59751
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Most J, Gilmore LA, Smith SR, Han H, Ravussin E, Redman LM. Significant improvement in cardiometabolic health in healthy nonobese individuals during caloric restriction-induced weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E396-E405. [PMID: 29351490 PMCID: PMC5966756 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00261.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) triggers benefits for healthspan including decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease (CVD). In an ancillary study to CALERIE 2, a 24-mo 25% CR study, we assessed the cardiometabolic effects of CR in 53 healthy, nonobese (BMI: 22-28 kg/m2) men ( n = 17) and women ( n = 36). The aim of this study was to investigate whether CR can reduce risk factors for CVD and insulin resistance in nonobese humans and, moreover, to assess whether improvements are exclusive to a period of weight loss or continue during weight maintenance. According to the energy balance method, the 25% CR intervention ( n = 34) produced 16.5 ± 1.5% (mean ± SE) and 14.8 ± 1.5% CR after 12 and 24 mo (M12, M24), resulting in significant weight loss (M12 -9 ± 0.5 kg, M24 -9 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.001). Weight was maintained in the group that continued their habitual diet ad libitum (AL, n = 19). In comparison to AL, 24 mo of CR decreased visceral (-0.5 ± 0.01 kg, P < 0.0001) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (-1.9 ± 0.2kg, P < 0.001) as well as intramyocellular lipid content (-0.11 ± 0.05%, P = 0.031). Furthermore, CR decreased blood pressure (SBP -8 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.005; DBP -6 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (-13.6 ± 5.3 mg/dl, P = 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol (-12.9 ± 4.4 mg/dl, P = 0.005), and the 10-yr risk of CVD-disease was reduced by 30%. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased during weight loss in the CR group (-0.46 ± 0.15, P = 0.003), but this decrease was not maintained during weight maintenance (-0.11 ± 0.15, P = 0.458). In conclusion, sustained CR in healthy, nonobese individuals is beneficial in improving risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease such as visceral adipose tissue mass, ectopic lipid accumulation, blood pressure, and lipid profile, whereas improvements in insulin sensitivity were only transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Most
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - L Anne Gilmore
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Steven R Smith
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Hongmei Han
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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59752
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Kosmas CE, Sourlas A, Bouza KV, DeJesus E, Silverio D, Montan PD, Guzman E. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition with evolocumab: powerful low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering and improved cardiovascular outcomes without an increase in the risk of diabetes mellitus. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:130. [PMID: 29955590 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine E Kosmas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eddy DeJesus
- Department of Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Delia Silverio
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter D Montan
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliscer Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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59753
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Kärkkäinen U, Mustelin L, Raevuori A, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A. Successful weight maintainers among young adults-A ten-year prospective population study. Eat Behav 2018; 29:91-98. [PMID: 29549864 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess factors associated with successful weight maintenance over ten years in a prospective general population sample of young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study comprised 2452 women and 2227 men born in 1975-1979 (mean age at baseline 24 years, attrition 27.1%). Weight maintenance was defined as weight maintained within ±5% of baseline body mass index (BMI). We examined the role of various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in successful weight maintenance. RESULTS Relatively few young adults were able to maintain their weight over ten years (28.6% of women vs. 23.0% of men); net weight loss was uncommon (7.5% and 3.8%). Most participants gained weight (mean annual weight gain was 0.9 kg in women and 1.0 kg in men). Among women, exercise was associated with successful weight maintenance, but having two or more children, frequent use of sweet drinks, irregular eating, history of dieting (intentional weight loss) and low life satisfaction were associated with weight gain. Among men, higher baseline BMI and higher education were associated with successful weight maintenance, whereas irregular eating, history of dieting and smoking were associated with weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Only about a quarter of young adults were able to resist weight gain. Regular eating and having no history of dieting were associated with successful weight maintenance in young women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Kärkkäinen
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Linda Mustelin
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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59754
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Degnan A, Baker S, Edge D, Nottidge W, Noke M, Press CJ, Husain N, Rathod S, Drake RJ. The nature and efficacy of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2018; 48:714-727. [PMID: 28830574 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia founded on Western belief systems and values may not be efficacious in different cultures without adaptation. This systematic review analyses the nature and outcomes of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia, examining how interventions have been adapted, their efficacy and what features drive heterogeneity in outcome. METHOD Articles identified by searching electronic databases from inception to 3 March 2016, reference lists and previous reviews were independently screened by two authors for eligible controlled trials. Data on the nature of adaptations was analysed inductively using thematic analyses. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models to calculate effect sizes (Hedges' g) for symptoms. RESULTS Forty-six studies with 7828 participants were included, seven adapted for minority populations. Cultural adaptations were grouped into nine themes: language, concepts and illness models, family, communication, content, cultural norms and practices, context and delivery, therapeutic alliance, and treatment goals. Meta-analyses showed significant post-treatment effects in favour of adapted interventions for total symptom severity (n = 2345, g: -0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.36 to -0.09), positive (n = 1152, g: -0.56, 95% CI -0.86 to -0.26), negative (n = 855, g: -0.39, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.15), and general (n = 525, g: -0.75, CI -1.21 to -0.29) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The adaptation process can be described within a framework that serves as a benchmark for development or assessment of future adaptations. Culturally adapted interventions were more efficacious than usual treatment in proportion to the degree of adaptation. There is insufficient evidence to show that adapted interventions are better than non-adapted interventions. Features of context, intervention and design influenced efficacy. Investigating whether adaptation improves efficacy, most importantly amongst ethnic minorities, requires better designed trials with comparisons against unadapted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Degnan
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology,Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
| | - S Baker
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology,Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
| | - D Edge
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology,Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
| | - W Nottidge
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology,Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
| | - M Noke
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology,Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
| | - C J Press
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology,Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
| | - N Husain
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology,Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
| | - S Rathod
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit, Moorgreen Hospital,West End, Southampton,UK
| | - R J Drake
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology,Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK
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59755
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Abstract
Migraine is a highly prevalent, severe, and disabling neurological condition with a significant unmet need for effective acute therapies. Patients (~50%) are dissatisfied with their currently available therapies. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has emerged as a key neuropeptide involved in the pathophysiology of migraines. As reviewed in this manuscript, a number of small molecule antagonists of the CGRP receptor have been developed for migraine therapy. Incredibly, the majority of the clinical trials conducted have proven positive, demonstrating the importance of this signalling pathway in migraine. Unfortunately, a number of these molecules raised liver toxicity concerns when used daily for as little as 7 days resulting in their discontinuation. Despite the clear safety concerns, clinical trial data suggests that their intermittent use remains a viable and safe alternative, with 2 molecules remaining in clinical development (ubrogepant and rimegepant). Further, these proofs of principle studies identifying CGRP as a viable clinical target have led to the development of several CGRP or CGRP receptor-targeted monoclonal antibodies that continue to show good clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Holland
- Headache Group, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, UK.
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- NIHR-Wellcome Trust, King's Clinical Research Facility, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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59756
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Al-Khazraji BK, Appleton CT, Beier F, Birmingham TB, Shoemaker JK. Osteoarthritis, cerebrovascular dysfunction and the common denominator of inflammation: a narrative review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:462-470. [PMID: 29406252 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Population-based cohort studies suggest an association between osteoarthritis (OA) and cerebrovascular disease, yet the mechanisms underlying vascular comorbidities in OA remain unclear. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the literature examining inflammation in OA with a focus on physiological mechanisms, and whether overlapping mechanisms exist in cerebrovascular dysfunction. METHOD A literature search was conducted in PubMed using combinations of search terms: osteoarthritis, cerebrovascular (disease/dysfunction/risk), cardiovascular (disease/dysfunction/risk), aging/ageing, inflammation, inflammatory mediators, cytokine, c-reactive protein, interleukin, advanced glycation end-products, metabolic syndrome, reactive oxidative species, cognitive impairment, (vascular-related) dementia, small cerebral vessel disease, endothelial function, blood-brain barrier, gender/sex, hypertension, peripheral vascular health, and physical activity. Reference lists of identified articles were also researched manually. RESULTS Overlapping inflammatory factors that may contribute to onset and progression of both OA and cerebrovascular dysfunction are presented. We describe oxidative mechanisms involving pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative species, advanced glycation end-products, sex hormones, microvascular dysfunction and osteoprotegerin, and their specific roles in potentially contributing to OA and cerebrovascular dysfunction. CONCLUSION Synthesis of the current literature suggests future investigations may benefit from directly testing cerebrovascular hemodynamics and cognitive function in individuals with or at risk of OA to elucidate common physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Al-Khazraji
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, Canada
| | - C T Appleton
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, Canada
| | - F Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, Canada
| | - T B Birmingham
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, Canada
| | - J K Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, Canada.
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59757
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Nakamura K, Watanabe M, Okuda N, Yoshita K, Kabayama M, Torii S, Kuribayashi T, Itai K, Kamide K, Miura K, Okayama A. The Influence of the Japanese Nationwide Cardiovascular Prevention System Health Guidance on Smoking Cessation Among Smokers: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:323-334. [PMID: 29199202 PMCID: PMC5906185 DOI: 10.5551/jat.42051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated whether 2 types of personalized health guidance (repeated and single counseling) in the Japanese nationwide cardiovascular prevention system promoted smoking cessation among smokers. Methods: The study included 47,745 Japanese smokers aged 40 to 74 years classified into 2 personalized health guidance schemes. After a 1-year follow-up, we compared the rates of smoking cessation between individuals who had received counseling (“supported”) and those who had not received counseling (“unsupported”). Using propensity score matching analysis, we estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) of each approach on smoking cessation after balancing out the characteristics between the supported and unsupported groups. The propensity score regression model included age, medical insurance type, weight gain since the age of 20 years, exercise, eating habits, alcohol intake, quality of sleep, readiness to modify lifestyle, willingness to receive support, and body mass index. Results: In the repeated counseling scheme, the age-adjusted rates of smoking cessation in the supported and unsupported groups were 8.8% and 6.3% for males, and 9.8% and 9.1% for females respectively. In the single counseling scheme, the corresponding rates were 8.4% and 7.3% for supported and unsupported males, and 11.0% and 11.7% for supported and unsupported females respectively. The ATE of repeated counseling was + 2.64% (95% confidence interval: + 1.51% to + 3.77%) for males and + 3.11% (−1.85% to +8.07%) for females. The ATE of single counseling was +0.61% (−1.17% to +2.38%) for males and −1.06% (−5.96% to +3.85%) for females. Conclusions: In the Japanese cardiovascular prevention system, repeated counseling may promote smoking cessation among male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Art and Science
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Sayuki Torii
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | | | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
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59758
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González-Gómez S, Meléndez-Gomez MA, López-Jaramillo P. Fixed-dose combination therapy to improve hypertension treatment and control in Latin America. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2018; 88:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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59759
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Greydanus DE, Agana M, Kamboj MK, Shebrain S, Soares N, Eke R, Patel DR. Pediatric obesity: Current concepts. Dis Mon 2018; 64:98-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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59760
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Nascimbeni F, Ballestri S, Machado MV, Mantovani A, Cortez-Pinto H, Targher G, Lonardo A. Clinical relevance of liver histopathology and different histological classifications of NASH in adults. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:351-367. [PMID: 29224471 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1415756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses simple steatosis and steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD occurs epidemically in most areas of the world, contributes to cardiovascular events and liver-related mortality and therefore exacts a major economic toll. Areas covered: Here we summarize what clinicians should know about NAFLD histopathology in adults. We report on the individual histological features and scoring systems of NAFLD: the NAFLD activity score (NAS) introduced by the NASH-Clinical Research Network, the 'Fatty Liver Inhibition of Progression' algorithm and Steatosis, Activity, and Fibrosis (SAF) score. Pros and cons of histological classifications in NASH are discussed. Special emphasis is given to liver histopathology in some high-risk patient groups, such as those with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, we also examine the relationship between liver histopathology and clinical features, and the impact of liver histopathology on the long-term prognosis of NAFLD. Finally, we propose an integrated diagnostic approach which utilizes both non-invasive tools and liver biopsy in those individual patients with suspected NAFLD. Expert commentary: Based on expert opinions, we conclude with a research agenda on NAFLD which focuses on the most burning topics to be addressed over the next five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Nascimbeni
- a Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria , Modena , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | | | - Mariana Verdelho Machado
- d Departamento de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia , Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- e Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine , University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- d Departamento de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia , Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Giovanni Targher
- e Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine , University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- a Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria , Modena , Italy
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59761
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Wesson D, Kitzman H, Halloran KH, Tecson K. Innovative Population Health Model Associated With Reduced Emergency Department Use And Inpatient Hospitalizations. Health Aff (Millwood) 2018; 37:543-550. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wesson
- Donald Wesson is president of the Baylor Scott & White Health and Wellness Center, in Dallas, Texas
| | - Heather Kitzman
- Heather Kitzman is research director at the Baylor Scott & White Health and Wellness Center
| | - Kenneth H. Halloran
- Kenneth H. Halloran is a research analyst at the Baylor Scott & White Health and Wellness Center
| | - Kristen Tecson
- Kristen Tecson is a biostatistician at the Baylor Scott & White Health and Wellness Center
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59762
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Population based and animal study on the effects of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the regulation of host glucose homeostasis. Acta Trop 2018; 180:33-41. [PMID: 29309743 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although parasitic infection affects the glucose homeostasis of mice, only few studies have integrated epidemiological and animal data to determine the effect of Schistosoma japonicum infection on mice metabolism. The current study assessed the effects of S. japonicum infection on blood glucose and other metabolic parameters in both patients and animal models of chronic schistomiasis. A total of 2183 patients with chronic schistosomiasis and age- and gender-matched individuals without schistosomiasis (n = 1798) were enrolled in this study. Fasting blood glucose and other metabolic parameters, including body mass index (BMI) and serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, were compared between the two groups. Mice infected with S. japonicum were used to test the effects of the parasite on glucose tolerance. We found that chronic schistosomiasis patients had significantly lower BMI and fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels than non-schistosomiasis individuals. In the animal studies, both bisexual and unisexual S. japonicum infection improved glucose tolerance in wild-type mice. Additionally, S. japonicum-infected ob/ob mice, a model that spontaneously develops obesity and diabetes, also had decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance. We further observed that S. japonicum-infected mice had lower inflammatory gene expression in the visceral white adipose tissue than the control mice. Collectively, our results demonstrated that S. japonicum infection improved glucose tolerance and other metabolic parameters both in human and animals. Downregulated inflammatory gene expression due to S. japonicum infection might be among the mechanisms for the improved glucose tolerance.
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59763
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Mercer AJ. Updating the epidemiological transition model. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:680-687. [PMID: 29557320 PMCID: PMC9134371 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main feature of the epidemiological transition is a shift in the recorded causes of death from infectious diseases to other morbid conditions. This paper outlines modifications made to Omran's original model and stages of transition, and suggests that without a focus on aetiology and morbidity, these have been basically descriptive rather than explanatory, and potentially misleading because infections have been confirmed as causes of various chronic diseases. Common infections and related immune responses or inflammatory processes contribute to the multifactorial aetiology of morbid conditions that together make a substantial contribution to overall mortality, and infectious causation is suspected for many others because of strong evidence of association. Investigation into possible infectious causes of conditions frequently recorded as the underlying cause of death can be integrated into a framework for comparative research on patterns of disease and mortality in support of public health and prevention. A theory of epidemiological transition aimed at understanding changes in disease patterns can encompass the role in different conditions and chronic diseases of infections contracted over the life course, and their contribution to disability, morbidity and mortality relative to other causes and determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Mercer
- Independent Researcher, 38 Wren Walk, Eynesbury, St Neots, Cambridgeshire PE19 2GE, UK
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59764
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Malik R, Chauhan G, Traylor M, Sargurupremraj M, Okada Y, Mishra A, Rutten-Jacobs L, Giese AK, van der Laan SW, Gretarsdottir S, Anderson CD, Chong M, Adams HHH, Ago T, Almgren P, Amouyel P, Ay H, Bartz TM, Benavente OR, Bevan S, Boncoraglio GB, Brown RD, Butterworth AS, Carrera C, Carty CL, Chasman DI, Chen WM, Cole JW, Correa A, Cotlarciuc I, Cruchaga C, Danesh J, de Bakker PIW, DeStefano AL, den Hoed M, Duan Q, Engelter ST, Falcone GJ, Gottesman RF, Grewal RP, Gudnason V, Gustafsson S, Haessler J, Harris TB, Hassan A, Havulinna AS, Heckbert SR, Holliday EG, Howard G, Hsu FC, Hyacinth HI, Ikram MA, ingelsson E, Irvin MR, Jian X, Jimenez-Conde J, Johnson JA, Jukema JW, Kanai M, Keene KL, Kissela BM, Kleindorfer DO, Kooperberg C, Kubo M, Lange LA, Langefeld CD, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Lee JM, Lemmens R, Leys D, Lewis CM, Lin WY, Lindgren AG, Lorentzen E, Magnusson PK, Maguire J, Manichaikul A, McArdle PF, Meschia JF, Mitchell BD, Mosley TH, Nalls MA, Ninomiya T, O’Donnell MJ, Psaty BM, Pulit SL, Rannikmäe K, Reiner AP, Rexrode KM, Rice K, Rich SS, Ridker PM, Rost NS, Rothwell PM, Rotter JI, Rundek T, Sacco RL, Sakaue S, Sale MM, Salomaa V, Sapkota BR, Schmidt R, Schmidt CO, Schminke U, Sharma P, Slowik A, Sudlow CLM, Tanislav C, Tatlisumak T, Taylor KD, Thijs VNS, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tiedt S, Trompet S, Tzourio C, van Duijn CM, Walters M, Wareham NJ, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Wilson JG, Wiggins KL, Yang Q, Yusuf S, Bis JC, Pastinen T, Ruusalepp A, Schadt EE, Koplev S, Björkegren JLM, Codoni V, Civelek M, Smith NL, Tregouet DA, Christophersen IE, Roselli C, Lubitz SA, Ellinor PT, Tai ES, Kooner JS, Kato N, He J, van der Harst P, Elliott P, Chambers JC, Takeuchi F, Johnson AD, Sanghera DK, Melander O, Jern C, Strbian D, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Longstreth WT, Rolfs A, Hata J, Woo D, Rosand J, Pare G, Hopewell JC, Saleheen D, Stefansson K, Worrall BB, Kittner SJ, Seshadri S, Fornage M, Markus HS, Howson JMM, Kamatani Y, Debette S, Dichgans M. Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes. Nat Genet 2018; 50:524-537. [PMID: 29531354 PMCID: PMC5968830 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 991] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke has multiple etiologies, but the underlying genes and pathways are largely unknown. We conducted a multiancestry genome-wide-association meta-analysis in 521,612 individuals (67,162 cases and 454,450 controls) and discovered 22 new stroke risk loci, bringing the total to 32. We further found shared genetic variation with related vascular traits, including blood pressure, cardiac traits, and venous thromboembolism, at individual loci (n = 18), and using genetic risk scores and linkage-disequilibrium-score regression. Several loci exhibited distinct association and pleiotropy patterns for etiological stroke subtypes. Eleven new susceptibility loci indicate mechanisms not previously implicated in stroke pathophysiology, with prioritization of risk variants and genes accomplished through bioinformatics analyses using extensive functional datasets. Stroke risk loci were significantly enriched in drug targets for antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ganesh Chauhan
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Stroke Research Group, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, France,Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aniket Mishra
- INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, France,Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Loes Rutten-Jacobs
- Stroke Research Group, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Katrin Giese
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christopher D. Anderson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, MGH, Boston, MA, USA,J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, MGH, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Chong
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, LabEx DISTALZ-UMR1167, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Université Lille, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universite Lille, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille, France
| | - Hakan Ay
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, MGH, Boston, MA, USA,AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci M. Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oscar R. Benavente
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steve Bevan
- School of Life Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Giorgio B. Boncoraglio
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico ‘Carlo Besta’, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert D. Brown
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caty Carrera
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut of Research, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Spain,Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Cara L. Carty
- Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Center for Translational Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John W. Cole
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Baltimore VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ioana Cotlarciuc
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK, and Ashford and St Peters Hospital, Surrey, UK
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration (HPAN), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK,British Heart Foundation, Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul I. W. de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anita L. DeStefano
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stefan T. Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland,Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido J. Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raji P. Grewal
- Neuroscience Institute, SF Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahamad Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,FIMM-Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Howard
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hyacinth I. Hyacinth
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordi Jimenez-Conde
- Neurovascular Research Group (NEUVAS), Neurology Department, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigació Mèdica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith L. Keene
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA,Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Brett M. Kissela
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Didier Leys
- INSERM U 1171, CHU Lille, Universite Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK,SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Arne G. Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Lorentzen
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jane Maguire
- University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patrick F. McArdle
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA,Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Martin J. O’Donnell
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Clinical Research Facility, Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara L. Pulit
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristiina Rannikmäe
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia S. Rost
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M. Rothwell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michele M. Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bishwa R. Sapkota
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carsten O. Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-KEF, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK, and Ashford and St Peters Hospital, Surrey, UK
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Cathie L. M. Sudlow
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences/Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Vincent N. S. Thijs
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia,Austin Health, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Steffen Tiedt
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, France,INSERM, U1219 Bordeaux, France,Department of Public Health, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Walters
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing at the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kerri L. Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - AFGen Consortium
- A list of members and affiliations appears in the Supplementary Note
| | | | | | - INVENT Consortium
- A list of members and affiliations appears in the Supplementary Note
| | - STARNET
- A list of members and affiliations appears in the Supplementary Note
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Koplev
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johan L. M. Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, Biomeedikum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Codoni
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France,I CAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA,Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David A. Tregouet
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France,I CAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Ingrid E. Christophersen
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, MGH, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A. Lubitz
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK,Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, UK
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,National Heart, Lung and Blood Research Institute, Division of Intramural Research, Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Israel Fernandez-Cadenas
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut of Research, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Spain,Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht Kossel Institute, University Clinic of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniel Woo
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, MGH, Boston, MA, USA,J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, MGH, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jemma C. Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bradford B. Worrall
- Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven J. Kittner
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Baltimore VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna M. M. Howson
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Stroke Research Group, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
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59765
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Dispatches from Haiti: mental health training in a resource-limited setting. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5:297-298. [PMID: 29580603 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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59766
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Combining deep residual neural network features with supervised machine learning algorithms to classify diverse food image datasets. Comput Biol Med 2018; 95:217-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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59767
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Ludwig‐Walz H, Schmidt M, Günther ALB, Kroke A. Maternal prepregnancy BMI or weight and offspring's blood pressure: Systematic review. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 14:e12561. [PMID: 29171150 PMCID: PMC6865974 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that maternal prepregnancy body mass index or weight (MPBW) may be associated with offspring's blood pressure (BP). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review-following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement-to assess and judge the evidence for an association between MPBW with offspring's later BP. Five data bases were searched without limits. Risk of bias was assessed using the "Tool to Assess Risk of Bias in Cohort Studies," and an evidence grade was allocated following the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Of 2,011 publications retrieved, 16 studies (all cohort studies) were included in the systematic review; thereof, 5 studies (31%) were rated as good-quality studies. Overall, data from 63,959 participants were enclosed. Systolic BP was analysed in 15 (5 good quality), diastolic BP in 12 (3 good quality), and mean arterial pressure in 3 (no good quality) studies. Five good-quality studies of MPBW with offspring's systolic BP as the outcome and 1 good-quality study with offspring's diastolic BP as the outcome observed a significant association. However, after adding offspring's anthropometry variables to the statistical model, the effect attenuated in 4 studies with systolic BP to nonsignificance, the study with diastolic BP remained significant. No good-quality studies were found with respect to offspring's later mean arterial pressure. In conclusion, this systematic review found suggestive, but still limited, evidence for an association between MPBW with offspring's later BP. The available data suggest that the effect might be mainly mediated via offspring's anthropometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ludwig‐Walz
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer SciencesFulda University of Applied SciencesFuldaGermany
| | - Milan Schmidt
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer SciencesFulda University of Applied SciencesFuldaGermany
| | - Anke L. B. Günther
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer SciencesFulda University of Applied SciencesFuldaGermany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer SciencesFulda University of Applied SciencesFuldaGermany
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59768
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Iyengar NM, Chen IC, Zhou XK, Giri DD, Falcone DJ, Winston LA, Wang H, Williams S, Lu YS, Hsueh TH, Cheng AL, Hudis CA, Lin CH, Dannenberg AJ. Adiposity, Inflammation, and Breast Cancer Pathogenesis in Asian Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:227-236. [PMID: 29222346 PMCID: PMC5882588 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation in the breast, elevated levels of the estrogen biosynthetic enzyme, aromatase, and systemic changes that predispose to breast cancer development. We examined whether WAT inflammation and its associated systemic effects correlate with body fat levels in an Asian population where body mass index (BMI) is not an accurate assessment of obesity and cancer risk. We also investigated whether biologic differences could account for the greater proportion of premenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in Asian versus Western countries. Breast WAT and fasting blood were prospectively collected from Taiwanese women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment. Body composition was measured in a subgroup using bioelectrical impedance analysis. WAT inflammation was defined by the presence of crown-like structures of the breast, which are composed of dead or dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages. Findings were compared with U.S. Caucasian women. In the Taiwanese cohort (n = 72), breast WAT inflammation was present in 31 (43%) women and was associated with elevated BMI (P < 0.01) and increased levels of body fat (P < 0.01), C-reactive protein (P = 0.02), triglycerides (P < 0.01), insulin resistance scores (P = 0.04), and lower HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01). ER+ tumors were associated with greater body fat versus other subtypes (P = 0.03). Compared with U.S. Caucasians (n = 267), Taiwanese women had larger breast adipocytes despite lower BMI after adjusting for BMI and menopausal status (P = 0.01). A subclinical inflammatory state associated with increased adiposity and metabolic dysfunction could contribute to breast cancer pathogenesis in Asian women. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 227-36. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Domenick J Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Lisle A Winston
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Williams
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Hsin Hsueh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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59769
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Kiadaliri AA, Lohmander LS, Moradi-Lakeh M, Petersson IF, Englund M. High and rising burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis in the Nordic region, 1990-2015. Acta Orthop 2018; 89:177-183. [PMID: 29160139 PMCID: PMC5901515 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1404791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Osteoarthritis (OA) imposes a substantial burden on individuals and societies. We report on the burden of knee and hip OA in the Nordic region. Patients and methods - We used the findings from the 2015 Global Burden of Diseases Study to explore prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of OA in the 6 Nordic countries during 1990-2015 (population of about 27 million in 2015). Results - During 1990-2015, the number of prevalent OA cases increased by 43% to 1,507,587 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1,454,338-1,564,778) in the region. OA accounted for 1.3% (UI 1.0-1.7) of YLDs in 1990, increasing to 1.6% (UI 1.2-2.0) in 2015. Of 315 causes studied, OA was the 15th leading cause of YLDs, causing 52,661 (UI 34,056-77,499) YLDs in 2015; of these 23% were attributable to high body mass index. The highest relative importance of OA was reported for women aged 65-74 years (8th leading cause of YLDs in 2015). Among the top 30 leading causes of YLDs in the region, OA had the 5th greatest relative increase in total YLDs during 1990-2015. From 1990 to 2015, increase in age-standardized YLDs from OA in the region was slightly lower than increase at the global level (7.5% vs. 10.5%). OA was, however, responsible for a higher proportional burden of DALYs in the region compared with the global level. Interpretation - The OA burden is high and rising in the Nordic region. With population growth, aging, and the obesity epidemic, a substantial rise in the burden of OA is expected and should be addressed in health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar A Kiadaliri
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden,Correspondence:
| | - L Stefan Lohmander
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ingemar F Petersson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden,Epidemiology and Register Centre South, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Englund
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden,Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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59770
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Boshier PR, Ziff C, Adam ME, Fehervari M, Markar SR, Hanna GB. Effect of perioperative blood transfusion on the long-term survival of patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus 2018; 31:4757112. [PMID: 29267869 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative blood transfusion has been linked to poorer long-term survival in patients undergoing esophagectomy, presumably due to its potential immunomodulatory effects. This review aims to summarize existing evidence relating to the influence of blood transfusion on long-term survival following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. A systematic literature search (up to February 2017) was conducted for studies reporting the effects of perioperative blood transfusion on survival following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Meta-analysis was used to summate survival outcomes. Twenty observational studies met the criteria for inclusion. Eighteen of these studies compared the outcomes of patients who received allogenic blood transfusion to patients who did not receive this intervention. Meta-analysis of outcomes revealed that allogenic blood transfusion significantly reduced long-term survival (HR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.76; P < 0.001). There appeared to be a dose-related response with patients who received ≥3 units of blood having lower long-term survival compared to patient who received between 0 and 2 units (HR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.93; P < 0.001). Two studies comparing patients who received allogenic versus autologous blood transfusion showed superior survival in the latter group. Factors associated with the requirement for perioperative blood transfusion included: intraoperative blood loss; preoperative hemoglobin; operative approach; operative time, and; presences of advanced disease. These findings indicate that perioperative blood transfusion is associated with significantly worse long-term survival in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Autologous donation of blood, meticulous intraoperative hemostasis, and avoidance of unnecessary transfusions may prevent additional deaths attributed to this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Ziff
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M E Adam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Fehervari
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - G B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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59771
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Viana M, Faust CL, Haydon DT, Webster JP, Lamberton PHL. The effects of subcurative praziquantel treatment on life-history traits and trade-offs in drug-resistant Schistosoma mansoni. Evol Appl 2018; 11:488-500. [PMID: 29636801 PMCID: PMC5891057 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection acts on all organisms, including parasites, to maximize reproductive fitness. Drug resistance traits are often associated with life-history costs in the absence of treatment. Schistosomiasis control programmes rely on mass drug administration to reduce human morbidity and mortality. Although hotspots of reduced drug efficacy have been reported, resistance is not widespread. Using Bayesian state-space models (SSMs) fitted to data from an in vivo laboratory system, we tested the hypothesis that the spread of resistant Schistosoma mansoni may be limited by life-history costs not present in susceptible counterparts. S. mansoni parasites from a praziquantel-susceptible (S), a praziquantel-resistant (R) or a mixed line of originally resistant and susceptible parasites (RS) were exposed to a range of praziquantel doses. Parasite numbers at each life stage were quantified in their molluscan intermediate and murine definitive hosts across four generations, and SSMs were used to estimate key life-history parameters for each experimental group over time. Model outputs illustrated that parasite adult survival and fecundity in the murine host decreased across all lines, including R, with increasing drug pressure. Trade-offs between adult survival and fecundity were observed in all untreated lines, and these remained strong in S with praziquantel pressure. In contrast, trade-offs between adult survival and fecundity were lost under praziquantel pressure in R. As expected, parasite life-history traits within the molluscan host were complex, but trade-offs were demonstrated between parasite establishment and cercarial output. The observed trade-offs between generations within hosts, which were modified by praziquantel treatment in the R line, could limit the spread of R parasites under praziquantel pressure. Whilst such complex life-history costs may be difficult to detect using standard empirical methods, we demonstrate that SSMs provide robust estimates of life-history parameters, aiding our understanding of costs and trade-offs of resistant parasites within this system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Viana
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Christina L. Faust
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular ParasitologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Daniel T. Haydon
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Joanne P. Webster
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease ResearchDepartment of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Endemic, Emerging and Exotic DiseasesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Poppy H. L. Lamberton
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease ResearchDepartment of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular ParasitologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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59772
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Huang J, Pan X, Guo X, Li G. Impacts of air pollution wave on years of life lost: A crucial way to communicate the health risks of air pollution to the public. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 113:42-49. [PMID: 29421406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies have explored the impacts of exposure to sustained high levels of air pollution (air pollution wave) on mortality. Given that the frequency, intensity and duration of air pollution wave has been increasing in highly polluted regions recently, understanding the impacts of air pollution wave is crucial. In this study, air pollution wave was defined as 2 or more consecutive days with air pollution index (API) > 100. The impacts of air pollution wave on years of life lost (YLL) due to non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory deaths were evaluated by considering both consecutive days with high levels of air pollution and daily air pollution levels in Tianjin, China, from 2006 to 2011. The results showed the durational effect of consecutive days with high levels of air pollution was substantial in addition to the effect of daily air pollution. For instance, the durational effect was related to an increase in YLL of 116.6 (95% CI: 4.8, 228.5) years from non-accidental deaths when the air pollution wave was sustained for 4 days, while the corresponding daily air pollution's effect was 121.2 (95% CI: 55.2, 187.1) years. A better interpretation of the health risks of air pollution wave is crucial for air pollution control policy making and public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
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59773
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Koyanagi A, Lara E, Stubbs B, Carvalho AF, Oh H, Stickley A, Veronese N, Vancampfort D. Chronic Physical Conditions, Multimorbidity, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66:721-727. [PMID: 29427504 PMCID: PMC5906176 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between chronic physical conditions and multimorbidity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). DESIGN Nationally representative, cross-sectional, community-based study. SETTING Six countries that participated in the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 50 and older (N=32,715; mean age 62.1 ± 15.6; 51.7% female). MEASUREMENTS The definition of MCI was based on the recommendations of the National Institute on Ageing and Alzheimer's Association. Ten chronic conditions were assessed (angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, cataract, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, edentulism, hearing problems, hypertension, stroke). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between chronic physical conditions, multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions), and MCI. RESULTS The prevalence of multimorbidity was 49.8% (95% confidence interval (CI)=48.1-51.5%) and of MCI was 15.3% (95% CI=14.4-16.3%). After adjustment for potential confounders, edentulism (odds ratio (OR)=1.24), arthritis (OR=1.24), chronic lung disease (OR=1.29), cataract (OR=1.33), stroke (OR=1.94), hearing problems (OR=2.27), and multimorbidity (OR=1.40) were significantly associated with MCI. There was a gradual increase in the likelihood of MCI (1 condition: OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.03-1.42; ≥4 conditions: OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.70-2.52). CONCLUSION These results highlight the need to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking chronic conditions and MCI and whether prevention or treatment of chronic conditions or multimorbidity can reduce the onset of cognitive decline and subsequent dementia, especially in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Lara
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Andre F. Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, School of Social Work, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Stickley
- The Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Geriatric Care, OrthoGeriatrics and Rehabilitation, E.O. Galliera Hospital, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital, Genova, Italy
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
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59774
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Wang J, Li J, Zhou Q, Zhang D, Bi Q, Wu Y, Huang W. Liver stiffness measurement predicted liver-related events and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:467-476. [PMID: 29619424 PMCID: PMC5880200 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the prognosis value of the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography in assessing the risk of liver-related events (LREs) and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). However, the shape of the dose-response relationship between them remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and reference lists of articles for studies published up to July 1, 2017, that assessed the LSM in predicting LREs and all-cause mortality among subjects with CLD. Fifty-four observational cohort studies with 35,249 participants were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random-effects model, and a restricted cubic spline function was used to model the dose-response association. LREs and all-cause mortality were increased in subjects with a high LSM (LRE: RR, 7.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.65, 11.05; I2 = 71.6%; all-cause mortality: RR, 4.15; 95% CI, 2.56, 6.72; I2 = 68.5%). For each unit increment of liver stiffness, the summary RR was 1.06 (95% CI, 1.06, 1.07; I2 = 74.6%) for LREs and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.04, 1.07; I2 = 55.7%) for all-cause mortality. A positive relationship with a nonlinear trend for LSM with LREs and all-cause mortality was examined by a dose-response meta-analysis (P < 0.001). When stratified by etiology, a nonlinear association was also found in patients infected with hepatitis C virus and those coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. In contrast, there was no evidence of departure from linearity among patients with hepatitis B virus infection (Pnonlinearity = 0.072). Conclusion: LSM is useful in screening LREs and all-cause mortality in patients with CLD. Further studies are warranted in assessing the application of LSM in monitoring the risk of LREs and all-cause mortality in clinical practice. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:467-476).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFirst Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFirst Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Science and EducationFirst People's Hospital of Changde CityHunanChina
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of GerontologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qiu Bi
- Department of RadiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yulin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFirst Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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59775
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Heymach J, Krilov L, Alberg A, Baxter N, Chang SM, Corcoran RB, Dale W, DeMichele A, Magid Diefenbach CS, Dreicer R, Epstein AS, Gillison ML, Graham DL, Jones J, Ko AH, Lopez AM, Maki RG, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Schilsky RL, Sznol M, Westin SN, Burstein H. Clinical Cancer Advances 2018: Annual Report on Progress Against Cancer From the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1020-1044. [PMID: 29380678 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.77.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A MESSAGE FROM ASCO'S PRESIDENT I remember when ASCO first conceived of publishing an annual report on the most transformative research occurring in cancer care. Thirteen reports later, the progress we have chronicled is remarkable, and this year is no different. The research featured in ASCO's Clinical Cancer Advances 2018 report underscores the impressive gains in our understanding of cancer and in our ability to tailor treatments to tumors' genetic makeup. The ASCO 2018 Advance of the Year, adoptive cell immunotherapy, allows clinicians to genetically reprogram patients' own immune cells to find and attack cancer cells throughout the body. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy-a type of adoptive cell immunotherapy-has led to remarkable results in young patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in adults with lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Researchers are also exploring this approach in other types of cancer. This advance would not be possible without robust federal investment in cancer research. The first clinical trial of CAR T-cell therapy in children with ALL was funded, in part, by grants from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and researchers at the NCI Center for Cancer Research were the first to report on possible CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma. These discoveries follow decades of prior research on immunology and cancer biology, much of which was supported by federal dollars. In fact, many advances that are highlighted in the 2018 Clinical Cancer Advances report were made possible thanks to our nation's support for biomedical research. Funding from the US National Institutes of Health and the NCI helps researchers pursue critical patient care questions and addresses vital, unmet needs that private industry has little incentive to take on. Federally supported cancer research generates the biomedical innovations that fuel the development and availability of new and improved treatments for patients. We need sustained federal research investment to accelerate the discovery of the next generation of cancer treatments. Another major trend in this year's report is progress in precision medicine approaches to treat cancer. Although precision medicine offers promise to people with cancer and their families, that promise is only as good as our ability to make these treatments available to all patients. My presidential theme, "Delivering Discoveries: Expanding the Reach of Precision Medicine," focuses on tackling this formidable challenge so that new targeted therapies are accessible to anyone who faces a cancer diagnosis. By improving access to high-quality care, harnessing big data on patient outcomes from across the globe, and pursuing innovative clinical trials, I am optimistic that we will speed the delivery of these most promising treatments to more patients. Sincerely, Bruce E. Johnson, FASCO ASCO President, 2017 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Heymach
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Lada Krilov
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Anthony Alberg
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Nancy Baxter
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Susan Marina Chang
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - William Dale
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Angela DeMichele
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Catherine S Magid Diefenbach
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert Dreicer
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Andrew S Epstein
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Maura L Gillison
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David L Graham
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Joshua Jones
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Andrew H Ko
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Ana Maria Lopez
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert G Maki
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Richard L Schilsky
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Mario Sznol
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Shannon Neville Westin
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Harold Burstein
- John Heymach, Maura L. Gillison, and Shannon Neville Westin, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Lada Krilov and Richard L. Schilsky, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Anthony Alberg, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Nancy Baxter, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Susan Marina Chang and Andrew H. Ko, University of California, San Francisco; William Dale, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Ryan Corcoran, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harold Burstein, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Angela DeMichele and Joshua Jones, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Catherine S. Magid Diefenbach, University of New York; Andrew S. Epstein, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Robert G. Maki, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY; David L. Graham, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC; Ana Maria Lopez, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Mario Sznol, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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59776
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Skokauskas N, Lavelle TA, Munir K, Sampaio F, Nystrand C, McCrone P, McDaid D, Chisholm D, Byford S, Ganguli P, Feldman I, Belfer M. The cost of child and adolescent mental health services. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5:299-300. [PMID: 29580605 PMCID: PMC6812540 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Skokauskas
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David McDaid
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Dan Chisholm
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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59777
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Abstract
The recent publication of The Lancet Commission on pollution and health is a watershed moment for one of the greatest challenges to cardiovascular health. In this Comment article, we discuss the global burden of air pollution on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hadley
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Rajesh Vedanthan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
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59778
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Abstract
Migraine is a chronic paroxysmal neurological disorder characterised by multiphase attacks of head pain and a myriad of neurological symptoms. The underlying genetic and biological underpinnings and neural networks involved are coming sharply into focus. This progress in the fundamental understanding of migraine has led to novel, mechanism-based and disease-specific therapeutics. In this Seminar, the clinical features and neurobiology of migraine are reviewed, evidence to support available treatment options is provided, and emerging drug, device, and biological therapies are discussed.
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59779
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The impact of financial crisis on coronary artery disease burden in Greece. Hellenic J Cardiol 2018; 60:185-188. [PMID: 29601956 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic crisis poses an immense threat to public health worldwide and has been linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Greece is facing a distinctive recession over the recent years. However, the exact impact on coronary artery disease (CAD) burden has not been adequately addressed. METHODS Demographic, clinical, and angiographic data of 3895 hospitalized patients were retrospectively studied. Patients were classified into two groups: those before crisis (2006-2007, n = 1228) and those during crisis (2011-2015, n = 2667). RESULTS All data before and during crisis were compared. During crisis, patients presented with less acute coronary syndrome (ACS - 45.5% vs. 39.9%, p < 0.001). Subsequently, there were more patients without CAD (23.7% vs. 35.1%, p < 0.001) or one-vessel disease (20.5% vs. 23%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of traditional risk factors decreased significantly or remained stable except obesity (26.3% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.002). A significant increase in the examined females (23.6% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.04) was also observed. CONCLUSIONS The burden of CAD in Greece was partially affected during the financial crisis. Even though the incidence of ACS was decreased, more women and more patients with no- or single-vessel disease were referred for cardiac catheterization. In addition, the prevalence of traditional risk factors for CAD did not increase except obesity confirming the "obesity paradox." It seems that the impact of traditional risk factors for CAD is not an immediate process and is somewhat related to living conditions or other exogenous and social factors.
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59780
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Jusoh Z, Tohid H, Omar K, Muhammad NA, Ahmad S. Clinical and Sociodemographic Predictors of the Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:84-95. [PMID: 29599638 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of life (QoL) describes the multidimensional self-perceived well-being of a person, which is an important diabetes outcome. This study aimed to measure the QoL scores among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as their clinical and sociodemographic predictors. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 180 randomly sampled patients at a primary care clinic on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire containing the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life-18 (ADDQoL-18) was used. RESULTS Most of the respondents (96.7%) were Malay, with a median (interquartile range, IQR) age of 54.0 (14.0) years old. The majority of them were females (60.0%), married (81.1%) and from low-income families (63.3%), who attained a secondary education or lower (75.6%). Only 49.4% of them were employed. The mean (standard deviation, SD) ADDQoL-18 average weighted impact score was -4.58 (2.21) and all 18 domains were negatively affected, particularly the living condition, family life and working life. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the age (adjusted B = 0.05, P = 0.004) and insulin use (adjusted B = -0.84, P = 0.011) were QoL predictors. CONCLUSION T2DM negatively impacts the patient's QoL in all aspects of their life. The QoL improvement with age suggests that the older patients had accepted and adapted to their illness. The need to improve the QoL among insulin users was also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaleha Jusoh
- Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Dungun, Jalan Alor Tembesu, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hizlinda Tohid
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 14th Floor, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairani Omar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 14th Floor, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azimah Muhammad
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 14th Floor, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saharuddin Ahmad
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 14th Floor, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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59781
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Iuliano AD, Roguski KM, Chang HH, Muscatello DJ, Palekar R, Tempia S, Cohen C, Gran JM, Schanzer D, Cowling BJ, Wu P, Kyncl J, Ang LW, Park M, Redlberger-Fritz M, Yu H, Espenhain L, Krishnan A, Emukule G, van Asten L, Pereira da Silva S, Aungkulanon S, Buchholz U, Widdowson MA, Bresee JS. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. Lancet 2018; 391:1285-1300. [PMID: 29248255 PMCID: PMC5935243 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1686] [Impact Index Per Article: 281.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of influenza-associated mortality are important for national and international decision making on public health priorities. Previous estimates of 250 000-500 000 annual influenza deaths are outdated. We updated the estimated number of global annual influenza-associated respiratory deaths using country-specific influenza-associated excess respiratory mortality estimates from 1999-2015. METHODS We estimated country-specific influenza-associated respiratory excess mortality rates (EMR) for 33 countries using time series log-linear regression models with vital death records and influenza surveillance data. To extrapolate estimates to countries without data, we divided countries into three analytic divisions for three age groups (<65 years, 65-74 years, and ≥75 years) using WHO Global Health Estimate (GHE) respiratory infection mortality rates. We calculated mortality rate ratios (MRR) to account for differences in risk of influenza death across countries by comparing GHE respiratory infection mortality rates from countries without EMR estimates with those with estimates. To calculate death estimates for individual countries within each age-specific analytic division, we multiplied randomly selected mean annual EMRs by the country's MRR and population. Global 95% credible interval (CrI) estimates were obtained from the posterior distribution of the sum of country-specific estimates to represent the range of possible influenza-associated deaths in a season or year. We calculated influenza-associated deaths for children younger than 5 years for 92 countries with high rates of mortality due to respiratory infection using the same methods. FINDINGS EMR-contributing countries represented 57% of the global population. The estimated mean annual influenza-associated respiratory EMR ranged from 0·1 to 6·4 per 100 000 individuals for people younger than 65 years, 2·9 to 44·0 per 100 000 individuals for people aged between 65 and 74 years, and 17·9 to 223·5 per 100 000 for people older than 75 years. We estimated that 291 243-645 832 seasonal influenza-associated respiratory deaths (4·0-8·8 per 100 000 individuals) occur annually. The highest mortality rates were estimated in sub-Saharan Africa (2·8-16·5 per 100 000 individuals), southeast Asia (3·5-9·2 per 100 000 individuals), and among people aged 75 years or older (51·3-99·4 per 100 000 individuals). For 92 countries, we estimated that among children younger than 5 years, 9243-105 690 influenza-associated respiratory deaths occur annually. INTERPRETATION These global influenza-associated respiratory mortality estimates are higher than previously reported, suggesting that previous estimates might have underestimated disease burden. The contribution of non-respiratory causes of death to global influenza-associated mortality should be investigated. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Danielle Iuliano
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Katherine M Roguski
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Howard H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Muscatello
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Stefano Tempia
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jon Michael Gran
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dena Schanzer
- Infection Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peng Wu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jan Kyncl
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Li Wei Ang
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Minah Park
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Hongjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Laura Espenhain
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anand Krishnan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gideon Emukule
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liselotte van Asten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Susana Pereira da Silva
- Department of Epidemiology, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Suchunya Aungkulanon
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Udo Buchholz
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Joseph S Bresee
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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59782
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Haanpää L, Af Ursin P, Nermes M, Kaljonen A, Isolauri E. Association of allergic diseases with children's life satisfaction: population-based study in Finland. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019281. [PMID: 29602839 PMCID: PMC5884348 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of allergic diseases on the subjective well-being and life satisfaction of primary-school children. DESIGN Population-based cohort. SETTING Finnish sample of children ages 10 and 12 from the International Survey of Children's Well-Being. PARTICIPANTS Nationally representative sample of 1947 school children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Two different instruments to assess the child's own perception of well-being, the short version of the Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS) and the Brief Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS). RESULTS Altogether, 51.4% of children reported having at least one allergic condition (10.1% asthma, 23.8% eczema and 40.3% seasonal allergic rhinitis). A statistically significant distinction in life satisfaction emerged between non-allergic and allergic children (inferior in the latter). In particular, children with eczema were more likely to report a reduction in life satisfaction compared with non-allergic children (SLSS β=-128.220; BMSLSS β=-90.694; p<0.01). Apart from freedom from eczema, good life satisfaction was associated with a physically active lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS Active allergic disease reduces the child's own perception of well-being. During clinical visits, more attention should be paid to the child's psychosocial status and impairments, which may differ substantially from those of parents or medical authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Haanpää
- Child and Youth Research Institute, Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Piia Af Ursin
- Child and Youth Research Institute, Turun Yliopisto, Turku, Finland
- Department of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Nermes
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kaljonen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Isolauri
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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59783
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59784
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Avelar Rodriguez D, Toro Monjaraz EM, Ignorosa Arellano KR, Ramirez Mayans J. Childhood obesity in Mexico: social determinants of health and other risk factors. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-223862. [PMID: 29602890 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50 million children and adolescents in Latin America are affected by the childhood obesity pandemic. We present the case of a 5-year-old Mexican girl with obesity and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), in whom prenatal, lifestyle and environmental risk factors were identified. Here, we demonstrate how childhood obesity is rooted since pregnancy and the perinatal stage, and how the social determinants of health like unsafe outdoor conditions, lack of infrastructure to exercise and a suboptimal physical activity curriculum in government schools strongly influence the development and maintenance of childhood obesity and complicate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Avelar Rodriguez
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jaime Ramirez Mayans
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Coyoacan, Mexico
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59785
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(-)-Epicatechin and its metabolites prevent palmitate-induced NADPH oxidase upregulation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 646:55-63. [PMID: 29608879 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While diets rich in fruit and vegetables can decrease the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), diets rich in fat and carbohydrates can increase it. The flavanol-3-ol (-)-epicatechin (EC) can improve insulin sensitivity both in humans and animal models of T2D. NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress can contribute to the development of insulin resistance. This study investigated the capacity of EC and EC metabolites (ECM) to downregulate NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress, and its association to an improvement of insulin sensitivity. This was studied in in vivo (high fat-fed mice) and in vitro (HepG2 cells) conditions of hepatic lipid overload. EC decreased NOX3/NOX4 liver expression and mitigated oxidative stress in high fat-fed mice. In HepG2 cells, incubation with palmitate increased: i) lipid deposition, ii) NOX3/NOX4 expression, iii) NADPH oxidase activity, and iv) oxidative stress; promoting v) the activation of redox-sensitive kinases (JNK and IKK), and vi) impaired insulin responses. Physiological concentrations of EC and ECM, and NADPH oxidase inhibitors (apocynin, VAS2870) prevented all those deleterious effects of palmitate. The obtained results points to NADPH oxidases as an important target in the capacity of EC to improve insulin sensitivity in conditions of liver lipid overload, as those associated with Western-style diets.
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59786
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Boeckmann M, Nohavova I, Dogar O, Kralikova E, Pankova A, Zvolska K, Huque R, Fatima R, Noor M, Elsey H, Sheikh A, Siddiqi K, Kotz D. Protocol for the mixed-methods process and context evaluation of the TB & Tobacco randomised controlled trial in Bangladesh and Pakistan: a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019878. [PMID: 29602847 PMCID: PMC5887198 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health problem in South Asia. Tobacco use increases the risks of TB infection and TB progression. The TB& Tobacco placebo-controlled randomised trial aims to (1) assess the effectiveness of the tobacco cessation medication cytisine versus placebo when combined with behavioural support and (2) implement tobacco cessation medication and behavioural support as part of general TB care in Bangladesh and Pakistan. This paper summarises the process and context evaluation protocol embedded in the effectiveness-implementation hybrid design. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We are conducting a mixed-methods process and context evaluation informed by an intervention logic model that draws on the UK Medical Research Council's Process Evaluation Guidance. Our approach includes quantitative and qualitative data collection on context, recruitment, reach, dose delivered, dose received and fidelity. Quantitative data include patient characteristics, reach of recruitment among eligible patients, routine trial data on dose delivered and dose received, and a COM-B ('capability', 'opportunity', 'motivation' and 'behaviour') questionnaire filled in by participating health workers. Qualitative data include semistructured interviews with TB health workers and patients, and with policy-makers at district and central levels in each country. Interviews will be analysed using the framework approach. The behavioural intervention delivery is audio recorded and assessed using a predefined fidelity coding index based on behavioural change technique taxonomy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study complies with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval for the study and process evaluation was granted by the University of Leeds (qualitative components), University of York (trial data and fidelity assessment), Bangladesh Medical Research Council and Bangladesh Drug Administration (trial data and qualitative components) and Pakistan Medical Research Council (trial data and qualitative components). Results of this research will be disseminated through reports to stakeholders and peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN43811467; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Boeckmann
- Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iveta Nohavova
- University Hospital Prague VFN v. PRAZE, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Omara Dogar
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Eva Kralikova
- University Hospital Prague VFN v. PRAZE, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamila Zvolska
- University Hospital Prague VFN v. PRAZE, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Razia Fatima
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Helen Elsey
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel Kotz
- Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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59787
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Wimmersberger D, Coulibaly JT, Schulz JD, Puchkow M, Huwyler J, N’Gbesso Y, Hattendorf J, Keiser J. Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin Against Trichuris trichiura in Preschool-aged and School-aged Children: A Randomized Controlled Dose-finding Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:1247-1255. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Wimmersberger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
- University of Basel Switzerland
| | - Jean T Coulibaly
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
- University of Basel Switzerland
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jessica D Schulz
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
- University of Basel Switzerland
| | - Maxim Puchkow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yves N’Gbesso
- Centre de Santé Urbain d’Azaguié, Departement d’Agboville, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- University of Basel Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
- University of Basel Switzerland
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59788
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Suryavanshi SV, Jadhav SM, Anderson KL, Katsonis P, Lichtarge O, McConnell BK. Human muscle-specific A-kinase anchoring protein polymorphisms modulate the susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases by altering cAMP/PKA signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H109-H121. [PMID: 29600899 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the crucial cardiac signaling pathways is cAMP-mediated PKA signal transduction, which is regulated by a family of scaffolding proteins, i.e., A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Muscle-specific AKAP (mAKAP) partly regulates cardiac cAMP/PKA signaling by binding to PKA and phosphodiesterase 4D3 (PDE4D3), among other proteins, and plays a central role in modulating cardiac remodeling. Moreover, genetics plays an incomparable role in modifying the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various proteins have especially been shown to predispose individuals to CVDs. Hence, we hypothesized that human mAKAP polymorphisms found in humans with CVDs alter the cAMP/PKA pathway, influencing the susceptibility of individuals to CVDs. Our computational analyses revealed two mAKAP SNPs found in cardiac disease-related patients with the highest predicted deleterious effects, Ser 1653 Arg (S1653R) and Glu 2124 Gly (E2124G). Coimmunoprecipitation data in human embryonic kidney-293T cells showed that the S1653R SNP, present in the PDE4D3-binding domain of mAKAP, changed the binding of PDE4D3 to mAKAP and that the E2124G SNP, flanking the 3'-PKA binding domain, changed the binding of PKA before and after stimulation with isoproterenol. These SNPs significantly altered intracellular cAMP levels, global PKA activity, and cytosolic PDE activity compared with the wild type before and after isoproterenol stimulation. PKA-mediated phosphorylation of pathological markers was found to be upregulated after cell stimulation in both mutants. In conclusion, human mAKAP polymorphisms may influence the propensity of developing CVDs by affecting cAMP/PKA signaling, supporting the clinical significance of PKA-mAKAP-PDE4D3 interactions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in muscle-specific A-kinase anchoring protein found in human patients with cardiovascular diseases significantly affect the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Our results showed, for the first time, that human muscle-specific A-kinase anchoring protein polymorphisms might alter the susceptibility of individuals to develop cardiovascular diseases with known underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh V Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Shweta M Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Kody L Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Cullen College of Engineering , Houston, Texas
| | - Panagiotis Katsonis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
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59789
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Konkel L. Assessing a Medley of Metals: Combined Exposures and Incident Coronary Heart Disease. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:034002. [PMID: 29600838 PMCID: PMC6071747 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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59790
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Mendes LA, Lima INDF, Souza T, do Nascimento GC, Resqueti VR, Fregonezi GAF. Motor neuroprosthesis for promoting recovery of function after stroke. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Mendes
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH) & Department of Biomedical Engineering; Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil 59078-970
| | - Illia NDF Lima
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi; Santa Cruz Rio Grande do Norte Brazil 59200-000
| | - Tulio Souza
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Department of Physical Therapy; Natal Brazil 59078-970
| | - George C do Nascimento
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Caixa Postal 1524 - Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil 59078-970
| | - Vanessa R Resqueti
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH) & Department of Physical Therapy; Campus Universitario Lagoa Nova Caixa Postal 1524 Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil 59078-970
| | - Guilherme A F Fregonezi
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH) & Department of Physical Therapy; Campus Universitario Lagoa Nova Caixa Postal 1524 Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil 59078-970
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59791
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Tian Z, Li Y, Li L, Liu X, Shi Y, Yang K, Liu R, Zhang H, Qian X, Yin L, Zhao J, Wang C. Dose-response relationship between visceral fat index and untreated hypertension in Chinese rural population: the RuralDiab study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:448-456.e1. [PMID: 29678423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the association of visceral fat index (VFI) with untreated hypertension in different genders and evaluate the practicability of VFI as a marker for discriminating untreated hypertension in Chinese rural population. A total of 12,536 eligible participants aged 35 years and older were derived from the RuralDiab study in China. VFI was assessed with bioelectrical impendence methods and divided into sex-specific quartiles. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression were performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to analyze the discriminating performance of VFI. Meanwhile, a meta-analysis was conducted to validate the result of this study. Compared with the lowest VFI quartile, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in the highest VFI quartile were 3.68 (2.91-4.66) in male and 2.63 (2.12-3.25) in female (Ptrend < .01). Nonlinear increasing trends about the risk of untreated hypertension were observed with the continuously increasing VFI in both genders (Plinearity < .01). The sensitivity and specificity in the optimal cutoff values for VFI were 58.37% and 62.26% in male, and 49.09% and 66.67% in female. The area under the curves (95% CI) were 0.64 (0.63-0.66) in male and 0.61 (0.60-0.62) in female. Meta-analysis results displayed the pooled odds ratios (95% CI) of 2.65 (1.79-3.93) in male and 2.27 (1.74-2.95) in female. VFI was significantly positively correlated with the risk of untreated hypertension, and dose-response relationships were observed in both genders in Chinese rural population. However, VFI as a marker had limited potential for discriminating untreated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Kaili Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinling Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Prevention and Health care, Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jingzhi Zhao
- Department of Prevention and Health care, Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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59792
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Karikari TK, Charway-Felli A, Höglund K, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Commentary: Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Front Neurol 2018; 9:201. [PMID: 29651272 PMCID: PMC5885159 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Karikari
- School of Life Sciences, Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, The University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, The University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, The University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
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59793
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Conscious Sedation versus General Anesthesia for Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2318489. [PMID: 29789778 PMCID: PMC5896359 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2318489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the effect of conscious sedation (CS) with general anesthesia (GA) on clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Registers of Controlled Trials (from inception to July 2017) were searched for reports on CS and GA of AIS undergoing EVT. Two reviewers assessed the eligibility of the identified studies and extracted data. Data were analyzed using the fixed-effects model, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored by sensitive analysis. Trial sequential analysis was conducted to monitor boundaries for the limitation of global type I error, and GRADE system was demonstrated to evaluate the quality of evidence. A total of thirteen studies were finally identified. Pooled analysis of the incidence of mRS score ≦ 2 after hospital discharge and one or three months in the CS group was higher than that in the GA group. The all-causing mortality of AIS patients in the CS group was lower than that in the GA group. There were no differences in the proportion of IA rtPA and thrombolysis between the two groups. Compared with AIS patients receiving GA, the all-causing mortality in the AIS patients receiving CS was decreased, while incidence of mRS score ≦ 2 at hospital discharge and one or three months was increased.
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59794
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Kotzbeck P, Giordano A, Mondini E, Murano I, Severi I, Venema W, Cecchini MP, Kershaw EE, Barbatelli G, Haemmerle G, Zechner R, Cinti S. Brown adipose tissue whitening leads to brown adipocyte death and adipose tissue inflammation. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:784-794. [PMID: 29599420 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m079665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores and releases lipids, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxidizes lipids to fuel thermogenesis. In obese individuals, WAT undergoes profound changes; it expands, becomes dysfunctional, and develops a low-grade inflammatory state. Importantly, BAT content and activity decline in obese subjects, mainly as a result of the conversion of brown adipocytes to white-like unilocular cells. Here, we show that BAT "whitening" is induced by multiple factors, including high ambient temperature, leptin receptor deficiency, β-adrenergic signaling impairment, and lipase deficiency, each of which is capable of inducing macrophage infiltration, brown adipocyte death, and crown-like structure (CLS) formation. Brown-to-white conversion and increased CLS formation were most marked in BAT from adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl)-deficient mice, where, according to transmission electron microscopy, whitened brown adipocytes contained enlarged endoplasmic reticulum, cholesterol crystals, and some degenerating mitochondria, and were surrounded by an increased number of collagen fibrils. Gene expression analysis showed that BAT whitening in Atgl-deficient mice was associated to a strong inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Altogether, the present findings suggest that converted enlarged brown adipocytes are highly prone to death, which, by promoting inflammation in whitened BAT, may contribute to the typical inflammatory state seen in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kotzbeck
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Incoronata Murano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wiebe Venema
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Giorgio Barbatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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59795
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Braga Neto MB, Gregory M, Ramos GP, Loftus EV, Ciorba MA, Bruining DH, Bazerbachi F, Abu Dayyeh BK, Kushnir VM, Shah M, Collazo-Clavell ML, Raffals LE, Deepak P. De-novo Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Bariatric Surgery: A Large Case Series. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:452-457. [PMID: 29272375 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Case reports of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] have been reported in patients with a history of bariatric surgery. Our aim was to characterize patients who were diagnosed with IBD after having undergone bariatric surgery. METHODS Electronic medical records were reviewed at two institutions to identify patients who developed de-novo Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis [UC] after bariatric surgery. Data on demographics, type of bariatric surgical procedure, IBD subtype, phenotype and medication usage were obtained. The incidence rate of de-novo IBD after bariatric surgery [per 100000 person-years] and standardized incidence ratio [SIR] were estimated from a prospective bariatric surgery database. RESULTS A total of 44 patients with de-novo IBD after bariatric surgery were identified [31 Crohn's disease, 12 UC, one IBD unclassified]. Most patients were female [88.6%], with median age at IBD onset of 44 years [IQR, 37-52] and median time to IBD diagnosis after bariatric surgery of 7 years [IQR, 3-10]. Sixty-eight per cent underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In the prospective database, the incidence of IBD in patients who underwent bariatric surgery was 26.7 per 100000 person-years [4.5 for UC and 22.3 for Crohn's disease]. The age-adjusted SIR ranged from 3.56 in the 40-49 year age group to 4.73 in the 30-39 year age group. CONCLUSION We described a case series of patients developing de-novo IBD after bariatric surgery. There appears to be a numerically higher incidence of Crohn's disease in this population. Confirmation of causality is required in larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel B Braga Neto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martin Gregory
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guilherme P Ramos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Edward V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David H Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fateh Bazerbachi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barham K Abu Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vladimir M Kushnir
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meera Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria L Collazo-Clavell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura E Raffals
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Parakkal Deepak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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59796
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Suo Y, Chen W, Pan Y, Peng Y, Yan H, Li W, Liu G, Wang Y. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Hematoma Expansion of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2006-2013. [PMID: 29605289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematoma expansion is an independent risk factor of unfavorable outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which always occurs in the early phase after symptoms onset. The relationship between underlying small vessel disease (SVD) and hematoma expansion was inconsistent in patients with ICH. We aimed to investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of SVD and hematoma expansion in patients with ICH within 72 hours after symptoms onset. METHODS Data were derived from a cohort of biological sample collection from April 2014 to April 2016. We recruited patients aged 18 years or older with a baseline and follow-up computed tomography within 72 hours after symptom onset, as well as an MR imaging within 3 months before or after ICH. Hematoma expansion was defined as an increase in volume between baseline and final hematoma volume exceeding 6 mL or 33% of the baseline volume. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the association between clinical characteristics, imaging markers, total SVD score, and hematoma expansion in patients with ICH. RESULTS A total of 103 patients experienced hematoma expansion among the 263 enrolled patients (mean age 53.4 ± 14.0 years, 76.4% male). Electrocardiogram abnormal rhythm, fewer non-lobar microbleeds, lower plasma homocysteine concentration, and smaller baseline hematoma volume independently predicted the risk of hematoma expansion (P = .004, .021, .001, and .024, respectively). Odds ratios ranged from 1.02 to 3.72. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that the use of MR markers revealing underlying SVD may help to identify patients with ICH with potential hematoma expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Suo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Monogenic Disease Research Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaifen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
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59797
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Axley P, Ahmed Z, Ravi S, Singal AK. Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Narrative Review. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:79-84. [PMID: 29607308 PMCID: PMC5863002 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of liver-related death worldwide. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of advanced hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with significantly increased risk for development of HCC. The morbidity and mortality of HCV-related HCC remains high, as rates of HCV cirrhosis continue to increase. The long-term goal of antiviral therapy for chronic HCV is to reduce complications from cirrhosis, including HCC. The advent of new direct-acting antivirals with high rates of virological clearance has revolutionized cure of HCV infection. While the development of HCC in HCV patients who achieve disease sustained virologic response is reduced, these patients remain at risk for HCC, particularly those patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review outlines the epidemiology of HCC in chronic HCV, various mechanisms, risk factors and pathophysiology that contribute to this disease process, screening recommendations, and the available data on the impact of new direct-acting antiviral treatment on the development on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Page Axley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zunirah Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sujan Ravi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashwani K. Singal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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59798
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Sung B. Effects of Different Types of Smoking Cessation Treatments for South Korean Adult Smokers without an Intention to Quit. J Lifestyle Med 2018; 8:33-41. [PMID: 29581958 PMCID: PMC5846642 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2018.8.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While there are many different ways to quit smoking, current methods are not equally successful. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of different types of stop smoking treatment for South Korean adult smokers without an intention to quit. Methods This cross-sectional study used data of 14,174 adults (age 19 years and over) from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2007–2012) who have experience of smoking. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results According to multiple logistic regression analysis, the education and counseling plus prescription drug group (OR = 14.831, 95% CI = 1.256 to 175.136) and education and counseling plus NRT group (OR = 3.060, 95% CI = 1.971 to 4.748) were associated with increased odds of quitting success compared to the no intervention group. Second, the education and counseling group was associated with increased odds of quitting success compared to the no intervention group (OR = 4.944, 95% CI = 3.463 to 7.058). Third, education and counseling plus NRT (OR = 0.325, 95% CI = 0.161 to 0.657) and NRT alone (OR = 0.322, 95% CI = 0.175 to 0.593) were associated with decreased odds of quitting success compared to the group using prescription drug only. Conclusion These findings suggest that an approach utilizing education and counseling plus prescription drugs is the most successful type of stop smoking treatment for South Korean adult smokers without an intention to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baksun Sung
- Research Committee, Korea Institute for Health and Welfare Policy, Seoul, Korea
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59799
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Porcu M, Machado RCBR, Urbano M, Verri WA, Rossaneis AC, Vargas HO, Nunes SOV. Depressed female smokers have higher levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 7:90-95. [PMID: 29892702 PMCID: PMC5993894 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine clinical and biomarkers in depressed female smokers, in order to better clarify the process that link mood disorders, childhood trauma and smoking in women. Methods The clinical sample comprised women with unipolar or bipolar depression, divided into subgroups of smokers and never-smoker. The control groups comprised two subgroups non-depressed women, separated into smokers and never-smokers. A structured questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic and clinical data. The following scales were used: 17-item version Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAM-A), Sheehan disability scale, the Child Trauma Questionnaire. The following biomarkers were investigated: lipid profile, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides the Castelli's Risk indexes I and II; and cytokines, including interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1). Results Depressed female smokers showed a number of significant positive correlations: emotional neglect and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.02); waist circumference and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.001); body mass index and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); HAM-A and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.03); IL-1β and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); IL-10 and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.001); IL-12 and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01);Castelli index I and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); Castelli index II and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); and a significantly negative correlation between HDLc and sTNF-R1(p = 0.014). Conclusion This study suggests that depressed female smokers who experienced more childhood trauma and had more anxiety symptoms are associated with the activation of inflammatory processes and alterations in components of lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Porcu
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Bueno Rezende Machado
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Urbano
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Statistics, Center of Exact Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rossaneis
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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59800
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Li CX, Weng H, Zheng J, Feng ZH, Ou JL, Liao WJ. Association Between MicroRNAs Polymorphisms and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis in Chinese Individuals. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:82. [PMID: 29643803 PMCID: PMC5882832 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs are related to the risk of ischemic stroke (IS), but the conclusions are still controversial and inconclusive. We performed this meta-analysis to further assess the association between miR-146a C>G (rs2910164), miR-149 T>C (rs2292832), miR-196a2 T>C (rs11614913), miR-499 A>G (rs3746444) and risk of IS in Chinese individuals. Methods: Relevant studies were identified in the databases of PubMed, Embase. The strength of correlation between microRNAs polymorphisms and IS risk was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) under five genetic models. Results: 5 studies, containing 2,632 cases and 3,191 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results of meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant association between miR-146a C>G (rs2910164), miR-149 T>C (rs2292832), miR-196a2 T>C (rs11614913), and the IS risk in the overall analyses. MiR-499 A>G (rs3746444) was associated with an increased IS risk under allele model (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02-1.66), heterozygous model (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01-1.79) and dominant model (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02-1.80) in Chinese. The sensitivity analysis results of these four polymorphisms were similar to the overall results. Conclusion: MiR-499 A>G (rs3746444) G allele and AG, AG + AA genotype might be risk factors of IS in Chinese. No significant association was observed between miR-146a C>G (rs2910164), miR-149 T>C (rs2292832), miR-196a2 T>C (rs11614913), and IS risk. The associations may be different due to geographical factors of China. More explorations in more diverse geographically regions with large sample size are expected to further verify the findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Weng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-He Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Lin Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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