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Kim TK, Slominski RM, Pyza E, Kleszczynski K, Tuckey RC, Reiter RJ, Holick MF, Slominski AT. Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1772-1790. [PMID: 38686544 PMCID: PMC11368659 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is a molecule with an indole backbone that is widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including regulation of cytoprotective responses and other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared by its metabolites including kynuric products generated by reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced by ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D and related photoproducts originate from phototransformation of ∆5,7 sterols, of which 7-dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol are examples. Their ∆5,7 bonds in the B ring absorb solar ultraviolet radiation [290-315 nm, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation] resulting in B ring opening to produce previtamin D, also referred to as a secosteroid. Once formed, previtamin D can either undergo thermal-induced isomerization to vitamin D or absorb UVB radiation to be transformed into photoproducts including lumisterol and tachysterol. Vitamin D, as well as the previtamin D photoproducts lumisterol and tachysterol, are hydroxylated by cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to produce biologically active hydroxyderivatives. The best known of these is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for which the major function in vertebrates is regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Herein we review data on melatonin production and metabolism and discuss their functions in insects. We discuss production of previtamin D and vitamin D, and their photoproducts in fungi, plants and insects, as well as mechanisms for their enzymatic activation and suggest possible biological functions for them in these groups of organisms. For the detection of these secosteroids and their precursors and photoderivatives, as well as melatonin metabolites, we focus on honey produced by bees and on body extracts of Drosophila melanogaster. Common biological functions for melatonin derivatives and secosteroids such as cytoprotective and photoprotective actions in insects are discussed. We provide hypotheses for the photoproduction of other secosteroids and of kynuric metabolites of melatonin, based on the known photobiology of ∆5,7 sterols and of the indole ring, respectively. We also offer possible mechanisms of actions for these unique molecules and summarise differences and similarities of melatoninergic and secosteroidogenic pathways in diverse organisms including insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Konrad Kleszczynski
- Department of Dermatology, Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, Münster, 48161, Germany
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Hussain A, Faheem B, Jang HS, Lee DS, Mun BG, Rolly NK, Yun BW. Melatonin-Nitric Oxide Crosstalk in Plants and the Prospects of NOMela as a Nitric Oxide Donor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8535. [PMID: 39126104 PMCID: PMC11313359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin regulates vital physiological processes in animals, such as the circadian cycle, sleep, locomotion, body temperature, food intake, and sexual and immune responses. In plants, melatonin modulates seed germination, longevity, circadian cycle, photoperiodicity, flowering, leaf senescence, postharvest fruit storage, and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In plants, the effect of melatonin is mediated by various regulatory elements of the redox network, including RNS and ROS. Similarly, the radical gas NO mediates various physiological processes, like seed germination, flowering, leaf senescence, and stress responses. The biosynthesis of both melatonin and NO takes place in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Hence, both melatonin and nitric oxide are key signaling molecules governing their biological pathways independently. However, there are instances when these pathways cross each other and the two molecules interact with each other, resulting in the formation of N-nitrosomelatonin or NOMela, which is a nitrosated form of melatonin, discovered recently and with promising roles in plant development. The interaction between NO and melatonin is highly complex, and, although a handful of studies reporting these interactions have been published, the exact molecular mechanisms governing them and the prospects of NOMela as a NO donor have just started to be unraveled. Here, we review NO and melatonin production as well as RNS-melatonin interaction under normal and stressful conditions. Furthermore, for the first time, we provide highly sensitive, ozone-chemiluminescence-based comparative measurements of the nitric oxide content, as well as NO-release kinetics between NOMela and the commonly used NO donors CySNO and GSNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Brekhna Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Hyung-Seok Jang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Nkulu Kabange Rolly
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kołodziejczyk I, Kaźmierczak A. Melatonin - This is important to know. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170871. [PMID: 38340815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
MEL (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a well-known natural compound that controls cellular processes in both plants and animals and is primarily found in plants as a neurohormone. Its roles have been described very broadly, from its antioxidant function related to the photoperiod and determination of seasonal rhythms to its role as a signalling molecule, imitating the action of plant hormones (or even being classified as a prohormone). MEL positively affects the yield and survival of plants by increasing their tolerance to unfavourable biotic and abiotic conditions, which makes MEL widely applicable in ecological farming as a stimulant of growth and development. Thus, it is called a phytobiostimulator. In this review, we discuss the genesis of MEL functions, the presence of MEL at the cellular level and its effects on gene expression and plant development, which can ensure the survival of plants under the conditions they encounter. Moreover, we consider the future application possibilities of MEL in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
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Wang B, Xue P, Zhang Y, Zhan X, Wu W, Yu P, Chen D, Fu J, Hong Y, Shen X, Sun L, Cheng S, Liu Q, Cao L. OsCPK12 phosphorylates OsCATA and OsCATC to regulate H 2O 2 homeostasis and improve oxidative stress tolerance in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100780. [PMID: 38130060 PMCID: PMC10943579 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), the best-characterized calcium sensors in plants, regulate many aspects of plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, how CPKs regulate the antioxidant defense system remains largely unknown. We previously found that impaired function of OsCPK12 leads to oxidative stress in rice, with more H2O2, lower catalase (CAT) activity, and lower yield. Here, we explored the roles of OsCPK12 in oxidative stress tolerance in rice. Our results show that OsCPK12 interacts with and phosphorylates OsCATA and OsCATC at Ser11. Knockout of either OsCATA or OsCATC leads to an oxidative stress phenotype accompanied by higher accumulation of H2O2. Overexpression of the phosphomimetic proteins OsCATAS11D and OsCATCS11D in oscpk12-cr reduced the level of H2O2 accumulation. Moreover, OsCATAS11D and OsCATCS11D showed enhanced catalase activity in vivo and in vitro. OsCPK12-overexpressing plants exhibited higher CAT activity as well as higher tolerance to oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrate that OsCPK12 affects CAT enzyme activity by phosphorylating OsCATA and OsCATC at Ser11 to regulate H2O2 homeostasis, thereby mediating oxidative stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; Northern Rice Research Center of Bao Qing, Shuangyashan 155600, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Pao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Junlin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yongbo Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Lianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; Northern Rice Research Center of Bao Qing, Shuangyashan 155600, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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Manzoor MA, Xu Y, Lv Z, Xu J, Wang Y, Sun W, Liu X, Wang L, Abdullah M, Liu R, Jiu S, Zhang C. Comparative genomics of N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine members in four Prunus species with insights into bud dormancy and abiotic stress responses in Prunus avium. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:89. [PMID: 38462577 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This study provides novel insights into the evolution, diversification, and functions of melatonin biosynthesis genes in Prunus species, highlighting their potential role in regulating bud dormancy and abiotic stresses. The biosynthesis of melatonin (MEL) in plants is primarily governed by enzymatic reactions involving key enzymes such as serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC). In this study, we analyzed Melatonin genes in four Prunus species such as Prunus avium (Pavi), Prunus pusilliflora (Ppus), Prunus serulata (Pser), and Prunus persica (Pper) based on comparative genomics approach. Among the four Prunus species, a total of 29 TDCs, 998 T5Hs, 16 SNATs, and 115 ASMTs within the genome of four Prunus genomes. A thorough investigation of melatonin-related genes was carried out using systematic biological methods and comparative genomics. Through phylogenetic analysis, orthologous clusters, Go enrichment, syntenic relationship, and gene duplication analysis, we discovered both similarities and variations in Melatonin genes among these Prunus species. Additionally, our study revealed the existence of unique subgroup members in the Melatonin genes of these species, which were distinct from those found in Arabidopsis genes. Furthermore, the transcriptomic expression analysis revealed the potential significance of melatonin genes in bud dormancy regulation and abiotic stresses. Our extensive results offer valuable perspectives on the evolutionary patterns, intricate expansion, and functions of PavMEL genes. Given their promising attributes, PavTDCs, PavT5H, PavNAT, and three PavASMT genes warrant in-depth exploration as prime candidates for manipulating dormancy in sweet cherry. This was done to lay the foundation for future explorations into the structural and functional aspects of these factors in Prunus species. This study offers significant insights into the functions of ASMT, SNAT, T5H, and TDC genes and sheds light on their roles in Prunus avium. Moreover, it established a robust foundation for further exploration functional characterization of melatonin genes in fruit species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxin Lv
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieming Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxia Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunju Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Ruie Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District Jianchuan Road No.601, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Fu Y, Xin L, Mounkaila Hamani AK, Sun W, Wang H, Amin AS, Wang X, Qin A, Gao Y. Foliar Application of Melatonin Positively Affects the Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) under the Combined Effects of Low Temperature and Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3730. [PMID: 37960086 PMCID: PMC10649641 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity. Exogenous melatonin (MT) can alleviate the damage caused to plants under non-biological stress; thus, applying MT is a means to improve the growth condition of crops under stress. However, achieving this goal requires a thorough understanding of the physiological regulatory mechanisms of MT on cotton seedlings under low temperature and salinity stress. This study could bring new knowledge on physio-biochemical mechanisms that improve the tolerance of cotton seedlings to combined effects of low temperature and salt stress using an exogenous foliar application of MT. The phytotron experiment comprised two temperature levels of cold stress and control and five MT treatments of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM and two salinity levels of 0 and 150 mM NaCl. Compared with the control treatments (non-salinity stress under cold stress and control), the combined stress of salt and low temperature reduced cotton seedlings' biomass and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), aggravated the membrane damage, reduced the potassium (K+) content, and increased the sodium (Na+) accumulation in the leaves and roots. Under NaCl stress, exogenously sprayed 50-150 μM MT increased the biomass and gas exchange parameters of cotton seedlings under salt and low temperature combined with salt stress, reduced the degree of membrane damage, and regulated the antioxidant enzyme, ion homeostasis, transport, and absorption of cotton seedlings. The pairwise correlation analysis of each parameter using MT shows that the parameters with higher correlation with MT at cold stress are mainly malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The highest correlation coefficient at 25 °C is observed between the K+ and Na+ content in cotton seedlings. The conclusion indicates that under salt and low-temperature stress conditions, exogenous application of MT primarily regulates the levels of Pn, superoxide dismutase (SOD), andPOD in cotton seedlings, reduces Na+ and MDA content, alleviates damage to cotton seedlings. Moreover, the most significant effect was observed when an exogenous application of 50-150 μM of MT was administered under these conditions. The current study's findings could serve as a scientific foundation for salinity and low-temperature stress alleviation during the seedling stage of cotton growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (Y.F.); (L.X.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (W.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.Q.)
| | - Lang Xin
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (Y.F.); (L.X.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | | | - Weihao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (W.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.Q.)
| | - Hongbo Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (Y.F.); (L.X.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Abubakar Sunusi Amin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (W.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.Q.)
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (Y.F.); (L.X.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Anzhen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (W.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.Q.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (W.S.); (A.S.A.); (A.Q.)
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
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Slominski AT, Kim TK, Slominski RM, Song Y, Qayyum S, Placha W, Janjetovic Z, Kleszczyński K, Atigadda V, Song Y, Raman C, Elferink CJ, Hobrath JV, Jetten AM, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and Its Metabolites Can Serve as Agonists on the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15496. [PMID: 37895177 PMCID: PMC10607054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is widely present in Nature. It has pleiotropic activities, in part mediated by interactions with high-affinity G-protein-coupled melatonin type 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2) receptors or under extreme conditions, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion. In pharmacological concentrations, it is given to counteract the massive damage caused by MT1- and MT2-independent mechanisms. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a perfect candidate for mediating the latter effects because melatonin has structural similarity to its natural ligands, including tryptophan metabolites and indolic compounds. Using a cell-based Human AhR Reporter Assay System, we demonstrated that melatonin and its indolic and kynuric metabolites act as agonists on the AhR with EC50's between 10-4 and 10-6 M. This was further validated via the stimulation of the transcriptional activation of the CYP1A1 promoter. Furthermore, melatonin and its metabolites stimulated AhR translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in human keratinocytes, as demonstrated by ImageStream II cytometry and Western blot (WB) analyses of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of human keratinocytes. These functional analyses are supported by in silico analyses. We also investigated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ as a potential target for melatonin and metabolites bioregulation. The binding studies using a TR-TFRET kit to assay the interaction of the ligand with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the PPARγ showed agonistic activities of melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine with EC50's in the 10-4 M range showing significantly lower affinities that those of rosiglitazone, e.g., a 10-8 M range. These interactions were substantiated by stimulation of the luciferase activity of the construct containing PPARE by melatonin and its metabolites at 10-4 M. As confirmed by the functional assays, binding mode predictions using a homology model of the AhR and a crystal structure of the PPARγ suggest that melatonin and its metabolites, including 6-hydroxymelatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, are excellent candidates to act on the AhR and PPARγ with docking scores comparable to their corresponding natural ligands. Melatonin and its metabolites were modeled into the same ligand-binding pockets (LBDs) as their natural ligands. Thus, functional assays supported by molecular modeling have shown that melatonin and its indolic and kynuric metabolites can act as agonists on the AhR and they can interact with the PPARγ at high concentrations. This provides a mechanistic explanation for previously reported cytoprotective actions of melatonin and its metabolites that require high local concentrations of the ligands to reduce cellular damage under elevated oxidative stress conditions. It also identifies these compounds as therapeutic agents to be used at pharmacological doses in the prevention or therapy of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shariq Qayyum
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
- Brigham’s Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wojciech Placha
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48161 Münster, Germany;
| | - Venkatram Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Cornelis J. Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 79567, USA;
| | | | - Anton M. Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
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Darwish E, Ghosh R, Bentzer J, Tsardakas Renhuldt N, Proux-Wera E, Kamal N, Spannagl M, Hause B, Sirijovski N, Van Aken O. The dynamics of touch-responsive gene expression in cereals. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:282-302. [PMID: 37159480 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wind, rain, herbivores, obstacles, neighbouring plants, etc. provide important mechanical cues to steer plant growth and survival. Mechanostimulation to stimulate yield and stress resistance of crops is of significant research interest, yet a molecular understanding of transcriptional responses to touch is largely absent in cereals. To address this, we performed whole-genome transcriptomics following mechanostimulation of wheat, barley, and the recent genome-sequenced oat. The largest transcriptome changes occurred ±25 min after touching, with most of the genes being upregulated. While most genes returned to basal expression level by 1-2 h in oat, many genes retained high expression even 4 h post-treatment in barley and wheat. Functional categories such as transcription factors, kinases, phytohormones, and Ca2+ regulation were affected. In addition, cell wall-related genes involved in (hemi)cellulose, lignin, suberin, and callose biosynthesis were touch-responsive, providing molecular insight into mechanically induced changes in cell wall composition. Furthermore, several cereal-specific transcriptomic footprints were identified that were not observed in Arabidopsis. In oat and barley, we found evidence for systemic spreading of touch-induced signalling. Finally, we provide evidence that both the jasmonic acid-dependent and the jasmonic acid-independent pathways underlie touch-signalling in cereals, providing a detailed framework and marker genes for further study of (a)biotic stress responses in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Darwish
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Plant Physiology Section, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ritesh Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Johan Bentzer
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Estelle Proux-Wera
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, SE-17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nadia Kamal
- PGSB - Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- PGSB - Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Nick Sirijovski
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Feng J, Zheng Y, Guo M, Ares I, Martínez M, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative stress, the blood-brain barrier and neurodegenerative diseases: The critical beneficial role of dietary antioxidants. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3988-4024. [PMID: 37799389 PMCID: PMC10547923 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, growing awareness of the role of oxidative stress in brain health has prompted antioxidants, especially dietary antioxidants, to receive growing attention as possible treatments strategies for patients with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The most widely studied dietary antioxidants include active substances such as vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols. Dietary antioxidants are found in usually consumed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts and oils and are gaining popularity due to recently growing awareness of their potential for preventive and protective agents against NDs, as well as their abundant natural sources, generally non-toxic nature, and ease of long-term consumption. This review article examines the role of oxidative stress in the development of NDs, explores the 'two-sidedness' of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a protective barrier to the nervous system and an impeding barrier to the use of antioxidants as drug medicinal products and/or dietary antioxidants supplements for prevention and therapy and reviews the BBB permeability of common dietary antioxidant suplements and their potential efficacy in the prevention and treatment of NDs. Finally, current challenges and future directions for the prevention and treatment of NDs using dietary antioxidants are discussed, and useful information on the prevention and treatment of NDs is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youle Zheng
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), And Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28040, Spain
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10
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Ali M, Pan Y, Liu H, Cheng Z. Melatonin interaction with abscisic acid in the regulation of abiotic stress in Solanaceae family plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271137. [PMID: 37767290 PMCID: PMC10520282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Solanaceous vegetable crops are cultivated and consumed worldwide. However, they often confront diverse abiotic stresses that significantly impair their growth, yield, and overall quality. This review delves into melatonin and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and their roles in abiotic stress responses. It closely examines the intricate interplay between melatonin and ABA in managing stress within plants, revealing both collaborative and antagonistic effects and elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. Melatonin and ABA mutually influence each other's synthesis, metabolism and that of other plant hormones, a key focus of this study. The study highlights melatonin's role in aiding stress management through ABA-dependent pathways and key genes in the melatonin-ABA interaction. Specifically, melatonin downregulates ABA synthesis genes and upregulates catabolism genes, leading to reduced ABA levels. It also directly scavenges H2O2, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby underscoring their collaborative role in mediating stress responses. Moreover, the interplay between melatonin and ABA plays an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, including stomatal behaviors, wax accumulation, delay leaf senescence, seed germination, and seedlings growth, among others. Recognizing these relationships in Solanaceae vegetable crops holds great importance for improving agricultural practices and crop quality. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive overview of recent studies on the melatonin and ABA interplay, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and breeders dedicated to fortifying crop resilience and productivity within challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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11
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Dey S, Biswas A, Deng Y, Birhanie ZM, Wentao C, Li D. Exogenous melatonin enhances low-temperature stress of jute seedlings through modulation of photosynthesis and antioxidant potential. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19125. [PMID: 37636352 PMCID: PMC10457540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new varieties of natural fibers that can grow throughout the year is very crucial to replace and avoid the bad effect of synthetic fiber. As a result of its beneficial role in protecting plants from abiotic stressors, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has gained recognition as a novel plant growth regulator. This study aimed to investigates the role of exogenous melatonin (200 μM) on two varieties of Corchorous olitorius and Corchorous capsularis in response to low-temperature stress (8 °C) for different periods of treatment (0, 24, 36, and 48 h) based on biochemical properties, and antioxidant system. The results demonstrated that exogenous melatonin had inhibitory effects of low-temperature stress on seedlings at different period of treatment when compared to non-melatonin treated seedlings, potentially improved photosynthetic apparatus (total chlorophyll up to 29.93 and 33.37%; total carotenoid up to 29.93 and 19.05%; anthocyanin up to 40.47 and 31.94% in M33 and Y49, respectively), reduced oxidative damage (MDA up to 53.59 and 44.28%; H2O2 up to 41.04 and 16.88% in M33 and Y49, respectively) by boosting the antioxidant enzymes (SOD up to 12.75 and 4.65%; POD up to 39.08 and 81.39%; total phenolic up to 43.38 and 56.48% in M33 and Y49, respectively) reduced electrolyte leakage (EL) up to 15.37 and 13.64% in M33 and Y49, respectively) and increased osmoregulation (soluble sugars up to 25.86 and 25.86%; proline up to 105.19 and 172.07%; FAA up to 48.50 and 30.06% in M33 and Y49, respectively) content. Thus, this study showed that exogenous melatonin effectively mitigated the low-temperature-induced oxidative in C. olitorius and C. capsularis seedlings by regulating the antioxidant system and improving the low-temperature resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Dey
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Ashok Biswas
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Yong Deng
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Ziggiju Mesenbet Birhanie
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Chen Wentao
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Defang Li
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
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12
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Geldhof B, Pattyn J, Van de Poel B. From a different angle: genetic diversity underlies differentiation of waterlogging-induced epinasty in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1178778. [PMID: 37324684 PMCID: PMC10264670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1178778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In tomato, downward leaf bending is a morphological adaptation towards waterlogging, which has been shown to induce a range of metabolic and hormonal changes. This kind of functional trait is often the result of a complex interplay of regulatory processes starting at the gene level, gated through a plethora of signaling cascades and modulated by environmental cues. Through phenotypical screening of a population of 54 tomato accessions in a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS), we have identified target genes potentially involved in plant growth and survival during waterlogging and subsequent recovery. Changes in both plant growth rate and epinastic descriptors revealed several associations to genes possibly supporting metabolic activity in low oxygen conditions in the root zone. In addition to this general reprogramming, some of the targets were specifically associated to leaf angle dynamics, indicating these genes might play a role in the induction, maintenance or recovery of differential petiole elongation in tomato during waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batist Geldhof
- Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology Lab, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Pattyn
- Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology Lab, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology Lab, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Sakouhi L, Kadri O, Werghi S, Massoud MB, Kharbech O, Murata Y, Chaoui A. Seed pretreatment with melatonin confers cadmium tolerance to chickpea seedlings through cellular redox homeostasis and antioxidant gene expression improvement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27562-5. [PMID: 37191750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several phytoremediation strategies have been undertaken to alleviate cadmium (Cd)-mediated injury to crop yield resulting from agricultural land pollution. In the present study, the potentially beneficial effect of melatonin (Me) was appraised. Therefore, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds were imbibed for 12 H in distilled water or Me (10 µM) solution. Then, the seeds germinated in the presence or the absence of 200 µM CdCl2 for 6 days. Seedlings obtained from Me-pretreated seeds exhibited enhanced growth traits, reflected by fresh biomass and length increase. This beneficial effect was associated with a decreased Cd accumulation in seedling tissues (by 46 and 89% in roots and shoots, respectively). Besides, Me efficiently protected the cell membrane integrity of Cd-subjected seedlings. This protective effect was manifested by the decreased lipoxygenase activity and the subsequently reduced accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Melatonin counteracted the Cd-mediated stimulation of the pro-oxidant NADPH-oxidase (90 and 45% decrease compared to non-pretreated Cd-stressed roots and shoots, respectively) and NADH-oxidase activities (almost 40% decrease compared to non-pretreated roots and shoots), preventing, thus, hydrogen peroxide overaccumulation (50 and 35% lesser than non-pretreated roots and shoots, respectively). Furthermore, Me enhanced the cellular content of pyridine nicotinamide reduced forms [NAD(P)H] and their redox state. This effect was associated with the Me-mediated stimulation of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malate dehydrogenase activities, concomitantly with the inhibition of NAD(P)H-consuming activities. These effects were accompanied by the up-regulation of G6PDH gene expression (45% increase in roots) and the down-regulation of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein F (RBOHF) gene expression (53% decrease in roots and shoots). Likewise, Me induced an increased activity and gene transcription of the Asada-Halliwell cycle, namely ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, concomitantly with a reduction of the glutathione peroxidase activity. This modulating effect led to the restoration of the redox homeostasis of the ascorbate and the glutathione pools. Overall, current results attest that seed pretreatment with Me is effective in Cd stress relief and can be a beneficial crop-protective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Sakouhi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Oumayma Kadri
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sirine Werghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology (LR99ES12), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marouane Ben Massoud
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, T23N73K, Ireland
| | - Oussama Kharbech
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Abdelilah Chaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
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14
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Yin H, Liu W, Hu X, Li D, Lan C, Gao L, He Z, Cui F, Fernie AR, Chen W. The pathway of melatonin biosynthesis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12841. [PMID: 36396897 PMCID: PMC10078269 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In plants, the biosynthesis of Mel from tryptophan (Trp) has been delineated to comprise of four consecutive reactions. However, while the genes encoding these enzymes in rice are well characterized no systematic evaluation of the overall pathway has, as yet, been published for wheat. In the current study, the relative contents of six Mel-pathway-intermediates including Trp, tryptamine (Trm), serotonin (Ser), 5-methoxy tryptamine (5M-Trm), N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) and Mel, were determined in 24 independent tissues spanning the lifetime of wheat. These studies indicated that Trp was the most abundant among the six metabolites, followed by Trm and Ser. Next, the candidate genes expressing key enzymes involved in the Mel pathway were explored by means of metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS), wherein two TDC genes, a T5H gene and one SNAT gene were identified as being important for the accumulation of Mel pathway metabolites. Moreover, a 463-bp insertion within the T5H gene was discovered that may be responsible for variation in Ser content. Finally, a ASMT gene was found via sequence alignment against its rice homolog. Validations of these candidate genes were performed by in vitro enzymatic reactions using proteins purified following recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, transient gene expression in tobacco, and transgenic approaches in wheat. Our results thus provide the first comprehensive investigation into the Mel pathway metabolites, and a swift candidate gene identification via forward-genetics strategies, in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanran Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongqin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fa Cui
- Wheat Molecular Breeding Innovation Research Group, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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15
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Ali S, Gill RA, Ulhassan Z, Zhang N, Hussain S, Zhang K, Huang Q, Sagir M, Tahir MB, Gill MB, Mwamba TM, Ali B, Zhou W. Exogenously applied melatonin enhanced the tolerance of Brassica napus against cobalt toxicity by modulating antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, and expression of stress response genes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114624. [PMID: 36758507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of cobalt (Co) in plant tissues severely impairs plant growth that ultimately reduces the yield. However, melatonin (MT) has been known to mediate the abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The present study aimed at investigating the protective mechanisms of exogenously applied MT (0, 50 and 100 μM) under Co (0, 100, 200 and 300 μM) stress by focusing on morpho-physiological, biochemical and cellular characterizations of Brassica napus plants. Cobalt (300 μM) alone treatment drastically inhibited the stomatal conductance, plant height (45%), leaf area (30%), free amino acid (139%), relative electrolyte leakage (109%), and total soluble sugars (71%), compared with the control. However, the exogenous supply of MT notably minimized the oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation and maintained the membrane integrity under Co-toxicity by restricting the overproduction of ROS (H2O2 and O2•), and MDA in leaves and roots. Melatonin significantly enhanced the activities of ROS-scavenging antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolism-related phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), stress-responsive genes (heat shock protein as HSP-90, methyl transferase as MT) and regulated the Co-transporters, especially in roots. These findings indicated that an exogenous supply of MT improve the plant morphology, photosynthetic apparatus, osmotic adjustments, and antioxidant defense systems by enhancing the Co-detoxification in B. napus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skhawat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rafaqat A Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kangni Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Sagir
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Tahir
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad B Gill
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Theodore M Mwamba
- Department of Crop Science, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Basharat Ali
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Cytokinin Modulates Responses to Phytomelatonin in Arabidopsis thaliana under High Light Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010738. [PMID: 36614184 PMCID: PMC9821067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuned interactions between melatonin (MT) and hormones affected by environmental inputs are crucial for plant growth. Under high light (HL) conditions, melatonin reduced photodamage in Arabidopsis thaliana and contributed to the restoration of the expression of the cytokinin (CK) synthesis genes IPT3, IPT5 and LOG7 and genes for CK signal transduction AHK2,3 and ARR 1, 4, 5 and 12 which were downregulated by stress. However, CK signaling mutants displayed no significant changes in the expression of CK genes following HL + MT treatment, implying that a fully functional cytokinin signaling pathway is a prerequisite for MT-CK interactions. In turn, cytokinin treatment increased the expression of the key melatonin synthesis gene ASMT under both moderate and HL in wild-type plants. This upregulation was further accentuated in the ipt3,5,7 mutant which is highly sensitive to CK. In this mutant, in addition to ASMT, the melatonin synthesis genes SNAT and COMT, as well as the putative signaling genes CAND2 and GPA1, displayed elevated transcript levels. The results of the study suggest that melatonin acts synergistically with CK to cope with HL stress through melatonin-associated activation or repression of the respective hormonal genes.
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17
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Raza A, Charagh S, García-Caparrós P, Rahman MA, Ogwugwa VH, Saeed F, Jin W. Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:196-217. [PMID: 35983948 PMCID: PMC9397135 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Global climate changes cause extreme temperatures and a significant reduction in crop production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (including both heat and cold stresses) is one of the most limiting factors in plant growth and development and severely affect plant physiology, biochemical, and molecular processes. Biostimulants like melatonin (MET) have a multifunctional role that acts as a "defense molecule" to safeguard plants against the noxious effects of temperature stress. MET treatment improves plant growth and temperature tolerance by improving several defense mechanisms. Current research also suggests that MET interacts with other molecules, like phytohormones and gaseous molecules, which greatly supports plant adaptation to temperature stress. Genetic engineering via overexpression or CRISPR/Cas system of MET biosynthetic genes uplifts the MET levels in transgenic plants and enhances temperature stress tolerance. This review highlights the critical role of MET in plant production and tolerance against temperature stress. We have documented how MET interacts with other molecules to alleviate temperature stress. MET-mediated molecular breeding would be great potential in helping the adverse effects of temperature stress by creating transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Faisal Saeed
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Turkey
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peking, China
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Melatonin in Micro-Tom Tomato: Improved Drought Tolerance via the Regulation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, Membrane Stability, Osmoprotectants, and Root System. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111922. [PMID: 36431057 PMCID: PMC9696799 DOI: 10.3390/life12111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variations caused by global climate change significantly affect plant yield and productivity. Because water scarcity is one of the most significant risks to agriculture's future, improving the performance of plants to cope with water stress is critical. Our research scrutinized the impact of melatonin application on the photosynthetic machinery, photosynthetic physiology, root system, osmoprotectant accumulation, and oxidative stress in tomato plants during drought. The results showed that melatonin-treated tomato plants had remarkably higher water levels, gas exchange activities, root system morphological parameters (average diameter, root activity, root forks, projected area, root crossings, root volume, root surface area, root length, root tips, and root numbers), osmoprotectant (proline, trehalose, fructose, sucrose, and GB) accumulation, and transcript levels of the photosynthetic genes SlPsb28, SlPetF, SlPsbP, SlPsbQ, SlPetE, and SlPsbW. In addition, melatonin effectively maintained the plants' photosynthetic physiology. Moreover, melatonin treatment maintained the soluble protein content and antioxidant capacity during drought. Melatonin application also resulted in membrane stability, evidenced by less electrolyte leakage and lower H2O2, MDA, and O2- levels in the drought-stress environment. Additionally, melatonin application enhanced the antioxidant defense enzymes and antioxidant-stress-resistance-related gene (SlCAT1, SlAPX, SlGR, SlDHAR, SlPOD, and SOD) transcript levels in plants. These outcomes imply that the impacts of melatonin treatment on improving drought resistance could be ascribed to the mitigation of photosynthetic function inhibition, the enhancement of the water status, and the alleviation of oxidative stress in tomato plants. Our study findings reveal new and incredible aspects of the response of melatonin-treated tomato plants to drought stress and provide a list of candidate targets for increasing plant tolerance to the drought-stress environment.
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19
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Siriparu P, Panyatip P, Pota T, Ratha J, Yongram C, Srisongkram T, Sungthong B, Puthongking P. Effect of Germination and Illumination on Melatonin and Its Metabolites, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Mung Bean Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212990. [PMID: 36365443 PMCID: PMC9654080 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) sprouts are increasingly consumed and have become part of a healthy diet. The sprouts are composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and biochemical compounds. During germination, the phytochemical compounds are significantly elevated, especially under stress conditions such as salinity, drought, extreme temperature, and illumination. The present study examined the effects of light and germination time on the bioactive compounds in mung bean sprout extracts. Mung bean seeds were sprouted under different light exposure conditions, and the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of sprout extracts were determined compared to seeds. The results show that tryptophan sharply decreased during germination. On the contrary, melatonin, polyphenols, and total phenolic content (TPC) were elevated with increased germination time, correlated with increased antioxidant activity. Sprouts germinated in the dark presented higher levels of melatonin and TPC compared with those germinated under 12 h light exposure (3.6- and 1.5-fold, respectively). In conclusion, germination can enhance valuable phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of mung bean sprouts. Mung bean sprouts may be a good alternative functional food for promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimolwan Siriparu
- Master of Sciences Program in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panyada Panyatip
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Pota
- Melatonin Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Juthamat Ratha
- Melatonin Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Yongram
- Division of Cannabis Health Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suansunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Bunleu Sungthong
- Integrative Pharmaceuticals and Innovation of Pharmaceutical Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Melatonin Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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20
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Feng BS, Kang DC, Sun J, Leng P, Liu LX, Wang L, Ma C, Liu YG. Research on melatonin in fruits and vegetables and the mechanism of exogenous melatonin on postharvest preservation. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Melatonin and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Synergistically Regulate Plant Growth and Stress Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203250. [PMID: 36291118 PMCID: PMC9600385 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development exhibit plasticity, and plants can adapt to environmental changes and stress. Various phytohormones interact synergistically or antagonistically to regulate these responses. Melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are widespread across plant kingdom. Melatonin, an important member of the neuroendocrine immune regulatory network, can confer autoimmunity and protect against viral invasion. Melatonin functions as a plant growth regulator and biostimulant, with an important role in enhancing plant stress tolerance. IAA has a highly complex stress response mechanism, which participates in a series of stress induced physiological changes. This article reviews studies on the signaling pathways of melatonin and IAA, focusing on specific regulatory mechanisms. We discuss how these hormones coordinate plant growth and development and stress responses. Furthermore, the interactions between melatonin and IAA and their upstream and downstream transcriptional regulation are discussed from the perspective of modulating plant development and stress adaptation. The reviewed studies suggest that, at low concentrations, melatonin promotes IAA synthesis, whereas at high levels it reduces IAA levels. Similarly to IAA, melatonin promotes plant growth and development. IAA suppresses the melatonin induced inhibition of germination. IAA signaling plays an important role in plant growth and development, whereas melatonin signaling plays an important role in stress responses.
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22
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Wang K, Xing Q, Ahammed GJ, Zhou J. Functions and prospects of melatonin in plant growth, yield, and quality. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5928-5946. [PMID: 35640564 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indole molecule widely found in animals and plants. It is well known that melatonin improves plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses due to its potent free radical scavenging ability while being able to modulate plant signaling and response pathways through mostly unknown mechanisms. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that melatonin plays a crucial role in improving crop quality and yield by participating in the regulation of various aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we review the effects of melatonin on plant vegetative growth and reproductive development, and systematically summarize its molecular regulatory network. Moreover, the effective concentrations of exogenously applied melatonin in different crops or at different growth stages of the same crop are analysed. In addition, we compare endogenous phytomelatonin concentrations in various crops and different organs, and evaluate a potential function of phytomelatonin in plant circadian rhythms. The prospects of different approaches in regulating crop yield and quality through exogenous application of appropriate concentrations of melatonin, endogenous modification of phytomelatonin metabolism-related genes, and the use of nanomaterials and other technologies to improve melatonin utilization efficiency are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Wang
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qufan Xing
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
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23
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Mou Z, Wang H, Chen S, Reiter RJ, Zhao D. Molecular mechanisms and evolutionary history of phytomelatonin in flowering. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5840-5850. [PMID: 35443058 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a critical stage in plant life history, which is coordinated by environmental signals and endogenous cues. Phytomelatonin is a widely distributed indoleamine present in all living organisms and plays pleiotropic roles in plant growth and development. Recent evidence has established that phytomelatonin could modulate flowering in many species, probably in a concentration-dependent manner. Phytomelatonin seems to associate with floral meristem identification and floral organ formation, and the fluctuation of phytomelatonin might be important for flowering. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, phytomelatonin interacts with the central components of floral gene regulatory networks directly or indirectly, including the MADS-box gene family, phytohormones, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). From an evolutionary point of view, the actions of phytomelatonin in flowering probably evolved during the period of the diversification of flowering plants and could be regarded as a functional extension of its primary activities. The presumed evolutionary history of phytomelatonin-modulated flowering is proposed, presented in the chronological order of the appearance of phytomelatonin and core flowering regulators, namely DELLA proteins, ROS, and phytohormones. Further efforts are needed to address some intriguing aspects, such as the exploration of the association between phytomelatonin and photoperiodic flowering, phytomelatonin-related floral MADS-box genes, the crosstalk between phytomelatonin and phytohormones, as well as its potential applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Mou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dake Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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24
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Zhao D, Luan Y, Shi W, Tang Y, Huang X, Tao J. Melatonin enhances stem strength by increasing lignin content and secondary cell wall thickness in herbaceous peony. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5974-5991. [PMID: 35436332 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cut flower quality is severely restrained by stem bending due to low stem strength. Melatonin has been shown to function in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet whether it can enhance stem strength, and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in enhancement of stem strength in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by applying exogenous melatonin and changing endogenous melatonin biosynthesis. Endogenous melatonin content positively correlated with lignin content and stem strength in various P. lactiflora cultivars. Supplementation with exogenous melatonin significantly enhanced stem strength by increasing lignin content and the S/G lignin compositional ratio, up-regulating lignin biosynthetic gene expression. Moreover, overexpression of TRYPTOPHAN DECARBOXYLASE GENE (TDC) responsible for the first committed step of melatonin biosynthesis in tobacco, significantly increased endogenous melatonin, which further increased the S/G ratio and stem strength. In contrast, silencing PlTDC in P. lactiflora decreased endogenous melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Finally, manipulating the expression of CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE (COMT1), which is involved in both melatonin and lignin biosynthesis, showed even greater effects on melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Our results suggest that melatonin has a positive regulatory effect on P. lactiflora stem strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuting Luan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xingqi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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25
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Pesti-Asbóth G, Molnár-Bíróné P, Forgács I, Remenyik J, Dobránszki J. Ultrasonication affects the melatonin and auxin levels and the antioxidant system in potato in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979141. [PMID: 36247572 PMCID: PMC9558230 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an ancient hormone whose physiological effects have been extensively studied in animals and human. We now know that it also plays a prominent role in the growth and development of plants. In our present experiment, the relationship between endogenous melatonin and the antioxidant system was investigated in potato plant grown in vitro. Changes in redox homeostasis under ultrasound stress were examined. The concentration of small molecule antioxidants and enzymes of the three-level antioxidant pathway was measured. ELISA method was used to determine the melatonin levels in plant tissues at each growth stage (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 1 week, and 4 weeks after subculturing the explants) both in control and ultrasound-treated plants. Ultrasound stress activated the three-level defense system and decreased the endogenous melatonin levels. Melatonin was able to provide protection against membrane damage caused by drastic ultrasound treatment. Melatonin at the heart of the redox network is a key component regulating various biochemical, cellular, and physiological responses. It has a dual role, as it is able to act both as a growth regulator and an antioxidant. A close relationship was evidenced between the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid and melatonin and ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Pesti-Asbóth
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Piroska Molnár-Bíróné
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Forgács
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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26
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Heidarizadi S, Rashidi Z, Jalili C, Gholami M. Overview of biological effects of melatonin on testis: A review. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14597. [PMID: 36168927 DOI: 10.1111/and.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a major global health issue and male factors account for half of all infertility cases. One of the causes of male infertility is the loss of spermatogonial stem cells, which may occur because of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or genetic defects. In numerous animal species, the evidence suggests the pineal gland and melatonin secretion in their reproductive activities are involved. Recently, considerable attention has pointed to the usage of melatonin in the treatment of diseases. Melatonin is associated with the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythmic functions, immune system functions, retinal physiology, spermatogenesis and inhibition of tumour growth in different species. Several studies demonstrated that melatonin acts as an anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant agent. Melatonin can also protect testicles and spermatogonia against oxidative damage, chemotherapy drugs, environmental radiation, toxic substances, hyperthermia, ischemia/reperfusion, diabetes-induced testicular damage, metal-induced testicular toxicity, improve sperm quality and it affects the testosterone secretion pathway by affecting Leydig cells. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the biological effects of melatonin as a natural antioxidant on testicles and their disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Heidarizadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Rashidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Gholami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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27
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Nitric Oxide Is Essential for Melatonin to Enhance Nitrate Tolerance of Cucumber Seedlings. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185806. [PMID: 36144541 PMCID: PMC9506230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) in plants can function cooperatively to alleviate salt stress, sodic alkaline stress and immune response, as well as adventitious root formation. The interaction of MT and NO on the nitrate stress tolerance of cucumber seedlings are not well understood. We investigated the effects of exogenous MT, NO donor (SNP) and NO scavenger (cPTIO) on the growth; photosynthesis; characteristics of root morphological; accumulation of mineral elements, endogenous NO, MT, IAA and ABA; and related genes expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. “Jin You No. 1”) seedlings grown under high nitrate condition (HN). The results showed that MT and NO independently alleviated the inhibition of growth and photosynthesis capacity of cucumber seedlings under nitrate stress. NO was required for MT to enhance the root activity, root length, lateral root number and the accumulation of calcium, magnesium and iron in the roots of cucumber seedlings grown under nitrate stress. Consistently, the expression of adventitious rootless 1 gene (CsARL1) was modulated. Furthermore, exogenous MT induced accumulation of endogenous MT, NO, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), mainly within 24 h after treatment, in which MT and NO were further increased at 48 h and 96 h, IAA and ABA were further increased at 16 h in the presence of SNP. In contrast, the accumulation of endogenous IAA, MT and ABA slightly decreased within 24 h, NO significantly decreased at 192 h in the presence of cPTIO. Correspondingly, the expression levels of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism (CsNR1 and CsNR2), MT metabolism (CsT5H, CsSNAT2 and Cs2-ODD33), auxin carriers and response factors (CsAUX1, CsGH3.5, CsARF17), ABA synthesis and catabolism (CsNCED1, CsNCED3 and CsCYP707A1) were upregulated by MT, in which CsNR1, CsNR2, CsAUX1, CsNCED3 and CsT5H were further induced in the presence of SNP in roots of cucumber seedlings. These observations indicated that NO act as a crucial factor in MT, alleviating nitrate stress through regulating the mechanism of root growth in cucumber seedlings.
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28
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Triticale doubled haploid plant regeneration factors linked by structural equation modeling. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:677-690. [PMID: 36018540 PMCID: PMC9637073 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Triticale regeneration via anther culture faces many difficulties, e.g., a low percentage of regenerated plants and the presence of albinos. Plant regeneration may be affected by abiotic stresses and by ingredients added to the induction medium. The latter influences biochemical pathways and plant regeneration efficiency. Among such ingredients, copper and silver ions acting as cofactors for enzymatic reactions are of interest. However, their role in plant tissue cultures and relationships with biochemical pathways has not been studied yet. The study evaluated relationships between DNA methylation, changes in DNA sequence variation, and green plant regeneration efficiency influenced by copper and silver ions during triticale plant regeneration. For this purpose, a biological model based on donor plants and their regenerants, a methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism, and structural equation modeling were employed. The green plant regeneration efficiency varied from 0.71 to 6.06 green plants per 100 plated anthers. The values for the components of tissue culture-induced variation related to cytosine methylation in a CHH sequence context (where H is A, C, or T) were 8.65% for sequence variation, 0.76% for DNA demethylation, and 0.58% for de novo methylation. The proposed model states that copper ions affect the regeneration efficiency through cytosine methylation and may induce mutations through, e.g., oxidative processes, which may interfere with the green plant regeneration efficiency. The linear regression confirms that the plant regeneration efficiency rises with increasing copper ion concentration in the absence of Ag ions in the induction medium. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression shows that de novo methylation, demethylation, and copper ions may be involved in the green plant regeneration efficiency. According to structural equation modeling, copper ions play a central role in the model determining the regeneration efficiency.
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Genome-wide identification, characterization of Serotonin N-acetyltransferase and deciphering its importance under development, biotic and abiotic stress in soybean. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:942-953. [PMID: 35998857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is the penultimate enzyme involved in plant melatonin biosynthesis. Identifying its expression under development and stress will reveal the regulatory role in the soybean. To identify and characterize SNAT, we employed genome-wide analysis, gene structure, cis-acting elements, expression, and enzyme activity. We identified seven putative genes by genome-wide analysis and found chloroplast signal peptides in three GmSNATs. To elucidate GmSNATs role, expression datasets of more than a hundred samples related to circadian rhythm, developmental stages, and stress conditions were analysed. Notably, the expression of GmSNAT1 did not show significant expression during biotic and abiotic stress. The GmSNAT1 sequence showed 67.8 and 72.2 % similarities with OsSNAT and AtSNAT, respectively. The Km and Vmax of the purified recombinant GmSNAT1 were 657 μM and 3780 pmol/min/mg, respectively. To further understand the GmSNAT1 role, we supplemented different concentrations of serotonin and melatonin to in-vitro cultures and seed priming. These studies revealed that the GmSNAT1 expression was significantly up-regulated at higher concentrations of serotonin and down-regulated at higher melatonin concentrations. We speculate that a high concentration of melatonin during abiotic, biotic stress, and in-vitro cultures are responsible for regulating GmSNAT1 expression, which may regulate them at the enzyme level during stress in soybean.
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Fang ZT, Jin J, Ye Y, He WZ, Shu ZF, Shao JN, Fu ZS, Lu JL, Ye JH. Effects of Different Shading Treatments on the Biomass and Transcriptome Profiles of Tea Leaves ( Camellia sinensis L.) and the Regulatory Effect on Phytohormone Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909765. [PMID: 35812958 PMCID: PMC9266624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that colored net shading treatments had comparable effects on the reduction of bitter and astringent compounds such as flavonol glycosides in tea leaves, compared with black net shading treatment, whereas the effects on the biomass and phytohormones are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the phytohormone and transcriptome profiles of tea leaves under different shading treatments, using black, blue, and red nets with the same shade percentages. The bud density, fresh weight of 100 buds, and yield under blue net shading treatments were greatly elevated by 2.00-fold, 1.24-fold, and 2.48-fold, compared with black net shading treatment, while their effects on flavonoid composition were comparable with black net shading treatment. The transcriptome profiles of different shade net-treated samples were well resolved and discriminated from control. The KEGG result indicated that the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction were differentially regulated by different shading treatments. The co-expression analysis showed that the contents of salicylic acid and melatonin were closely correlated with certain light signal perception and signaling genes (p < 0.05), and UVR8, PHYE, CRY1, PHYB, PHOT2, and HY5 had more close interactions with phytohormone biosynthetic genes (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that different shading treatments can mediate the growth of tea plants, which could be attributed to the regulatory effect on phytohormones levels, providing an instruction for the production of summer/autumn tea and matcha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Tao Fang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technical Extension Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Zhong He
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Zai-Fa Shu
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Jing-Na Shao
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Fu
- Zhejiang Minghuang Natural Products Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Martínez-Lorente SE, Pardo-Hernández M, Martí-Guillén JM, López-Delacalle M, Rivero RM. Interaction between Melatonin and NO: Action Mechanisms, Main Targets, and Putative Roles of the Emerging Molecule NOmela. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126646. [PMID: 35743084 PMCID: PMC9223470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), a ubiquitous indolamine molecule, has gained interest in the last few decades due to its regulatory role in plant metabolism. Likewise, nitric oxide (NO), a gasotransmitter, can also affect plant molecular pathways due to its function as a signaling molecule. Both MEL and NO can interact at multiple levels under abiotic stress, starting with their own biosynthetic pathways and inducing a particular signaling response in plants. Moreover, their interaction can result in the formation of NOmela, a very recently discovered nitrosated form of MEL with promising roles in plant physiology. This review summarizes the role of NO and MEL molecules during plant development and fruit ripening, as well as their interactions. Due to the impact of climate-change-related abiotic stresses on agriculture, this review also focuses on the role of these molecules in mediating abiotic stress tolerance and the main mechanisms by which they operate, from the upregulation of the entire antioxidant defense system to the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of important molecules. Their individual interaction and crosstalk with phytohormones and H2S are also discussed. Finally, we introduce and summarize the little information available about NOmela, an emerging and still very unknown molecule, but that seems to have a stronger potential than MEL and NO separately in mediating plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Martínez-Lorente
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
| | - Miriam Pardo-Hernández
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
| | - José M. Martí-Guillén
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María López-Delacalle
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
| | - Rosa M. Rivero
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968396200 (ext. 445379)
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Teng Z, Zheng W, Jiang S, Hong SB, Zhu Z, Zang Y. Role of melatonin in promoting plant growth by regulating carbon assimilation and ATP accumulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111276. [PMID: 35487649 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a phytohormone important in mediating diverse plant growth processes. In this study, we performed transcriptomic, qRT-PCR, physiological and biochemical analyses of Brassica rapa seedlings in order to understand how MT promotes plant growth. The results showed that exogenous MT increased the rate of cyclic electron flow around photosystem (PS) I, fluorescence quantum yield, and electron transport efficiency between PSII and PSI to promote the vegetative growth of B. rapa seedlings without affecting oxidative stress level, as compared to control. However, MT treatment significantly reduced photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) by 2.25-, 1.23- and 3.50-fold at 0.05 level, respectively. This occurred in parallel with the down-regulation of the genes for carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms in a KEGG pathway enrichment. More accelerated plant growth despite the reduced photosynthesis rate and the enhanced electron transport rate suggested that NADPH and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were preferentially diverted into other anabolic reactions than the Calvin cycle upon MT application. MT treatment increased ATP level and facilitated carbon assimilation into primary metabolism that led to a significant enhancement of soluble protein, sucrose, and fructose, but a significant decrease in glucose content. MT-induced carbon assimilation into primary metabolism was driven by up-regulation of the genes for glutathione metabolism, Krebs cycle, ribosome, and DNA replication in a KEGG pathway enrichment, as well as down-regulation of the genes for secondary metabolites. Our results provide an insight into MT-mediated metabolic adjustments triggered by coordinate changes in a wide range of gene expression profiles to help improve the plant functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Teng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&~F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&~F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shufang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&~F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&~F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&~F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Huangfu L, Chen R, Lu Y, Zhang E, Miao J, Zuo Z, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Zhang Z, Li P, Xu Y, Yao Y, Liang G, Xu C, Zhou Y, Yang Z. OsCOMT, encoding a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase in melatonin biosynthesis, increases rice grain yield through dual regulation of leaf senescence and vascular development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1122-1139. [PMID: 35189026 PMCID: PMC9129082 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a natural phytohormone in plants, plays multiple critical roles in plant growth and stress responses. Although melatonin biosynthesis-related genes have been suggested to possess diverse biological functions, their roles and functional mechanisms in regulating rice grain yield remain largely unexplored. Here, we uncovered the roles of a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (OsCOMT) gene in mediating rice grain yield through dual regulation of leaf senescence and vascular development. In vitro and in vivo evidence revealed that OsCOMT is involved in melatonin biosynthesis. Transgenic assays suggested that OsCOMT significantly delays leaf senescence at the grain filling stage by inhibiting degradation of chlorophyll and chloroplast, which, in turn, improves photosynthesis efficiency. In addition, the number and size of vascular bundles in the culms and leaves were significantly increased in the OsCOMT-overexpressing plants, while decreased in the knockout plants, suggesting that OsCOMT plays a positive role in vascular development of rice. Further evidence indicated that OsCOMT-mediated vascular development might owe to the crosstalk between melatonin and cytokinin. More importantly, we found that OsCOMT is a positive regulator of grain yield, and overexpression of OsCOMT increase grain yield per plant even in a high-yield variety background, suggesting that OsCOMT can be used as an important target for enhancing rice yield. Our findings shed novel insights into melatonin-mediated leaf senescence and vascular development and provide a possible strategy for genetic improvement of rice grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liexiang Huangfu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Rujia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yue Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Enying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Agricultural CollegeQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zhihao Zuo
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yu Zhao
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Minyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Chenwu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and PhysiologyKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Rosales-Corral S, de Campos Zuccari DAP, de Almeida Chuffa LG. Melatonin: A mitochondrial resident with a diverse skill set. Life Sci 2022; 301:120612. [PMID: 35523285 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an ancient molecule that originated in bacteria. When these prokaryotes were phagocytized by early eukaryotes, they eventually developed into mitochondria and chloroplasts. These new organelles retained the melatonin synthetic capacity of their forerunners such that all present-day animal and plant cells may produce melatonin in their mitochondria and chloroplasts. Melatonin concentrations are higher in mitochondria than in other subcellular compartments. Isolated mouse oocyte mitochondria form melatonin when they are incubated with serotonin, a necessary precursor. Oocyte mitochondria subsequently give rise to these organelles in all adult vertebrate cells where they continue to synthesize melatonin. The enzymes that convert serotonin to melatonin, i.e., arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase, have been identified in brain mitochondria which, when incubated with serotonin, also form melatonin. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and anti-cancer agent and is optimally positioned in mitochondria to aid in the maintenance of oxidative homeostasis and to reduce cancer cell transformation. Melatonin stimulates the transfer of mitochondria from healthy cells to damaged cells via tunneling nanotubes. Melatonin also regulates the major NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 3, in the mitochondria. Disruptions of mitochondrial melatonin synthesis may contribute to a number of mitochondria-related diseases, as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP45150, Mexico
| | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
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Qari SH, Hassan MU, Chattha MU, Mahmood A, Naqve M, Nawaz M, Barbanti L, Alahdal MA, Aljabri M. Melatonin Induced Cold Tolerance in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843071. [PMID: 35371159 PMCID: PMC8967244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the most limiting factors for plant growth and development. Cold stress adversely affects plant physiology, molecular and biochemical processes by determining oxidative stress, poor nutrient and water uptake, disorganization of cellular membranes and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Therefore, to recover impaired plant functions under cold stress, the application of bio-stimulants can be considered a suitable approach. Melatonin (MT) is a critical bio-stimulant that has often shown to enhance plant performance under cold stress. Melatonin application improved plant growth and tolerance to cold stress by maintaining membrane integrity, plant water content, stomatal opening, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient and water uptake, redox homeostasis, accumulation of osmolytes, hormones and secondary metabolites, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through improved antioxidant activities and increase in expression of stress-responsive genes. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of MT induced cold tolerance and identify the diverse research gaps necessitating to be addressed in future research programs. This review discusses MT involvement in the control of various physiological and molecular responses for inducing cold tolerance. We also shed light on engineering MT biosynthesis for improving the cold tolerance in plants. Moreover, we highlighted areas where future research is needed to make MT a vital antioxidant conferring cold tolerance to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Naqve
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Lorenzo Barbanti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maryam A. Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Farouk S, AL-Huqail AA. Sustainable Biochar and/or Melatonin Improve Salinity Tolerance in Borage Plants by Modulating Osmotic Adjustment, Antioxidants, and Ion Homeostasis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:765. [PMID: 35336647 PMCID: PMC8956032 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is persistently a decisive feature confining agricultural sustainability and food security in arid and semi-arid regions. Biochar (Bi) has been advocated as a means of lessening climate changes by sequestering carbon, concurrently supplying energy and rising crop productivity under normal or stressful conditions. Melatonin (Mt) has been shown to mediate numerous biochemical pathways and play important roles in mitigating multi-stress factors. However, their integrated roles in mitigating salt toxicity remain largely inexpressible. A completely randomized design was conducted to realize the remediation potential of Bi and/or Mt in attenuation salinity injury on borage plants by evaluating its effects on growth, water status, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant capacity, ions, and finally the yield. Salinity stress significantly decreased the plant growth and attributed yield when compared with non-salinized control plants. The depression effect of salinity on borage productivity was associated with the reduction in photosynthetic pigment and ascorbic acid (AsA) concentrations, potassium (K+) percentage, K+-translocation, and potassium/sodium ratio as well as catalase (CAT) activity. Additionally, borage plants' water status was disrupted by salinity through decreasing water content (WC), relative water content (RWC), and water retention capacity (WTC), as well as water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), and turgor potential (Ψp). Moreover, salinity stress evoked oxidative bursts via hyper-accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as protein carbonyl, which is associated with membrane dysfunction. The oxidative burst was connected with the hyper-accumulation of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) in plant tissues, coupled with osmolytes' accumulation and accelerating plants' osmotic adjustment (OA) capacity. The addition of Bi and/or Mt had a positive effect in mitigating salinity on borage plants by reducing Cl-, Na+, and Na+-translocation, and oxidative biomarkers as well as Ψw, Ψs, and Ψp. Moreover, Bi and/or Mt addition to salt-affected plants increased plant growth and yield by improving plant water status and OA capacity associated with the activation of antioxidant capacity and osmolytes accumulation as well as increased photosynthetic pigments, K+, and K+/Na+ ratio. Considering these observations, Bi and/or Mt can be used as a promising approach for enhancing the productivity of salt-affected borage plants due to their roles in sustaining water relations, rising solutes synthesis, progressing OA, improving redox homeostasis, and antioxidant aptitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Farouk
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Bychkov IA, Kudryakova NV, Shugaev AG, Kuznetsov VV, Kusnetsov VV. The Melatonin Receptor CAND2/PMTR1 Is Involved in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Gene Expression under Photooxidative Stress. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 502:15-20. [PMID: 35275300 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a signaling molecule that mediates multiple stress-dependent reactions. Under photooxidative stress conditions generating intensive ROS production, exogenous melatonin (50 µM) contributed to maintaining the expression of mitochondrial encoded genes and up-regulation of RNA-polymerase genes RPOTm and RPOTmp, operating through the CAND2 receptor and α-subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein GPA1 coupled with CAND2. Unlike wild-type plants, mutants with defective CAND2 and GPA1 genes exhibited no decrease in the alternative pathway of leaf respiration, as well as the activity of an alternative oxidase, and the expression of the AOX1a gene. At the same time, the protective effect of exogenous melatonin on some physiological indicators did not depend on the receptor and was associated with the direct antioxidant function of the regulator. Thus, melatonin under photooxidative stress conditions can act as an antioxidant and as a hormone capable of regulating the expression of nuclear and organelle genes through the components of melatonin signal perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Bychkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N V Kudryakova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Shugaev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vl V Kuznetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Kusnetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Wang Z, Mu Y, Hao X, Yang J, Zhang D, Jin Z, Pei Y. H 2S aids osmotic stress resistance by S-sulfhydration of melatonin production-related enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:365-376. [PMID: 34812898 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide closed Arabidopsis thaliana stomata by increasing the transcription of melatonin-producing enzymes and the post-translational modification levels to combat osmotic stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and melatonin (MEL) reportedly have similar functions in many aspects of plant growth, development and stress response. They regulate stomatal movement and enhance drought resistance. However, their physiological relationship is not well understood. Here, their crosstalk involved in osmotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana was studied. Exogenous H2S and MEL closed stomata under normal or osmotic stress conditions and increased the relative water contents of plants under osmotic stress conditions. At the same time, exogenous H2S and MEL responded to osmotic stress by increasing the content of proline and soluble sugar, and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity. Using mutants in the MEL-associated production of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (snat), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (comt1) and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (asmt), we determined that H2S was partially dependent on MEL to close stomata. Additionally, the overexpression of ASMT promoted stomatal closure. Exogenous H2S increased the transcription levels of SNAT, ASMT and COMT1. Furthermore, exogenous H2S treatments increased the endogenous MEL content significantly. At the post-translational level, H2S sulfhydrated the SNAT and ASMT, but not COMT1, enzymes associated with MEL production. Thus, H2S appeared to promote stomatal closure in response to osmotic stress by increasing the transcription levels of MEL synthesis-related genes and the sulfhydryl modification of the encoded enzymes. These results increased our understanding of H2S and MEL functions and interactions under osmotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Wang
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yao Mu
- Institute of Space Information, Space engineering University, Beijing, 101416, China
| | - Xuefeng Hao
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jinbao Yang
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Daixuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhuping Jin
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Yanxi Pei
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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Siddiqui MH, Mukherjee S, Kumar R, Alansi S, Shah AA, Kalaji HM, Javed T, Raza A. Potassium and melatonin-mediated regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase (SBPase) activity improve photosynthetic efficiency, carbon assimilation and modulate glyoxalase system accompanying tolerance to cadmium stress in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:49-65. [PMID: 34971955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the combined action of potassium (K) and melatonin (Mel) in modulating tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress in plants is not well understood. The present study reveals the synergistic role of K and Mel in enhancing physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Cd stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. The present findings reveal that seedlings subjected to Cd toxicity exhibited disturbed nutrients balance [nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)], chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis [reduced δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) content and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity], pathway of carbon fixation [reduced fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase (SBPase) activity] and photosynthesis process in tomato seedlings. However, exogenous application of K and Mel alone as well as together improved physiological and biochemical mechanisms in tomato seedlings, but their combined application proved best by efficiently improving nutrient uptake, photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis (increased Chl a and b, and Total Chl), carbon flow in Calvin cycle, activity of Rubisco, carbonic anhydrase activity, and accumulation of total soluble carbohydrates content in seedlings under Cd toxicity. Furthermore, the combined treatment of K and Mel suppressed overproduction of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), Chl degradation [reduced chlorophyllase (Chlase) activity] and methylglyoxal content in Cd-stressed tomato seedlings by upregulating glyoxalase (increased glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activity) and antioxidant systems (increased ascorbate-glutathione metabolism). Thus, the present study provides stronger evidence that the co-application of K and Mel exhibited synergistic roles in mitigating the toxic effect of Cd stress by increasing glyoxalase and antioxidant systems and also by improving photosynthetic efficiency in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology University of Education, Lahore
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Departemnet of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Verde A, Míguez JM, Leao-Martins JM, Gago-Martínez A, Gallardo M. Melatonin content in walnuts and other commercial nuts. Influence of cultivar, ripening and processing (roasting). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ali S, Gill RA, Shafique MS, Ahmar S, Kamran M, Zhang N, Riaz M, Nawaz M, Fang R, Ali B, Zhou W. Role of phytomelatonin responsive to metal stresses: An omics perspective and future scenario. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936747. [PMID: 36147242 PMCID: PMC9486320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A pervasive melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) reveals a crucial role in stress tolerance and plant development. Melatonin (MT) is a unique molecule with multiple phenotypic expressions and numerous actions within the plants. It has been extensively studied in crop plants under different abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, cold, and heavy metals. Mainly, MT role is appraised as an antioxidant molecule that deals with oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating stress related genes. It improves the contents of different antioxidant enzyme activities and thus, regulates the redox hemostasis in crop plants. In this comprehensive review, regulatory effects of melatonin in plants as melatonin biosynthesis, signaling pathway, modulation of stress related genes and physiological role of melatonin under different heavy metal stress have been reviewed in detail. Further, this review has discussed how MT regulates different genes/enzymes to mediate defense responses and overviewed the context of transcriptomics and phenomics followed by the metabolomics pathways in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skhawat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Sunny Ahmar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rouyi Fang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
- Basharat Ali,
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Zhou,
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Fekry WME, Rashad YM, Alaraidh IA, Mehany T. Exogenous Application of Melatonin and Methyl Jasmonate as a Pre-Harvest Treatment Enhances Growth of Barhi Date Palm Trees, Prolongs Storability, and Maintains Quality of Their Fruits under Storage Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010096. [PMID: 35009099 PMCID: PMC8747476 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fresh date palm fruits (cv. Barhi) have received much attention due to their sweet taste and popularity in marketing. There is a critical need to prolong their storability, as well as maintain their quality during the postharvest and marketing periods. In this study, the effects of spraying date palm trees with melatonin (Mt) and/or methyl jasmonate (Mj) at 10, 20, and 50 ppm, on their growth and yield were investigated. In addition, impacts on quality and storability of the fruits were also studied. In general, application of Mt was mostly more effective than that of Mj, even at 50 ppm, with regard to all evaluated parameters. However, the dual treatment at 50 ppm recorded the highest relative chlorophyll and nutrient content in date palm leaves, as well as the yield and its components. Regarding the date palm fruits stored at 4 °C for 28 days, this dual treatment recorded the lowest weight loss and fruit decay values (0.14 and 2%, respectively), the highest firmness (6 g·cm−2), total soluble solids content (36 °Brix), total sugar content (32.5 g/100 g fresh weight), and the lowest total acidity (0.16 g citric acid/100 mL juice). Moreover, the highest total phenolic content and activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes in the stored fruits were also recorded for the dual treatment. In contrast to the untreated fruits, scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the sprayed fruits had a very good microstructure, showing intact and thick exocarp tissue with a dense layer of epicuticular wax. The mesocarp tissue showed a normal and clear cellular framework with well organized and arranged cells, after 28 days storage at 4 °C. Based on these results, we can conclude that application of the dual treatment (Mt + Mj) at 50 ppm is a promising way to prolong the storability of date palm fruits and maintain their quality during storage periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M. E. Fekry
- Department of Plant Production, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt;
| | - Younes M. Rashad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibrahim A. Alaraidh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Taha Mehany
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain;
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zhou W, Yang S, Zhang Q, Xiao R, Li B, Wang D, Niu J, Wang S, Wang Z. Functional Characterization of Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Genes ( SNAT1/ 2) in Melatonin Biosynthesis of Hypericum perforatum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:781717. [PMID: 34950170 PMCID: PMC8688956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum is a traditional medicinal plant that contains various secondary metabolites. As an active component in H. perforatum, melatonin plays important role in plant antioxidation, growth, and photoperiod regulation. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is the key enzyme involved in the last or penultimate step of phytomelatonin biosynthesis. A total of 48 members of SNAT family were screened and analyzed based on the whole genome data of H. perforatum, and two SNAT genes (HpSNAT1 and HpSNAT2) were functionally verified to be involved in the biosynthesis of melatonin. It was found that HpSNAT1 and HpSNAT2 were highly expressed in the leaves and showed obvious responses to high salt and drought treatment. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that these two proteins were both localized in the chloroplasts by the Arabidopsis protoplasts transient transfection. Overexpression of HpSNAT1 and HpSNAT2 in Arabidopsis (SNAT) and H. perforatum (wild-type) resulted in melatonin content 1.9-2.2-fold and 2.5-4.2-fold higher than that in control groups, respectively. Meanwhile, SNAT-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants showed a stronger ability of root growth and scavenging endogenous reactive oxygen species. In this study, the complete transgenic plants of H. perforatum were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation for the first time, which laid a significant foundation for further research on the function of key genes in H. perforatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Donghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Lee JH, Kim N, Park S, Kim SK. Analgesic effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain through glial modulation. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00819. [PMID: 34676990 PMCID: PMC8532132 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) frequently occurs in cancer patients. This side effect lowers the quality of life of patients and may cause the patients to abandon chemotherapy. Several medications (e.g., duloxetine and gabapentin) are recommended as remedies to treat CIPN; however, usage of these drugs is limited because of low efficacy or side effects such as dizziness, nausea, somnolence, and vomiting. From ancient East Asia, the decoction of medicinal herbal formulas or single herbs have been used to treat pain and could serve as alternative therapeutic option. Recently, the analgesic potency of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals on CIPN has been reported, and a majority of their effects have been shown to be mediated by glial modulation. In this review, we summarize the analgesic efficacy of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals, and discuss their possible mechanisms focusing on glial modulation in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sangwon Park
- Department of Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
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Kilic S, Coskun Y, Duran RE. Interactions of melatonin with the micro-morphological structures and physiological characteristics of lemon balm. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:183-189. [PMID: 34800822 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is defined as a plant master regulator. It regulates plant growth and development in various stress environments by increasing in amount. Effects of external MEL application on the content of the secretion products in micro-morphological structures of leaf trichomes of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) without the presence of external stress factors were characterized. The relationships between different MEL concentrations and changes in type, density and size of trichomes, total chlorophyll and proline amounts, and secretion products were defined. Furthermore, monoterpenoids, which are the main products of trichomes that determine the quality of essential oils in lemon balm, varied under the effects of MEL. Especially 100 mM MEL concentration had the most dramatic impact. The highest number of glandular trichomes (GT) were observed at this concentration. 150 mM concentration of MEL had the opposite effect. At this concentration, significant decreases in secondary metabolite content and glandular structures were observed. Thus, it was concluded that MEL had a positive effect on these parameters up to a certain concentration. Changes in the size and number of GT due to MEL application is greatly reflected by the quality and content of secondary metabolites. Total chlorophyll, proline and monoterpene numbers were highest at 100 mM MEL concentration. The effects of MEL application without the presence of any stress conditions were supported by total chlorophyll and proline content. Important information was obtained about the relationship of these effects with the density of peltate trichomes and the chemical compounds and quality of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Kilic
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32 260, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Coskun
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32 260, Turkey.
| | - Ragbet Ezgi Duran
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32 260, Turkey
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Melatonin and Pathological Cell Interactions: Mitochondrial Glucose Processing in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212494. [PMID: 34830375 PMCID: PMC8621753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is synthesized in the pineal gland at night. Since melatonin is produced in the mitochondria of all other cells in a non-circadian manner, the amount synthesized by the pineal gland is less than 5% of the total. Melatonin produced in mitochondria influences glucose metabolism in all cells. Many pathological cells adopt aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) in which pyruvate is excluded from the mitochondria and remains in the cytosol where it is metabolized to lactate. The entrance of pyruvate into the mitochondria of healthy cells allows it to be irreversibly decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). The exclusion of pyruvate from the mitochondria in pathological cells prevents the generation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. This is relevant to mitochondrial melatonin production, as acetyl-CoA is a required co-substrate/co-factor for melatonin synthesis. When PDH is inhibited during aerobic glycolysis or during intracellular hypoxia, the deficiency of acetyl-CoA likely prevents mitochondrial melatonin synthesis. When cells experiencing aerobic glycolysis or hypoxia with a diminished level of acetyl-CoA are supplemented with melatonin or receive it from another endogenous source (pineal-derived), pathological cells convert to a more normal phenotype and support the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria, thereby re-establishing a healthier mitochondrial metabolic physiology.
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Abstract
Abiotic stress adversely affects plant growth and metabolism and as such reduces plant productivity. Recognized as a major contributor in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it hinders the growth of plants through induction of oxidative stress. Biostimulants such as melatonin have a multifunctional role, acting as a defense strategy in minimizing the effects of oxidative stress. Melatonin plays important role in plant processes ranging from seed germination to senescence, besides performing the function of a biostimulant in improving the plant’s productivity. In addition to its important role in the signaling cascade, melatonin acts as an antioxidant that helps in scavenging ROS, generated as part of different stresses among plants. The current study was undertaken to elaborate the synthesis and regulation of melatonin in plants, besides emphasizing its function under various abiotic stress namely, salt, temperature, herbicides, heavy metals, and drought. Additionally, a special consideration was put on the crosstalk of melatonin with phytohormones to overcome plant abiotic stress.
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Cui H, Yang F, Li Y. Exogenous methyl jasmonate enhances lipid production in Isochrysis galbana under nitrogen deprivation and high light. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anderson AJ, Kim YC. The Plant-Stress Metabolites, Hexanoic Aacid and Melatonin, Are Potential "Vaccines" for Plant Health Promotion. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:415-427. [PMID: 34847628 PMCID: PMC8632612 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.01.2021.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of compounds stimulate protective mechanisms in plants against microbial pathogens and abiotic stresses. Some defense activators are synthetic compounds and trigger responses only in certain protective pathways, such as activation of defenses under regulation by the plant regulator, salicylic acid (SA). This review discusses the potential of naturally occurring plant metabolites as primers for defense responses in the plant. The production of the metabolites, hexanoic acid and melatonin, in plants means they are consumed when plants are eaten as foods. Both metabolites prime stronger and more rapid activation of plant defense upon subsequent stress. Because these metabolites trigger protective measures in the plant they can be considered as "vaccines" to promote plant vigor. Hexanoic acid and melatonin instigate systemic changes in plant metabolism associated with both of the major defense pathways, those regulated by SA- and jasmonic acid (JA). These two pathways are well studied because of their induction by different microbial triggers: necrosis-causing microbial pathogens induce the SA pathway whereas colonization by beneficial microbes stimulates the JA pathway. The plant's responses to the two metabolites, however, are not identical with a major difference being a characterized growth response with melatonin but not hexanoic acid. As primers for plant defense, hexanoic acid and melatonin have the potential to be successfully integrated into vaccination-like strategies to protect plants against diseases and abiotic stresses that do not involve man-made chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J. Anderson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Young Cheol Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Brown GM, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pupko H, Kennedy JL, Cardinali DP. Melatonin as an Add-On Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: Current Status. Diseases 2021; 9:64. [PMID: 34562971 PMCID: PMC8482145 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief review was written to provide a perspective on the flurry of reports suggesting that melatonin can be an important add-on therapy for COVID-19. Despite the passage of more than 60 years since its discovery and much evidence representing the contrary, there has been great reluctance to conceive melatonin as anything other than a hormone. Many other body chemicals are known to have multiple roles. Melatonin was first shown to be a hormone derived from the pineal gland, to be actively synthesized there only at night, and to act on targets directly or via the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily. It is of note that over 40 years ago, it was also established that melatonin is present, synthesized locally, and acts within the gastrointestinal tract. A wider distribution was then found, including the retina and multiple body tissues. In addition, melatonin is now known to have non-hormonal actions, acting as a free radical scavenger, an antioxidant, and as modulating immunity, dampening down innate tissue responses to invaders while boosting the production of antibodies against them. These actions make it a potentially excellent weapon against infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Early published results support that thesis. Recently, a randomized controlled study reported that low doses of melatonin significantly improved symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, leading to more rapid discharge with no side effects, while significantly decreasing levels of CRP, proinflammatory cytokines, and modulating dysregulated genes governing cellular and humoral immunity. It is now critical that these trials be repeated, with dose-response studies conducted and safety proven. Numerous randomized controlled trials are ongoing, which should complete those objectives while also allowing for a more thorough evaluation of the mechanisms of action and possible applications to other severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Brown
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Molecular Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada;
| | - Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc., Toronto, ON M6H 1C5, Canada;
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Harold Pupko
- Primary Care Mental Health Physician, Bathurst St., Toronto, ON M3H 3S3, Canada;
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Molecular Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada;
| | - Daniel P. Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires 1007, Argentina;
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