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Werder E, Lawrence K, Deng X, Braxton Jackson W, Christenbury K, Buller I, Engel L, Sandler D. Residential air pollution, greenspace, and adverse mental health outcomes in the U.S. Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174434. [PMID: 38960154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution and greenness are environmental determinants of mental health, though existing evidence typically considers each exposure in isolation. We evaluated relationships between co-occurring air pollution and greenspace levels and depression and anxiety. We estimated cross-sectional associations among 9015 Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study participants living in the southeastern U.S. who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression: score ≥ 10) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7 (anxiety: score ≥ 10). Participant residential addresses were linked to annual average concentrations of particulate matter (1 km PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (1 km NO2), as well as satellite-based greenness (2 km Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)). We used adjusted log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for associations between exposures (quartiles) and depression and anxiety. In mutually adjusted models (simultaneously modeling PM2.5, NO2, and EVI), the highest quartile of PM2.5 was associated with increased prevalence of depression (PR = 1.17, 95 % CI: 1.06-1.29), whereas the highest quartile of greenness was inversely associated with depression (PR = 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.80-0.99). Joint exposure to greenness mitigated the impact of PM2.5 on depression (PRPM only = 1.20, 95 % CI: 1.06-1.36; PRPM+green = 0.98, 95 % CI: 0.83-1.16) and anxiety (PRPM only = 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.22; PRPM+green = 0.95, 95 % CI: 0.83-1.09) overall and in subgroup analyses. Observed associations were stronger in urbanized areas and among nonwhite participants, and varied by neighborhood deprivation. NO2 exposure was not independently associated with depression or anxiety in this population. Relationships between PM2.5, greenness, and depression were strongest in the presence of characteristics that are highly correlated with lower socioeconomic status, underscoring the need to consider mental health as an environmental justice issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W Braxton Jackson
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kate Christenbury
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ian Buller
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, NC, USA
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Yuan W, Jiang J, Song SS, Liu J, Chen M, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Chen L, Qin Y, Wang R, Guo T, Wang X, Ma Q, Dong Y, Ma J. The association of breastfeeding duration on metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents, stratified by birth weight for gestational age. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13145. [PMID: 38890760 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the associations between breastfeeding duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and to further investigate the role of birth weight for gestational age (GA) on these associations. METHODS A total of 10 275 participants aged 7 to 18 years were included applying multistage cluster random sampling from a Chinese national survey. Birth weight was classified into small for GA (SGA), appropriate for GA (AGA) and large for GA (LGA). Information was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, physical examination and blood biochemical examination. Multivariable linear regression, logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationships of breastfeeding duration and MetS with different birth weight for GA. RESULTS The prevalence of non-breastfeeding, 0-5, 6-12 and >12 months groups were 16.2%, 23.1%, 42.5% and 18.2%, and the prevalence of SGA and LGA was 11.9% and 12.7%, respectively. Prolonged breastfeeding duration was associated with higher odds of MetS (β: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.13), WC (β: 3.49, 95% CI: 2.82, 4.16) and SBP (β: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.80, 2.89). SGA and prolonged breastfeeding synergistically increased MetS risks, but LGA appeared to offset the adverse effects of prolonged breastfeeding. CONCLUSION Prolonged breastfeeding may increase children's MetS risks. SGA synergies with prolonged breastfeeding increased MetS burden in children and adolescents, while LGA mitigated the risks. This reminds us that intensive attention should be paid to both early birth weight and subsequent living environment for children and adolescents' lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianuo Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sha-Sha Song
- Pathology Department, Yantai Fushan People's Hospital, Yantai, PR China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Manman Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiaoxin Shi
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Qin
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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Zhang WJ, Guo ZX, Wang YD, Fang SY, Wan CM, Yu XL, Guo XF, Chen YY, Zhou X, Huang JQ, Li XJ, Chen JX, Fan LL. From Perspective of Hippocampal Plasticity: Function of Antidepressant Chinese Medicine Xiaoyaosan. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:747-758. [PMID: 38900227 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most commonly studied brain regions in the context of depression. The volume of the hippocampus is significantly reduced in patients with depression, which severely disrupts hippocampal neuroplasticity. However, antidepressant therapies that target hippocampal neuroplasticity have not been identified as yet. Chinese medicine (CM) can slow the progression of depression, potentially by modulating hippocampal neuroplasticity. Xiaoyaosan (XYS) is a CM formula that has been clinically used for the treatment of depression. It is known to protect Gan (Liver) and Pi (Spleen) function, and may exert its antidepressant effects by regulating hippocampal neuroplasticity. In this review, we have summarized the association between depression and aberrant hippocampal neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we have discussed the researches published in the last 30 years on the effects of XYS on hippocampal neuroplasticity in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying its therapeutic action against depression. The results of this review can aid future research on XYS for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jing Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-di Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shao-Yi Fang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chun-Miao Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yue-Yue Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Li Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Raghavendra AS, Jennings K, Guerra G, Tripathy D, Karuturi MS. Patient-reported convenience and effectiveness of telehealth for breast cancer management. Oncologist 2024:oyae165. [PMID: 39017637 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telehealth was rarely used for breast cancer management at tertiary care centers. We sought to examine patient satisfaction, experiences, preferences, and perceived effectiveness and technical quality of telehealth visits in follow-up patients receiving routine outpatient care in the breast medical oncology practice at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. METHODS We administered a survey to 60 follow-up patients for a duration of 9 months (January 5, 2021 to October 27, 2021) who had at least one telehealth consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic, from April 10, 2020 to October 21, 2021. Descriptive statistics were then generated for each question, each domain, and overall survey scores. Subgroup comparisons within patient populations were done using the chi-square or t-test when appropriate. RESULTS Among the 60 participants, 49 (82%) were undergoing standard follow-up during active treatment for either early-stage or metastatic breast cancer. Telehealth and in-person office visits were considered equivalent in terms of quality of communication by 43 participants (72%). Most participants (n = 49, 82%) felt equally cared for during telehealth and in-person visits, and 40 participants (67%) reported feeling connected to their healthcare professional during both telehealth and in-person visits. In addition, 28 participants (47%) felt that the duration of telehealth visits was similar to in-person visits, 46 (77%) found both telehealth and in-person visits equally comfortable for discussing sensitive topics, 39 (65%) considered telehealth visits convenient, and 42 (70%) perceived the overall quality of care for telehealth to be similar to that of in-person visits. Participants expressed high satisfaction with telehealth appointments, with 42 (70%) rating their experience as very satisfying. Most participants (n = 44, 73%) expressed a strong likelihood of participating in telehealth appointments for breast cancer follow-up care in the future. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that telehealth can serve as an effective and satisfactory approach for delivering healthcare services to patients with breast cancer requiring follow-up care. The positive experiences and willingness to continue using telehealth indicate its potential for improving access to care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gil Guerra
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meghan S Karuturi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Min Y, Wei X, Yang C, Duan Z, Yang J, Ju K, Peng X. Associations and attributable burdens in late-life exposure to PM 2.5 and its major components and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults: A nationwide cohort study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116531. [PMID: 38852465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in late life has been associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Whether the chronic fine particular matter (PM2.5) and its components exposure are contributed to the older depression symptoms remains unclear. METHOD Middle-aged and older adults (>45 years) were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study during the four waves of interviews. The concentrations of PM2.5 and its major constituents were calculated using near real-time data at a spatial resolution of 10 km during the study period. The depressive symptom was evaluated by the Depression Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D)-10 score. The fix-effect model was applied to evaluate the association between PM2.5 and its major constituents with depressive symptoms. Three three-step methods were used to explore the modification role of sleep duration against the depressive symptoms caused by PM2.5 exposure. RESULTS In our study, a total of 52,683 observations of 16,681 middle-aged and older adults were assessed. Each interquartile range (IQR) level of PM2.5 concentration exposure was longitudinally associated with a 2.6 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 %, 4.0 %) increase in the depression CES-D-10 score. Regarding the major components of PM2.5, OM, NO3-, and NH4+ showed the leading toxicity effects, which could increase the depression CES-D-10 score by 2.2 % (95 %CI: 1.0 %, 3.4 %), 2.2 % (0.6 %, 3.9 %), and 2.0 % (95 %CI: 0.6 %, 3.4 %) correspondingly. Besides, males were more susceptible to the worse depressive symptoms caused by PM2.5 and its major components exposure than female subpopulations. Shortened sleep duration might be the mediator of PM2.5-associated depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its major components were associated with an increased risk for depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. Reducing the leading components of PM2.5 may cost-effectively alleviate the disease burden of depression and promote healthy longevity in heavy pollutant countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Min
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingguo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ke Ju
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Carrazana R, Espinoza F, Ávila A. Mechanistic perspective on the actions of vitamin a in autism spectrum disorder etiology. Neuroscience 2024; 554:72-82. [PMID: 39002756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) has many functions in the body, some of which are key for the development and functioning of the nervous system, while some others might indirectly influence neural function. Both hypovitaminosis and hypervitaminosis A can lead to clinical manifestations of concern for individuals and for general global health. Scientific evidence on the link between VA and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is growing, with some clinical studies and accumulating results obtained from basic research using cellular and animal models. Remarkably, it has been shown that VA deficiency can exacerbate autistic symptomatology. In turn, VA supplementation has been shown to be able to improve autistic symptomatology in selected groups of individuals with ASD. However, it is important to recognize that ASD is a highly heterogeneous condition. Therefore, it is important to clarify how and when VA supplementation can be of benefit for affected individuals. Here we delve into the relationship between VA and ASD, discussing clinical observations and mechanistic insights obtained from research on selected autistic syndromes and laboratory models to advance in defining how the VA signaling pathway can be exploited for treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Carrazana
- Neurodevelopmental Biology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisca Espinoza
- Neurodevelopmental Biology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel Ávila
- Neurodevelopmental Biology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Lazar VMA, Rahman S, Chowdhury NH, Hasan T, Akter S, Islam MS, Ahmed S, Baqui AH, Khanam R. Folate deficiency in pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth: A nested case-control study. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04120. [PMID: 38991209 PMCID: PMC11239188 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth (PTB) and its complications are important public health problems. Its aetiology is multifactorial and involves both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Among the modifiable risk factors, micronutrient deficiencies, including maternal folate deficiency, are increasingly being studied in PTB. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of folate deficiency during pregnancy and examined its association with PTB among rural Bangladeshi women. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study using data from a population-based cohort of 3000 pregnant women who were enrolled between 8 and 19 weeks of gestation following ultrasound confirmation of gestational age. Sociodemographic, epidemiologic, clinical, and pregnancy outcomes data were collected through home visits, while blood samples were collected at enrolment and 24-28 weeks of gestation during pregnancy. We included all women who delivered preterm (defined as live births <37 weeks of gestation) as cases (n = 235) and a random sample of women having a term birth as controls (n = 658). The main exposure was folate concentrations in maternal serum during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. We categorised women into folate deficient (<3 ng/mL) and not deficient (≥3 ng/mL). We then performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the association between maternal folate levels and PTB, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results Thirty-eight per cent of the enrolled pregnant women were folate deficient. Maternal serum folate deficiency was significantly associated with PTB (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27-2.36). The risk of PTB was also higher among women who were of short stature (aOR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.27-2.63), primiparous (aOR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.15-2.22), and had exposure to passive smoking (aOR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.02-2.31). Conclusions The prevalence of folate deficiency was high among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, and folate deficiency was significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verna Mauren Amy Lazar
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sayedur Rahman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | - Tarik Hasan
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Akter
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Abdullah H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Arregi A, Vegas O, Lertxundi A, Silva A, Ferreira I, Bereziartua A, Cruz MT, Lertxundi N. Road traffic noise exposure and its impact on health: evidence from animal and human studies-chronic stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress as key components of the complex downstream pathway underlying noise-induced non-auditory health effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33973-9. [PMID: 38977550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In heavily urbanized world saturated with environmental pollutants, road traffic noise stands out as a significant factor contributing to widespread public health issues. It contributes in the development of a diverse range of non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic dysregulation, cognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although the exact mechanisms behind these non-auditory health effects remain unclear, the noise reaction model centres on the stress response to noise. When exposed to noise, the body activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the secretion of stress hormones like catecholamines and cortisol. Prolonged exposure to noise-induced stress results in chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This review underscores the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the progression of noise-induced vascular dysfunction, disruption of the circadian rhythm, accelerated aging, neuroinflammation, and changes in microbiome. Additionally, our focus is on understanding the interconnected nature of these health outcomes: These interconnected factors create a cascade effect, contributing to the accumulation of multiple risk factors that ultimately lead to severe adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Arregi
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20008, San Sebastian, Spain
- Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/N, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oscar Vegas
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20008, San Sebastian, Spain
- Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/N, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/N, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research On Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ainhoa Bereziartua
- Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/N, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Nerea Lertxundi
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20008, San Sebastian, Spain
- Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/N, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research On Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Vasconcelos C, Perry IS, Gottfried C, Riesgo R, Castro K. Folic acid and autism: updated evidences. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-35. [PMID: 38968136 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2367855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that impairs communication, socialization, and behavior. The association of ASD with folic acid has been investigated due to the importance of this vitamin for neurological health. This study is an update of the publication 'Folic acid and autism: What do we know?' and aims to systematically review studies examining the relationship between folic acid and ASD. The search resulted in 2,389 studies on folic acid and ASD, which were selected by two reviewers based on their titles and abstracts. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were fully read. The 52 included studies involved 10,429 individuals diagnosed with ASD and assessed the intake of vitamin B6, folic acid, and vitamin B12; serum levels of these vitamins, homocysteine, and methionine; therapeutic interventions using folic acid; and the association between maternal exposure to this vitamin and the risk of ASD. The evidence of insufficient folic acid intake in most individuals with ASD remains consistent in this update. No association was found between maternal exposure to folic acid and the risk of ASD in their children. Despite observed improvements in communication, socialization, and behavior in individuals with ASD following folic acid interventions, it is crucial to consider the individuality and complexity of ASD. Given the relevance of the topic, there remains a need for more high-quality research and clinical trials characterized by rigorous methodological designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Schweigert Perry
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (CESAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Initiative, BR-UK- CA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Riesgo
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kamila Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (CESAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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10
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Stocker R, Gupta A, Taylor GS, Shaw JA, West DJ. Adapting to compromised routines: Parental perspectives on physical activity and health for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in the UK during COVID-19 lockdown. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:e242-e250. [PMID: 38658303 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine how COVID-19 lockdown impacted physical activity (PA) levels, wellbeing, and diabetes management in children (aged 0-17 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), from the perspectives of their parent/guardian. DESIGN AND METHODS This qualitative descriptive study is part of a larger, parallel mixed-methods design study, which incorporated a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured one-to-one interviews. Interviewees were recruited from the survey, which was distributed to parents of children/adolescents with T1D in the UK. Interviews explored diabetes management, mental and physical wellbeing, changes in PA levels, sleep quality before/during lockdown, and the effects of lockdown on the individual and their family. The interviews were transcribed and the data were analysed thematically. RESULTS 14 interviews were conducted with parents. Thematic analysis generated a central theme of routine disruption, with four further themes on diabetes management routines, harnessing the opportunities of lockdown, weighing up risk, and variable impact on wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining or increasing PA during COVID-19 lockdown was associated with better diabetes management, sleep, and wellbeing for children/adolescents with T1D, despite significant disruption to established routines. Use of technology during the pandemic contributed positively to wellbeing. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is crucial to emphasize the significance of maintaining a well-structured routine when treating patients with type 1 diabetes. A consistent routine, incorporating regular physical exercise and good sleep hygiene, will help with managing overall diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Stocker
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4DR, United Kingdom.
| | - Alisha Gupta
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4DR, United Kingdom; University Hospital of North Tees, Hardwick Rd, Hardwick, Stockton-On-Tees TS19 8PE, United Kingdom.
| | - Guy S Taylor
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4DR, United Kingdom.
| | - James A Shaw
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4DR, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel J West
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4DR, United Kingdom.
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11
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Wei Rong CW, Salleh H, Nishio H, Lee M. The impact of increasing ambient temperature on allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174348. [PMID: 38960184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global warming appears to initiate and aggravate allergic respiratory conditions via interaction with numerous environmental factors. Temperature, commonly identified as a factor in climate change, is important in this process. Allergic rhinitis, a common respiratory allergy, is on the rise and affects approximately 500 million individuals worldwide. The increasing ambient temperature requires evaluation regarding its influence on allergic rhinitis, taking into account regional climate zones. METHODS A detailed search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus databases, was conducted, encompassing observational studies published from 1991 to 2023. Original studies examining the relationship between increasing temperature and allergic rhinitis were assessed for eligibility followed by a risk of bias assessment. Random effects meta-analysis was utilized to measure the association between a 1 °C increase in temperature and allergic rhinitis-related outcomes. RESULTS 20 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with nine of them subsequently selected for the quantitative synthesis. 20 included studies were rated as Level 4 evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, and the majority of these reported good-quality evidence based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Rating Scale. Using the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Exposure tool, the majority of studies exhibit a high risk of bias. Every 1 °C increase in temperature significantly raised the risk of allergic rhinitis-related outcomes by 29 % (RR = 1.26, 95 % CI: 1.11 to 1.50). Conversely, every 1 °C rise in temperature showed no significant increase in the odds of allergic rhinitis-related outcomes by 7 % (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI: 0.95 to 1.21). Subsequent subgroup analysis identified climate zone as an influential factor influencing this association. CONCLUSION It is inconclusive to definitively suggest a harmful effect of increasing temperature exposure on allergic rhinitis, due overall very low certainty of evidence. Further original research with better methodological quality is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wong Wei Rong
- Public Health Division, Sabah State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Federal House, Mailbox no. 11290, 88814 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, 3-6-2, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hazeqa Salleh
- Tuaran District Health Office, Sabah State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Mailbox no. 620, 89208 Tuaran, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Haruna Nishio
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, 3-6-2, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Mihye Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, 3-6-2, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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12
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Li Y, Xu C, Ban Y, Xi W, Han Y, Zhang X, Gao L. Influence of health-related behaviors patterns on obesity among primary and secondary school students: A latent profile analysis. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:634-642. [PMID: 38602094 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the co-existing patterns of health-related behaviors among children and adolescents at different education stages and the association with obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE A total of 5651 primary and secondary school students were drawn from the National Student Physical Health Survey in 2014 with an average age of 13.53 ± 2.87 years. MEASUREMENTS Physical measurements and questionnaires were completed, which concluded height, weight, and health-related behaviors (sleep, physical activity, dietary, and screen behavior et al.). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 26.0 was used for other statistical analysis. RESULTS Three latent classes of health-related behaviors were fitted for each of the education stages. After adjustment for age, gender, and region, the high-screen behavior group were 2.217 (95%CI = 1.030-4.772, p = .042) times more likely to be obesity than the health-behavior group in primary school, and the poor-diet group and poor-diet and high-screen behavior group were 2.101 (95%CI = 1.396-3.396, p < .001) and 1.788 (95%CI = 1.003-3.190, p = .049) times more likely to be overweight than the health-behavior group in junior middle school respectively. CONCLUSION Obesity is mainly influenced by screen behavior and dietary patterns among children and adolescents. Health-related behavior patterns should be accurately identified and comprehensive joint interventions should be carried out to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjing Ban
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Treister-Goltzman Y. An Ecological Association Between Air Pollution and Adolescent Obesity Study. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:542-547. [PMID: 38595273 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to assess the association between exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and adolescent obesity and to identify and visualize the world areas where the problems of adolescent obesity and air pollution by fine PM are more severe. METHODS This is an ecological study, based on publicly available data from a World Health Organization site. RESULTS For each increase in air pollution there was an increase in the probability of being in the higher prevalence obesity group (OR = 1.18 (95% CI, 1.06-1.31). High prevalence rates for both adolescent obesity and air pollution by PM 2.5 were identified in several countries, including Venezuela, Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Oceania islands. CONCLUSIONS Efforts by local authorities and world organizations should be focused on the countries with the highest prevalence rates for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Treister-Goltzman
- From the Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, The Haim Doron Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Y.T.-G.); and Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Beer-Sheva, Israel (Y.T.-G.)
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14
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Chang E, Li H, Zheng W, Zhou L, Jia Y, Gu W, Cao Y, Zhu X, Xu J, Liu B, You M, Liu K, Wang M, Huang W. Economic Evaluation of COVID-19 Immunization Strategies: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2024; 22:457-470. [PMID: 38598091 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-024-00880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically assess global economic evaluation studies on COVID-19 vaccination, offer valuable insights for future economic evaluations, and assist policymakers in making evidence-based decisions regarding the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS Searches were performed from January 2020 to September 2023 across seven English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EBSCO, KCL-Korean Journal Dataset, SciELO Citation Index, and Derwent Innovations Index) and three Chinese databases (Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal, and CNKI). Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Data were extracted from eligible studies using a standardized data collection form, with the reporting quality of these studies assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022). RESULTS Of the 40 studies included in the final review, the overall reporting quality was good, evidenced by a mean score of 22.6 (ranging from 10.5 to 28). Given the significant heterogeneity in fundamental aspects among the studies reviewed, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Most of these studies adopted a health system or societal perspective. They predominantly utilized a composite model, merging dynamic and static methods, within short to medium-term time horizons to simulate various vaccination strategies. The research strategies varied among studies, investigating different doses, dosages, brands, mechanisms, efficacies, vaccination coverage rates, deployment speeds, and priority target groups. Three pivotal parameters notably influenced the evaluation results: the vaccine's effectiveness, its cost, and the basic reproductive number (R0). Despite variations in model structures, baseline parameters, and assumptions utilized, all studies identified a general trend that COVID-19 vaccination is cost-effective compared to no vaccination or intervention. CONCLUSIONS The current review confirmed that COVID-19 vaccination is a cost-effective alternative in preventing and controlling COVID-19. In addition, it highlights the profound impact of variables such as dose size, target population, vaccine efficacy, speed of vaccination, and diversity of vaccine brands and mechanisms on cost effectiveness, and also proposes practical and effective strategies for improving COVID-19 vaccination campaigns from the perspective of economic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxue Chang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haofei Li
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanji Zheng
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanni Jia
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Gu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiyin Cao
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Juan Xu
- Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shenzhen Health Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mao You
- National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kejun Liu
- National Health Development Research Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Mingsi Wang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Weidong Huang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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15
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Yu X, Huang X, Liang X, Ou Q, Sun L, Ren J, Wu Q, Chen H, Huang Q, Zhao H, Wei J, Wu F, Huang S, Wang L. The effects of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviours in primary school students in Zhongshan city. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 38944880 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate nutritional knowledge and healthy dietary behaviours are essential for promoting rational nutrition for children. However, lack of nutritional knowledge and unhealthy dietary behaviours are common among Chinese children. Therefore, we developed a school-based nutrition education (NE) program to assess its impacts on nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviours in pupils. METHODS In this trial, one school was assigned as an intervention group (n = 199) and the other two schools were designated as a control group (n = 140). Children in the intervention group received the NE program in addition to their regular health curriculum, whereas the control group continued with their usual health curriculum without any NE program materials. RESULTS Concerning nutritional knowledge, the mean difference (follow-up minus baseline) of average knowledge scores in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.99 ± 3.22 vs. 0.66 ± 3.60, p = 0.001). However, subgroup analysis revealed that this difference disappeared among boys and students with malnutrition status. Regarding dietary behaviours, the NE program significantly increased the proportion of children exhibiting high frequencies of meat and nuts consumption in the intervention group, along with diverse food choice at breakfast. Additionally, it markedly reduced the proportion of children exhibiting high frequencies of sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food consumption. Structural equation modelling analyses indicated a significant direct effect of NE intervention on nutritional knowledge and an indirect effect on dietary behaviours. CONCLUSIONS The NE program effectively enhanced nutritional knowledge scores and further improved dietary behaviours among Chinese primary school students. Future NE programs should pay more attention to boys and children with malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxue Yu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Jiahe Community Health Service Centre of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Health Care Centre for Primary and Secondary School of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Qian Ou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqiao Sun
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieru Ren
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongmei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Jiahe Community Health Service Centre of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sizhe Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Ignatiou A, Pitsouli C. Host-diet-microbiota interplay in intestinal nutrition and health. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38946050 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The intestine is populated by a complex and dynamic assortment of microbes, collectively called gut microbiota, that interact with the host and contribute to its metabolism and physiology. Diet is considered a key regulator of intestinal microbiota, as ingested nutrients interact with and shape the resident microbiota composition. Furthermore, recent studies underscore the interplay of dietary and microbiota-derived nutrients, which directly impinge on intestinal stem cells regulating their turnover to ensure a healthy gut barrier. Although advanced sequencing methodologies have allowed the characterization of the human gut microbiome, mechanistic studies assessing diet-microbiota-host interactions depend on the use of genetically tractable models, such as Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we first discuss the similarities between the human and fly intestines and then we focus on the effects of diet and microbiota on nutrient-sensing signaling cascades controlling intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as disease. Finally, we underline the use of the Drosophila model in assessing the role of microbiota in gut-related pathologies and in understanding the mechanisms that mediate different whole-body manifestations of gut dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ignatiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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17
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Sackey LNA, Agyemang LSY, Acheampong PE, Owusu MA, Amoah J. Assessment of Noise Levels and Perceptions of Its Health Impact at Kejetia Market in Ghana. ScientificWorldJournal 2024; 2024:7658837. [PMID: 38962428 PMCID: PMC11221953 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7658837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Noise pollution in developing countries such as Nigeria and Ghana is causing adverse effects on citizens, including hearing impairment, sleep disturbances, adverse social behavior, and cardiovascular diseases. This study assessed noise levels at the Kejetia Market in Ghana and the perceptions of health impact. A sound level meter (JD-801A) was used to measure the noise levels at the various points in the market. Results showed that noise exposure levels were not within Ghana Environmental Protection Agency standards 2008, with sources including loud music, advertisements, human congestion, and vehicles. Respondents perceived noise pollution sources as annoyance, mental stress, sleep disturbances, lack of concentration, hearing, and cardiovascular effects. The study suggests that stakeholders and authorities should educate the public on the health effects of noise pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon N. A. Sackey
- Department of Environmental ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lawrencia S. Y. Agyemang
- Department of Environmental ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Patrick E. Acheampong
- Department of Environmental ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Afriyie Owusu
- Department of Environmental ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jennifer Amoah
- Department of Environmental ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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18
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Dong H, Hu P, Wang J, Lu N. Serum magnesium and calcium were inversely associated with hemoglobin glycation index and triglyceride-glucose index in adults with coronary artery disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04287-1. [PMID: 38913294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the associations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) with hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in adults. In this study, we examined the associations of serum Mg and Ca with HGI and TyG in adults with coronary artery disease (CAD). This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 10757 CAD patients with a mean age of 61.6 years. Serum concentrations of Mg and Ca were measured in clinical laboratory. Overall, serum Mg and Ca were inversely associated with HGI and TyG. In multivariable analyses, Mg and Ca were inversely associated with HGI (MgQ4 vs. Q3: -0.601 vs. -0.528; CaQ4 vs. Q1: -0.769 vs. -0.645). In terms of TyG, inverse associations of serum Mg and Ca with TyG were observed. The corresponding TyG values were 9.054 (vs. 9.099) for Mg and 9.068 (vs. 9.171) for Ca in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile. Moreover, Mg, Ca or Mg/Ca ratio were also inversely associated with HbA1c and FBG. In path analysis, no mediating effects of obesity on "serum Mg (or Ca)- HGI (or TyG)" associations were observed. Generally, our study identified the inverse associations of the serum Mg and Ca levels with HGI and TyG in adults with CAD. Large sample longitudinal study, and particularly randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate our findings and overcome the limitations of cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- Department of Child Healthcare and Scientific Education Section, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226018, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Psycho-Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Shafiee A, Nakhaee Z, Bahri RA, Amini MJ, Salehi A, Jafarabady K, Seighali N, Rashidian P, Fathi H, Esmaeilpur Abianeh F, Omran SP, Bakhtiyari M, Alirezaei A. Global prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1673. [PMID: 38915047 PMCID: PMC11194880 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global health concern, and understanding its prevalence among medical students is crucial for shaping targeted interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in order to identify relevant studies that evaluated obesity and overweight among medical students. Inclusion criteria encompassed published and peer-reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of obesity among medical students. RESULTS A total of 1245 studies were screened based on their titles and abstracts, and 99 studies comprised a total sample size of 47,455 medical students across diverse geographical regions were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of overweight among medical students was estimated at 18% (95% CI: 17%-20%), with obesity at 9% (95% CI: 7%-11%). The combined prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) was calculated to be 24% (95% CI: 22%-27%). Meta-regression results indicated a significant correlation between study year and overweight/obesity prevalence (p < 0.05), with a trend towards increasing prevalence over time. Male medical students exhibited a higher pooled prevalence, increasing with the percentage of male participants. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of obesity among medical students globally. In summary, obesity and overweight present a substantial worldwide health concern, especially among susceptible groups such as medical students, whose prevalence is on the rise. It is crucial to grasp the extent and contributing factors of obesity among medical students to formulate precise interventions aimed at fostering healthier habits and alleviating the adverse impacts of obesity on both physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shafiee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Zahra Nakhaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Amini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Salehi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyana Jafarabady
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Niloofar Seighali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pegah Rashidian
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hanieh Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Amirhesam Alirezaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Frenn M. Using meta-analysis: what exercise helps kids with excess weight the most? Evid Based Nurs 2024:ebnurs-2023-103930. [PMID: 38901957 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2023-103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Frenn
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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21
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Bartoskova Polcrova A, Dalecka A, Szabo D, Gonzalez Rivas JP, Bobak M, Pikhart H. Social and environmental stressors of cardiometabolic health. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14179. [PMID: 38898083 PMCID: PMC11187061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposures to social and environmental stressors arise individual behavioural response and thus indirectly affect cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to investigate several social and environmental stressors and the paths of their influence on cardiometabolic health. The data of 2154 participants (aged 25-64 years) from the cross-sectional population-based study were analysed. The composite score of metabolic disorders (MS score) was calculated based on 5 biomarkers: waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides. The effects of social stressors (education level, income), environmental stressors (NO2, noise) and behavioural factors (unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviours) on MS score were assessed using a structural model. We observed a direct effect of education on MS score, as well as an indirect effect mediated via an unhealthy diet, smoking, and sedentary behaviours. We also observed a significant indirect effect of income via sedentary behaviours. The only environmental stressor predicting MS was noise, which also mediated the effect of education. In summary, the effect of social stressors on the development of cardiometabolic risk had a higher magnitude than the effect of the assessed environmental factors. Social stressors lead to an individual's unhealthy behaviour and might predispose individuals to higher levels of environmental stressors exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Dalecka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Szabo
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Pablo Gonzalez Rivas
- International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno (FNUSA), Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Bobak
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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22
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Jia Q, Zhang Y, Zhang B, An X. Reassessing type 2 diabetes in adolescents and its management strategies based on insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1377918. [PMID: 38962677 PMCID: PMC11219588 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1377918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With changes in lifestyle behaviors, including dietary structure and habits, the prevalence of Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (YODM) has increased 2 to 3 times compared to 30 years ago. YODM patients experience complications earlier, progress faster, and exhibit more severe symptoms. However, limited and inconclusive direct evidence, coupled with poor patient compliance, poses challenges in the clinical management of YODM. Apart from the continuous decline in pancreatic β-cell function and quantity, tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) is also a typical characteristic of YODM. The main mechanisms of IR in YODM involve different aspects such as obesity, dietary imbalance, abnormal substance metabolism, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal fluctuations during adolescence. For the comprehensive management of YODM, besides achieving good control of blood glucose levels, it may be necessary to apply the most appropriate methods considering the uniqueness of the patient population and the specifics of the disease. Early identification and detection of the disease are crucial. Precise screening of patients with well-functioning pancreatic insulin β-cells, primarily characterized by IR and obesity, represents the population most likely to achieve diabetes remission or reversal through lifestyle modifications, medications, or even surgical interventions. Additionally, considering potential emotional disorders or the impact of adolescent hormones in these patients, health education for patients and caregivers is essential to make them aware of the long-term benefits of well-controlled blood glucose. In conclusion, adopting comprehensive management measures to achieve diabetes remission or reversal is the ideal goal. Controlling high blood glucose, obesity, and other risk factors related to diabetes complications is the next priority to delay the occurrence and progression of complications. A comprehensive perspective on IR provides insights and references for identifying YODM and its management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- QianYou Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - YanMin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - BaoFeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - XueDong An
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes Vascular Function Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Szczuka Z, Kulis E, Banik A, Boberska M, Siwa M, Zaleskiewicz H, Krzywicka P, Paduszynska N, Knoll N, Radtke T, Schenkel K, Dunton GF, Luszczynska A. Effects of physical activity planning interventions on reducing sedentary behavior in parent-child dyads: A randomized controlled trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 38886974 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Effects of parent-child dyad interventions on behavior remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial investigated if, compared with a control condition, three types of physical activity (PA) planning interventions (individual "I-for-me," dyadic "we-for-me," and collaborative "we-for-us") would reduce sedentary behavior (SB) time in parents and their children. The study involved 247 dyads comprising parents (aged 29-66) and their children (aged 9-15), randomized into one of the three types of PA planning-intervention arms or the control condition. Mixed models were applied to analyze data from a preregistered trial (NCT02713438) with the outcome of accelerometer-measured SB time, assessed at 1-week and 36-week follow-ups. Although children's SB remained unaffected by the planning interventions, a small reduction of SB time was found among parents in the collaborative (p = .048) and individual (p = .042) planning conditions. The effects were observed at the 1-week follow-up only. While short-term reductions in parents' SB were achieved, these were not sustained long-term. PA planning interventions delivered to parent-child dyads did not substantially reduce children's SB, which may be due to young people's needs of increased independence from their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Szczuka
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kulis
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Banik
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Boberska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Siwa
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Nina Knoll
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theda Radtke
- Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schenkel
- Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Melbourne Centre for Behavior Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Yang L, Zhang C, Liu Y, Bao H, Wang Z. The Therapeutic Potential of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia. Immunol Invest 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38874911 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2364796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the most common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children. However, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of MP is unclear. METHODS Both the level of NETs were detected between the 60 MP pneumonia patients and 20 healthy controls, whose the clinical characteristics were compared. Additionally, NETs formation induced by community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin was also analyzed through transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The levels of cell-free DNA, Cit-H3, and MPO-DNA complexes were significantly increased in the patients with MP pneumonia. Importantly, both cell-free DNA and LDH were higher in hospitalized patients with severity than those without severity. In addition, CARDS toxin induced the NETs formation in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomics GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicate that NOD like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway are significantly enriched. Finally, we found that DNase I significantly attenuated the higher levels of Cit-H3, and up-regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) by down-regulating the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase1(p20) in the lung tissues. DISCUSSION These results indicate that inhibiting excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and NETs formation may alleviate MP pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijing Bao
- Integrative Medical Diagnosis Laboratory, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Wu TQ, Han X, Liu CY, Zhao N, Ma J. A causal relationship between particulate matter 2.5 and obesity and its related indicators: a Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1366838. [PMID: 38947357 PMCID: PMC11211571 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has continued to increase as a global health concern. Numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed the long-term effects of exposure to ambient air pollutant particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on obesity, but their relationship remains ambiguous. Methods Utilizing large-scale publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we conducted univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causal effect of PM2.5 exposure on obesity and its related indicators. The primary outcome given for both univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) is the estimation utilizing the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. The weighted median, MR-Egger, and maximum likelihood techniques were employed for UVMR, while the MVMR-Lasso method was applied for MVMR in the supplementary analyses. In addition, we conducted a series of thorough sensitivity studies to determine the accuracy of our MR findings. Results The UVMR analysis demonstrated a significant association between PM2.5 exposure and an increased risk of obesity, as indicated by the IVW model (odds ratio [OR]: 6.427; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.881-21.968; P FDR = 0.005). Additionally, PM2.5 concentrations were positively associated with fat distribution metrics, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (OR: 1.861; 95% CI: 1.244-2.776; P FDR = 0.004), particularly pancreatic fat (OR: 3.499; 95% CI: 2.092-5.855; PFDR =1.28E-05), and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) volume (OR: 1.773; 95% CI: 1.106-2.841; P FDR = 0.019). Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure correlated positively with markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, specifically triglycerides (TG) (OR: 19.959; 95% CI: 1.269-3.022; P FDR = 0.004) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR: 2.462; 95% CI: 1.34-4.649; P FDR = 0.007). Finally, a significant negative association was observed between PM2.5 concentrations and levels of the novel obesity-related biomarker fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) (OR: 0.148; 95% CI: 0.025-0.89; P FDR = 0.037). After adjusting for confounding factors, including external smoke exposure, physical activity, educational attainment (EA), participation in sports clubs or gym leisure activities, and Townsend deprivation index at recruitment (TDI), the MVMR analysis revealed that PM2.5 levels maintained significant associations with pancreatic fat, HbA1c, and FGF-21. Conclusion Our MR study demonstrates conclusively that higher PM2.5 concentrations are associated with an increased risk of obesity-related indicators such as pancreatic fat content, HbA1c, and FGF-21. The potential mechanisms require additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian qiang Wu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chun yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Lyons S, Nolan A, Carthy P, Griffin M, O'Connell B. Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 air pollution and mental health: a retrospective cohort study in Ireland. Environ Health 2024; 23:54. [PMID: 38858702 PMCID: PMC11163701 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental illness is the leading cause of years lived with disability, and the global disease burden of mental ill-health has increased substantially in the last number of decades. There is now increasing evidence that environmental conditions, and in particular poor air quality, may be associated with mental health and wellbeing. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis uses data on mental health and wellbeing from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationally representative survey of the population aged 50+ in Ireland. Annual average PM2.5 concentrations at respondents' residential addresses over the period 1998-2014 are used to measure long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5. RESULTS We find evidence of associations between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and depression and anxiety. The measured associations are strong, and are comparable with effect sizes for variables such as sex. Effects are also evident at relatively low concentrations by international standards. However, we find no evidence of associations between long-term ambient particulate pollution and other indicators of mental health and well-being such as stress, worry and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The measured associations are strong, particularly considering the relatively low PM2.5 concentrations prevailing in Ireland compared to many other countries. While it is estimated that over 90 per cent of the world's population lives in areas with annual mean PM2.5 concentrations greater than 10 μg/m3, these results contribute to the increasing evidence that suggests that harmful effects can be detected at even low levels of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Lyons
- School of Economics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Nolan
- Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson's Quay, Dublin 2, D02 K138, Ireland.
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Philip Carthy
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson's Quay, Dublin 2, D02 K138, Ireland
| | - Míde Griffin
- Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian O'Connell
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chen L, Yuan W, Geng M, Xu R, Xing Y, Wen B, Wu Y, Ren X, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Song X, Qin Y, Wang R, Jiang J, Dong Z, Liu J, Guo T, Song Z, Wang L, Ma Y, Dong Y, Song Y, Ma J. Differentiated impacts of short-term exposure to fine particulate constituents on infectious diseases in 507 cities of Chinese children and adolescents: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study from 2008 to 2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172299. [PMID: 38614340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the association of short-term exposure to PM2.5 (particles ≤2.5 μm) on infectious diseases among Chinese children and adolescents. Analyzing data from 507 cities (2008-2021) on 42 diseases, it focuses on PM2.5 components (black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH4+), inorganic nitrate (NO3-), organic matter (OM), and sulfate (SO42-)). PM2.5 constituents significantly associated with incidence. Sulfate showed the most substantial effect, increasing all-cause infectious disease risk by 2.72 % per interquartile range (IQR) increase. It was followed by BC (2.04 % increase), OM (1.70 %), NO3- (1.67 %), and NH4+ (0.79 %). Specifically, sulfate and BC had pronounced impacts on respiratory diseases, with sulfate linked to a 10.73 % increase in seasonal influenza risk and NO3- to a 16.39 % rise in tuberculosis. Exposure to PM2.5 also marginally increased risks for gastrointestinal, enterovirus, and vectorborne diseases like dengue (7.46 % increase with SO42-). Sexually transmitted and bloodborne diseases saw an approximate 6.26 % increase in incidence, with specific constituents linked to diseases like hepatitis C and syphilis. The study concludes that managing PM2.5 levels could substantially reduce infectious disease incidence, particularly in China's middle-northern regions. It highlights the necessity of stringent air quality standards and targeted disease prevention, aligning PM2.5 management with international guidelines for public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengjie Geng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yi Xing
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Wen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Xiang Ren
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinli Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - RuoLin Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianuo Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziqi Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiying Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; UNESCO Chair on Global Health and Education of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Hosseini SM, Panahi-Azar A, Sheybani-Arani M, Morovatshoar R, Mirzadeh M, Salimi Asl A, Naghdipour Mirsadeghi M, Khajavi-Mayvan F. Vitamins, minerals and their maternal levels' role in brain development: An updated literature-review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:31-45. [PMID: 38907995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
One's neurobehavioural and mental health are built during the exact and complex process of brain development. It is thought that fetal development is where neuropsychiatric disorders first emerged. Behavioural patterns can change as a result of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The incidence is rising quickly; nevertheless, providing exceptional care remains a significant challenge for families and healthcare systems. It has been demonstrated that one of the main factors causing the transmission of these diseases is maternal exposure. Through physiologic pathways, maternal health and intrauterine exposures can affect brain development. Our attention has been focused on epigenetic factors, particularly in the gestational environment, which may be responsible for human neurodegenerative diseases since our main mental development occurs during the nine months of intrauterine life. After thoroughly searching numerous databases, this study examined the effect of fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals and their maternal-level effect on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ava Panahi-Azar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Morovatshoar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Mirzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Ali Salimi Asl
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Misa Naghdipour Mirsadeghi
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Somi MH, Faramarzi E, Jahangiry S, Sanaie S, Molani-Gol R. The relationship between liver enzymes, prehypertension and hypertension in the Azar cohort population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:294. [PMID: 38849721 PMCID: PMC11157708 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hypertension (HTN) as a worldwide health problem is rising rapidly. Early identification and management of pre-HTN before HTN development can help reduce its related complications. We evaluated the relationship between liver enzymes levels and pre-HTN/HTN in the Azar cohort population. METHOD This cross-sectional study was based on data from the large Azar cohort study and a total of 14,184 participants were included. Pre-HTN and HTN were defined based on the American Heart Association guideline. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were measured by Pars Azmoon kits. The relationship between pre-HTN/HTN and liver enzyme levels was evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS Of 14,184 participants, 5.7% and 39.6% had pre-HTN and HTN, respectively. In the adjusted model, AST levels of 19-23 IU/l were associated with an elevated risk of pre-HTN (OR [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.04-1.48]). A dose-response increase was seen in pre-HTN in relation to ALT, with the highest OR in the third tertile (1.34 [1.09-1.63]). The odds of pre-HTN also increased with GGT in the third tertile (1.25[1.03-1.52]). In addition, the odds of HTN increased with increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT, such that the highest ORs were recorded in the third tertile (OR 1.22 [1.09-1.37], 1.51 [1.35-1.70], 1.19 [1.07-1.34], and 1.68 [1.49-1.89], respectively). Among these enzymes, GGT had the highest OR regarding HTN. CONCLUSION This study indicates that AST, ALT, ALP and GGT levels were associated with pre-HTN (except for ALP) and HTN, independent of known risk factors. Hence, it may be possible to use liver enzymes to predict the incidence of pre-HTN and HTN, empowering primary care providers to make the necessary interventions promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammd Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center of Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Jahangiry
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research center for integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Molani-Gol
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zafari Z, Park JE, Muennig PA. Different considerations in economic impacts of aircraft noise. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00688-5. [PMID: 38834709 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Zafari
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Health Computing, North Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Alexander Muennig
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Chen L, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Song X, Wang R, Jiang J, Liu J, Guo T, Yuan W, Song Z, Dong Y, Song Y, Ma J. Association of the external environmental exposome and obesity: A comprehensive nationwide study in 2019 among Chinese children and adolescents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172233. [PMID: 38615759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the effects of various environmental factors, which could disrupt growth processes and potentially lead to obesity. Currently, comprehensive and systematic assessments of these environmental exposures during developmental periods are lacking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the association between external environmental exposures and the incidence of obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS Data was collected from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health, including 214,659 Han children aged 7 to 19. Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI-for-age z-score (zBMI) were the metrics used to assess overweight and obesity prevalence. The study assessed 18 environmental factors, including air pollutants, natural space, land cover, meteorological conditions, built environment, road conditions, and artificial light at night. Exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) to analyze individual exposures' associations with health outcomes, and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) to assess cumulative exposure effects. RESULTS Among the children and adolescents, there were 24.2 % participants classified as overweight or obesity. Notably, 17 out of 18 environmental factors exhibited significant associations with zBMI and overweight/obesity. Seven air pollutants, road conditions, and built density were positively correlated with higher zBMI and obesity risk, while NDVI, forests, and meteorological factors showed negative correlations. Co-exposure analysis highlighted that SO2, ALAN, PM10, and trunk road density significantly increased zBMI, whereas rainfall, grassland, and forest exposure reduced it. Theoretically reduction in the number and prevalence of cases was calculated, indicating potential reductions in prevalence of up to 4.51 % for positive exposures and 5.09 % for negative exposures. Notably, substantial reductions were observed in regions with high pollution levels. CONCLUSION This large-scale investigation, encompassing various environmental exposures in schools, highlights the significant impact of air pollution, road characteristics, rainfall, and forest coverage on childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinli Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - RuoLin Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianuo Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiying Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
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Molchan C, Zhang W, Fitzpatrick A, Mutic A. Clustering by chemicals: A novel examination of chemical pollutants and social vulnerability in children and adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118456. [PMID: 38342203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled air pollutants are environmental determinants of health with negative impacts on human health. Air pollution has been linked to the incidence and progression of disease, with its effects unequally distributed across the population. Children compared to adults are a highly vulnerable group and suffer disproportionately from systemic environmental inequities exacerbated by social determinants. OBJECTIVE To explore air pollution cluster patterns among 6- to 19-year-olds from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and examine chemical cluster associations with social vulnerability. METHODS NHANES data was extracted for 697 children and adolescents. Social vulnerability characteristics from questionnaires were assembled to construct a modified social vulnerability index (SVI). Thirty-four air pollutant exposure chemicals were measured in urine and available from the laboratory sub-sample A data. K-means clustering classified the sample into three groups: low, medium, and high chemical exposure groups. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between high chemical group membership and SVI after adjusting for age, biological sex, and BMI. Complex survey analysis was conducted using SAS v9.4 to reflect population effects. RESULTS Air pollution clusters revealed significant differences in mean concentrations between groups for 31 analytes with minimal distinction in mixture profiles. SVI scores differed significantly between the three groups (P = .002), and with each point increase in their SVI, the odds of a child being assigned to the highest-chemical exposure group increased by 11.55% (95% CI: 1.02-1.31), after adjustment. CONCLUSION Unsupervised clustering of environmental sub-sample specimens from NHANES provides an innovative, multi-pollutant model that can be used to explore exposure patterns in this population. Utilizing the modified SVI allows for the identification of children that may be highly susceptible to air pollution. It is imperative to interpret the research findings in light of historical structural and discriminatory inequalities to develop beneficial and sustainable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Molchan
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Fitzpatrick
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abby Mutic
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Kim JH, Hwang KH, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Kim JM, Lee MY, Cha SK, Lee J. Particulate Matter-Induced Neurotoxicity: Unveiling the Role of NOX4-Mediated ROS Production and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neuronal Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6116. [PMID: 38892302 PMCID: PMC11172693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban air pollution, a significant environmental hazard, is linked to adverse health outcomes and increased mortality across various diseases. This study investigates the neurotoxic effects of particulate matter (PM), specifically PM2.5 and PM10, by examining their role in inducing oxidative stress and subsequent neuronal cell death. We highlight the novel finding that PM increases mitochondrial ROS production via stimulating NOX4 activity, not through its expression level in Neuro-2A cells. Additionally, PMs provoke ROS production via increasing the expression and activity of NOX2 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, implying differential regulation of NOX proteins. This increase in mitochondrial ROS triggers the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), leading to apoptosis through key mediators, including caspase3, BAX, and Bcl2. Notably, the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1) increases at 1 µg/mL of PM2.5, while PM10 triggers an increase from 10 µg/mL. At the same concentration (100 µg/mL), PM2.5 causes 1.4 times higher ROS production and 2.4 times higher NOX4 activity than PM10. The cytotoxic effects induced by PMs were alleviated by NOX inhibitors GKT137831 and Apocynin. In SH-SY5Y cells, both PM types increase ROS and NOX2 levels, leading to cell death, which Apocynin rescues. Variability in NADPH oxidase sources underscores the complexity of PM-induced neurotoxicity. Our findings highlight NOX4-driven ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for mitigating PM-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyu-Hee Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Heon Kim
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hi-Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.K.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.K.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
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Park JE, Muennig PA, Zafari Z. Projecting the economic burden of health impacts of aircraft noise: a case study of Baltimore Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00685-8. [PMID: 38811799 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) in the United States optimizes flight patterns, it has led to the unintended consequence of increasing aircraft noise exposure in some communities near airports. Despite the evidence that chronic exposure to high noise levels produces detrimental health effects, potential adverse health consequences due to increased noise in the affected communities have not been adequately considered in aviation policy discussions. OBJECTIVE We assessed the long-term health and associated economic burden of increased aircraft noise caused by NextGen near the Baltimore-Washington Thurgood Marshall International (BWI) airport in Maryland. METHODS A probabilistic Markov model projected the incremental health and associated economic burden over 30, 20, and 10 years, comparing post-NextGen noise exposure levels to pre-NextGen levels. Health outcomes included cardiovascular disease (CVD), anxiety disorders, noise annoyance, and low birth weight (LBW). Noise exposure was categorized into four levels (<55 dB DNL, 55-60 dB DNL, 60-65 dB DNL, >65 dB DNL). A Monte Carlo simulation with 2000 iterations was run to obtain incremental burden estimates and uncertainty intervals. One-way sensitivity analyses for noise effect parameters were conducted. RESULTS Increased aircraft noise exposure was estimated to produce (discounted) incremental mortality costs of $362 million, morbidity costs of $336 million, and losses of 15,326 Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) over the next 30 years. Sensitivity analyses revealed the greatest uncertainty for CVD outcomes. IMPACT NextGen is a system that can increase the operational efficiency of airports by optimizing flight patterns. While operational efficiency is beneficial in many ways, changes in flight patterns and volume can also produce noise pollution, a major public health concern that should be considered in policy decision-making. This study quantifies the long-term health and economic implications of increased aircraft noise exposure following the implementation of NextGen in communities near the Baltimore-Washington International Airport. Our findings underscore the importance of considering public health consequences of noise pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Park
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Alexander Muennig
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zafar Zafari
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Health Computing, North Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wang S, Yang P, Liu H, Wang Z, Hu P, Ye P, Xia J, Chen S. Assessing Causality Between Second-Hand Smoking and Potentially Associated Diseases in Multiple Systems: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:678-684. [PMID: 37788476 PMCID: PMC11109494 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global disease burden may be exacerbated by exposure to passive smoking (SHS), with the workplace being a primary location for such exposure. Numerous epidemiological studies have identified SHS as a risk factor for diseases affecting various systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. The conventional observational study has certain methodological constraints that can be circumvented through a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Our MR study intends to investigate the causal link between workplace exposure to SHS and the potential associated diseases. AIM AND METHODS Summary statistics data involving European participants were sourced from three databases: the UK Biobank, the FinnGen study, and the European Bioinformatics Institute. Genetic variants linked with exposure to SHS in the workplace were identified as instrumental variables. The MR was carried out using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Sensitivity tests were also undertaken within the MR to evaluate the validity of the causality. RESULTS According to the IVW model, genetically determined atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke (p = 6.64E-04 and 5.68E-07, odds ratio = 2.030 and 2.494, 95% confidence interval = 1.350 to 3.051 and 1.743 to 3.569) were robustly associated with exposure to SHS in the workplace. Suggestive associations were found between workplace SHS and myocardial infarction (MI), asthma, and depression. CONCLUSIONS The MR study demonstrates that exposure to SHS in the workplace is a significant risk factor for AF and stroke in European individuals. Whether workplace exposure to SHS influences other diseases and the causality between them requires further exploration. IMPLICATIONS This study explored the causality between exposure to SHS in the workplace and potential associated diseases in multiple systems, including MI, AF, stroke, lung cancer, asthma, allergic disease, type 2 diabetes, and depression, using an MR study. The MR study can circumvent the methodological constraints of observational studies and establish a causal relationship. The two-sample MR analysis provides evidence supporting the causal association of frequent workplace SHS with AF and stroke. Individuals exposed to SHS in the workplace may also have a heightened risk of MI, asthma, and depression. However, whether SHS affects other diseases and the causality between them requires further investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first two-sample MR study to determine the causal relationship between SHS and potential diseases. Exposure to SHS in the workplace is a prevalent issue and may contribute to a global disease burden. The reduction of exposure following the introduction of smoke-free laws has led to a decrease in the admission rate for cardiac events and an improvement in health indicators. It is crucial to further advance smoke-free policies and their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Poyi Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Cruz-Bautista I, Escamilla-Núñez C, Flores-Jurado Y, Rojas-Martínez R, Elías López D, Muñoz-Hernández L, Mehta R, Almeda-Valdes P, Del Razo-Olvera FM, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Soto-Mota A. Distribution of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants and their contribution to cardiovascular risk in the Mexican population. J Clin Lipidol 2024:S1933-2874(24)00185-5. [PMID: 38942690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In recent years, scientific interest in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and remnant cholesterol has increased, focusing on the evidence that these lipoproteins are a causal factor for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Furthermore, a high remnant concentration (>38 mg/dL) has been associated with several non-cardiovascular risks. We aimed in this study to describe the percentile distribution of remnant cholesterol. Additionally, we evaluated the association between remnant cholesterol plasma concentration and epidemiologically relevant cardio-metabolic outcomes such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and ASCVD. METHODS We analyzed data from 9,591 adults from the National Survey of Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT) 2018 with fasting blood samples and complete medical history questionnaires. We built multivariate models to evaluate the association between chronic diseases and blood remnant concentration. To compare our 2018-sub-sample against a population reference, we used the NHANES (2005-2014) publicly available datasets by ethnicity. RESULTS Remnants were independently associated with cardiovascular risk, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. For all outcomes, the blood remnant concentration was a stronger predictor than LDL. At all deciles, the blood remnant concentration was higher in ENSANUT-2018. CONCLUSIONS A remnant blood concentration above 38 mg/dL was highly prevalent among Mexicans. Remnants were significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. This association occurred independently of other lipid markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cruz-Bautista
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota); Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes)
| | - C Escamilla-Núñez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico (Drs Escamilla -Núñez, Rojas-Martínez)
| | - Y Flores-Jurado
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota)
| | - R Rojas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico (Drs Escamilla -Núñez, Rojas-Martínez)
| | - D Elías López
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota)
| | - L Muñoz-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota)
| | - R Mehta
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota); Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes)
| | - P Almeda-Valdes
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota); Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes)
| | - F M Del Razo-Olvera
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota)
| | - C A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota); Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico (Drs Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota)
| | - A Soto-Mota
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico (Drs Cruz-Bautista, Flores Yuscely, Elías López, Muñoz-Hernández, Mehta, Almeda-Valdes, Del Razo-Olvera, Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota); Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico (Drs Aguilar-Salinas, Soto-Mota).
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Alruwaili BF, Bayyumi DF, Alruwaili OS, Alsadun RS, Alanazi AS, Hadi A, Alruwaili NKS, Thirunavukkarasu A, Aldaghmani NF, Alrayes AA. Prevalence and Determinants of Obesity and Overweight Among Children and Adolescents in the Middle East and North African Countries: An Updated Systematic Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2095-2103. [PMID: 38799280 PMCID: PMC11127655 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s458003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have experienced alarming increases in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. This updated systematic review sought to measure the prevalence and determinants of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in MENA countries. A literature search for relevant observational studies published in English was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Twenty-one published articles during the past five years were included in the systematic review. Varied approaches were used to diagnose childhood overweight and obesity, including the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF), Centre for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and Saudi Growth Pattern Curves. We found that the combined prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the Middle East is up to 49.4%, depending on the methods applied in their studies. Risk factors identified were age, male gender, lack of sufficient physical activity, consumption of fried food, perceived stress level, number of family members, family size, mother's occupation, education level, family history of obesity, high energy consumption from carbohydrates, ≥2 hours spent on watching television on weekend days with overweight, and always eating breakfast while watching television with obesity. The results of this review indicate that the issue of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in the Middle East is substantial and concerning. Most of the risk factors identified are modifiable and, if given appropriate attention, could significantly reduce the burden of associated chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer Farhan Alruwaili
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Fahad Bayyumi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud Saud Alruwaili
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Saud Alsadun
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amal Hadi
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Kareem S Alruwaili
- Department of Primary Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Aljouf Health Cluster, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Mashuri YA, Widyaningsih V, Premanawasti A, Koot J, Pardoel Z, Landsman-Dijkstra J, Postma M, Probandari A. Differences in knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding hypertension by access to a community-based screening program (POSBINDU): A cross-sectional study from four districts in Indonesia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303503. [PMID: 38743698 PMCID: PMC11093334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of hypertension is found in Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICs) including in Indonesia. However, hypertension awareness, treatment, and control are relativity poor. A community-based program to screen and educate people on non-communicable disease prevention (POSBINDU) was launched by the Indonesian government. However, the association between participation in the POSBINDU program with increasing knowledge, attitude, and practice of hypertension has not been widely assessed. In this study, we compared the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among people who accessed the POSBINDU and those who did not access the POSBINDU program. Subsequently, factors associated with the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among people who accessed the POSBINDU and those who did not access the POSBINDU were explored. METHODS This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design measuring the knowledge, attitudes, and practices for hypertension control in four districts in Indonesia from October 2019 to January 2020. A total of 1,988 respondents were included in this study. A questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hypertension. Simple logistic regression was used to investigate the correlation between the characteristics of respondents and knowledge, attitudes, and practice status. Multiple logistic regression tests were conducted to investigate factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practice status. RESULTS We found that people who accessed POSBINDU had higher odds of having better knowledge (aOR:1.4; 95%CI:1.2-1.8), however, accessed to POSBINDU was associated with lower attitudes (aOR:0.6; 85%CI: 0.5-0.7) and had no association with hypertension-related practice. CONCLUSION People who accessed POSBINDU have an association with good knowledge, but the association with good attitude and practice was less clear. Therefore, an improvement in the POSBINDU program is needed to increase the attitudes and practices of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ari Mashuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Disease Control Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vitri Widyaningsih
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Disease Control Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alimah Premanawasti
- Disease Control Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jaap Koot
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zinzi Pardoel
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanet Landsman-Dijkstra
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Postma
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ari Probandari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Disease Control Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Du P, Lam WC, Leung C, Li H, Lyu Z, Yuen CS, Cheung CH, Lam TF, Bian Z, Zhong L. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine to prevent and treat COVID-19 household close contacts in Hong Kong: an open-label, randomized controlled trial. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359331. [PMID: 38799438 PMCID: PMC11116634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM in the prevention of COVID-19 infection and treatment for COVID-19 related symptoms. Design Prospective open-label randomized controlled trial. Setting Participants' home in Hong Kong. Participants Participants who had household close contact with COVID-19-infected family members. Interventions Close contacts were stratified into 4 groups (cohort A, B, C, D) based on symptoms and infection status and were randomized in 4:1 ratio to receive CHM granules (9g/sachet, two times daily) or blank control for 7 days with 2 weeks of follow-up. Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was the rate of positive nucleic acid tests. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of developed COVID-19 related symptoms and adverse events during the whole 3-week study period. Subgroup analysis was used to evaluate demographic factors associated with positive infection rates. Results A total of 2163 contacts were enrolled and randomly assigned to the CHM group (1720 contacts) and blank control (443 contacts) group. During the 21 days, the rate of PCR-positive cases in cohort A was markedly lower in the CHM group (3.6%) compared to the control group (7.0%) (P=0.036). Overall, the rate of infection in the CHM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (10.69% vs. 6.03%; RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39-0.82) after 7-day treatment. No serious adverse events were reported during the medication period. Conclusion The preliminary findings indicate that CHM may be effective and safe in preventing COVID-19. Future double-blind, randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy of CHM in a larger contact population. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05269511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Ching Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choryin Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zipan Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun Sum Yuen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hoi Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Fung Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linda Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Xu L, Gao Z, He M, Yang M. Effectiveness of the knowledge, attitude, practice intervention model in the management of hypertension in the elderly. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2024; 26:465-473. [PMID: 38468407 PMCID: PMC11088428 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study illustrated the effectiveness of the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) intervention model for community hypertension in the elderly by the community physician-led, describing the study design and baseline data. The aim of the study was to compare the changes in the elderly hypertensive population before and after the KAP intervention model by managing the elderly hypertensive patients for a period of 1 year. Basic information and risk factors affecting blood pressure control based on baseline data of recruited elderly hypertensive patients. The management approach consists of two parts: (1) the unified management of the community physician to whom the patient belongs; and (2) the management of the contracted patient by the community physician. The aim was to demonstrate the anti-hypertensive effectiveness (control rate, blood pressure reduction, and pulse pressure), the distribution of blood pressure types, and the change of the KAP in elderly hypertensive patients before and after the intervention. The KAP intervention model was administered to 2660 elderly hypertensive patients in a 1-year period. The blood pressure control rate improved by 54.03%. Mean values of overall systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 16.00 and 5.31 mmHg, respectively. The proportion of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH) decreased by 29.14% and 24.81%, respectively. The KAP compliance improved significantly. These results suggest that the community physician-led KAP intervention model is effective in the management of hypertension in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Shuang Xu
- Department of CardiologySchool of China Medical UniversityLiaoningChina
| | - Zhi‐Guang Gao
- Department of General PracticeChaoyang Central HospitalLiaoningChina
| | - Mei He
- Department of CardiologySchool of China Medical UniversityLiaoningChina
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Opoku MP, Mustafa A, Anwahi N, Shah H, Aldhaheri S, Almeqbaali A, Alkateri T, Belbase S. Exploring Collaborative Efforts Toward Promoting Better Eating Habits among Autistic Children in the United Arab Emirates. LINACRE QUARTERLY 2024; 91:193-213. [PMID: 38726315 PMCID: PMC11078127 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231156701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
According to the principle of duty of care, adults in the lives of children with disabilities such as autistic children are expected to promote their development. The Nutbeam's health literacy model was adopted to explore the efforts of special education teachers and parents toward promoting better eating habits among autistic children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Twenty-one participants, comprising fifteen special education teachers and six parents with autistic children, were examined in this study. The results indicated that some special education teachers' and parents' limited understanding of unhealthy food might impact the development of autistic children. Furthermore, the findings also highlight the lack of collaboration and communication between teachers regarding the nutrition and healthy living of autistic children. The findings have practical consequences, such as urging UAE health policymakers to provide professional development for special education instructors and parents of autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Peprah Opoku
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Mustafa
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noora Anwahi
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haseena Shah
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Aldhaheri
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Almeqbaali
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thara Alkateri
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shashidhar Belbase
- Curriculum and Method of Instruction, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Xie Q, Yong C, Xiang C, Xi Y, Huo J, Liang J, Zou H, Pan Y, Wu M, Lin Q. The Impact of Caregiver Pressure to Eat on Food Neophobia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:528. [PMID: 38790525 PMCID: PMC11119268 DOI: 10.3390/children11050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: With autistic children's high pervasiveness of eating problems and inappropriate feeding behaviors by their caregivers, this study wanted to inspect the connection between caregivers' pressure to eat and food neophobia in these children. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional overview of 160 guardians of kids aged 2 to 7 years. After one-on-one questioning by the researcher, the collected information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the children with autism, caregiver feeding behavior, and new food neophobia (FN) scores was entered into the Questionnaire Star system. (3) Results: The mean FN score was 25.56 ± 6.46. The caregiver's pressure to eat positively related to children's FN (β = 0.164 95% CI, 0.078, 2.163). In these children, we found a negative correlation between FN score and the frequency of vegetable intake (p ≤ 0.001), fruit intake (p ≤ 0.05), aquatic product intake (p ≤ 0.05), and dietary diversity score (p ≤ 0.01), and positively correlated with the frequency of snack intake (p ≤ 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Caregiver pressure to eat was positively associated with high levels of FN in Chinese kids with ASD, which in turn negatively impacted dietary quality. To improve eating habits, caregivers should reconsider their feeding strategies and avoid using forceful methods to ease food neophobia in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410031, China; (Q.X.); (C.Y.); (C.X.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (M.W.)
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Münzel T, Molitor M, Kuntic M, Hahad O, Röösli M, Engelmann N, Basner M, Daiber A, Sørensen M. Transportation Noise Pollution and Cardiovascular Health. Circ Res 2024; 134:1113-1135. [PMID: 38662856 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found that transportation noise increases the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with solid evidence for ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and stroke. According to the World Health Organization, at least 1.6 million healthy life years are lost annually from traffic-related noise in Western Europe. Traffic noise at night causes fragmentation and shortening of sleep, elevation of stress hormone levels, and increased oxidative stress in the vasculature and the brain. These factors can promote vascular (endothelial) dysfunction, inflammation, and arterial hypertension, thus elevating cardiovascular risk. The present review focusses on the indirect, nonauditory cardiovascular health effects of noise. We provide an updated overview of epidemiological research on the effects of transportation noise on cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and mechanistic insights based on the latest clinical and experimental studies and propose new risk markers to address noise-induced cardiovascular effects in the general population. We will discuss the potential effects of noise on vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in humans and animals. We will elaborately explain the underlying pathomechanisms by alterations of gene networks, epigenetic pathways, circadian rhythm, signal transduction along the neuronal-cardiovascular axis, and metabolism. We will describe current and future noise mitigation strategies. Finally, we will conduct an overall evaluation of the status of the current evidence of noise as a significant cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, Germany (T.M., M.M., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Michael Molitor
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, Germany (T.M., M.M., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, Germany (T.M., M.M., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.R., N.E.)
| | - Nicole Engelmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.R., N.E.)
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (M.B.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, Germany (T.M., M.M., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.S.)
- Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark (M.S.)
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Cui J, Wang S, Zhai Z, Song X, Qiu T, Yu L, Zhai Q, Zhang H. Induction of autism-related behavior in male mice by early-life vitamin D deficiency: association with disruption of the gut microbial composition and homeostasis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4338-4353. [PMID: 38533674 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during early life emerges as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with autism commonly exhibit lower vitamin D (VD) levels compared to the general population, and VD deficiency is prevalent during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, gastrointestinal comorbidity, prevalent in ASD patients, correlates closely with disruptions in the gut microbiota and altered intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is fascinating and significant to explore the effects of maternal VD deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the maturation of the gut microbiota of the offspring and its relevance to autism spectrum disorders. In this study, we established maternal pregnancy and lactation VD-deficient mouse models, employed shotgun macrogenomic sequencing to unveil alterations in the gut microbiome of offspring mice, and observed autism-related behaviours. Furthermore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) reversed repetitive and anxious behaviours and alleviated social deficits in offspring mice by modulating the gut microbiota and increasing short-chain fatty acid levels in the cecum, along with influencing the concentrations of claudin-1 and occludin in the colon. Our findings confirm that VDD during pregnancy and lactation is a risk factor for autism in the offspring, with disturbances in the structure and function of the offspring's gut microbiota contributing at least part of the effect. The study emphasises the importance of nutrition and gut health early in life. Simultaneously, this study further demonstrates the effect of VDD on ASD and provides potential ideas for early prevention and intervention of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Zidan Zhai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Su T, Zhong B, Tang C, Qiao S, Feng Y, Peng H, Gu X. Correlation between epicardial adipose tissue and myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1368542. [PMID: 38706946 PMCID: PMC11066173 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1368542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Many people infected with COVID-19 develop myocardial injury. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is among the various risk factors contributing to coronary artery disease. However, its correlation with myocardial injury in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 remains uncertain. Methods: We examined myocardial biomarkers in population affected by COVID-19 during the period from December 2022 to January 2023. The patients without myocardial injury were referred to as group A (n = 152) and those with myocardial injury were referred to as group B (n = 212). Results: 1) The A group and the B group exhibitedstatistically significant differences in terms of age, TC, CRP, Cr, BUN, LDL-C, IL-6, BNP, LVEF and EAT (p < 0.05). 2) EAT volumehad a close relationship with IL-6, LDL-C, cTnI, and CRP (p < 0.05); the corresponding correlation coefficient values were 0.24, 0.21, 0.24, and 0.16. In contrast to those with lower EAT volume, more subjects with a higher volume of EAT had myocardial injury (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that EAT, LDL-C, Age and Cr were established as independent risk variables for myocardial injury in subjects affected by COVID-19. 3) In COVID-19 patients, the likelihood of myocardial injury rised notably as EAT levels increase (p < 0.001). Addition of EAT to the basic risk model for myocardial injury resulted in improved reclassification. (Net reclassification index: 58.17%, 95% CI: 38.35%, 77.99%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients suffering from COVID-19 with higher volume EAT was prone to follow myocardial injury and EAT was an independent predictor of heart damage in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bincheng Zhong
- Department of Emergency, The Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunsong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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吴 媛, 杨 亭, 陈 红, 龙 丹, 向 雪, 冯 钰, 韦 秋, 陈 洁, 李 廷. [Serum folate and vitamin B 12 levels and their association with neurodevelopmental features in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:371-377. [PMID: 38660901 PMCID: PMC11057295 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2310091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the levels of serum folate and vitamin B12 (VB12) and their association with the level of neurodevelopment in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS A total of 324 ASD children aged 2-6 years and 318 healthy children aged 2-6 years were recruited. Serum levels of folate and VB12 were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. The Social Responsiveness Scale and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were used to assess the core symptoms of ASD children, and the Gesell Developmental Schedule was employed to evaluate the level of neurodevelopment. RESULTS The levels of serum folate and VB12 in ASD children were significantly lower than those in healthy children (P<0.05). Serum folate levels in ASD children were positively correlated with gross and fine motor developmental quotients (P<0.05), and serum VB12 levels were positively correlated with adaptive behavior, fine motor, and language developmental quotients (P<0.05). In ASD children aged 2 to <4 years, serum folate levels were positively correlated with developmental quotients in all domains (P<0.05), and serum VB12 levels were positively correlated with language developmental quotient (P<0.05). In male ASD children, serum VB12 levels were positively correlated with language and personal-social developmental quotients (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum folate and VB12 levels in preschool ASD children are lower than those in healthy children and are associated with neurodevelopmental levels, especially in ASD children under 4 years of age. Therefore, maintaining normal serum folate and VB12 levels may be beneficial for the neurodevelopment of ASD children, especially in ASD children under 4 years of age.
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Alam MZ, Sheoti IH. The burden of diabetes and hypertension on healthy life expectancy in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7936. [PMID: 38575655 PMCID: PMC10995204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension are among the leading causes of death in Bangladesh. This study examined hypertension, diabetes, and either or both, free life expectancy, to measure the effect of the diseases on the overall health of individuals in Bangladesh with regional variations. We utilized data from Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics 2018 for mortality and Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 for diabetes and hypertension. The Sullivan method was employed to estimate age-specific hypertension and diabetes-free life expectancy. Altogether, 10.3% of the people aged 18-19 years lived with either diabetes or hypertension. The hypertension-free life expectancy was 40.4 years, and the diabetes-free life expectancy was 53.2 years for those aged 15-19. Overall, individuals would expect to spend 38.7% of their lives with either of the diseases. Females suffered more from hypertension and males from diabetes. Still, females suffered more from the aggregate of both. Rural people had more diabetes and hypertension-free life expectancy than those of urban. Individuals of Mymensingh had the highest life expectancy free of both diseases compared to other divisions of Bangladesh. Diabetes and hypertension affect a considerable proportion of the life of the population in Bangladesh. Policy actions are needed to guide the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both diseases, specifically focusing on women and urban populations. Widespread health-enhancing actions need to be taken to diminish the effect of these two diseases in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zakiul Alam
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, 21205, USA.
| | - Isna Haque Sheoti
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Ojeda-Granados C, Campisi E, Barchitta M, Agodi A. Genetic, lifestyle and metabolic factors contributing to cardiovascular disease in the Italian population: a literature review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1379785. [PMID: 38638292 PMCID: PMC11024791 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a major health problem worldwide. In Italy, despite the decline in CVD mortality and disability-adjusted life years recently observed, CVD remains the leading cause of death. The development of CVD has a complex and multifactorial etiology that involves environmental, lifestyle/behavioral (e.g., unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol abuse), metabolic, and genetic factors. Although a large number of CVD susceptibility genetic variants have been identified, some seem to confer risk according to the genetic background or ethnicity of the population. Some CVD-associated polymorphisms with appreciable frequency in the Italian population may be important contributors to the development and progression of the most prevalent CVD in the population. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology of CVD in Italy, as well as to highlight the main genetic, lifestyle/behavioral, and metabolic factors contributing to CVD risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ojeda-Granados
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Xue Z, Ling X, Zhao X, Geng L. Neural Mechanisms of Nonauditory Effects of Noise Exposure on Special Populations. Noise Health 2024; 26:70-81. [PMID: 38904804 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_78_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the abnormal structure and function of brain neural networks in special populations, such as children, elderly individuals, and individuals with mental disorders, noise exposure is more likely to have negative psychological and cognitive nonauditory effects on these individuals. There are unique and complex neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. For individuals with mental disorders, there are anomalies such as structural atrophy and decreased functional activation in brain regions involved in emotion and cognitive processing, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Noise exposure can worsen these abnormalities in relevant brain regions, further damaging neural plasticity and disrupting normal connections and the transmission of information between the PFC and other brain areas by causing neurotransmitter imbalances. In the case of children, in a noisy environment, brain regions such as the left inferior frontal gyrus and PFC, which are involved in growth and development, are more susceptible to structural and functional changes, leading to neurodegenerative alterations. Furthermore, noise exposure can interrupt auditory processing neural pathways or impair inhibitory functions, thus hindering children's ability to map sound to meaning in neural processes. For elderly people, age-related shrinkage of brain regions such as the PFC, as well as deficiencies in hormone, neurotransmitter, and nutrient levels, weakens their ability to cope with noise. Currently, it is feasible to propose and apply coping strategies to improve the nonauditory effects of noise exposure on special populations based on the plasticity of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Xue
- School of Chinese Language and Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinran Ling
- School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Xinru Zhao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Zibo, 255314, China
| | - Libo Geng
- School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221009, China
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50
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Biton L, Shvartsur R, Grinberg K, Kagan I, Linetsky I, Halperin O, Azab AN, Cohen O. Vaccinating without complete willingness against COVID-19: Personal and social aspects of Israeli nursing students and faculty members. Nurs Inq 2024; 31:e12601. [PMID: 37731259 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Soon after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, it became clear that vaccination will be the most useful tool to combat the disease. Despite the apparent safety and efficacy of the developed anti-COVID-19 vaccines, relatively high percentages of the population worldwide refused to get vaccinated, including many health workers and health students. The present cross-sectional study examined the motives, attitudes, and personal characteristics of those who did not get vaccinated against COVID-19 or vaccinated without complete willingness among nursing students and nursing faculty members in Israel (n = 472). Results show that the vast majority of the study participants (97%) received at least one dose of the anti-COVID-19 vaccine. Nearly 37% of the participants indicated that they received the vaccine without complete willingness. As compared to faculty members, nursing students reported lower trust in the efficacy of the vaccine, perceived the COVID-19 pandemic as a health threat to a lesser extent, exhibited lower institutional and personal trust, and had higher levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Non-Jewish participants were at risk of vaccinating without complete willingness. These findings underscore the need for developing evidence-based strategies to promote the safety and efficacy of the anti-COVID-19 vaccines in nursing schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linoy Biton
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Shvartsur
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ashkelon Academic College, Israel
| | - Keren Grinberg
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek-Hefer, Israel
| | - Ilya Kagan
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ashkelon Academic College, Israel
| | - Irena Linetsky
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek-Hefer, Israel
| | - Ofra Halperin
- Department of Nursing, Max Stern Academic College of Emek-Yezreel, Jezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Abed N Azab
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Odeya Cohen
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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