501
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Emamalipour M, Seidi K, Zununi Vahed S, Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Jaymand M, Majdi H, Amoozgar Z, Chitkushev LT, Javaheri T, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Zare P. Horizontal Gene Transfer: From Evolutionary Flexibility to Disease Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:229. [PMID: 32509768 PMCID: PMC7248198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexibility in the exchange of genetic material takes place between different organisms of the same or different species. This phenomenon is known to play a key role in the genetic, physiological, and ecological performance of the host. Exchange of genetic materials can cause both beneficial and/or adverse biological consequences. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) as a general mechanism leads to biodiversity and biological innovations in nature. HGT mediators are one of the genetic engineering tools used for selective introduction of desired changes in the genome for gene/cell therapy purposes. HGT, however, is crucial in development, emergence, and recurrence of various human-related diseases, such as cancer, genetic-, metabolic-, and neurodegenerative disorders and can negatively affect the therapeutic outcome by promoting resistant forms or disrupting the performance of genome editing toolkits. Because of the importance of HGT and its vital physio- and pathological roles, here the variety of HGT mechanisms are reviewed, ranging from extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanotubes in prokaryotes to cell-free DNA and apoptotic bodies in eukaryotes. Next, we argue that HGT plays a role both in the development of useful features and in pathological states associated with emerging and recurrent forms of the disease. A better understanding of the different HGT mediators and their genome-altering effects/potentials may pave the way for the development of more effective therapeutic and diagnostic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emamalipour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hasan Majdi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - L T Chitkushev
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Health Informatics Lab, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Health Informatics Lab, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Dioscuri Center of Chromatin Biology and Epigenomics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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502
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Wei R, Zhang X, Wang C, Feng M. Proinflammatory macrophage-derived microvesicles exhibit tumor tropism dependent on CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis and promote drug delivery via SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. Theranostics 2020; 10:6581-6598. [PMID: 32550891 PMCID: PMC7295053 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exosome (Exo)-based chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated; however, the therapeutic potential of other subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs), in particular microvesicles (MiV), seem to be overlooked. Moreover, despite a general agreement on organ tropism of EVs, few studies have clearly demonstrated that EVs specifically target tumor tissue. Methods: Proinflammatory macrophage-derived EV subpopulations comprising apoptotic bodies (ApB), MiV and Exo were isolated under differential ultracentrifugation, and further analyzed using comparative proteomic and lipid approach. Results: On the basis of EV biogenesis pathways, our data demonstrated that MiV acquire the tumor-targeting capacity probably through inheritance of CCR2-enriched cell membrane which also drives the recruitment of donor cells to tumor sites. Further, our data validate MiV utilize SNARE-mediated membrane fusion to directly discharge doxorubicin to nucleus and bypass endocytic degradation. Conclusions: Compared with other EV subtypes, MiV loaded with doxorubicin gain significant benefits in chemotherapeutic outcomes including survival rate improvements in metastatic ovarian cancer. Therefore, MiV represent a potent alterative to Exo and synthetic liposomes (Lipo) for tumor-targeting drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Runxiu Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Cuifeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Min Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
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503
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Proteomic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Implicated in Cellular Transformation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7713. [PMID: 32382024 PMCID: PMC7205864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles secreted from tumor cells are functional vehicles capable of contributing to intercellular communication and metastasis. A growing number of studies have focused on elucidating the role that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles play in spreading pancreatic cancer to other organs, due to the highly metastatic nature of the disease. We recently showed that small extracellular vesicles secreted from pancreatic cancer cells could initiate malignant transformation of healthy cells. Here, we analyzed the protein cargo contained within these vesicles using mass spectrometry-based proteomics to better understand their makeup and biological characteristics. Three different human pancreatic cancer cell lines were compared to normal pancreatic epithelial cells revealing distinct differences in protein cargo between cancer and normal vesicles. Vesicles from cancer cells contain an enrichment of proteins that function in the endosomal compartment of cells responsible for vesicle formation and secretion in addition to proteins that have been shown to contribute to oncogenic cell transformation. Conversely, vesicles from normal pancreatic cells were shown to be enriched for immune response proteins. Collectively, results contribute to what we know about the cargo contained within or excluded from cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles, supporting their role in biological processes including metastasis and cancer progression.
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504
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Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Convey Protein Signatures that Reflect Pathophysiology in Lung and Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051147. [PMID: 32370304 PMCID: PMC7281335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a combination of mass-spectrometry and aptamer array-based proteomics, we characterized the protein features of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the context of lung (LUAD) and pancreatic ductal (PDAC) adenocarcinomas. We profiled EVs isolated from conditioned media of LUAD and PDAC cell lines to identify EV-associated protein cargoes released by these cancer cell types. Analysis of the resulting data identified LUAD and PDAC specific and pan-adenocarcinoma EV protein signatures. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed enrichment of proteins annotated to vesicle-associated processes and intracellular compartments, as well as representation of cancer hallmark functions and processes. Analysis of upstream regulator networks indicated significant enrichment of TP53, MYC, TGFB1 and KRAS-driven network effectors (p = 1.69 × 10-77-2.93 × 10-49) manifest in the adenocarcinoma sEV protein cargoes. We extended these findings by profiling the proteome of EVs isolated from lung (N = 15) and pancreatic ductal (N = 6) adenocarcinoma patient plasmas obtained at time of diagnosis, along with EVs derived from matched healthy controls (N = 21). Exploration of these proteomic data revealed abundant protein features in the plasma EVs with capacity to distinguish LUAD and PDAC cases from controls, including features yielding higher performance in the plasma EV isolates relative to unfractionated plasmas.
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505
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Ozaki Tan SJ, Floriano JF, Nicastro L, Emanueli C, Catapano F. Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E707. [PMID: 32370160 PMCID: PMC7277090 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, representing approximately a third of all deaths every year. The greater part of these cases is represented by myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack as it is better known, which occurs when declining blood flow to the heart causes injury to cardiac tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that represent a promising vector for cell therapies that aim to treat MI due to their potent regenerative effects. However, it remains unclear the extent to which MSC-based therapies are able to induce regeneration in the heart and even less clear the degree to which clinical outcomes could be improved. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) known to have implications in intracellular communication, derived from MSCs (MSC-Exos), have recently emerged as a novel cell-free vector that is capable of conferring cardio-protection and regeneration in target cardiac cells. In this review, we assess the current state of research of MSC-Exos in the context of MI. In particular, we place emphasis on the mechanisms of action by which MSC-Exos accomplish their therapeutic effects, along with commentary on the current difficulties faced with exosome research and the ongoing clinical applications of stem-cell derived exosomes in different medical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Joseph Ozaki Tan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Juliana Ferreria Floriano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil
| | - Laura Nicastro
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Francesco Catapano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
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506
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Chung KY, Quek JM, Neo SH, Too HP. Polymer-Based Precipitation of Extracellular Vesicular miRNAs from Serum Improve Gastric Cancer miRNA Biomarker Performance. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:610-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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507
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Sapoń K, Gawrońska I, Janas T, Sikorski AF, Janas T. Exosome-associated polysialic acid modulates membrane potentials, membrane thermotropic properties, and raft-dependent interactions between vesicles. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1685-1697. [PMID: 32279314 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, polysialic acid (polySia) attached to a small number of transmembrane protein carriers occurs on the surface of plasma membranes of neural, cancer, immune, and placental trophoblast cells. Here, our goal was to demonstrate the presence of polySia on exosomes and its effect on membrane properties. We isolated exosomes and found that polysialylated exosomes in fetal bovine serum originate mostly from placental trophoblasts, while in calf bovine serum, they originate from immune cells. Enzymatic removal of polySia chains from the exosomal surface makes the membrane surface potential more positive, transmembrane potential more negative, and reduces the activation energy for membrane anisotropy changes. We demonstrate for the first time that exosomes could interact through polySia-raft interactions. We suggest that polysialylation of exosomal membrane can have a thermo-protecting effect and can modulate exosome-plasma membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Poland.,Research and Development Centre, General Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
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508
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LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Exosomes as a Multicomponent Biomarker Platform in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:767-774. [PMID: 32307267 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that is associated with genetic aberrations and subsequent cellular and noncellular host responses. Tumors harbor diverse cell types that engage in a dynamic interplay to sustain cancer-specific signaling networks. A component of such cellular communication is the production and exchange of various types of extracellular vesicle (EV). Exosomes are small EVs with growing recognition for their role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy. The unique biogenesis of exosomes, their ubiquitous production by all cell types, and their biological features in liquid biopsies have generated excitement for their potential as cancer biomarkers. Here, we discuss the challenges and utility of exosomes as multiparameter biomarker platforms for the detection of cancer. Exosomes reflect heterogeneous biological changes associated with growing tumors, potentially offering a more comprehensive assessment of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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509
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Elsharkasy OM, Nordin JZ, Hagey DW, de Jong OG, Schiffelers RM, Andaloussi SEL, Vader P. Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Why and how? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:332-343. [PMID: 32305351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a multitude of synthetic drug delivery systems has been developed and introduced to the market. However, applications of such systems are limited due to inefficiency, cytotoxicity and/or immunogenicity. At the same time, the field of natural drug carrier systems has grown rapidly. One of the most prominent examples of such natural carriers are extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are cell-derived membranous particles which play important roles in intercellular communication. EVs possess a number of characteristics that qualify them as promising vehicles for drug delivery. In order to take advantage of these attributes, an in-depth understanding of why EVs are such unique carrier systems and how we can exploit their qualities is pivotal. Here, we review unique EV features that are relevant for drug delivery and highlight emerging strategies to make use of those features for drug loading and targeted delivery.
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510
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Ahmadzada T, Kao S, Reid G, Clarke S, Grau GE, Hosseini-Beheshti E. Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 150:102949. [PMID: 32330840 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secreted by all cells, including cancer cells, as a mode of intercellular transport and communication. The main types of EV known to date include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, as well as oncosomes and large oncosomes, which are specific to cancer cells. These different EV populations carry specific cargo from one cell to another to stimulate a specific response. They can be found in all body fluids and can be detected in liquid biopsies. EV released from mesothelioma cells can reveal important information about the molecules and signalling pathways involved in the development and progression of the tumour. The presence of tumour-derived EV in circulating body fluids makes them potential novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication and surveillance of cancer. In this review, we explore the characteristics and functional roles of EV reported in the literature, with a focus on their role in malignant pleural mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamkin Ahmadzada
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Steven Kao
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georges E Grau
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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511
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Kim D, Woo HK, Lee C, Min Y, Kumar S, Sunkara V, Jo HG, Lee YJ, Kim J, Ha HK, Cho YK. EV-Ident: Identifying Tumor-Specific Extracellular Vesicles by Size Fractionation and Single-Vesicle Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6010-6018. [PMID: 32207920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source of circulating biomarkers for liquid biopsies. However, understanding the heterogeneous physical and biochemical properties of EVs originating from multiple complex biogenesis pathways remains a major challenge. Here, we introduce EV-Ident for preparation of subpopulations of EVs in three different size fractions: large EVs (EV200 nm; 200-1 000 nm), medium EVs (EV100 nm; 100-200 nm), and small EVs (EV20 nm; 20-100 nm). Furthermore, this technology enables the in situ labeling of fluorescence markers for the protein profiling of individual EVs. As a proof-of-concept, we analyzed the presence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in breast cancer and prostate cancer cell-derived EVs, respectively, using three different size fractions at the single-EV level. By reducing the complexity of EV heterogeneity in each size fraction, we found that HER2-positive breast cancer cells showed the greatest expression of HER2 in EV20 nm, whereas PSMA expression was the highest in EV200 nm derived from PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells. This increase in HER2 expression in EV20 nm and PSMA expression in EV200 nm was further confirmed in plasma-derived nanoparticles (PNPs) obtained from breast and prostate cancer patients, respectively. Our study demonstrates that single-EV analysis using EV-Ident provides a practical way to understand EV heterogeneity and to successfully identify potent subpopulation of EVs for breast and prostate cancer, which has promising translational implications for cancer theranostics. Furthermore, these findings have the potential to address fundamental questions surrounding the biology and clinical applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoung Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Woo
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Lee
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohong Min
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Gyeong Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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512
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Extracellular Vesicles in Feto-Maternal Crosstalk and Pregnancy Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062120. [PMID: 32204473 PMCID: PMC7139847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) actively participate in inter-cellular crosstalk and have progressively emerged as key players of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. For these reasons, EVs are attracting the attention of many investigators across different biomedical fields. In this scenario, the possibility to study specific placental-derived EVs in the maternal peripheral blood may open novel perspectives in the development of new early biomarkers for major obstetric pathological conditions. Here we reviewed the involvement of EVs in feto–maternal crosstalk mechanisms, both in physiological and pathological conditions (preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, gestational diabetes mellitus), also underlining the usefulness of EV characterization in maternal–fetal medicine.
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513
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Srivastava A, Amreddy N, Pareek V, Chinnappan M, Ahmed R, Mehta M, Razaq M, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Progress in extracellular vesicle biology and their application in cancer medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1621. [PMID: 32131140 PMCID: PMC7317410 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Under the broader category of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes are now well recognized for their contribution and potential for biomedical research. During the last ten years, numerous technologies for purification and characterization of EVs have been developed. This enhanced knowledge has resulted in the development of novel applications of EVs. This review is an attempt to capture the exponential growth observed in EV science in the last decade and discuss the future potential to improve our understanding of EVs, develop technologies to overcome current limitations, and advance their utility for human benefit, especially in cancer medicine. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Vipul Pareek
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mahendran Chinnappan
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rebaz Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mohammad Razaq
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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514
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Kumar R, Tang Q, Müller SA, Gao P, Mahlstedt D, Zampagni S, Tan Y, Klingl A, Bötzel K, Lichtenthaler SF, Höglinger GU, Koeglsperger T. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Exosome Release Depends on VAMP3/Cellubrevin in Hippocampal Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902372. [PMID: 32195080 PMCID: PMC7080514 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous membrane-derived vesicles that shuttle bioactive molecules between glia and neurons, thereby promoting neuronal survival and plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing to neurodegenerative conditions. Although EVs hold great potential as CNS theranostic nanocarriers, the specific molecular factors that regulate neuronal EV uptake and release are currently unknown. A combination of patch-clamp electrophysiology and pH-sensitive dye imaging is used to examine stimulus-evoked EV release in individual neurons in real time. Whereas spontaneous electrical activity and the application of a high-frequency stimulus induce a slow and prolonged fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane (PM) in a subset of cells, the neurotrophic factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) greatly increases the rate of stimulus-evoked MVB-PM fusion events and, consequently, the abundance of EVs in the culture medium. Proteomic analysis of neuronal EVs demonstrates bFGF increases the abundance of the v-SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3, cellubrevin) on EVs. Conversely, knocking-down VAMP3 in cultured neurons attenuates the effect of bFGF on EV release. The results determine the temporal characteristics of MVB-PM fusion in hippocampal neurons and reveal a new function for bFGF signaling in controlling neuronal EV release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Translational NeurodegenerationGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMarchioninistr. 1581377MunichGermany
- Graduate Program for Experimental MedicineFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Straße 2281675MünchenGermany
| | - Qilin Tang
- Department of Translational NeurodegenerationGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMarchioninistr. 1581377MunichGermany
| | - Stephan A. Müller
- Department of NeuroproteomicsGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Translational NeurodegenerationGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
| | - Diana Mahlstedt
- Department of Translational NeurodegenerationGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
- Graduate Program for Experimental MedicineFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Straße 2281675MünchenGermany
| | - Sofia Zampagni
- Department of Translational NeurodegenerationGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Translational NeurodegenerationGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
- Graduate Program for Experimental MedicineFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Straße 2281675MünchenGermany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Plant Development and Electron MicroscopyDepartment of Biology IBiocenterLudwig Maximilian UniversityGroßhaderner Str. 282152Planegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Kai Bötzel
- Department of NeurologyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMarchioninistr. 1581377MunichGermany
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- Department of NeuroproteomicsGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
- NeuroproteomicsKlinikum rechts der IsarInstitute for Advanced StudyTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Straße 2281675MunichGermany
| | - Günter U. Höglinger
- Department of Translational NeurodegenerationGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
- Department of Neurology (OE 7210)Hannover Medical SchoolCarl‐Neuberg‐Str. 130625HannoverGermany
- Department of NeurologyTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Str. 2281675MunichGermany
| | - Thomas Koeglsperger
- Department of Translational NeurodegenerationGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1781377MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMarchioninistr. 1581377MunichGermany
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515
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Shao B, Xiao Z. Recent achievements in exosomal biomarkers detection by nanomaterials-based optical biosensors - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1114:74-84. [PMID: 32359518 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal biomarkers including tumor-derived exosomes, exosomal surface proteins and exosomal nucleic acids have emerged as one of the most important and general cancer biomarkers in modern biomedical science. These indicators can provide momentous biological information for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted to design biosensors for exosomal biomarkers detection and profiling with high sensitivity and strong applied ability. Among these biosensors, nanomaterial-based optical biosensors are prospective future platforms for rapid and cost-effective detection of exosomal biomarkers. Firstly, we have focused on the progress and advancements in different optical-transducing approaches (Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Colorimetry, Immunochromatographic assay, Chemiluminescence, Electrochemiluminescence, and fluorescence) for detecting and profiling exosomal biomarkers. Additionally, we have summarized strengths and drawbacks of each strategy. Finally, challenges and future outlooks in developing efficient nanomaterial-based optical biosensor systems for exosomal tumor biomarkers detection have been discussed. The review will exhibit an overview of this field and provide meaningful information for scientific researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Zhongdang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
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516
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MiR-219a-5p Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Induce OPC Differentiation and EAE Improvement More Efficiently Than Liposomes and Polymeric Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020186. [PMID: 32098213 PMCID: PMC7076664 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination is a key aspect in multiple sclerosis pathology and a special effort is being made to promote it. However, there is still no available treatment to regenerate myelin and several strategies are being scrutinized. Myelination is naturally performed by oligodendrocytes and microRNAs have been postulated as a promising tool to induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and therefore remyelination. Herein, DSPC liposomes and PLGA nanoparticles were studied for miR-219a-5p encapsulation, release and remyelination promotion. In parallel, they were compared with biologically engineered extracellular vesicles overexpressing miR-219a-5p. Interestingly, extracellular vesicles showed the highest oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation levels and were more effective than liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles crossing the blood–brain barrier. Finally, extracellular vesicles were able to improve EAE animal model clinical evolution. Our results indicate that the use of extracellular vesicles as miR-219a-5p delivery system can be a feasible and promising strategy to induce remyelination in multiple sclerosis patients.
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517
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Yang D, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang F, Chen L, Ma L, Larcher LM, Chen S, Liu N, Zhao Q, Tran PH, Chen C, Veedu RN, Wang T. Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics. Theranostics 2020; 10:3684-3707. [PMID: 32206116 PMCID: PMC7069071 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm. In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types of cells can release exosomes, which play important roles in cell communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein and genetic materials such as miRNA, mRNA, and DNA. Consequently, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutic methods have been intensively investigated. However, as in any natural science field, the in-depth investigation of exosomes relies heavily on technological advances. Historically, the two main technical hindrances that have restricted the basic and applied researches of exosomes include, first, how to simplify the extraction and improve the yield of exosomes and, second, how to effectively distinguish exosomes from other extracellular vesicles, especially functional microvesicles. Over the past few decades, although a standardized exosome isolation method has still not become available, a number of techniques have been established through exploration of the biochemical and physicochemical features of exosomes. In this work, by comprehensively analyzing the progresses in exosome separation strategies, we provide a panoramic view of current exosome isolation techniques, providing perspectives toward the development of novel approaches for high-efficient exosome isolation from various types of biological matrices. In addition, from the perspective of exosome-based diagnosis and therapeutics, we emphasize the issue of quantitative exosome and microvesicle separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huanyun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450000
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Lixia Ma
- School of Statistics, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Leon M. Larcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Nan Liu
- General Practice Centre, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, 528244, Foshan, China
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Phuong H.L. Tran
- School of Medicine, and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, 3216, Australia
| | - Changying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
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518
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Abstract
The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- School of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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519
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Tschuschke M, Kocherova I, Bryja A, Mozdziak P, Angelova Volponi A, Janowicz K, Sibiak R, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Iżycki D, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Shibli JA, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M, Kempisty B. Inclusion Biogenesis, Methods of Isolation and Clinical Application of Human Cellular Exosomes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020436. [PMID: 32041096 PMCID: PMC7074492 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a heterogenous subpopulation of extracellular vesicles 30–150 nm in range and of endosome-derived origin. We explored the exosome formation through different systems, including the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and ESCRT-independent system, looking at the mechanisms of release. Different isolation techniques and specificities of exosomes from different tissues and cells are also discussed. Despite more than 30 years of research that followed their definition and indicated their important role in cellular physiology, the exosome biology is still in its infancy with rapidly growing interest. The reasons for the rapid increase in interest with respect to exosome biology is because they provide means of intercellular communication and transmission of macromolecules between cells, with a potential role in the development of diseases. Moreover, they have been investigated as prognostic biomarkers, with a potential for further development as diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The interest grows further with the fact that exosomes were reported as useful vectors for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Tschuschke
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.T.); (I.K.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Ievgeniia Kocherova
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.T.); (I.K.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Artur Bryja
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.T.); (I.K.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty for Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College University of London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Krzysztof Janowicz
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.T.); (I.K.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.)
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Rafał Sibiak
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Dariusz Iżycki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos 07030-010, Brazil;
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.T.); (I.K.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (M.T.); (I.K.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-6185-464-18; Fax: +48-6185-464-40
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520
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Wang J, Wuethrich A, Sina AAI, Lane RE, Lin LL, Wang Y, Cebon J, Behren A, Trau M. Tracking extracellular vesicle phenotypic changes enables treatment monitoring in melanoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax3223. [PMID: 32133394 PMCID: PMC7043913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring targeted therapy in real time for cancer patients could provide vital information about the development of drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a promising cancer biomarker, and EV phenotyping shows high potential for monitoring treatment responses. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring patient treatment responses based on the plasma EV phenotypic evolution using a multiplex EV phenotype analyzer chip (EPAC). EPAC incorporates the nanomixing-enhanced microchip and the multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag system for direct EV phenotyping without EV enrichment. In a preclinical model, we observe the EV phenotypic heterogeneity and different phenotypic responses to the treatment. Furthermore, we successfully detect cancer-specific EV phenotypes from melanoma patient plasma. We longitudinally monitor the EV phenotypic evolution of eight melanoma patients receiving targeted therapy and find specific EV profiles involved in the development of drug resistance, reflecting the potential of EV phenotyping for monitoring treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca E. Lane
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lynlee L. Lin
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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521
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Jurj A, Zanoaga O, Braicu C, Lazar V, Tomuleasa C, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. A Comprehensive Picture of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Contents. Molecular Transfer to Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020298. [PMID: 32012717 PMCID: PMC7072213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical processes such as growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells are sustained via bidirectional cell-to-cell communication in tissue complex environments. Such communication involves the secretion of soluble factors by stromal cells and/or cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Both stromal and cancer cells have been shown to export bilayer nanoparticles: encapsulated regulatory molecules that contribute to cell-to-cell communication. These nanoparticles are known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) being classified into exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs carry a vast repertoire of molecules such as oncoproteins and oncopeptides, DNA fragments from parental to target cells, RNA species (mRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNA), and lipids, initiating phenotypic changes in TME. According to their specific cargo, EVs have crucial roles in several early and late processes associated with tumor development and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs are being investigated for their implication in early cancer detection, monitoring cancer progression and chemotherapeutic response, and more relevant, the development of novel targeted therapeutics. In this study, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the biophysical properties and physiological functions of EVs, their implications in TME, and highlight the applicability of EVs for the development of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (O.Z.); (C.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Oana Zanoaga
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (O.Z.); (C.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (O.Z.); (C.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Worldwide Innovative Network for Personalized Cancer Therapy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (O.Z.); (C.B.); (C.T.)
- Department of Hematology, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- 11th Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynaecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (O.Z.); (C.B.); (C.T.)
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (I.B.-N.)
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522
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Pang B, Zhu Y, Ni J, Thompson J, Malouf D, Bucci J, Graham P, Li Y. Extracellular vesicles: the next generation of biomarkers for liquid biopsy-based prostate cancer diagnosis. Theranostics 2020; 10:2309-2326. [PMID: 32089744 PMCID: PMC7019149 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death for males in western countries. The current gold standard for PCa diagnosis - template needle biopsies - often does not convey a true representation of the molecular profile given sampling error and complex tumour heterogeneity. Presently available biomarker blood tests have limited accuracy. There is a growing demand for novel diagnostic approaches to reduce both the number of men with an abnormal PSA/ DRE who undergo invasive biopsy and the number of cores collected per biopsy. 'Liquid biopsy' is a minimally invasive biofluid-based approach that has the potential to provide information and improve the accuracy of diagnosis for patients' treatment selection, prognostic counselling and development of risk-adjusted follow-up protocols. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles released by tumour cells which may provide a real-time snapshot of the entire tumour in a non-invasive way. EVs can regulate physiological processes and mediate systemic dissemination of various types of cancers. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs have crucial roles in PCa development and metastasis. Most importantly, EVs are directly derived from their parent cells with their information. EVs contain components including proteins, mRNAs, DNA fragments, non-coding RNAs and lipids, and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Therefore, EVs hold promise for the discovery of liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for PCa diagnosis. Here, we review the current approaches for EV isolation and analysis, summarise the recent advances in EV protein biomarkers in PCa and focus on liquid biopsy-based EV biomarkers in PCa diagnosis for personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bairen Pang
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - James Thompson
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research/ APCRC, Sydney, UNSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David Malouf
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Joseph Bucci
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
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523
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Stevic I, Buescher G, Ricklefs FL. Monitoring Therapy Efficiency in Cancer through Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010130. [PMID: 31935901 PMCID: PMC7017260 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed vesicles made of a phospholipid bilayer and are secreted by all cell types. EVs are present in a variety of body fluids containing proteins, DNA, RNA species, and lipids, and play an important role in cell- to-cell communication and are worth being considered as biomarkers for both early diagnosis of cancer patients and real-time monitoring of treatment response. Recently, emerging evidence verified EVs to have crucial roles in cancer progression and metastasis and a great potential in therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss the potential of EVs in monitoring the efficacy of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Stevic
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Gustav Buescher
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Franz Lennard Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-53750
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524
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Susa F, Limongi T, Dumontel B, Vighetto V, Cauda V. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Reliable Tool in Cancer Nanomedicine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1979. [PMID: 31835327 PMCID: PMC6966613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast diagnosis and more efficient therapies for cancer surely represent one of the huge tasks for the worldwide researchers' and clinicians' community. In the last two decades, our understanding of the biology and molecular pathology of cancer mechanisms, coupled with the continuous development of the material science and technological compounds, have successfully improved nanomedicine applications in oncology. This review argues on nanomedicine application of engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) in oncology. All the most innovative processes of EVs engineering are discussed together with the related degree of applicability for each one of them in cancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (F.S.); (T.L.); (B.D.); (V.V.)
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525
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Extracellular Vesicles in the Forebrain Display Reduced miR-346 and miR-331-3p in a Rat Model of Chronic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1674-1687. [PMID: 31813125 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An initial precipitating injury in the brain, such as after status epilepticus (SE), evolves into chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We investigated changes in the miRNA composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the forebrain after the establishment of SE-induced chronic TLE. We induced SE in young Fischer 344 rats through graded intraperitoneal injections of kainic acid, which resulted in consistent spontaneous recurrent seizures at ~ 3 months post-SE. We isolated EVs from the entire forebrain of chronically epileptic rats and age-matched naïve control animals through an ultracentrifugation method and performed miRNA-sequencing studies to discern changes in the miRNA composition of forebrain-derived EVs in chronic epilepsy. EVs from both naïve and epileptic forebrains displayed spherical or cup-shaped morphology, a comparable size range, and CD63 expression but lacked the expression of a deep cellular marker GM130. However, miRNA-sequencing studies suggested downregulation of 3 miRNAs (miR-187-5p, miR-346, and miR-331-3p) and upregulation of 4 miRNAs (miR-490-5p, miR-376b-3p, miR-493-5p, and miR-124-5p) in EVs from epileptic forebrains with fold changes ranging from 1.5 to 2.4 (p < 0.0006; FDR < 0.05). By using geNorm and Normfinder software, we identified miR-487 and miR-221 as the best combination of reference genes for measurement of altered miRNAs found in the epileptic forebrain through qRT-PCR studies. The validation revealed that only miR-346 and miR-331-3p were significantly downregulated in EVs from the epileptic forebrain. The enrichment pathway analysis of these miRNAs showed an overrepresentation of signaling pathways that are linked to molecular mechanisms underlying chronic epilepsy, including GABA-ergic (miR-346 targets) and mTOR (miR-331-3p targets) systems. Thus, the packaging of two miRNAs into EVs in neural cells is considerably altered in chronic epilepsy. Functional studies on these two miRNAs may uncover their role in the pathophysiology and treatment of TLE.
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526
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Chen YS, Lin EY, Chiou TW, Harn HJ. Exosomes in clinical trial and their production in compliance with good manufacturing practice. Tzu Chi Med J 2019; 32:113-120. [PMID: 32269942 PMCID: PMC7137364 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_182_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, 60–200-nm extracellular vesicles secreted from cells, have been used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient or drug carrier in disease treatment. Human- and plant-derived exosomes are registered in clinical trials, but more complete reports are available for human-derived exosomes. Because exosomes act as vesicles and carry cell secreting components, they have been used as drug or peptide vehicles to treat diseases. The dendritic cells (DCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are two popular cell sources for exosome preparation. Exosomes from DCs can initiate inflammation in patients, particularly in patients with cancer, as they contain the tumor antigen to induce specific inflammation response. A well-established cell bank of MSCs is available, and these cells can be used as an alternative source for exosome preparation. The major application of MSC-derived exosomes is in inflammation treatment. Exosomes in clinical trials need to comply with good manufacturing practice (GMP). Three important issues are prevalent in GMP for exosomes, i.e., upstream of cell cultivation process, downstream of the purification process, and exosome quality control. This paper concisely reviews exosome development, including exosome generation and clinical trial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuan Chen
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - En-Yi Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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527
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Cai Q, He B, Weiberg A, Buck AH, Jin H. Small RNAs and extracellular vesicles: New mechanisms of cross-species communication and innovative tools for disease control. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008090. [PMID: 31887135 PMCID: PMC6936782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Baoye He
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Arne Weiberg
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Amy H. Buck
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hailing Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
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528
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Wang J, Koo KM, Wang Y, Trau M. Engineering State-of-the-Art Plasmonic Nanomaterials for SERS-Based Clinical Liquid Biopsy Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900730. [PMID: 31832306 PMCID: PMC6891916 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Precision oncology, defined as the use of the molecular understanding of cancer to implement personalized patient treatment, is currently at the heart of revolutionizing oncology practice. Due to the need for repeated molecular tumor analyses in facilitating precision oncology, liquid biopsies, which involve the detection of noninvasive cancer biomarkers in circulation, may be a critical key. Yet, existing liquid biopsy analysis technologies are still undergoing an evolution to address the challenges of analyzing trace quantities of circulating tumor biomarkers reliably and cost effectively. Consequently, the recent emergence of cutting-edge plasmonic nanomaterials represents a paradigm shift in harnessing the unique merits of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensing platforms for clinical liquid biopsy applications. Herein, an expansive review on the design/synthesis of a new generation of diverse plasmonic nanomaterials, and an updated evaluation of their demonstrated SERS-based uses in liquid biopsies, such as circulating tumor cells, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, as well as circulating cancer proteins, and tumor nucleic acids is presented. Existing challenges impeding the clinical translation of plasmonic nanomaterials for SERS-based liquid biopsy applications are also identified, and outlooks and insights into advancing this rapidly growing field for practical patient use are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Centre for Personalized NanomedicineAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Kevin M. Koo
- Centre for Personalized NanomedicineAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Molecular SciencesARC Excellence Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonicsFaculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized NanomedicineAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
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529
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Venkatesh VS, Lou E. Tunneling nanotubes: A bridge for heterogeneity in glioblastoma and a new therapeutic target? Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1185. [PMID: 32729189 PMCID: PMC7941610 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of tumour heterogeneity is not novel but is fast becoming a paradigm by which to explain part of the highly recalcitrant nature of aggressive malignant tumours. Glioblastoma is a prime example of such difficult-to-treat, invasive, and incurable malignancies. With the advent of the post-genomic age and increased access to next-generation sequencing technologies, numerous publications have described the presence and extent of intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity present in glioblastoma. Moreover, there have been numerous reports more directly correlating the heterogeneity of glioblastoma to its refractory, reoccurring, and inevitably terminal nature. It is therefore prudent to consider the different forms of heterogeneity seen in glioblastoma and how to harness this understanding to better strategize novel therapeutic approaches. One of the most central questions of tumour heterogeneity is how these numerous different cell types (both tumour and non-tumour) in the tumour mass communicate. RECENT FINDINGS This chapter provides a brief review on the variable heterogeneity of glioblastoma, with a focus on cellular heterogeneity and on modalities of communication that can induce further molecular diversity within the complex and ever-evolving tumour microenvironment. We provide particular emphasis on the emerging role of actin-based cellular conduits called tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and tumour microtubes (TMs) and outline the perceived current problems in the field that need to be resolved before pharmacological targeting of TNTs can become a reality. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TNTs and TMs provide a new and exciting avenue for the therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma and that numerous inroads have already made into TNT and TM biology. However, to target TMs and TNTs, several advances must be made before this aim can become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and TransplantationUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota
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530
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Cai Q, He B, Jin H. A safe ride in extracellular vesicles - small RNA trafficking between plant hosts and pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:140-148. [PMID: 31654843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Communication between plants and pathogens requires the transport of regulatory molecules across cellular boundaries, which is essential for host defense and pathogen virulence. Previous research has largely focused on protein transport, but, which other molecules function in communication, and how they are transported remains under explored. Recent studies discovered that small RNAs (sRNAs) are transported between plants and pathogens, which can silence target genes in the interacting organisms and regulate host immunity and pathogen infection, a mechanism called 'cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi)'. Further studies indicate that plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential for sRNA trafficking and host-pathogen communication. This review will focus on the latest advances in our understanding of plant EVs and their roles in transporting regulatory molecules, especially sRNAs, between hosts and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Baoye He
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hailing Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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531
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Jiménez J, Autin L, Ibáñez de Cáceres I, Goodsell DS. Integrative Modeling and Visualization of Exosomes. THE JOURNAL OF BIOCOMMUNICATION 2019; 43:e10. [PMID: 36406636 PMCID: PMC9139774 DOI: 10.5210/jbc.v43i2.10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Information from proteomics, microscopy, and structural biology are integrated to create structural models of exosomes, small vesicles released from cells. Three visualization methods are employed and compared: 2D painting of a cross section using traditional media, manual creation of a cross section using the mesoscale 2.5D digital painting software cellPAINT, and generation of a 3D atomic model using the mesoscale modeling program cellPACK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jiménez
- The Sanitary Research Institution IdiPAZ
- University Hospital La Paz, Madrid
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532
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Lopez E, Srivastava AK, Burchfield J, Wang YW, Cardenas JC, Togarrati PP, Miyazawa B, Gonzalez E, Holcomb JB, Pati S, Wade CE. Platelet-derived- Extracellular Vesicles Promote Hemostasis and Prevent the Development of Hemorrhagic Shock. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17676. [PMID: 31776369 PMCID: PMC6881357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year more than 500,000 deaths are attributed to trauma worldwide and severe hemorrhage is present in most of them. Transfused platelets have been shown to improve survival in trauma patients, although its mechanism is only partially known. Platelet derived-extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are small vesicles released from platelets upon activation and/or mechanical stimulation and many of the benefits attributed to platelets could be mediated through PEVs. Based on the available literature, we hypothesized that transfusion of human PEVs would promote hemostasis, reduce blood loss and attenuate the progression to hemorrhagic shock following severe trauma. In this study, platelet units from four different donors were centrifuged to separate platelets and PEVs. The pellets were washed to obtain plasma-free platelets to use in the rodent model. The supernatant was subjected to tangential flow filtration for isolation and purification of PEVs. PEVs were assessed by total count and particle size distribution by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and characterized for cells of origin and expression of EV specific-surface and cytosolic markers by flow cytometry. The coagulation profile from PEVs was assessed by calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) and thromboelastography (TEG). A rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhage was used to compare the therapeutic effects of 8.7 × 108 fresh platelets (FPLT group, n = 8), 7.8 × 109 PEVs (PEV group, n = 8) or Vehicle (Control, n = 16) following severe trauma. The obtained pool of PEVs from 4 donors had a mean size of 101 ± 47 nm and expressed the platelet-specific surface marker CD41 and the EV specific markers CD9, CD61, CD63, CD81 and HSP90. All PEV isolates demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the rate and amount of thrombin generated and overall clot strength. In vivo experiments demonstrated a 24% reduction in abdominal blood loss following liver trauma in the PEVs group when compared with the control group (9.9 ± 0.4 vs. 7.5 ± 0.5 mL, p < 0.001>). The PEV group also exhibited improved outcomes in blood pressure, lactate level, base excess and plasma protein concentration compared to the Control group. Fresh platelets failed to improve these endpoints when compared to Controls. Altogether, these results indicate that human PEVs provide pro-hemostatic support following uncontrolled bleeding. As an additional therapeutic effect, PEVs improve the outcome following severe trauma by maintaining hemodynamic stability and attenuating the development of ischemia, base deficit, and cardiovascular shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Lopez
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Burchfield
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao-Wei Wang
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica C Cardenas
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Byron Miyazawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erika Gonzalez
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John B Holcomb
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shibani Pati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles E Wade
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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533
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Ab Razak NS, Ab Mutalib NS, Mohtar MA, Abu N. Impact of Chemotherapy on Extracellular Vesicles: Understanding the Chemo-EVs. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1113. [PMID: 31803605 PMCID: PMC6877691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the standard go-to treatment for cancer besides surgery and radiation. It has recently come to light that the interaction between chemotherapy and the immune system is important in maintaining tumor immunity as well as influencing the efficacy of the therapy. However, ample preclinical studies have shown that in addition to direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, a fraction of chemotherapeutic agents may promote immunogenic cell death, and alter the inflammatory milieu of the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EV) have been shown to interact with the tumor microenvironment by delivering alterative signals to the surrounding cells; as a result, this results in interference with each cell's capability to eradicate tumors or gives advantages to cancer cells so as to survive therapy. Chemotherapy-induced extracellular vesicles (chemo-EVs) have been theorized to be carrying different cargo loads than non-chemotherapy-induced EVs. Aside from chemoresistance, there is growing evidence to suggest that chemo-EVs could dictate tumor behavior, especially in terms of metastasis, immune response, and cancer stemness. This mini-review attempts to summarize and evaluate recent developments on the role of chemo-EVs in other aspects of tumor-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur' Syahada Ab Razak
- UKM Medical Center, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - M Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Center, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Center, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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534
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Label-free visualization and characterization of extracellular vesicles in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24012-24018. [PMID: 31732668 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909243116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive interest, extracellular vesicle (EV) research remains technically challenging. One of the unexplored gaps in EV research has been the inability to characterize the spatially and functionally heterogeneous populations of EVs based on their metabolic profile. In this paper, we utilize the intrinsic optical metabolic and structural contrast of EVs and demonstrate in vivo/in situ characterization of EVs in a variety of unprocessed (pre)clinical samples. With a pixel-level segmentation mask provided by the deep neural network, individual EVs can be analyzed in terms of their optical signature in the context of their spatial distribution. Quantitative analysis of living tumor-bearing animals and fresh excised human breast tissue revealed abundance of NAD(P)H-rich EVs within the tumor, near the tumor boundary, and around vessel structures. Furthermore, the percentage of NAD(P)H-rich EVs is highly correlated with human breast cancer diagnosis, which emphasizes the important role of metabolic imaging for EV characterization as well as its potential for clinical applications. In addition to the characterization of EV properties, we also demonstrate label-free monitoring of EV dynamics (uptake, release, and movement) in live cells and animals. The in situ metabolic profiling capacity of the proposed method together with the finding of increasing NAD(P)H-rich EV subpopulations in breast cancer have the potential for empowering applications in basic science and enhancing our understanding of the active metabolic roles that EVs play in cancer progression.
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535
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Metabolomics Applied to the Study of Extracellular Vesicles. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9110276. [PMID: 31718094 PMCID: PMC6918219 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have rapidly gained prominence as sources of biomarkers for non-invasive biopsies, owing to their ubiquity across human biofluids and physiological stability. There are many characterisation studies directed towards their protein, nucleic acid, lipid and glycan content, but more recently the metabolomic analysis of EV content has also gained traction. Several EV metabolite biomarker candidates have been identified across a range of diseases, including liver disease and cancers of the prostate and pancreas. Beyond clinical applications, metabolomics has also elucidated possible mechanisms of action underlying EV function, such as the arginase-mediated relaxation of pulmonary arteries or the delivery of nutrients to tumours by vesicles. However, whilst the value of EV metabolomics is clear, there are challenges inherent to working with these entities—particularly in relation to sample production and preparation. The biomolecular composition of EVs is known to change drastically depending on the isolation method used, and recent evidence has demonstrated that changes in cell culture systems impact upon the metabolome of the resulting EVs. This review aims to collect recent advances in the EV metabolomics field whilst also introducing researchers interested in this area to practical pitfalls in applying metabolomics to EV studies.
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536
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Crow J, Samuel G, Godwin AK. Beyond tumor mutational burden: potential and limitations in using exosomes to predict response to immunotherapy. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:1079-1088. [PMID: 31687863 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1688144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has ushered in a new era of cancer therapeutics. The standard for determining which patients might benefit from ICB-based therapies is through the assessment of tumor mutational burden using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue samples; however, this strategy is imperfect. The discovery of exosomal PD-L1 has placed these nano-vesicles to the forefront of immunotherapy biomarker development. Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles contain proteins and nucleic acids specific to their cell of origin and their production is increased in disease state such as cancer and can be isolated from most types of liquid biopsy. Given this opportunity, a large-scale bioengineering effort has centered on developing technologies capable of isolating distinct subsets of exosomes and interrogating their content for biomarker discovery.Areas covered: This review investigates the current state of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), focusing on exosomes, as they relate to biomarkers of IBC. We will discuss technologies being developed to both capture and evaluate exosomal cargo and as some of the challenges they face.Expert opinion: The advancement of microfluidic technologies, along with rapidly evolving methodologies in RNAseq and proteomics, are making the potential of utilizing exosomes as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of ICB into a likely reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Glenson Samuel
- Division of Hematology Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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537
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Brittain GC, Chen YQ, Martinez E, Tang VA, Renner TM, Langlois MA, Gulnik S. A Novel Semiconductor-Based Flow Cytometer with Enhanced Light-Scatter Sensitivity for the Analysis of Biological Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16039. [PMID: 31690751 PMCID: PMC6831566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The CytoFLEX is a novel semiconductor-based flow cytometer that utilizes avalanche photodiodes, wavelength-division multiplexing, enhanced optics, and diode lasers to maximize light capture and minimize optical and electronic noise. Due to an increasing interest in the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as disease biomarkers, and the growing desire to use flow cytometry for the analyses of biological nanoparticles, we assessed the light-scatter sensitivity of the CytoFLEX for small-particle detection. We found that the CytoFLEX can fully resolve 70 nm polystyrene and 98.6 nm silica beads by violet side scatter (VSSC). We further analyzed the detection limit for biological nanoparticles, including viruses and EVs, and show that the CytoFLEX can detect viruses down to 81 nm and EVs at least as small as 65 nm. Moreover, we could immunophenotype EV surface antigens, including directly in blood and plasma, demonstrating the double labeling of platelet EVs with CD61 and CD9, as well as triple labeling with CD81 for an EV subpopulation in one donor. In order to assess the refractive indices (RIs) of the viruses and EVs, we devised a new method to inversely calculate the RIs using the intensity vs. size data together with Mie-theory scatter efficiencies scaled to reference-particle measurements. Each of the viruses tested had an equivalent RI, approximately 1.47 at 405 nm, which suggests that flow cytometry can be more broadly used to easily determine virus sizes. We also found that the RIs of EVs increase as the particle diameters decrease below 150 nm, increasing from 1.37 for 200 nm EVs up to 1.61 for 65 nm EVs, expanding the lower range of EVs that can be detected by light scatter. Overall, we demonstrate that the CytoFLEX has an unprecedented level of sensitivity compared to conventional flow cytometers. Accordingly, the CytoFLEX can be of great benefit to virology and EV research, and will help to expand the use of flow cytometry for minimally invasive liquid biopsies by allowing for the direct analysis of antigen expression on biological nanoparticles within patient samples, including blood, plasma, urine and bronchoalveolar lavages.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Brittain
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Life Science Research, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Life Science Research, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Edgar Martinez
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Particle Characterization, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vera A Tang
- University of Ottawa Flow Cytometry and Virometry Core Facility, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tyler M Renner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- University of Ottawa Flow Cytometry and Virometry Core Facility, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- uOttawa Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sergei Gulnik
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Life Science Research, Miami, FL, USA.
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538
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Melling GE, Carollo E, Conlon R, Simpson JC, Carter DRF. The Challenges and Possibilities of Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Vehicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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539
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Wu Z, Zhang Z, Xia W, Cai J, Li Y, Wu S. Extracellular vesicles in urologic malignancies-Implementations for future cancer care. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12659. [PMID: 31469460 PMCID: PMC6869217 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous group of vesicles differing in size and shape, cargo content and function, are membrane-bound and nano-sized vesicles that could be released by nearly all variations of cells. EVs have gained considerable attention in the past decades for their functions in modulating intercellular signalling and roles as potential pools for the novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in several cancers including urological neoplasms. In general, human and animal cells both can release distinct types of EVs, including exosomes, microvesicles, oncosomes and large oncosomes, and apoptotic bodies, while the content of EVs can be divided into proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. However, the lack of standard methods for isolation and detection platforms rein the widespread usage in clinical applications warranted furthermore investigations in the development of reliable, specific and sensitive isolation techniques. Whether and how the EVs work has become pertinent issues. With the aid of high-throughput proteomics or genomics methods, a fully understanding of contents contained in EVs from urogenital tumours, beyond all doubt, will improve our ability to identify the complex genomic alterations in the process of cancer and, in turn, contribute to detect potential therapeutic target and then provide personalization strategy for patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsong Wu
- Medical CollegeShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Wuchao Xia
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Medical CollegeAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Jiajia Cai
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Medical CollegeAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Song Wu
- Medical CollegeShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Medical CollegeAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Department of Urological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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540
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Almeria C, Weiss R, Roy M, Tripisciano C, Kasper C, Weber V, Egger D. Hypoxia Conditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Increased Vascular Tube Formation in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:292. [PMID: 31709251 PMCID: PMC6819375 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) display a variety of therapeutically relevant effects, such as the induction of angiogenesis, particularly under hypoxic conditions. It is generally recognized that MSCs exert their effects by secretion of paracrine factors and by stimulation of host cells. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that some therapeutically relevant effects of MSCs are mediated by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since our current knowledge on MSC-derived EVs released under hypoxic conditions is very limited, we aimed to characterize MSC-derived EVs from normoxic vs. hypoxic conditions (5% O2). Adipose-derived MSCs were grown under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and EVs were analyzed by flow cytometry using lactadherin as a marker for EVs exposing phosphatidylserine, CD63 and CD81 as EV markers, as well as CD73 and CD90 as MSC surface markers. Particle concentration and size distribution were measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and the EV surface antigen signature was characterized using bead-based multiplex flow cytometry. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of MSC-derived EVs obtained under hypoxic conditions to support angiogenesis using an in vitro assay with an hTERT-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line. Proliferation and viability of MSCs were increased under hypoxic conditions. EV concentration, size, and surface signature did not differ significantly between normoxic and hypoxic conditions, with the exception of CD44, which was significantly upregulated on normoxic EVs. EVs from hypoxic conditions exhibited increased tube formation as compared to normoxic EVs or to the corresponding supernatants from both groups, indicating that tube formation is facilitated by EVs rather than by soluble factors. In conclusion, hypoxia conditioned MSC-derived EVs appear to be functionally more potent than normoxic MSC-derived EVs regarding the induction of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarra Almeria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Michelle Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla Tripisciano
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
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541
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Nguyen HQ, Lee D, Kim Y, Paek M, Kim M, Jang KS, Oh J, Lee YS, Yeon JE, Lubman DM, Kim J. Platelet Factor 4 as a Novel Exosome Marker in MALDI-MS Analysis of Exosomes from Human Serum. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13297-13305. [PMID: 31549806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles commonly found in biological fluids as a result of a secretion process involving endosomes and multivesicular bodies. The isolation and analysis of exosomes can be useful for noninvasive clinical diagnosis of a variety of human diseases. We investigated the utility of analyzing exosomal proteins, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization combined with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICR-MS), as a means of determining the presence of exosomes. MALDI-FTICR-MS analyses of exosomes enriched from human serum via centrifugation in a mass range of m/z 1000-20 000 yielded a distinctive protein around m/z 7766. The high mass accuracy and resolution of MALDI-FTICR-MS allowed for reliable comparisons against a protein database, through which the protein was identified as platelet factor 4 (PLF4), whose singly charged protein peak has an elemental composition of C341H577N96O101S4+, with a theoretical most abundant isotopic peak at m/z 7765.194 and a theoretical average peak at m/z 7766. The MALDI-TOF MS analysis of exosomes from the serum of 27 patients with different states of liver diseases provided the most abundant PLF4 peak for each mass spectrum, along with several additional minor peaks. In conclusion, MALDI-MS is suitable as an alternative exosome detection method, serving as a valuable confirmation tool, greatly decreasing the time and workload associated with exosome identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Quang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoseon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Paek
- Department of Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- Scientific Instruments Reliability Assessment Center , Korea Basic Science Institute , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center , Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Oh
- ASTA Corporation , Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-Do , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery , University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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542
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Corso G, Heusermann W, Trojer D, Görgens A, Steib E, Voshol J, Graff A, Genoud C, Lee Y, Hean J, Nordin JZ, Wiklander OPB, El Andaloussi S, Meisner-Kober N. Systematic characterization of extracellular vesicle sorting domains and quantification at the single molecule - single vesicle level by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single particle imaging. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1663043. [PMID: 31579435 PMCID: PMC6758720 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1663043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) convey biological information by transmitting macromolecules between cells and tissues and are of great promise as pharmaceutical nanocarriers, and as therapeutic per se. Strategies for customizing the EV surface and cargo are being developed to enable their tracking, visualization, loading with pharmaceutical agents and decoration of the surface with tissue targeting ligands. While much progress has been made in the engineering of EVs, an exhaustive comparative analysis of the most commonly exploited EV-associated proteins, as well as a quantification at the molecular level are lacking. Here, we selected 12 EV-related proteins based on MS-proteomics data for comparative quantification of their EV engineering potential. All proteins were expressed with fluorescent protein (FP) tags in EV-producing cells; both parent cells as well as the recovered vesicles were characterized biochemically and biophysically. Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) we quantified the number of FP-tagged molecules per vesicle. We observed different loading efficiencies and specificities for the different proteins into EVs. For the candidates showing the highest loading efficiency in terms of engineering, the molecular levels in the vesicles did not exceed ca 40-60 fluorescent proteins per vesicle upon transient overexpression in the cells. Some of the GFP-tagged EV reporters showed quenched fluorescence and were either non-vesicular, despite co-purification with EVs, or comprised a significant fraction of truncated GFP. The co-expression of each target protein with CD63 was further quantified by widefield and confocal imaging of single vesicles after double transfection of parent cells. In summary, we provide a quantitative comparison for the most commonly used sorting proteins for bioengineering of EVs and introduce a set of biophysical techniques for straightforward quantitative and qualitative characterization of fluorescent EVs to link single vesicle analysis with single molecule quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolf Heusermann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Trojer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Steib
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Johannes Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Graff
- Facility for advanced imaging and microscopy, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel Genoud
- Facility for advanced imaging and microscopy, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cancer and Stratified Oncology 5, Astar Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Hean
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nicole Meisner-Kober
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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543
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McNamara RP, Dittmer DP. Modern Techniques for the Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles and Viruses. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:459-472. [PMID: 31512168 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signaling is pivotal to maintain organismal homeostasis. A quickly emerging field of interest within extracellular signaling is the study of extracellular vesicles (EV), which act as messaging vehicles for nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, lipids, etc. from donor cells to recipient cells. This transfer of biologically active material within a vesicular body is similar to the infection of a cell through a virus particle, which transfers genetic material from one cell to another to preserve an infection state, and viruses are known to modulate EV. Although considerable heterogeneity exists within EV and viruses, this review focuses on those that are small (< 200 nm in diameter) and of relatively low density (< 1.3 g/mL). A multitude of isolation methods for EV and virus particles exist. In this review, we present an update on methods for their isolation, purification, and phenotypic characterization. We hope that the information we provide will be of use to basic science and clinical investigators, as well as biotechnologists in this emerging field. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P McNamara
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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544
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Patras L, Banciu M. Intercellular Crosstalk Via Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Milieu as Emerging Therapies for Cancer Progression. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1980-2006. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701143845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
:Increasing evidence has suggested that extracellular vesicles (EV) mediated bidirectional transfer of functional molecules (such as proteins, different types of RNA, and lipids) between cancer cells and tumor stromal cells (immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, stem cells) and strongly contributed to the reinforcement of cancer progression. Thus, intercellular EV-mediated signaling in tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential in the modulation of all processes that support and promote tumor development like immune suppression, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and resistance of tumor cells to anticancer treatments.:Besides EV potential to revolutionize our understanding of the cancer cell-stromal cells crosstalk in TME, their ability to selectively transfer different cargos to recipient cells has created excitement in the field of tumortargeted delivery of specific molecules for anticancer treatments. Therefore, in tight connection with previous findings, this review brought insight into the dual role of EV in modulation of TME. Thus, on one side EV create a favorable phenotype of tumor stromal cells for tumor progression; however, as a future new class of anticancer drug delivery systems EV could re-educate the TME to overcome main supportive processes for malignancy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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545
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Lin A, Yan W. Intercellular transfer of HLA-G: its potential in cancer immunology. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1077. [PMID: 31489189 PMCID: PMC6716982 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular protein transfer between cancer cells and immune cells is a very common phenomenon that can affect different stages of host antitumor immune responses. HLA-G, a non-classical HLA class I antigen, has been observed to be widely expressed in various malignancies, and its immune-suppressive functions have been well recognised. HLA-G expression in cancer cells can directly mediate immune tolerance by interacting with inhibitory receptors such as ILT2 and ILT4 expressed on immune cells. Moreover, a network of multiple directional intercellular transfers of HLA-G among cancer cells and immune cells through trogocytosis, exosomes and tunnelling nanotubes provides malignant cells with an alternative ploy for antigen sharing and induces more complex heterogeneity, to modulate immune responses, ultimately leading to immune evasion, therapy resistance, disease progression and poor clinical outcome. Herein, we discuss the relative aspects of the intercellular transfer of HLA-G between tumor cells and immune cells and its potential use in tumor immunology research and translational cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Lin
- Biological Resource CenterTaizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou Medical UniversityLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Wei‐Hua Yan
- Medical Research CenterTaizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou Medical UniversityLinhaiZhejiangChina
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546
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Assessing the role of surface glycans of extracellular vesicles on cellular uptake. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11920. [PMID: 31417177 PMCID: PMC6695415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell-cell communication in a broad variety of physiological contexts. However, there is ambiguity around the fundamental mechanisms by which these effects are transduced, particularly in relation to their uptake by recipient cells. Multiple modes of cellular entry have been suggested and we have further explored the role of glycans as potential determinants of uptake, using EVs from the murine hepatic cell lines AML12 and MLP29 as independent yet comparable models. Lectin microarray technology was employed to define the surface glycosylation patterns of EVs. Glycosidases PNGase F and neuraminidase which cleave N-glycans and terminal sialic acids, respectively, were used to analyze the relevance of these modifications to EV surface glycans on the uptake of fluorescently labelled EVs by a panel of cells representing a variety of tissues. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in affinity for EVs modified by both glycosidase treatments. High-content screening exhibited a broader range of responses with different cell types preferring different vesicle glycosylation states. We also found differences in vesicle charge after treatment with glycosidases. We conclude that glycans are key players in the tuning of EV uptake, through charge-based effects, direct glycan recognition or both, supporting glycoengineering as a toolkit for therapy development.
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547
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Exosome-delivered and Y RNA-derived small RNA suppresses influenza virus replication. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:58. [PMID: 31416454 PMCID: PMC6694579 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple interplays between viral and host factors are involved in influenza virus replication and pathogenesis. Several small RNAs have recently emerged as important regulators of host response to viral infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the functional role of hsa-miR-1975, a Y5 RNA-derived small RNA, in defending influenza virus and delineate the mechanisms. Methods We performed high throughput sequencing of small RNAs in influenza virus-infected cells to identify up- or down- regulated small RNA species. The expression of the most abundant RNA species (hsa-miR-1975) was validated by stem-loop reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Antiviral effects of hsa-miR-1975 were confirmed by Western Blot, RT-PCR and plaque assay. In vitro perturbation of hsa-miR-1975 combined with exosomes isolation was used to elucidate the role and mechanism of hsa-miR-1975 in the context of antiviral immunity. Results Small RNA sequencing revealed that hsa-miR-1975 was the most up-regulated small RNA in influenza virus-infected cells. The amount of intracellular hsa-miR-1975 increased in the late stage of the influenza virus replication cycle. The increased hsa-miR-1975 was at least partially derived from degradation of Y5RNA as a result of cellular apoptosis. Unexpectedly, hsa-miR-1975 mimics inhibited influenza virus replication while hsa-miR-1975 sponges enhanced the virus replication. Moreover, hsa-miR-1975 was secreted in exosomes and taken up by the neighboring cells to induce interferon expression. Conclusions Our findings unravel a critical role of Y-class small RNA in host’s defense against influenza virus infection and reveal its antiviral mechanism through exosome delivery. This may provide a new candidate for targeting influenza virus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-019-0553-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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548
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Barranco I, Padilla L, Parrilla I, Álvarez-Barrientos A, Pérez-Patiño C, Peña FJ, Martínez EA, Rodriguez-Martínez H, Roca J. Extracellular vesicles isolated from porcine seminal plasma exhibit different tetraspanin expression profiles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11584. [PMID: 31399634 PMCID: PMC6689046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminal extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes (ø 40–120 nm) and microvesicles (MVs, ø 120–1000 nm), which would be involved in multiple functional reproductive roles. The study aimed to establish which EV subtypes are present in pig semen, using a high-resolution flow cytometer to explore differences in their tetraspanin expression profile. The EVs were isolated from 12 pig ejaculates using serial ultracentrifugation and characterized by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy for size and morphology as well as for tetraspanin expression using flow cytometry with Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and antibodies against CD9, CD63 and CD81. Pig semen contained a heterogeneous EV-population regarding size and morphology. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the proportion of EVs expressing CD63 and CD9 was higher in MVs (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) than in exosomes, while the opposite was true for CD81; higher (P < 0.001) in exosomes than in MVs. In conclusion, (1) the new generation of flow cytometers are able to accurately identify EVs and to gate them in two size-different populations named exosomes and MVs. (2) Tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 are present in both seminal EVs, albeit with exosomes and MVs differing in expression profiles, suggesting dissimilar cargo and binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barranco
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Lorena Padilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Pérez-Patiño
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Fernando J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
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549
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Buscail E, Chauvet A, Quincy P, Degrandi O, Buscail C, Lamrissi I, Moranvillier I, Caumont C, Verdon S, Brisson A, Marty M, Chiche L, Laurent C, Vendrely V, Moreau-Gaudry F, Bedel A, Dabernat S. CD63-GPC1-Positive Exosomes Coupled with CA19-9 Offer Good Diagnostic Potential for Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1395-1403. [PMID: 31400579 PMCID: PMC6699195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-released extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain tumor-specific cargo distinguishing them from healthy EVs, and making them eligible as circulating biomarkers. Glypican 1 (GPC1)-positive exosome relevance as liquid biopsy elements is still debated. We carried out a prospective study to quantify GPC1-positive exosomes in sera from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients undergoing up-front surgery, as compared to controls including patients without cancer history and patients displaying pancreatic preneoplasic lesions. Sera were enriched in EVs, and exosomes were pulled down with anti-CD63 coupled magnetic beads. GPC1-positive bead percentages determined by flow cytometry were significantly higher in PDAC than in the control group. Diagnosis accuracy reached 78% (sensitivity 64% and specificity 90%), when results from peripheral and portal blood were combined. In association with echo-guided-ultrasound-fine-needle-aspiration (EUS-FNA) negative predictive value was 80% as compared to 33% for EUS-FNA only. This approach is clinically relevant as a companion test to the already available diagnostic tools, since patients with GPC1-positive exosomes in peripheral blood showed decreased tumor free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Buscail
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Chauvet
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascaline Quincy
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Degrandi
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Buscail
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Paris 13 University, U1153 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRESS) Bobigny, France
| | - Isabelle Lamrissi
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Charline Caumont
- CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Alain Brisson
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; UMR-5248, CNRS, Talence, France
| | | | - Laurence Chiche
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Laurent
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Veronique Vendrely
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Moreau-Gaudry
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurelie Bedel
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Dabernat
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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550
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Beekman P, Enciso-Martinez A, Rho HS, Pujari SP, Lenferink A, Zuilhof H, Terstappen LWMM, Otto C, Le Gac S. Immuno-capture of extracellular vesicles for individual multi-modal characterization using AFM, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2526-2536. [PMID: 31292600 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) are promising blood biomarkers for cancer disease management. However, blood is a highly complex fluid that contains multiple objects in the same size range as tdEVs (30 nm-1 μm), which obscures an unimpeded analysis of tdEVs. Here, we report a multi-modal analysis platform for the specific capture of tdEVs on antibody-functionalized stainless steel substrates, followed by their analysis using SEM, Raman spectroscopy and AFM, at the single EV level in terms of size and size distribution, and chemical fingerprint. After covalent attachment of anti-EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) antibodies on stainless steel substrates, EV samples derived from a prostate cancer cell line (LnCAP) were flushed into a microfluidic device assembled with this stainless steel substrate for capture. To track the captured objects between the different analytical instruments and subsequent correlative analysis, navigation markers were fabricated onto the substrate from a cyanoacrylate glue. Specific capture of tdEVs on the antibody-functionalized surface was demonstrated using SEM, AFM and Raman imaging, with excellent correlation between the data acquired by the individual techniques. The particle distribution was visualized with SEM. Furthermore, a characteristic lipid-protein band at 2850-2950 cm-1 was observed with Raman spectroscopy, and with AFM the size distribution and surface density of the captured EVs was assessed. Finally, correlation of SEM and Raman images enabled discrimination of tdEVs from cyanoacrylate glue particles, highlighting the capability of this multi-modal analysis platform for distinguishing tdEVs from contamination. The trans-instrumental compatibility of the stainless steel substrate and the possibility to spatially correlate the images of the different modalities with the help of the navigation markers open new avenues to a wide spectrum of combinations of different analytical and imaging techniques for the study of more complex EV samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn Beekman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, The Netherlands and Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands. and Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aufried Lenferink
- Medical Cell BioPhysics, TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, The Netherlands and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Cees Otto
- Medical Cell BioPhysics, TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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