1 as localized immunity will be an important, if not critical component, of an efficacious vaccine against these viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem A. Mekonnen
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Makutiro G. Masavuli
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashish C. Shrestha
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rowena A. Bull
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric J. Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Danushka K. Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,*Correspondence: Danushka K. Wijesundara
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31
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Cross-Presentation of Skin-Targeted Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus 2/1 Transgene Induces Potent Resident Memory CD8 + T Cell Responses. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01334-18. [PMID: 30541847 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01334-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A key aspect to consider for vaccinal protection is the induction of a local line of defense consisting of nonrecirculating tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), in parallel to the generation of systemic memory CD8+ T cell responses. The potential to induce TRM has now been demonstrated for a number of pathogens and viral vectors. This potential, however, has never been tested for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors, which are weakly inflammatory and poor transducer of dendritic cells. Using a model rAAV2/1-based vaccine, we determined that a single intradermal immunization with rAAV2/1 vectors in mice induces fully functional TRM at the local site of immunization. The optimal differentiation of rAAV-induced transgene-specific skin TRM was dependent on local transgene expression and additional CD4+ T cell help. Transgene expression in dendritic cells, however, appeared to be dispensable for the priming of transgene-specific skin TRM, suggesting that this process solely depends on the cross-presentation of transgene products. Overall, this study provides needed information to properly assess rAAV vectors as T cell-inducing vaccine carriers.IMPORTANCE rAAVs display numerous characteristics that could make them extremely attractive as vaccine carriers, including an excellent safety profile in humans and great flexibility regarding serotypes and choice of target tissue. Studies addressing the ability of rAAV to induce protective T cell responses, however, are scarce. Notably, the potential to induce a tissue-resident memory T cell response has never been described for rAAV vectors, strongly limiting further interest for their use as vaccine carriers. Using a model rAAV2/1 vaccine delivered to the skin, our study demonstrated that rAAV vectors can induce bona fide skin resident TRM and provides additional clues regarding the cellular mechanisms underlying this process. These results will help widen the field of rAAV applications.
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32
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Çuburu N, Kim R, Guittard GC, Thompson CD, Day PM, Hamm DE, Pang YYS, Graham BS, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. A Prime-Pull-Amplify Vaccination Strategy To Maximize Induction of Circulating and Genital-Resident Intraepithelial CD8 + Memory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1250-1264. [PMID: 30635393 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent insight into the mechanisms of induction of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TRM) enables the development of novel vaccine strategies against sexually transmitted infections. To maximize both systemic and genital intraepithelial CD8+ T cells against vaccine Ags, we assessed combinations of i.m. and intravaginal routes in heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens with unrelated viral vectors. Only i.m. prime followed by intravaginal boost induced concomitant strong systemic and intraepithelial genital-resident CD8+ T cell responses. Intravaginal boost with vectors expressing vaccine Ags was far superior to intravaginal instillation of CXCR3 chemokine receptor ligands or TLR 3, 7, and 9 agonists to recruit and increase the pool of cervicovaginal CD8+ TRM Transient Ag presentation increased trafficking of cognate and bystander circulating activated, but not naive, CD8+ T cells into the genital tract and induced in situ proliferation and differentiation of cognate CD8+ TRM Secondary genital CD8+ TRM were induced in the absence of CD4+ T cell help and shared a similar TCR repertoire with systemic CD8+ T cells. This prime-pull-amplify approach elicited systemic and genital CD8+ T cell responses against high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein and conferred CD8-mediated protection to a vaccinia virus genital challenge. These results underscore the importance of the delivery route of nonreplicating vectors in prime-boost immunization to shape the tissue distribution of CD8+ T cell responses. In this context, the importance of local Ag presentation to elicit genital CD8+ TRM provides a rationale to develop novel vaccines against sexually transmitted infections and to treat human papillomavirus neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Çuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Rina Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Geoffrey C Guittard
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cynthia D Thompson
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Patricia M Day
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David E Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102; and
| | - Yuk-Ying S Pang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Barney S Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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33
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Sun H, Sun C, Xiao W, Sun R. Tissue-resident lymphocytes: from adaptive to innate immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:205-215. [PMID: 30635650 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient immune responses against invading pathogens often involve coordination between cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. For multiple decades, it has been believed that CD8+ memory T cells and natural killer (NK) cells constantly and uniformly recirculate. Only recently was the existence of noncirculating memory T and NK cells that remain resident in the peripheral tissues, termed tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells, observed in various organs owing to improved techniques. TRM cells populate a wide range of peripheral organs, including the skin, sensory ganglia, gut, lungs, brain, salivary glands, female reproductive tract, and others. Recent findings have demonstrated the existence of TRM in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) as well, leading to revision of the classic theory that they exist only in peripheral organs. trNK cells have been identified in the uterus, skin, kidney, adipose tissue, and salivary glands. These tissue-resident lymphocytes do not recirculate in the blood or lymphatic system and often adopt a unique phenotype that is distinct from those of circulating immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the tissue residency of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes, with a particular focus on CD8+ memory T cells, and describe some advances regarding unconventional T cells (invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and γδ T cells) and the emerging family of trNK cells. Specifically, we will focus on the phenotypes and functions of these subsets and discuss their implications in anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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34
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Kozlowski PA, Aldovini A. Mucosal Vaccine Approaches for Prevention of HIV and SIV Transmission. CURRENT IMMUNOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 15:102-122. [PMID: 31452652 PMCID: PMC6709706 DOI: 10.2174/1573395514666180605092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimal protective immunity to HIV will likely require that plasma cells, memory B cells and memory T cells be stationed in mucosal tissues at portals of viral entry. Mucosal vaccine administration is more effective than parenteral vaccine delivery for this purpose. The challenge has been to achieve efficient vaccine uptake at mucosal surfaces, and to identify safe and effective adjuvants, especially for mucosally administered HIV envelope protein immunogens. Here, we discuss strategies used to deliver potential HIV vaccine candidates in the intestine, respiratory tract, and male and female genital tract of humans and nonhuman primates. We also review mucosal adjuvants, including Toll-like receptor agonists, which may adjuvant both mucosal humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV protein immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Anna Aldovini
- Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, 02115, USA
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35
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Molodtsov A, Turk MJ. Tissue Resident CD8 Memory T Cell Responses in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2810. [PMID: 30555481 PMCID: PMC6281983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident memory (TRM) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal TRM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, TRM-like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that TRM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. Such tumor-specific TRM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. TRM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic TRM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to TRM responses. This review will recount the path to discovering the importance of resident memory CD8 T cells as they pertain to cancer immunity. In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate TRM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for TRM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting TRM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Molodtsov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Dumauthioz N, Labiano S, Romero P. Tumor Resident Memory T Cells: New Players in Immune Surveillance and Therapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2076. [PMID: 30258445 PMCID: PMC6143788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) are a subset of memory T cells mainly described in inflammation and infection settings. Their location in peripheral tissues, such as lungs, gut, or skin, makes them the earliest T cell population to respond upon antigen recognition or under inflammatory conditions. The study of Trm cells in the field of cancer, and particularly in cancer immunotherapy, has recently gained considerable momentum. Different reports have shown that the vaccination route is critical to promote Trm generation in preclinical cancer models. Cancer vaccines administered directly at the mucosa, frequently result in enhanced Trm formation in mucosal cancers compared to vaccinations via intramuscular or subcutaneous routes. Moreover, the intratumoral presence of T cells expressing the integrin CD103 has been reported to strongly correlate with a favorable prognosis for cancer patients. In spite of recent progress, the full spectrum of Trm anti-tumoral functions still needs to be fully established, particularly in cancer patients, in different clinical contexts. In this mini-review we focus on the recent vaccination strategies aimed at generating Trm cells, as well as evidence supporting their association with patient survival in different cancer types. We believe that collectively, this information provides a strong rationale to target Trm for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dumauthioz
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sara Labiano
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
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Goyvaerts C, Breckpot K. The Journey of in vivo Virus Engineered Dendritic Cells From Bench to Bedside: A Bumpy Road. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2052. [PMID: 30254636 PMCID: PMC6141723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are recognized as highly potent antigen-presenting cells that are able to stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses with antitumor activity. Consequently, DCs have been explored as cellular vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. To that end, DCs are modified with tumor antigens to enable presentation of antigen-derived peptides to CTLs. In this review we discuss the use of viral vectors for in situ modification of DCs, focusing on their clinical applications as anticancer vaccines. Among the viral vectors discussed are those derived from viruses belonging to the families of the Poxviridae, Adenoviridae, Retroviridae, Togaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. We will further shed light on how the combination of viral vector-based vaccination with T-cell supporting strategies will bring this strategy to the next level.
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Corgnac S, Boutet M, Kfoury M, Naltet C, Mami-Chouaib F. The Emerging Role of CD8 + Tissue Resident Memory T (T RM) Cells in Antitumor Immunity: A Unique Functional Contribution of the CD103 Integrin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1904. [PMID: 30158938 PMCID: PMC6104123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is aimed at stimulating tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their subsequent trafficking so that they may reach, and persist in, the tumor microenvironment, recognizing and eliminating malignant target cells. Thus, characterization of the phenotype and effector functions of CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrating human solid tumors is essential for better understanding and manipulating the local antitumor immune response, and for defining their contribution to the success of current cancer immunotherapy approaches. Accumulating evidence indicates that a substantial subpopulation of CD3+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells, and is emerging as an activated tumor-specific T-cell subset. These TRM cells accumulate in various human cancer tissues, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), ovarian and breast cancers, and are defined by expression of CD103 [αE(CD103)β7] and/or CD49a [α1(CD49a)β1] integrins, along with C-type lectin CD69, which most likely contribute to their residency characteristic. CD103 binds to the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin, thereby promoting retention of TRM cells in epithelial tumor islets and maturation of cytotoxic immune synapse with specific cancer cells, resulting in T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent target cell killing. Moreover, CD103 integrin triggers bidirectional signaling events that cooperate with TCR signals to enable T-cell migration and optimal cytokine production. Remarkably, TRM cells infiltrating human NSCLC tumors also express inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death-1, the neutralization of which, with blocking antibodies, enhances CD103-dependent TCR-mediated cytotoxicity toward autologous cancer cells. Thus, accumulation of TRM cells at the tumor site explains the more favorable clinical outcome, and might be associated with the success of immune checkpoint blockade in a fraction of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Boutet
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Kfoury
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles Naltet
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Morabito KM, Ruckwardt TJ, Bar-Haim E, Nair D, Moin SM, Redwood AJ, Price DA, Graham BS. Memory Inflation Drives Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cell Maintenance in the Lung After Intranasal Vaccination With Murine Cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1861. [PMID: 30154789 PMCID: PMC6102355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide first-line defense against invading pathogens encountered at barrier sites. In the lungs, TRM cells protect against respiratory infections, but wane more quickly than TRM cells in other tissues. This lack of a sustained TRM population in the lung parenchyma explains, at least in part, why infections with some pathogens, such as influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), recur throughout life. Intranasal (IN) vaccination with a murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) vector expressing the M protein of RSV (MCMV-M) has been shown to elicit robust populations of CD8+ TRM cells that accumulate over time and mediate early viral clearance. To extend this finding, we compared the inflationary CD8+ T cell population elicited by MCMV-M vaccination with a conventional CD8+ T cell population elicited by an MCMV vector expressing the M2 protein of RSV (MCMV-M2). Vaccination with MCMV-M2 induced a population of M2-specific CD8+ TRM cells that waned rapidly, akin to the M2-specific CD8+ TRM cell population elicited by infection with RSV. In contrast to the natural immunodominance profile, however, coadministration of MCMV-M and MCMV-M2 did not suppress the M-specific CD8+ T cell response, suggesting that progressive expansion was driven by continuous antigen presentation, irrespective of the competitive or regulatory effects of M2-specific CD8+ T cells. Moreover, effective viral clearance mediated by M-specific CD8+ TRM cells was not affected by the coinduction of M2-specific CD8+ T cells. These data show that memory inflation is required for the maintenance of CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs after IN vaccination with MCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Morabito
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Deepika Nair
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Syed M Moin
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alec J Redwood
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Barney S Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Behr FM, Chuwonpad A, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Armed and Ready: Transcriptional Regulation of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1770. [PMID: 30131803 PMCID: PMC6090154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental benefit of immunological memory is the ability to respond in an enhanced manner upon secondary encounter with the same pathogen. Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (TRM) cells contribute to improved protection against reinfection through the generation of immediate effector responses at the site of pathogen entry. Key to the potential of TRM cells to develop rapid recall responses is their location within the epithelia of the skin, lungs, and intestines at prime entry sites of pathogens. TRM cells are among the first immune cells to respond to pathogens that have been previously encountered in an antigen-specific manner. Upon recognition of invading pathogens, TRM cells release IFN-γ and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These effector molecules activate the surrounding epithelial tissue and recruit other immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and circulating memory CD8 T cells to the site of infection. The repertoire of TRM effector functions also includes the direct lysis of infected cells through the release of cytotoxic molecules such as perforin and granzymes. The mechanisms enabling TRM cells to respond in such a rapid manner are gradually being uncovered. In this review, we will address the signals that instruct TRM generation and maintenance as well as the underlying transcriptional network that keeps TRM cells in a deployment-ready modus. Furthermore, we will discuss how TRM cells respond to reinfection of the tissue and how transcription factors may control immediate and proliferative TRM responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ammarina Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Muruganandah V, Sathkumara HD, Navarro S, Kupz A. A Systematic Review: The Role of Resident Memory T Cells in Infectious Diseases and Their Relevance for Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1574. [PMID: 30038624 PMCID: PMC6046459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resident memory T cells have emerged as key players in the immune response generated against a number of pathogens. Their ability to take residence in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues allows for the rapid deployment of secondary effector responses at the site of pathogen entry. This ability to provide enhanced regional immunity has gathered much attention, with the generation of resident memory T cells being the goal of many novel vaccines. Objectives This review aimed to systematically analyze published literature investigating the role of resident memory T cells in human infectious diseases. Known effector responses mounted by these cells are summarized and key strategies that are potentially influential in the rational design of resident memory T cell inducing vaccines have also been highlighted. Methods A Boolean search was applied to Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Studies that investigated the effector response generated by resident memory T cells and/or evaluated strategies for inducing these cells were included irrespective of published date. Studies must have utilized an established technique for identifying resident memory T cells such as T cell phenotyping. Results While over 600 publications were revealed by the search, 147 articles were eligible for inclusion. The reference lists of included articles were also screened for other eligible publications. This resulted in the inclusion of publications that studied resident memory T cells in the context of over 25 human pathogens. The vast majority of studies were conducted in mouse models and demonstrated that resident memory T cells mount protective immune responses. Conclusion Although the role resident memory T cells play in providing immunity varies depending on the pathogen and anatomical location they resided in, the evidence overall suggests that these cells are vital for the timely and optimal protection against a number of infectious diseases. The induction of resident memory T cells should be further investigated and seriously considered when designing new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visai Muruganandah
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Harindra D Sathkumara
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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Rodriguez-Garcia M, Fortier JM, Barr FD, Wira CR. Aging impacts CD103 + CD8 + T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12733. [PMID: 29455474 PMCID: PMC5946085 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As women age, susceptibility to systemic and genital infections increases. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) are CD103+ CD8+ long-lived lymphocytes that provide critical mucosal immune protection. Mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) are known to induce CD103 expression on CD8+ T cells. While CD103+ CD8+ T cells are found throughout the female reproductive tract (FRT), the extent to which aging impacts their presence and induction by DCs remains unknown. Using hysterectomy tissues, we found that endometrial CD103+ CD8+ T cells were increased in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women. Endometrial DCs from postmenopausal women were significantly more effective at inducing CD103 expression on allogeneic naïve CD8+ T cells than DCs from premenopausal women; CD103 upregulation was mediated through membrane-bound TGFβ signaling. In contrast, cervical CD103+ T cells and DC numbers declined in postmenopausal women with age. Decreases in DCs correlated with decreased CD103+ T cells in endocervix, but not ectocervix. Our findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized compartmentalization of TRMs in the FRT of postmenopausal women, with loss of TRMs and DCs in the cervix with aging, and increased TRMs and DC induction capacity in the endometrium. These findings are relevant to understanding immune protection in the FRT and to the design of vaccines for women of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Lebanon NH USA
| | - Jared M. Fortier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Lebanon NH USA
| | - Fiona D. Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Lebanon NH USA
| | - Charles R. Wira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Lebanon NH USA
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Takamura S. Niches for the Long-Term Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1214. [PMID: 29904388 PMCID: PMC5990602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are a population of immune cells that reside in the lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs without recirculation through the blood. These important cells occupy and utilize unique anatomical and physiological niches that are distinct from those for other memory T cell populations, such as central memory T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs and effector memory T cells that circulate through the tissues. CD8+ TRM cells typically localize in the epithelial layers of barrier tissues where they are optimally positioned to act as sentinels to trigger antigen-specific protection against reinfection. CD4+ TRM cells typically localize below the epithelial layers, such as below the basement membrane, and cluster in lymphoid structures designed to optimize interactions with antigen-presenting cells upon reinfection. A key feature of TRM populations is their ability to be maintained in barrier tissues for prolonged periods of time. For example, skin CD8+ TRM cells displace epidermal niches originally occupied by γδ T cells, thereby enabling their stable persistence for years. It is also clear that the long-term maintenance of TRM cells in different microenvironments is dependent on multiple tissue-specific survival cues, although the specific details are poorly understood. However, not all TRM persist over the long term. Recently, we identified a new spatial niche for the maintenance of CD8+ TRM cells in the lung, which is created at the site of tissue regeneration after injury [termed repair-associated memory depots (RAMD)]. The short-lived nature of RAMD potentially explains the short lifespans of CD8+ TRM cells in this particular tissue. Clearly, a better understanding of the niche-dependent maintenance of TRM cells will be important for the development of vaccines designed to promote barrier immunity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the properties and nature of tissue-specific niches that maintain TRM cells in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Takamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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44
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Qiu J, Peng S, Yang A, Ma Y, Han L, Cheng MA, Farmer E, Hung CF, Wu TC. Intramuscular vaccination targeting mucosal tumor draining lymph node enhances integrins-mediated CD8+ T cell infiltration to control mucosal tumor growth. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1463946. [PMID: 30221059 PMCID: PMC6136882 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1463946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mucosal immunization is suggested to be crucial for controlling tumors in the mucosal region; however, therapeutic DNA vaccination with electroporation in various mucosal sites has yet to become clinically adaptable. Since tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs) have been suggested as immune-educated sites that can be utilized to mount a potent antitumor immune response, we examined whether intramuscular DNA vaccination with electroporation at sites that target the mucosal tdLNs could elicit mucosal immune response to restrict tumor growth. Experimental Design: The efficacy and mechanism of intramuscular administration of a therapeutic DNA vaccine with electroporation at different sites was examined by lymphocyte analysis, tumor growth, mouse survival, as well as integrin expression, in mice bearing orthotopic HPV16 E6/E7+ syngeneic TC-1 tumors in various mucosal areas. Results: While provoking comparable systemic CD8+ T cell responses, intramuscular hind leg vaccination generated stronger responses in cervicovaginal-draining LNs to control cervicovaginal tumors, whereas intramuscular front leg vaccination generated stronger responses in oral-draining LNs to control buccal tumors. Surgical removal of tdLNs abolished the antitumor effects of therapeutic vaccination. Mucosal-tdLN-targeted intramuscular vaccination induced the expression of mucosal-homing integrins LPAM-1 and CD49a by tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the tdLNs. Inhibition of these integrins abolished the therapeutic effects of vaccination and the infiltration of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells into mucosal tumors. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that tumor draining lymph nodes targeted intramuscular immunization can effectively control mucosal tumors, which represents a readily adaptable strategy for treating mucosal cancers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Max A. Cheng
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emily Farmer
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - T.-C. Wu
- Departments of Pathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, UnitedStates
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Amsen D, van Gisbergen KPJM, Hombrink P, van Lier RAW. Tissue-resident memory T cells at the center of immunity to solid tumors. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:538-546. [PMID: 29777219 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses in tissues are constrained by the physiological properties of the tissue involved. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are a recently discovered lineage of T cells specialized for life and function within tissues. Emerging evidence has shown that TRM cells have a special role in the control of solid tumors. A high frequency of TRM cells in tumors correlates with favorable disease progression in patients with cancer, and studies of mice have shown that TRM cells are necessary for optimal immunological control of solid tumors. Here we describe what defines TRM cells as a separate lineage and how these cells are generated. Furthermore, we discuss the properties that allow TRM cells to operate in normal and transformed tissues, as well as implications for the treatment of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Induction of vaginal-resident HIV-specific CD8 T cells with mucosal prime-boost immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:994-1007. [PMID: 29067995 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells survey a range of non-lymphoid mucosal tissues where they rapidly mediate clearance of viral infections at the entry portals. Vaccines that establish CD8 TRM cells in the cervicovaginal mucosa hold promise for effective immunity against sexually transmitted HIV. We demonstrate that HIV-specific CD8 TRM cells can be established in the murine vaginal mucosa using a combined intranasal and intravaginal mucosal immunization with recombinant influenza-HIV vectors. Using in situ tetramer immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that this mucosally administered prime-boost immunization also resulted in the durable seeding of CD8 T cells in the frontline vaginal epithelial compartment as opposed to the vaginal submucosa. Upon cognate antigen recognition within the vaginal mucosa, these HIV-specific CD8 TRM cells rapidly initiated a tissue-wide state of immunity. The activation of HIV-specific CD8 TRM cells resulted in the upregulation of endothelial vessel addressin expression and substantial recruitment of both adaptive and innate immune cells in the vaginal mucosa. These findings suggest that the epithelial localization of HIV-specific CD8 TRM cell populations and their capacity to rapidly activate both arms of the immune system could significantly augment frontline defenses against vaginal HIV infection.
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Gebhardt T, Palendira U, Tscharke DC, Bedoui S. Tissue-resident memory T cells in tissue homeostasis, persistent infection, and cancer surveillance. Immunol Rev 2018; 283:54-76. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Centenary Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - David C. Tscharke
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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48
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King EM, Mazor R, Çuburu N, Pastan I. Low-Dose Methotrexate Prevents Primary and Secondary Humoral Immune Responses and Induces Immune Tolerance to a Recombinant Immunotoxin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2038-2045. [PMID: 29431691 PMCID: PMC5840006 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are chimeric proteins being developed for cancer treatment. They are composed of an Ab fragment that targets a cancer Ag and a cytotoxic portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. They are effective for patients with hematologic malignancies with defective immunity, but their efficacy against solid tumors is limited by anti-drug Ab (ADA) responses in immune-competent patients. Pre-existing Abs or immune memory owing to previous toxin exposure represent additional hurdles because they induce rapid and strong ADA responses. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) to prevent ADA formation against the mesothelin-targeting RIT LMB-100 in naive mice and in mice with pre-existing Abs. We found that low-dose MTX combined with LMB-100 completely suppressed the formation of ADAs in a dose- and frequency-dependent manner. Suppression of the immune response restored blood levels of LMB-100 and prevented its neutralization. Furthermore, combination of MTX with LMB-100 did not compromise the immune response against a second Ag given after stopping MTX, indicating specific immune tolerance. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes suppressed Ab responses to LMB-100 in recipient mice, indicating a durable immune tolerance. We conclude that combination of MTX and LMB-100 is effective at preventing immune responses in a durable, Ag-specific manner. We propose combining low-dose MTX in immune-competent cancer patients receiving RIT therapy to prevent immunogenicity. This approach could be applied to other immunogenic therapeutic agents and to proteins for which there is pre-existing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M King
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Ronit Mazor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Nicolas Çuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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49
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Scott BA, Yarchoan M, Jaffee EM. Prophylactic Vaccines for Nonviral Cancers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blake Alan Scott
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;, ,
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;, ,
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;, ,
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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50
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Beura LK, Mitchell JS, Thompson EA, Schenkel JM, Mohammed J, Wijeyesinghe S, Fonseca R, Burbach BJ, Hickman HD, Vezys V, Fife BT, Masopust D. Intravital mucosal imaging of CD8 + resident memory T cells shows tissue-autonomous recall responses that amplify secondary memory. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:173-182. [PMID: 29311694 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-017-0029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell immunosurveillance dynamics influence the outcome of intracellular infections and cancer. Here we used two-photon intravital microscopy to visualize the responses of CD8+ resident memory T cells (TRM cells) within the reproductive tracts of live female mice. We found that mucosal TRM cells were highly motile, but paused and underwent in situ division after local antigen challenge. TRM cell reactivation triggered the recruitment of recirculating memory T cells that underwent antigen-independent TRM cell differentiation in situ. However, the proliferation of pre-existing TRM cells dominated the local mucosal recall response and contributed most substantially to the boosted secondary TRM cell population. We observed similar results in skin. Thus, TRM cells can autonomously regulate the expansion of local immunosurveillance independently of central memory or proliferation in lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit K Beura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason S Mitchell
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emily A Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason M Schenkel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Javed Mohammed
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raissa Fonseca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brandon J Burbach
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian T Fife
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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