1
|
Li Z, Wu Q, Yan N. A structural atlas of druggable sites on Na v channels. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2287832. [PMID: 38033122 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2287832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels govern membrane excitability by initiating and propagating action potentials. Consistent with their physiological significance, dysfunction, or mutations in these channels are associated with various channelopathies. Nav channels are thereby major targets for various clinical and investigational drugs. In addition, a large number of natural toxins, both small molecules and peptides, can bind to Nav channels and modulate their functions. Technological breakthrough in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has enabled the determination of high-resolution structures of eukaryotic and eventually human Nav channels, alone or in complex with auxiliary subunits, toxins, and drugs. These studies have not only advanced our comprehension of channel architecture and working mechanisms but also afforded unprecedented clarity to the molecular basis for the binding and mechanism of action (MOA) of prototypical drugs and toxins. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent advances in structural pharmacology of Nav channels, encompassing the structural map for ligand binding on Nav channels. These findings have established a vital groundwork for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqiang Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiurong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carelli S, Rey F, Maghraby E, Cereda C. Insights on ZEB1-AS1: emerging roles from cancer to neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1187-1188. [PMID: 37905857 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Carelli S, Rey F, Maghraby E)
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy (Carelli S, Rey F, Cereda C)
| | - Federica Rey
- Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Carelli S, Rey F, Maghraby E)
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy (Carelli S, Rey F, Cereda C)
| | - Erika Maghraby
- Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Carelli S, Rey F, Maghraby E)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Maghraby E)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Carelli S, Rey F, Maghraby E)
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy (Carelli S, Rey F, Cereda C)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Knight HM, Demirbugen Öz M, PerezGrovas-Saltijeral A. Dysregulation of RNA modification systems in clinical populations with neurocognitive disorders. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1256-1261. [PMID: 37905873 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The study of modified RNA known as epitranscriptomics has become increasingly relevant in our understanding of disease-modifying mechanisms. Methylation of N6 adenosine (m6A) and C5 cytosine (m5C) bases occur on mRNAs, tRNA, mt-tRNA, and rRNA species as well as non-coding RNAs. With emerging knowledge of RNA binding proteins that act as writer, reader, and eraser effector proteins, comes a new understanding of physiological processes controlled by these systems. Such processes when spatiotemporally disrupted within cellular nanodomains in highly specialized tissues such as the brain, give rise to different forms of disease. In this review, we discuss accumulating evidence that changes in the m6A and m5C methylation systems contribute to neurocognitive disorders. Early studies first identified mutations within FMR1 to cause intellectual disability Fragile X syndromes several years before FMR1 was identified as an m6A RNA reader protein. Subsequently, familial mutations within the m6A writer gene METTL5, m5C writer genes NSUN2, NSUN3, NSUN5, and NSUN6, as well as THOC2 and THOC6 that form a protein complex with the m5C reader protein ALYREF, were recognized to cause intellectual development disorders. Similarly, differences in expression of the m5C writer and reader effector proteins, NSUN6, NSUN7, and ALYREF in brain tissue are indicated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease, individuals with a high neuropathological load or have suffered traumatic brain injury. Likewise, an abundance of m6A reader and anti-reader proteins are reported to change across brain regions in Lewy bodies diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and individuals with high cognitive reserve. m6A-modified RNAs are also reported significantly more abundant in dementia with Lewy bodies brain tissue but significantly reduced in Parkinson's disease tissue, whilst modified RNAs are misplaced within diseased cells, particularly where synapses are located. In parahippocampal brain tissue, m6A modification is enriched in transcripts associated with psychiatric disorders including conditions with clear cognitive deficits. These findings indicate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms are influenced by RNA methylation systems that can cause neuronal and synaptic dysfunction underlying neurocognitive disorders. Targeting these RNA modification systems brings new prospects for neural regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Knight
- Division of Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Merve Demirbugen Öz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia Q, Li J, Guo X, Li Y, Wu Y, Peng Y, Fang Z, Zhang X. Neuroprotective effects of chaperone-mediated autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1291-1298. [PMID: 37905878 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chaperone-mediated autophagy is one of three types of autophagy and is characterized by the selective degradation of proteins. Chaperone-mediated autophagy contributes to energy balance and helps maintain cellular homeostasis, while providing nutrients and support for cell survival. Chaperone-mediated autophagy activity can be detected in almost all cells, including neurons. Owing to the extreme sensitivity of neurons to their environmental changes, maintaining neuronal homeostasis is critical for neuronal growth and survival. Chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction is closely related to central nervous system diseases. It has been shown that neuronal damage and cell death are accompanied by chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction. Under certain conditions, regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy activity attenuates neurotoxicity. In this paper, we review the changes in chaperone-mediated autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, brain injury, glioma, and autoimmune diseases. We also summarize the most recent research progress on chaperone-mediated autophagy regulation and discuss the potential of chaperone-mediated autophagy as a therapeutic target for central nervous system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiong W, Lu L, Li J. Long non-coding RNAs with essential roles in neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1212-1220. [PMID: 37905867 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recently, with the advent of high-resolution and high-throughput sequencing technologies, an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be involved in the regulation of neuronal function in the central nervous system with specific spatiotemporal patterns, across different neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs during neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biology of lncRNAs and focuses on introducing the latest identified roles, regulatory mechanisms, and research status of lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses the potential values of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases, hoping to provide broader implications for developing effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Romano R, Bucci C. Antisense therapy: a potential breakthrough in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1027-1035. [PMID: 37862205 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons in the central or peripheral nervous system. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases and this means a heavy burden for patients and the health system worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to find new therapeutic approaches, and antisense therapies offer this possibility, having the great advantage of not modifying cellular genome and potentially being safer. Many preclinical and clinical studies aim to test the safety and effectiveness of antisense therapies in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the development of these new technologies to treat the most common neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on those antisense therapies that have already received the approval of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu C, Wang G, Han W, Tian Q, Li M. Ferroptosis: a potential therapeutic target for stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:988-997. [PMID: 37862200 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by massive iron accumulation and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, differing from apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy in several aspects. Ferroptosis is regarded as a critical mechanism of a series of pathophysiological reactions after stroke because of iron overload caused by hemoglobin degradation and iron metabolism imbalance. In this review, we discuss ferroptosis-related metabolisms, important molecules directly or indirectly targeting iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, and transcriptional regulation of ferroptosis, revealing the role of ferroptosis in the progression of stroke. We present updated progress in the intervention of ferroptosis as therapeutic strategies for stroke in vivo and in vitro and summarize the effects of ferroptosis inhibitors on stroke. Our review facilitates further understanding of ferroptosis pathogenesis in stroke, proposes new targets for the treatment of stroke, and suggests that more efforts should be made to investigate the mechanism of ferroptosis in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenrui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu Y, Chen W, Wei C, Jiang S, Li S, Wang X, Xu R. Pathological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1036-1044. [PMID: 37862206 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis refers to a neurodegenerative disease involving the motor system, the cause of which remains unexplained despite several years of research. Thus, the journey to understanding or treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is still a long one. According to current research, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely not due to a single factor but rather to a combination of mechanisms mediated by complex interactions between molecular and genetic pathways. The progression of the disease involves multiple cellular processes and the interaction between different complex mechanisms makes it difficult to identify the causative factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we review the most common amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated pathogenic genes and the pathways involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as summarize currently proposed potential mechanisms responsible for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease and their evidence for involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, we discuss current emerging strategies for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Studying the emergence of these new therapies may help to further our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University; Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University; Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Caihui Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University; Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shishi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University; Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University; Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University; Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University; Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College; The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Huang P, Cao M, Chen Y, Zhao X, He X, Xu L. ATAT1 deficiency enhances microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis and hematoma absorption following intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1072-1077. [PMID: 37862210 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MIcroglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis plays a crucial role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage. Dynamic cytoskeletal changes accompany phagocytosis. However, whether and how these changes are associated with microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of acetylated α-tubulin, a stabilized microtubule form, in microglia/macrophage erythrophagocytosis after intracerebral hemorrhage both in vitro and in vivo. We first assessed the function of acetylated α-tubulin in erythrophagocytosis using primary DiO GFP-labeled red blood cells co-cultured with the BV2 microglia or RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines. Acetylated α-tubulin expression was significantly decreased in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells during erythrophagocytosis. Moreover, silencing α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1), a newly discovered α-tubulin acetyltransferase, decreased Ac-α-tub levels and enhanced the erythrophagocytosis by BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with these findings, in ATAT1-/- mice, we observed increased ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and Perls-positive microglia/macrophage phagocytes of red blood cells in peri-hematoma and reduced hematoma volume in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, knocking out ATAT1 alleviated neuronal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines around the hematoma, ultimately improving neurological recovery of mice after intracerebral hemorrhage. These findings suggest that ATAT1 deficiency accelerates erythrophagocytosis by microglia/macrophages and hematoma absorption after intracerebral hemorrhage. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of hematoma clearance and suggest ATAT1 as a potential target for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuzhi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang K, Yan Y, Yu A, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wu S, Li F. Mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:998-1005. [PMID: 37862201 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical cellular energy resources and are central to the life of the neuron. Mitophagy selectively clears damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagic machinery to maintain mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Mature neurons are postmitotic and consume substantial energy, thus require highly efficient mitophagy pathways to turn over damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Recent evidence indicates that mitophagy is pivotal to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. However, more work is needed to study mitophagy pathway components as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of nonselective autophagy and selective autophagy, including ERphagy, aggrephagy, and mitophagy. We then introduce the mechanisms of Parkin-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways under physiological conditions. Next, we summarize the diverse repertoire of mitochondrial membrane receptors and phospholipids that mediate mitophagy. Importantly, we review the critical role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Last, we discuss recent studies considering mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our review may provide novel views to better understand the roles of mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Anni Yu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuefang Zhang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Kunming Yenan Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lian J, Liu W, Hu Q, Zhang X. Succinylation modification: a potential therapeutic target in stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:781-787. [PMID: 37843212 PMCID: PMC10664134 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Ischemic cell death triggered by the compromised supply of blood oxygen and glucose is one of the major pathophysiology of stroke-induced brain injury. Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is observed minutes after stroke and is closely associated with the progression of neuropathology. Recently, a new type of post-translational modification, known as lysine succinylation, has been recognized to play a significant role in mitochondrial energy metabolism after ischemia. However, the role of succinylation modification in cell metabolism after stroke and its regulation are not well understood. We aimed to review the effects of succinylation on energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species generation, and neuroinflammation, as well as Sirtuin 5 mediated desuccinylation after stroke. We also highlight the potential of targeting succinylation/desuccinylation as a promising strategy for the treatment of stroke. The succinylation level is dynamically regulated by the nonenzymatic or enzymatic transfer of a succinyl group to a protein on lysine residues and the removal of succinyl catalyzed by desuccinylases. Mounting evidence has suggested that succinylation can regulate the metabolic pathway through modulating the activity or stability of metabolic enzymes. Sirtuins, especially Sirtuin 5, are characterized for their desuccinylation activity and have been recognized as a critical regulator of metabolism through desuccinylating numerous metabolic enzymes. Imbalance between succinylation and desuccinylation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke. Pharmacological agents that enhance the activity of Sirtuin 5 have been employed to promote desuccinylation and improve mitochondrial metabolism, and neuroprotective effects of these agents have been observed in experimental stroke studies. However, their therapeutic efficacy in stroke patients should be validated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao M, Dong Q, Yang Z, Zou D, Han Y, Chen Z, Xu R. Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells in a mouse model of closed head injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:872-880. [PMID: 37843223 PMCID: PMC10664125 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a potential treatment for neural regeneration following closed head injury. We previously reported that induced neural stem cells exert beneficial effects on neural regeneration via cell replacement. However, the neural regeneration efficiency of induced neural stem cells remains limited. In this study, we explored differentially expressed genes and long non-coding RNAs to clarify the mechanism underlying the neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells. We found that H19 was the most downregulated neurogenesis-associated lncRNA in induced neural stem cells compared with induced pluripotent stem cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that H19 levels in induced neural stem cells were markedly lower than those in induced pluripotent stem cells and were substantially higher than those in induced neural stem cell-derived neurons. We predicted the target genes of H19 and discovered that H19 directly interacts with miR-325-3p, which directly interacts with Ctbp2 in induced pluripotent stem cells and induced neural stem cells. Silencing H19 or Ctbp2 impaired induced neural stem cell proliferation, and miR-325-3p suppression restored the effect of H19 inhibition but not the effect of Ctbp2 inhibition. Furthermore, H19 silencing substantially promoted the neural differentiation of induced neural stem cells and did not induce apoptosis of induced neural stem cells. Notably, silencing H19 in induced neural stem cell grafts markedly accelerated the neurological recovery of closed head injury mice. Our results reveal that H19 regulates the neurogenesis of induced neural stem cells. H19 inhibition may promote the neural differentiation of induced neural stem cells, which is closely associated with neurological recovery following closed head injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mou Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Zhongsai Stem Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Qin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Zhongsai Stem Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Dan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yajuan Han
- Zhongsai Stem Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhanfeng Chen
- Zhongsai Stem Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Da Costa RT, Solesio ME. Could mammalian inorganic polyphosphate be a crucial signaling molecule in neurological disorders? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:701-702. [PMID: 37843192 PMCID: PMC10664113 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
|
14
|
Qi H, Tian D, Luan F, Yang R, Zeng N. Pathophysiological changes of muscle after ischemic stroke: a secondary consequence of stroke injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:737-746. [PMID: 37843207 PMCID: PMC10664100 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient clinical evidence suggests that the damage caused by ischemic stroke to the body occurs not only in the acute phase but also during the recovery period, and that the latter has a greater impact on the long-term prognosis of the patient. However, current stroke studies have typically focused only on lesions in the central nervous system, ignoring secondary damage caused by this disease. Such a phenomenon arises from the slow progress of pathophysiological studies examining the central nervous system. Further, the appropriate therapeutic time window and benefits of thrombolytic therapy are still controversial, leading scholars to explore more pragmatic intervention strategies. As treatment measures targeting limb symptoms can greatly improve a patient's quality of life, they have become a critical intervention strategy. As the most vital component of the limbs, skeletal muscles have become potential points of concern. Despite this, to the best of our knowledge, there are no comprehensive reviews of pathophysiological changes and potential treatments for post-stroke skeletal muscle. The current review seeks to fill a gap in the current understanding of the pathological processes and mechanisms of muscle wasting atrophy, inflammation, neuroregeneration, mitochondrial changes, and nutritional dysregulation in stroke survivors. In addition, the challenges, as well as the optional solutions for individualized rehabilitation programs for stroke patients based on motor function are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruocong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagayach A, Wang C. Autophagy in neural stem cells and glia for brain health and diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:729-736. [PMID: 37843206 PMCID: PMC10664120 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a multifaceted cellular process that not only maintains the homeostatic and adaptive responses of the brain but is also dynamically involved in the regulation of neural cell generation, maturation, and survival. Autophagy facilities the utilization of energy and the microenvironment for developing neural stem cells. Autophagy arbitrates structural and functional remodeling during the cell differentiation process. Autophagy also plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of stemness and homeostasis in neural stem cells during essential brain physiology and also in the instigation and progression of diseases. Only recently, studies have begun to shed light on autophagy regulation in glia (microglia, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte) in the brain. Glial cells have attained relatively less consideration despite their unquestioned influence on various aspects of neural development, synaptic function, brain metabolism, cellular debris clearing, and restoration of damaged or injured tissues. Thus, this review composes pertinent information regarding the involvement of autophagy in neural stem cells and glial regulation and the role of this connexion in normal brain functions, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will provide insight into establishing a concrete strategic approach for investigating pathological mechanisms and developing therapies for brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
You W, Li Y, Liu K, Mi X, Li Y, Guo X, Li Z. Latest assessment methods for mitochondrial homeostasis in cognitive diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:754-768. [PMID: 37843209 PMCID: PMC10664105 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in neural function, such as supporting normal energy metabolism, regulating reactive oxygen species, buffering physiological calcium loads, and maintaining the balance of morphology, subcellular distribution, and overall health through mitochondrial dynamics. Given the recent technological advances in the assessment of mitochondrial structure and functions, mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as the early and key pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This review will focus on the recent advances in mitochondrial medicine and research methodology in the field of cognitive sciences, from the perspectives of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics (including fission-fusion, transport, and mitophagy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang B, Wan H, Maierwufu M, Liu Q, Li T, He Y, Wang X, Liu G, Hong X, Feng Q. STAT3 ameliorates truncated tau-induced cognitive deficits. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:915-922. [PMID: 37843229 PMCID: PMC10664106 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of tau by asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) creates tau-N368 fragments, which may drive the pathophysiology associated with synaptic dysfunction and memory deterioration in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms of truncated tau-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear. Evidence suggests that signal transduction and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) is associated with modulating synaptic plasticity, cell apoptosis, and cognitive function. Using luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, western blotting, and immunofluorescence, we found that human tau-N368 accumulation inhibited STAT3 activity by suppressing STAT3 translocation into the nucleus. Overexpression of STAT3 improved tau-N368-induced synaptic deficits and reduced neuronal loss, thereby improving the cognitive deficits in tau-N368 mice. Moreover, in tau-N368 mice, activation of STAT3 increased N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor levels, decreased Bcl-2 levels, reversed synaptic damage and neuronal loss, and thereby alleviated cognitive deficits caused by tau-N368. Taken together, STAT3 plays a critical role in truncated tau-related neuropathological changes. This indicates a new mechanism behind the effect of tau-N368 on synapses and memory deficits. STAT3 can be used as a new molecular target to treat tau-N368-induced protein pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huali Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial, People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Maimaitijiang Maierwufu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ye He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fakim H, Vande Velde C. The implications of physiological biomolecular condensates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:176-189. [PMID: 37268555 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an emphasis on the role of phase-separated biomolecular condensates, especially stress granules, in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This is largely due to several ALS-associated mutations occurring in genes involved in stress granule assembly and observations that pathological inclusions detected in ALS patient neurons contain stress granule proteins, including the ALS-linked proteins TDP-43 and FUS. However, protein components of stress granules are also found in numerous other phase-separated biomolecular condensates under physiological conditions which are inadequately discussed in the context of ALS. In this review, we look beyond stress granules and describe the roles of TDP-43 and FUS in physiological condensates occurring in the nucleus and neurites, such as the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, paraspeckles and neuronal RNA transport granules. We also discuss the consequences of ALS-linked mutations in TDP-43 and FUS on their ability to phase separate into these stress-independent biomolecular condensates and perform their respective functions. Importantly, biomolecular condensates sequester multiple overlapping protein and RNA components, and their dysregulation could contribute to the observed pleiotropic effects of both sporadic and familial ALS on RNA metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Fakim
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, and CHUM Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, and CHUM Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Popgeorgiev N, Gil C, Berthenet K, Bertolin G, Ichim G. Shedding light on mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization and membrane potential: State of the art methods and biosensors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:58-65. [PMID: 37438211 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane structural integrity is essential for optimal mitochondrial function. These organelles produce the energy needed for all vital processes, provided their outer and inner membranes are intact. This prevents the release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors into the cytosol and ensures intact mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) to sustain ATP production. Cell death by apoptosis is generally triggered by outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MOMP), tightly coupled with loss of ΔΨ m. As these two processes are essential for both mitochondrial function and cell death, researchers have devised various techniques to assess them. Here, we discuss current methods and biosensors available for detecting MOMP and measuring ΔΨ m, focusing on their advantages and limitations and discuss what new imaging tools are needed to improve our knowledge of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Cancer Cell Death laboratory, part of LabEX DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, CRCL, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon I, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Clara Gil
- Cancer Cell Death laboratory, part of LabEX DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, CRCL, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon I, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN Lyon, France
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Cell Death laboratory, part of LabEX DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, CRCL, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon I, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN Lyon, France
| | - Giulia Bertolin
- CNRS, Univ Rennes, IGDR (Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes), Rennes, France.
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Cell Death laboratory, part of LabEX DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, CRCL, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon I, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Campbell D, Zuryn S. The mechanisms and roles of mitochondrial dynamics in C. elegans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:266-275. [PMID: 37919144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
If mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, then mitochondrial dynamics are the power grid that regulates how that energy output is directed and maintained in response to unique physiological demands. Fission and fusion dynamics are highly regulated processes that fine-tune the mitochondrial networks of cells to enable appropriate responses to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, thereby maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis. These dynamics shape many aspects of an organism's healthspan including development, longevity, stress resistance, immunity, and response to disease. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the mechanisms and roles of mitochondrial dynamics by focussing on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Whole live-animal studies in C. elegans have enabled a true organismal-level understanding of the impact that mitochondrial dynamics play in homeostasis over a lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Campbell
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Steven Zuryn
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McDonald PC, Dedhar S. Persister cell plasticity in tumour drug resistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:1-10. [PMID: 37977107 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of therapeutic resistance remains a formidable barrier to durable responses by cancer patients and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. It is increasingly recognized that non-genetic mechanisms of acquired resistance are important in many cancers. These mechanisms of resistance rely on inherent cellular plasticity where cancer cells can switch between multiple phenotypic states without genetic alterations, providing a dynamic, reversible resistance landscape. Such mechanisms underlie the generation of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells, a subpopulation of tumour cells that contributes to heterogeneity within tumours and that supports therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major features of DTP cells, focusing on phenotypic and metabolic plasticity as two key drivers of tolerance and persistence. We discuss the link between DTP cell plasticity and the potential vulnerability of these cells to ferroptosis. We also discuss the relationship between DTP cells and cells that survive the induction of apoptosis, a process termed anastasis, and discuss the properties of such cells in the context of increased metastatic potential and sensitivity to cell death mechanisms such as ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu S, Yang TJ, Xu S, Gong YN. Plasma membrane repair empowers the necrotic survivors as innate immune modulators. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:93-106. [PMID: 37648621 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is crucial to the survival of animal cells, and damage to it can be lethal, often resulting in necrosis. However, cells possess multiple mechanisms for repairing the membrane, which allows them to maintain their integrity to some extent, and sometimes even survive. Interestingly, cells that survive a near-necrosis experience can recognize sub-lethal membrane damage and use it as a signal to secrete chemokines and cytokines, which activate the immune response. This review will present evidence of necrotic cell survival in both in vitro and in vivo systems, including in C. elegans, mouse models, and humans. We will also summarize the various membrane repair mechanisms cells use to maintain membrane integrity. Finally, we will propose a mathematical model to illustrate how near-death experiences can transform dying cells into innate immune modulators for their microenvironment. By utilizing their membrane repair activity, the biological effects of cell death can extend beyond the mere elimination of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Tyler J Yang
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117, USA
| | - Suhong Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Gong
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kearly A, Nelson ADL, Skirycz A, Chodasiewicz M. Composition and function of stress granules and P-bodies in plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:167-175. [PMID: 36464613 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Stress Granules (SGs) and Processing-bodies (P-bodies) are biomolecular condensates formed in the cell with the highly conserved purpose of maintaining balance between storage, translation, and degradation of mRNA. This balance is particularly important when cells are exposed to different environmental conditions and adjustments have to be made in order for plants to respond to and tolerate stressful conditions. While P-bodies are constitutively present in the cell, SG formation is a stress-induced event. Typically thought of as protein-RNA aggregates, SGs and P-bodies are formed by a process called liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and both their function and composition are very dynamic. Both foci are known to contain proteins involved in translation, protein folding, and ATPase activity, alluding to their roles in regulating mRNA and protein expression levels. From an RNA perspective, SGs and P-bodies primarily consist of mRNAs, though long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been observed, and more focus is now being placed on the specific RNAs associated with these aggregates. Recently, metabolites such as nucleotides and amino acids have been reported in purified plant SGs with implications for the energetic dynamics of these condensates. Thus, even though the field of plant SGs and P-bodies is relatively nascent, significant progress has been made in understanding their composition and biological role in stress responses. In this review, we discuss the most recent discoveries centered around SG and P-body function and composition in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Kearly
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Monika Chodasiewicz
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nicchitta CV. An emerging role for the endoplasmic reticulum in stress granule biogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:160-166. [PMID: 36202692 PMCID: PMC10208384 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs), structurally dynamic, optically resolvable, macromolecular assemblies of mRNAs, RNA binding proteins (RBPs), translation factors, ribosomal subunits, as well as other interacting proteins, assemble in response to cell stress conditions that elicit phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and consequently, the inactivation of translation initiation. SG biology is conserved throughout eukaryotes and has recently been linked to the pathological sequelae of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer biology, and viral infection. Substantial insights into mechanisms of SG biogenesis, and more broadly the phenomenon of biological liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), have been aided by detailed proteomic and transcriptomic studies as well as in vitro reconstitution approaches. A particularly interesting and largely unexplored element of SG biology is the cell biological context of SG biogenesis, including its subcellular organization and more recently, evidence that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane may serve important functions in RNA granule biology generally and SG biogenesis specifically. A central role for the ER in SG biogenesis is discussed and a hypothesis linking SG formation on the ER to the trafficking, localization and de novo translation of newly exported mRNAs is presented.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cao Y, Li R, Bai L. Vagal sensory pathway for the gut-brain communication. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:228-243. [PMID: 37558522 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The communication between the gut and brain is crucial for regulating various essential physiological functions, such as energy balance, fluid homeostasis, immune response, and emotion. The vagal sensory pathway plays an indispensable role in connecting the gut to the brain. Recently, our knowledge of the vagal gut-brain axis has significantly advanced through molecular genetic studies, revealing a diverse range of vagal sensory cell types with distinct peripheral innervations, response profiles, and physiological functions. Here, we review the current understanding of how vagal sensory neurons contribute to gut-brain communication. First, we highlight recent transcriptomic and genetic approaches that have characterized different vagal sensory cell types. Then, we focus on discussing how different subtypes encode numerous gut-derived signals and how their activities are translated into physiological and behavioral regulations. The emerging insights into the diverse cell types and functional properties of vagal sensory neurons have paved the way for exciting future directions, which may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for disorders involving gut-brain communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rui Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shkarina K, Broz P. Selective induction of programmed cell death using synthetic biology tools. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:74-92. [PMID: 37598045 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) controls the removal of dispensable, infected or malignant cells, and is thus essential for development, homeostasis and immunity of multicellular organisms. Over the last years different forms of RCD have been described (among them apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis), and the cellular signaling pathways that control their induction and execution have been characterized at the molecular level. It has also become apparent that different forms of RCD differ in their capacity to elicit inflammation or an immune response, and that RCD pathways show a remarkable plasticity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that inhibition of a given pathway often results in the activation of back-up cell death mechanisms, highlighting close interconnectivity based on shared signaling components and the assembly of multivalent signaling platforms that can initiate different forms of RCD. Due to this interconnectivity and the pleiotropic effects of 'classical' cell death inducers, it is challenging to study RCD pathways in isolation. This has led to the development of tools based on synthetic biology that allow the targeted induction of RCD using chemogenetic or optogenetic methods. Here we discuss recent advances in the development of such toolset, highlighting their advantages and limitations, and their application for the study of RCD in cells and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Shkarina
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Graham E, Esashi F. DNA strand breaks at centromeres: Friend or foe? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:141-151. [PMID: 37872040 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Centromeres are large structural regions in the genomic DNA, which are essential for accurately transmitting a complete set of chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division. In humans, centromeres consist of highly repetitive α-satellite DNA sequences and unique epigenetic components, forming large proteinaceous structures required for chromosome segregation. Despite their biological importance, there is a growing body of evidence for centromere breakage across the cell cycle, including periods of quiescence. In this review, we provide an up-to-date examination of the distinct centromere environments at different stages of the cell cycle, highlighting their plausible contribution to centromere breakage. Additionally, we explore the implications of these breaks on centromere function, both in terms of negative consequences and potential positive effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Graham
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fumiko Esashi
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nano M, Montell DJ. Apoptotic signaling: Beyond cell death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:22-34. [PMID: 37988794 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best described form of regulated cell death, and was, until relatively recently, considered irreversible once particular biochemical points-of-no-return were activated. In this manuscript, we examine the mechanisms cells use to escape from a self-amplifying death signaling module. We discuss the role of feedback, dynamics, propagation, and noise in apoptotic signaling. We conclude with a revised model for the role of apoptosis in animal development, homeostasis, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Nano
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Di Tommaso E, Giunta S. Dynamic interplay between human alpha-satellite DNA structure and centromere functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:130-140. [PMID: 37926668 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability relies on functional centromeres for correct chromosome segregation and faithful inheritance of the genetic information. The human centromere is the primary constriction within mitotic chromosomes made up of repetitive alpha-satellite DNA hierarchically organized in megabase-long arrays of near-identical higher order repeats (HORs). Centromeres are epigenetically specified by the presence of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENP-A, which enables the assembly of the kinetochore for microtubule attachment. Notably, centromeric DNA is faithfully inherited as intact haplotypes from the parents to the offspring without intervening recombination, yet, outside of meiosis, centromeres are akin to common fragile sites (CFSs), manifesting crossing-overs and ongoing sequence instability. Consequences of DNA changes within the centromere are just starting to emerge, with unclear effects on intra- and inter-generational inheritance driven by centromere's essential role in kinetochore assembly. Here, we review evidence of meiotic selection operating to mitigate centromere drive, as well as recent reports on centromere damage, recombination and repair during the mitotic cell division. We propose an antagonistic pleiotropy interpretation to reconcile centromere DNA instability as both driver of aneuploidy that underlies degenerative diseases, while also potentially necessary for the maintenance of homogenized HORs for centromere function. We attempt to provide a framework for this conceptual leap taking into consideration the structural interface of centromere-kinetochore interaction and present case scenarios for its malfunctioning. Finally, we offer an integrated working model to connect DNA instability, chromatin, and structural changes with functional consequences on chromosome integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Tommaso
- Laboratory of Genome Evolution, Department of Biology & Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Simona Giunta
- Laboratory of Genome Evolution, Department of Biology & Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pan H, Liu P, Zhao L, Pan Y, Mao M, Kroemer G, Kepp O. Immunogenic cell stress and death in the treatment of cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:11-21. [PMID: 37977108 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The successful treatment of oncological malignancies which results in long-term disease control or the complete eradication of cancerous cells necessitates the onset of adaptive immune responses targeting tumor-specific antigens. Such desirable anticancer immunity can be triggered via the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells, thus converting malignant cells into an in situ vaccine that elicits T cell mediated adaptive immune responses and establishes durable immunological memory. The exploration of ICD for cancer treatment has been subject to extensive research. However, functional heterogeneity among ICD activating therapies in many cases requires specific co-medications to achieve full-blown efficacy. Here, we described the hallmarks of ICD and classify ICD activators into three distinct functional categories namely, according to their mode of action: (i) ICD inducers, which increase the immunogenicity of malignant cells, (ii) ICD sensitizers, which prime cellular circuitries for ICD induction by conventional cytotoxic agents, and (iii) ICD enhancers, which improve the perception of ICD signals by antigen presenting dendritic cells. Altogether, ICD induction, sensitization and enhancement offer the possibility to convert well-established conventional anticancer therapies into immunotherapeutic approaches that activate T cell-mediated anticancer immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Misha Mao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France; Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cumming T, Levayer R. Toward a predictive understanding of epithelial cell death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:44-57. [PMID: 37400292 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cell death is highly prevalent during development and tissue homeostasis. While we have a rather good understanding of the molecular regulators of programmed cell death, especially for apoptosis, we still fail to predict when, where, how many and which specific cells will die in a tissue. This likely relies on the much more complex picture of apoptosis regulation in a tissular and epithelial context, which entails cell autonomous but also non-cell autonomous factors, diverse feedback and multiple layers of regulation of the commitment to apoptosis. In this review, we illustrate this complexity of epithelial apoptosis regulation by describing these different layers of control, all demonstrating that local cell death probability is a complex emerging feature. We first focus on non-cell autonomous factors that can locally modulate the rate of cell death, including cell competition, mechanical input and geometry as well as systemic effects. We then describe the multiple feedback mechanisms generated by cell death itself. We also outline the multiple layers of regulation of epithelial cell death, including the coordination of extrusion and regulation occurring downstream of effector caspases. Eventually, we propose a roadmap to reach a more predictive understanding of cell death regulation in an epithelial context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cumming
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun G. Death and survival from executioner caspase activation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:66-73. [PMID: 37468421 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Executioner caspases are evolutionarily conserved regulators of cell death under apoptotic stress. Activated executioner caspases drive apoptotic cell death through cleavage of diverse protein substrates or pyroptotic cell death in the presence of gasdermin E. On the other hand, activation of executioner caspases can also trigger pro-survival and pro-proliferation signals. In recent years, a growing body of studies have demonstrated that cells can survive from executioner caspase activation in response to stress and that the survivors undergo molecular and phenotypic alterations. This review focuses on death and survival from executioner caspase activation, summarizing the role of executioner caspases in apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death and discussing the potential mechanism and consequences of survival from stress-induced executioner caspase activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marcon F, Giunta S, Bignami M. Emerging roles of DNA repair factors in the stability of centromeres. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:121-129. [PMID: 37852903 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Satellite DNA sequences are an integral part of centromeres, regions critical for faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Because of their complex repetitive structure, satellite DNA may act as a barrier to DNA replication and other DNA based transactions ultimately resulting in chromosome breakage. Over the past two decades, several DNA repair proteins have been shown to bind and function at centromeres. While the importance of these repair factors is highlighted by various structural and numerical chromosome aberrations resulting from their inactivation, their roles in helping to maintain genome stability by solving the intrinsic difficulties of satellite DNA replication or promoting their repair are just starting to emerge. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of DNA repair and DNA damage response proteins in maintaining the structure and function of centromeres in different contexts. We also report the recent connection between the roles of specific DNA repair factors at these genomic loci with age-related increase of chromosomal instability under physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|