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Wu H, Tang H, Zou X, Huang Q, Wang S, Sun M, Ye Z, Wang H, Wu Y, Sun L, Chen Y, Tang H. Role of the PARP1/NF-κB Pathway in DNA Damage and Apoptosis of TK6 Cells Induced by Hydroquinone. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1187-1198. [PMID: 38837948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydroquinone(HQ) is a widely used industrial raw material and is a topical lightening product found in over-the-counter products. However, inappropriate exposure to HQ can pose certain health hazards. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of DNA damage and cell apoptosis caused by HQ, with a focus on whether HQ activates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway to participate in this process and to investigate the correlation between the NF-κB pathway activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(PARP1). Through various experimental techniques, such as DNA damage detection, cell apoptosis assessment, cell survival rate analysis, immunofluorescence, and nuclear-cytoplasmic separation, the cytotoxic effects of HQ were verified, and the activation of the NF-κB pathway was observed. Simultaneously, the relationship between the NF-κB pathway and PARP1 was verified by shRNA interference experiments. The results showed that HQ could significantly activate the NF-κB pathway, leading to a decreased cell survival rate, increased DNA damage, and cell apoptosis. Inhibiting the NF-κB pathway could significantly reduce HQ-induced DNA damage and cell apoptosis and restore cell proliferation and survival rate. shRNA interference experiments further indicated that the activation of the NF-κB pathway was regulated by PARP1. This study confirmed the important role of the NF-κB pathway in HQ-induced DNA damage and cell apoptosis and revealed that the activation of the NF-κB pathway was mediated by PARP1. This research provides important clues for a deeper understanding of the toxic mechanism of HQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wu
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiangli Zou
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qihao Huang
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhongming Ye
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Martinez ZS, Gutierrez DA, Valenzuela C, Seong CS, Llano M. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 regulates HIV-1 replication in human CD4+ T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598467. [PMID: 38915699 PMCID: PMC11195250 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The cellular enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) regulates multiple processes that are potentially implicated in HIV-1 infection. However, the role of PARP-1 in HIV-1 infection remains controversial, with reports indicating or excluding that PARP-1 influence early steps of the HIV-1 life cycle. Most of these studies have been conducted with Vesicular Stomatitis virus Glycoprotein G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped, single-round infection HIV-1; limiting our understanding of the role of PARP-1 in HIV-1 replication. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of PARP-1 deficiency or inhibition in HIV-1 replication in human CD4+ T cells. Our data showed that PARP-1 knockout increased viral replication in SUP-T1 cells. Similarly, a PARP-1 inhibitor that targets PARP-1 DNA-binding activity enhanced HIV-1 replication. In contrast, inhibitors affecting the catalytic activity of the enzyme were inactive. In correspondence with the pharmacological studies, mutagenesis analysis indicated that the DNA-binding domain was required for the PARP-1 anti-HIV-1 activity, but the poly-ADP-ribosylation activity was dispensable. Our results also demonstrated that PARP-1 acts at the production phase of the viral life cycle since HIV-1 produced in cells lacking PARP-1 was more infectious than control viruses. The effect of PARP-1 on HIV-1 infectivity required Env, as PARP-1 deficiency or inhibition did not modify the infectivity of Env-deleted, VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1. Furthermore, virion-associated Env was more abundant in sucrose cushion-purified virions produced in cells lacking the enzyme. However, PARP-1 did not affect Env expression or processing in the producer cells. In summary, our data indicate that PARP-1 antagonism enhances HIV-1 infectivity and increases levels of virion-associated Env. Importance Different cellular processes counteract viral replication. A better understanding of these interfering mechanisms will enhance our ability to control viral infections. We have discovered a novel, antagonist effect of the cellular enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in HIV-1 replication. Our data indicate that PARP-1 deficiency or inhibition augment HIV-1 infectivity in human CD4+ T cells, the main HIV-1 target cell in vivo . Analysis of the mechanism of action suggested that PARP-1 antagonism increases in the virus the amounts of the viral protein mediating viral entry to the target cells. These findings identify for the first time PARP-1 as a host factor that regulates HIV-1 infectivity, and could be relevant to better understand HIV-1 transmission and to facilitate vaccine development.
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Olthof MGL, Hasler A, Valdivieso P, Flück M, Gerber C, Gehrke R, Klein K, von Rechenberg B, Snedeker JG, Wieser K. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases-Inhibitor Talazoparib Inhibits Muscle Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration in a Tendon Release Infraspinatus Sheep Model: A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2024; 14:187. [PMID: 38668315 PMCID: PMC11051840 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural muscle changes, including muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, follow rotator cuff tendon tear and are associated with a high repair failure rate. Despite extensive research efforts, no pharmacological therapy is available to successfully prevent both muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration after tenotomy of tendomuscular unit without surgical repair. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are identified as a key transcription factors involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. PARP inhibitors have been shown to influence muscle degeneration, including mitochondrial hemostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic activity, and reduced degenerative changes in a knockout mouse model. Tenotomized infraspinatus were assessed for muscle degeneration for 16 weeks using a Swiss Alpine sheep model (n = 6). All sheep received daily oral administration of 0.5 mg Talazoparib. Due to animal ethics, the treatment group was compared with three different controls from prior studies of our institution. To mitigate potential batch heterogeneity, PARP-I was evaluated in comparison with three distinct control groups (n = 6 per control group) using the same protocol without treatment. The control sheep were treated with an identical study protocol without Talazoparib treatment. Muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration were evaluated at 0, 6 and 16 weeks post-tenotomy using DIXON-MRI. The controls and PARP-I showed a significant (control p < 0.001, PARP-I p = 0.01) decrease in muscle volume after 6 weeks. However, significantly less (p = 0.01) atrophy was observed in PARP-I after 6 weeks (control 1: 76.6 ± 8.7%; control 2: 80.3 ± 9.3%, control 3: 73.8 ± 6.7% vs. PARP-I: 90.8 ± 5.1% of the original volume) and 16 weeks (control 1: 75.7 ± 9.9; control 2: 74.2 ± 5.6%; control 3: 75.3 ± 7.4% vs. PARP-I 93.3 ± 10.6% of the original volume). All experimental groups exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.001) augmentation in fatty infiltration following a 16-week period when compared to the initial timepoint. However, the PARP-I showed significantly less fatty infiltration (p < 0.003) compared to all controls (control 1: 55.6 ± 6.7%, control 2: 53.4 ± 9.4%, control 3: 52.0 ± 12.8% vs. PARP-I: 33.5 ± 8.4%). Finally, a significantly (p < 0.04) higher proportion and size of fast myosin heavy chain-II fiber type was observed in the treatment group. This study shows that PARP-inhibition with Talazoparib inhibits the progression of both muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration over 16 weeks in retracted sheep musculotendinous units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits G. L. Olthof
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Anita Hasler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Christian Gerber
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Rieke Gehrke
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Karina Klein
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Wieser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
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Pandi K, Angabo S, Makkawi H, Benyamini H, Elgavish S, Nussbaum G. P. gingivalis-Induced TLR2 Interactome Analysis Reveals Association with PARP9. J Dent Res 2024; 103:329-338. [PMID: 38344758 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231222181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium strongly associated with periodontal disease. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is indispensable for the host response to P. gingivalis, but P. gingivalis escapes from immune clearance via TLR2-dependent activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). To probe the TLR2-dependent escape pathway of P. gingivalis, we analyzed the TLR2 interactome induced following P. gingivalis infection or activation by a synthetic lipopeptide TLR2/1 agonist on human macrophages overexpressing TLR2. Interacting proteins were stabilized by cross-linking and then immunoprecipitated and analyzed by mass spectrometry. In total, 792 proteins were recovered and network analysis enabled mapping of the TLR2 interactome at baseline and in response to infection. The P. gingivalis infection-induced TLR2 interactome included the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family member mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase protein 9 (PARP9) and additional members of the PARP9 complex (DTX3L and NMI). PARP9 and its complex members are highly upregulated in macrophages exposed to P. gingivalis or to the synthetic TLR2/1 ligand Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (PAM). Consistent with its known role in virally induced interferon production, PARP9 knockdown blocked type I interferon (IFN-I) production in response to P. gingivalis and reduced inflammatory cytokine production. We found that P. gingivalis drives signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) 1 (S727) phosphorylation through TLR2-PARP9, explaining PARP9's role in the induction of IFN-I downstream of TLR2. Furthermore, PARP9 knockdown reduced PI3K activation by P. gingivalis, leading to improved macrophage bactericidal activity. In summary, PARP9 is a novel TLR2 interacting partner that enables IFN-I induction and P. gingivalis immune escape in macrophages downstream of TLR2 sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pandi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Angabo
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Makkawi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Nussbaum
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Li HR, Liu Q, Zhu CL, Sun XY, Sun CY, Yu CM, Li P, Deng XM, Wang JF. β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide activates NAD+/SIRT1 pathway and attenuates inflammatory and oxidative responses in the hippocampus regions of septic mice. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102745. [PMID: 37201414 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is one of the common serious complications in sepsis, and the pathogenesis of SAE remains unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to be downregulated in the hippocampus and SIRT1 agonists can attenuated the cognitive dysfunction in septic mice. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a key substrate to maintain the deacetylation activity of SIRT1. As an intermediate of NAD+, β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) has been reported to be promising in treating neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemic injury. Thus we sought to investigate the potential role of NMN in SAE treatment. The SAE model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in vivo, and neuroinflammation model was established with LPS-treated BV-2 cells in vitro. Memory impairment was assessed by Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. As a result, the levels of NAD+, SIRT1 and PGC-1α were significantly reduced in the hippocampus of septic mice, while the acetylation of total lysine, phosphorylation of P38 and P65 were enhanced. All these changes induced by sepsis were inverted by NMN. Treating with NMN resulted in improved behavior performance in the fear conditioning tests and Morris water maze. Apoptosis, inflammatory and oxidative responses in the hippocampus of septic mice were attenuated significantly after NMN administration. These protective effect of NMN against memory dysfunction, inflammatory and oxidative injuries were reversed by the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX-527. Similarly, LPS-induced activation of BV-2 cells were attenuated by NMN, EX-527 or SIRT1 knockdown could reverse such effect of NMN in vitro. In conclusion, NMN is protective against sepsis-induced memory dysfunction, and the inflammatory and oxidative injuries in the hippocampus region of septic mice. The NAD+/SIRT1 pathway might be involved in one of the mechanisms of the protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ru Li
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yan Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Meng Yu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Wen JJ, Dejesus JE, Radhakrishnan GL, Radhakrishnan RS. PARP1 Inhibition and Effect on Burn Injury-Induced Inflammatory Response and Cardiac Function. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 236:783-802. [PMID: 36728307 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn injury induces multiple signaling pathways leading to a significant inflammatory storm that adversely affects multiple organs, including the heart. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor 1 (PARP1) inhibition, with specific agents such as N-(5,6-Dihydro-6-oxo-2-phenanthridinyl)-2-acetamide (PJ34), is effective in reducing oxidative stress and cytokine expression in the heart. We hypothesized that PARP1 inhibition would reduce inflammatory signaling and protect against burn injury-induced cardiac dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old, 300 to 350 g) were randomly assigned to sham injury (Sham), 60% total body surface area burn (24 hours post burn), or 60% total body surface area burn with intraperitoneal administration of PJ34 (20 mg/kg, 24 hours post burn + PJ34) and sacrificed 24 hours after injury. Cardiac function was determined using Vevo 2100 echocardiography. Genetic expression of 84 specific toll-like receptor-mediated signal transduction and innate immunity genes were examined using microarray to evaluate cardiac tissue. Qiagen GeneGlobe Data Analysis Center was used to analyze expression, and genetic clustering was performed using TreeView V2.0.8 software. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to validate identified differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Burn injury significantly altered multiple genes in the toll-like receptor signaling, interleukin-17 signaling, tumor necrosis factor signaling, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways and led to significant cardiac dysfunction. PARP1 inhibition with PJ34 normalized these signaling pathways to sham levels as well as improved cardiac function to sham levels. CONCLUSIONS PARP1 inhibition normalizes multiple inflammatory pathways that are altered after burn injury and improves cardiac dysfunction. PARP1 pathway inhibition may provide a novel methodology to normalize multiple burn injury-induced inflammatory pathways in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Wen
- From the Departments of Surgery (Wen, Dejesus, RS Radhakrishnan), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Jana E Dejesus
- From the Departments of Surgery (Wen, Dejesus, RS Radhakrishnan), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Geetha L Radhakrishnan
- Pediatrics (GL Radhakrishnan, RS Radhakrishnan), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Ravi S Radhakrishnan
- From the Departments of Surgery (Wen, Dejesus, RS Radhakrishnan), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Pediatrics (GL Radhakrishnan, RS Radhakrishnan), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Rajawat J, Awasthi P, Banerjee M. PARP inhibitor olaparib induced differential protein expression in cervical cancer cells. J Proteomics 2023; 275:104823. [PMID: 36646275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors are a potential class of chemotherapeutic drugs but PARP inhibitor response has not been explored systematically. We lack a specific understanding of the subset of the proteome preferentially modified in various cancers by PARP inhibitors. Implications of PARP inhibitor and PARP1 in cervical cancer treatment and resistance are not fully elucidated. We conducted a mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of cervical cancer Hela cells treated with olaparib. We aimed to identify the alteration in the protein signaling pathway induced by PARP inhibitors beyond the DNA damage response pathway. Our data demonstrate a significant reduction in PARP activity and enhanced cell death after olaparib treatment. We further observed articulated proteomic changes with a significant enrichment of proteins in diverse cellular processes. The differentially expressed proteins were predominantly associated with RNA metabolism, mRNA splicing, processing, and RNA binding. Our data also identified proteins that could probably contribute to survival mechanisms resulting in resistance to PARP inhibitors. Hence, we put forth the overview of proteomic changes induced by PARP inhibitor olaparib in cervical cancer cells. This study highlights the significant proteins modified during PARP inhibition and thus could be a probable target for combination therapies with PARP inhibitors in cervical cancer. SIGNIFICANCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Rajawat
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, U.P, India
| | - Poorwa Awasthi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, U.P, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, U.P, India..
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Bonafé GA, dos Santos JS, Ziegler JV, Marson FAL, Rocha T, Ortega MM. Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate on Melanoma Cell Line: Inhibition of Cerebral Metastases Formation by Targeting NF-kB Genes-Mediating MicroRNA-4443 and MicroRNA-3620-Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate Effect on Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137251. [PMID: 35806253 PMCID: PMC9266887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural compound isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in vitro. Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), a dipotassium salt of GA, also has shown an anti-tumor effect on glioblastoma cell lines, U87MG and T98G. The study investigated the DPG effects in the melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28). MTT assay demonstrated that the viability of the cells was significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after DPG (IC50 = 36 mM; 24 h). DNA fragmentation suggested that DPG (IC50) induced cellular apoptosis, which was confirmed by a significant number of TUNEL-positive cells (p-value = 0.048) and by PARP-1 [0.55 vs. 1.02 arbitrary units (AUs), p-value = 0.001], BAX (1.91 vs. 1.05 AUs, p-value = 0.09), and BCL-2 (0.51 vs. 1.07 AUs, p-value = 0.0018) mRNA compared to control cells. The proliferation and wound-healing assays showed an anti-proliferative effect on DPG-IC50-treated cells, also indicating an inhibitory effect on cell migration (p-values < 0.001). Moreover, it was observed that DPG promoted a 100% reduction in melanospheres formation (p-value = 0.008). Our previous microRNAs (miRs) global analysis has revealed that DPG might increase miR-4443 and miR-3620 expression levels. Thus, qPCR showed that after DPG treatment, SK-MEL-28 cells presented significantly high miR-4443 (1.77 vs. 1.04 AUs, p-value = 0.02) and miR-3620 (2.30 vs. 1.00 AUs, p-value = 0.01) expression compared to control cells, which are predicted to target the NF-kB, CD209 and TNC genes, respectively. Both genes are responsible for cell attachment and migration, and qPCR revealed significantly decreased CD209 (1.01 vs. 0.54 AUs, p-value = 0.018) and TNC (1.00 vs. 0.31 AUs, p-value = 2.38 × 10−6) mRNA expression levels after DPG compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, the migration of SK-MEL-28 cells stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was attenuated by adding DPG by wound-healing assay (48 h: p-value = 0.004; 72 h: p-value = 7.0 × 10−4). In addition, the MMP-9 expression level was inhibited by DPG in melanoma cells stimulated by TPA and compared to TPA-treated cells (3.56 vs. 0.99 AUs, p-value = 0.0016) after 24 h of treatment. Our results suggested that DPG has an apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effect on SK-MEL-28 cells. DPG was also able to inhibit cancer stem-like cells that may cause cerebral tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alves Bonafé
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.A.B.); (J.S.d.S.); (F.A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.A.B.); (J.S.d.S.); (F.A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.A.B.); (J.S.d.S.); (F.A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Sorocaba 05014-901, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.A.B.); (J.S.d.S.); (F.A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2454-8471
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Han D, Zhang C. The Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Mechanisms in GERD-Induced Barrett's Esophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:885537. [PMID: 35721515 PMCID: PMC9199966 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.885537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is a major complication of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and an important precursor lesion for the development of Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Barrett's metaplasia remain unclear. Inflammation-associated oxidative DNA damage could contribute to Barrett's esophagus. It has been demonstrated that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs)-associated with ADP-ribosylation plays an important role in DNA damage and inflammatory response. A previous study indicated that there is inflammatory infiltration and oxidative DNA damage in the lower esophagus due to acid/bile reflux, and gastric acid could induce DNA damage in culture esophageal cells. This review will discuss the mechanisms of Barrett's metaplasia and adenocarcinoma underlying oxidative DNA damage in gastro-esophageal reflux disease patients based on recent clinical and basic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Han
- Department of General Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Wang Y, Pleasure D, Deng W, Guo F. Therapeutic Potentials of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) Inhibition in Multiple Sclerosis and Animal Models: Concept Revisiting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102853. [PMID: 34935305 PMCID: PMC8844485 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a fundamental role in DNA repair and gene expression. Excessive PARP1 hyperactivation, however, has been associated with cell death. PARP1 and/or its activity are dysregulated in the immune and central nervous system of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and animal models. Pharmacological PARP1 inhibition is shown to be protective against immune activation and disease severity in MS animal models while genetic PARP1 deficiency studies reported discrepant results. The inconsistency suggests that the function of PARP1 and PARP1-mediated PARylation may be complex and context-dependent. The article reviews PARP1 functions, discusses experimental findings and possible interpretations of PARP1 in inflammation, neuronal/axonal degeneration, and oligodendrogliopathy, three major pathological components cooperatively determining MS disease course and neurological progression, and points out future research directions. Cell type specific PARP1 manipulations are necessary for revisiting the role of PARP1 in the three pathological components prior to moving PARP1 inhibition into clinical trials for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
| | - David Pleasure
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
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11
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Septembre-Malaterre A, Boumendjel A, Seteyen ALS, Boina C, Gasque P, Guiraud P, Sélambarom J. Focus on the high therapeutic potentials of quercetin and its derivatives. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100220. [PMID: 35403087 PMCID: PMC8759805 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols and particularly flavonoids are of constant interest to the scientific community. Flavonoids are investigated for their biological and pharmacological purposes, notably as antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral and for their anti-inflammatory activities. Certainly, one of the best-known flavonols recognized for its therapeutic and preventive properties, is quercetin. Despite its biological interest, quercetin suffer from some drawbacks, mainly related to its bioavailability. Hence, its synthetic or biosynthetic derivatives have been the subject of intensive research. The health-promoting biological activities of flavonols and derivatives mainly arise from their capacity to disrupt the host-pathogen interactions and/or to regulate host cellular functions including oxidative processes and immunological responses. In the age of coronavirus pandemic, the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential of flavonols should be put forward to explore these substances for decreasing the viral load and inflammatory storm caused by the infection. PURPOSE OF STUDY The present review will decipher and discuss the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral capacities of major flavonol with a focus on the molecular basis and structure-activity relationships. STUDY DESIGN Current study used a combination of quercetin derivatives, pathway, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral activities as keywords to retrieve the literature. This study critically reviewed the current literature and presented the ability of natural analogs of quercetin having superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects than the original molecule. RESULTS This review allowed the identification of relevant key structure-activity relationship elements and highlight approaches on the mechanisms governing the antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Through a critical analysis of the literature, flavonols and more precisely quercetin derivatives reviewed and found to act simultaneously on inflammation, virus and oxidative stress, three key factors that may lead to life threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Sandenon Seteyen
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Chailas Boina
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Jimmy Sélambarom
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
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12
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Kumar V, Kumar A, Mir KUI, Yadav V, Chauhan SS. Pleiotropic role of PARP1: an overview. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 34926116 PMCID: PMC8643375 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) protein is encoded by the PARP1 gene located on chromosome 1 (1q42.12) in human cells. It plays a crucial role in post-translational modification by adding poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) groups to various proteins and PARP1 itself by utilizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) as a substrate. Since the discovery of PARP1, its role in DNA repair and cell death has been its identity. This is evident from an overwhelmingly high number of scientific reports in this regard. However, PARP1 also plays critical roles in inflammation, metabolism, tumor development and progression, chromatin modification and transcription, mRNA stability, and alternative splicing. In the present study, we attempted to compile all the scattered scientific information about this molecule, including the structure and multifunctional role of PARP1 in cancer and non-cancer diseases, along with PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis). Furthermore, for the first time, we have classified PARP1-mediated cell death for ease of understanding its role in cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Khursheed Ul Islam Mir
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Yadav
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Singh Chauhan
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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van Doorn CLR, Steenbergen SAM, Walburg KV, Ottenhoff THM. Pharmacological Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors Decrease Mycobacterium tuberculosis Survival in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712021. [PMID: 34899683 PMCID: PMC8662539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellites (DM) is correlated with increased susceptibility to and disease progression of tuberculosis (TB), and strongly impairs effective global TB control measures. To better control the TB-DM co-epidemic, unravelling the bidirectional interactivity between DM-associated molecular processes and immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is urgently required. Since poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation has been associated with DM and with Mtb infection in mouse models, we have investigated whether PARP inhibition by pharmacological compounds can interfere with host protection against Mtb in human macrophage subsets, the predominant target cell of Mtb. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP decreased intracellular Mtb and MDR-Mtb levels in human macrophages, identifying PARP as a potential target for host-directed therapy against Mtb. PARP inhibition was associated with modified chemokine secretion and upregulation of cell surface activation markers by human macrophages. Targeting LDH, a secondary target of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib, resulted in decreased intracellular Mtb, suggesting a metabolic role in rucaparib-induced control of Mtb. We conclude that pharmacological inhibition of PARP is a potential novel strategy in developing innovative host-directed therapies against intracellular bacterial infections.
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14
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Brown EE, Scandura MJ, Mehrotra S, Wang Y, Du J, Pierce EA. Reduced nuclear NAD+ drives DNA damage and subsequent immune activation in the retina. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1370-1388. [PMID: 34750622 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in NMNAT1, a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of NAD+ in the nucleus, lead to an early onset severe inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). We aimed to understand the role of nuclear NAD+ in the retina and to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying NMNAT1-associated disease, using a mouse model that harbors the p.V9M mutation in Nmnat1 (Nmnat1V9M/V9M). We identified temporal transcriptional reprogramming in the retinas of Nmnat1V9M/V9M mice prior to retinal degeneration, which begins at 4 weeks of age, with no significant alterations in gene expression at 2 weeks of age and over 2600 differentially expressed genes by 3 weeks of age. Expression of the primary consumer of NAD+ in the nucleus, PARP1, an enzyme involved in DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation, as well as 7 other PARP family enzymes, was elevated in the retinas of Nmnat1V9M/V9M. This was associated with elevated levels of DNA damage, PARP-mediated NAD+ consumption, and migration of Iba1+/CD45+ microglia/macrophages to the subretinal space in the retinas of Nmnat1V9M/V9M mice. These findings suggest that photoreceptor cells are especially sensitive to perturbation of genome homeostasis, and that PARP-mediated cell death may play a role in other genetic forms of IRDs, and potentially other forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Brown
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michael J Scandura
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sudeep Mehrotra
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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15
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Demény MA, Virág L. The PARP Enzyme Family and the Hallmarks of Cancer Part 1. Cell Intrinsic Hallmarks. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092042. [PMID: 33922595 PMCID: PMC8122967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 17-member poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme family, also known as the ADP-ribosyl transferase diphtheria toxin-like (ARTD) enzyme family, contains DNA damage-responsive and nonresponsive members. Only PARP1, 2, 5a, and 5b are capable of modifying their targets with poly ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers; the other PARP family members function as mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases. In the last decade, PARP1 has taken center stage in oncology treatments. New PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been introduced for the targeted treatment of breast cancer 1 or 2 (BRCA1/2)-deficient ovarian and breast cancers, and this novel therapy represents the prototype of the synthetic lethality paradigm. Much less attention has been paid to other PARPs and their potential roles in cancer biology. In this review, we summarize the roles played by all PARP enzyme family members in six intrinsic hallmarks of cancer: uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, cell death resistance, genome instability, reprogrammed energy metabolism, and escape from replicative senescence. In a companion paper, we will discuss the roles of PARP enzymes in cancer hallmarks related to cancer-host interactions, including angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, evasion of the anticancer immune response, and tumor-promoting inflammation. While PARP1 is clearly involved in all ten cancer hallmarks, an increasing body of evidence supports the role of other PARPs in modifying these cancer hallmarks (e.g., PARP5a and 5b in replicative immortality and PARP2 in cancer metabolism). We also highlight controversies, open questions, and discuss prospects of recent developments related to the wide range of roles played by PARPs in cancer biology. Some of the summarized findings may explain resistance to PARPi therapy or highlight novel biological roles of PARPs that can be therapeutically exploited in novel anticancer treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté A. Demény
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.); (L.V.)
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.); (L.V.)
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16
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Mavian C, Ramirez-Mata AS, Dollar JJ, Nolan DJ, Cash M, White K, Rich SN, Magalis BR, Marini S, Prosperi MCF, Amador DM, Riva A, Williams KC, Salemi M. Brain tissue transcriptomic analysis of SIV-infected macaques identifies several altered metabolic pathways linked to neuropathogenesis and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) as potential therapeutic targets. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:101-115. [PMID: 33405206 PMCID: PMC7786889 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent in subjects undergoing therapy. HAND significantly affects individuals' quality of life, as well as adherence to therapy, and, despite the increasing understanding of neuropathogenesis, no definitive diagnostic or prognostic marker has been identified. We investigated transcriptomic profiles in frontal cortex tissues of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected Rhesus macaques sacrificed at different stages of infection. Gene expression was compared among SIV-infected animals (n = 11), with or without CD8+ lymphocyte depletion, based on detectable (n = 6) or non-detectable (n = 5) presence of the virus in frontal cortex tissues. Significant enrichment in activation of monocyte and macrophage cellular pathways was found in animals with detectable brain infection, independently from CD8+ lymphocyte depletion. In addition, transcripts of four poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) were up-regulated in the frontal cortex, which was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results shed light on involvement of PARPs in SIV infection of the brain and their role in SIV-associated neurodegenerative processes. Inhibition of PARPs may provide an effective novel therapeutic target for HIV-related neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mavian
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Andrea S Ramirez-Mata
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James Jarad Dollar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David J Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Cash
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin White
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shannan N Rich
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, MD, USA
| | - Brittany Rife Magalis
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Simone Marini
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, MD, USA
| | - Mattia C F Prosperi
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, MD, USA
| | - David Moraga Amador
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alberto Riva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth C Williams
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marco Salemi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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17
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Curtin NJ, Szabo C. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition: past, present and future. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:711-736. [PMID: 32884152 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The process of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and the major enzyme that catalyses this reaction, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), were discovered more than 50 years ago. Since then, advances in our understanding of the roles of PARP1 in cellular processes such as DNA repair, gene transcription and cell death have allowed the investigation of therapeutic PARP inhibition for a variety of diseases - particularly cancers in which defects in DNA repair pathways make tumour cells highly sensitive to the inhibition of PARP activity. Efforts to identify and evaluate potent PARP inhibitors have so far led to the regulatory approval of four PARP inhibitors for the treatment of several types of cancer, and PARP inhibitors have also shown therapeutic potential in treating non-oncological diseases. This Review provides a timeline of PARP biology and medicinal chemistry, summarizes the pathophysiological processes in which PARP plays a role and highlights key opportunities and challenges in the field, such as counteracting PARP inhibitor resistance during cancer therapy and repurposing PARP inhibitors for the treatment of non-oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Curtin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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18
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Dash S, Balasubramaniam M, Martínez-Rivera FJ, Godino A, Peck EG, Patnaik S, Suar M, Calipari ES, Nestler EJ, Villalta F, Dash C, Pandhare J. Cocaine-regulated microRNA miR-124 controls poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 expression in neuronal cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11197. [PMID: 32641757 PMCID: PMC7343862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-124 is a highly expressed miRNA in the brain and regulates genes involved in neuronal function. We report that miR-124 post-transcriptionally regulates PARP-1. We have identified a highly conserved binding site of miR-124 in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of Parp-1 mRNA. We demonstrate that miR-124 directly binds to the Parp-1 3'UTR and mutations in the seed sequences abrogate binding between the two RNA molecules. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-124 post-transcriptionally regulates Parp-1 3'UTR activity in a dopaminergic neuronal cell model. Interestingly, the binding region of miR-124 in Parp-1 3'UTR overlapped with the target sequence of miR-125b, another post-transcriptional regulator of Parp-1. Our results from titration and pull-down studies revealed that miR-124 binds to Parp-1 3'UTR with greater affinity and confers a dominant post-transcriptional inhibition compared to miR-125b. Interestingly, acute or chronic cocaine exposure downregulated miR-124 levels concomitant with upregulation of PARP-1 protein in dopaminergic-like neuronal cells in culture. Levels of miR-124 were also downregulated upon acute or chronic cocaine exposure in the mouse nucleus accumbens (NAc)-a key reward region of brain. Time-course studies revealed that cocaine treatment persistently downregulated miR-124 in NAc. Consistent with this finding, miR-124 expression was also significantly reduced in the NAc of animals conditioned for cocaine place preference. Collectively, these studies identify Parp-1 as a direct target of miR-124 in neuronal cells, establish miR-124 as a cocaine-regulated miRNA in the mouse NAc, and highlight a novel pathway underlying the molecular effects of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Dash
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Old Hospital Bldg-CAHDR, Room 5023, 1005 Dr. DB Todd Jr Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Old Hospital Bldg-CAHDR, Room 5023, 1005 Dr. DB Todd Jr Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Freddyson J Martínez-Rivera
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily G Peck
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Fernando Villalta
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Old Hospital Bldg-CAHDR, Room 5023, 1005 Dr. DB Todd Jr Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Old Hospital Bldg-CAHDR, Room 5023, 1005 Dr. DB Todd Jr Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
| | - Jui Pandhare
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Old Hospital Bldg-CAHDR, Room 5023, 1005 Dr. DB Todd Jr Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
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19
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The Progressive Mutagenic Effects of Acidic Bile Refluxate in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis: New Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051064. [PMID: 32344873 PMCID: PMC7281001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the laryngopharynx represent the most devastating of the head and neck malignancies and additional risk factors are now epidemiologically linked to this disease. Using an in vivo model (Mus musculus C57Bl/6J), we provide novel evidence that acidic bile (pH 3.0) progressively promotes invasive cancer in the hypopharynx. Malignant lesions are characterized by increasing: i) oxidative DNA-damage, ii) γH2AX expression, iii) NF-κB activation, and iv) p53 expression. Histopathological changes observed in murine hypopharyngeal mucosa exposed to acidic bile were preceded by the overexpression of Tnf, Il6, Bcl2, Egfr, Rela, Stat3, and the deregulation of miR-21, miR-155, miR-192, miR-34a, miR-375, and miR-451a. This is the first study to document that acidic bile is carcinogenic in the upper aerodigestive tract. We showed that oxidative DNA-damage produced by acidic bile in combination with NF-κB-related anti-apoptotic deregulation further supports the underlying two-hit hypothesized mechanism. Just as importantly, we reproduced the role of several biomarkers of progression that served as valuable indicators of early neoplasia in our experimental model. These findings provide a sound basis for proposing translational studies in humans by exposing new opportunities for early detection and prevention.
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20
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Pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by olaparib, prevents acute lung injury associated cognitive deficits potentially through suppression of inflammatory response. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 877:173091. [PMID: 32234526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) has been reported to be associated with high mortality rate. Moreover, ALI survivors, frequently present chronic cognitive deterioration. We have previously shown that 'two hit' (hydrochloric acid + lipopolysaccharide) induced ALI resulted in cognitive dysfunction through the induction of systemic inflammation. The present study was designed to explore the potential anti-inflammatory effects of olaparib (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 inhibitor), on ALI mediated cognitive impairment. Olaparib was administered at dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (i.p.) 30 min before each hit. Data show that olaparib pre-treatment markedly reduced the neutrophil infiltration, alveolar capillary damage, inflammatory cytokines level (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6) and oxidative stress in the lungs at 24 h after ALI induction. Also, olaparib pre-treatment ameliorated the ALI associated cognitive impairment as assessed by Morris water maze test on weekly basis for 2 consecutive weeks. Further, restoration of cognitive function was associated with normalization of serum levels of TNF-α/IL-1β and improved the blood brain barrier (BBB) function, as reflected by data on expression of occludin/claudin-5 and extravasation of Evans-blue/FITC dextran in hippocampus at 1 week post injury. Finally, increased mRNA expression of VCAM-1, TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB activation in hippocampus indicate induction of neuro-inflammation, which was downregulated upon olaparib administration. Further, olaparib treatment 1 week after ALI induction blunted the systemic inflammation which was associated with improved BBB and cognitive function. Altogether, our results showed that olaparib protects against ALI and associated cognitive deficits in mice, and thus may offer a new treatment avenue in the area.
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21
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Fehr AR, Singh SA, Kerr CM, Mukai S, Higashi H, Aikawa M. The impact of PARPs and ADP-ribosylation on inflammation and host-pathogen interactions. Genes Dev 2020; 34:341-359. [PMID: 32029454 PMCID: PMC7050484 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334425.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerases (PARPs) promote ADP-ribosylation, a highly conserved, fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM). PARP catalytic domains transfer the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD+ to amino acid residues of target proteins, leading to mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation or PARylation). This PTM regulates various key biological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on the roles of the PARP family members in inflammation and host-pathogen interactions. Here we give an overview the current understanding of the mechanisms by which PARPs promote or suppress proinflammatory activation of macrophages, and various roles PARPs play in virus infections. We also demonstrate how innovative technologies, such as proteomics and systems biology, help to advance this research field and describe unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Catherine M Kerr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Shin Mukai
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
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22
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Banerjee J, Lodhi N, Nguyen BN. The Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 in Cutaneous Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:634-643. [PMID: 31750014 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical Issue: Chronic nonhealing wounds of the lower extremities resulting in major amputations are a major health problem worldwide. Significance: Diabetes and ischemia are two major etiologies of nonhealing wounds of the lower extremities. Hyperglycemia from diabetes and oxidative stress from ischemia activate polyadenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), which is a nuclear enzyme that is best known for its role in DNA repair. However, the exact function of PARP-1 in ischemic/diabetic wound healing has not been well studied. Recent Advances: Poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymer has been detected in the wound bed and many of the PARylation-related reactions (oxidative stress response, expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, cell proliferation, and migration) are important in the wound healing process. However, the role of PARP-1 in wound healing and the potential of targeting PARP-1 therapeutically in wounds are only recently being elucidated, with much still unknown. This review summarizes the recent advances in this field, highlighting some of the mechanisms through which PARP-1 may affect normal wound closure. Future Directions: The review also presents a perspective on some of the downstream targets of PARP-1 that may be explored for their role in wound healing and discusses about the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitors for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Banerjee
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Niraj Lodhi
- Department of Biomedical Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Bao-Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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23
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Host poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) in acute and chronic bacterial infections. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:423-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Song SB, Park JS, Chung GJ, Lee IH, Hwang ES. Diverse therapeutic efficacies and more diverse mechanisms of nicotinamide. Metabolomics 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31587111 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many diseases and conditions. The target conditions are incredibly diverse ranging from skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid to schizophrenia and depression and even AIDS. Similar diversity is expected for the underlying mechanisms. In a large portion of the conditions, NAM conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be a major factor in its efficacy. The augmentation of cellular NAD+ level not only modulates mitochondrial production of ATP and superoxide, but also activates many enzymes. Activated sirtuin proteins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, play important roles in many of NAM's effects such as an increase in mitochondrial quality and cell viability countering neuronal damages and metabolic diseases. Meanwhile, certain observed effects are mediated by NAM itself. However, our understanding on the mechanisms of NAM's effects is limited to those involving certain key proteins and may even be inaccurate in some proposed cases. AIM OF REVIEW This review details the conditions that NAM has been shown to or is expected to effectively treat in humans and animals and evaluates the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms, with the intention of promoting wider, safe therapeutic application of NAM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NAM, by itself or through altering metabolic balance of NAD+ and tryptophan, modulates mitochondrial function and activities of many molecules and thereby positively affects cell viability and metabolic functions. And, NAM administration appears to be quite safe with limited possibility of side effects which are related to NAM's metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu June Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. A central mechanism by which ageing promotes vascular pathologies is compromising endothelial health. The age-related attenuation of endothelium-dependent dilator responses (endothelial dysfunction) associated with impairment of angiogenic processes and the subsequent pathological remodelling of the microcirculation contribute to compromised tissue perfusion and exacerbate functional decline in older individuals. This Review focuses on cellular, molecular, and functional changes that occur in the endothelium during ageing. We explore the links between oxidative and nitrative stress and the conserved molecular pathways affecting endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis during ageing. We also speculate on how these pathological processes could be therapeutically targeted. An improved understanding of endothelial biology in older patients is crucial for all cardiologists because maintenance of a competently functioning endothelium is critical for adequate tissue perfusion and long-term cardiac health.
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26
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Wang C, Xu W, An J, Liang M, Li Y, Zhang F, Tong Q, Huang K. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 accelerates vascular calcification by upregulating Runx2. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1203. [PMID: 30867423 PMCID: PMC6416341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in end-stage renal diseases and is predictive of cardiovascular events and mortality. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition or deletion is vasoprotective in several disease models. Here we show that PARP activity is increased in radial artery samples from patients with chronic renal failure, in arteries from uraemic rats, and in calcified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. PARP1 deficiency blocks, whereas PARP1 overexpression exacerbates, the transdifferentiation of VSMCs from a contractile to an osteogenic phenotype, the expression of mineralization-regulating proteins, and calcium deposition. PARP1 promotes Runx2 expression, and Runx2 deficiency offsets the pro-calcifying effects of PARP1. Activated PARP1 suppresses miRNA-204 expression via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway and thus relieves the repression of its target, Runx2, resulting in increased Runx2 protein. Together, these results suggest that PARP1 counteracts vascular calcification and that therapeutic agents that influence PARP1 activity may be of benefit to treat vascular calcification. Vascular calcification is a hallmark of end stage renal disease. Here, Cheng et al. show that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity is increased in calcified arteries in patients and uremic rats, and that PARP1 promotes vascular calcification by suppressing miR-204 expression via IL-6/STAT3 signaling, thus relieving repression of the osteogenic regulator Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie An
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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27
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Kunze FA, Bauer M, Komuczki J, Lanzinger M, Gunasekera K, Hopp AK, Lehmann M, Becher B, Müller A, Hottiger MO. ARTD1 in Myeloid Cells Controls the IL-12/18-IFN-γ Axis in a Model of Sterile Sepsis, Chronic Bacterial Infection, and Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1406-1416. [PMID: 30674576 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient for ADP-ribosyltransferase diphteria toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) are protected against microbially induced inflammation. To address the contribution of ARTD1 to inflammation specifically in myeloid cells, we generated an Artd1ΔMyel mouse strain with conditional ARTD1 deficiency in myeloid lineages and examined the strain in three disease models. We found that ARTD1, but not its enzymatic activity, enhanced the transcriptional activation of distinct LPS-induced genes that included IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6 in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and LPS-induced IL-12/18-IFN-γ signaling in Artd1ΔMyel mice. The loss of Artd1 in myeloid cells also reduced the TH1 response to Helicobacter pylori and impaired immune control of the bacteria. Furthermore, Artd1ΔMyel mice failed to control tumor growth in a s.c. MC-38 model of colon cancer, which could be attributed to reduced TH1 and CD8 responses. Together, these data provide strong evidence for a cell-intrinsic role of ARTD1 in myeloid cells that is independent of its enzymatic activity and promotes type I immunity by promoting IL-12/18 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich A Kunze
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Komuczki
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Margit Lanzinger
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Kapila Gunasekera
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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28
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Regulating Immunity via ADP-Ribosylation: Therapeutic Implications and Beyond. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:159-173. [PMID: 30658897 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Upon binding, PAMPs/DAMPs can initiate an immune response by activating lymphocytes, amplifying and modulating signaling cascades, and inducing appropriate effector responses. Protein ADP-ribosylation can regulate cell death, the release of DAMPs, as well as inflammatory cytokine expression. Inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation (i.e. PARP inhibitors) have been developed as therapeutic agents (in cancer), and are also able to dampen inflammation. We summarize here our most recent understanding of how ADP-ribosylation can regulate the different phases of an immune response. Moreover, we examine the potential clinical translation of pharmacological ADP-ribosylation inhibitors as putative treatment strategies for various inflammation-associated diseases (e.g. sepsis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and reperfusion injury).
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29
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Horvat L, Antica M, Matulić M. Effect of Notch and PARP Pathways' Inhibition in Leukemic Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060058. [PMID: 29903986 PMCID: PMC6025460 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of blood cells is one of the most complex processes in the body. It is regulated by the action of transcription factors in time and space which creates a specific signaling network. In the hematopoietic signaling system, Notch is one of the main regulators of lymphocyte development. The aim of this study was to get insight into the regulation of Notch signalization and the influence of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) activity on this process in three leukemia cell lines obtained from B and T cells. PARP1 is an enzyme involved in posttranslational protein modification and chromatin structure changes. B and T leukemia cells were treated with Notch and PARP inhibitors, alone or in combination, for a prolonged period. The cells did not show cell proliferation arrest or apoptosis. Analysis of gene and protein expression set involved in Notch and PARP pathways revealed increase in JAGGED1 expression after PARP1 inhibition in B cell lines and changes in Ikaros family members in both B and T cell lines after γ-secretase inhibition. These data indicate that Notch and PARP inhibition, although not inducing differentiation in leukemia cells, induce changes in signaling circuits and chromatin modelling factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mariastefania Antica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Matulić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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30
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Cseh AM, Fábián Z, Sümegi B, Scorrano L. Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as therapeutic target: lessons learned from its inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50221-50239. [PMID: 28430591 PMCID: PMC5564845 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases are a family of DNA-dependent nuclear enzymes catalyzing the transfer of ADP-ribose moieties from cellular nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide to a variety of target proteins. Although they have been considered as resident nuclear elements of the DNA repair machinery, recent works revealed a more intricate physiologic role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with numerous extranuclear activities. Indeed, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases participate in fundamental cellular processes like chromatin remodelling, transcription or regulation of the cell-cycle. These new insight into the physiologic roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases widens the range of human pathologies in which pharmacologic inhibition of these enzymes might have a therapeutic potential. Here, we overview our current knowledge on extranuclear functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with a particular focus on the mitochondrial ones and discuss potential fields of future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mária Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zsolt Fábián
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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31
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Boscutti G, Nardon C, Marchiò L, Crisma M, Biondi B, Dalzoppo D, Dalla Via L, Formaggio F, Casini A, Fregona D. Anticancer Gold(III) Peptidomimetics: From Synthesis to in vitro and ex vivo Biological Evaluations. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1131-1145. [PMID: 29570944 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Five new AuIII -peptidodithiocarbamato complexes of the type [AuIII Br2 (dtc-AA1 -AA2 -OR] (in which AA1 =N-methylglycine (Sar), l/d-Pro; AA2 =l/d-Ala, α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib); R=OtBu, triethylene glycol methyl ether), differing with regard to the amino acid sequence and/or the chiral amino acid configuration, were designed to enhance tumor selectivity and bioavailability. The gold(III)-based moiety was functionalized to exploit the targeting properties of the peptidomimetic ligand toward two peptide transporters (namely PEPT1 and PEPT2), which are upregulated in several tumor cells. The compounds were synthesized and fully characterized, mainly by means of elemental analysis, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The crystal structures of three compounds were also solved by X-ray diffraction. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using a panel of human tumor cell lines (A549 [non-small-cell lung carcinoma], MCF-7 [breast cancer], A2780 [ovarian carcinoma], H1975 [non-small-cell lung carcinoma], H460 [large-cell lung carcinoma], and A431 [human epidermoid carcinoma]) showed the dtc-Pro-Aib-OtBu derivative to be very effective, with GI50 values much lower than those of cisplatin. This complex was thus selected for evaluating stability under physiological conditions and possible interactions with serum albumin, as well in PARP-1 enzyme inhibition assays and preliminary ex vivo toxicity experiments on healthy rat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Boscutti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Nardon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43121, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Dalzoppo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK.,Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 GV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolores Fregona
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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32
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YENER Y, YERLİKAYA FH. Western diet induces endogen oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage and infl ammation in Wistar rats. REV NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652018000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Nutritional diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorder, chronic inflammation or even cancer are observed in people who sustain their lifestyle by Western diet due to high calorie intake. The origin of these diseases are the degraded deoxyribonucleic acid structure. In this study, we investigated whether Western diet produced endogenous oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage, apoptosis or inflammation. Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats, aged 10-12 weeks, were divided into four groups. The rats in control group received the standard diet and the remaining rats were given one of the following three diets for four weeks: a high-fat diet containing 35% fat, a high-sucrose diet containing 69% sucrose and Western diet comprising both two types of diets. After treatment the serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1, chitinase-3-like protein 1, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Fas ligand and cytochrome c levels were measured. Results It was observed no changes in the serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Fas ligand and cytochrome c levels whereas a statistically significant increase in the serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1 and chitinase-3-like protein 1 levels were found only in rats that were given Western diet. Conclusion The findings show that Western diet produced endogenous oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage, which then increased serum poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1 levels, eventually leading to inflammation.
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Wielgos ME, Zhang Z, Rajbhandari R, Cooper TS, Zeng L, Forero A, Esteva FJ, Osborne CK, Schiff R, LoBuglio AF, Nozell SE, Yang ES. Trastuzumab-Resistant HER2 + Breast Cancer Cells Retain Sensitivity to Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:921-930. [PMID: 29592880 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
HER2-targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab, have increased the survival rates of HER2+ breast cancer patients. However, despite these therapies, many tumors eventually develop resistance to these therapies. Our lab previously reported an unexpected sensitivity of HER2+ breast cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), agents that target homologous recombination (HR)-deficient tumors, independent of a DNA repair deficiency. In this study, we investigated whether HER2+ trastuzumab-resistant (TR) breast cancer cells were susceptible to PARPi and the mechanism behind PARPi induced cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that the PARPi ABT-888 (veliparib) decreased cell survival in vitro and tumor growth in vivo of HER2+ TR breast cancer cells. PARP-1 siRNA confirmed that cytotoxicity was due, in part, to PARP-1 inhibition. Furthermore, PARP-1 silencing had variable effects on the expression of several NF-κB-regulated genes. In particular, silencing PARP-1 inhibited NF-κB activity and reduced p65 binding at the IL8 promoter, which resulted in a decrease in IL8 mRNA and protein expression. Our results provide insight in the potential mechanism by which PARPi induces cytotoxicity in HER2+ breast cancer cells and support the testing of PARPi in patients with HER2+ breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 921-30. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E Wielgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rajani Rajbhandari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tiffiny S Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andres Forero
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Francisco J Esteva
- Breast Medical Oncology Program, NYU Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Albert F LoBuglio
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Susan E Nozell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Zhang C, Ma T, Luo T, Li A, Gao X, Wang ZG, Li F. Dysregulation of PARP1 is involved in development of Barrett's esophagus. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:982-991. [PMID: 29531462 PMCID: PMC5840473 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i9.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in the development of Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS A BE mouse model was established to examine the esophageal morphological changes and molecular changes. Microarray analysis was performed to compare the gene expression profiles between BE patients and healthy controls. qPCR was used to examine the PARP1 expression in cell lines after treatment with H2O2 and bile acids (pH 4). Immunofluorescence staining, comet assay, and annexin V staining were used to evaluate the impact of PARP1 activity on cell survival and DNA damage response after oxidative stress. RESULTS The gene expression profile in normal and BE esophageal epithelial cells showed that PARP1, the major poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, was overexpressed in BE. In the mouse model of BE, positive staining for NF-κB, γH2AX, and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) was observed. H2O2 and bile acids (pH 4) increased the PARP1 mRNA expression level in normal esophageal epithelial cells. Using shRNA-PARP1 to suppress PARP1 activity decreased the cell viability after treatment with H2O2 and bile acids (pH 4), and increased the oxidative damage as demonstrated by an increase in the levels of H2O2, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, double-strand breaks, and apoptosis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The dysfunction of PARP1 in esophageal epithelial cells increases the levels of ROS and oxidative DNA damage, which could be common risk factors for BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhong-Gao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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de Jong MRW, Visser L, Huls G, Diepstra A, van Vugt M, Ammatuna E, van Rijn RS, Vellenga E, van den Berg A, Fehrmann RSN, van Meerten T. Identification of relevant drugable targets in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using a genome-wide unbiased CD20 guilt-by association approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193098. [PMID: 29489886 PMCID: PMC5831110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty percent of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) show resistant disease to standard chemotherapy (CHOP) in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (R). Although many new anti-cancer drugs were developed in the last years, it is unclear which of these drugs can be safely combined to improve standard therapy without antagonizing anti-CD20 efficacy. In this study, we aimed to identify rituximab compatible drug-target combinations for DLBCL. For this, we collected gene expression profiles of 1,804 DLBCL patient samples. Subsequently, we performed a guilt-by-association analysis with MS4A1 (CD20) and prioritized the 500 top-ranked CD20-associated gene probes for drug-target interactions. This analysis showed the well-known genes involved in DLBCL pathobiology, but also revealed several genes that are relatively unknown in DLBCL, such as WEE1 and PARP1. To demonstrate potential clinical relevance of these targets, we confirmed high protein expression of WEE1 and PARP1 in patient samples. Using clinically approved WEE1 and PARP1 inhibiting drugs in combination with rituximab, we demonstrated significantly improved DLBCL cell killing, also in rituximab-insensitive cell lines. In conclusion, as exemplified by WEE1 and PARP1, our CD20-based genome-wide analysis can be used as an approach to identify biological relevant drug-targets that are rituximab compatible and may be implemented in phase 1/2 clinical trials to improve DLBCL treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/genetics
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/metabolism
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Vincristine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R. W. de Jong
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf S. N. Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Kamal AHM, Fessler MB, Chowdhury SM. Comparative and network-based proteomic analysis of low dose ethanol- and lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193104. [PMID: 29481576 PMCID: PMC5826526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are specialized phagocytes that play an essential role in inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair. Profiling the global proteomic response of macrophages to microbial molecules such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide is key to understanding fundamental mechanisms of inflammatory disease. Ethanol is a widely abused substance that has complex effects on inflammation. Reports have indicated that ethanol can activate or inhibit the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like Receptor 4, in different settings, with important consequences for liver and neurologic inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To profile the sequential effect of low dose ethanol and lipopolysaccharide on macrophages, a gel-free proteomic technique was applied to RAW 264.7 macrophages. Five hundred four differentially expressed proteins were identified and quantified with high confidence using ≥ 5 peptide spectral matches. Among these, 319 proteins were shared across all treatment conditions, and 69 proteins were exclusively identified in ethanol-treated or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. The interactive impact of ethanol and lipopolysaccharide on the macrophage proteome was evaluated using bioinformatics tools, enabling identification of differentially responsive proteins, protein interaction networks, disease- and function-based networks, canonical pathways, and upstream regulators. Five candidate protein coding genes (PGM2, ISYNA1, PARP1, and PSAP) were further validated by qRT-PCR that mostly related to glucose metabolism and fatty acid synthesis pathways. Taken together, this study describes for the first time at a systems level the interaction between ethanol and lipopolysaccharide in the proteomic programming of macrophages, and offers new mechanistic insights into the biology that may underlie the impact of ethanol on infectious and inflammatory disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hena M. Kamal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Saiful M. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
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El-Sheikh MM, El-Hazek RM, El-Khatib AS, El-Ghazaly MA. Anti-apoptotic effect of 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, against multiple organ damage induced by gamma irradiation in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 94:45-53. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1408977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. El-Sheikh
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. El-Hazek
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aiman S. El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aieny, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A. El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Induction by Cocaine Is Post-Transcriptionally Regulated by miR-125b. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0089-17. [PMID: 28828398 PMCID: PMC5562297 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0089-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine exposure alters gene expression in the brain via methylation and acetylation of histones along with methylation of DNA. Recently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) catalyzed PARylation has been reported as an important regulator of cocaine-mediated gene expression. In this study, we report that the cellular microRNA “miR-125b” plays a key role for cocaine-induced PARP-1 expression. Acute and chronic cocaine exposure resulted in the downregulation of miR-125b concurrent with upregulation of PARP-1 in dopaminergic neuronal cells and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice but not in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) or ventral tegmental area (VTA). In silico analysis predicted a binding site of miR-125b in a conserved 3’-untranslated region (3’UTR) of the PARP-1 mRNA. Knockdown and overexpression studies showed that miR-125b levels negatively correlate with PARP-1 protein expression. Luciferase reporter assay using a vector containing the 3’UTR of PARP-1 mRNA confirmed regulation of PARP-1 by miR-125b. Specific nucleotide mutations within the binding site abrogated miR-125b’s regulatory effect on PARP-1 3’UTR. Finally, we established that downregulation of miR-125b and concurrent upregulation of PARP-1 is dependent on binding of cocaine to the dopamine transporter (DAT). Collectively, these results identify miR-125b as a post-transcriptional regulator of PARP-1 expression and establish a novel mechanism underlying the molecular effects of cocaine action.
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Kuenzler MB, Nuss K, Karol A, Schär MO, Hottiger M, Raniga S, Kenkel D, von Rechenberg B, Zumstein MA. Neer Award 2016: reduced muscle degeneration and decreased fatty infiltration after rotator cuff tear in a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) knock-out mouse model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:733-744. [PMID: 28131694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed muscular architecture, atrophy, and fatty infiltration remain irreversible in chronic rotator cuff tears even after repair. Poly (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a key regulator of inflammation, apoptosis, muscle atrophy, muscle regeneration, and adipocyte development. We hypothesized that the absence of PARP-1 would lead to a reduction in damage to the muscle subsequent to combined tenotomy and neurectomy in a PARP-1 knockout (KO) mouse model. METHODS PARP-1 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT group) mice were analyzed at 1, 6, and 12 weeks (total n = 84). In all mice, the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles of the left shoulder were detached and denervated. Macroscopic analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and histology were used to assess the differences in PARP-1 KO and WT mice. RESULTS The muscles in the PARP-1 KO group had significantly less retraction, atrophy, and fatty infiltration after 12 weeks than in the WT group. Gene expression of inflammatory, apoptotic, adipogenic, and muscular atrophy genes was significantly decreased in PARP-1 KO mice in the first 6 weeks. DISCUSSION Absence of PARP-1 leads to a reduction in muscular architectural damage, early inflammation, apoptosis, atrophy, and fatty infiltration after combined tenotomy and neurectomy of the rotator cuff muscle. Although the macroscopic reaction to injury is similar in the first 6 weeks, the ability of the muscles to regenerate was much greater in the PARP-1 KO group, leading to a near-normalization of the muscle after 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Kuenzler
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Karol
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Schär
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sumit Raniga
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Kenkel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias A Zumstein
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Shoulder & Elbow Unit, SportsClinic #1 AG, Bern, Switzerland.
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Alfaras I, Di Germanio C, Bernier M, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Lakatta EG, de Cabo R. Pharmacological Strategies to Retard Cardiovascular Aging. Circ Res 2017; 118:1626-42. [PMID: 27174954 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in the United States. Traditionally, the effort to prevent cardiovascular disease has been focused on addressing the conventional risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high circulating levels of triglycerides. However, recent preclinical studies have identified new approaches to combat cardiovascular disease. Calorie restriction has been reproducibly shown to prolong lifespan in various experimental model animals. This has led to the development of calorie restriction mimetics and other pharmacological interventions capable to delay age-related diseases. In this review, we will address the mechanistic effects of aging per se on the cardiovascular system and focus on the prolongevity benefits of various therapeutic strategies that support cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alfaras
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Michel Bernier
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Anna Csiszar
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.).
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Chacon-Cabrera A, Mateu-Jimenez M, Langohr K, Fermoselle C, García-Arumí E, Andreu AL, Yelamos J, Barreiro E. Role of PARP activity in lung cancer-induced cachexia: Effects on muscle oxidative stress, proteolysis, anabolic markers, and phenotype. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3744-3761. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Chacon-Cabrera
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercè Mateu-Jimenez
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Barcelona Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program; Hospital del Mal Medical Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research; Universitat Politècnica de Barcelona/Barcelonatech; Barcelona Spain
| | - Clara Fermoselle
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Elena García-Arumí
- Unitat de Patologia Neuromuscular i Mitocondrial, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII; Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni L. Andreu
- Unitat de Patologia Neuromuscular i Mitocondrial, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jose Yelamos
- Cancer Research Program-Immunology; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Barcelona Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Barcelona Spain
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Hazra J, Mukherjee P, Ali A, Poddar S, Pal M. Engagement of Components of DNA-Break Repair Complex and NFκB in Hsp70A1A Transcription Upregulation by Heat Shock. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168165. [PMID: 28099440 PMCID: PMC5242496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An involvement of components of DNA-break repair (DBR) complex including DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) in transcription regulation in response to distinct cellular signalling has been revealed by different laboratories. Here, we explored the involvement of DNA-PK and PARP-1 in the heat shock induced transcription of Hsp70A1A. We find that inhibition of both the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKc), and Ku70, a regulatory subunit of DNA-PK holo-enzyme compromises transcription of Hsp70A1A under heat shock treatment. In immunoprecipitation based experiments we find that Ku70 or DNA-PK holoenzyme associates with NFκB. This NFκB associated complex also carries PARP-1. Downregulation of both NFκB and PARP-1 compromises Hsp70A1A transcription induced by heat shock treatment. Alteration of three bases by site directed mutagenesis within the consensus κB sequence motif identified on the promoter affected inducibility of Hsp70A1A transcription by heat shock treatment. These results suggest that NFκB engaged with the κB motif on the promoter cooperates in Hsp70A1A activation under heat shock in human cells as part of a DBR complex including DNA-PK and PARP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Hazra
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Pooja Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumita Poddar
- Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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Wielgos ME, Rajbhandari R, Cooper TS, Wei S, Nozell S, Yang ES. Let-7 Status Is Crucial for PARP1 Expression in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:340-347. [PMID: 28031413 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0287-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
HER2+ breast tumors have been shown to express elevated levels of PARP1 protein. Yet, the mechanism by which PARP1 is upregulated in HER2+ breast cancer is unknown. Here, knockdown of HER2 (ERBB2) in HER2+ breast cancer cells resulted in a reduction in PARP1 protein. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of HER2 in a non-HER2-overexpressing cell line resulted in increased PARP1 protein levels. Alterations in HER2 expression had no significant effect on PARP1 transcript levels. Instead, HER2 mRNA status was inversely correlated with let-7a miRNA levels in breast cancer cells. Ectopic expression of let-7a miRNA resulted in downregulation of PARP1 protein, whereas expression of the let-7a anti-miRNA increased PARP1 protein. Furthermore, luciferase assays demonstrate that let-7a regulates PARP1 via its 3'UTR. Importantly, let-7a was significantly lower in human HER2+ breast tumors compared with HER2- breast tumors and inversely correlated with PARP1 protein levels. Finally, HER2+ breast cancer cells exhibited similar cytotoxicity to ectopic let-7a expression as the PARP inhibitor veliparib (ABT-888). Collectively, these results reveal that increased PARP1 expression in HER2+ breast cancers is regulated by the let-7a miRNA, and that let-7a is a potential strategy to suppress PARP1 activity.Implications: This study reports the novel findings that HER2 increases PARP1 protein via suppression of the let-7a miRNA, which regulates the PARP1 3'-UTR. Moreover, HER2 status correlates with high PARP1 and low let-7a in breast cancer clinical specimens. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 340-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E Wielgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rajani Rajbhandari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tiffiny S Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Susan Nozell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Tian Y, Zhang F, Xu W, Li X, Shu Z, Wang Y, Huang K, Huang D. Inhibition of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Protects Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3117-3130. [PMID: 27746183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) by gut-derived endotoxin plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Limiting the activation of resident KCs attenuates chronic ethanol-induced liver steatosis and injury. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 is suggested to play a role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we found a significant increase of hepatic PARP activity in mice with short-term and long-term ethanol-induced ALD. Male mice on a long-term ethanol diet exhibited severe hepatic steatosis and apoptosis and enhanced KC activation and neutrophil infiltration. However, pharmacologic inhibition of PARP activity or genetic depletion of PARP1 significantly attenuated these detrimental effects in vivo. We found that inhibition of PARP1 effectively reduced hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and elevated hepatic expression of genes involved in lipolysis. Moreover, limited KC activation and neutrophil infiltration were observed in PARP1 knockout mice or PARP inhibitor-treated mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments found that LPS-induced macrophage activation was limited by PARP inhibitor, and exposure of ethanol-treated hepatocytes to this conditioned medium further decreased the number of apoptotic and steatotic cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that PARP1 inhibition protects against long-term ethanol-induced liver injury, as indicated by limited hepatocytes steatosis, apoptosis, inflammation levels, and neutrophil infiltration, mainly by limiting KC activation during the initiation of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunli Tian
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangrao Li
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiping Shu
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Epstein-Barr Virus Oncoprotein LMP1 Mediates Epigenetic Changes in Host Gene Expression through PARP1. J Virol 2016; 90:8520-30. [PMID: 27440880 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01180-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The latent infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with 1% of human cancer incidence. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that mediate EBV replication during latency. In this study, we detail the mechanisms that drive cellular PARylation during latent EBV infection and the effects of PARylation on host gene expression and cellular function. EBV-infected B cells had higher PAR levels than EBV-negative B cells. Moreover, cellular PAR levels were up to 2-fold greater in type III than type I latently infected EBV B cells. We identified a positive association between expression of the EBV genome-encoded latency membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and PAR levels that was dependent upon PARP1. PARP1 regulates gene expression by numerous mechanisms, including modifying chromatin structure and altering the function of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Since LMP1 is essential in establishing EBV latency and promoting tumorigenesis, we explored the model that disruption in cellular PARylation, driven by LMP1 expression, subsequently promotes epigenetic alterations to elicit changes in host gene expression. PARP1 inhibition resulted in the accumulation of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 at a subset of LMP1-regulated genes. Inhibition of PARP1, or abrogation of PARP1 expression, also suppressed the expression of LMP1-activated genes and LMP1-mediated cellular transformation, demonstrating an essential role for PARP1 activity in LMP1-induced gene expression and cellular transformation associated with LMP1. In summary, we identified a novel mechanism by which LMP1 drives expression of host tumor-promoting genes by blocking generation of the inhibitory histone modification H3K27me3 through PARP1 activation. IMPORTANCE EBV is causally linked to several malignancies and is responsible for 1% of cancer incidence worldwide. The EBV-encoded protein LMP1 is essential for promoting viral tumorigenesis by aberrant activation of several well-known intracellular signaling pathways. We have identified and defined an additional novel molecular mechanism by which LMP1 regulates the expression of tumor-promoting host genes. We found that LMP1 activates the cellular protein PARP1, leading to a decrease in a repressive histone modification, accompanied by induction in expression of multiple cancer-related genes. PARP1 inhibition or depletion led to a decrease in LMP1-induced cellular transformation. Therefore, targeting PARP1 activity may be an effective treatment for EBV-associated malignancies.
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Su S, Lin X, Ding N, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Ding Y, Hou X, Tian Y. Effects of PARP-1 inhibitor and ERK inhibitor on epithelial mesenchymal transitions of the ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1225-1229. [PMID: 27668317 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effects of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor PJ34 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 on the proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) of cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. METHODS Proliferation of SKOV-3 cells was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay with PJ34 and U0126 treatment. Expression changes of E-cadherin and vimentin with PJ34 and U0126 treatment was examined using Western blot and quantitative PCR. In addition, invasion assay was performed in cells treated with PJ34 and U0126. RESULTS PJ34 and U0126 inhibited proliferation of SKOV-3 cells in a time dependent manner. PJ34 and U0126 suppressed the expression of vimentin and enhanced the expression of E-cadherin. PJ34 and U0126 reduced cell invasion. The inhibitory effects of PJ34 and U0126 were stronger than PJ34 alone. PJ34 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of SKOV-3 cells which can be enhanced by ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. CONCLUSIONS These inhibitory effects are partially due to PARP-1 and ERK1/2 mediated attenuation of EMT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shangdong, China; Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Shangdong, China
| | - Xueyan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shangdong, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Shangdong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Shangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Shangdong, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Department of Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Shangdong, China
| | - Xiaoman Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shangdong, China
| | - Yongjie Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shangdong, China.
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Xu J, Wang H, Won SJ, Basu J, Kapfhamer D, Swanson RA. Microglial activation induced by the alarmin S100B is regulated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Glia 2016; 64:1869-78. [PMID: 27444121 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury resulting from stroke or trauma can be exacerbated by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, proteases, and reactive oxygen species by activated microglia. The microglial activation resulting from brain injury is mediated in part by alarmins, which are signaling molecules released from damaged cells. The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has been shown to regulate microglial activation after brain injury, and here we show that signaling effects of the alarmin S100B are regulated by PARP-1. S100B is a protein localized predominantly to astrocytes. Exogenous S100B added to primary microglial cultures induced a rapid change in microglial morphology, upregulation of IL-1β, TNFα, and iNOS gene expression, and release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and nitric oxide. Most, though not all of these effects were attenuated in PARP-1(-/-) microglia and in wild-type microglia treated with the PARP inhibitor, veliparib. Microglial activation and gene expression changes induced by S100B injected directly into brain were likewise attenuated by PARP-1 inhibition. The anti-inflammatory effects of PARP-1 inhibitors in acutely injured brain may thus be mediated in part through effects on S100B signaling pathways. GLIA 2016;64:1869-1878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Repubic of China.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Repubic of China
| | - Seok Joon Won
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jayinee Basu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - David Kapfhamer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
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Lillenes MS, Rabano A, Støen M, Riaz T, Misaghian D, Møllersen L, Esbensen Y, Günther CC, Selnes P, Stenset VTV, Fladby T, Tønjum T. Altered DNA base excision repair profile in brain tissue and blood in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain 2016; 9:61. [PMID: 27234294 PMCID: PMC4884418 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that is the main cause of dementia globally. AD is associated with increased oxidative stress, resulting from imbalance in production and clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can damage DNA and other macromolecules, leading to genome instability and disrupted cellular functions. Base excision repair (BER) plays a major role in repairing oxidative DNA lesions. Here, we compared the expression of BER components APE1, OGG1, PARP1 and Polβ in blood and postmortem brain tissue from patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls (HC). Results BER mRNA levels were correlated to clinical signs and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for AD. Notably, the expression of BER genes was higher in brain tissue than in blood samples. Polβ mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in the cerebellum than in the other brain regions, more so in AD patients than in HC. Blood mRNA levels of OGG1 was low and PARP1 high in MCI and AD. Conclusions These findings reflect the oxidative stress-generating energy-consumption in the brain and the importance of BER in repairing these damage events. The data suggest that alteration in BER gene expression is an event preceding AD. The results link DNA repair in brain and blood to the etiology of AD at the molecular level and can potentially serve in establishing novel biomarkers, particularly in the AD prodromal phase. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0237-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl S Lillenes
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alberto Rabano
- Fundación Centro Investigación Enfermedades Neurológicas (CIEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Støen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tahira Riaz
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dorna Misaghian
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Møllersen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ying Esbensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Sciences (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Division, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Vidar T V Stenset
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Division, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Division, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tone Tønjum
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4950 Nydalen, Oslo, NO-0424, Norway.
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Chacon-Cabrera A, Fermoselle C, Salmela I, Yelamos J, Barreiro E. MicroRNA expression and protein acetylation pattern in respiratory and limb muscles of Parp-1−/− and Parp-2−/− mice with lung cancer cachexia. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2530-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Recurrent hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia in neonatal rats increases PARP-1 and NF-κB expression and leads to microglial activation in the cerebral cortex. Pediatr Res 2015. [PMID: 26200703 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is a common metabolic problem in extremely low-birth-weight preterm infants. Neonatal hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality and brain injury. Glucose-mediated oxidative injury may be responsible. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in DNA repair and cell survival. However, PARP-1 overactivation leads to cell death. NF-κB is coactivated with PARP-1 and regulates microglial activation. The effects of recurrent hyperglycemia on PARP-1/NF-κB expression and microglial activation are not well understood. METHODS Rat pups were subjected to recurrent hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia of 2 h duration twice daily from postnatal (P) day 3-P12 and killed on P13. mRNA and protein expression of PARP-1/NF-κB and their downstream effectors were determined in the cerebral cortex. Microgliosis was determined using CD11 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Recurrent hyperglycemia increased PARP-1 expression confined to the nucleus and without causing PARP-1 overactivation and cell death. NF-κB mRNA expression was increased, while IκB mRNA expression was decreased. inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA expressions were decreased. Hyperglycemia significantly increased the number of microglia. CONCLUSION Recurrent hyperglycemia in neonatal rats is associated with upregulation of PARP-1 and NF-κB expression and subsequent microgliosis but not neuronal cell death in the cerebral cortex.
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