Profile of Chlamydia vaccine research: A bibliometric analysis

Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent Chlamydia infection. However, to date, no vaccine has successfully completed the rigorous clinical trial process and gained regulatory approval for use in clinical practice. Scholars have been working on a safe and effective Chlamydia vaccine. In order to better grasp, the global frontiers and development trends in this field, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis was carried out. A total of 234 publications closely regarding Chlamydia vaccines were culled from the Web of Science Core Collection database, and the bibliometric information was then extracted with CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. After measurement analysis, the most influential papers were identified in this area, including highly cited papers, references with strong citation burst, and high co-citated papers. Vaccine has published the most literature on Chlamydia vaccines. Only scholars from 39 countries/regions have been engaged in studying Chlamydia vaccines. The USA is the most prolific country and has the highest collaborative strength. The current research area has focused on protective immunity and immunopathological response. Major outer membrane protein (MOMP) is the most common target vaccine antigen. This study reveals the status of literature and highlights emerging trends in this field, which helps researchers seek insights into this area and serve as a reference guide for further investigations.

Current applications and research trends of ultrasound examination in acute kidney injury assessment: a bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant clinical condition, and ultrasound examination has emerged as a crucial non-invasive imaging method for assessing kidney status, especially in its diagnosis and management. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis to clarify current research trends in ultrasound assessment of AKI.

METHODS

We conducted a literature search in the Web of Science database using keywords related to ultrasound examinations of acute kidney injury, up to November 15, 2023. The results were analyzed using the bibliometric software package in R. Relevant literature information was analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 1109 articles were included in the study. Research papers published between 2019 and 2024 demonstrated a significant upward trend. The United States, China, and Italy ranked as the top three countries in terms of publication volume. Among the top 10 research institutions with the highest number of publications, 6 are in the United States, with Université de Montréal being the institution with the most publications. Keyword trends focused on: resistive index, risk factors, therapy, glomerular filtration rate, survival, etc. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study highlights the advancements in ultrasound examination for AKI and underscores the importance of such analyses in determining research trends. Future research should emphasize the integration of various imaging techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of AKI.

Prevalence of Silicone Lymphadenopathy in Women with Breast Implants: A single-center retrospective study

Introduction

Silicone lymphadenopathy (SLA) is a known finding after breast implant surgery. The prevalence of SLA is unknown and therefore its clinical implications are unclear. To make a statement about the clinical importance of SLA, more knowledge on its prevalence is necessary. This study aimed to provide details of SLA prevalence in a single-center.

Methods

This single-center retrospective cohort collected all breast radiology reports from breast or axillary ultrasound (US) and breast MRI exams between 2010 and 2020. These reports were screened for the presence of implant rupture (IR) and/or SLA.

Results

Overall, 1,217 women with silicone breast implants (SBIs) were included over 10 years. This resulted in 1,345 US and 900 MRI reports. In this cohort, 47 women (3.86%) had SLA with intact SBIs, 136 women (11.18) had IR, and 24 (1.97%) had SLA with IR. The sensitivity for IR on US and MRI were 76.2% and 91.7%, respectively. The specificity was 53.8% for IR on US and 66.7% on MRI. These calculations were based on the imaging results of patients whose implants were removed in the MUMC+.

Conclusion

This retrospective cohort provides a single-center ten-year representation of diagnostic imaging of patients with breast implants. The prevalence of SLA in this cohort of women with breast implants is 5.83%. IR increases the risk of developing SLA; however, it can also occur in women with intact SBIs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the prevalence of SLA in patients with SBIs.

Breast implant silicone exposure induces immunogenic response and autoimmune markers in human periprosthetic tissue

Silicone-based breast implants are commonly used, but there are concerns about their long-term safety. While implantation results in the formation of a periprosthetic tissue that isolates the implant from the rest of the host body, silicone can leak and reach surrounding tissues. We combined histological analysis and gene expression profiling (RNA sequencing) of samples from human patients with silicone breast implants with different fillers (silicone or serum), surface topographies and/or shell rupture, and performed systematic cross-comparisons. Our study shows that exposure to silicone gel filler, even in clinically asymptomatic cases, induces an immune response. This response includes the expression of markers associated with various autoimmune diseases. This study provides the first biological evidence of an association between silicone implants and autoimmune markers, highlighting the need for further research and stricter implant safety regulations. We suggest that implant design factors, such as filler type and surface texture, may influence the inflammatory response. Re-evaluation of existing clinical trials is warranted to investigate the association between implant characteristics and potential health risks.

Association Between Visceral Fat Metabolism Score and Cataract Risk in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2008

PURPOSE

The present work focused on investigating the relation of visceral fat metabolic score (METS-VF) with cataract prevalence among the American adults.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study, based on the U.S. population, used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2008. For assessing the association of METS-VF with cataract, we employed multivariable logistic regression analysis, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis for exploring their relation. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to compare the cataract diagnostic abilities of METS-VF, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).

RESULTS

There were altogether 2,730 participants included, of whom 290 had cataract.METS-VF was significantly related to cataract (P < .001). As METS-VF quartiles increased, cataract prevalence also increased (Q1: 1.90%, Q2: 6.74%, Q3: 10.25%, Q4: 23.61%). After adjusting for all variables, METS-VF still showed positive relation to cataract prevalence (odds ratio (OR) = 3.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67, 5.93). Subgroup analysis revealed a consistent relationship between METS-VF and cataracts across different groups. The RCS results showed that there was no significant nonlinear relationship between METS-VF and cataracts (P-non-linear = 0.209). ROC curve analysis showed that METS-VF outperformed BMI, WC, and WHtR in cataract prediction.

CONCLUSION

METS-VF is significantly positively related to a higher cataract prevalence, and this relationship remains robust across various subgroups. Additionally, METS-VF demonstrates a stronger predictive ability for cataract than BMI, WC, and WHtR.

Metal Suppression Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery

Implantation of metallic instrumentation is the mainstay of a variety of orthopaedic and spine surgeries. Postoperatively, imaging of the soft tissues around these implants is commonly required to assess for persistent, recurrent, and/or new pathology (ie, instrumentation loosening, particle disease, infection, neural compression); visualization of these pathologies often requires the superior soft-tissue contrast of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As susceptibility artifacts from ferromagnetic implants can result in unacceptable image quality, unique MRI approaches are often necessary to provide accurate imaging. In this text, a comprehensive review is provided on common artifacts encountered in orthopaedic MRI, including comparisons of artifacts from different metallic alloys and common nonpropriety/propriety MR metallic artifact reduction methods. The newest metal-artifact suppression imaging technology and future directions (ie, deep learning/artificial intelligence) in this important field will be considered.

Mapping the landscape of neuroscience research trend(s) in South Asia: A bibliometric analysis of 25 years (1995-2019)

In depth analysis of publication trends can help in finding out strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement. South Asia (SA), with its unique demographic and epidemiological characteristics, is considered a valuable region for health research, particularly in neuroscience. There is a clear need of data which should reflect heterogenous neuroscience research outputs of the SA region and help in devising new trends to boost its research landscape. The present study aimed to analyse the neuroscience research trend in SA during the recent 25 years (1995 to 2019). A total of 85,796 articles were retrieved from PubMed using 7 keywords in combination with the SA country's name. These articles were filtered by removing paper not falling in neurosciences. We compared important metrics of these articles from SA countries. Moreover, data from SA countries were compared with data (extracted similarly) from 4 developed countries i.e., Germany, USA, UK, and Japan (750 articles each). The metrics compared include, journal impact factor (IF), number of authors, citations, funding, collaborations, and research categories. This unique dataset has shown that SA is although, making a lot of progress in neuroscience research, still there is a need for further improvement especially in funding, publications in high IF journals, and the use of advanced cutting-edge technologies. Our study helps in highlighting important gaps and making crucial recommendations to promote neuroscience in the region.

Dyslipidemia in osteoarthritis: A study combining bibliometric analysis and retrospective data mining

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the common chronic arthritis in middle-aged and elderly people, but the effect of lipid metabolism on OA is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the value of lipid metabolism markers as emerging biomarkers for assessing OA disease activity. The literature on OA and lipid metabolism indicators was extensively analyzed by bibliometric. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between lipid profile indicators (total cholesterol; triglycerides [TG]; high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]; and low density lipoprotein cholesterol) and immunoinflammatory indicators (high sensitivity C-reactive protein; erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) in patients with OA as well as the disease activity level (visual analog scale (VAS). Logistic regression modeling was used to calculate univariate and multivariate factors of disease activity. A total of 843 papers were retrieved. China and the United States are the 2 most productive countries in this field, and the United States has the highest H-index. In addition, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage is the most published journal. OA lipid metabolism research has long focused on inflammation, lipid metabolism, and pain. The levels of inflammation (ESR, high sensitivity C-reactive protein) and lipid metabolism indicators (total cholesterol; TG, HDL-C) were significantly increased in OA patients. Inflammation indicators were significantly correlated with lipid metabolism indicators. In addition, HDL-C, ESR, and TG were identified as independent influencing factors for OA-VAS. In summary, the role of lipid metabolism in OA has been a hot topic. Markers of inflammation and lipid metabolism were independent influencing factors of OA-VAS.

Load Changes on a Short-Segment Posterior Instrumentation After Transosseous Disruption of L3 Vertebra - A Biomechanical Human Cadaveric Study

Study DesignBiomechanical Cadaveric Study.ObjectivesFollowing the successful use of a novel implantable sensor (Monitor) in evaluating the progression of fracture healing in long bones and posterolateral fusion of the spine based on implant load monitoring, the aim of this study was to investigate its potential to assess healing of transosseous fractures of a lumbar vertebra stabilized with a pedicle-screw-rod construct.MethodsSix human cadaveric spines were instrumented with pedicle screws and rods spanning L3 vertebra. The spine was loaded in Flexion-Extension (FE), Lateral-Bending (LB) and Axial-Rotation (AR) with an intact L3 vertebra and after its transosseous disruption, creating an AO B1 type fracture. The implant load was measured on the one rod using the Monitor and on the contralateral rod by strain gauges to validate the Monitor's measurements. In parallel, the range of motion (ROM) was assessed.ResultsROM increased significantly in all directions in the fractured model (P ≤ 0.049). The Monitor measured a significant increase in implant load in FE (P = 0.002) and LB (P = 0.045), however, not in AR. The strain gauge - aligned with the rod axis and glued onto its posterior side - detected an increased implant load not only in FE (P = 0.001) and LB (P = 0.016) but also in AR (P = 0.047).ConclusionAfter a complete transosseous disruption of L3 vertebra, the implant load on the rods was considerably higher vs the state with an intact vertebral body. Innovative implantable sensors could monitor those changes, allowing assessment of the healing progression based on quantifiable data.

Scientific Research Trend on Guided Tissue Regeneration: A Bibliometric Analysis

OBJECTIVES

 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a widely used technique in contemporary dentistry which helps achieve regeneration of periodontal tissues. This study aims to identify leading countries, authors, institutes, journals, scientific publications, and mostly used keyword regarding role of GTR in treatment for periodontal disease using the Scopus database.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

 A well-curated search through Scopus database for significant literature related to GTR published between 1987 and 2023 was performed. Bibliographical data which comprised of abstracts, title, keywords, references, citations, and other relevant information were composed. The data was analyzed using MS Excel and VOSviewer.

RESULTS

 Scientific literature on GTR was manually scrutinized, and 308 paper were analyzed using the Scopus database. The first paper on GTR was published in 1987. Journal of Periodontology was identified as the leading journal, while the United States and Italy were the top contributing countries. University of Sienna was the most productive organization. Roberto Pontoriero was identified as the highly cited author. A highly cited scientific paper was published by Pintippa Bunyaratavej in 2001.

CONCLUSION

 The present bibliometric study gives useful information related to the total number of scientific articles published from 1987 to 2023. A rising trend of scientific publication was identified which continued followed by a notable decline after 2004. The analysis also recognized the United States and University of Sienna, from Italy as most active country and organizations, while the Journal of Periodontology as the leading journal.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

 This study may assist in continuing education and evidence-based practice for clinicians and new researchers by providing knowledge and aiding literature searches in the domain of GTR used in treatment for periodontal conditions.

Association of metabolic evaluation of visceral fat score with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the metabolic evaluation of visceral fat score (METS-VF) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis within an adolescent population. A cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) involving 1274 subjects was conducted. Multiple linear regression was employed to ascertain the association between METS-VF with NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect models were utilized to explore potential nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the stability of the relationship across different demographic groups. METS-VF exhibited a positive association with both NAFLD and liver fibrosis. In models adjusted for all covariates, the odd ratios (ORs) for METS-VF with NAFLD and liver fibrosis were 15.74 (95% CI: 10.44-23.72) and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.27-2.70), respectively. This positive correlation strengthened with increasing METS-VF when expressed in tertiles (P-value for trend < 0.01). Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis revealed a nonlinear correlation between METS-VF and NAFLD (log-likelihood ratio [LLR] < 0.01), with a more significant positive correlation observed when METS-VF exceeded 5.75 (OR = 104.42, 95% CI: 17.40-626.58). Similarly, a nonlinear correlation was observed between METS-VF and liver fibrosis (LLR < 0.01), with a stronger positive correlation noted when METS-VF surpassed 4.94 (OR = 34.87, 95% CI: 19.85-64.24). Subgroup analyses by age, ethnicity, and gender indicated that for NAFLD, the positive association with METS-VF was more pronounced in Mexican American female adolescents aged 16 to 19 years, whereas for liver fibrosis, the positive association was stronger in Mexican American female adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. METS-VF was positively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis in American adolescents. Adolescents with a METS-VF exceeding 5.75 should exercise caution, as higher METS-VF levels may elevate the risk of developing NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, Mexican American female adolescents should be particularly vigilant, as increased METS-VF may heighten the risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis in this demographic group.

Advanced imaging characterization of post-chemoradiation glioblastoma stratified by diffusion MRI phenotypes known to predict favorable anti-VEGF response

PURPOSE

Recurrent glioblastomas showing a survival benefit from anti-VEGF agents are known to exhibit a distinct diffusion MRI phenotype. We aim to characterize advanced imaging features of this glioblastoma subset.

METHODS

MRI scans from 87 patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma were analyzed. All patients had completed standard chemoradiation and were anti-VEGF-naïve. Contrast-enhancing tumor segmentations were used to extract: the lowest peak of the double gaussian distribution of apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADCL) calculated from diffusion MRI, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBV) values from perfusion MRI, MTRasym @ 3ppm from pH-weighted amine CEST MRI, quantitative T2 and T2* relaxation times (qT2 and qT2*), T1w subtraction map values, and contrast-enhancing tumor volume. Lesions were categorized as high- or low-ADCL using a cutoff of 1240 µm2/s, according to previous studies.

RESULTS

High-ADCL lesions showed significantly lower rCBV (1.02 vs. 1.28, p = 0.0057), higher MTRasym @ 3ppm (2.36% vs. 2.10%, p = 0.0043), and higher qT2 (114.8 ms vs. 100.9 ms, p = 0.0094), compared to low-ADCL lesions. No group differences were seen in contrast-enhancing tumor volume, T1w subtraction map values, and qT2*, nor in clinical variables such as sex category, MGMT status, and EGFR status. Finally, no clear group-specific preferential locations were seen.

CONCLUSION

Post-chemoradiation glioblastomas with a diffusion MRI phenotype that is known to predict a favorable response to anti-VEGF (ADCL ≥1240 µm2/s) have distinct biological features, with different perfusion and metabolic characteristics, and T2 relaxation times.

MRI based radiomics nomogram for predict recurrence of non functioning pituitary macroadenomas post surgery

OBJECTIVE

To establish and validate a comprehensive predictive model combining clinical data and radiomics features to improve the accuracy of predicting recurrence within five years after surgery in patients with non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFMA).

METHODS

This retrospective study included 292 NFMA patients who underwent surgery between January 2012 and January 2018, with an additional 123 patients as an external test set. Clinical, pathological, and conventional imaging features were collected and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative T1-weighted (T1WI), T2-weighted (T2WI), and T1-enhanced images using 3D Slicer software. A radiomics prediction model was developed, and a combined model integrating clinical and radiomics features was established. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS

The clinical model (Cli-score), radiomics model (Rad-score) and combined model were developed. The diagnostic performance of the clinical model in the external test set, showed an AUC of 0.757 (95%CI: 0.671-0.830), with SEN, SPE, and ACC of 82.5%, 59.04%, and 71.54%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the radiomics model in the external test set showed an AUC of 0.835 (95% CI: 0.757-0.896), with 80%, 79.52% and 63.41% for SEN, SPE and ACC%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the combined model in the external test set showed an AUC of 0.863 (95% CI: 0.790-0.919), with SEN, SPE, and ACC of 80%, 81.93%, and 68.30%, respectively. The calibration curve indicated good predictive performance, and DCA confirmed the high clinical utility of the combined model.

CONCLUSION

The combined model provides a more accurate prediction of NFMA recurrence. This model can guide postoperative follow-up strategies and aid in early initiation of adjuvant therapy for high-risk patients.

Obstructive sleep apnea and memory impairments: Clinical characterization, treatment strategies, and mechanisms

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is associated with dysfunction in the cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological systems. However, the relationship between OSA and memory impairment, intervention effects, and underlying pathways are not well understood. This review summarizes recent advances in the clinical characterization, treatment strategies, and mechanisms of OSA-induced memory impairments. OSA patients may exhibit significant memory declines, including impairments in working memory from visual and verbal sources. The underlying mechanisms behind OSA-related memory impairment are complex and multifactorial with poorly understood aspects that require further investigation. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal damage, synaptic plasticity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, as observed under exposures to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are likely contributors to learning and memory dysfunction. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment can provide remarkable relief from memory impairment in OSA patients. Other treatments are emerging but need to be rigorously evaluated for cognitive improvement. Clinically, reliable and objective diagnostic tools are necessary for accurate diagnosis and clinical characterization of cognitive impairments in OSA patients. The complex links between gut-brain axis, epigenetic landscape, genetic susceptibility, and OSA-induced memory impairments suggest new directions for research. Characterization of clinical phenotypic clusters can facilitate advances in precision medicine to predict and treat OSA-related memory deficits.

Metabolic score for visceral fat is correlated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND

Metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) as an effective marker of visceral obesity has been correlated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to explore the correlation between METS-VF and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality among individuals with NAFLD.

METHODS

A cohort of 6,759 subjects diagnosed with NAFLD was selected from the NHANES during the period from 1999 to 2018. Within this cohort, the prognostic utility of METS-VF for predicting CVD-related and all-cause mortality was assessed.

RESULTS

There was a total of 1254 all-cause deaths (18.6%) and 418 CVD-related deaths (6.2%) at a median follow-up for 9.3 years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic splines analysis indicated that METS-VF can exhibit a positive non-linearly correlation with CVD mortality (HR: 4.15, 95% CI: 2.31-7.44, p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR: 5.27, 95% CI: 3.75-7.42, p < 0.001), with an identified inflection point at 7.436. Subgroup analyses further revealed a stronger correlation between METS-VF and all-cause mortality among subjects without diabetes. Furthermore, the areas under the curve (AUC) for 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 0.756, 0.740, 0.747 and 0.746 for all-cause mortality, and 0.774, 0.751, 0.746 and 0.758 for CVD mortality, respectively, which performs better than the other obesity and IR related index.

CONCLUSION

Elevated METS-VF independently contributes to an increased risk of both all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with NAFLD.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER

Not applicable.

Research Trends and Hotspots Evolution of Nerve Decompression: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2005 to 2024

BACKGROUND

The incidence of nerve entrapment-related diseases, caused by a variety of factors, has been increasing annually, significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Nerve decompression serves as one of the critical approaches for treating such conditions. However, there remains a scarcity of bibliometric analyses within the field of nerve decompression.

METHODS

The publications related to nerve decompression in the Web of Science database from 2005 to 2024 were collected. Bibliometric methods were used to analyze the basic components of publications, synthesize research trends, and predict future research hotspots.

RESULTS

A total of 606 publications were included in our study, with the number of publications ranging from 16 in 2005 to 52 in 2024. In terms of countries, the United States occupies a central position in both the number of publications (213 publications) and the quality (H-index = 34) and works closely with other countries. In terms of publishing institutions, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has the largest number of 18 publications. Acta Neurochirurgica is the journal with the highest number of 27 publications. The focus of research in this field can be divided into 3 main categories: cranial nerves, upper limb nerves, and lower limb nerves. The topic of research has gradually transferred to the lower limb nerve, and the keyword sacral nerve will be a hot topic in this field.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first bibliometric study to comprehensively summarize trends and hotspots in nerve decompression research. Our findings shed light on future research directions, international collaborations, and interdisciplinary relationships. The sacral nerve has emerged as a current and potential future research hotspot, warranting further exploration.

A Comparative Evaluation of Adiposity Indices for Predicting Visceral Adipose Tissue Magnitude: Insights from NHANES 2011-2018

Background and Aims: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a key cardiometabolic risk factor. This study evaluates the association between VAT and adiposity indices and identifies reliable predictors of increased VAT. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from 4696 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. VAT was measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Adiposity indices included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, body shape index, body roundness index, and metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF). Correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) modeling evaluated the performance of indices and identified key predictors of VAT. Results: All adiposity indices were significantly correlated with VAT (P < 0.001). Among them, METS-VF demonstrated the highest predictive performance for increased VAT (>130 cm2) followed by WC. Optimal cutoff values for METS-VF were 7.1 [areas under the curve (AUC): 0.887, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.873-0.899] in men and 7.5 (AUC: 0.904, 95% CI: 0.891-0.916) in women. For WC, the cutoff values were 99.5 cm (AUC: 0.866, 95% CI: 0.851-0.879) in men and 96 cm (AUC: 0.883, 95% CI: 0.869-0.896) in women. MARS modeling identified race, age, WC, BMI, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides as significant predictors of VAT, achieving an R2 of 75.2%. Conclusion: METS-VF demonstrated the highest predictive value among the indices evaluated for predicting increased VAT. It may serve as a valuable tool in assessing visceral obesity and associated cardiometabolic risks.

Comparative Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Salvia hispanica L., Sesamum indicum L., and Linum usitatissimum L.: A Focus on the Effect of Their Fixed Oil on the Peritoneal Fat

The current research was undertaken to investigate the effect of fixed oils of Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed), Sesamum indicum L. (sesame), and Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds on the chemical profile and weight of the peritoneal fat of rats fed normal (10% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD) (20% fat). Additionally, to analyze the phytoconstituents of these fixed oils, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to analyze the experimental oils and the peritoneal fats. Our results revealed a remarkable effect of the experimental oils on the fatty acid profile of peritoneal fat in groups fed on HFD; they limited the increase in saturated fatty acids. Moreover, adding these oils to HFD limited the increase in body weight and decreased the percentage of peritoneal fat. In addition, oleic acid was the major fatty acid in sesame and flaxseed oils (44.2% and 33.69%, respectively). However, linolenic acid was represented as a major fatty acid in chia oil (50.69%). So, we can conclude that sesame, flaxseed, and chia oils can be used as a healthy oil source in food due to their nutritional benefits and remarkable role in controlling the adverse effect of HFD on the quantity and quality of peritoneal fat.

Artificially Sweetened Food Mediates the Perception of Chronic Pain in Individuals With Neuroticism Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have shown that neuroticism and artificially sweetened food all play essential roles in chronic pain to varying degrees. However, it is unclear precisely the causal relationship between neuroticism traits and chronic pain and whether an unhealthy sweetened food is a mediator in this process.

METHODS

This study employed rigorous research methods to ensure the validity of the findings. We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the causal relationships between neuroticism traits, artificially sweetened food, and chronic pain. The data encompass four neuroticism traits (neuroticism, experiencing mood swings, depressed affect, and worry), consumption levels of nine artificially sweetened foods, and seven types of chronic pain. The primary statistical method employed was inverse variance weighting (IVW). Eventually, we explored whether artificially sweetened food serves as a mediator in the relationship between neuroticism traits and chronic pain.

RESULTS

We found that genetic predisposition to higher neuroticism traits and the consumption of artificial sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of chronic pain across multiple sites. Reverse MR analysis also confirms that chronic pain at multiple sites similarly increases the risk of neuroticism traits. Two-step MR suggests the mediating effects of five artificial sweeteners on sciatica: low back pain, thoracic pain, low back pain, joint pain, and muscular pain. These findings could inform interventions and treatments for chronic pain.

CONCLUSION

Neuroticism traits and chronic pain have causal relationships, with artificially sweetened food mediating the pathway from neuroticism traits to chronic pain.

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy with laromestrocel in mild Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled phase 2a trial

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, severe brain atrophy and neuroinflammation. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 2a clinical trial that tested the safety and efficacy of laromestrocel, a bone-marrow-derived, allogeneic mesenchymal stem-cell therapy, in slowing AD clinical progression, atrophy and neuroinflammation. Participants across ten centers in the United States were randomly assigned 1:1:1:1 to four infusion groups: group 1 (placebo; four monthly infusions, n = 12); group 2 (25 million cells, one infusion followed by three monthly infusions of placebo, n = 13); group 3 (25 million cells; four monthly doses, n = 13); and group 4 (100 million cells; four monthly doses, n = 11). The study met its primary end point of safety; the rate of treatment-emergent serious adverse events within 4 weeks of any infusion was similar in all four groups: group 1, 0% (95% CI 0-26.5%); group 2, 7.7% (95% CI 0.2-36%); group 3, 7.7% (95% CI 0.2-36%) and group 4, 9.1% (95% CI 0.2-41.3%). Additionally, there were no reported infusion-related reactions, hypersensitivities or amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. Laromestrocel improved clinical assessments at 39 weeks compared to placebo, as measured by a composite AD score (secondary end point was met: group 2 versus placebo change: 0.38; 95% CI -0.06-0.82), Montreal cognitive assessment and the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living. At 39 weeks, Laromestrocel slowed the decline of whole brain volume compared to placebo (n = 10) by 48.4% for all treatment groups combined (groups 2-4: P = 0.005; n = 32) and left hippocampal volume by 61.9% (groups 2-4, P = 0.021; n = 32), and reduced neuroinflammation as measured by diffusion tensor imaging. The change in bilateral hippocampal atrophy correlated with the change in mini-mental state exam scores (R = 0.41, P = 0.0075) in all study patients (N = 42). Collectively these results support safety of single and multiple doses of laromestrocel treatment for mild AD and provide indications of efficacy in combating decline of brain volume and potentially cognitive function. Larger-scale clinical trials of laromestrocel in AD are warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05233774 .

Clinical MR imaging of patients with spinal hardware at 0.55T: comparison of diagnostic assessment and metal artifact appearance with 1.5T

PURPOSE

The aim of this study is to assess inter-reader agreement of imaging findings and compare readers' assessment of image quality (IQ) and appearance of metal artifact (MA) in patients with spinal implants between 0.55T and 1.5T MRI.

METHODS

Patients imaged on Siemens Healthineers Magnetom Free.Max 0.55T (n = 42; avg. age 55 yrs.) with spinal hardware between 12/2021 and 3/2024 were included. Of these, 18 patients had a paired exam at 1.5T. All exams were reviewed independently by three neuroradiologists (R1-3). Readers selected imaging findings from a pick-list and rated sequences using a 4-point Likert scale for IQ and MA.

RESULTS

At both 0.55T and 1.5T, raw agreement for the following findings ranged between 81 and 95%: cord signal abnormality, osteomyelitis/discitis, osseous metastatic disease, and compression fracture. Agreement on post-operative fluid collection and spinal canal stenosis was 64.3% and 66.7% at 0.55T, and 77.7% and 50.0% at 1.5T. Agreement on neural foraminal stenosis was low in both cohorts, 47.6% and 33.3% at 0.55T and 1.5T. No sequence at 0.55T was rated inferior to 1.5T in IQ or MA. Sequences rated higher at 0.55T compared to 1.5T were as follows for IQ: sagittal T1w TSE (R1) and as follows for MA: axial T1w TSE (R1, R2), sagittal T1w TSE (R1), axial T2w TSE (R1), sagittal T1w TSE Dixon post-contrast (R2), sagittal T2w STIR (R2: p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Imaging patients with spinal hardware at 0.55T results in comparable inter-reader agreement for clinically-relevant imaging findings and equivalent or improved image quality compared to 1.5T.

Correlation study between the microstructural abnormalities of medial prefrontal cortex and white matter hyperintensities with mild cognitive impairment patients: A diffusion kurtosis imaging study

BACKGROUND

Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between the microstructural changes of medial prefrontal cortex (m-PFC) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients by Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).

METHODS

We retrospectively collected 68 patients, including 47 patients with WMHs and 21 age matched controls. WMHs patients were divided into with MCI (n = 30) and without MCI group (n = 17). The m-PFC was selected for regions of interests (ROIs). DKI parameters were measured and compared between each group. Correlations between DKI parameters and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score were also performed.

RESULTS

1. Compared to controls, WMHs patients have lower MoCA score; WMHs with MCI patients have significant lower axial kurtosis (AK), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri (ACG) of m-PFC; and also have significant lower MK in left ACG. 2. Compared to WMHs without MCI patients, AK, FA and kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) of WMHs with MCI patients were also significantly decreased. 3. AK were positively correlated with MoCA score in both ACG.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with WMHs were related to MCI. DKI sequence has certain application value in evaluating whether WMHs with MCI patients have cognitive function impaired.

Acute anticonvulsant effects of dapsone on PTZ- and MES-induced seizures in mice: NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway preservation

BACKGROUND

Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, presents considerable difficulties in treatment, particularly when dealing with drug-resistant cases. Dapsone, recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties, holds promise as a potential therapeutic option. However, its effectiveness in epilepsy requires further investigation. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of dapsone on seizure activity and neuroinflammation, particularly through the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2)/ Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) pathways, to better understand its therapeutic potential.

METHODS

To evaluate the effects of dapsone, two seizure models were utilized in mice: pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced clonic seizures and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in mice. The impact of dapsone on neuroinflammatory markers and oxidative stress pathways, specifically Nrf2/HO-1 and NLRP3, as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, and IL-18, was assessed using Western blotting and ELISA techniques.

RESULTS

In this study, dapsone (2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, ip) showcased a significant increase in clonic seizure threshold following intravenous infusion of PTZ. Notably, doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg exhibited increased latency and decreased the number of seizures. Additionally, dapsone at 10 and 20 mg/kg prevented the incidence of GTCS and subsequent mortality in the MES model. Furthermore, Dapsone demonstrated modulation of Nrf2/ HO-1 and NLRP3 IL-1 β/IL-18 pathways.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the therapeutic potential of dapsone in epilepsy, emphasizing the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NLRP3 pathways. These findings provide a foundation for future clinical research aimed at developing dapsone-based therapies for drug-resistant epilepsy.

Diagnostic performance of computed tomography-digital subtraction angiography and conventional magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the vascularity of osseous spinal tumors

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Patients with hypervascular spinal tumors may have severe blood loss during tumor resection, which increases the risks of perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, the preoperative evaluation of tumor vascularity may be challenging; moreover, the reliability of the data obtained in conventional preoperative noninvasive imaging is debatable. In this study, we compared conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subtraction computed tomography angiography (CTA) in terms of their performance in vascularity evaluation. The catheter digital subtraction angiography (DSA) technique was used as a reference standard.

METHODS

This study included 123 consecutive patients with spinal tumor who underwent subtraction CTA, catheter DSA, and subsequent surgery between October 2015 and October 2021. Data regarding qualitative and semiquantitative subtraction CTA parameters and conventional MRI signs were collected for comparison with tumor vascularity graded through catheter DSA. The diagnostic performance of qualitative CTA, quantitative CTA, and conventional MRI in assessing spinal tumor vascularity was analyzed.

RESULTS

Qualitative subtraction CTA was the best noninvasive imaging modality in terms of diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.95). Quantitative CTA was relatively inferior (AUROC, 0.87). MRI results had low reliability (AUROC, 0.51 to 0.59). Intratumoral hemorrhage and prominent foraminal venous plexus were found to be the specific signs for hypervascularity (specificity 93.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Qualitative subtraction CTA offers the highest diagnostic value in evaluating spinal tumor vascularity, compared to quantitative CTA and MRI. Although conventional MRI may not be a reliable approach, certain MRI signs may have high specificity, which may be crucial for assessing spinal tumor vascularity.

Correlation Between Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Analysis of NHANES 2011-2020

Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome with high incidence and mortality rates is a prevalent health issue globally. The Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF), as a new index for valuating visceral adipose tissue, has been reported to be closely related to a variety of diseases. However, whether the METS-VF can be an indicator to predict the risk of CKM syndrome remains unclear. Methods: We selected National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database data from the 2011-2020 year cycles and conducted analyses between the METS-VF and CKM syndrome utilizing weighted Cox regression models, subgroup and interaction analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. We also used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to analyze and compare the diagnostic predictive ability of the METS-VF, the BMI, and other indicators assessing adipose tissue, including the VAI, fat mass, and lean mass, in CKM syndrome. Results: In this study, the average age was 34.40 ± 0.61 years in the non-CKM patients, while the average age was over 40.38 ± 0.62 years in the CKM patients. Additionally, there was a greater proportion of male patients in the CKM patients (over 49.04%) in comparison with the non-CKM patients (37.94%). The average METS-VF was higher in the CKM patients (over 6.63 ± 0.02) compared with the non-CKM patients (5.62 ± 0.03). We found the METS-VF had a positive correlation with CKM syndrome and was hardly affected by other confounding factors. The METS-VF was more closely associated with CKM syndrome in the subgroup of age 20-59 and female patients. In addition, the METS-VF had better diagnostic ability for CKM syndrome than the body mass index (BMI) and other indicators. Conclusions: The METS-VF is a potentially actionable indicator that had a positive correlation with CKM risk. The METS-VF may be used as a possible reference in the management of CKM syndrome.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of miRNAs in heart diseases from 2004 to 2023

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) add a new dimension to HD forecast, diagnosis, and therapy based on the potential applications. The miRNA-related research in the heart disease (HD) field has received close attention in the past two decades. However, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively and objectively analyze the current situation of miRNA application in the HD field using the bibliometrics method.

Objective

To comprehensively analyze the global scientific outputs of miRNAs in HD research from 2004 to 2023.

Methods

All the articles and reviews of miRNA-related research in the HD field were retrieved using the Web of Science core collection (WOSCC) title search, and bibliometric analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel 2019, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrics (R-Tool of R-Studio).

Results

3,874 publications were included in the bibliometric analysis. Collaborative network analysis indicates that China with the maximum number of publications (2,063) and the USA with the highest total citations (59,331) are influential countries in this field. Peking Union Medical College is the most prolific university with the maximum publications (134), and the University of California System is the most authoritative institution regarding betweenness centrality (0.27). PLOS ONE tops the journal list of publications, closely followed by the International Journal of Molecular Sciences and Scientific Reports with more than 100 articles. Considering the number of publications, citations, and total link strength overall, Olson. Eric N, Van Rooij Eva, Thum Thomas, Yang Baofeng, Wang Kun; and Lu Yanjie are authoritative authors in this field. The expression changes and regulatory mechanisms of specific miRNAs in various heart biological and pathophysiological processes have been the continuous research hotspots. "exosomes", "extracellular vesicles", "autophagy", and "management" have been novel hot research topics since 2018, which focused on the diagnosis and treatment of HD. The current research development trend is how to translate the achievement of miRNA-related diagnosis and therapeutic drugs for HD into the clinic.

Conclusion

Our study revealed the intellectual structure of miRNA in HD research, which may help scholars understand this field comprehensively and find partners.

Association of visceral fat metabolism score with risk of rheumatoid arthritis in US adults

Background

The Visceral Adiposity Index (METS-VF) has emerged as a novel obesity assessment metric. However, research exploring the relationship between METS-VF and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains limited. The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between the prevalence of RA and METS-VF.

Methods

The NHANES data collected between 2011 and 2018 were used in this investigation. To determine the association between METS-VF and the prevalence of RA, logistic regression analysis was used. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were done to test how reliable the results were. Finally, the predictive power of BMI, waist circumference, and METS-VF for RA was compared using ROC curve analysis.

Results

This research had 8,626 individuals in total. The findings showed that compared to those without RA, persons with the condition had noticeably greater METS-VF levels. METS-VF and the prevalence of RA were significantly positively correlated, according to a logistic regression analysis (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.12-2.00). The results of the sensitivity and subgroup analyses agreed with the primary conclusions. ROC analysis indicated that METS-VF possessed a superior ability to predict RA compared to BMI and waist circumference.

Conclusion

This study indicates that elevated METS-VF levels are positively correlated with an increased risk of RA in the US population. Monitoring this metric might aid in the early detection of high-risk patients.

Visceral Adiposity, Anthropometric and Liver Function Indexes for Identifying Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Adolescents with Obesity: Which Performs Better?

Background: Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is the accumulation of fat in the liver without excessive alcohol consumption or other known liver diseases. MASLD is the most common liver disease in adolescents with obesity. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to determine which index (waist circumference BMI, WHtR, VAI, METS-IR, METS-VF, HSI, FLI, or MetS_zscore) best explains the prevalence of MASLD in adolescents with obesity; (ii) to determine whether there was a specific index that was most strongly associated with MASLD; (iii) to assess which liver function indexes were most strongly correlated with MASLD. Methods: A total of 758 adolescents with severe obesity (BMI z-score > 2) admitted at the Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania for a 3-week multidisciplinary body weight reduction program were selected. Anthropometric parameters (stature, body mass, BMI, and waist and hip circumference) were collected, and body composition (lean and fat mass) was determined using the tetrapolar bioimpedance analysis (BIA) technique. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using standard techniques. MASLD was diagnosed based on abdominal ultrasound results. Results: WHtR (65.76%) was the most sensitive compared with other indexes. The HSI (AUC: 0.67 (0.63-0.71, 95% CI), p-value < 0.05) showed the best performance in predicting MASLD, with the threshold for having MASLD considered at 48.22. The indexes that showed the worst performance in predicting MASLD were the MetS z-score (AUC: 0.56 (0.52-0.60)) and the VAI (AUC: 0.57 (0.52-0.61)). ALT (OR: 2.92 (2.29-3.77); 95% CI) and AST (OR: 2.52 (2.03-3.20)) were the parameters with a stronger correlation with MASLD. Conclusions: The most sensitive index for diagnosing MASLD was the WHtR, based exclusively on anthropometric parameters. HSI was the index that correlated the most with MASLD, while the parameters of liver function (ALT and AST) were the most strongly correlated with the disease and its severity.

Associations between metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction: evidence from the NHANES 2001-2004

Background and objectives

Erectile dysfunction is a common clinical condition that seriously affects the quality of life and mental health of men and their partners. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most important public health problem threatening men's health worldwide, and its current prevalence continues to grow. This study examines the relationship between metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction (ED).

Method

We conducted a cross-sectional study with data were sourced from NHANES 2001-2004. In this study, the relationship between METS-VF and ED was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, followed by subgroup analyses to identify sensitive populations. Comparative logistic regression of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve assessed the diagnostic capability of METS-VF against the classical obesity index for ED. Creating Predictive Histograms for ED Patients and assess the net benefit of the model through Decision Curve Analysis (DCA).

Results

The study enrolled 1,374 participants, of whom 545 self-reported ED history. There was a significant positive association between metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction (ED). The risk of ED in people with metabolic syndrome was 2.32 times higher than that in people without metabolic syndrome (dominance ratio = 2.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.83-2.96, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis highlighted a stronger correlation in participants aged 50-85 years, hypertensive individuals, and those with large belly circumference. A histogram model including three variables: metabolic syndrome, age and smoking status was constructed to predict the probability of ED occurrence. And decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the net benefit of its nomogram model at different high-risk thresholds. The high clinical utility of the model under different thresholds was illustrated.

Conclusion

The risk of ED in people with metabolic syndrome was 2.32 times higher than that in people without metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, this observed positive correlation emphasizes the need for increased vigilance in patients with advanced age, smoking, and MetS.

Association of Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) with Gout Risk in Patients with Hypertension and Hyperuricemia: A Multicenter Study Based on the Chinese Population

Background

Gout, a rheumatic disease precipitated by hyperuricemia, has become a global health concern due to its increasing prevalence, especially in China. Hyperuricemia and hypertension are significant risk factors for gout, and their coexistence amplifies this risk. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays a crucial role in cardiometabolic diseases, and the metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) is a non-invasive tool for estimating VAT and predicting cardiometabolic risk.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 8877 patients with hypertension and hyperuricemia from three Chinese medical centers between March 2021 and September 2024. We calculated the METS-VF and other obesity indices and analyzed their associations with gout risk using logistic regression models. The predictive performance of these indices was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

The METS-VF demonstrated a significant positive association with gout risk, independent of traditional risk factors. Each 1-standard deviation increase in the METS-VF was associated with an 82% higher odds of gout (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.62 to 2.03). The METS-VF outperformed other obesity indices in predicting gout risk, with a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) value. DCA indicated that the METS-VF provided a significant net benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities for predicting gout risk in both genders.

Conclusion

The METS-VF's robust association with gout risk in our multicenter study, independent of conventional risk factors, positions it as a potent predictor for gout. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and the long-term predictive validity of the METS-VF across diverse populations.

Global trends of laser bone ablation: bibliometric analysis of publications from 1979 to 2023

Objectives

The objective of the bibliometric analysis was to quantify and identify the current status and trends of laser bone ablation research from 1979 to 2023.

Materials and methods

The Web of Science (WOS) core collection database was used to search for articles on laser bone ablation published from 1979 to 2023. The collected data were then imported into Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace for detailed analysis and visualization.

Results

A total of 383 articles were included for analysis. The United States made the most significant contributions to the field in terms of both quantity and quality. Moreover, Cattin, Philippe C emerged as the author with the highest number of publications, while the University of Basel stood out as the institution with the greatest publication output. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine emerged as not only the journal with the most publications but also held considerable influence within its domain. Prominent keywords that surfaced frequently included "ablation," "er:yag laser," and "bone."

Conclusion

The annual number of publications in the field of laser bone ablation is showing an overall upward trend. Research on laser bone ablation primarily focuses on investigating the parameters of this technique, as well as its application in treating bone tumors, performing laser stapes surgery, and various applications of laser bone ablation. The laser osteotomy, laser ablation of bone tumors, animal experiments, and the interaction with biological tissues during laser bone ablation are expected to be the focal areas and future directions in this field.

Global research landscape on nanotechnology in acute lung injury: a bibliometric analysis

Background

Acute lung injury is a common respiratory emergency that seriously affects the life, health and quality of life of patients, especially after the global COVID-19 pneumonia. The application of nanotechnology in acute lung injury is promising. In response to the knowledge explosion resulting from rapid publication growth, we applied bibliometric analysis to explore the research profile and thematic trends in the field.

Methods

Articles and reviews related to nanotechnology in acute lung injury from 2004 to 2023 were searched. Java-based Citespace, VOSviewer, and R software-based Bibiometrix were used to systematically evaluate publications by spatiotemporal distribution, author distribution, subject categories, topic distribution, references, and keywords.

Results

A total of 1,347 publications were included. The number of papers related to nanotechnology in acute lung injury has grown exponentially over the past 20 years. China was the most productive country out of all 53 countries, followed by the United States. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institution with 76 papers. PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY was the most productive journal. The top five high-frequency keywords were inflammation, oxidative stress, toxicity, in vitro, respiratory-distress-syndrome. And the top five emerging keywords were delivery, covid-19, extracellular vesicles, therapy, sars-cov-2. Drug delivery are the focus of current research. Two emerging research areas represented the development trends: novel nanocarriers with higher efficiency and lower biotoxicity, and the other is research related to impact of nanomaterials in the progression of acute lung injury.

Conclusion

The field of nanotechnology in acute lung injury has been in a period of rapid development in the last three years. Delivery,targeted delivery and exosm have been the focus of current research in this field. Two emerging research areas represented the development trends:novel nanocarriers with higher efficiency and lower biotoxicity such as extracellular vesicles, exosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, and the other is research related to impact of nanomaterials in the progression of acute lung injury.

Management of Pulmonary Embolism With Thrombus in Transit: A Case Series and an Updated Clinical Insight Review

Clot-in-transit (CIT) refers to a thrombus temporarily lodged in the right heart chambers, representing a critical and rare complication of venous thromboembolism, particularly in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). This condition poses a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. This report provides a comprehensive overview of CIT in the context of PE, focusing on its definition, etiopathogenesis, risk classification, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and treatment options. A retrospective review of CIT cases in PE patients at our institution was conducted, complemented by a detailed literature review. Data were analyzed to highlight the clinical findings, imaging results, and diverse treatment strategies employed. Five cases of CIT associated with PE are presented, illustrating varied risk factors, clinical presentations, and imaging findings. Treatment modalities included anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and surgical thrombectomy. Each case underscores the diagnostic challenges and management complexities inherent to CIT. CIT is a life-threatening complication of pulmonary thromboembolism. Early identification and individualized treatment are essential for improving outcomes. This case series provides valuable insights into CIT management and emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches for optimal patient care.

Association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, obesity-related indices, and the 10-year incident risk score of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: The rural Chinese cohort study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Although existing evidence suggests that arterial stiffness and obesity impact cardiovascular health, limited studies have been conducted to explore the association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), obesity-related indices, and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

METHODS AND RESULTS

The study participants were among those who completed the baPWV measurement at the second follow-up examination (during 2018-2020) of the Rural Chinese Cohort Study. Logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of the 10-year incident risk score of ASCVD associated with baPWV and obesity-related indices. Mediation analysis was applied to investigate the role of baPWV in the obesity-induced 10-year incident risk score of ASCVD. A total of 1589 individuals, including 573 men and 1016 women, were included in the study. In logistic regression analyses, the highest quartile levels of baPWV and obesity-related indices all significantly increased the 10-year incident risk score of ASCVD compared to their corresponding lowest quartiles. The ORs (95%CIs) of ASCVD 10-year incident risk score risk were 4.21(2.55-6.94) for baPWV, 4.43(2.69-7.29) for METS-VF, 7.20(4.09-12.66) for CVAI, 3.38(2.12-5.38) for CI, and 2.40(1.54-3.75) for ABSI. The indirect effect of baPWV accounted for 5.85 %, 7.92 %, 14.56 %, and 5.08 % of the total effects for METS-VF, CVAI, CI, and ABSI, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This study found that elevated levels of both baPWV and obesity-related indices were associated with a higher 10-year incident risk score of ASCVD. Additionally, baPWV partially mediated the obesity-related increase in 10-year incident risk score of ASCVD.

Added value of 18Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MRI for evaluation of failed back surgery syndrome: comparison with non-contrast MRI

OBJECTIVES

Given increasing research suggesting the utility of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in identifying the pain generator of low back pain, our study aims to assess its effectiveness in evaluating the source of pain in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) by comparing the performance of fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MRI with conventional MRI.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with FBSS who underwent 18F-FDG PET and MRI of the lumbar vertebrae and lower extremities for undetermined sources of pain. We assessed 1) The diagnostic reliability and efficacy of MRI and 18F-FDG PET/MRI according to correct differential diagnosis, affected level, and affected side of the pain source compared to the findings of selective root or peripheral nerve block or revision lumbar spine surgery; and 2) The association between standardized uptake value (SUV) and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) threshold and accuracy of the suspected pathology on 18F-FDG PET/MRI.

RESULTS

Among 30 included patients, the diagnostic accuracy of pain source recognition was higher for 18F-FDG PET/MRI than for MRI alone (1.0 vs. 0.4 in spinal disease and 0.8 vs. 0 in lower extremity disease, both p < 0.05). SUVR values of 1.4-1.5 showed the highest accuracy (0.93), higher than the accuracy obtained using the SUV threshold (0.87).

CONCLUSION

18F-FDG PET/MRI added value to MRI alone in detecting of hypermetabolic activity associated with pain from spinal and non-spinal sources.

Standardized patient simulation in nursing education: A bibliometric analysis and visualization from 2002 to 2024

AIM

This study employed a bibliometric analysis to examine the existing literature on the use of standardised patient simulation in nursing education.

BACKGROUND

SP simulation offers students the opportunity to directly interact with a range of nursing interventions and practices. It demonstrates that SP simulation can be used as an active learning methodology in nursing education.

DESIGN

Bibliometric and content analysis.

METHODS

The data set was obtained from the Web of Science database. The sample comprised 310 publications that fulfilled the a priori defined inclusion criteria. The data were subjected to both descriptive content analysis and bibliometric analysis. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, a software program designed for the mapping and visualisation of bibliometric data.

RESULTS

A total of 198 publications were published in 2002-2024. The publications had 3042 citations. Nurse Education Today has the highest number of publications and citations. In terms of authors, Elcin was the author with the highest number of citations (n = 186). In accordance with the findings of the trend topic analysis, the keywords 'simulation', 'nursing education', 'standardised patient' and 'nursing students' emerged in the field.

CONCLUSION

The number of studies examining the efficacy of using standard patient simulators in nursing education has seen a notable increase in recent years. The findings of this study may offer researchers and nursing faculties new insights into the value of incorporating standardised patient simulation into nursing education, as well as potential applications of such an approach.

Definition of cage subsidence in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) approach and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) approach - A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Although cage subsidence is one of the most common phenomenona associated with interbody fusions and was characterized more than 70 years ago, a standardized method for its measurement, detection, and reporting among different lumbar fusion procedures does not exist. Here, we review previously published literature on cage subsidence to present the most common methods for defining subsidence in the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) techniques.

METHODS

A search was completed in PubMed and Embase with inclusion criteria focused on identifying any study that provided descriptions of the method, imaging modality, and subsidence threshold used to define the presence of cage subsidence in study articles published between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2022.

RESULTS

A total of 54 studies were included in the final analysis. Among them, 32 (59.2 %) reported on TLIF, 20 (37.1 %) reported on PLIF, and 2 studies (3.7 %) reported on both approaches. For TLIF and PLIF procedures, the preferred method to determine subsidence was cage migration into the vertebral bodies rather than changes in disc height. In the TLIF group, the predominant criteria for defining subsidence were thresholds of ≥ 2 mm and > 2 mm utilized in each of 10 of the 34 studies (58.8 %). Similarly, in the PLIF group, the common criterion for defining subsidence was also ≥ 2 mm, observed in 5 of 22 studies (22.7 %), with > 2 mm observed in 4 studies (18.2 %). The methods for assessing cage migration or disc height change varied substantially among studies, with none of the measurements being consistently applied in more than 50 % of the studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Inconsistency persists in the methods used to determine, report, or measure the degree of subsidence. Surgeons and researchers should standardize these methods to ensure consistency and generalizability in reporting and studying subsidence.

Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare, life-threatening condition that can be associated with connective tissue disease (CTD). The incidence and prevalence of PH in CTD varies by disease, whereby certain disease manifestations are particularly associated with PH; nonetheless, once present, PH is almost uniformly a major driver of adverse outcomes. In this paper, the authors review the published literature on major CTDs, including systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and summarize the risk factors for developing PH in each disease and risk factors for adverse outcomes and mortality among patients with CTD-PH. This review highlights the need for early diagnosis of PH in CTD and the impact of PH overlap syndromes on patient outcomes, providing the practicing clinician with a practical summary of CTD-PH.

Cluster analysis of diet and lifestyle factors associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: findings from Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

PURPOSE

As the global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) continues to increase, its early detection is crucial. We investigated the combined effects of various factors on MASLD development to enhance the understanding of individuals at high risk of MASLD.

METHODS

A total of 4670 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were included. Cluster analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were conducted to identify distinct risk factor clusters and evaluate their association with MASLD incidence.

RESULTS

Four clusters were identified based on lifestyle characteristics: Cluster 1 (LA)-low activity, Cluster 2 (HPF)-lowest carbohydrate intake with high protein and fat intake, Cluster 3 (HC)-highest carbohydrate intake with low protein and fat intake, and Cluster 4 (ASC)-highest alcohol consumption and smoking levels. Cluster 4 (ASC) exhibited the highest cumulative incidence of MASLD, followed by Cluster 3 (HC). Compared to Clusters 1, 2, and 3, Cluster 4 (ASC) had significantly higher hazard ratios (HRs) for MASLD incidence (HR: 1.35 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.19-1.53]; p < 0.001, HR: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.14-1.50]; p < 0.001, and HR: 1.22 [95% CI: 1.07-1.38]; p = 0.002, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Clusters exhibiting various risk factor phenotypes were identified, and smoking, alcohol consumption, and carbohydrate intake were significantly associated with a higher risk of MASLD. Our findings support the importance of early screening and personalized approaches for individuals at high risk of MASLD.

The matricellular protein Fibulin-5 regulates β-cell proliferation in an autocrine/paracrine manner

The matricellular protein Fibulin-5 (Fbln5) is a secreted protein that is essential for elastic fiber formation, and pancreatic islets are usually surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM), which includes elastic fibers. However, much uncertainty remains regarding the function of the ECM and its components in β-cells. Here, we describe the role of Fbln5 in β-cell replication. Fbln5 expression was increased upon glucose stimulation in β-cells of mouse and human islets. β-Cell-specific Fbln5-knockout (βFbln5KO) mice exhibit significantly reduced β-cell proliferation in vivo but not in vitro. Secreted extracellular Fbln5 enhances β-cell replication. Fbln5-deficient β-cells exhibit the downregulated expression of the gene encoding Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which is accompanied by ERK-mediated FoxM1 nuclear export. These data suggest that Fbln5 is secreted from β-cells in response to glucose and plays important roles in the appropriate maintenance of β-cell functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner.

The Clinical Research Landscape of Intracranial Nicardipine for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Insights From Bibliometric Analysis

Background

The 2023 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guideline and Wessels et al's 2024 randomized controlled trial highlight the potential benefits of intracranial nicardipine for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This study aims to systematically identify the publication trends and research hotspots in this field through bibliometric analysis.

Methods

Relevant publications were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometric and visualization analyses were conducted using the online tools of the WoSCC database and CiteSpace 6.2.R6.

Results

Analysis of 28 articles published by 158 researchers from 55 institutions across 8 countries revealed an intermittent small-scale growth in annual publication volume from 1994 to 2024, with a continuous rise in annual citation volume since 2005, indicating growing interest in the field. Japan, Germany, and the United States of America (USA) were the most prolific and influential countries. Institutions such as Tokyo Women's Medical University showed particularly significant contributions. Kasuya Hidetoshi was the most prolific author. There was little global collaboration among countries, institutions, and authors, with distinct regional research characteristics: Japan and Germany focused on intracranial implants, while the USA concentrated on intrathecal injections. Major publishing and co-cited journals included Neurocritical Care, Acta Neurochirurgica, Journal of Neurosurgery, and Stroke. Popular keywords in 2024 included "preventing cerebral vasospasm", "delayed cerebral ischemia", "outcome events", and "clinical trials", revealing current research hotspots.

Conclusion

This study maps the global clinical research landscape of intracranial application of nicardipine for aSAH from 1994 to 2024, providing valuable references and guidance for future research.

Association between visceral fat area and metabolic syndrome in individuals with normal body weight: insights from a Chinese health screening dataset

BACKGROUND

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly diagnosed in individuals with normal body weight, and visceral fat emerges as a significant risk factor. However, the relationship between visceral fat area (VFA) and MetS within this population remains inadequately explored, and the diagnostic threshold for MetS in normal-weight individuals is yet to be established.

METHODS

This study used a cross-sectional design combined with longitudinal cohort analysis. Data were collected from 5,944 normal-weight participants who underwent health screenings at Henan Provincial People's Hospital of China between October 2018 and October 2024. VFA was measured via multislice computed tomography scanning, and VFA-based tertile categorization was applied among the participants. The relationship between VFA and MetS was examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Nonlinear relationship was investigated by restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, and diagnostic accuracy was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Furthermore, data from individuals who completed three or more screenings were used to construct Kaplan-Meier survival curves for MetS events, with significance tested using the log-rank method.

RESULTS

Among the individuals with a normal BMI, elevated VFA was associated with a high incidence of MetS. After the adjustment for confounders, VFA was significantly associated with MetS risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.25]. The subjects in the highest VFA tertile showed significantly elevated MetS risk (OR = 30.33; 95% CI: 19.00-48.43, P < 0.001) versus those in the lowest tertile. The RCS model demonstrated a nonlinear, positive association between VFA and MetS risk (P for nonlinearity < 0.001), with risk escalation slowing down when the VFA exceeded 100 cm². ROC analysis showed that VFA had the highest diagnostic accuracy for MetS compared with other abdominal fat measures (AUC = 0.844, sensitivity = 0.839, specificity = 0.793, and accuracy = 0.785). In a longitudinal subset of 398 normal-weight participants followed for 6 years, 106 MetS cases occurred, with cumulative incidence rising as VFA increased (log-rank test, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

VFA shows an independent, nonlinear, positive association with MetS risk among normal-weight individuals, with a threshold effect at 100 cm². VFA = 162.85 cm² may serve as an accurate and effective predictor for MetS in this population.

Demonstration of therapeutic effect of plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine biopolymer in rhesus monkey with complete spinal cord section

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause paralysis, and although multiple therapeutic proposals have been developed in murine models, results have hardly been replicated in humans. As non-human primates (NHP) are more similar to humans than rodents, the current study investigated whether it was possible to reproduce in a NHP, the previously obtained beneficial results by using a plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine (PPy/I) biopolymer, which reduce glial scar formation and inflammatory response and promotes nerve tissue preservation, regenerative processes and functional recovery in rats. In NHPs (Rhesus monkey) with SCI by complete transection (SCT) and with plasma-synthesized PPy/I application (experimental) or without (control), the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood, preservation of nervous tissue through magnetic resonance imaging and histological and morphometric techniques, regeneration through immunohistochemistry study and functional recovery through clinical examination, were evaluated. Control NHP showed a markedly increased of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. experimental NHP, which preserved more nerve tissue. At the end of the follow-up, a thinner glial scar in the injured spinal cord was observed in the experimental NHP as well as regenerative nerve processes (NeuN and β-III tubulin expression), while control NHP had a marked glial scar, large cysts and less nerve tissue at the injured zone. Plasma-synthesized PPy/I also reduced the loss of pelvic limb muscle mass and allowed the experimental NHP recovered knee-jerk, withdrawal and plantar reflexes as well as movement in the hind limbs. Since most of the beneficial effects of plasma-synthesized PPy/I previously reported in rats were also observed in the NHP, these preliminary findings make their replication in humans with SCI more likely.

Genetics of Long COVID: Exploring the Molecular Drivers of Persistent Pulmonary Vascular Disease Symptoms

Background/ Objectives: Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) are symptoms that manifest despite passing the acute infection phase. These manifestations encompass a wide range of symptoms, the most common being fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction. Genetic predisposition is clearly involved in the susceptibility of individuals to developing these persistent symptoms and the variation in the severity and forms. This review summarizes the role of genetic factors and gene polymorphisms in the development of major pulmonary vascular disorders associated with long COVID. Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted to examine the genetic contributions to pulmonary complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies investigating genetic polymorphisms linked to pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary thromboembolism, and pulmonary vascular endothelialitis were reviewed and summarized. Results: Findings show that specific genetic variants contribute to increased susceptibility to pulmonary vascular complications in long COVID patients. Variants associated with endothelial dysfunction, coagulation pathways, and inflammatory responses have been implicated in the development of pulmonary hypertension and thromboembolic events. Genetic predispositions influencing vascular integrity and immune responses appear to influence disease severity and progression. Conclusions: Understanding these mechanisms and genetic predispositions could pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions to alleviate the burden on patients experiencing long COVID.

Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure as Long-Term Mortality Predictor in Elderly Critically Ill with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 can cause acute pulmonary hypertension (PH), worsening outcomes in critically ill elderly patients. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), assessing right ventricular hemodynamics, predicts short-term outcomes. This study examines the long-term impact of acute PH on mortality in elderly COVID-19 patients.

METHODS

This retrospective long-term study analyzed data from patients over 70 years old with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to a mixed 25-bed, level 3 intensive care unit (ICU). POCUS focused on systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) at admission. Mortality was evaluated 1000 days post-admission.

RESULTS

The study included 130 patients, comprising 30 long-term survivors and 100 non-survivors, with a cumulative long-term mortality rate of 77%. Non-survivors had significantly higher sPAP values (39.1 ± 12.8 vs. 30.4 ± 9.2, p = 0.04), which were associated with long-term mortality in survival analysis.

CONCLUSION

Acute pulmonary hypertension (PH), reflected by elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), is strongly associated with long-term mortality in elderly critically ill COVID-19 patients. Early assessment of sPAP via POCUS may help identify high-risk patients and guide management strategies to improve outcomes.

The association between visceral fat metabolic score and stroke: mediation by declining kidney function

BACKGROUND

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF), a metric of visceral obesity, has emerged as a novel predictor of metabolic diseases. However, its association with stroke remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between METS-VF and the risk of stroke, as well as the potential mediating role of kidney function.

METHODS

Data from the 1999-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed, including 19,109 participants. Weighted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between METS-VF and stroke risk, with restricted cubic splines employed to explore their non-linear relationships. Mediation analysis examined the role of kidney function, measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses, including propensity score matching (PSM) and multiple imputations, were conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings.

RESULTS

Higher METS-VF was significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.71-4.52, P < 0.001) after adjusting for multiple covariates. A non-linear relationship was observed, with stroke risk sharply increasing when METS-VF exceeded 7.00. Mediation analysis revealed that declining eGFR mediated 26.72% of the METS-VF-stroke association. Subgroup analysis indicated that the association was stronger in men (OR = 5.06, 95% CI: 2.80-9.12, P < 0.001) than in women (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.03-3.92, P = 0.04, P for interaction = 0.01). Sensitivity analyses using PSM and multiple imputations confirmed the robustness of the results.

CONCLUSIONS

METS-VF is independently associated with stroke risk, showing a non-linear relationship, with a potential mediating role of declining kidney function.

Imaging of the postoperative spine

There has been a significant increase in the number of spinal surgical procedures performed over the last few decades, resulting in a proportionate increase in the number of postoperative imaging studies.An exhaustive literature search was performed along with consideration of various guidelines and expert opinions regarding postoperative spine imaging. Complications are divided into early (in the first few weeks) and delayed, depending on the time of onset. Some complications occurring in the early postoperative period are common for both the instrumented and non-instrumented spine. Delayed complications are specific to the type of surgery performed and have been described as such. This review discusses the normal postoperative appearance and the various early and delayed complications.An understanding of the normal postoperative appearance is pertinent to distinguish normal from abnormal. A plain radiograph is the primary imaging modality for immediate postoperative assessment and long-term follow-up after spinal instrumentation. MRI with or without contrast is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of the postoperative spine. CT is the best modality for the assessment of the instrumented spine and status of bony fusion. Imaging assessment of the postoperative spine is complex and requires knowledge of key factors for interpretation like indications for the initial surgical procedure, type and approach of the surgical procedure, instrumentation used, time elapsed since surgery, and clinical complaints. · For proper interpretation of the postoperative spine, it is very important to understand the indication and type of spinal procedure involved. · Baseline postoperative radiographs are important to detect any change in the position of metalwork and implant integration.. · Computed tomography is the modality of choice to evaluate bony fusion and metalwork-specific complications. · Postoperative fluid collection is the most common early complication and MRI is the imaging modality of choice for the identification of the same.. · Intravenous gadolinium is helpful to differentiate between scar/vascularized granulation tissue and recurrent or residual disc.. · Kaur S, Lalam R, Trivedi R. Imaging of the postoperative spine. Rofo 2025; DOI 10.1055/a-2507-8347.