8301
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Noguchi M, Tachimori H, Naganuma Y, Zhao X, Kono T, Horii S, Takeshima T. Families' opinions about caring for patients with psychiatric disorders after involuntary hospitalization in Japan. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2016; 62:167-75. [PMID: 26631271 DOI: 10.1177/0020764015614595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is imperative to know families' opinions about where patients should live after discharge from involuntary hospitalization in the era of community mental health. METHODS Questionnaires were sent (March-May 2011) to 808 guardians of patients who were involuntarily hospitalized in Japan (response rate = 54.2%). The final sample size was 365 family members. Whether families wanted to live with the patient after discharge from the hospital was the primary outcome variable. The associations of the demographic characteristics of the patients and families with the outcome variable were tested using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Approximately, 19% of the family guardians wanted to live with the patient after discharge from the hospital. Their wish to cohabit was positively associated with being a female (vs male) patient, having three or more cohabitants in the home and having lived together before hospitalization, after adjusting for the other covariates. Long-term hospitalization (10 years or longer) and siblings were significantly associated with the families not wanting to cohabit, after adjusting for the other covariates. CONCLUSION It is important to know families' opinions about patients' living situations after discharge from involuntary hospitalization to provide them with an effective support system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Noguchi
- Okayama Prefectural Mental Health and Welfare Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Naganuma
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Xianghua Zhao
- Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kono
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horii
- Department of Psychiatry, Zikei Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takeshima
- Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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8302
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Seeman MV. Gendering psychosis: the illness of Zelda Fitzgerald. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2016; 42:65-69. [PMID: 26392268 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2015-010734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric textbooks tend to describe psychosis as it is experienced by men. The well-documented illness of Zelda Fitzgerald illustrates the feminine side of psychosis. The distinctive features of Zelda's illness--its specific precipitants, the timing of its onset, the discontinuities in its course, the pronounced mood swings, the preservation of intellect and of agency, the maintenance of human ties, the association of flare-ups with immune and hormonal changes, the responsiveness to treatment, the lifelong creativity and productivity--show the female side of psychotic illness, one that is rarely described in diagnostic manuals. This paper relies on Nancy Milford's biography of Zelda, as well as on several other biographical sources and, using Zelda's own words and the words of her husband and friends, allows entry into a feminine world of psychosis, not encountered in textbooks. The expression of psychotic illness varies from person to person, its exact shape depending on many factors, most of them still undetermined, but gender is a critically important core component of variance.
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8303
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A systematic review of the clinical efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 74:70-86. [PMID: 26765514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which can be used to selectively disrupt patterns of neural activity that are associated with symptoms of mental illness. tDCS has been implemented in numerous therapeutic trials across a range of patient populations, with a rapidly increasing number of studies being published each year. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Four electronic databases were searched from inception until December 2015 by two independent reviewers, and 66 eligible studies were identified. Depression was the most extensively researched condition, followed by schizophrenia and substance use disorders. Data on obsessive compulsive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, and anorexia nervosa were also obtained. The quality of included studies was appraised using a standardised assessment framework, which yielded a median score corresponding to "weak" on the three-point scale. This improved to "moderate" when case reports/series were excluded from the analysis. Overall, data suggested that tDCS interventions comprising multiple sessions can ameliorate symptoms of several major psychiatric disorders, both acutely and in the long-term. Nevertheless, the tDCS field is still in its infancy, and several methodological and ethical issues must be addressed before clinical efficacy can truly be determined. Studies probing the mechanisms of action of tDCS and those facilitating the definition of optimised stimulation protocols are warranted. Furthermore, evidence from large-scale, multi-centre randomised controlled trials is required if the transition of this therapy from the laboratory to the clinic is to be considered.
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8304
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Costas J, Carrera N, Alonso P, Gurriarán X, Segalàs C, Real E, López-Solà C, Mas S, Gassó P, Domènech L, Morell M, Quintela I, Lázaro L, Menchón JM, Estivill X, Carracedo Á. Exon-focused genome-wide association study of obsessive-compulsive disorder and shared polygenic risk with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e768. [PMID: 27023174 PMCID: PMC4872458 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) account for a large proportion of the heritability of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Co-ocurrence of OCD and schizophrenia is commoner than expected based on their respective prevalences, complicating the clinical management of patients. This study addresses two main objectives: to identify particular genes associated with OCD by SNP-based and gene-based tests; and to test the existence of a polygenic risk shared with schizophrenia. The primary analysis was an exon-focused genome-wide association study of 370 OCD cases and 443 controls from Spain. A polygenic risk model based on the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium schizophrenia data set (PGC-SCZ2) was tested in our OCD data. A polygenic risk model based on our OCD data was tested on previous data of schizophrenia from our group. The most significant association at the gene-based test was found at DNM3 (P=7.9 × 10(-5)), a gene involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. The polygenic risk model from PGC-SCZ2 data was strongly associated with disease status in our OCD sample, reaching its most significant value after removal of the major histocompatibility complex region (lowest P=2.3 × 10(-6), explaining 3.7% of the variance). The shared polygenic risk was confirmed in our schizophrenia data. In conclusion, DNM3 may be involved in risk to OCD. The shared polygenic risk between schizophrenia and OCD may be partially responsible for the frequent comorbidity of both disorders, explaining epidemiological data on cross-disorder risk. This common etiology may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Costas
- Grupo de Xenética Psiquiátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Grupo de Xenética Psiquiátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde, despacho 15, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. E-mail:
| | - N Carrera
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Alonso
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Gurriarán
- Grupo de Xenética Psiquiátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Segalàs
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Real
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - C López-Solà
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Mas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Gassó
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Domènech
- Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Morell
- Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado - Instituto Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Menchón
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Estivill
- Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Á Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Servicio Galego de Saúde, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado - Instituto Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8305
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Meier SM, Mattheisen M, Mors O, Schendel DE, Mortensen PB, Plessen KJ. Mortality Among Persons With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Denmark. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:268-274. [PMID: 26818216 PMCID: PMC5082974 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Several mental disorders have consistently been found to be associated with decreased life expectancy, but little is known about whether this is also the case for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OBJECTIVE To determine whether persons who receive a diagnosis of OCD are at increased risk of death. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using data from Danish registers, we conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study with 30 million person-years of follow-up. The data were collected from Danish longitudinal registers. A total of 3 million people born between 1955 and 2006 were followed up from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2011. During this period, 27,236 people died. The data were analyzed primarily in June 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We estimated mortality rate ratios (MRRs), adjusted for calendar year, age, sex, maternal and paternal age, place of residence at birth, and somatic comorbidities, to compare persons with OCT with persons without OCD. RESULTS Of 10,155 persons with OCD (5935 women and 4220 men with a mean [SD] age of 29.1 [11.3] years who contributed a total of 54,937 person-years of observation), 110 (1.1%) died during the average follow-up of 9.7 years. The risk of death by natural or unnatural causes was significantly higher among persons with OCD (MRR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.31-2.12] for natural causes; MRR, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.91-3.47] for unnatural causes) than among the general population. After the exclusion of persons with comorbid anxiety disorders, depression, or substance use disorders, OCD was still associated with increased mortality risk (MRR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.27-2.67]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The presence of OCD was associated with a significantly increased mortality risk. Comorbid anxiety disorders, depression, or substance use disorders further increased the risk. However, after adjusting for these and somatic comorbidities, we found that the mortality risk remained significantly increased among persons with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Meier
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark2Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark3Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre–Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark4Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark5Research Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diana E. Schendel
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark2Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark6Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Preben B. Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark2Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark7Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kerstin J. Plessen
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark3Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre–Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8306
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Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human brain morphology and function: What is the evidence? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:546-61. [PMID: 26742901 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Public opinion and media coverage suggest that there are benefits of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) intake on brain functioning. However, it is an open question whether this is indeed the case. Therefore, we reviewed the evidence for effects of ω-3 LC-PUFA on human brain morphology and function. We included studies on (1) naturalistic long-term ω-3 LC-PUFA intake during life (2) the effects of short-term ω-3 LC-PUFA supplementation in healthy subjects and (3) the effects of ω-3 LC-PUFA supplementation as alternative or add-on treatment for psychiatric or neurological disorders. To date, 24 studies have been published on the effect of ω-3 LC-PUFA on brain function and structure. Findings from naturalistic studies and clinical trials in healthy individuals indicate that ω-3 LC-PUFA intake may be associated with increased functional activation of the prefrontal cortex in children, and greater gray matter volume and white matter integrity during aging. However, most naturalistic studies were cross-sectional or did not find any effect on cognition. As such, it is hard to estimate the magnitude of any beneficial effects. Furthermore, there is only limited evidence to support that ω-3 LC-PUFA supplementation is beneficial in brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and schizophrenia. Overall, the literature suggests that sensitivity to supplementation may vary over development, and as a consequence of brain disorders. The biological mechanisms underlying any (beneficial) effects ω-3 LC-PUFAs on the brain are currently unknown and need to be investigated.
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8307
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Morgese MG, Tucci P, Mhillaj E, Bove M, Schiavone S, Trabace L, Cuomo V. Lifelong Nutritional Omega-3 Deficiency Evokes Depressive-Like State Through Soluble Beta Amyloid. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2079-2089. [PMID: 26924315 PMCID: PMC5355522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence pointed out that the prevalence of depression has reached epidemic proportions in last decades. This increase has been linked to many environmental factors, among these the influence of dietary factors has gained great attention. In particular, it has been reported that low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake in diet is correlated to the development of depressive and anxiety-like symptoms. Furthermore, maternal malnutrition is a widely accepted risk factor for developing mental illness in later adulthood; among others, depression has been strongly associated to this event. On the other hand, we have previously found that acute intracerebral injection of the soluble beta amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1–42) peptide induces a depressive-like behavior in rats, associated to altered hypothalamic–pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and reduced cortical serotonin and neurotrophin levels. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of pre- and post-natal (5 weeks post-weaning) exposure to diets differently enriched in n-3, n-6, as well as n-6/n-3 PUFA balanced, on immobility time displayed on the forced swimming test (FST), along with neuroendocrine quantification in offspring rats. Results showed that n-6 PUFA-enriched diet increased depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, as shown by the elevation in the immobility time in the FST test and self-grooming in the open field test. Those effects were accompanied by reduced cortical serotonin, high plasmatic corticosterone and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor levels. Finally, enhanced plasmatic Aβ1–42 levels after n-6 PUFA diet and reduced plasmatic Aβ1–42 levels after n-3 PUFA were found. Taken together, our data indicate that Aβ1–42 might be crucially involved in behavioral alterations found after n-6 rich PUFA diet and strongly endorse the protective role of n-3 and the detrimental effect of improper n-6 PUFA diet consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8308
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Karukivi M, Jula A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Juonala M, Raitakari O. Is alexithymia associated with metabolic syndrome? A study in a healthy adult population. Psychiatry Res 2016; 236:58-63. [PMID: 26747214 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors for, in particular, cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality, and it constitutes a major clinical challenge affecting millions of lives. Alexithymia is a condition that has been linked with several mental diseases and symptoms, as well as somatic illnesses, including essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, there is limited research on the association of alexithymia and MetS. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively explore this association in a large (n=1648) non-clinical sample of adults. Logistic regression analyses were applied to the five separate MetS components as well as the MetS diagnosis, and the analyses included a number of sociodemographic variables and depressive symptoms as covariates. The results confirmed the previous finding of alexithymic features being independently and significantly associated with hypertension. As a new finding, this association appears to be related to two particular dimensions of alexithymia, namely difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking. Interestingly, alexithymic features were also separately significantly associated with waist circumference and triglycerides as well as the MetS diagnosis. Depressive symptoms did not have any significant effect on the relations of alexithymia and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Karukivi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Psychiatric Care Division, Satakunta Hospital District, Harjavalta, Finland.
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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8309
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González-Giraldo Y, González-Reyes RE, Forero DA. A functional variant in MIR137, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, affects Stroop test performance in young adults. Psychiatry Res 2016; 236:202-205. [PMID: 26778630 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MIR137, a brain expressed miRNA, has been identified as a top novel susceptibility gene for schizophrenia (SZ). 230 healthy participants completed the Stroop test and were genotyped for a functional Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) in MIR137 gene. MIR137 VNTR genotypes were associated with differences in Stroop facilitation and accuracies in congruent trials and for the total number of errors. This is the first study of the functional VNTR in MIR137 gene and Stroop test performance in healthy subjects. Our results could have important implications for the identification of genetic candidates for endophenotypes for SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.
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8310
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Bøttger P, Glerup S, Gesslein B, Illarionova NB, Isaksen TJ, Heuck A, Clausen BH, Füchtbauer EM, Gramsbergen JB, Gunnarson E, Aperia A, Lauritzen M, Lambertsen KL, Nissen P, Lykke-Hartmann K. Glutamate-system defects behind psychiatric manifestations in a familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 disease-mutation mouse model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22047. [PMID: 26911348 PMCID: PMC4766516 DOI: 10.1038/srep22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex brain disorder, and understanding the complexity of this prevalent disease could improve quality of life for millions of people. Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 2 (FHM2) is a subtype of migraine with aura and co-morbidities like epilepsy/seizures, cognitive impairments and psychiatric manifestations, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). FHM2 disease-mutations locate to the ATP1A2 gene encoding the astrocyte-located α2-isoform of the sodium-potassium pump (α2Na+/K+-ATPase). We show that knock-in mice heterozygous for the FHM2-associated G301R-mutation (α2+/G301R) phenocopy several FHM2-relevant disease traits e.g., by mimicking mood depression and OCD. In vitro studies showed impaired glutamate uptake in hippocampal mixed astrocyte-neuron cultures from α2G301R/G301R E17 embryonic mice, and moreover, induction of cortical spreading depression (CSD) resulted in reduced recovery in α2+/G301R male mice. Moreover, NMDA-type glutamate receptor antagonists or progestin-only treatment reverted specific α2+/G301R behavioral phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate that studies of an in vivo relevant FHM2 disease knock-in mouse model provide a link between the female sex hormone cycle and the glutamate system and a link to co-morbid psychiatric manifestations of FHM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bøttger
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology Research, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Glerup
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Research Centre MIND, Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bodil Gesslein
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nina B Illarionova
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toke J Isaksen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Heuck
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bettina H Clausen
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology Research, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jan B Gramsbergen
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology Research, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Eli Gunnarson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anita Aperia
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Glostrup Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kate L Lambertsen
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology Research, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Poul Nissen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish Research Institute for Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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8311
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Yang JC, Rodriguez A, Royston A, Niu YQ, Avar M, Brill R, Simon C, Grigsby J, Hagerman RJ, Olichney JM. Memantine Improves Attentional Processes in Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome: Electrophysiological Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21719. [PMID: 26898832 PMCID: PMC4761982 DOI: 10.1038/srep21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive cognitive deficits are common in patients with fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), with no targeted treatment yet established. In this substudy of the first randomized controlled trial for FXTAS, we examined the effects of NMDA antagonist memantine on attention and working memory. Data were analyzed for patients (24 in each arm) who completed both the primary memantine trial and two EEG recordings (at baseline and follow-up) using an auditory “oddball” task. Results demonstrated significantly improved attention/working memory performance after one year only for the memantine group. The event-related potential P2 amplitude elicited by non-targets was significantly enhanced in the treated group, indicating memantine-associated improvement in attentional processes at the stimulus identification/discrimination level. P2 amplitude increase was positively correlated with improvement on the behavioral measure of attention/working memory during target detection. Analysis also revealed that memantine treatment normalized the P2 habituation effect at the follow-up visit. These findings indicate that memantine may benefit attentional processes that represent fundamental components of executive function/dysfunction, thought to comprise the core cognitive deficit in FXTAS. The results provide evidence of target engagement of memantine, as well as therapeutically relevant information that could further the development of specific cognitive or disease-modifying therapies for FXTAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chen Yang
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618 USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA
| | - Annette Rodriguez
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618 USA.,Department of Psychology, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, 95819 USA
| | - Ashley Royston
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618 USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616 USA
| | - Yu-Qiong Niu
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618 USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA
| | - Merve Avar
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618 USA.,University of Vienna, Vienna, 1010 Austria
| | - Ryan Brill
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618 USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA
| | - Christa Simon
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618 USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA
| | - Jim Grigsby
- Department of Psychology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217 USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M.I.N.D.) Institute, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA
| | - John M Olichney
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618 USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA
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8312
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Nerini E, Bruno F, Citterio F, Schena FP. Nonadherence to immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant recipients: can technology help? J Nephrol 2016; 29:627-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8313
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Barnes MC, Gunnell D, Davies R, Hawton K, Kapur N, Potokar J, Donovan JL. Understanding vulnerability to self-harm in times of economic hardship and austerity: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010131. [PMID: 26888729 PMCID: PMC4762121 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-harm and suicide increase in times of economic recession, but little is known about why people self-harm when in financial difficulty, and in what circumstances self-harm occurs. This study aimed to understand events and experiences leading to the episode of self-harm and to identify opportunities for prevention or mitigation of distress. SETTING Participants' homes or university rooms. PARTICIPANTS 19 people who had attended hospital following self-harm in two UK cities and who specifically cited job loss, economic hardship or the impact of austerity measures as a causal or contributory factor. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Semistructured, in-depth interviews. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed cross-sectionally and as case studies. RESULTS Study participants described experiences of severe economic hardship; being unable to find employment or losing jobs, debt, housing problems and benefit sanctions. In many cases problems accumulated and felt unresolvable. For others an event, such as a call from a debt collector or benefit change triggered the self-harm. Participants also reported other current or past difficulties, including abuse, neglect, bullying, domestic violence, mental health problems, relationship difficulties, bereavements and low self-esteem. These contributed to their sense of despair and worthlessness and increased their vulnerability to self-harm. Participants struggled to gain the practical help they felt they needed for their economic difficulties or therapeutic support that might have helped with their other co-existing or historically damaging experiences. CONCLUSIONS Economic hardships resulting from the recession and austerity measures accumulated or acted as a 'final straw' to trigger self-harm, often in the context of co-existing or historically damaging life-experiences. Interventions to mitigate these effects should include providing practical advice about economic issues before difficulties become insurmountable and providing appropriate psychosocial support for vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Barnes
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK
| | - D Gunnell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK
| | - R Davies
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK
| | - K Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Kapur
- Centre for Suicide Prevention, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Potokar
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK
| | - J L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK
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8314
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Guio-Vega GP, Forero DA. Functional genomics of candidate genes derived from genome-wide association studies for five common neurological diseases. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:118-123. [PMID: 26829381 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2016.1149172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are identifying novel candidate genes for several neurological diseases (NDs). However, a global functional analysis of those genes derived from GWAS for NDs is missing. We explored the genomic and functional features of novel candidate genes for five common NDs: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke and migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A functional enrichment analysis was performed for GWAS-derived genes, for categories such as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, gene expression, InterPro domains, transcription factor binding sites, gene ontology (GO) terms and microRNA (miRNA) targets. An analysis of protein-protein interactions was carried out. RESULTS Six hundred and forty-two unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for the five NDs and 2.3% of them were non-synonymous SNPs. There were no common SNPs for all five NDs and eight genes were associated with more than one ND. The enrichment analysis showed significant values for several GO categories, such as cell-cell adhesion and location in neurites and for expression in prefrontal cortex. An analysis of protein-protein interactions showed the evidence of a large component. Fifty-one of these GWAS-derived genes are known to be potentially druggable and twelve are known to harbor mutations for neuropsychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is little overlap between the genes identified in GWAS for the five common NDs. Identification of functional categories in the GWAS-derived candidate genes for common NDs could lead to a better understanding of their functional consequences and could be useful for the future discovery of additional genetic risk factors for those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina P Guio-Vega
- a Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Group , Universidad Antonio Nariño , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Diego A Forero
- a Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Group , Universidad Antonio Nariño , Bogotá , Colombia
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8315
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Music therapy and Alzheimer's disease: Cognitive, psychological, and behavioural effects. Neurologia 2016; 32:300-308. [PMID: 26896913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Music therapy is one of the types of active ageing programmes which are offered to elderly people. The usefulness of this programme in the field of dementia is beginning to be recognised by the scientific community, since studies have reported physical, cognitive, and psychological benefits. Further studies detailing the changes resulting from the use of music therapy with Alzheimer patients are needed. OBJECTIVES Determine the clinical improvement profile of Alzheimer patients who have undergone music therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease underwent music therapy for 6 weeks. The changes in results on the Mini-mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Barthel Index scores were studied. We also analysed whether or not these changes were influenced by the degree of dementia severity. RESULTS Significant improvement was observed in memory, orientation, depression and anxiety (HAD scale) in both mild and moderate cases; in anxiety (NPI scale) in mild cases; and in delirium, hallucinations, agitation, irritability, and language disorders in the group with moderate Alzheimer disease. The effect on cognitive measures was appreciable after only 4 music therapy sessions. CONCLUSIONS In the sample studied, music therapy improved some cognitive, psychological, and behavioural alterations in patients with Alzheimer disease. Combining music therapy with dance therapy to improve motor and functional impairment would be an interesting line of research.
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8316
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Brownstein CA, Kleiman RJ, Engle EC, Towne MC, D'Angelo EJ, Yu TW, Beggs AH, Picker J, Fogler JM, Carroll D, Schmitt RCO, Wolff RR, Shen Y, Lip V, Bilguvar K, Kim A, Tembulkar S, O'Donnell K, Gonzalez-Heydrich J. Overlapping 16p13.11 deletion and gain of copies variations associated with childhood onset psychosis include genes with mechanistic implications for autism associated pathways: Two case reports. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:1165-73. [PMID: 26887912 PMCID: PMC4833544 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variability at 16p13.11 has been associated with intellectual disability, autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Adolescent/adult- onset psychosis has been reported in a subset of these cases. Here, we report on two children with CNVs in 16p13.11 that developed psychosis before the age of 7. The genotype and neuropsychiatric abnormalities of these patients highlight several overlapping genes that have possible mechanistic relevance to pathways previously implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorders, including the mTOR signaling and the ubiquitin-proteasome cascades. A careful screening of the 16p13.11 region is warranted in patients with childhood onset psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Brownstein
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robin J Kleiman
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Meghan C Towne
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugene J D'Angelo
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy W Yu
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan H Beggs
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Picker
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason M Fogler
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Devon Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel C O Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert R Wolff
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yiping Shen
- Claritas Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Va Lip
- Claritas Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - April Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sahil Tembulkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyle O'Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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8317
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Rabanea-Souza T, Akiba HT, Berberian AA, Bressan RA, Dias ÁM, Lacerda ALT. Neuropsychological correlates of remission in chronic schizophrenia subjects: The role of general and task-specific executive processes. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2016; 3:39-46. [PMID: 28740806 PMCID: PMC5506725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Although cognitive deficits have consistently been characterized as core features of schizophrenia, they have not been incorporated into definitions of remission. Furthermore, just a few studies have examined the relationship between cognitive deficits and symptomatic remission. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the executive functioning of nonremitted schizophrenia patients. Methods 72 remitted and 42 nonremitted schizophrenia patients, and 119 healthy controls were examined. Subjects were tested with a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests, including a measure to assess the general components of executive functioning and individual tasks to tap the three specific executive dimensions assessed in the present study, namely updating, shifting and inhibition. Results Schizophrenia subjects performed poorly on general executive functioning and shifting tasks in comparison to healthy controls. Remitted subjects performed better than nonremitted on inhibition and updating tasks. Whereas being a male and showing decreases in updating increase the chances of being in the nonremitted schizophrenia subjects group, increases in shifting and updating enhance the odds of being in the healthy control group. Conclusion The present findings suggest that executive function deficits are present in chronic schizophrenic patients. In addition, specific executive processes might be associated to symptom remission. Future studies examining prospectively first-episode, drug naive patients diagnosed with schizophrenia may be especially elucidative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Rabanea-Souza
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique T Akiba
- Experimental Psychology Program, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur A Berberian
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Álvaro M Dias
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acioly L T Lacerda
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8318
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Shulman RW, Kalra S, Jiang JZ. Validation of the Sour Seven Questionnaire for screening delirium in hospitalized seniors by informal caregivers and untrained nurses. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:44. [PMID: 26879927 PMCID: PMC4754883 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Delirium is a common condition in hospitalized seniors that nonetheless often goes undetected by nurses or is delayed in being detected which negatively impacts quality of care and outcomes. We sought to develop a new screening tool for delirium, The Sour Seven Questionnaire, a 7-item questionnaire suitable to be completed from informal or untrained caregiver observation. The study aimed to develop the scoring criteria for a positive delirium screen and assess concurrent validity of the questionnaire against a geriatric psychiatrist’s assessment. Methods A pilot study of 80 hospitalized seniors over age 65 recruited from three units (2 medical, 1 orthopedic). Participants were assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) with a brief cognitive screen and the Sour Seven Questionnaire posed to the appointed informal caregiver (family member) or untrained nurse for up-to 7 days. Subjects testing positive on the CAM and a random sample of negatively CAM screened subjects were assessed by the geriatric psychiatrist. Results From 80 participants, 21 screened positive for delirium on the CAM. 18 of the 21 CAM positive screens were diagnosed to have delirium by the geriatric psychiatrist, and 17 of the 18 randomly assigned negative CAM screens were confirmed as not having delirium. From the questionnaires on these 39 participants, weighted scoring for each of the 7 questions of the Sour Seven Questionnaire was developed based on their relative risks for correctly predicting delirium when compared to the geriatric psychiatrist’s clinical assessment. Total scoring of the questionnaire resulted in the following positive predictive values for delirium: 89 % with a total score of 4 (sensitivity 89.5 %, specificity 90 %), and 100 % with a total score of 9 (sensitivity 63.2 %, specificity 100 %). Comparison between scoring on questionnaires posed to informal caregivers versus untrained nurses showed no differences. Conclusion A weighted score of 4 in the Sour Seven Questionnaire has concurrent validity as a screening tool for delirium and a score of 9 is diagnostic for delirium. The Sour Seven Questionnaire is the first screening tool for delirium shown to be suitable for use by informal caregivers and untrained nurses in hospitalized seniors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0217-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Shulman
- Trillium Health Partners, Queensway Health Centre, 150 Sherway Drive, 4th floor, Toronto, ON, M9C 1A5, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Mississauga Academy of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada.
| | - Saurabh Kalra
- Mississauga Academy of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada.
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8319
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School-Related Outcomes of Traumatic Event Exposure and Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Students: A Systematic Review of Research from 1990 to 2015. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-016-9175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8320
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Increased apoptosis in the platelets of patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 143:46-50. [PMID: 26895209 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive, incurable neurodegenerative disorder. Platelet is a suitable source of human peripheral tissue to study pathological mechanisms occurring in the brain. The present study aims to investigate (1) whether abnormal apoptotic events besides involved in AD within the central neurologic system, could also occur at peripheral platelet level; (2) whether apoptosis at peripheral platelet level starts at the early stage of AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and age-matched healthy individuals were recruited, and each group had 50 person. In the present study, we investigate whether alterations of caspase family and Bcl2 family could be found in the platelets in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. The platelet levels of caspase protein and Bcl2 family were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS The results show that the platelet levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bad, and Bax significantly increased in AD and amnestic MCI. The increased apoptosis proteins levels in amnestic MCI were found between AD and normal controls. The anti-apoptosis protein Bcl2 increased in amnestic MCI, while decreased in AD. CONCLUSION We suggest that increased apoptosis exist in the platelet and might mirror apoptosis within the brain. Abnormal apoptosis may appear in the early of AD, and the ratio between pro- and anti-apoptotic protein levels partially determines the susceptibility of platelet to a death signal. In conclusion, platelet may be a good model to study apoptotic pathways of AD.
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8321
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Kálmán S, Garbett KA, Janka Z, Mirnics K. Human dermal fibroblasts in psychiatry research. Neuroscience 2016; 320:105-21. [PMID: 26855193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to decipher the disease etiology, progression and treatment of multifactorial human brain diseases we utilize a host of different experimental models. Recently, patient-derived human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures have re-emerged as promising in vitro functional system for examining various cellular, molecular, metabolic and (patho)physiological states and traits of psychiatric disorders. HDF studies serve as a powerful complement to postmortem and animal studies, and often appear to be informative about the altered homeostasis in neural tissue. Studies of HDFs from patients with schizophrenia (SZ), depression, bipolar disorder (BD), autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric disorders have significantly advanced our understanding of these devastating diseases. These reports unequivocally prove that signal transduction, redox homeostasis, circadian rhythms and gene*environment (G*E) interactions are all amenable for assessment by the HDF model. Furthermore, the reported findings suggest that this underutilized patient biomaterial, combined with modern molecular biology techniques, may have both diagnostic and prognostic value, including prediction of response to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kálmán
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary.
| | - K A Garbett
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 8128 MRB III, 465 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Z Janka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary.
| | - K Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, 57 Kálvária Sgt, Szeged 6725, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, 8128 MRB III, 465 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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8322
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Comorbidity Factors and Brain Mechanisms Linking Chronic Stress and Systemic Illness. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5460732. [PMID: 26977323 PMCID: PMC4761674 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5460732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and mental illness are commonly present in patients with chronic systemic diseases. Mood disorders, such as depression, are present in up to 50% of these patients, resulting in impaired physical recovery and more intricate treatment regimen. Stress associated with both physical and emotional aspects of systemic illness is thought to elicit detrimental effects to initiate comorbid mental disorders. However, clinical reports also indicate that the relationship between systemic and psychiatric illnesses is bidirectional, further increasing the complexity of the underlying pathophysiological processes. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence linking chronic stress and systemic illness, such as activation of the immune response system and release of common proinflammatory mediators. Altogether, discovery of new targets is needed for development of better treatments for stress-related psychiatric illnesses as well as improvement of mental health aspects of different systemic diseases.
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8323
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Fralick M, Thiruchelvam D, Tien HC, Redelmeier DA. Risk of suicide after a concussion. CMAJ 2016; 188:497-504. [PMID: 26858348 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.150790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head injuries have been associated with subsequent suicide among military personnel, but outcomes after a concussion in the community are uncertain. We assessed the long-term risk of suicide after concussions occurring on weekends or weekdays in the community. METHODS We performed a longitudinal cohort analysis of adults with diagnosis of a concussion in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 1992, to Mar. 31, 2012 (a 20-yr period), excluding severe cases that resulted in hospital admission. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of suicide after a weekend or weekday concussion. RESULTS We identified 235,110 patients with a concussion. Their mean age was 41 years, 52% were men, and most (86%) lived in an urban location. A total of 667 subsequent suicides occurred over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, equivalent to 31 deaths per 100,000 patients annually or 3 times the population norm. Weekend concussions were associated with a one-third further increased risk of suicide compared with weekday concussions (relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.64). The increased risk applied regardless of patients' demographic characteristics, was independent of past psychiatric conditions, became accentuated with time and exceeded the risk among military personnel. Half of these patients had visited a physician in the last week of life. INTERPRETATION Adults with a diagnosis of concussion had an increased long-term risk of suicide, particularly after concussions on weekends. Greater attention to the long-term care of patients after a concussion in the community might save lives because deaths from suicide can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fralick
- Department of Medicine (Fralick, Redelmeier), University of Toronto; Evaluative Clinical Sciences (Fralick, Thiruchelvam, Tien, Redelmeier), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Thiruchelvam); Canadian Forces Health Services (Tien), Toronto, Ont
| | - Deva Thiruchelvam
- Department of Medicine (Fralick, Redelmeier), University of Toronto; Evaluative Clinical Sciences (Fralick, Thiruchelvam, Tien, Redelmeier), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Thiruchelvam); Canadian Forces Health Services (Tien), Toronto, Ont
| | - Homer C Tien
- Department of Medicine (Fralick, Redelmeier), University of Toronto; Evaluative Clinical Sciences (Fralick, Thiruchelvam, Tien, Redelmeier), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Thiruchelvam); Canadian Forces Health Services (Tien), Toronto, Ont
| | - Donald A Redelmeier
- Department of Medicine (Fralick, Redelmeier), University of Toronto; Evaluative Clinical Sciences (Fralick, Thiruchelvam, Tien, Redelmeier), Sunnybrook Research Institute; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Thiruchelvam); Canadian Forces Health Services (Tien), Toronto, Ont.
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8325
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Wang XQ, Petrini M, Morisky DE. Comparison of the Quality of Life, Perceived Stigma and Medication Adherence of Chinese with Schizophrenia: A Follow-Up Study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016; 30:41-6. [PMID: 26804500 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The community-based mental health services were encouraged to improve the quality of life for individuals with chronic mental disorders in Mainland China. This study aims to explore how the quality of life, perceived stigma, and medication adherence differ among a Chinese population with schizophrenia prior to and one-month following discharge. METHOD One hundred and twenty-eight Chinese people with schizophrenia completed the self-report scales: the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS), the Link' Stigma Scale, and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) prior to discharge and at one month after discharge. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test. RESULTS The findings of SQLS demonstrate deterioration on psychosocial and motivation/energy domain (P<0.001) accompanied by improvement of symptom/side effect (P<0.05) after discharge. The scores of perceived stigma and actual stigma coping orientations (P<0.001) after discharge were found to be significantly higher than before discharge. Medication adherence was significantly reduced after discharge than before discharge (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study provide implications for clinical practices, such as provision of psychosocial and educational rehabilitation programs for individuals who are in a stable mental status and plan to discharge; and to provide effective family education in order to improve family coping strategies and caring capabilities when patients return to the community. The findings provide important policy implications as well to facilitate individuals with schizophrenia to reintegrate into the community and benefit from a favorable QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Wang
- HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.
| | - Marcia Petrini
- HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Donald E Morisky
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
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8326
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Kim K, Hong JP, Cho MJ, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Lee DW, Heo JY, Jeon HJ. Loss of sexual interest and premenstrual mood change in women with postpartum versus non-postpartum depression: A nationwide community sample of Korean adults. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:222-9. [PMID: 26682491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is a type of clinical depression that can affect women after childbirth. Few previous studies have explored the association of depressive and physical symptoms among women with PPD in a nationwide community study. METHOD A total of 18,807 adults, randomly selected, completed a face-to-face interview using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI) (response rate 80.2%). PPD was defined as a major depressive episode that began within 4 weeks after delivery. RESULTS Of 679 female subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), 14.0% (n=95) experienced PPD. Subjects with PPD were significantly more likely to have higher income, education, and reside in an urban area, compared to those with non-PPD. No significant differences were found in number of children. Multiple logistic regression revealed that the loss of sexual interest was the only symptom among 23 depressive symptoms that was significantly associated with depressive episodes among individuals with PPD (AOR=1.91, 95% CI 1.01-3.60) when compared with non-PPD. Loss of sexual interest was also significantly associated with the subjects with lifetime PPD regardless of depressive episode (AOR=1.93, 95% CI 1.12-3.31). Conversely, loss of confidence and loss of pleasure were less frequent in subjects with PPD. Premenstrual mood change (χ(2)=5.57, p=0.0036) and comorbid alcohol use disorder (χ(2)=5.11, p=0.031) showed a valid association with PPD. CONCLUSIONS Loss of sexual interest and premenstrual mood change were associated with women with PPD, whereas those with non-PPD were not, thereby suggesting the possible link between sexual hormones and PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maeng Je Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Heo
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Device Management & Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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8327
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Choppin S, Trost W, Dondaine T, Millet B, Drapier D, Vérin M, Robert G, Grandjean D. Alteration of complex negative emotions induced by music in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:15-23. [PMID: 26605497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown bipolar disorder to be characterized by dysregulation of emotion processing, including biases in facial expression recognition that is most prevalent during depressive and manic states. Very few studies have examined induced emotions when patients are in a euthymic phase, and there has been no research on complex emotions. We therefore set out to test emotional hyperreactivity in response to musical excerpts inducing complex emotions in bipolar disorder during euthymia. METHODS We recruited 21 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in a euthymic phase and 21 matched healthy controls. Participants first rated their emotional reactivity on two validated self-report scales (ERS and MAThyS). They then rated their music-induced emotions on nine continuous scales. The targeted emotions were wonder, power, melancholy and tension. We used a specific generalized linear mixed model to analyze the behavioral data. RESULTS We found that participants in the euthymic bipolar group experienced more intense complex negative emotions than controls when the musical excerpts induced wonder. Moreover, patients exhibited greater emotional reactivity in daily life (ERS). Finally, a greater experience of tension while listening to positive music seemed to be mediated by greater emotional reactivity and a deficit in executive functions. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity of the BD group in terms of clinical characteristics may have influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder exhibit more complex negative emotions than controls in response to positive music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Choppin
- 'Behavior and Basal Ganglia' laboratory (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Psychiatry Unit, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes, France.
| | - Wiebke Trost
- 'Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics' laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Thibaut Dondaine
- 'Behavior and Basal Ganglia' laboratory (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Psychiatry Unit, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Millet
- 'Behavior and Basal Ganglia' laboratory (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Psychiatry Unit, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Drapier
- 'Behavior and Basal Ganglia' laboratory (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Psychiatry Unit, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Vérin
- 'Behavior and Basal Ganglia' laboratory (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Neurology Unit, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel Robert
- 'Behavior and Basal Ganglia' laboratory (EA 4712), University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Psychiatry Unit, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Didier Grandjean
- 'Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics' laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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A randomized controlled study of the efficacy of six-month supplementation with concentrated fish oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in first episode schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 73:34-44. [PMID: 26679763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Short-term clinical trials of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) as add-on therapy in patients with schizophrenia revealed mixed results. The majority of these studies used an 8- to 12-week intervention based on ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid. A randomized placebo-controlled trial was designed to compare the efficacy of 26-week intervention, composed of either 2.2 g/day of n-3 PUFA, or olive oil placebo, with regard to symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Seventy-one patients (aged 16-35) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to the study arms. The primary outcome measure of the clinical evaluation was schizophrenia symptom severity change measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Mixed models repeated measures analysis revealed significant differences between the study arms regarding total PANSS score change favouring n-3 PUFA (p = 0.016; effect size (ES) = 0.29). A fifty-percent improvement in symptom severity was achieved significantly more frequently in the n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group (69.4 vs 40.0%; p = 0.017). N-3 PUFA intervention was also associated with an improvement in general psychopathology, measured by means of PANSS (p = 0.009; ES = 0.32), depressive symptoms (p = 0.006; ES = 0.34), the level of functioning (p = 0.01; ES = 0.31) and clinical global impression (p = 0.046; ES = 0.29). The findings suggest that 6-month intervention with n-3 PUFA may be a valuable add-on therapy able to decrease the intensity of symptoms and improve the level of functioning in first-episode schizophrenia patients.
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8329
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Chen LF, Liu J, Zhang J, Lu XQ. Non-pharmacological interventions for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2016; 235:123-7. [PMID: 26639649 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that about 50-80% of patients with schizophrenia live with or closely contact with their caregivers, and rely on them for housing, and emotional and financial supports. Caregiving experience is usually described as stressful for their caregivers. Non-pharmacological interventions seem to be beneficial to improving life quality. However, there is still no meta-analysis focused on this topic to give an overview.We searched the electronic databases includingPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, respectively from the beginning of database to July 2015 for all the randomized controlled trialsevaluating the caregiver interventions. Continuous data were expressed mean differences (MD) with 95% confidential intervals (CIs). Standardized mean difference was planned to express, if different scales were used to measure the same outcome. We pooled the results using a random-effect model.As a result, nine studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 608 randomized participants. In which, 321 participants were in interventional group, while 287 participants were in control group. Concerning the care burden, there was significant difference found between non-pharmacological interventions and control groups (n=290, MD -2.10, 95% CI -3.46 to -0.74, P=0.002; level of heterogeneity τ(2)=1.81, χ(2)=62.13, df=3, P<0.00001, I(2)=95%). However, no differences were found in family support, family functioning and satisfaction. Of note, our meta-analysis demonstrated the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for caregivers of schizophrenia, and supported the application in the clinical practice. However, all the conclusions should be explained cautiously and further confirmation is required by well-designed trials with large sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Chen
- School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lu
- School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Sallin K, Lagercrantz H, Evers K, Engström I, Hjern A, Petrovic P. Resignation Syndrome: Catatonia? Culture-Bound? Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:7. [PMID: 26858615 PMCID: PMC4731541 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resignation syndrome (RS) designates a long-standing disorder predominately affecting psychologically traumatized children and adolescents in the midst of a strenuous and lengthy migration process. Typically a depressive onset is followed by gradual withdrawal progressing via stupor into a state that prompts tube feeding and is characterized by failure to respond even to painful stimuli. The patient is seemingly unconscious. Recovery ensues within months to years and is claimed to be dependent on the restoration of hope to the family. Descriptions of disorders resembling RS can be found in the literature and the condition is unlikely novel. Nevertheless, the magnitude and geographical distribution stand out. Several hundred cases have been reported exclusively in Sweden in the past decade prompting the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare to recognize RS as a separate diagnostic entity. The currently prevailing stress hypothesis fails to account for the regional distribution and contributes little to treatment. Consequently, a re-evaluation of diagnostics and treatment is required. Psychogenic catatonia is proposed to supply the best fit with the clinical presentation. Treatment response, altered brain metabolism or preserved awareness would support this hypothesis. Epidemiological data suggests culture-bound beliefs and expectations to generate and direct symptom expression and we argue that culture-bound psychogenesis can accommodate the endemic distribution. Last, we review recent models of predictive coding indicating how expectation processes are crucially involved in the placebo and nocebo effect, delusions and conversion disorders. Building on this theoretical framework we propose a neurobiological model of RS in which the impact of overwhelming negative expectations are directly causative of the down-regulation of higher order and lower order behavioral systems in particularly vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Sallin
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics (CRB), Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Division of Neonatology, Karolinska InstituteSolna, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lagercrantz
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Division of Neonatology, Karolinska InstituteSolna, Sweden
| | - Kathinka Evers
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics (CRB), Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Engström
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro UniversityÖrebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjern
- Centre for Health and Equity Studies (CHESS), Karolinska Institute and Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteSolna, Sweden
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Roncero C, Palma-Álvarez RF, Ros-Cucurull E, Barral C, Gonzalvo B, Corominas-Roso M, Casas M, Grau-López L. Cocaine-induced Psychosis and Brain-derived Neurothrophic Factor in Patients with Cocaine Dependence: Report of Two Cases. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:109-13. [PMID: 26792050 PMCID: PMC4730925 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is linked to numerous brain functions. In addition, BDNF alterations contribute to neurological, mental, and addictive disorders. Cocaine dependence has received much attention recently due to its prevalence and psychological effects. Symptoms of psychosis are one of the most serious adverse events precipitated by cocaine use. It is particularly important to identify patients at risk of developing cocaine-induced psychosis (CIP). We described two cases of patients with cocaine dependence who presented with CIP and had changes in their BDNF levels during the psychotic episode. BDNF levels were initially low in both patients, and then decreased by more than 50% in association with CIP. The relationship between BDNF and psychosis is described in the literature. These cases revealed that BDNF levels decreased during a CIP episode and, thus, it is necessary to investigate BDNF and its relationship with CIP further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roncero
- Addictions and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Ros-Cucurull
- Addictions and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Barral
- Addictions and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Begoña Gonzalvo
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Addictions and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, CIBERSAM, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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8332
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Mohammadi K, Samavi A, Ghazavi Z. The Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Lifestyle With Marital Satisfaction. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e23839. [PMID: 27433349 PMCID: PMC4939067 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.23839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Marital satisfaction is one of the deepest and the most basic human pleasures and should be established within the family environment; if not, couples might suffer emotionally. Several factors are involved, including attachment and lifestyle. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between styles of attachment and lifestyle with marital satisfaction. Materials and Methods The population in this study included all of the Bandar Abbas oil refining (BAOR) company employees, for a total of 292 people (146 couples). They were selected by multistage random sampling. The enrich marital satisfaction scale was used to measure marital satisfaction, the Collins and read’s revised adult attachment scale (RAAS) for adult attachment to determine attachment style, and the life style questionnaire (LSQ) for lifestyle. This research was a descriptive-correlative one, and for the data analysis, we used Pearson’s correlation factor and multivariable regression. Results The results indicate that attachment style and lifestyle factors can predict marital satisfaction. There was also a meaningful negative relationship between insecure attachment avoidant and insecure attachment anxious-ambivalent styles and marital satisfaction. However, there was no meaningful relationship between secure attachment style and marital satisfaction. Conclusions The results showed that the early relationship within the family environment supports a certain attachment style and the effects of the avoidant insecure and ambivalent insecure styles affect the interpersonal relations of the couples in adulthood. The effect of attachment styles on interpersonal relations is far greater than that of lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korosh Mohammadi
- Department of Psychology and Consoling, Faculty of Human Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Samavi
- Department of Psychology and Consoling, Faculty of Human Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Ghazavi
- Department of Psychology and Consoling, Faculty of Human Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Zahra Ghazavi, Department of Psychology and Consoling, Faculty of Human Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9132282153, E-mail:
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Feasibility of a psychoeducational family intervention for people with bipolar I disorder and their relatives: Results from an Italian real-world multicentre study. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:657-662. [PMID: 26590513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several guidelines recommend the use of psychoeducational family interventions (PFIs) as add-on in the treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder, their implementation on a large scale remains limited. The aim of the present study is to identify obstacles for the feasibility of PFIs in routine care. METHODS This was a multicentre, real-world, controlled, outpatient trial, carried out in 11 randomly recruited Italian mental health centres. Two mental health professionals from each center attended a modular training course on PFI and provided the intervention. Difficulties and benefits experienced by mental health professionals in implementing the intervention were assessed through the Family Intervention Schedule (FIS-R), which was administered six times. RESULTS Sixteen out of the 22 recruited professionals completed the training and administered the PFI to 70 patients with bipolar I disorder and their relatives. The retention rate of families receiving the intervention was 93%. Mental health professionals reported high levels of organizational difficulties, several benefits in their daily clinical work and low levels of intervention-related difficulties. The most important organizational obstacles were related to the need to integrate the intervention with other work responsibilities and to the lack of time to carry out the intervention. These difficulties did not decrease over time. Intervention-related difficulties were rated as less problematic since the first time assessment and tended to improve over time. LIMITATIONS Low number of recruited professionals; use of a not previously validated assessment instrument. CONCLUSIONS PFIs are feasible in routine care for the treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder and their relatives, and main obstacles are related to the organization/structure of mental health centres, and not to the characteristics of the intervention itself.
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8334
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Siwek M, Sowa-Kućma M, Styczeń K, Szewczyk B, Reczyński W, Misztak P, Topór-Mądry R, Nowak G, Dudek D, Rybakowski JK. Decreased serum zinc concentration during depressive episode in patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:272-277. [PMID: 26540081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Zinc may be involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depressive disorder. However, data on this issue in bipolar disorder (BD) are limited. The aim of the study was to assess zinc concentrations in the blood serum of patients at various phases and stages of bipolar disorder. METHODS The study included 129 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I (n=69) or type II (n=60). Fifty-eight were in a depressive episode, 23 in a manic episode and 48 in remission. Fifty healthy volunteers made a control group. Zinc concentration was measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS Serum zinc level in patients diagnosed with BD type I in the depressive phase was significantly reduced as compared with mania, remission and healthy subjects. In the BD type II, serum zinc level in hypomania, depression or remission phase was not significantly different from the control group. In the whole group, lower level of zinc in depression compared to remission and control subjects was found during late stage of the illness but not in the early stage. Zinc concentration was not dependent on the severity of manic or depressive symptoms and subtype of depression but correlated positively with the number of manic/hypomanic relapses in the past year. LIMITATIONS Lack of prospective model, heterogeneity of pharmacological treatment, small number of subgroups presenting specified clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum zinc concentration occurs in depression in BD type I and probably in depression in the late stage of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Styczeń
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold Reczyński
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roman Topór-Mądry
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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8335
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Cho SE, Na KS, Cho SJ, Im JS, Kang SG. Geographical and temporal variations in the prevalence of mental disorders in suicide: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:704-713. [PMID: 26600412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to the previous studies reporting that most suicides occur among people with mental disorders, recent studies have reported various rates of mental disorders in suicide in different geographical regions. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the factors influencing the variation in the prevalence of mental disorders reported among suicide victims. METHOD The authors searched Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify psychological autopsy studies reporting the prevalence of any mental disorders among suicide victims. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to identify the potential effects of geographical regions, the year of publication, measurements of personality disorder, measurements of comorbidity, and the ratio of females on the prevalence of mental disorders in addition to examining the heterogeneity across studies. RESULTS From 4475 potentially relevant studies, 48 studies met eligibility criteria, with 6626 suicide victims. The studies from East Asia had a significantly lower mean prevalence (69.6% [95% CI=56.8 to 80.0]) than those in North America (88.2% [95% CI=79.7-93.5]) and South Asia (90.4% [95% CI=71.8-97.2]). The prevalence of any mental disorder decreased according to the year of publication (coefficients=-0.0715, p<0.001). LIMITATIONS Substantial heterogeneities were identified within all subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of mental disorders among suicide cases seemed relatively low in the East Asia region, and recently published studies tended to report a lower prevalence of mental disorders. The link between the risk factors and suicide in the absence of a mental disorder should be examined in different geographical and sociocultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Eun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Im
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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8336
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Naseri M, Babaeian M, Ghaffari F, Kamalinejad M, Feizi A, Mazaheri M, Mokaberinejad R, Adibi P. Bloating: Avicenna's Perspective and Modern Medicine. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016; 21:154-9. [PMID: 26763047 DOI: 10.1177/2156587215622915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloating and abdominal distention are common complaints present in quite a number of organic and functional diseases. An important subject in traditional Persian medicine is digestive disorders, particularly bloating and its etiology. This is a literature review study conducted on The Canon in Medicine written by Avicenna and using the keywords: bloating, gas. In this article, causes for bloating, according to Avicenna, include diet causes, inappropriate lifestyle, gastrointestinal, and miscellaneous reasons. These were compared with causes suggested in modern medicine. Avicenna classifies causes based on the place of origin into upper part of the abdomen (stomach) and intestinal part of the abdomen. Also, 38 medicinal plants used as remedies were listed. Modern scientific data support all bloating causes that have been mentioned in the canon. Obviously, some causes such as uterine disorders and posterior nasal discharge need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Naseri
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Babaeian
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ghaffari
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University Medical, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazaheri
- Traditional Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Mokaberinejad
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8337
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Sharma R, Lucas M, Ford P, Meurk C, Gartner CE. YouTube as a source of quit smoking information for people living with mental illness: Table 1. Tob Control 2016; 25:634-637. [DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8338
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Emotional Intent Modulates The Neural Substrates Of Creativity: An fMRI Study of Emotionally Targeted Improvisation in Jazz Musicians. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18460. [PMID: 26725925 PMCID: PMC4698722 DOI: 10.1038/srep18460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion is a primary motivator for creative behaviors, yet the interaction between the neural systems involved in creativity and those involved in emotion has not been studied. In the current study, we addressed this gap by using fMRI to examine piano improvisation in response to emotional cues. We showed twelve professional jazz pianists photographs of an actress representing a positive, negative or ambiguous emotion. Using a non-ferromagnetic thirty-five key keyboard, the pianists improvised music that they felt represented the emotion expressed in the photographs. Here we show that activity in prefrontal and other brain networks involved in creativity is highly modulated by emotional context. Furthermore, emotional intent directly modulated functional connectivity of limbic and paralimbic areas such as the amygdala and insula. These findings suggest that emotion and creativity are tightly linked, and that the neural mechanisms underlying creativity may depend on emotional state.
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8339
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Lauritzen L, Brambilla P, Mazzocchi A, Harsløf LBS, Ciappolino V, Agostoni C. DHA Effects in Brain Development and Function. Nutrients 2016; 8:E6. [PMID: 26742060 PMCID: PMC4728620 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a structural constituent of membranes specifically in the central nervous system. Its accumulation in the fetal brain takes place mainly during the last trimester of pregnancy and continues at very high rates up to the end of the second year of life. Since the endogenous formation of DHA seems to be relatively low, DHA intake may contribute to optimal conditions for brain development. We performed a narrative review on research on the associations between DHA levels and brain development and function throughout the lifespan. Data from cell and animal studies justify the indication of DHA in relation to brain function for neuronal cell growth and differentiation as well as in relation to neuronal signaling. Most data from human studies concern the contribution of DHA to optimal visual acuity development. Accumulating data indicate that DHA may have effects on the brain in infancy, and recent studies indicate that the effect of DHA may depend on gender and genotype of genes involved in the endogenous synthesis of DHA. While DHA levels may affect early development, potential effects are also increasingly recognized during childhood and adult life, suggesting a role of DHA in cognitive decline and in relation to major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, 2800 South Macgregor Way, Houston, TX 77021, USA.
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laurine B S Harsløf
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy.
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8340
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Development of a novel computerised version of the Month Backwards Test: A comparison of performance in hospitalised elderly patients and final year medical students. Comput Biol Med 2016; 68:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8341
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Hategan A, Bourgeois JA. Donepezil-associated manic episode with psychotic features: a case report and review of the literature. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016; 38:115.e1-4. [PMID: 26598289 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports of manic episodes associated with the use of cholinesterase inhibitors (including donepezil) are limited. Despite the previous notion of procholinergic drugs potentially inducing depression, the contemporary evidence for cholinesterase inhibitors appears to also indicate a trend for elevated mood (in patients with or without a history of depressive disorder). METHOD Case report. RESULTS The authors report a case of a manic episode with psychotic features associated with the up-titration of donepezil in a patient with Alzheimer's disease and a distant history of major depression but without a preexisting bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION Pathophysiology of donepezil-induced mania appears to contradict the traditional cholinergic-adrenergic hypothesis. Donepezil-associated mania should be suspected after donepezil initiation/dose up-titration when correlated to new onset of mania. Donepezil should be used more cautiously in patients with current or previous mood episodes or in those who are otherwise at high risk for manic episodes (e.g., cerebrovascular disease). Although this requires further investigation in different patient populations, there may be subtypes of older patients with neurocognitive disorders who are particularly vulnerable to activation effects of cholinesterase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hategan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - James A Bourgeois
- Department of Psychiatry/Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Consultation/Liaison Service, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Papachristou E, Schulz K, Newcorn J, Bédard ACV, Halperin JM, Frangou S. Comparative Evaluation of Child Behavior Checklist-Derived Scales in Children Clinically Referred for Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:146. [PMID: 27605916 PMCID: PMC4995201 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently developed the Child Behavior Checklist-Mania Scale (CBCL-MS), a novel and short instrument for the assessment of mania-like symptoms in children and adolescents derived from the CBCL item pool and have demonstrated its construct validity and temporal stability in a longitudinal general population sample. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of the 19-item CBCL-MS in a clinical sample and to compare its discriminatory ability to that of the 40-item CBCL-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP) and the 34-item CBCL-Externalizing Scale. METHODS The study sample comprised 202 children, aged 7-12 years, diagnosed with DSM-defined attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and mood and anxiety disorders based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. The construct validity of the CBCL-MS was tested by means of a confirmatory factor analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex and age were used to assess the discriminatory ability relative to that of the CBCL-DP and the CBCL-Externalizing Scale. RESULTS The CBCL-MS had excellent construct validity (comparative fit index = 0.97; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.04). Despite similar overall performance across scales, the clinical range scores of the CBCL-DP and the CBCL-Externalizing Scale were associated with higher odds for ODD and CD, while the clinical range scores of the CBCL-MS were associated with higher odds for mood disorders. The concordance rate among the children who scored within the clinical range of each scale was over 90%. CONCLUSION CBCL-MS has good construct validity in general population and clinical samples and is therefore suitable for both clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Papachristou
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London (UCL) , London , UK
| | - Kurt Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Jeffrey Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Anne-Claude V Bédard
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Halperin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Queens College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
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Chutko LS, Yakovenko EA, Surushkina SY, Anisimova TI, Kropotov YD. Clinical and neurophysiological heterogeneity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:117-121. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2016116101117-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8344
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Bogdan R, Pagliaccio D, Baranger DAA, Hariri AR. Genetic Moderation of Stress Effects on Corticolimbic Circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:275-96. [PMID: 26189450 PMCID: PMC4677127 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress exposure is associated with individual differences in corticolimbic structure and function that often mirror patterns observed in psychopathology. Gene x environment interaction research suggests that genetic variation moderates the impact of stress on risk for psychopathology. On the basis of these findings, imaging genetics, which attempts to link variability in DNA sequence and structure to neural phenotypes, has begun to incorporate measures of the environment. This research paradigm, known as imaging gene x environment interaction (iGxE), is beginning to contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms through which genetic variation and stress increase psychopathology risk. Although awaiting replication, evidence suggests that genetic variation within the canonical neuroendocrine stress hormone system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, contributes to variability in stress-related corticolimbic structure and function, which, in turn, confers risk for psychopathology. For iGxE research to reach its full potential it will have to address many challenges, of which we discuss: (i) small effects, (ii) measuring the environment and neural phenotypes, (iii) the absence of detailed mechanisms, and (iv) incorporating development. By actively addressing these challenges, iGxE research is poised to help identify the neural mechanisms underlying genetic and environmental associations with psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychology, BRAIN Lab, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Neurosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Neurosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David AA Baranger
- Department of Psychology, BRAIN Lab, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Neurosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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8345
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Besson M, Forget B. Cognitive Dysfunction, Affective States, and Vulnerability to Nicotine Addiction: A Multifactorial Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:160. [PMID: 27708591 PMCID: PMC5030478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although smoking prevalence has declined in recent years, certain subpopulations continue to smoke at disproportionately high rates and show resistance to cessation treatments. Individuals showing cognitive and affective impairments, including emotional distress and deficits in attention, memory, and inhibitory control, particularly in the context of psychiatric conditions, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and mood disorders, are at higher risk for tobacco addiction. Nicotine has been shown to improve cognitive and emotional processing in some conditions, including during tobacco abstinence. Self-medication of cognitive deficits or negative affect has been proposed to underlie high rates of tobacco smoking among people with psychiatric disorders. However, pre-existing cognitive and mood disorders may also influence the development and maintenance of nicotine dependence, by biasing nicotine-induced alterations in information processing and associative learning, decision-making, and inhibitory control. Here, we discuss the potential forms of contribution of cognitive and affective deficits to nicotine addiction-related processes, by reviewing major clinical and preclinical studies investigating either the procognitive and therapeutic action of nicotine or the putative primary role of cognitive and emotional impairments in addiction-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Besson
- Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Department of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Benoît Forget
- Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Department of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
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Nicholson TRJ, Voon V. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and sedation as treatment for functional neurologic disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 139:619-629. [PMID: 27719877 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801772-2.00050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional neurologic disorder (FND), also known as conversion disorder, is common and often associated with a poor prognosis. It has been relatively neglected by research and as such there is a conspicuous lack of evidence-based treatments. Physical and psychologic therapies are the main treatment modalities, over and above reassurance and sensitive explanation of the diagnosis. However there are two other historic treatments that have seen a recent resurgence of interest and use. The first is electric stimulation, which was initially pioneered with direct stimulation of nerves but now used indirectly (and therefore noninvasively) in the form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The second is (therapeutic) sedation, previously known as "abreaction," where it was mostly used in the context of psychologic investigation and treatment, but now increasingly advocated during rehabilitation as a way to therapeutically demonstrate reversibility of symptoms. This chapter introduces the background of these treatment modalities, their evolution into their current applications before critically evaluating their current evidence base and exploring possible mechanisms of action. It also tentatively suggests when they should be considered in current practice and briefly considers their future potential. In summary there is encouraging preliminary evidence to suggest that both TMS and sedation may be effective treatments for FNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R J Nicholson
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - V Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Vyskocilova J, Prasko J, Sipek J. Cognitive behavioral therapy in pharmacoresistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:625-39. [PMID: 27042074 PMCID: PMC4798215 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine whether patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) resistant to drug therapy may improve their condition using intensive, systematic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) lasting for 6 weeks, and whether it is possible to predict the therapeutic effect using demographic, clinical, and selected psychological characteristics at baseline. METHODS Sixty-six OCD patients were included in the study, of which 57 completed the program. The diagnosis was confirmed using the structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Patients were rated using the objective and subjective forms of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, objective and subjective forms of the Clinical Global Impression, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Scale, 20-item Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire, and the Sheehan Disability Scale before their treatment, and with subjective Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, objective and subjective Clinical Global Impression, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory at the end of the treatment. Patients were treated with antidepressants and daily intensive group CBT for the 6-week period. RESULTS During the 6-week intensive CBT program in combination with pharmacotherapy, there was a significant improvement in patients suffering from OCD resistant to drug treatment. There were statistically significantly decrease in the scores assessing the severity of OCD symptoms, anxiety, and depressive feelings. A lower treatment effect was achieved specifically in patients who 1) showed fewer OCD themes in symptomatology, 2) showed a higher level of somatoform dissociation, 3) had poor insight, and 4) had a higher initial level of overall severity of the disorder. Remission of the disorder was more likely in patients who had 1) good insight, 2) a lower initial level of anxiety, and 3) no comorbid depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vyskocilova
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sipek
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Holubova M, Prasko J, Hruby R, Latalova K, Kamaradova D, Marackova M, Slepecky M, Gubova T. Coping strategies and self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:1151-8. [PMID: 27445463 PMCID: PMC4928656 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maladaptive coping strategies may adversely disturb the overall functioning of people with mental disorders. Also, self-stigma is considered a maladaptive psychosocial phenomenon that can affect many areas of patient life. It has a negative impact on self-image, and may lead to dysphoria, social isolation, reduced adherence, using of negative coping strategies, and lower quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between coping strategies and self-stigma among persons with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 104 clinically stable outpatients with chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded. Patients were examined by psychiatrists with the Stress Coping Style Questionnaire, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale, and the Clinical Global Impression scale. Correlation and multiple-regression analyses were performed to discover contributing factors to self-stigma. RESULTS Positive coping strategies were used by patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders to the same extent as in the healthy population. Negative coping strategies were overused by these patients. There were significant associations between self-stigma, severity of the disorder, and coping strategies in schizophrenia. The ability to use positive coping strategies was connected with lower self-stigma. Use of negative coping strategies predominantly increased the self-stigma of patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION This study revealed a significant association among self-stigma, severity of the disorder, and coping strategies in individuals suffering from schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Thinking about coping strategies and self-stigma in practice may play a significant role in understanding people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, especially for mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: Jan Prasko, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 8 Křížkovského Street, Olomouc 77147, Czech Republic, Email
| | - Radovan Hruby
- Private Psychiatric Practice, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kamaradova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Marackova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Terezia Gubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
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8350
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