1
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Schwickert KK, Glitscher M, Bender D, Benz NI, Murra R, Schwickert K, Pfalzgraf S, Schirmeister T, Hellmich UA, Hildt E. Zika virus replication is impaired by a selective agonist of the TRPML2 ion channel. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105940. [PMID: 38901736 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The flavivirus genus includes human pathogenic viruses such as Dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) posing a global health threat due to limited treatment options. Host ion channels are crucial for various viral life cycle stages, but their potential as targets for antivirals is often not fully realized due to the lack of selective modulators. Here, we observe that treatment with ML2-SA1, an agonist for the human endolysosomal cation channel TRPML2, impairs ZIKV replication. Upon ML2-SA1 treatment, levels of intracellular genomes and number of released virus particles of two different ZIKV isolates were significantly reduced and cells displayed enlarged vesicular structures and multivesicular bodies with ZIKV envelope protein accumulation. However, no increased ZIKV degradation in lysosomal compartments was observed. Rather, the antiviral effect of ML2-SA1 seemed to manifest by the compound's negative impact on genome replication. Moreover, ML2-SA1 treatment also led to intracellular cholesterol accumulation. ZIKV and many other viruses including the Orthohepevirus Hepatitis E virus (HEV) rely on the endolysosomal system and are affected by intracellular cholesterol levels to complete their life cycle. Since we observed that ML2-SA1 also negatively impacted HEV infections in vitro, this compound may harbor a broader antiviral potential through perturbing the intracellular cholesterol distribution. Besides indicating that TRPML2 may be a promising target for combatting viral infections, we uncover a tentative connection between this protein and cholesterol distribution within the context of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin K Schwickert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mirco Glitscher
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bender
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Nuka Ivalu Benz
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Robin Murra
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Kevin Schwickert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Pfalzgraf
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Balance of the Microverse", Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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Hu M, Feng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Huang F, Xu H. The ion channels of endomembranes. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1335-1385. [PMID: 38451235 PMCID: PMC11381013 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of organellar membranes in the biosynthetic pathway [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles] as well as those in the degradative pathway (early endosomes, macropinosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes). These endomembrane organelles/vesicles work together to synthesize, modify, package, transport, and degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, regulating the balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. Large ion concentration gradients exist across endomembranes: Ca2+ gradients for most endomembrane organelles and H+ gradients for the acidic compartments. Ion (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl-) channels on the organellar membranes control ion flux in response to cellular cues, allowing rapid informational exchange between the cytosol and organelle lumen. Recent advances in organelle proteomics, organellar electrophysiology, and luminal and juxtaorganellar ion imaging have led to molecular identification and functional characterization of about two dozen endomembrane ion channels. For example, whereas IP3R1-3 channels mediate Ca2+ release from the ER in response to neurotransmitter and hormone stimulation, TRPML1-3 and TMEM175 channels mediate lysosomal Ca2+ and H+ release, respectively, in response to nutritional and trafficking cues. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these endomembrane channels, with a focus on their subcellular localizations, ion permeation properties, gating mechanisms, cell biological functions, and disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Feng
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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3
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Duan J, Huang Z, Qin S, Li B, Zhang Z, Liu R, Wang K, Nice EC, Jiang J, Huang C. Oxidative stress induces extracellular vesicle release by upregulation of HEXB to facilitate tumour growth in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12468. [PMID: 38944674 PMCID: PMC11214608 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in triggering tumour-aggressive behaviours. However, the energetic process by which tumour cells produce EVs remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of β-hexosaminidase B (HEXB) in mediating EV release in response to oxidative stress, thereby promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), leading to the upregulation of both HEXB and its antisense lncRNA HEXB-AS. HEXB-AS can bind HEXB to form a protein/RNA complex, which elevates the protein stability of HEXB. The stabilized HEXB interacts with lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1), disrupting lysosome-multivesicular body (MVB) fusion, which protects EVs from degradation. Knockdown of HEXB efficiently inhibits EV release and curbs HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, targeting HEXB by M-31850 significantly inhibits HCC growth, especially when combined with GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome release. Our results underscore the critical role of HEXB as a modulator that promotes EV release during HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
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4
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Cunha MR, Do Amaral BS, Takarada JE, Valderrama GV, Batista ANL, Batista JM, Cass QB, Couñago RM, Massirer KB. (S)-ML-SA1 Activates Autophagy via TRPML1-TFEB Pathway. Chembiochem 2024:e202400506. [PMID: 38923811 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Autophagic flux plays a crucial role in various diseases. Recently, the lysosomal ion channel TRPML1 has emerged as a promising target in lysosomal storage diseases, such as mucolipidosis. The discovery of mucolipin synthetic agonist-1 (ML-SA1) has expanded our understanding of TRPML1's function and its potential therapeutic uses. However, ML-SA1 is a racemate with limited cellular potency and poor water solubility. In this study, we synthetized rac-ML-SA1, separated the enantiomers by chiral liquid chromatography and determined their absolute configuration by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). In addition, we focused on investigating the impact of each enantiomer of ML-SA1 on the TRPML1-TFEB axis. Our findings revealed that (S)-ML-SA1 acts as an agonist for TRPML1 at the lysosomal membrane. This activation prompts transcription factor EB (TFEB) to translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus in a dose-dependent manner within live cells. Consequently, this signaling pathway enhances the expression of coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) genes and activates autophagic flux. Our study presents evidence for the potential use of (S)-ML-SA1 in the development of new therapies for lysosomal storage diseases that target TRPML1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael R Cunha
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, Campinas, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Bruno S Do Amaral
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, Campinas, 13083-886, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Av. Mutinga 951, São Paulo, 05110-000, Brazil
| | - Jéssica E Takarada
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, Campinas, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Gabriel V Valderrama
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, Campinas, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Andrea N L Batista
- Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - João M Batista
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, Talim Street 330, São José dos Campos, 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- SEPARARE-Chromatography Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, s/n Km 235, São Carlos, 13565-095, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Couñago
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, Campinas, 13083-886, Brazil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Pharmacy Lane 301, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, Campinas, 13083-886, Brazil
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5
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Cen J, Hu N, Shen J, Gao Y, Lu H. Pathological Functions of Lysosomal Ion Channels in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6565. [PMID: 38928271 PMCID: PMC11203704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles that maintain cellular homeostasis and regulate fundamental cellular processes by integrating multiple metabolic pathways. Lysosomal ion channels such as TRPML1-3, TPC1/2, ClC6/7, CLN7, and TMEM175 mediate the flux of Ca2+, Cl-, Na+, H+, and K+ across lysosomal membranes in response to osmotic stimulus, nutrient-dependent signals, and cellular stresses. These ion channels serve as the crucial transducers of cell signals and are essential for the regulation of lysosomal biogenesis, motility, membrane contact site formation, and lysosomal homeostasis. In terms of pathophysiology, genetic variations in these channel genes have been associated with the development of lysosomal storage diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancer. This review aims to discuss the current understanding of the role of these ion channels in the central nervous system and to assess their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongjing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.C.); (N.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Huanjun Lu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.C.); (N.H.); (J.S.)
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6
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Ouologuem L, Bartel K. Endolysosomal transient receptor potential mucolipins and two-pore channels: implications for cancer immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389194. [PMID: 38840905 PMCID: PMC11150529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Past research has identified that cancer cells sustain several cancer hallmarks by impairing function of the endolysosomal system (ES). Thus, maintaining the functional integrity of endolysosomes is crucial, which heavily relies on two key protein families: soluble hydrolases and endolysosomal membrane proteins. Particularly members of the TPC (two-pore channel) and TRPML (transient receptor potential mucolipins) families have emerged as essential regulators of ES function as a potential target in cancer therapy. Targeting TPCs and TRPMLs has demonstrated significant impact on multiple cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, growth, migration, and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, endosomes and lysosomes also actively participate in various immune regulatory mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and the release of proinflammatory mediators. Yet, knowledge about the role of TPCs and TRPMLs in immunity is scarce. This prompts a discussion regarding the potential role of endolysosomal ion channels in aiding cancers to evade immune surveillance and destruction. Specifically, understanding the interplay between endolysosomal ion channels and cancer immunity becomes crucial. Our review aims to comprehensively explore the current knowledge surrounding the roles of TPCs and TRPMLs in immunity, whilst emphasizing the critical need to elucidate their specific contributions to cancer immunity by pointing out current research gaps that should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Yuan Y, Jaślan D, Rahman T, Bracher F, Grimm C, Patel S. Coordinating activation of endo-lysosomal two-pore channels and TRP mucolipins. J Physiol 2024; 602:1623-1636. [PMID: 38598430 DOI: 10.1113/jp283829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-pore channels and TRP mucolipins are ubiquitous endo-lysosomal cation channels of pathophysiological relevance. Both are Ca2+-permeable and regulated by phosphoinositides, principally PI(3,5)P2. Accumulating evidence has uncovered synergistic channel activation by PI(3,5)P2 and endogenous metabolites such as the Ca2+ mobilizing messenger NAADP, synthetic agonists including approved drugs and physical cues such as voltage and osmotic pressure. Here, we provide an overview of this coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Dawid Jaślan
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
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8
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Wang Z, Chen M, Su Q, Morais TDC, Wang Y, Nazginov E, Pillai AR, Qian F, Shi Y, Yu Y. Molecular and structural basis of the dual regulation of the polycystin-2 ion channel by small-molecule ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316230121. [PMID: 38483987 PMCID: PMC10962963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes the polycystin-2 (PC2, also called TRPP2) protein, lead to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). As a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily, PC2 functions as a non-selective cation channel. The activation and regulation of the PC2 channel are largely unknown, and direct binding of small-molecule ligands to this channel has not been reported. In this work, we found that most known small-molecule agonists of the mucolipin TRP (TRPML) channels inhibit the activity of the PC2_F604P, a gain-of-function mutant of the PC2 channel. However, two of them, ML-SA1 and SF-51, have dual regulatory effects, with low concentration further activating PC2_F604P, and high concentration leading to inactivation of the channel. With two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures, a molecular docking model, and mutagenesis results, we identified two distinct binding sites of ML-SA1 in PC2_F604P that are responsible for activation and inactivation, respectively. These results provide structural and functional insights into how ligands regulate PC2 channel function through unusual mechanisms and may help design compounds that are more efficient and specific in regulating the PC2 channel and potentially also for ADPKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Mengying Chen
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
| | - Tiago D. C. Morais
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Elianna Nazginov
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Akhilraj R. Pillai
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Yigong Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province310024, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY11375
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9
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Xia Z, Long D, Hong X, Lan Y, Xie L. Tissue expression of porcine transient receptor potential mucolipin protein channels and their differential responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in vitro. J Vet Res 2024; 68:45-53. [PMID: 38525220 PMCID: PMC10960329 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection results in a serious disease, posing a huge economic threat to the global swine industry. The transient receptor potential mucolipin proteins (TRPMLs) have been shown to be strongly associated with virus infection and other physiological processes in humans, but their tissue distribution and responses to PRRSV in pigs remain unknown. Material and Methods Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis was undertaken to determine the optimal primer for TRPML expression detection and for quantifying that expression individually in different pig tissue samples. Meat Animal Research Center 145 (MARC-145) monkey kidney cells and the TRPML-specific activator mucolipin synthetic agonist 1 (ML-SA1) were used to reveal the relationship between TRPML and PRRSV-2 infection. Results The best primers for each TRPML gene used in a fluorescence-based quantitative method were identified and TRPML1 was found to be highly expressed in the kidneys and liver of pigs, while TRPML2 and TRPML3 were observed to be primarily expressed in the kidney and spleen tissues. The expression of TRPML2 was upregulated with the rise in PRRSV-2 infection titre but not the expression of TRPML1 or TRPML3, and ML-SA1 inhibited PRRSV-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Our research revealed the gene expression of TRPMLs in pigs and identified that TRPML channels may act as key host factors against PRRSV infection, which could lead to new targets for the prevention and treatment of pig infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xia
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian463000, China
- Zhumadian Huazhong Chia Tai Co., Ltd., Zhumadian463000, China
- Henan Topfond Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Zhumadian463000, China
| | - Denggao Long
- Sixteenth Middle School of Yiyang City, Yiyang413064, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinyi Hong
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian463000, China
| | - Ying Lan
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian463000, China
| | - Lixia Xie
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian463000, China
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10
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Shariq M, Khan MF, Raj R, Ahsan N, Kumar P. PRKAA2, MTOR, and TFEB in the regulation of lysosomal damage response and autophagy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:287-311. [PMID: 38183492 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes function as critical signaling hubs that govern essential enzyme complexes. LGALS proteins (LGALS3, LGALS8, and LGALS9) are integral to the endomembrane damage response. If ESCRT fails to rectify damage, LGALS-mediated ubiquitination occurs, recruiting autophagy receptors (CALCOCO2, TRIM16, and SQSTM1) and VCP/p97 complex containing UBXN6, PLAA, and YOD1, initiating selective autophagy. Lysosome replenishment through biogenesis is regulated by TFEB. LGALS3 interacts with TFRC and TRIM16, aiding ESCRT-mediated repair and autophagy-mediated removal of damaged lysosomes. LGALS8 inhibits MTOR and activates TFEB for ATG and lysosomal gene transcription. LGALS9 inhibits USP9X, activates PRKAA2, MAP3K7, ubiquitination, and autophagy. Conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM) initiates damage repair mediated by ATP6V1A, ATG16L1, ATG12, ATG5, ATG3, and TECPR1. ATG8ylation or CASM activates the MERIT system (ESCRT-mediated repair, autophagy-mediated clearance, MCOLN1 activation, Ca2+ release, RRAG-GTPase regulation, MTOR modulation, TFEB activation, and activation of GTPase IRGM). Annexins ANAX1 and ANAX2 aid damage repair. Stress granules stabilize damaged membranes, recruiting FLCN-FNIP1/2, G3BP1, and NUFIP1 to inhibit MTOR and activate TFEB. Lysosomes coordinate the synergistic response to endomembrane damage and are vital for innate and adaptive immunity. Future research should unveil the collaborative actions of ATG proteins, LGALSs, TRIMs, autophagy receptors, and lysosomal proteins in lysosomal damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shariq
- Quantlase Imaging Laboratory, Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Mohammad Firoz Khan
- Quantlase Imaging Laboratory, Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Reshmi Raj
- Quantlase Imaging Laboratory, Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nuzhat Ahsan
- Quantlase Imaging Laboratory, Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Quantlase Imaging Laboratory, Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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11
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Yan Q, Gao C, Li M, Lan R, Wei S, Fan R, Cheng W. TRP Ion Channels in Immune Cells and Their Implications for Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2719. [PMID: 38473965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels act as cellular sensors and mediate a plethora of physiological processes, including somatosensation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Under specific conditions, certain TRP channels are involved in inflammation and immune responses. Thus, focusing on the role of TRPs in immune system cells may contribute to resolving inflammation. In this review, we discuss the distribution of five subfamilies of mammalian TRP ion channels in immune system cells and how these ion channels function in inflammatory mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of TRP ion channels in mediating inflammation and may offer potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Yan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chuanzhou Gao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Rui Lan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shaohan Wei
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Runsong Fan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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12
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Frey N, Ouologuem L, Blenninger J, Siow WX, Thorn-Seshold J, Stöckl J, Abrahamian C, Fröhlich T, Vollmar AM, Grimm C, Bartel K. Endolysosomal TRPML1 channel regulates cancer cell migration by altering intracellular trafficking of E-cadherin and β 1-integrin. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105581. [PMID: 38141765 PMCID: PMC10825694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis still accounts for 90% of all cancer-related death cases. An increase of cellular mobility and invasive traits of cancer cells mark two crucial prerequisites of metastasis. Recent studies highlight the involvement of the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML1 in cell migration. Our results identified a widely antimigratory effect upon loss of TRPML1 function in a panel of cell lines in vitro and reduced dissemination in vivo. As mode-of-action, we established TRPML1 as a crucial regulator of cytosolic calcium levels, actin polymerization, and intracellular trafficking of two promigratory proteins: E-cadherin and β1-integrin. Interestingly, KO of TRPML1 differentially interferes with the recycling process of E-cadherin and β1-integrin in a cell line-dependant manner, while resulting in the same phenotype of decreased migratory and adhesive capacities in vitro. Additionally, we observed a coherence between reduction of E-cadherin levels at membrane site and phosphorylation of NF-κB in a β-catenin/p38-mediated manner. As a result, an E-cadherin/NF-κB feedback loop is generated, regulating E-cadherin expression on a transcriptional level. Consequently, our findings highlight the role of TRPML1 as a regulator in migratory processes and suggest the ion channel as a suitable target for the inhibition of migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Frey
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Ouologuem
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Blenninger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei-Xiong Siow
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Stöckl
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Abrahamian
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Shirbhate E, Singh V, Mishra A, Jahoriya V, Veerasamy R, Tiwari AK, Rajak H. Targeting Lysosomes: A Strategy Against Chemoresistance in Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1449-1468. [PMID: 38343053 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575287242240129120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is still the major method of treatment for many types of cancer. Curative cancer therapy is hampered significantly by medication resistance. Acidic organelles like lysosomes serve as protagonists in cellular digestion. Lysosomes, however, are gaining popularity due to their speeding involvement in cancer progression and resistance. For instance, weak chemotherapeutic drugs of basic nature permeate through the lysosomal membrane and are retained in lysosomes in their cationic state, while extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes induces cancer, cytosolic escape of lysosomal hydrolases causes apoptosis, and so on. Drug availability at the sites of action is decreased due to lysosomal drug sequestration, which also enhances cancer resistance. This review looks at lysosomal drug sequestration mechanisms and how they affect cancer treatment resistance. Using lysosomes as subcellular targets to combat drug resistance and reverse drug sequestration is another method for overcoming drug resistance that is covered in this article. The present review has identified lysosomal drug sequestration as one of the reasons behind chemoresistance. The article delves deeper into specific aspects of lysosomal sequestration, providing nuanced insights, critical evaluations, or novel interpretations of different approaches that target lysosomes to defect cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Shirbhate
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Varsha Jahoriya
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- UAMS College of Pharmacy; UAMS - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, (AR) USA
| | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
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14
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, Zhang N, Pan L, Wang B. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:261. [PMID: 37402746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglu Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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15
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Wu J, Li Z, Deng Y, Lu X, Luo C, Mu X, Zhang T, Liu Q, Tang S, Li J, An Q, Fan D, Xiang Y, Wu X, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Function of TRP channels in monocytes/macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187890. [PMID: 37404813 PMCID: PMC10315479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential channel (TRP channel) family is a kind of non- specific cation channel widely distributed in various tissues and organs of the human body, including the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, immune system, etc. It has been reported that various TRP channels are expressed in mammalian macrophages. TRP channels may be involved in various signaling pathways in the development of various systemic diseases through changes in intracellular concentrations of cations such as calcium and magnesium. These TRP channels may also intermingle with macrophage activation signals to jointly regulate the occurrence and development of diseases. Here, we summarize recent findings on the expression and function of TRP channels in macrophages and discuss their role as modulators of macrophage activation and function. As research on TRP channels in health and disease progresses, it is anticipated that positive or negative modulators of TRP channels for treating specific diseases may be promising therapeutic options for the prevention and/or treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ya Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianmin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingyi Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qimin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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16
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Gene expression of TRPMLs and its regulation by pathogen stimulation. Gene 2023; 864:147291. [PMID: 36813061 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) subfamily in mammalian has three members, namely TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3, who play key roles in regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, endosomal pH, membrane trafficking and autophagy. Previous studies had shown that three TRPMLs are closely related to the occurrence of pathogen invasion and immune regulation in some immune tissues or cells, but the relationship between TRPMLs expression and pathogen invasion in lung tissue or cell remains elusive. Here, we investigated the expression distribution of three TRPML channels in mouse different tissues by qRT-PCR, and then found that all three TRPMLs were highly expressed in the mouse lung tissue, as well as mouse spleen and kidney tissues. The expression of TRPML1 or TRPML3 in all three mouse tissues had a significant down-regulation after the treatment of Salmonella or LPS, but TRPML2 expression showed a remarkable increase. Consistently, TRPML1 or TRPML3 but not TRPML2 in A549 cells also displayed a decreased expression induced by LPS stimulation, which shared a similar regulation pattern in the mouse lung tissue. Furthermore, the treatment of the TRPML1 or TRPML3 specific activator induced a dose-dependent up-regulation of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, suggesting that TRPML1 and TRPML3 are likely to play an important role in immune and inflammatory regulation. Together, our study identified the gene expression of TRPMLs induced by pathogen stimulation in vivo and in vitro, which may provide novel targets for innate immunity or pathogen regulation.
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17
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Cunha MR, Catta-Preta CMC, Takarada JE, Moreira GA, Massirer KB, Couñago RM. A novel BRET-based assay to investigate binding and residence times of unmodified ligands to the human lysosomal ion channel TRPML1 in intact cells. J Biol Chem 2023:104807. [PMID: 37172730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report a Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) assay as a novel way to investigate the binding of unlabeled ligands to the human Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (hTRPML1), a lysosomal ion channel involved in several genetic diseases and cancer progression. This novel BRET assay can be used to determine equilibrium and kinetic binding parameters of unlabeled compounds to hTRPML1 using intact human-derived cells, thus complementing the information obtained using functional assays based on ion channel activation. We expect this new BRET assay to expedite the identification and optimization of cell-permeable ligands that interact with hTRPML1 within the physiologically-relevant environment of lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael R Cunha
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Carolina M C Catta-Preta
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil; Current address: Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jéssica E Takarada
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Moreira
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Rafael M Couñago
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
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18
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Gibbs KD, Wang L, Yang Z, Anderson CE, Bourgeois JS, Cao Y, Gaggioli MR, Biel M, Puertollano R, Chen CC, Ko DC. Human variation impacting MCOLN2 restricts Salmonella Typhi replication by magnesium deprivation. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100290. [PMID: 37228749 PMCID: PMC10203047 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic diversity can reveal critical factors in host-pathogen interactions. This is especially useful for human-restricted pathogens like Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the cause of typhoid fever. One key defense during bacterial infection is nutritional immunity: host cells attempt to restrict bacterial replication by denying bacteria access to key nutrients or supplying toxic metabolites. Here, a cellular genome-wide association study of intracellular replication by S. Typhi in nearly a thousand cell lines from around the world-and extensive follow-up using intracellular S. Typhi transcriptomics and manipulation of magnesium availability-demonstrates that the divalent cation channel mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2 or TRPML2) restricts S. Typhi intracellular replication through magnesium deprivation. Mg2+ currents, conducted through MCOLN2 and out of endolysosomes, were measured directly using patch-clamping of the endolysosomal membrane. Our results reveal Mg2+ limitation as a key component of nutritional immunity against S. Typhi and as a source of variable host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline E. Anderson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Bourgeois
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yanlu Cao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Margaret R. Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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19
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Milani M, Pihán P, Hetz C. Calcium signaling in lysosome-dependent cell death. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102751. [PMID: 37178674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a crucial messenger of intracellular and extracellular signals, regulating a great variety of cellular processes such as cell death, proliferation, and metabolism. Inside the cell, calcium signaling is one of the main interorganelle communication mediators, with central functional roles at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, Golgi complex, and lysosomes. Lysosomal function is highly dependent on lumenal calcium and most of the lysosomal membrane-localised ion channels regulate several lysosomal functions and properties such as lumenal pH. One of these functions configures a specific type of cell death involving lysosomes, named lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD), which contributes to maintenance of tissue homeostasis, development and pathology when deregulated. Here, we cover the fundamental aspects of LDCD with a special focus on recent advances in calcium signaling in LDCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Milani
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, United States of America.
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20
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Zhao Y, Zhai L, Qin T, Hu L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Sui C, Zhang L, Zhou D, Lv M, Yang W. Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis of the Lungs of Mice Challenged with Aerosols of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Clone Reveals Inflammatory Balance. Biomolecules 2023; 13:347. [PMID: 36830716 PMCID: PMC9953551 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
USA300, a dominant clone of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), is circulating globally and can cause necrotizing pneumonia with high morbidity and mortality. To further reveal the host anti-MRSA infection immune response, we established a mouse model of acute primary MRSA pneumonia challenged with aerosols of the USA300 clone. A time-course transcriptome analysis of the lungs collected at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h post-infection (hpi) was conducted using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and multiple bioinformatic analysis methods. The change trend of histopathology and five innate immune cell (neutrophils, mononuclear cells, eosinophils, macrophages, DC cells) proportions in the lungs after infection was also examined. We observed a distinct acute pulmonary recovery process. A rapid initiation period of inflammation was present at 12 hpi, during which the IL-17 pathway dominantly mediated inflammation and immune defense. The main stages of host inflammatory response occurred at 24 and 48 hpi, and the regulation of interferon activation and macrophage polarization played an important role in the control of inflammatory balance at this stage. At 96 hpi, cellular proliferation processes associated with host repair were observed, as well as adaptive immunity and complement system responses involving C1q molecules. More importantly, the data provide new insight into and identify potential functional genes involved in the checks and balances occurring between host anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate transcriptional responses throughout the inflammatory recovery process in the lungs after MRSA infection. Our study uncovers valuable research targets for key regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of MRSA lung infections, which may help to develop novel treatment strategies for MRSA pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Immunology of Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lina Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tongtong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jiazhen Wang
- Department of Immunology of Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chengyu Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
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Steiner P, Arlt E, Boekhoff I, Gudermann T, Zierler S. TPC Functions in the Immune System. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:71-92. [PMID: 36639434 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) are novel intracellular cation channels, which play a key role in numerous (patho-)physiological and immunological processes. In this chapter, we focus on their function in immune cells and immune reactions. Therefore, we first give an overview of the cellular immune response and the partaking immune cells. Second, we concentrate on ion channels which in the past have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of immune cells. The main focus is then directed to TPCs, which are primarily located in the membranes of acidic organelles, such as lysosomes or endolysosomes but also certain other vesicles. They regulate Ca2+ homeostasis and thus Ca2+ signaling in immune cells. Due to this important functional role, TPCs are enjoying increasing attention within the field of immunology in the last few decades but are also becoming more pertinent as pharmacological targets for the treatment of pro-inflammatory diseases such as allergic hypersensitivity. However, to uncover the precise molecular mechanism of TPCs in immune cell responses, further molecular, genetic, and ultrastructural investigations on TPCs are necessary, which then may pave the way to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat diseases such as anaphylaxis more specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Steiner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Arlt
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Boekhoff
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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22
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Rautenberg S, Keller M, Leser C, Chen CC, Bracher F, Grimm C. Expanding the Toolbox: Novel Modulators of Endolysosomal Cation Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:249-276. [PMID: 35902436 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Functional characterization of endolysosomal ion channels is challenging due to their intracellular location. With recent advances in endolysosomal patch clamp technology, it has become possible to directly measure ion channel currents across endolysosomal membranes. Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family, namely the endolysosomal TRPML channels (TRPML1-3), also called mucolipins, as well as the distantly related two-pore channels (TPCs) have recently been characterized in more detail with endolysosomal patch clamp techniques. However, answers to many physiological questions require work in intact cells or animal models. One major obstacle thereby is that the known endogenous ligands of TRPMLs and TPCs are anionic in nature and thus impermeable for cell membranes. Microinjection, on the other hand, is technically demanding. There is also a risk of losing essential co-factors for channel activation or inhibition in isolated preparations. Therefore, lipophilic, membrane-permeable small-molecule activators and inhibitors for TRPMLs and TPCs are urgently needed. Here, we describe and discuss the currently available small-molecule modulators of TRPMLs and TPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rautenberg
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Leser
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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23
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Chen CC. Electrophysiological Techniques on the Study of Endolysosomal Ion Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:217-233. [PMID: 36871125 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Endolysosomal ion channels are a group of ion channel proteins that are functionally expressed on the membrane of endolysosomal vesicles. The electrophysiological properties of these ion channels in the intracellular organelle membrane cannot be observed using conventional electrophysiological techniques. This section compiles the different electrophysiological techniques utilized in recent years to study endolysosomal ion channels and describes their methodological characteristics, emphasizing the most widely used technique for whole endolysosome recordings to date. This includes the use of different pharmacological tools and genetic tools for the application of patch-clamping techniques for specific stages of endolysosomes, allowing the recording of ion channel activity in different organelles, such as recycling endosomes, early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. These electrophysiological techniques are not only cutting-edge technologies that help to investigate the biophysical properties of known and unknown intracellular ion channels but also help us to investigate the physiopathological role of these ion channels in the distribution of dynamic vesicles and to identify new therapeutic targets for precision medicine and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
This chapter explores the existing structural and functional studies on the endo-lysosomal channel TRPML1 and its analogs TRPML2, TRPML3. These channels represent the mucolipin subfamily of the TRP channel superfamily comprising important roles in sensory physiology, ion homeostasis, and signal transduction. Since 2016, numerous structures have been determined for all three members using either cryo-EM or X-ray crystallography. These studies along with recent functional analysis have considerably strengthened our knowledge on TRPML channels and its related endo-lysosomal function. This chapter, together with relevant reports in other chapters from this handbook, provides an informative and detailed tool to study the endo-lysosomal cation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fine
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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25
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Li G, Huang D, Zou Y, Kidd J, Gehr TWB, Li N, Ritter JK, Li PL. Impaired autophagic flux and dedifferentiation in podocytes lacking Asah1 gene: Role of lysosomal TRPML1 channel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119386. [PMID: 36302466 PMCID: PMC9869931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Podocytopathy and associated nephrotic syndrome have been reported in a mouse strain (Asah1fl/fl/Podocre) with a podocyte-specific deletion of α subunit (the main catalytic subunit) of acid ceramidase (Ac). However, the pathogenesis of podocytopathy in these mice remains unclear. The present study tested whether Ac deficiency impairs autophagic flux in podocytes through blockade of transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel as a potential pathogenic mechanism of podocytopathy in Asah1fl/fl/Podocre mice. We first demonstrated that impairment of autophagic flux occurred in podocytes lacking Asah1 gene, which was evidenced by autophagosome accumulation and reduced lysosome-autophagosome interaction. TRPML1 channel agonists recovered lysosome-autophagosome interaction and attenuated autophagosome accumulation in podocytes from Asah1fl/fl/Podocre mice, while TRPML1 channel inhibitors impaired autophagic flux in WT/WT podocytes and worsened autophagic deficiency in podocytes lacking Asah1 gene. The effects of TRPML1 channel agonist were blocked by dynein inhibitors, indicating a critical role of dynein activity in the control of lysosome movement due to TRPML1 channel-mediated Ca2+ release. It was also found that there is an enhanced phenotypic transition to dedifferentiation status in podocytes lacking Asah1 gene in vitro and in vivo. Such podocyte phenotypic transition was inhibited by TRPML1 channel agonists but enhanced by TRPML1 channel inhibitors. Moreover, we found that TRPML1 gene silencing induced autophagosome accumulation and dedifferentiation in podocytes. Based on these results, we conclude that Ac activity is essential for autophagic flux and maintenance of differentiated status of podocytes. Dysfunction or deficiency of Ac may impair autophagic flux and induce podocyte dedifferentiation, which may be an important pathogenic mechanism of podocytopathy and associated nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal second messenger that plays a wide variety of fundamental roles in cellular physiology. Thus, to warrant selective responses and to allow rapid mobilization upon specific stimuli, Ca2+ is accumulated in organelles to keep it at very low levels in the cytoplasm during resting conditions. Major Ca2+ storage organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mitochondria, and as recently demonstrated, the lysosome (Xu and Ren, Annu Rev Physiol 77:57-80, 2015). The importance of Ca2+ signaling deregulation in human physiology is underscored by its involvement in several human diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegenerative disease and cancer (Shen et al., Nat Commun 3:731, 2012; Bae et al., J Neurosci 34:11485-11503, 2014). Recent evidence strongly suggests that lysosomal Ca2+ plays a major role in the regulation of lysosomal adaptation to nutrient availability through a lysosomal signaling pathway involving the lysosomal Ca2+ channel TRPML1 and the transcription factor TFEB, a master regulator for lysosomal function and autophagy (Sardiello et al., Science 325:473-477, 2009; Settembre et al., Science 332:1429-1433, 2011; Medina et al., Nat Cell Biol 17:288-299, 2015; Di Paola et al., Cell Calcium 69:112-121, 2018). Due to the tight relationship of this lysosomal Ca2+ channel and TFEB, in this chapter, we will focus on the role of the TRPML1/TFEB pathway in the regulation of lysosomal function and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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27
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Iron-induced cytotoxicity mediated by endolysosomal TRPML1 channels is reverted by TFEB. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1047. [PMID: 36522443 PMCID: PMC9755144 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased brain iron content has been consistently reported in sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and an increase in cytosolic free iron is known to cause oxidative stress and cell death. However, whether iron also accumulates in susceptible brain areas in humans or in mouse models of familial PD remains unknown. In addition, whilst the lysosome functions as a critical intracellular iron storage organelle, little is known about the mechanisms underlying lysosomal iron release and how this process is influenced by lysosome biogenesis and/or lysosomal exocytosis. Here, we report an increase in brain iron content also in PD patients due to the common G2019S-LRRK2 mutation as compared to healthy age-matched controls, whilst differences in iron content are not observed in G2019S-LRRK2 knockin as compared to control mice. Chemically triggering iron overload in cultured cells causes cytotoxicity via the endolysosomal release of iron which is mediated by TRPML1. TFEB expression reverts the iron overload-associated cytotoxicity by causing lysosomal exocytosis, which is dependent on a TRPML1-mediated increase in cytosolic calcium levels. Therefore, approaches aimed at increasing TFEB levels, or pharmacological TRPML1 activation in conjunction with iron chelation may prove beneficial against cell death associated with iron overload conditions such as those associated with PD.
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28
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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The contribution of ion channels to shaping macrophage behaviour. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970234. [PMID: 36160429 PMCID: PMC9490177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding roles of macrophages in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms now include normal tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and regeneration, including neuronal tissue; initiation, progression, and resolution of the inflammatory response and a diverse array of anti-microbial activities. Two hallmarks of macrophage activity which appear to be fundamental to their diverse cellular functionalities are cellular plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Macrophage plasticity allows these cells to take on a broad spectrum of differing cellular phenotypes in response to local and possibly previous encountered environmental signals. Cellular plasticity also contributes to tissue- and stimulus-dependent macrophage heterogeneity, which manifests itself as different macrophage phenotypes being found at different tissue locations and/or after different cell stimuli. Together, plasticity and heterogeneity align macrophage phenotypes to their required local cellular functions and prevent inappropriate activation of the cell, which could lead to pathology. To execute the appropriate function, which must be regulated at the qualitative, quantitative, spatial and temporal levels, macrophages constantly monitor intracellular and extracellular parameters to initiate and control the appropriate cell signaling cascades. The sensors and signaling mechanisms which control macrophages are the focus of a considerable amount of research. Ion channels regulate the flow of ions between cellular membranes and are critical to cell signaling mechanisms in a variety of cellular functions. It is therefore surprising that the role of ion channels in the macrophage biology has been relatively overlooked. In this review we provide a summary of ion channel research in macrophages. We begin by giving a narrative-based explanation of the membrane potential and its importance in cell biology. We then report on research implicating different ion channel families in macrophage functions. Finally, we highlight some areas of ion channel research in macrophages which need to be addressed, future possible developments in this field and therapeutic potential.
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29
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Sierra-Marquez J, Willuweit A, Schöneck M, Bungert-Plümke S, Gehlen J, Balduin C, Müller F, Lampert A, Fahlke C, Guzman RE. ClC-3 regulates the excitability of nociceptive neurons and is involved in inflammatory processes within the spinal sensory pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:920075. [PMID: 37124866 PMCID: PMC10134905 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.920075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ClC-3 Cl–/H+ exchangers are expressed in multiple endosomal compartments and likely modify intra-endosomal pH and [Cl–] via the stoichiometrically coupled exchange of two Cl– ions and one H+. We studied pain perception in Clcn3–/– mice and found that ClC-3 not only modifies the electrical activity of peripheral nociceptors but is also involved in inflammatory processes in the spinal cord. We demonstrate that ClC-3 regulates the number of Nav and Kv ion channels in the plasma membrane of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and that these changes impair the age-dependent decline in excitability of sensory neurons. To distinguish the role of ClC-3 in Cl–/H+ exchange from its other functions in pain perception, we used mice homozygous for the E281Q ClC-3 point mutation (Clcn3E281Q/E281Q), which completely eliminates transport activity. Since ClC-3 forms heterodimers with ClC-4, we crossed these animals with Clcn4–/– to obtain mice completely lacking in ClC-3-associated endosomal chloride–proton transport. The electrical properties of Clcn3E281Q/E281Q/Clcn4–/– DRG neurons were similar to those of wild-type cells, indicating that the age-dependent adjustment of neuronal excitability is independent of ClC-3 transport activity. Both Clcn3–/– and Clcn3E281Q/E281Q/Clcn4–/– animals exhibited microglial activation in the spinal cord, demonstrating that competent ClC-3 transport is needed to maintain glial cell homeostasis. Our findings illustrate how reduced Cl–/H+ exchange contributes to inflammatory responses and demonstrate a role for ClC-3 in the homeostatic regulation of neuronal excitability beyond its function in endosomal ion balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sierra-Marquez
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Medical Imaging Physics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Schöneck
- Medical Imaging Physics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bungert-Plümke
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jana Gehlen
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carina Balduin
- Medical Imaging Physics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Fahlke
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Raul E. Guzman
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molecular and Cellular Physiology (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Raul E. Guzman,
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30
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Chen CC, Krogsaeter E, Kuo CY, Huang MC, Chang SY, Biel M. Endolysosomal cation channels point the way towards precision medicine of cancer and infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112751. [PMID: 35240524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and cancer are among the key medical challenges that humankind is facing today. A growing amount of evidence suggests that ion channels in the endolysosomal system play a crucial role in the pathology of both groups of diseases. The development of advanced patch-clamp technologies has allowed us to directly characterize ion fluxes through endolysosomal ion channels in their native environments. Endolysosomes are essential organelles for intracellular transport, digestion and metabolism, and maintenance of homeostasis. The endolysosomal ion channels regulate the function of the endolysosomal system through four basic mechanisms: calcium release, control of membrane potential, pH change, and osmolarity regulation. In this review, we put particular emphasis on the endolysosomal cation channels, including TPC2 and TRPML2, which are particularly important in monocyte function. We discuss existing endogenous and synthetic ligands of these channels and summarize current knowledge of their impact on channel activity and function in different cell types. Moreover, we summarize recent findings on the importance of TPC2 and TRPML2 channels as potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of the emerging infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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31
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Siow WX, Kabiri Y, Tang R, Chao YK, Plesch E, Eberhagen C, Flenkenthaler F, Fröhlich T, Bracher F, Grimm C, Biel M, Zischka H, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. Lysosomal TRPML1 regulates mitochondrial function in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274242. [PMID: 35274126 PMCID: PMC8977057 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are the second most lethal cancers worldwide and novel therapeutic strategies are still highly needed. Recently, the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML1 has gained focus in cancer research representing an interesting novel target. We utilized the recently developed isoform-selective TRPML1 activator ML1-SA1 and the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate tools for over-activation and loss-of-function studies on TRPML1 in HCC. After verification of our tools, we investigated the role of TRPML1 in HCC by studying proliferation, apoptosis, and proteomic alterations. Further, we analyzed mitochondrial function in detail, facilitating confocal and transmission electron microscopy, combined with SeahorseTM and Oroboros® functional analysis. We report that TRPML1 over-activation by a novel, isoform-selective, low-molecular activator induces apoptosis by impairing mitochondrial function calcium dependently. Additionally, TRPML1 loss-of-function deregulates mitochondrial renewal, which leads to proliferation impairment. Thus, our study reveals a novel role for TRPML1 as regulator of mitochondrial function and its modulators as promising molecules for novel therapeutic options in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong Siow
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yaschar Kabiri
- Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Tang
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Plesch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Gunaratne GS, Marchant JS. The ins and outs of virus trafficking through acidic Ca 2+ stores. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102528. [PMID: 35033909 PMCID: PMC8860173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses exploit host-cell Ca2+ signaling processes throughout their life cycle. This is especially relevant for viruses that translocate through the endolysosomal system, where cellular infection is keyed to the microenvironment of these acidic Ca2+ stores and Ca2+-dependent trafficking pathways. As regulators of the endolysosomal ionic milieu and trafficking dynamics, two families of endolysosomal Ca2+-permeable cation channels - two pore channels (TPCs) and transient receptor potential mucolipins (TRPMLs) - have emerged as important host-cell factors in viral entry. Here, we review: (i) current evidence implicating Ca2+ signaling in viral translocation through the endolysosomal system, (ii) the roles of these ion channels in supporting cellular infection by different viruses, and (iii) areas for future research that will help define the potential of TPC and TRPML ligands as progressible antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
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Krogsaeter E, Rosato AS, Grimm C. TRPMLs and TPCs: targets for lysosomal storage and neurodegenerative disease therapy? Cell Calcium 2022; 103:102553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Spix B, Jeridi A, Ansari M, Yildirim AÖ, Schiller HB, Grimm C. Endolysosomal Cation Channels and Lung Disease. Cells 2022; 11:304. [PMID: 35053420 PMCID: PMC8773812 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endolysosomal cation channels are emerging as key players of endolysosomal function such as endolysosomal trafficking, fusion/fission, lysosomal pH regulation, autophagy, lysosomal exocytosis, and endocytosis. Diseases comprise lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, pigmentation defects, cancer, immune disorders, autophagy related diseases, infectious diseases and many more. Involvement in lung diseases has not been a focus of attention so far but recent developments in the field suggest critical functions in lung physiology and pathophysiology. Thus, loss of TRPML3 was discovered to exacerbate emphysema formation and cigarette smoke induced COPD due to dysregulated matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) levels in the extracellular matrix of the lung, a known risk factor for emphysema/COPD. While direct lung function measurements with the exception of TRPML3 are missing for other endolysosomal cation channels or channels expressed in lysosome related organelles (LRO) in the lung, links between those channels and important roles in lung physiology have been established such as the role of P2X4 in surfactant release from alveolar epithelial Type II cells. Other channels with demonstrated functions and disease relevance in the lung such as TRPM2, TRPV2, or TRPA1 may mediate their effects due to plasma membrane expression but evidence accumulates that these channels might also be expressed in endolysosomes, suggesting additional and/or dual roles of these channels in cell and intracellular membranes. We will discuss here the current knowledge on cation channels residing in endolysosomes or LROs with respect to their emerging roles in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Spix
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Aicha Jeridi
- Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; (A.J.); (M.A.); (A.Ö.Y.); (H.B.S.)
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; (A.J.); (M.A.); (A.Ö.Y.); (H.B.S.)
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; (A.J.); (M.A.); (A.Ö.Y.); (H.B.S.)
| | - Herbert B. Schiller
- Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; (A.J.); (M.A.); (A.Ö.Y.); (H.B.S.)
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany;
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Spix B, Butz ES, Chen CC, Rosato AS, Tang R, Jeridi A, Kudrina V, Plesch E, Wartenberg P, Arlt E, Briukhovetska D, Ansari M, Günsel GG, Conlon TM, Wyatt A, Wetzel S, Teupser D, Holdt LM, Ectors F, Boekhoff I, Boehm U, García-Añoveros J, Saftig P, Giera M, Kobold S, Schiller HB, Zierler S, Gudermann T, Wahl-Schott C, Bracher F, Yildirim AÖ, Biel M, Grimm C. Lung emphysema and impaired macrophage elastase clearance in mucolipin 3 deficient mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:318. [PMID: 35031603 PMCID: PMC8760276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two most common causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Excess macrophage elastase MMP-12, which is predominantly secreted from alveolar macrophages, is known to mediate the development of lung injury and emphysema. Here, we discovered the endolysosomal cation channel mucolipin 3 (TRPML3) as a regulator of MMP-12 reuptake from broncho-alveolar fluid, driving in two independently generated Trpml3-/- mouse models enlarged lung injury, which is further exacerbated after elastase or tobacco smoke treatment. Mechanistically, using a Trpml3IRES-Cre/eR26-τGFP reporter mouse model, transcriptomics, and endolysosomal patch-clamp experiments, we show that in the lung TRPML3 is almost exclusively expressed in alveolar macrophages, where its loss leads to defects in early endosomal trafficking and endocytosis of MMP-12. Our findings suggest that TRPML3 represents a key regulator of MMP-12 clearance by alveolar macrophages and may serve as therapeutic target for emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Spix
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth S Butz
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anna Scotto Rosato
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Tang
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aicha Jeridi
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Kudrina
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Plesch
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Experimental Pharmacology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Arlt
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daria Briukhovetska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Gizem Günes Günsel
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Conlon
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Experimental Pharmacology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Wetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabien Ectors
- FARAH Mammalian Transgenics Platform, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Boekhoff
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Experimental Pharmacology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jaime García-Añoveros
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Johannes-Keppler-University, Linz, Australia
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Santoni G, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Arcella A, Maggi F, Santoni M, Morelli MB. Functional In Vitro Assessment of VEGFA/NOTCH2 Signaling Pathway and pRB Proteasomal Degradation and the Clinical Relevance of Mucolipin TRPML2 Overexpression in Glioblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020688. [PMID: 35054871 PMCID: PMC8775570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma with an extremely poor prognosis. It is characterized by high vascularization and its growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. We have previously demonstrated that TRPML2 mucolipin channel expression increases with the glioma pathological grade. Herein by ddPCR and Western blot we found that the silencing of TRPML2 inhibits expression of the VEGFA/Notch2 angiogenic pathway. Moreover, the VEGFA/Notch2 expression increased in T98 and U251 cells stimulated with the TRPML2 agonist, ML2-SA1, or by enforced-TRPML2 levels. In addition, changes in TRPML2 expression or ML2-SA1-induced stimulation, affected Notch2 activation and VEGFA release. An increased invasion capability, associated with a reduced VEGF/VEGFR2 expression and increased vimentin and CD44 epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in siTRPML2, but not in enforced-TRPML2 or ML2-SA1-stimulated glioma cells, was demonstrated. Furthermore, an increased sensitivity to Doxorubicin cytotoxicity was demonstrated in siTRPML2, whereas ML2-SA1-treated GBM cells were more resistant. The role of proteasome in Cathepsin B-dependent and -independent pRB degradation in siTRPML2 compared with siGLO cells was studied. Finally, through Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found that high TRPML2 mRNA expression strongly correlates with short survival in GBM patients, supporting TRPML2 as a negative prognostic factor in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Arcella
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy;
| | - Federica Maggi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
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37
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Barbonari S, D'Amore A, Palombi F, De Cesaris P, Parrington J, Riccioli A, Filippini A. RELEVANCE OF LYSOSOMAL Ca2+ SIGNALLING MACHINERY IN CANCER. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Ion Channels and Pumps in Autophagy: A Reciprocal Relationship. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123537. [PMID: 34944044 PMCID: PMC8700256 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the process of cellular self-degradation, is intrinsically tied to the degradative function of the lysosome. Several diseases have been linked to lysosomal degradative defects, including rare lysosomal storage disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Ion channels and pumps play a major regulatory role in autophagy. Importantly, calcium signaling produced by TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily) has been shown to regulate autophagic progression through biogenesis of autophagic-lysosomal organelles, activation of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) and degradation of autophagic cargo. ER calcium channels such as IP3Rs supply calcium for the lysosome, and lysosomal function is severely disrupted in the absence of lysosomal calcium replenishment by the ER. TRPML1 function is also regulated by LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3) and mTORC1, two critical components of the autophagic network. Here we provide an overview of the current knowledge about ion channels and pumps-including lysosomal V-ATPase (vacuolar proton-ATPase), which is required for acidification and hence proper enzymatic activity of lysosomal hydrolases-in the regulation of autophagy, and discuss how functional impairment of some of these leads to diseases.
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39
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Song X, Li J, Tian M, Zhu H, Hu X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Ye H, McCormick PJ, Zeng B, Fu Y, Duan J, Zhang J. Cryo-EM structure of mouse TRPML2 in lipid nanodiscs. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101487. [PMID: 34915027 PMCID: PMC8808176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalians, transient receptor potential mucolipin ion channels (TRPMLs) exhibit variable permeability to cations such as Ca2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Na+, and can be activated by the phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P2 in the endolysosomal system. Loss or dysfunction of TRPMLs has been implicated in lysosomal storage disorders, infectious diseases, and metabolic diseases. TRPML2 has recently been identified as a mechanosensitive and hypotonicity-sensitive channel in endolysosomal organelles, which distinguishes it from TRPML1 and TRPML3. However, the molecular and gating mechanism of TRPML2 remains elusive. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the full-length mouse TRPML2 in lipid nanodiscs at 3.14 Å resolution. The TRPML2 homo-tetramer structure at pH 7.4 in the apo state reveals an inactive conformation and some unique features of the extracytosolic/luminal domain and voltage sensor-like domain that have implications for the ion-conducting pathway. This structure enables new comparisons between the different subgroups of TRPML channels with available structures and provides structural insights into the conservation and diversity of TRPML channels. These comparisons have broad implications for understanding a variety of molecular mechanisms of TRPMLs in different pH conditions, including with and without bound agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ganan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Miao Tian
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huaiyi Zhu
- Human Aging Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yanru Cao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Heyang Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ganan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Human Aging Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
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40
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Davis LC, Morgan AJ, Galione A. Acidic Ca 2+ stores and immune-cell function. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102516. [PMID: 34922066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acidic organelles act as intracellular Ca2+ stores; they actively sequester Ca2+ in their lumina and release it to the cytosol upon activation of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Recent data suggest important roles of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels, the Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) and the TRPML channels (mucolipins), in different aspects of immune-cell function, particularly impacting membrane trafficking, vesicle fusion/fission and secretion. Remarkably, different channels on the same acidic vesicles can couple to different downstream physiology. Endo-lysosomal Ca2+ stores can act under different modalities, be they acting alone (via local Ca2+ nanodomains around TPCs/TRPMLs) or in conjunction with the ER Ca2+ store (to either promote or suppress global ER Ca2+ release). These different modalities impinge upon functions as broad as phagocytosis, cell-killing, anaphylaxis, immune memory, thrombostasis, and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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Targeting lysosomes in human disease: from basic research to clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:379. [PMID: 34744168 PMCID: PMC8572923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis. Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have been correlated with the development of numerous diseases. In this review, we interpreted the key biological functions of lysosomes in four areas: cellular metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and cell death. More importantly, we actively sought to determine the characteristic changes and dysfunction of lysosomes in cells affected by these diseases, the causes of these changes and dysfunction, and their significance to the development and treatment of human disease. Furthermore, we outlined currently available targeting strategies: (1) targeting lysosomal acidification; (2) targeting lysosomal cathepsins; (3) targeting lysosomal membrane permeability and integrity; (4) targeting lysosomal calcium signaling; (5) targeting mTOR signaling; and (6) emerging potential targeting strategies. Moreover, we systematically summarized the corresponding drugs and their application in clinical trials. By integrating basic research with clinical findings, we discussed the current opportunities and challenges of targeting lysosomes in human disease.
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42
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Kriegler K, Leser C, Mayer P, Bracher F. Effective chiral pool synthesis of both enantiomers of the TRPML inhibitor trans-ML-SI3. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100362. [PMID: 34738656 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two independent chiral pool syntheses of both enantiomers of the TRPML inhibitor, trans-ML-SI3, were developed, starting from commercially available (1S,2R)- and (1R,2S)-configured cis-2-aminocyclohexanols. Both routes lead to the target compounds in excellent enantiomeric purity and good overall yields. For the most attractive (-)-trans-enantiomer, the R,R-configuration was identified by these unambiguous syntheses, and the results were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. These effective synthetic approaches further allow flexible variation of prominent residues in ML-SI3 for future in-depth analysis of structure-activity relationships as both the piperazine and the N-sulfonyl residues are introduced into the molecule at late stages of the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kriegler
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Leser
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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43
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Li Y, Schön C, Chen CC, Yang Z, Liegl R, Murenu E, Schworm B, Klugbauer N, Grimm C, Wahl-Schott C, Michalakis S, Biel M. TPC2 promotes choroidal angiogenesis and inflammation in a mouse model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202101047. [PMID: 34183443 PMCID: PMC8321671 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identifies the endolysosomal two-pore channel TPC2 as a potential novel drug target for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Inhibition of TPC2 reduces two key clinical hallmarks of the AMD, retinal inflammation and formation of leaky choroi. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness among the elderly and can be classified either as dry or as neovascular (or wet). Neovascular AMD is characterized by a strong immune response and the inadequate release of cytokines triggering angiogenesis and induction of photoreceptor death. The pathomechanisms of AMD are only partly understood. Here, we identify the endolysosomal two-pore cation channel TPC2 as a key factor of neovascularization and immune activation in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model of AMD. Block of TPC2 reduced retinal VEGFA and IL-1β levels and diminished neovascularization and immune activation. Mechanistically, TPC2 mediates cationic currents in endolysosomal organelles of immune cells and lack of TPC2 leads to reduced IL-1β levels in areas of choroidal neovascularization due to endolysosomal trapping. Taken together, our study identifies TPC2 as a promising novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christian Schön
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Elisa Murenu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schworm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Norbert Klugbauer
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Stylianos Michalakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany .,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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Maggi F, Morelli MB, Nabissi M, Marinelli O, Zeppa L, Aguzzi C, Santoni G, Amantini C. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Haematological Malignancies: An Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050765. [PMID: 34065398 PMCID: PMC8160608 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are improving their importance in different cancers, becoming suitable as promising candidates for precision medicine. Their important contribution in calcium trafficking inside and outside cells is coming to light from many papers published so far. Encouraging results on the correlation between TRP and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in cancer patients are available, and there are as many promising data from in vitro studies. For what concerns haematological malignancy, the role of TRPs is still not elucidated, and data regarding TRP channel expression have demonstrated great variability throughout blood cancer so far. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the most recent findings on TRP channels in leukaemia and lymphoma, demonstrating their important contribution in the perspective of personalised therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Zeppa
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.); (L.Z.); (C.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-0737403312
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Alharbi AF, Parrington J. Deciphering the Role of Endolysosomal Ca 2+ Channels in Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656965. [PMID: 33986747 PMCID: PMC8111081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of endolysosomal Ca2+ signalling in immunity has been a subject of increasing interest in recent years. Here, we discuss evolving knowledge relating to the contribution of endolysosomal Ca2+ channels that include TPCs, TRPMLs, and P2X4R in physiological processes related to innate and adaptive immunity-including phagocytosis, inflammation, cytokine/chemokine release, dendritic, natural killer, and T cell activation and migration-and we underscore the paucity of clinical studies in this field. Emerging biomedical and translational data have led to important new insights into the critical roles of these channels in immune cell function and the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The evolving immunological significance of endolysosomal Ca2+ signalling warrants further investigations to better characterize the roles of these channels in immunity in order to expand our knowledge about the pathology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and develop endolysosomal Ca2+ channels as viable biomarkers and therapeutic and preventive targets for remodelling the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Lysosomal calcium is emerging as a modulator of autophagy and lysosomal compartment, an obligatory partner to complete the autophagic pathway. A variety of specific signals such as nutrient deprivation or oxidative stress can trigger lysosomal calcium-mediated nuclear translocation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of global lysosomal function. Also, lysosomal calcium can promote the formation of autophagosome vesicles (AVs) by a mechanism that requires the production of the phosphoinositide PI3P by the VPS34 autophagic complex and the activation of the energy-sensing kinase AMPK. Additionally, lysosomal calcium plays a role in membrane fusion and fission events involved in cellular processes such as endocytic maturation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, lysosomal exocytosis, and lysosomal reformation upon autophagy completion. Lysosomal calcium-dependent functions are defective in cellular and animal models of the non-selective cation channel TRPML1, whose mutations in humans cause the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). Lysosomal calcium is not only acting as a positive regulator of autophagy, but it is also responsible for turning-off this process through the reactivation of the mTOR kinase during prolonged starvation. More recently, it has been described the role of lysosomal calcium on an elegant sequence of intracellular signaling events such as membrane repair, lysophagy, and lysosomal biogenesis upon the induction of different grades of lysosomal membrane damage. Here, we will discuss these novel findings that re-define the importance of the lysosome and lysosomal calcium signaling at regulating cellular metabolism.
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Morgan AJ, Davis LC, Galione A. Choreographing endo-lysosomal Ca 2+ throughout the life of a phagosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119040. [PMID: 33872669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of endo-lysosomes as ubiquitous Ca2+ stores with their unique cohort of channels has resulted in their being implicated in a growing number of processes in an ever-increasing number of cell types. The architectural and regulatory constraints of these acidic Ca2+ stores distinguishes them from other larger Ca2+ sources such as the ER and influx across the plasma membrane. In view of recent advances in the understanding of the modes of operation, we discuss phagocytosis as a template for how endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals (generated via TPC and TRPML channels) can be integrated in multiple sophisticated ways into biological processes. Phagocytosis illustrates how different endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals drive different phases of a process, and how these can be altered by disease or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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Estradiol analogs attenuate autophagy, cell migration and invasion by direct and selective inhibition of TRPML1, independent of estrogen receptors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8313. [PMID: 33859333 PMCID: PMC8050276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation channel TRPML1 is an important regulator of lysosomal function and autophagy. Loss of TRPML1 is associated with neurodegeneration and lysosomal storage disease, while temporary inhibition of this ion channel has been proposed to be beneficial in cancer therapy. Currently available TRPML1 channel inhibitors are not TRPML isoform selective and block at least two of the three human isoforms. We have now identified the first highly potent and isoform-selective TRPML1 antagonist, the steroid 17β-estradiol methyl ether (EDME). Two analogs of EDME, PRU-10 and PRU-12, characterized by their reduced activity at the estrogen receptor, have been identified through systematic chemical modification of the lead structure. EDME and its analogs, besides being promising new small molecule tool compounds for the investigation of TRPML1, selectively affect key features of TRPML1 function: autophagy induction and transcription factor EB (TFEB) translocation. In addition, they act as inhibitors of triple-negative breast cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Goretzki B, Guhl C, Tebbe F, Harder JM, Hellmich UA. Unstructural Biology of TRP Ion Channels: The Role of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Channel Function and Regulation. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166931. [PMID: 33741410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first genuine high-resolution single particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of a membrane protein determined was a transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel, TRPV1, in 2013. This methodical breakthrough opened up a whole new world for structural biology and ion channel aficionados alike. TRP channels capture the imagination due to the sheer endless number of tasks they carry out in all aspects of animal physiology. To date, structures of at least one representative member of each of the six mammalian TRP channel subfamilies as well as of a few non-mammalian families have been determined. These structures were instrumental for a better understanding of TRP channel function and regulation. However, all of the TRP channel structures solved so far are incomplete since they miss important information about highly flexible regions found mostly in the channel N- and C-termini. These intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can represent between a quarter to almost half of the entire protein sequence and act as important recruitment hubs for lipids and regulatory proteins. Here, we analyze the currently available TRP channel structures with regard to the extent of these "missing" regions and compare these findings to disorder predictions. We discuss select examples of intra- and intermolecular crosstalk of TRP channel IDRs with proteins and lipids as well as the effect of splicing and post-translational modifications, to illuminate their importance for channel function and to complement the prevalently discussed structural biology of these versatile and fascinating proteins with their equally relevant 'unstructural' biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Goretzki
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Guhl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederike Tebbe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Martin Harder
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Lysosomal Calcium Channels in Autophagy and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061299. [PMID: 33803964 PMCID: PMC8001254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is a cellular self-eating process that uses lysosome, the waste disposal system of the cell, to degrade and recycle intracellular materials to maintain cellular homeostasis. Defects in autophagy are linked to a variety of pathological states, including cancer. Calcium is an important cellular messenger that regulates the survival of all animal cells. Alterations to calcium homoeostasis are associated with cancer. While it has long been considered as cellular recycling center, the lysosome is now widely known as an intracellular calcium store that regulates autophagy and cancer progression by releasing calcium via some ion channels residing in the lysosomal membrane. In this review, we summarize existing mechanisms of autophagy regulation by lysosomal calcium channels and their implications in cancer development. We hope to guide readers toward a more in-depth understanding of the importance of lysosomal calcium channels in cancer, and potentially facilitate the development of new therapeutics for some cancers. Abstract Ca2+ is pivotal intracellular messenger that coordinates multiple cell functions such as fertilization, growth, differentiation, and viability. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is regulated by both extracellular Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Apart from working as the cellular recycling center, the lysosome has been increasingly recognized as a significant intracellular Ca2+ store that provides Ca2+ to regulate many cellular processes. The lysosome also talks to other organelles by releasing and taking up Ca2+. In lysosomal Ca2+-dependent processes, autophagy is particularly important, because it has been implicated in many human diseases including cancer. This review will discuss the major components of lysosomal Ca2+ stores and their roles in autophagy and human cancer progression.
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