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Barrett L, Coopman K. Cell microencapsulation techniques for cancer modelling and drug discovery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:345-354. [PMID: 38829715 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2359996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation into spherical microparticles is a promising bioengineering tool in many fields, including 3D cancer modelling and pre-clinical drug discovery. Cancer microencapsulation models can more accurately reflect the complex solid tumour microenvironment than 2D cell culture and therefore would improve drug discovery efforts. However, these microcapsules, typically in the range of 1 - 5000 µm in diameter, must be carefully designed and amenable to high-throughput production. This review therefore aims to outline important considerations in the design of cancer cell microencapsulation models for drug discovery applications and examine current techniques to produce these. Extrusion (dripping) droplet generation and emulsion-based techniques are highlighted and their suitability to high-throughput drug screening in terms of tumour physiology and ease of scale up is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Barrett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Aeronautical, Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Karen Coopman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Aeronautical, Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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2
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Küstermann C, Narbute K, Movčana V, Parfejevs V, Rūmnieks F, Kauķis P, Priedols M, Mikilps-Mikgelbs R, Mihailova M, Andersone S, Dzalbs A, Bajo-Santos C, Krams A, Abols A. iPSC-derived lung and lung cancer organoid model to evaluate cisplatin encapsulated autologous iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-isolated extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:246. [PMID: 39113093 PMCID: PMC11304910 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Although recent therapeutic advancements have provided targeted treatment approaches, the development of resistance and systemic toxicity remain primary concerns. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially those derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), have gained attention as promising drug delivery systems, offering biocompatibility and minimal immune responses. Recognizing the limitations of conventional 2D cell culture systems in mimicking the tumor microenvironment, this study aims to describe a proof-of-principle approach for using patient-specific organoid models for both lung cancer and normal lung tissue and the feasibility of employing autologous EVs derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-MSC in personalized medicine approaches. METHODS First, we reprogrammed healthy fibroblasts into iPSC. Next, we differentiated patient-derived iPSC into branching lung organoids (BLO) and generated patient-matched lung cancer organoids (LCO) from patient-derived tumor tissue. We show a streamlined process of MSC differentiation from iPSC and EV isolation from iPSC-MSC, encapsulated with 0.07 µg/mL of cytotoxic agent cisplatin and applied to both organoid models. Cytotoxicity of cisplatin and cisplatin-loaded EVs was recorded with LDH and CCK8 tests. RESULTS Fibroblast-derived iPSC showed a normal karyotype, pluripotency staining, and trilineage differentiation. iPSC-derived BLO showed expression of lung markers, like TMPRSS2 and MUC5A while patient-matched LCO showed expression of Napsin and CK5. Next, we compared the effects of iPSC-MSC derived EVs loaded with cisplatin against empty EVs and cisplatin alone in lung cancer organoid and healthy lung organoid models. As expected, we found a cytotoxic effect when LCO were treated with 20 µg/mL cisplatin. Treatment of LCO and BLO with empty EVs resulted in a cytotoxic effect after 24 h. However, EVs loaded with 0.07 µg/mL cisplatin failed to induce any cytotoxic effect in both organoid models. CONCLUSION We report on a proof-of-principle pipeline towards using autologous or allogeneic iPSC-MSC EVs as drug delivery tests for lung cancer in future. However, due to the time and labor-intensive processes, we conclude that this pipeline might not be feasible for personalized approaches at the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Küstermann
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia.
| | - Karīna Narbute
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Valērija Movčana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Vadims Parfejevs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Iela 3, Riga, Latvia
| | - Fēlikss Rūmnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Pauls Kauķis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Miks Priedols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Rihards Mikilps-Mikgelbs
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital Center of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Upeslejas, Ropažu Novads, Latvia
| | | | | | - Aigars Dzalbs
- IVF Riga Stem Cell Center, Zaļā Iela 1, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Cristina Bajo-Santos
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Alvils Krams
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital Center of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Upeslejas, Ropažu Novads, Latvia
| | - Arturs Abols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes Iela 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
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Shin YB, Choi JY, Yoon MS, Yoo MK, Shin DH, Lee JW. Evaluation of Anticancer Efficacy of D-α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene-Glycol Succinate and Soluplus ® Mixed Micelles Loaded with Olaparib and Rapamycin Against Ovarian Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7871-7893. [PMID: 39114180 PMCID: PMC11304412 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s468935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate and lowest survival rate among female reproductive system malignancies. There are treatment options of surgery and chemotherapy, but both are limited. In this study, we developed and evaluated micelles composed of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene-glycol (PEG) 1000 succinate (TPGS) and Soluplus® (SOL) loaded with olaparib (OLA), a poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, and rapamycin (RAPA), a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor in ovarian cancer. Methods We prepared micelles containing different molar ratios of OLA and RAPA embedded in different weight ratios of TPGS and SOL (OLA/RAPA-TPGS/SOL) were prepared and physicochemical characterized. Furthermore, we performed in vitro cytotoxicity experiments of OLA, RAPA, and OLA/RAPA-TPGS/SOL. In vivo toxicity and antitumor efficacy assays were also performed to assess the efficacy of the mixed micellar system. Results OLA/RAPA-TPGS/SOL containing a 4:1 TPGS:SOL weight ratio and a 2:3 OLA:RAPA molar ratio showed synergistic effects and were optimized. The drug encapsulation efficiency of this formulation was >65%, and the physicochemical properties were sustained for 180 days. Moreover, the formulation had a high cell uptake rate and significantly inhibited cell migration (**p < 0.01). In the in vivo toxicity test, no toxicity was observed, with the exception of the high dose group. Furthermore, OLA/RAPA-TPGS/SOL markedly inhibited tumor spheroid and tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Compared to the control, OLA/RAPA-TPGS/SOL showed significant tumor inhibition. These findings lay a foundation for the use of TPGS/SOL mixed micelles loaded with OLA and RAPA in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Been Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Choi
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Sup Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Kyun Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
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4
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Bravo M, Fortuni B, Mulvaney P, Hofkens J, Uji-I H, Rocha S, Hutchison JA. Nanoparticle-mediated thermal Cancer therapies: Strategies to improve clinical translatability. J Control Release 2024; 372:751-777. [PMID: 38909701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances, cancer remains a leading global cause of death. Current therapies often fail due to incomplete tumor removal and nonspecific targeting, spurring interest in alternative treatments. Hyperthermia, which uses elevated temperatures to kill cancer cells or boost their sensitivity to radio/chemotherapy, has emerged as a promising alternative. Recent advancements employ nanoparticles (NPs) as heat mediators for selective cancer cell destruction, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. This approach, known as NP hyperthermia, falls into two categories: photothermal therapies (PTT) and magnetothermal therapies (MTT). PTT utilizes NPs that convert light to heat, while MTT uses magnetic NPs activated by alternating magnetic fields (AMF), both achieving localized tumor damage. These methods offer advantages like precise targeting, minimal invasiveness, and reduced systemic toxicity. However, the efficacy of NP hyperthermia depends on many factors, in particular, the NP properties, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and TME-NP interactions. Optimizing this treatment requires accurate heat monitoring strategies, such as nanothermometry and biologically relevant screening models that can better mimic the physiological features of the tumor in the human body. This review explores the state-of-the-art in NP-mediated cancer hyperthermia, discussing available nanomaterials, their strengths and weaknesses, characterization methods, and future directions. Our particular focus lies in preclinical NP screening techniques, providing an updated perspective on their efficacy and relevance in the journey towards clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bravo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - B Fortuni
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - P Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J Hofkens
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - H Uji-I
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita ward, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - S Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - J A Hutchison
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Negi R, Srivastava A, Srivastava AK, Vatsa P, Ansari UA, Khan B, Singh H, Pandeya A, Pant AB. Proteomic-miRNA Biomics Profile Reveals 2D Cultures of Human iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells More Sensitive than 3D Spheroid System Against the Experimental Exposure to Arsenic. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5754-5770. [PMID: 38228842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The iPSC-derived 3D models are considered to be a connective link between 2D culture and in vivo studies. However, the sensitivity of such 3D models is yet to be established. We assessed the sensitivity of the hiPSC-derived 3D spheroids against 2D cultures of neural progenitor cells. The sub-toxic dose of Sodium Arsenite (SA) was used to investigate the alterations in miRNA-proteins in both systems. Though SA exposure induced significant alterations in the proteins in both 2D and 3D systems, these proteins were uncommon except for 20 proteins. The number and magnitude of altered proteins were higher in the 2D system compared to 3D. The association of dysregulated miRNAs with the target proteins showed their involvement primarily in mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative and ER stress, transcription and translation mechanism, cytostructure, etc., in both culture systems. Further, the impact of dysregulated miRNAs and associated proteins on these functions and ultrastructural changes was compared in both culture systems. The ultrastructural studies revealed a similar pattern of mitochondrial damage, while the cellular bioenergetics studies confirm a significantly higher energy failure in the 2D system than to 3D. Such a higher magnitude of changes could be correlated with a higher amount of internalization of SA in 2D cultures than in 3D spheroids. Our findings demonstrate that a 2D culture system seems better responsive than a 3D spheroid system against SA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Negi
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - A K Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Vatsa
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - U A Ansari
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - B Khan
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H Singh
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Pandeya
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A B Pant
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Liu J, Du H, Huang L, Xie W, Liu K, Zhang X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Li D, Pan H. AI-Powered Microfluidics: Shaping the Future of Phenotypic Drug Discovery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38832-38851. [PMID: 39016521 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), which involves harnessing biological systems directly to uncover effective drugs, has undergone a resurgence in recent years. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) over the past few years presents numerous opportunities for augmenting phenotypic drug screening on microfluidic platforms, leveraging its predictive capabilities, data analysis, efficient data processing, etc. Microfluidics coupled with AI is poised to revolutionize the landscape of phenotypic drug discovery. By integrating advanced microfluidic platforms with AI algorithms, researchers can rapidly screen large libraries of compounds, identify novel drug candidates, and elucidate complex biological pathways with unprecedented speed and efficiency. This review provides an overview of recent advances and challenges in AI-based microfluidics and their applications in drug discovery. We discuss the synergistic combination of microfluidic systems for high-throughput screening and AI-driven analysis for phenotype characterization, drug-target interactions, and predictive modeling. In addition, we highlight the potential of AI-powered microfluidics to achieve an automated drug screening system. Overall, AI-powered microfluidics represents a promising approach to shaping the future of phenotypic drug discovery by enabling rapid, cost-effective, and accurate identification of therapeutically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hanze Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wangni Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kexuan Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daowei Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Valera PS, Henriques-Pereira M, Wagner M, Gaspar VM, Mano JF, Liz-Marzán LM. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Monitoring of Tryptophan Dynamics in 3D Pancreatic Tumor Models. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 39038809 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
In the intricate landscape of the tumor microenvironment, both cancer and stromal cells undergo rapid metabolic adaptations to support their growth. Given the relevant role of the metabolic secretome in fueling tumor progression, its unique metabolic characteristics have gained prominence as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. As a result, rapid and accurate tools have been developed to track metabolic changes in the tumor microenvironment with high sensitivity and resolution. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a highly sensitive analytical technique and has been proven efficient toward the detection of metabolites in biological media. However, profiling secreted metabolites in complex cellular environments such as those in tumor-stroma 3D in vitro models remains challenging. To address this limitation, we employed a SERS-based strategy to investigate the metabolic secretome of pancreatic tumor models within 3D cultures. We aimed to monitor the immunosuppressive potential of stratified pancreatic cancer-stroma spheroids as compared to 3D cultures of either pancreatic cancer cells or cancer-associated fibroblasts, focusing on the metabolic conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine by the IDO-1 enzyme. We additionally sought to elucidate the dynamics of tryptophan consumption in correlation with the size, temporal evolution, and composition of the spheroids, as well as assessing the effects of different drugs targeting the IDO-1 machinery. As a result, we confirm that SERS can be a valuable tool toward the optimization of cancer spheroids, in connection with their tryptophan metabolizing capacity, potentially allowing high-throughput spheroid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S Valera
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Universitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Margarida Henriques-Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marita Wagner
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Universitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIC nanoGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Cinbio, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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8
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Llopis-Grimalt M, Munar-Bestard M, Ramis-Munar G, Smith D, Starborg T, Kadler KE, Monjo M, Ramis JM. Nanostructured Implant-Tissue Interface Assessment Using a Three-Dimensional Gingival Tissue Equivalent. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30534-30543. [PMID: 39035935 PMCID: PMC11256113 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Improved soft tissue integration (STI) around dental implants is key for implant success. The formation of an early and long-lasting transmucosal seal around the implant abutment might help to prevent peri-implantitis, one of the major causes of late implant failure. In natural teeth, collagen fibers are firmly inserted and fixed in the cementum of the tooth and emerge perpendicular to the gingival tissue. In contrast, around dental implants, collagen fibers run predominantly parallel to the implant surface, allowing bacterial migration into the peri-implant interface that might lead to peri-implantitis. Previous studies have shown that nanostructured Ti surfaces improve gingival cell response in monolayer cell cultures. Here, we aimed at evaluating the implant-tissue interface using a 3D gingival tissue equivalent (GTE). First, we evaluated the GTE response to a nanostructured (NN) and machined Ti surface after the stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to simulate peri-implantitis conditions. Thus, GTE viability, through MTT assay, the release of metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) and its inhibitor (TIMP1) through ELISA, and the gene expression of extracellular matrix turnover genes by real-time RT-PCR were analyzed. Second, GTE-implant interaction was characterized by serial block face scanning electron microscopy, and collagen-1 orientation at the tissue-implant interface was analyzed by immunofluorescence. While a similar GTE response to LPS stimulation was found for both implant surfaces, a higher proportion of collagen oriented perpendicular to the implant was observed on the NN implant surface. Thus, our results indicate that the nanostructuration of titanium dental implant abutments could allow the correct orientation of collagen fibers and greater soft tissue sealing, while keeping biocompatibility levels and LPS response comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Antonia Llopis-Grimalt
- Group
of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Department of Fundamental
Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences
(IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, Palma 07010, Spain
| | - Marta Munar-Bestard
- Group
of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Department of Fundamental
Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences
(IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, Palma 07010, Spain
| | - Guillem Ramis-Munar
- Cellomics
Unit, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain
| | - David Smith
- Wellcome
Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and
Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Starborg
- Wellcome
Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and
Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Karl E. Kadler
- Wellcome
Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and
Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Monjo
- Group
of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Department of Fundamental
Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences
(IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, Palma 07010, Spain
| | - Joana M. Ramis
- Group
of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Department of Fundamental
Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences
(IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, IdISBa, Palma 07010, Spain
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9
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Ismayilzada N, Tarar C, Dabbagh SR, Tokyay BK, Dilmani SA, Sokullu E, Abaci HE, Tasoglu S. Skin-on-a-chip technologies towards clinical translation and commercialization. Biofabrication 2024; 16:042001. [PMID: 38964314 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body which plays a critical role in thermoregulation, metabolism (e.g. synthesis of vitamin D), and protection of other organs from environmental threats, such as infections, microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation, and physical damage. Even though skin diseases are considered to be less fatal, the ubiquity of skin diseases and irritation caused by them highlights the importance of skin studies. Furthermore, skin is a promising means for transdermal drug delivery, which requires a thorough understanding of human skin structure. Current animal andin vitrotwo/three-dimensional skin models provide a platform for disease studies and drug testing, whereas they face challenges in the complete recapitulation of the dynamic and complex structure of actual skin tissue. One of the most effective methods for testing pharmaceuticals and modeling skin diseases are skin-on-a-chip (SoC) platforms. SoC technologies provide a non-invasive approach for examining 3D skin layers and artificially creating disease models in order to develop diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In addition, SoC models enable dynamic perfusion of culture medium with nutrients and facilitate the continuous removal of cellular waste to further mimic thein vivocondition. Here, the article reviews the most recent advances in the design and applications of SoC platforms for disease modeling as well as the analysis of drugs and cosmetics. By examining the contributions of different patents to the physiological relevance of skin models, the review underscores the significant shift towards more ethical and efficient alternatives to animal testing. Furthermore, it explores the market dynamics ofin vitroskin models and organ-on-a-chip platforms, discussing the impact of legislative changes and market demand on the development and adoption of these advanced research tools. This article also identifies the existing obstacles that hinder the advancement of SoC platforms, proposing directions for future improvements, particularly focusing on the journey towards clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Ismayilzada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tarar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | | | - Begüm Kübra Tokyay
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sara Asghari Dilmani
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Emel Sokullu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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10
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Celotti M, Derks LLM, van Es J, van Boxtel R, Clevers H, Geurts MH. Protocol to create isogenic disease models from adult stem cell-derived organoids using next-generation CRISPR tools. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103189. [PMID: 39003744 PMCID: PMC11298932 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Isogenic disease models, such as genetically engineered organoids, provide insight into the impact of genetic variants on organ function. Here, we present a protocol to create isogenic disease models from adult stem cell-derived organoids using next-generation CRISPR tools. We describe steps for single guide RNA (sgRNA) design and cloning, electroporation, and selecting electroporated cells. We then detail procedures for clonal line generation. Next-generation CRISPR tools do not require double-stranded break (DSB) induction for their function, thus simplifying in vitro disease model generation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Geurts et al.1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Celotti
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lucca L M Derks
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Geurts
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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11
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Bayona C, Wrona M, Ranđelović T, Nerín C, Salafranca J, Ochoa I. Development of an organ-on-chip model for the detection of volatile organic compounds as potential biomarkers of tumour progression. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045002. [PMID: 38866002 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of tumours remains a significant challenge due to their invasive nature and the limitations of current monitoring techniques. Liquid biopsies have emerged as a minimally invasive diagnostic approach, wherein volatile organic compounds (VOCs) show potential as compelling candidates. However, distinguishing tumour-specific VOCs is difficult due to the presence of gases from non-tumour tissues and environmental factors. Therefore, it is essential to develop preclinical models that accurately mimic the intricate tumour microenvironment to induce cellular metabolic changes and secretion of tumour-associated VOCs. In this study, a microfluidic device was used to recreate the ischaemic environment within solid tumours for the detection of tumour-derived VOCs. The system represents a significant advance in understanding the role of VOCs as biomarkers for early tumour detection and holds the potential to improve patient prognosis; particularly for inaccessible and rapidly progressing tumours such as glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bayona
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Magdalena Wrona
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (EINA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3 (Edificio Torres Quevedo), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teodora Ranđelović
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (EINA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3 (Edificio Torres Quevedo), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Salafranca
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (EINA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3 (Edificio Torres Quevedo), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Wang C, Nagayach A, Patel H, Dao L, Zhu H, Wasylishen AR, Fan Y, Kendler A, Guo Z. Utilizing human cerebral organoids to model breast cancer brain metastasis in culture. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:108. [PMID: 38951862 PMCID: PMC11218086 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis, the spread, and growth of malignant cells at secondary sites within a patient's body, accounts for over 90% of cancer-related mortality. Breast cancer is the most common tumor type diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer lethality in women in the United States. It is estimated that 10-16% breast cancer patients will have brain metastasis. Current therapies to treat patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) remain palliative. This is largely due to our limited understanding of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms through which BCBM progresses, which represents a critical barrier for the development of efficient therapies for affected breast cancer patients. METHODS Previous research in BCBM relied on co-culture assays of tumor cells with rodent neural cells or rodent brain slice ex vivo. Given the need to overcome the obstacle for human-relevant host to study cell-cell communication in BCBM, we generated human embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral organoids to co-culture with human breast cancer cell lines. We used MDA-MB-231 and its brain metastatic derivate MDA-MB-231 Br-EGFP, other cell lines of MCF-7, HCC-1806, and SUM159PT. We leveraged this novel 3D co-culture platform to investigate the crosstalk of human breast cancer cells with neural cells in cerebral organoid. RESULTS We found that MDA-MB-231 and SUM159PT breast cancer cells formed tumor colonies in human cerebral organoids. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 Br-EGFP cells showed increased capacity to invade and expand in human cerebral organoids. CONCLUSIONS Our co-culture model has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to discern the brain metastatic ability of human breast cancer cells in cerebral organoids. The generation of BCBM-like structures in organoid will facilitate the study of human tumor microenvironment in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Harsh Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Lan Dao
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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13
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Kwartler CS, Pinelo JEE. Use of iPSC-Derived Smooth Muscle Cells to Model Physiology and Pathology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1523-1536. [PMID: 38695171 PMCID: PMC11209779 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The implementation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models has introduced an additional tool for identifying molecular mechanisms of disease that complement animal models. Patient-derived or CRISPR/Cas9-edited induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been leveraged to discover novel mechanisms, screen potential therapeutic strategies, and model in vivo development. The field has evolved over almost 15 years of research using hiPSC-SMCs and has made significant strides toward overcoming initial challenges such as the lineage specificity of SMC phenotypes. However, challenges both specific (eg, the lack of specific markers to thoroughly validate hiPSC-SMCs) and general (eg, a lack of transparency and consensus around methodology in the field) remain. In this review, we highlight the recent successes and remaining challenges of the hiPSC-SMC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie S. Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jose Emiliano Esparza Pinelo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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14
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Luo H, Zhou H, Chen Y, Sun X, Li Y, Li G, Long S, Wang S, Liang G, Chen S. Hypoxia impairs urothelial barrier function by inhibiting the expression of tight junction proteins in SV-HUC-1 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18545. [PMID: 39031471 PMCID: PMC11258885 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in the pathological process of bladder outlet obstruction. Previous research has mostly focused on the dysfunction of bladder smooth muscle cells, which are directly related to bladder contraction. This study delves into the barrier function changes of the urothelial cells under exposure to hypoxia. Results indicated that after a 5-day culture, SV-HUC-1 formed a monolayer and/or bilayer of cell sheets, with tight junction formation, but no asymmetrical unit membrane was observed. qPCR and western blotting revealed the expression of TJ-associated proteins (occludin, claudin1 and ZO-1) was significantly decreased in the hypoxia group in a time-dependent manner. No expression changes were observed in uroplakins. When compared to normoxic groups, immunofluorescent staining revealed a reduction in the expression of TJ-associated proteins in the hypoxia group. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) revealed a statistically significant decrease in resistance in the hypoxia group. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran assay was inversely proportional to the results of TEER. Taken together, hypoxia down-regulates the expression of TJ-associated proteins and breaks tight junctions, thus impairing the barrier function in human urothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijiu Luo
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xianwu Sun
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yihuan Li
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Guangjie Li
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Shouyi Long
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Shulian Chen
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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15
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Piraino F, Costa M, Meyer M, Cornish G, Ceroni C, Garnier V, Hoehnel-Ka S, Brandenberg N. Organoid models: the future companions of personalized drug development. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032009. [PMID: 38608454 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
High failure rates of the current drug development process are driving exemplary changes toward methodologies centered on human diseasein-vitromodeling. Organoids are self-organized tissue sub-units resembling their organ of origin and are widely acknowledged for their unique potential in recapitulating human physio-pathological mechanisms. They are transformative for human health by becoming the platform of choice to probe disease mechanisms and advance new therapies. Furthermore, the compounds' validation as therapeutics represents another point of the drug development pipeline where organoids may provide key understandings and help pharma organizations replace or reduce animal research. In this review, we focus on gastrointestinal organoid models, which are currently the most advanced organoid models in drug development. We focus on experimental validations of their value, and we propose avenues to enhance their use in drug discovery and development, as well as precision medicine and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Costa
- Doppl SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Meyer
- Doppl SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Li X, Wang M, Davis TP, Zhang L, Qiao R. Advancing Tissue Culture with Light-Driven 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:301. [PMID: 38920605 PMCID: PMC11201418 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing presents a compelling alternative for fabricating microfluidic devices, circumventing certain limitations associated with traditional soft lithography methods. Microfluidics play a crucial role in the biomedical sciences, particularly in the creation of tissue spheroids and pharmaceutical research. Among the various 3D printing techniques, light-driven methods such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and photopolymer inkjet printing have gained prominence in microfluidics due to their rapid prototyping capabilities, high-resolution printing, and low processing temperatures. This review offers a comprehensive overview of light-driven 3D printing techniques used in the fabrication of advanced microfluidic devices. It explores biomedical applications for 3D-printed microfluidics and provides insights into their potential impact and functionality within the biomedical field. We further summarize three light-driven 3D printing strategies for producing biomedical microfluidic systems: direct construction of microfluidic devices for cell culture, PDMS-based microfluidic devices for tissue engineering, and a modular SLA-printed microfluidic chip to co-culture and monitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liwen Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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17
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Alwahsh M, Al-Doridee A, Jasim S, Awwad O, Hergenröder R, Hamadneh L. Cytotoxic and molecular differences of anticancer agents on 2D and 3D cell culture. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:721. [PMID: 38829450 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and multidrug resistance are regarded as concerns related to poor health outcomes. It was found that the monolayer of 2D cancer cell cultures lacks many important features compared to Multicellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS) or 3D cell cultures which instead have the ability to mimic more closely the in vivo tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to produce 3D cell cultures from different cancer cell lines and to examine the cytotoxic activity of anticancer medications on both 2D and 3D systems, as well as to detect alterations in the expression of certain genes levels. METHOD 3D cell culture was produced using 3D microtissue molds. The cytotoxic activities of colchicine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel were tested on 2D and 3D cell culture systems obtained from different cell lines (A549, H1299, MCF-7, and DU-145). IC50 values were determined by MTT assay. In addition, gene expression levels of PIK3CA, AKT1, and PTEN were evaluated by qPCR. RESULTS Similar cytotoxic activities were observed on both 3D and 2D cell cultures, however, higher concentrations of anticancer medications were needed for the 3D system. For instance, paclitaxel showed an IC50 of 6.234 µM and of 13.87 µM on 2D and 3D H1299 cell cultures, respectively. Gene expression of PIK3CA in H1299 cells also showed a higher fold change in 3D cell culture compared to 2D system upon treatment with doxorubicin. CONCLUSION When compared to 2D cell cultures, the behavior of cells in the 3D system showed to be more resistant to anticancer treatments. Due to their shape, growth pattern, hypoxic core features, interaction between cells, biomarkers synthesis, and resistance to treatment penetration, the MCTS have the advantage of better simulating the in vivo tumor conditions. As a result, it is reasonable to conclude that 3D cell cultures may be a more promising model than the traditional 2D system, offering a better understanding of the in vivo molecular changes in response to different potential treatments and multidrug resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwahsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan.
| | - Amani Al-Doridee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan
| | - Suhair Jasim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan
| | - Oriana Awwad
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Roland Hergenröder
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lama Hamadneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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18
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Ferraro R, Guido S, Caserta S, Tassieri M. i -Rheo-optical assay: Measuring the viscoelastic properties of multicellular spheroids. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101066. [PMID: 38693994 PMCID: PMC11061759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel mechanobiology assay, named "i-Rheo-optical assay", that integrates rheology with optical microscopy for analysing the viscoelastic properties of multicellular spheroids. These spheroids serve as three-dimensional models resembling tissue structures. The innovative technique enables real-time observation and quantification of morphological responses to applied stress using a cost-effective microscope coverslip for constant compression force application. By bridging a knowledge gap in biophysical research, which has predominantly focused on the elastic properties while only minimally exploring the viscoelastic nature in multicellular systems, the i-Rheo-optical assay emerges as an effective tool. It facilitates the measurement of broadband viscoelastic compressional moduli in spheroids, here derived from cancer (PANC-1) and non-tumoral (NIH/3T3) cell lines during compression tests. This approach plays a crucial role in elucidating the mechanical properties of spheroids and holds potential for identifying biomarkers to discriminate between healthy tissues and their pathological counterparts. Offering comprehensive insights into the biomechanical behaviour of biological systems, i-Rheo-optical assay marks a significant advancement in tissue engineering, cancer research, and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Ferraro
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G11 6EW, UK
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19
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Gagnon KA, Huang J, Hix OT, Hui VW, Hinds A, Bullitt E, Eyckmans J, Kotton DN, Chen CS. Multicompartment duct platform to study epithelial-endothelial crosstalk associated with lung adenocarcinoma. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:026126. [PMID: 38911024 PMCID: PMC11191334 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous lung-on-chip devices have facilitated significant advances in our understanding of lung biology and pathology. Here, we describe a novel lung-on-a-chip model in which human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar epithelial type II cells (iAT2s) form polarized duct-like lumens alongside engineered perfused vessels lined with human umbilical vein endothelium, all within a 3D, physiologically relevant microenvironment. Using this model, we investigated the morphologic and signaling consequences of the KRASG12D mutation, a commonly identified oncogene in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We show that expression of the mutant KRASG12D isoform in iAT2s leads to a hyperproliferative response and morphologic dysregulation in the epithelial monolayer. Interestingly, the mutant epithelia also drive an angiogenic response in the adjacent vasculature that is mediated by enhanced secretion of the pro-angiogenic factor soluble uPAR. These results demonstrate the functionality of a multi-cellular in vitro platform capable of modeling mutation-specific behavioral and signaling changes associated with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Veronica W. Hui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anne Hinds
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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20
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Kalla J, Pfneissl J, Mair T, Tran L, Egger G. A systematic review on the culture methods and applications of 3D tumoroids for cancer research and personalized medicine. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00960-8. [PMID: 38806997 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, and thus treatment responses vary greatly between patients. To improve therapy efficacy and outcome for cancer patients, more representative and patient-specific preclinical models are needed. Organoids and tumoroids are 3D cell culture models that typically retain the genetic and epigenetic characteristics, as well as the morphology, of their tissue of origin. Thus, they can be used to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis in a more physiological setting. Additionally, co-culture methods of tumoroids and cancer-associated cells can help to understand the interplay between a tumor and its tumor microenvironment. In recent years, tumoroids have already helped to refine treatments and to identify new targets for cancer therapy. Advanced culturing systems such as chip-based fluidic devices and bioprinting methods in combination with tumoroids have been used for high-throughput applications for personalized medicine. Even though organoid and tumoroid models are complex in vitro systems, validation of results in vivo is still the common practice. Here, we describe how both animal- and human-derived tumoroids have helped to identify novel vulnerabilities for cancer treatment in recent years, and how they are currently used for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalla
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janette Pfneissl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Mair
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loan Tran
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Li L, Bo W, Wang G, Juan X, Xue H, Zhang H. Progress and application of lung-on-a-chip for lung cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1378299. [PMID: 38854856 PMCID: PMC11157020 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1378299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumour with the highest incidence and mortality worldwide. Clinically effective therapy strategies are underutilized owing to the lack of efficient models for evaluating drug response. One of the main reasons for failure of anticancer drug therapy is development of drug resistance. Anticancer drugs face severe challenges such as poor biodistribution, restricted solubility, inadequate absorption, and drug accumulation. In recent years, "organ-on-a-chip" platforms, which can directly regulate the microenvironment of biomechanics, biochemistry and pathophysiology, have been developed rapidly and have shown great potential in clinical drug research. Lung-on-a-chip (LOC) is a new 3D model of bionic lungs with physiological functions created by micromachining technology on microfluidic chips. This approach may be able to partially replace animal and 2D cell culture models. To overcome drug resistance, LOC realizes personalized prediction of drug response by simulating the lung-related microenvironment in vitro, significantly enhancing therapeutic effectiveness, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics while minimizing side effects. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in the preparation of LOC and contrast it with earlier in vitro models. Finally, we describe recent advances in LOC. The combination of this technology with nanomedicine will provide an accurate and reliable treatment for preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Bo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Juan
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyi Xue
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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22
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Khan NLA, Muhandiram S, Dissanayake K, Godakumara K, Midekessa G, Andronowska A, Heath PR, Kodithuwakku S, Hart AR, Fazeli A. Effect of 3D and 2D cell culture systems on trophoblast extracellular vesicle physico-chemical characteristics and potency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1382552. [PMID: 38835509 PMCID: PMC11148233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1382552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing understanding of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in embryo-maternal communication has sparked considerable interest in their therapeutic potential within assisted reproductive technology, particularly in enhancing implantation success. However, the major obstacle remains the large-scale production of EVs, and there is still a gap in understanding how different culture systems affect the characteristics of the EVs. In the current study, trophoblast analogue human chorionic carcinoma cell line was cultivated in both conventional monolayer culture (2D) and as spheroids in suspension culture (3D) and how the cell growth environment affects the physical, biochemical and cellular signalling properties of EVs produced by them was studied. Interestingly, the 3D system was more active in secreting EVs compared to the 2D system, while no significant differences were observed in terms of morphology, size, and classical EV protein marker expression between EVs derived from the two culture systems. There were substantial differences in the proteomic cargo profile and cellular signalling potency of EVs derived from the two culture systems. Notably, 2D EVs were more potent in inducing a cellular response in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) compared to 3D EVs. Therefore, it is essential to recognize that the biological activity of EVs depends not only on the cell of origin but also on the cellular microenvironment of the parent cell. In conclusion, caution is warranted when selecting an EV production platform, especially for assessing the functional and therapeutic potential of EVs through in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhayati Liaqat Ali Khan
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Subhashini Muhandiram
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Keerthie Dissanayake
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Getnet Midekessa
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paul R Heath
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Suranga Kodithuwakku
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Amber Rose Hart
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Badea MA, Balas M, Ionita D, Dinischiotu A. Carbon nanotubes conjugated with cisplatin activate different apoptosis signaling pathways in 2D and 3D-spheroid triple-negative breast cancer cell cultures: a comparative study. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03779-2. [PMID: 38739308 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The type of experimental model for the in vitro testing of drug formulations efficiency represents an important tool in cancer biology, with great attention being granted to three-dimensional (3D) cultures as these offer a closer approximation of the clinical sensitivity of drugs. In this study, the effects induced by carboxyl-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes complexed with cisplatin (SWCNT-COOH-CDDP) and free components (SWCNT-COOH and CDDP) were compared between conventional 2D- and 3D-spheroid cultures of human breast cancer cells. The 2D and 3D breast cancer cultures were exposed to various doses of SWCNT-COOH (0.25-2 μg/mL), CDDP (0.158-1.26 μg/mL) and the same doses of SWNCT-COOH-CDDP complex for 24 and 48 h. The anti-tumor activity, including modulation of cell viability, oxidative stress, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion potential, was explored by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods, immunoblotting, optical and fluorescence microscopy. The SWCNT-COOH-CDDP complex proved to have high anti-cancer efficiency on 2D and 3D cultures by inhibiting cell proliferation and activating cell death. A dose of 0.632 μg/mL complex triggered different pathways of apoptosis in 2D and 3D cultures, by intrinsic, extrinsic, and reticulum endoplasmic pathways. Overall, the 2D cultures showed higher susceptibility to the action of complex compared to 3D cultures and SWCNT-COOH-CDDP proved enhanced anti-tumoral activity compared to free CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Andreea Badea
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 90-92 Sos. Panduri, 050663, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Balas
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniela Ionita
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of General Chemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Ahirwar K, Kumar A, Srivastava N, Saraf SA, Shukla R. Harnessing the potential of nanoengineered siRNAs carriers for target responsive glioma therapy: Recent progress and future opportunities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131048. [PMID: 38522697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Past scientific testimonials in the field of glioma research, the deadliest tumor among all brain cancer types with the life span of 10-15 months after diagnosis is considered as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Even though the availability of treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, are unable to completely cure GBM due to tumor microenvironment complexity, intrinsic cellular signalling, and genetic mutations which are involved in chemoresistance. The blood-brain barrier is accountable for restricting drugs entry at the tumor location and related biological challenges like endocytic degradation, short systemic circulation, and insufficient cellular penetration lead to tumor aggression and progression. The above stated challenges can be better mitigated by small interfering RNAs (siRNA) by knockdown genes responsible for tumor progression and resistance. However, siRNA encounters with challenges like inefficient cellular transfection, short circulation time, endogenous degradation, and off-target effects. The novel functionalized nanocarrier approach in conjunction with biological and chemical modification offers an intriguing potential to address challenges associated with the naked siRNA and efficiently silence STAT3, coffilin-1, EGFR, VEGF, SMO, MGMT, HAO-1, GPX-4, TfR, LDLR and galectin-1 genes in GBM tumor. This review highlights the nanoengineered siRNA carriers, their recent advancements, future perspectives, and strategies to overcome the systemic siRNA delivery challenges for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P. 226002, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P. 226002, India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P. 226002, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P. 226002, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P. 226002, India.
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25
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Josvai M, Polyak E, Kalluri M, Robertson S, Crone WC, Suzuki M. An engineered in vitro model of the human myotendinous junction. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:279-294. [PMID: 38604466 PMCID: PMC11088524 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a vulnerable region at the interface of skeletal muscle and tendon that forms an integrated mechanical unit. This study presents a technique for the spatially restrictive co-culture of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived skeletal myocytes and primary tenocytes for two-dimensional modeling of the MTJ. Micropatterned lanes of extracellular matrix and a 2-well culture chamber define the initial regions of occupation. On day 1, both lines occupy less than 20 % of the initially vacant interstitial zone, referred to henceforth as the junction. Myocyte-tenocyte interdigitations are observed by day 7. Immunocytochemistry reveals enhanced organization and alignment of patterned myocyte and tenocyte features, as well as differential expression of multiple MTJ markers. On day 24, electrically stimulated junction myocytes demonstrate negative contractile strains, while positive tensile strains are exhibited by mechanically passive tenocytes at the junction. Unpatterned tenocytes distal to the junction experience significantly decreased strains in comparison to cells at the interface. Unpatterned myocytes have impaired organization and uncoordinated contractile behavior. These findings suggest that this platform is capable of inducing myocyte-tenocyte junction formation and mechanical coupling similar to the native MTJ, showing transduction of force across the cell-cell interface. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is an integrated structure that transduces force across the muscle-tendon boundary, making the region vulnerable to strain injury. Despite the clinical relevance, previous in vitro models of the MTJ lack the structure and mechanical accuracy of the native tissue and have difficulty transmitting force across the cell-cell interface. This study demonstrates an in vitro model of the MTJ, using spatially restrictive cues to inform human myocyte-tenocyte interactions and architecture. The model expressed MTJ markers and developed anisotropic myocyte-tenocyte integrations that resemble the native tissue and allow for force transduction from contracting myocytes to passive tenocyte regions. As such, this study presents a system capable of investigating development, injury, and pathology in the human MTJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Josvai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Erzsebet Polyak
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Meghana Kalluri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Centers Building, 2126, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison WI 53706, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Veterinary Medicine Bldg, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA; The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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26
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AlShmmari SK, Fardous RS, Shinwari Z, Cialla-May D, Popp J, Ramadan Q, Zourob M. Hepatic spheroid-on-a-chip: Fabrication and characterization of a spheroid-based in vitro model of the human liver for drug screening applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:034105. [PMID: 38817733 PMCID: PMC11136519 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The integration of microfabrication and microfluidics techniques into cell culture technology has significantly transformed cell culture conditions, scaffold architecture, and tissue biofabrication. These tools offer precise control over cell positioning and enable high-resolution analysis and testing. Culturing cells in 3D systems, such as spheroids and organoids, enables recapitulating the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix, thereby allowing the creation of human-based biomimetic tissue models that are well-suited for pre-clinical drug screening. Here, we demonstrate an innovative microfluidic device for the formation, culture, and testing of hepatocyte spheroids, which comprises a large array of patterned microwells for hosting hepatic spheroid culture in a reproducible and organized format in a dynamic fluidic environment. The device allows maintaining and characterizing different spheroid sizes as well as exposing to various drugs in parallel enabling high-throughput experimentation. These liver spheroids exhibit physiologically relevant hepatic functionality, as evidenced by their ability to produce albumin and urea at levels comparable to in vivo conditions and the capability to distinguish the toxic effects of selected drugs. This highlights the effectiveness of the microenvironment provided by the chip in maintaining the functionality of hepatocyte spheroids. These data support the notion that the liver-spheroid chip provides a favorable microenvironment for the maintenance of hepatocyte spheroid functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zakia Shinwari
- Cell Therapy and Immunology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Qasem Ramadan
- College of Science & General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- College of Science & General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Xu FX, Sun R, Owens R, Hu K, Fu D. Assessing drug uptake and response differences in 2D and 3D cellular environments using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590622. [PMID: 38712095 PMCID: PMC11071388 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The architecture of cell culture-two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D)-significantly impacts various cellular factors, including cell-cell interactions, nutrient and oxygen gradients, metabolic activity, and gene expression profiles. This can result in different cellular responses during cancer drug treatment, with 3D-cultured cells often exhibiting higher resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. While various genetic and proteomic analyses have been employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this increased resistance, complementary techniques that provide experimental evidence of spatial molecular profiling data are limited. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has demonstrated its capability to measure both intracellular drug uptake and growth inhibition. In this work, we applied three-band SRS imaging to 2D and 3D cell cultures and provided a comparative analysis of drug uptake and response with the goal of understanding whether the difference in drug uptake explains the drug resistance in 3D culture compared to 2D. Our investigations revealed that despite similar intracellular drug levels in 2D and 3D A549 cells during lapatinib treatment, the growth of 3D spheroids is less impacted, supporting an enhanced drug tolerance in the 3D microenvironment. We further elucidated drug penetration patterns and the resulting heterogeneous cellular responses across different spheroid layers. Additionally, we investigated the role of the extracellular matrix in modulating drug delivery and cell response, and we discovered that limited drug penetration in 3D could also contribute to lower drug response. Our study provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms of increased drug resistance in 3D tumor models during cancer drug treatments.
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28
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Ahmad Zawawi SS, Salleh EA, Musa M. Spheroids and organoids derived from colorectal cancer as tools for in vitro drug screening. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:409-431. [PMID: 38745769 PMCID: PMC11090692 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture employing cell lines was developed to study the molecular properties of CRC in vitro. Although these cell lines which are isolated from the tumor niche in which cancer develop, the translation to human model such as studying drug response is often hindered by the inability of cell lines to recapture original tumor features and the lack of heterogeneous clinical tumors represented by this 2D model, differed from in vivo condition. These limitations which may be overcome by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) culture consisting of spheroids and organoids. Over the past decade, great advancements have been made in optimizing culture method to establish spheroids and organoids of solid tumors including of CRC for multiple purposes including drug screening and establishing personalized medicine. These structures have been proven to be versatile and robust models to study CRC progression and deciphering its heterogeneity. This review will describe on advances in 3D culture technology and the application as well as the challenges of CRC-derived spheroids and organoids as a mode to screen for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elyn Amiela Salleh
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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29
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Schuster M, Braun FK, Chiang DML, Ludwig C, Meng C, Grätz C, Kirchner B, Proescholdt M, Hau P, Steinlein OK, Pfaffl MW, Riemenschneider MJ, Reithmair M. Extracellular vesicles secreted by 3D tumor organoids are enriched for immune regulatory signaling biomolecules compared to conventional 2D glioblastoma cell systems. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388769. [PMID: 38726003 PMCID: PMC11079215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Newer 3D culturing approaches are a promising way to better mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment and to study the interactions between the heterogeneous cell populations of glioblastoma multiforme. Like many other tumors, glioblastoma uses extracellular vesicles as an intercellular communication system to prepare surrounding tissue for invasive tumor growth. However, little is known about the effects of 3D culture on extracellular vesicles. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize extracellular vesicles in 3D organoid models and compare them to conventional 2D cell culture systems. Methods Primary glioblastoma cells were cultured as 2D and 3D organoid models. Extracellular vesicles were obtained by precipitation and immunoaffinity, with the latter allowing targeted isolation of the CD9/CD63/CD81 vesicle subpopulation. Comprehensive vesicle characterization was performed and miRNA expression profiles were generated by smallRNA-sequencing. In silico analysis of differentially regulated miRNAs was performed to identify mRNA targets and corresponding signaling pathways. The tumor cell media and extracellular vesicle proteome were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results We observed an increased concentration of extracellular vesicles in 3D organoid cultures. Differential gene expression analysis further revealed the regulation of twelve miRNAs in 3D tumor organoid cultures (with nine miRNAs down and three miRNAs upregulated). MiR-23a-3p, known to be involved in glioblastoma invasion, was significantly increased in 3D. MiR-7-5p, which counteracts glioblastoma malignancy, was significantly decreased. Moreover, we identified four miRNAs (miR-323a-3p, miR-382-5p, miR-370-3p, miR-134-5p) located within the DLK1-DIO3 domain, a cancer-associated genomic region, suggesting a possible importance of this region in glioblastoma progression. Overrepresentation analysis identified alterations of extracellular vesicle cargo in 3D organoids, including representation of several miRNA targets and proteins primarily implicated in the immune response. Conclusion Our results show that 3D glioblastoma organoid models secrete extracellular vesicles with an altered cargo compared to corresponding conventional 2D cultures. Extracellular vesicles from 3D cultures were found to contain signaling molecules associated with the immune regulatory signaling pathways and as such could potentially change the surrounding microenvironment towards tumor progression and immunosuppressive conditions. These findings suggest the use of 3D glioblastoma models for further clinical biomarker studies as well as investigation of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schuster
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank K. Braun
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dapi Meng-Lin Chiang
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Grätz
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ortrud K. Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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30
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Jackson CE, Green NH, English WR, Claeyssens F. The use of microphysiological systems to model metastatic cancer. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032002. [PMID: 38579739 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3b70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the 21st century, with metastasis of cancer attributing to 90% of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, to improve patient outcomes there is a need for better preclinical models to increase the success of translating oncological therapies into the clinic. Current traditional staticin vitromodels lack a perfusable network which is critical to overcome the diffusional mass transfer limit to provide a mechanism for the exchange of essential nutrients and waste removal, and increase their physiological relevance. Furthermore, these models typically lack cellular heterogeneity and key components of the immune system and tumour microenvironment. This review explores rapidly developing strategies utilising perfusable microphysiological systems (MPS) for investigating cancer cell metastasis. In this review we initially outline the mechanisms of cancer metastasis, highlighting key steps and identifying the current gaps in our understanding of the metastatic cascade, exploring MPS focused on investigating the individual steps of the metastatic cascade before detailing the latest MPS which can investigate multiple components of the cascade. This review then focuses on the factors which can affect the performance of an MPS designed for cancer applications with a final discussion summarising the challenges and future directions for the use of MPS for cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Jackson
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola H Green
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - William R English
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR3 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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Huniadi M, Nosálová N, Almášiová V, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Hudáková N, Cizkova D. Three-Dimensional Cultivation a Valuable Tool for Modelling Canine Mammary Gland Tumour Behaviour In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:695. [PMID: 38667310 PMCID: PMC11049302 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cultivation has been one of the most popular methods in research for decades. Currently, scientists routinely use two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures of commercially available cell lines and primary cultures to study cellular behaviour, responses to stimuli, and interactions with their environment in a controlled laboratory setting. In recent years, 3D cultivation has gained more attention in modern biomedical research, mainly due to its numerous advantages compared to 2D cultures. One of the main goals where 3D culture models are used is the investigation of tumour diseases, in both animals and humans. The ability to simulate the tumour microenvironment and design 3D masses allows us to monitor all the processes that take place in tumour tissue created not only from cell lines but directly from the patient's tumour cells. One of the tumour types for which 3D culture methods are often used in research is the canine mammary gland tumour (CMT). The clinically similar profile of the CMT and breast tumours in humans makes the CMT a suitable model for studying the issue not only in animals but also in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Natália Nosálová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Viera Almášiová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Nikola Hudáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
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Fujiike AY, de Oliveira LCB, Ribeiro DL, Pereira ÉR, Okuyama NCM, Dos Santos AGP, de Syllos Cólus IM, Serpeloni JM. Effects of docetaxel on metastatic prostate (DU-145) carcinoma cells cultured as 2D monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:227-244. [PMID: 38095149 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2293218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is one of the chemotherapeutic drugs indicated as a first-line treatment against metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). This study aimed to compare the impact of DTX on mPCa (DU-145) tumor cells cultured as 2D monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) in vitro. The cells were treated with DTX (1-96 µM) at 24, 48, or 72 hr in cell viability assays (resazurin, phosphatase acid, and lactate dehydrogenase). Cell death was assessed with fluorescent markers and proliferation by clonogenic assay (2D) and morphology, volume, and integrity assay (3D). The cell invasion was determined using transwell (2D) and extracellular matrix (ECM) (3D). Results showed that DTX decreased cell viability in both culture models. In 2D, the IC50 (72 hr) values were 11.06 μM and 14.23 μM for resazurin and phosphatase assays, respectively. In MCTS, the IC50 values for the same assays were 114.9 μM and 163.7 μM, approximately 10-fold higher than in the 2D model. The % of viable cells decreased, while the apoptotic cell number was elevated compared to the control in 2D. In 3D spheroids, only DTX 24 μM induced apoptosis. DTX (≥24 μM at 216 hr) lowered the volume, and DTX 96 μM completely disintegrated the MCTS. DTX reduced the invasion of mPCa cells to matrigel (2D) and migration from MCTS to the ECM. Data demonstrated significant differences in drug response between 2D and 3D cell culture models using mPCa DU-145 tumor cells. MCTS resembles the early stages of solid tumors in vivo and needs to be considered in conjunction with 2D cultures when searching for new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Yuri Fujiike
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cristina Bastos de Oliveira
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érica Romão Pereira
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Svensson E, von Mentzer U, Stubelius A. Achieving Precision Healthcare through Nanomedicine and Enhanced Model Systems. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:162-173. [PMID: 38496040 PMCID: PMC10941278 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The ability to customize medical choices according to an individual's genetic makeup and biomarker patterns marks a significant advancement toward overall improved healthcare for both individuals and society at large. By transitioning from the conventional one-size-fits-all approach to tailored treatments that can account for predispositions of different patient populations, nanomedicines can be customized to target the specific molecular underpinnings of a patient's disease, thus mitigating the risk of collateral damage. However, for these systems to reach their full potential, our understanding of how nano-based therapeutics behave within the intricate human body is necessary. Effective drug administration to the targeted organ or pathological niche is dictated by properties such as nanocarrier (NC) size, shape, and targeting abilities, where understanding how NCs change their properties when they encounter biomolecules and phenomena such as shear stress in flow remains a major challenge. This Review specifically focuses on vessel-on-a-chip technology that can provide increased understanding of NC behavior in blood and summarizes the specialized environment of the joint to showcase advanced tissue models as approaches to address translational challenges. Compared to conventional cell studies or animal models, these advanced models can integrate patient material for full customization. Combining such models with nanomedicine can contribute to making personalized medicine achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division of Chemical Biology,
Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University
of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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Jain N, Shashi Bhushan BL, Natarajan M, Mehta R, Saini DK, Chatterjee K. Advanced 3D In Vitro Lung Fibrosis Models: Contemporary Status, Clinical Uptake, and Prospective Outlooks. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1235-1261. [PMID: 38335198 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis has been characterized as a global health problem and ranks as one of the primary causes of organ dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for pulmonary fibrosis, and limited therapeutic options are available due to an inadequate understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The absence of advanced in vitro models replicating dynamic temporal changes observed in the tissue with the progression of the disease is a significant impediment in the development of novel antifibrotic treatments, which has motivated research on tissue-mimetic three-dimensional (3D) models. In this review, we summarize emerging trends in preparing advanced lung models to recapitulate biochemical and biomechanical processes associated with lung fibrogenesis. We begin by describing the importance of in vivo studies and highlighting the often poor correlation between preclinical research and clinical outcomes and the limitations of conventional cell culture in accurately simulating the 3D tissue microenvironment. Rapid advancement in biomaterials, biofabrication, biomicrofluidics, and related bioengineering techniques are enabling the preparation of in vitro models to reproduce the epithelium structure and operate as reliable drug screening strategies for precise prediction. Improving and understanding these model systems is necessary to find the cross-talks between growing cells and the stage at which myofibroblasts differentiate. These advanced models allow us to utilize the knowledge and identify, characterize, and hand pick medicines beneficial to the human community. The challenges of the current approaches, along with the opportunities for further research with potential for translation in this field, are presented toward developing novel treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Jain
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
| | - B L Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore 560002 India
| | - M Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore 560002 India
| | - Ravi Mehta
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Apollo Hospitals, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011 India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
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Jose A, Kulkarni P, Thilakan J, Munisamy M, Malhotra AG, Singh J, Kumar A, Rangnekar VM, Arya N, Rao M. Integration of pan-omics technologies and three-dimensional in vitro tumor models: an approach toward drug discovery and precision medicine. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:50. [PMID: 38461268 PMCID: PMC10924370 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in treatment protocols, cancer is one of the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to identify newer and personalized therapeutic targets along with screening technologies to combat cancer. With the advent of pan-omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, the scientific community has witnessed an improved molecular and metabolomic understanding of various diseases, including cancer. In addition, three-dimensional (3-D) disease models have been efficiently utilized for understanding disease pathophysiology and as screening tools in drug discovery. An integrated approach utilizing pan-omics technologies and 3-D in vitro tumor models has led to improved understanding of the intricate network encompassing various signalling pathways and molecular cross-talk in solid tumors. In the present review, we underscore the current trends in omics technologies and highlight their role in understanding genotypic-phenotypic co-relation in cancer with respect to 3-D in vitro tumor models. We further discuss the challenges associated with omics technologies and provide our outlook on the future applications of these technologies in drug discovery and precision medicine for improved management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmi Jose
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pallavi Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Jaya Thilakan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Murali Munisamy
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Anvita Gupta Malhotra
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Neha Arya
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India.
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Ma X, Wang Q, Li G, Li H, Xu S, Pang D. Cancer organoids: A platform in basic and translational research. Genes Dis 2024; 11:614-632. [PMID: 37692477 PMCID: PMC10491878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors, facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice. They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models. However, the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized. In the review, we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms, including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) for drug screening and immunological studies. Finally, the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed. This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
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Zhang Y, Liu K, He H, Xiao H, Fang Z, Chen X, Li H. Innovative explorations: unveiling the potential of organoids for investigating environmental pollutant exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16256-16273. [PMID: 38342830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
As the economy rapidly develops, chemicals are widely produced and used. This has exacerbated the problems associated with environmental pollution, raising the need for efficient toxicological evaluation techniques to investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of toxicity of environmental pollutants. The progress in the techniques of cell culture in three dimensions has resulted in the creation of models that are more relevant in terms of biology and physiology. This enables researchers to study organ development, toxicology, and drug screening. Adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be obtained from various mammalian tissues, including cancerous and healthy tissues. Such stem cells exhibit a significant level of tissue memory and ability to self-assemble. When cultivated in 3D in vitro environments, the resulting organoids demonstrate a remarkable capacity to recapitulate the cellular composition and function of organs in vivo. Recently, many tumors' tissue-derived organoids have been widely used in research on tumor pathogenesis, drug development, precision medicine, and other fields, including those derived from colon cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, and gastric cancer. However, the application of organoid models for evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants is still in its infancy. This review introduces the characteristics of the toxicity responses of organoid models upon exposure to pollutants from the perspectives of organoid characteristics, tissue types, and their applications in toxicology; discusses the feasibility of using organoid models in evaluating the toxicity of pollutants; and provides a reference for future toxicological studies on environmental pollutants based on organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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da Costa Sousa MG, Vignolo SM, Franca CM, Mereness J, Alves Fraga MA, Silva-Sousa AC, Benoit DSW, Bertassoni LE. Engineering models of head and neck and oral cancers on-a-chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:021502. [PMID: 38464668 PMCID: PMC10919958 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) rank as the sixth most common cancer globally and result in over 450 000 deaths annually. Despite considerable advancements in diagnostics and treatment, the 5-year survival rate for most types of HNCs remains below 50%. Poor prognoses are often attributed to tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and immunosuppression. These characteristics are difficult to replicate using in vitro or in vivo models, culminating in few effective approaches for early detection and therapeutic drug development. Organs-on-a-chip offer a promising avenue for studying HNCs, serving as microphysiological models that closely recapitulate the complexities of biological tissues within highly controllable microfluidic platforms. Such systems have gained interest as advanced experimental tools to investigate human pathophysiology and assess therapeutic efficacy, providing a deeper understanding of cancer pathophysiology. This review outlines current challenges and opportunities in replicating HNCs within microphysiological systems, focusing on mimicking the soft, glandular, and hard tissues of the head and neck. We further delve into the major applications of organ-on-a-chip models for HNCs, including fundamental research, drug discovery, translational approaches, and personalized medicine. This review emphasizes the integration of organs-on-a-chip into the repertoire of biological model systems available to researchers. This integration enables the exploration of unique aspects of HNCs, thereby accelerating discoveries with the potential to improve outcomes for HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jared Mereness
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Dermatology and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Av. do Café - Subsetor Oeste—11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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Clevenger AJ, McFarlin MK, Gorley JPM, Solberg SC, Madyastha AK, Raghavan SA. Advances in cancer mechanobiology: Metastasis, mechanics, and materials. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:011502. [PMID: 38449522 PMCID: PMC10917464 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells are exposed to numerous mechanical forces, both internally and externally, which contribute to the metastatic cascade. From the initial growth of the tumor to traveling through the vasculature and to the eventual colonization of distant organs, tumor cells are continuously interacting with their surroundings through physical contact and mechanical force application. The mechanical forces found in the TME can be simplified into three main categories: (i) shear stress, (ii) tension and strain, and (iii) solid stress and compression. Each force type can independently impact tumor growth and progression. Here, we review recent bioengineering strategies, which have been employed to establish the connection between mechanical forces and tumor progression. While many cancers are explored in this review, we place great emphasis on cancers that are understudied in their response to mechanical forces, such as ovarian and colorectal cancers. We discuss the major steps of metastatic transformation and present novel, recent advances in model systems used to study how mechanical forces impact the study of the metastatic cascade. We end by summarizing systems that incorporate multiple forces to expand the complexity of our understanding of how tumor cells sense and respond to mechanical forces in their environment. Future studies would also benefit from the inclusion of time or the aspect of mechanical memory to further enhance this field. While the knowledge of mechanical forces and tumor metastasis grows, developing novel materials and in vitro systems are essential to providing new insight into predicting, treating, and preventing cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maygan K. McFarlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - John Paul M. Gorley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Spencer C. Solberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Anirudh K. Madyastha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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40
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Canda AE, Sever T, Calibasi Kocal G, Basbinar Y, Ellidokuz H. In vitro 3D microfluidic peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer model for testing different oxaliplatin-based HIPEC regimens. Pleura Peritoneum 2024; 9:23-29. [PMID: 38558874 PMCID: PMC10980980 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2023-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Treatment of colorectal peritoneal metastases with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is still evolving. Conducting a randomized trial is challenging due to the high heterogeneity in the presentation of peritoneal disease and various surgical approaches. Biological research may facilitate more rapid translation of information into clinical practice. There is an emerging need for a preclinical model to improve HIPEC treatment protocols in terms of drug doses and treatment durations. The aim of the study is to design a tool that serves as an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer model to test the efficacy of different HIPEC treatments. Methods We determined the effects of current therapy options using a 3D static disease model on human colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116) and transforming growth factor-β1 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) HCT 116 lines at 37 °C and 42 °C for 30, 60, and 120 min. We determined oxaliplatin's half maximal inhibitory concentrations in a 3D static culture by using viability assay. Clinical practices of HIPEC were applied in the developed model. Results EMT-induced HCT 116 cells were less sensitive to oxaliplatin treatment compared to non-induced cells. We observed increased cytotoxicity when increasing the temperature from 37 °C to 42 °C and extending the treatment duration from 30 to 120 min. We found that 200 mg/m2 oxaliplatin administered for 120 min is the most effective HIPEC treatment option within the framework of clinic applications. Conclusions The tool map provide insights into creating more realistic pre-clinical tools that could be used for a patient-based drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aras Emre Canda
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Tolga Sever
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Calibasi Kocal
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Translational Oncology, institution-id-type="Ringgold" />Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Translational Oncology, institution-id-type="Ringgold" />Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Pangjantuk A, Kaokaen P, Kunhorm P, Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Noisa P. 3D culture of alginate-hyaluronic acid hydrogel supports the stemness of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4436. [PMID: 38396088 PMCID: PMC10891100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system is being employed more frequently to investigate cell engineering and tissue repair due to its close mimicry of in vivo microenvironments. In this study, we developed natural biomaterials, including hyaluronic acid, alginate, and gelatin, to mimic the creation of a 3D human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) extracellular environment and selected hydrogels with high proliferation capacity for 3D MSC culture. Human mesenchymal stem cells were encapsulated within hydrogels, and an investigation was conducted into the effects on cell viability and proliferation, stemness properties, and telomere activity compared to the 2D monolayer culture. Hydrogel characterization, cell proliferation, Live/Dead cell viability assay, gene expression, telomere relative length, and MSC stemness-related proteins by immunofluorescence staining were examined. The results showed that 3D alginate-hyaluronic acid (AL-HA) hydrogels increased cell proliferation, and the cells were grown as cellular spheroids within hydrogels and presented a high survival rate of 77.36% during the culture period of 14 days. Furthermore, the 3D alginate-hyaluronic acid (AL-HA) hydrogels increased the expression of stemness-related genes (OCT-4, NANOG, SOX2, and SIRT1), tissue growth and development genes (YAP and TAZ), and cell proliferation gene (Ki67) after culture for 14 days. Moreover, the telomere activity of the 3D MSCs was enhanced, as indicated by the upregulation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) and the relative telomere length (T/S ratio) compared to the 2D monolayer culture. Altogether, these data suggest that the 3D alginate-hyaluronic acid (AL-HA) hydrogels could serve as a promising material for maintaining stem cell properties and might be a suitable carrier for tissue engineering proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amorn Pangjantuk
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Palakorn Kaokaen
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Caipa Garcia AL, Kucab JE, Al-Serori H, Beck RSS, Bellamri M, Turesky RJ, Groopman JD, Francies HE, Garnett MJ, Huch M, Drost J, Zilbauer M, Arlt VM, Phillips DH. Tissue Organoid Cultures Metabolize Dietary Carcinogens Proficiently and Are Effective Models for DNA Adduct Formation. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:234-247. [PMID: 38232180 PMCID: PMC10880098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Human tissue three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures have the potential to reproduce in vitro the physiological properties and cellular architecture of the organs from which they are derived. The ability of organoid cultures derived from human stomach, liver, kidney, and colon to metabolically activate three dietary carcinogens, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aristolochic acid I (AAI), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), was investigated. In each case, the response of a target tissue (liver for AFB1; kidney for AAI; colon for PhIP) was compared with that of a nontarget tissue (gastric). After treatment cell viabilities were measured, DNA damage response (DDR) was determined by Western blotting for p-p53, p21, p-CHK2, and γ-H2AX, and DNA adduct formation was quantified by mass spectrometry. Induction of the key xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and NQO1 was assessed by qRT-PCR. We found that organoids from different tissues can activate AAI, AFB1, and PhIP. In some cases, this metabolic potential varied between tissues and between different cultures of the same tissue. Similarly, variations in the levels of expression of XMEs were observed. At comparable levels of cytotoxicity, organoids derived from tissues that are considered targets for these carcinogens had higher levels of adduct formation than a nontarget tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Caipa Garcia
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Jill E. Kucab
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Rebekah S. S. Beck
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Madjda Bellamri
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John D. Groopman
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | | | | | - Meritxell Huch
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess
Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Oncode Institute, 3584
CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department
of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K.
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department
of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer
& Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
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Oliveira BB, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Assessing the gene silencing potential of AuNP-based approaches on conventional 2D cell culture versus 3D tumor spheroid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1320729. [PMID: 38410164 PMCID: PMC10894999 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1320729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture using tumor spheroids provides a crucial platform for replicating tissue microenvironments. However, effective gene modulation via nanoparticle-based transfection remains a challenge, often facing delivery hurdles. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with their tailored synthesis and biocompatibility, have shown promising results in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, nevertheless, they still require a comprehensive evaluation before they can reach its full potential on 3D models. While 2D cultures offer simplicity and affordability, they lack physiological fidelity. In contrast, 3D spheroids better capture in vivo conditions, enabling the study of cell interactions and nutrient distribution. These models are essential for investigating cancer behavior, drug responses, and developmental processes. Nevertheless, transitioning from 2D to 3D models demands an understanding of altered internalization mechanisms and microenvironmental influences. This study assessed ASO-AuNP conjugates for silencing the c-MYC oncogene in 2D cultures and 3D tumor spheroids, revealing distinctions in gene silencing efficiency and highlighting the microenvironment's impact on AuNP-mediated gene modulation. Herein, we demonstrate that increasing the number of AuNPs per cell by 2.6 times, when transitioning from a 2D cell model to a 3D spheroid, allows to attain similar silencing efficiencies. Such insights advance the development of targeted gene therapies within intricate tissue-like contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz B. Oliveira
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Bhagat S, Singh S. Use of antioxidant nanoliposomes for co-delivery of PTEN plasmids and plumbagin to induce apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025026. [PMID: 38215478 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1dff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a challenging contributor to the global cancer and related mortality, and claims approximately 800,000 deaths each year. Dysregulation or loss of function mutations involving the tumor suppressor gene, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), has been well-characterized in various cancers to elicit anomalous cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. However, the delivery and bioavailability of genes/drugs of interest to carcinomas remains a serious bottleneck behind the success of any anti-cancer formulation. In this study, we have engineered nanoliposomes containing PTEN plasmids, plumbagin, and antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles (Lipo-PTEN-Plum) to restore the PTEN expression and inhibit the AKT/PI3K pathway. The Lipo-PTEN-Plum was quasi-spherical in shape with ∼110 nm diameter and ∼64% plumbagin loading efficiency. The Lipo-PTEN-Plum was successfully internalized HepG2 cells, restore PTEN expression and inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway to induce death in cells grown in monolayer and in form of spheroids. Mechanistically, the formulation showed G2/M cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells. Other cellular events such as Caspase-7 overexpression and PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), AKT (a serine/threonine protein kinase), PARP [Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases], and mTOR (Mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibition led to the apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells. The mRNA expression profile of PTEN, PI3K, AKT3, Caspase-7, PARP and mTOR proteins, primarily controlling the cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, suggest that exogenous supply of PTEN could regulate the expression of oncogenic proteins and thus cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Bhagat
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opposite Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy, Extended Q-City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
- DBT- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
- Department of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opposite Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy, Extended Q-City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
- DBT- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
- Department of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Carrara SC, Davila-Lezama A, Cabriel C, Berenschot EJ, Krol S, Gardeniers J, Izeddin I, Kolmar H, Susarrey-Arce A. 3D topographies promote macrophage M2d-Subset differentiation. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100897. [PMID: 38169974 PMCID: PMC10758855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro cellular models denote a crucial part of drug discovery programs as they aid in identifying successful drug candidates based on their initial efficacy and potency. While tremendous headway has been achieved in improving 2D and 3D culture techniques, there is still a need for physiologically relevant systems that can mimic or alter cellular responses without the addition of external biochemical stimuli. A way forward to alter cellular responses is using physical cues, like 3D topographical inorganic substrates, to differentiate macrophage-like cells. Herein, protein secretion and gene expression markers for various macrophage subsets cultivated on a 3D topographical substrate are investigated. The results show that macrophages differentiate into anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages, secreting increased IL-10 levels compared to the controls. Remarkably, these macrophage cells are differentiated into the M2d subset, making up the main component of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), as measured by upregulated Il-10 and Vegf mRNA. M2d subset differentiation is attributed to the topographical substrates with 3D fractal-like geometries arrayed over the surface, else primarily achieved by tumour-associated factors in vivo. From a broad perspective, this work paves the way for implementing 3D topographical inorganic surfaces for drug discovery programs, harnessing the advantages of in vitro assays without external stimulation and allowing the rapid characterisation of therapeutic modalities in physiologically relevant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania C. Carrara
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Amanda Davila-Lezama
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FACISALUD), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario 1000, Valle de las Palmas, 22260 Tijuana, Mexico
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Clément Cabriel
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Erwin J.W. Berenschot
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Silke Krol
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Encytos B.V., Piet Heinstraat 12, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J.G.E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Izeddin
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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46
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Boscaro D, Sikorski P. Spheroids as a 3D in vitro model to study bone and bone mineralization. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 157:213727. [PMID: 38101067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Traumas, fractures, and diseases can severely influence bone tissue. Insight into bone mineralization is essential for the development of therapies and new strategies to enhance bone regeneration. 3D cell culture systems, in particular cellular spheroids, have gained a lot of interest as they can recapitulate crucial aspects of the in vivo tissue microenvironment, such as the extensive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions found in tissue. The potential of combining spheroids and various classes of biomaterials opens also new opportunities for research within bone tissue engineering. Characterizing cellular organization, ECM structure, and ECM mineralization is a fundamental step for understanding the biological processes involved in bone tissue formation in a spheroid-based model system. Still, many experimental techniques used in this field of research are optimized for use with monolayer cell cultures. There is thus a need to develop new and improving existing experimental techniques, for applications in 3D cell culture systems. In this review, bone composition and spheroids properties are described. This is followed by an insight into the techniques that are currently used in bone spheroids research and how these can be used to study bone mineralization. We discuss the application of staining techniques used with optical and confocal fluorescence microscopy, molecular biology techniques, second harmonic imaging microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy, as well as electron microscopy-based techniques, to evaluate osteogenic differentiation, collagen production and mineral deposition. Challenges in the applications of these methods in bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering are described. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D cell cultures have gained a lot of interest in the last decades as a possible technique that can be used to recreate in vitro in vivo biological process. The importance of 3D environment during bone mineralization led scientists to use this cell culture to study this biological process, to obtain a better understanding of the events involved. New and improved techniques are also required for a proper analysis of this cell model and the process under investigation. This review summarizes the state of the art of the techniques used to study bone mineralization and how 3D cell cultures, in particular spheroids, are tested and analysed to obtain better resolved results related to this complex biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamante Boscaro
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7034, Norway.
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7034, Norway.
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Mulaudzi PE, Abrahamse H, Crous A. Insights on Three Dimensional Organoid Studies for Stem Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:509-523. [PMID: 38095787 PMCID: PMC10837234 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has developed as a promising discipline that utilizes stem cells to address limitations in traditional therapies, using innovative techniques to restore and repair damaged organs and tissues. One such technique is the generation of three-dimensional (3D) organoids in stem cell therapy. Organoids are 3D constructs that resemble specific organs' structural and functional characteristics and are generated from stem cells or tissue-specific progenitor cells. The use of 3D organoids is advantageous in comparison to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture by bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro research. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements made towards regenerative medicine using stem cells to generate organoids, explore the techniques used in generating 3D organoids and their applications and finally elucidate the challenges and future directions in regenerative medicine using 3D organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Earldom Mulaudzi
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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48
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Kim HJ, Ahn MH, Shin JA, Choi SJ, Yu HJ, Cho SD. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester: Unveiling its potential as a potent apoptosis inducer for combating hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:21. [PMID: 38099422 PMCID: PMC10777462 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a relatively rare form of head and neck cancer that is notorious for its poor prognosis and low overall survival rate. This highlights the need for new therapeutic options for this malignancy. The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is an active compound found in propolis, to combat HSCC tumor growth. CAPE exerted its tumor‑suppressive activity in HSCC cell lines through the induction of apoptosis. Mechanistically, the CAPE‑mediated apoptotic process was attributed to the perturbation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspase‑9. CAPE also modulated survivin and X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis, which are potent members of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family, either through transcriptional or post‑translational regulation, leading to HSCC cell line death. Therefore, the findings of the present study suggested that CAPE is an effective treatment alternative for HSCC via the stimulation of mitochondria‑dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Ahn
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungwon 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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49
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Oser MG, MacPherson D, Oliver TG, Sage J, Park KS. Genetically-engineered mouse models of small cell lung cancer: the next generation. Oncogene 2024; 43:457-469. [PMID: 38191672 PMCID: PMC11180418 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains the most fatal form of lung cancer, with patients in dire need of new and effective therapeutic approaches. Modeling SCLC in an immunocompetent host is essential for understanding SCLC pathogenesis and ultimately discovering and testing new experimental therapeutic strategies. Human SCLC is characterized by near universal genetic loss of the RB1 and TP53 tumor suppressor genes. Twenty years ago, the first genetically-engineered mouse model (GEMM) of SCLC was generated using conditional deletion of both Rb1 and Trp53 in the lungs of adult mice. Since then, several other GEMMs of SCLC have been developed coupling genomic alterations found in human SCLC with Rb1 and Trp53 deletion. Here we summarize how GEMMs of SCLC have contributed significantly to our understanding of the disease in the past two decades. We also review recent advances in modeling SCLC in mice that allow investigators to bypass limitations of the previous generation of GEMMs while studying new genes of interest in SCLC. In particular, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic gene editing can accelerate how new genes of interest are functionally interrogated in SCLC tumorigenesis. Notably, the development of allograft models and precancerous precursor models from SCLC GEMMs provides complementary approaches to GEMMs to study tumor cell-immune microenvironment interactions and test new therapeutic strategies to enhance response to immunotherapy. Ultimately, the new generation of SCLC models can accelerate research and help develop new therapeutic strategies for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Oser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David MacPherson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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50
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Shen X, Pan D, Gong Q, Gu Z, Luo K. Enhancing drug penetration in solid tumors via nanomedicine: Evaluation models, strategies and perspectives. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:445-472. [PMID: 37965242 PMCID: PMC10641097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective tumor treatment depends on optimizing drug penetration and accumulation in tumor tissue while minimizing systemic toxicity. Nanomedicine has emerged as a key solution that addresses the rapid clearance of free drugs, but achieving deep drug penetration into solid tumors remains elusive. This review discusses various strategies to enhance drug penetration, including manipulation of the tumor microenvironment, exploitation of both external and internal stimuli, pioneering nanocarrier surface engineering, and development of innovative tactics for active tumor penetration. One outstanding strategy is organelle-affinitive transfer, which exploits the unique properties of specific tumor cell organelles and heralds a potentially transformative approach to active transcellular transfer for deep tumor penetration. Rigorous models are essential to evaluate the efficacy of these strategies. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is gaining traction as a bridge between laboratory discovery and clinical application. However, the journey from bench to bedside for nanomedicines is fraught with challenges. Future efforts should prioritize deepening our understanding of nanoparticle-tumor interactions, re-evaluating the EPR effect, and exploring novel nanoparticle transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Shen
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dayi Pan
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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