801
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Syranidou E, Karkanorachaki K, Amorotti F, Avgeropoulos A, Kolvenbach B, Zhou NY, Fava F, Corvini PFX, Kalogerakis N. Biodegradation of mixture of plastic films by tailored marine consortia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 375:33-42. [PMID: 31039462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work sheds light on the physicochemical changes of naturally weathered polymer surfaces along with changes of polymer buoyancy due to biofilm formation and degradation processes. To support the degradation hypothesis, a microcosm experiment was conducted where a mixture of naturally weathered plastic pieces was incubated with an indigenous pelagic community. A series of analyses were employed in order to describe the alteration of the physicochemical characteristics of the polymer (FTIR, SEC and GPC, sinking velocity) as well as the biofilm community (NGS). At the end of phase II, the fraction of double bonds in the surface of microbially treated PE films increased while changes were also observed in the profile of the PS films. The molecular weight of PE pieces increased with incubation time reaching the molecular weight of the virgin pieces (230,000 g mol-1) at month 5 but the buoyancy displayed no difference throughout the experimental period. The number-average molecular weight of PS pieces decreased (33% and 27% in INDG and BIOG treatment respectively), implying chain scission; accelerated (by more than 30%) sinking velocities compared to the initial weathered pieces were also measured for PS films with biofilm on their surface. The orders Rhodobacterales, Oceanospirillales and Burkholderiales dominated the distinct platisphere communities and the genera Bacillus and Pseudonocardia discriminate these assemblages from the planktonic counterpart. The functional analysis predicts overrepresentation of adhesive cells carrying xenobiotic and hydrocarbon degradation genes. Taking these into account, we can suggest that tailored marine consortia have the ability to thrive in the presence of mixtures of plastics and participate in their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Syranidou
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | | | - Filippo Amorotti
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece; Gruppo HERA srl, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Boris Kolvenbach
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, FHNW, Switzerland
| | - Ning-Yi Zhou
- Department of Microbial Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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802
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El‐Taweel SH, Abboudi M. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PLA/nanosized YVO
4
composites as a novel nucleating agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H. El‐Taweel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Orman‐Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abboudi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taibah University Al‐MadinahAl‐Munawarah 30002 Saudi Arabia
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803
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Guo X, Chen C, Wang J. Sorption of sulfamethoxazole onto six types of microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:300-308. [PMID: 31035168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are ubiquitous in aquatic environment. In this study, we investigated the sorption of SMX onto six types of microplastics (polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP)). The sorption rate and mass transfer steps of SMX was studied by using the phenomenological kinetics models. The effect of pH and salinity on SMX sorption was examined. The results showed that the sorption of SMX onto microplastics reached equilibrium within 16 h. The external mass transfer was the slowest sorption step. The linear and Freundlich isotherms fitted well the sorption equilibrium data. PA had the highest sorption capacity (2.36 mg g-1 at SMX concentrations of 12 mg L-1), with high distribution coefficient (Kd) value (284 L kg-1). The Kd values of PE, PS, PET, PVC, and PP ranged from 22.2 to 30.9 L kg-1. The sorption capacity of SMX decreased with increase of pH and salinity in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Can Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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804
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Leads RR, Weinstein JE. Occurrence of tire wear particles and other microplastics within the tributaries of the Charleston Harbor Estuary, South Carolina, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:569-582. [PMID: 31590826 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (<5 mm) are ubiquitous in the marine environment, occurring in both sediments and surface waters worldwide. However, few studies have documented the presence of microplastics and tire wear particles in coastal rivers. A survey of microplastics and low-density tire wear particles (≥63 μm) in the sediment and surface water of the three major tributaries within the Charleston Harbor estuary was conducted. Intertidal sediment, subtidal sediment, and sea surface microlayer concentrations ranged from 0 to 652 microplastics/m2, 3-4,375 microplastics/kg wet weight, and 3-36 microplastics/L, respectively. Blue fibers and tire wear particles were the two most abundant microplastic types observed, constituting 26.2% and 17.1%, respectively, of total microplastics. Tire wear particles were primarily identified by morphology, and ATR-FTIR analysis was conducted for a small subset (n = 5) of larger particles (≥500 μm). The present study provides the first microplastic field assessment of low-density tire wear particles in estuarine tributaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Leads
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Ft. Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - John E Weinstein
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina, 171 Moultrie St., Charleston, SC 29409, USA.
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805
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Seidensticker S, Zarfl C, Cirpka OA, Grathwohl P. Microplastic-Contaminant Interactions: Influence of Nonlinearity and Coupled Mass Transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1635-1644. [PMID: 30998287 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles are ubiquitously detected in the environment. Despite intensive public and scientific discussions, their potential to transport contaminants in rivers and oceans under environmental conditions is still under assessment. In the present study we measured sorption isotherms and kinetics in batch experiments using phenanthrene (as a typical hydrophobic wastewater contaminant) and microplastic particles of different sizes and materials. We observed a linear sorption isotherm for polyethylene, in contrast to nonlinear sorption of polyamide and polystyrene, which could be best described by the Freundlich and the Polanyi-Dubinin-Manes isotherms, respectively. We modeled sorption kinetics as a combination of external mass transfer governed by diffusion through an aqueous boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion within the plastic. Which of these processes controls the kinetics depends on the sorption strength, particle size, diffusion coefficients, and time. We used semi-analytical and numerical methods to simulate the coupled mass transfer for both linear and nonlinear sorption. We successfully applied the semi-analytical model to polyethylene and the numerical code to polyamide and polystyrene, reproducing the measured kinetics and obtaining reasonable values for mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion coefficients. Subsequently, we used these coefficients to estimate the transport potential and relevant time scales for microplastic-bound contaminants under environmental conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1635-1644. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Seidensticker
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Arie Cirpka
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Grathwohl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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806
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Carrasco A, Pulgar J, Quintanilla-Ahumada D, Perez-Venegas D, Quijón PA, Duarte C. The influence of microplastics pollution on the feeding behavior of a prominent sandy beach amphipod, Orchestoidea tuberculata (Nicolet, 1849). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:23-27. [PMID: 31590781 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by microplastics has become a global threat affecting coastal habitats such as sandy beaches and their resident macrofauna. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of microplastics on the feeding behavior and growth rate of a widespread sandy beach amphipod, Orchestoidea tuberculata. These organisms were exposed to artificial food prepared with Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microspheres (8 μm particle size) at 3 different concentrations (0%, 5% and 10%). The amphipods consumed significantly more food when the concentration of microplastics was 0% and significantly less when the concentration was 10%, both in trials in which they had a choice (preference experiments) and those in which they did not have a food choice. In contrast to this, the amphipod's absorption efficiency and estimated growth rates were not significantly affected by the concentration of microplastics. Combined, these results indicate that high microplastics concentrations (e.g. 10%) cause a reduction in the amphipod's consumption rates and, indirectly, may affect the role of this species as a main consumer of stranded seaweeds in sandy beaches ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Carrasco
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Quintanilla-Ahumada
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Perez-Venegas
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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807
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Korez Š, Gutow L, Saborowski R. Microplastics at the strandlines of Slovenian beaches. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:334-342. [PMID: 31590795 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sediment samples were randomly taken in March and August 2017 at the strandlines of nine locations along the coast of Slovenia (Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean). Microparticles were isolated by density separation in saturated aqueous NaCl-solutions and analysed by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). 11.3% of these particles were unambiguously confirmed as microplastics. Another 8.2% showed plastic characteristics but failed ATR-FTIR validation. 4.3% were naturally organic. The rest was unidentified material (76.2%). The average microplastic densities were 0.5 ± 0.5 MP kg-1 in March and 1.0 ± 0.8 MP kg-1 in August. The microplastics comprised fragments, fibres, films, and foams. The characteristics of the microplastics suggest origin from single-used plastic products and from aquaculture. Compared to other studies and sites, the microplastic pollution of the Slovenian coast appeared low. The validity of the results is discussed with respect to microplastic distribution and patchiness, sampling strategies, methodology, and scientific claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Korez
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Lars Gutow
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Reinhard Saborowski
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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808
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Hanachi P, Karbalaei S, Walker TR, Cole M, Hosseini SV. Abundance and properties of microplastics found in commercial fish meal and cultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23777-23787. [PMID: 31209753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are environmental contaminants that are of increasing global concern. This study investigated the presence of MPs in four varieties of marine-derived commercial fish meal, followed by identification of their polymer composition using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Exposure experiments were conducted on cultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by feeding four varieties of commercially available fish meal to determine relationships between abundance and properties of MPs found both in meal and in those transferred to cultured common carp. Mean particle sizes were 452 ± 161 μm (± SD). Fragments were the predominant shape of MP found in fish meal (67%) and C. carpio gastrointestinal tract and gills (65%), and polypropylene and polystyrene were the most present plastic polymers found in fish meal (45% and 24%, respectively) and C. carpio (37% and 33%, respectively). Positive relationships were found between MP levels in fish meal and C. carpio. This study highlights that marine-derived fish meal may be a source of MPs which can be transferred to cultured fish, thus posing a concern for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Karbalaei
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Matthew Cole
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Seyed V Hosseini
- Department of Fisheries, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran
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809
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Peixoto D, Amorim J, Pinheiro C, Oliva-Teles L, Varó I, de Medeiros Rocha R, Vieira MN. Uptake and effects of different concentrations of spherical polymer microparticles on Artemia franciscana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:211-218. [PMID: 30933895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemia cysts have a huge economic importance for the aquaculture sector due to the fact that they are used as live feed for larviculture. Microplastics (MPs) are common and emergent pollutants in the aquatic environments, with unknown and potential long-term effects on planktonic species such as Artemia spp. When used as live feed, Artemia could transfer contaminants to fish along the food chain, with possible adverse effects on human health through their consumption. This study aims to assess the uptake of different concentrations of spherical polymer microparticles (FRM) (1-5 μm diameter) and their associated chronic effects on feeding, growth, mortality, and reproductive success from juvenile to adult stage of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Individuals were exposed for 44 days to 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg.L-1 of FRM. No significant detrimental effects on growth, ingestion and mortality rates of A. franciscana were observed in all tested conditions. However, reproductive success was strongly affected by the increase of MP concentrations. The results of the present study showed that A. franciscana juveniles and adults were able to survive different experimental MP concentrations, but their reproductive success and progeny were significantly impacted by exposure to FRM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Peixoto
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - João Amorim
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Pinheiro
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Luís Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4 2.47, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inmaculada Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, 12595, Spain.
| | - Renato de Medeiros Rocha
- Department of Geography, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus de Caicó, Rua Joaquim Gregório, s/n, Penedo, CEP 59300-000, Caicó, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Natividade Vieira
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4 2.47, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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810
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Pelegrini K, Maraschin TG, Brandalise RN, Piazza D. Study of the degradation and recyclability of polyethylene and polypropylene present in the marine environment. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Pelegrini
- University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul‐RS, 95.070‐560 Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego Piazza
- University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul‐RS, 95.070‐560 Brazil
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811
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Zhu K, Jia H, Zhao S, Xia T, Guo X, Wang T, Zhu L. Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals on Microplastics under Light Irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8177-8186. [PMID: 31246433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are presumed to be inert during aging under ambient conditions. In this study, four types of virgin MPs, including polystyrene (PS), phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), were aged under simulated solar light irradiation. Surprisingly, several environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), which are considered to be a type of emerging contaminant, were detected on the irradiated PS and PF, rather than PE and PVC, by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Depending on the photoaging duration time, the characteristic g-factors of the EPFRs produced on PS and PF were 2.0044-2.0049 and 2.0043-2.0044, respectively. The generated EPFRs on PS and PF decayed rapidly at the initial stage and then slowly disappeared with the elapsed aging time. Analyses by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) suggested that MPs might experience chemical chain scission, O2/H2O addition, and EPFR formation under the light irradiation. Accompanying with the formation of EPFRs, reactive oxygen species, such as O2•- and •OH, were also observed. The findings provide a novel insight to evaluate the potential hazards of MPs to organisms and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
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812
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van Wijnen J, Ragas AMJ, Kroeze C. Modelling global river export of microplastics to the marine environment: Sources and future trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:392-401. [PMID: 30991329 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, transported by rivers to oceans, are triggering environmental concern. This study aims to better understand river export of microplastics from land to sea. We developed the Global Riverine Export of Microplastics into Seas (GREMiS) model, a global, spatially explicit model for analysing the annual microplastics export to coastal seas. Our results indicate that riverine microplastics export varies among world regions, with several hotspots, e.g., South East Asia, and, depending on the 2050 scenario, may be doubled ('Business as usual') or halved due to improved waste management ('Environment profits'). Globally, our model simulations indicated fragmentation of macroplastics as the main source of microplastics, but this result heavily depends on the assumed fragmentation rate. Sewerage discharges contributed only 20%, ranging from 1% (Africa) to 60% (OECD countries) and decreasing by 2050 as a result of improved sanitation. We conclude that, combating microplastics in the aquatic environment requires more region-specific analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikke van Wijnen
- Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science & Technology, Open University, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ad M J Ragas
- Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science & Technology, Open University, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water & Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science & Technology, Open University, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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813
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Yu Z, Peng B, Liu LY, Wong CS, Zeng EY. Development and Validation of an Efficient Method for Processing Microplastics in Biota Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1400-1408. [PMID: 30901099 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems and biota are gaining attention globally. Although microplastics have been widely detected in biota, there currently are few standardized detection and identification methods. The present study developed a novel one-step digestion method which was evaluated with mussel and fish samples. This method employed nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (HNO3 :H2 O2 = 4:1 by volume) as digestion reagents, which completely digested biota samples <5 g weight within 30 min at 50 °C. A density separation step was subsequently used to remove organic residues as necessary. The efficiency and suitability of this method were tested by spiking microplastics of 7 different types and of various sizes (1000, 900, 675, 300, 250, and 150 μm) into mussel and gastrointestinal tracts of fish. The recoveries of microplastics ranged from 90 to 100%. No significant changes in weight, surface area, and particle size (t test, p > 0.05) were observed for all tested polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectral analyses demonstrated that the method did not degrade any of the polymers except for polyethylene terephthalate. The method was demonstrated with mussel and fish samples collected from the Pearl River delta, south China, and was able to recover microplastics effectively. Overall, the present method is time-saving and easy to operate, with low procedural cross-contamination. The properties of microplastics recovered by the present method remained largely intact, greatly benefiting subsequent qualitative and quantitative analyses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1400-1408. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Yu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles S Wong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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814
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Guo X, Wang J. The phenomenological mass transfer kinetics model for Sr 2+ sorption onto spheroids primary microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:737-745. [PMID: 31035156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the equilibrium and mass transfer kinetics of Sr2+ sorption onto 3 types of microplastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were investigated. A novel film-pore mass transfer (FPMT) model was developed and used to study the sorption kinetics and mechanisms. This model can be used to describe the external mass transfer (EMT) and the internal mass transfer (IMT) processes and to calculate the diffusion rate. The FPMT model could successfully predict the kinetics data of Sr2+ sorption onto microplastics. The maximum value of the EMT rate achieved at the beginning of sorption was 103 μg g-1·h-1 for PET, 247 μg g-1·h-1for PE, and 854 μg g-1·h-1 for PVC, and then it decreased dramatically with time. The IMT rate was far less than the EMT rate, and decreased slowly with time. The overall sorption rate of Sr2+ onto microplastics was controlled by the external mass transfer step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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815
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Liu X, Xu J, Zhao Y, Shi H, Huang CH. Hydrophobic sorption behaviors of 17β-Estradiol on environmental microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:726-735. [PMID: 30959457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been regarded as a vector for contaminants and greatly affect the migration and fate of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in marine water. In this study, the sorption behavior of 17β-estradiol (E2) on MPs was investigated in marine water system. The sorption capacity of E2 varied greatly with the chemical structures of MPs. The adsorption or partition contribution of E2 sorption on MPs was well quantified with adsorption-partition dual-mode model mechanism. The hydrophobic partition dominantly regulates the sorption of E2 due to the high crystallinity of MPs and high accessibility of amorphous domain of rubbery MPs. Smaller particle size benefits the sorption of E2 on same kind of MPs. The salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) have minor effect on E2 sorption by MPs in real marine water. The result shows that the MPs greatly influence the transportation of E2 and cause potential environmental risk to marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0355, USA
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816
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Davranche M, Veclin C, Pierson-Wickmann AC, El Hadri H, Grassl B, Rowenczyk L, Dia A, Ter Halle A, Blancho F, Reynaud S, Gigault J. Are nanoplastics able to bind significant amount of metals? The lead example. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:940-948. [PMID: 30965546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale size of plastic debris makes them potential efficient vectors of many pollutants and more especially of metals. In order to evaluate this ability, nanoplastics were produced from microplastics collected on a beach exposed to the North Atlantic Gyre. The nanoplastics were characterized using multi-dimensional methods: asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation and dynamic light scattering coupled to several detectors. Lead (II) adsorption kinetics, isotherm and pH-edge were then carried out. The sorption reached a steady state after around 200 min. The maximum sorption capacity varied between 97% and 78.5% for both tested Pb concentrations. Lead (II) adsorption kinetics is controlled by chemical reactions with the nanoplastics surface and to a lesser extent by intraparticle diffusion. Adsorption isotherm modeling using Freundlich model demonstrated that NPG are strong adsorbents equivalent to hydrous ferric oxides such as ferrihydrite (log Kadsfreundlich=8.36 against 11.76 for NPG and ferrihydrite, respectively). The adsorption is dependent upon pH, in response to the Pb(II) adsorption by the oxygenated binding sites developed on account of the surface UV oxidation under environmental conditions. They could be able to compete with Fe or humic colloids for Pb binding regards to their amount and specific areas. Nanoplastics could therefore be efficient vectors of Pb and probably of many other metals as well in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Davranche
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Cloé Veclin
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Hind El Hadri
- IPREM, UMR 5254, CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, F64000 Pau, France
| | - Bruno Grassl
- IPREM, UMR 5254, CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, F64000 Pau, France
| | - Laura Rowenczyk
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR CNRS 5623, Université; Paul Sabatier-UPS, Batiment 2R1, 3ème étage, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Aline Dia
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Ter Halle
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR CNRS 5623, Université; Paul Sabatier-UPS, Batiment 2R1, 3ème étage, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Florent Blancho
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stephanie Reynaud
- IPREM, UMR 5254, CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, F64000 Pau, France
| | - Julien Gigault
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France
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817
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Fackelmann G, Sommer S. Microplastics and the gut microbiome: How chronically exposed species may suffer from gut dysbiosis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 143:193-203. [PMID: 31789155 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As small pieces of plastics known as microplastics pollute even the remotest parts of Earth, research currently focuses on unveiling how this pollution may affect biota. Despite increasing awareness, one potentially major consequence of chronic exposure to microplastics has been largely neglected: the impact of the disruption of the symbiosis between host and the natural community and abundance pattern of the gut microbiota. This so-called dysbiosis might be caused by the consumption of microplastics, associated mechanical disruption within the gastrointestinal tract, the ingestion of foreign and potentially pathogenic bacteria, as well as chemicals, which make-up or adhere to microplastics. Dysbiosis may interfere with the host immune system and trigger the onset of (chronic) diseases, promote pathogenic infections, and alter the gene capacity and expression of gut microbiota. We summarize how chronically exposed species may suffer from microplastics-induced gut dysbiosis, deteriorating host health, and highlight corresponding future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Fackelmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Simone Sommer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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818
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Mu J, Zhang S, Qu L, Jin F, Fang C, Ma X, Zhang W, Wang J. Microplastics abundance and characteristics in surface waters from the Northwest Pacific, the Bering Sea, and the Chukchi Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 143:58-65. [PMID: 31789166 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in the Arctic Ocean have gained considerable attention due to its ubiquity and impacts within ecosystems. However, little information is available on MPs in the Pacific section of the Arctic Ocean. The present study determined the abundance, distribution, and composition of MPs in surface waters from the Northwestern Pacific, the Bering Sea, and the Chukchi Sea. The MPs abundances varied from 0.018 items/m3 to 0.31 items/m3, with a mean abundance of 0.13 ± 0.11 items/m3. The highest level of MPs was found in the Chukchi Sea. Of all of the detected MPs, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) accounted for the largest proportion of MPs, and fiber was predominant with regard to the total amount. Our results highlighted that the Arctic Ocean is becoming a hotspot for plastic pollution, and the risks posed by MPs need to be paid closer attention in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Mu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, No. 200, Wenxian Road, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ling Qu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 178, Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China.
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819
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Abstract
For decades, significant work has been conducted regarding plastic waste by dealing with rejected materials in waste masses through their accumulation, sorting and recycling. Important political and technical challenges are involved, especially with respect to landfilled waste. Plastic is popular and, notwithstanding decrease policies, it will remain a material widely used in most economic sectors. However, questions of plastic waste recycling in the contemporary world cannot be solved without knowing the material, which can be achieved by careful sampling, analysis and quantification. Plastic is heterogeneous, but usually all plastic waste is jointly handled for recycling and incineration. Separation before processing waste through the analytical approach must be applied. Modern landfill mining and site clean-up projects in contemporary waste management systems require comprehensive material studies ranging from the macro-characterization of waste masses to a more detailed analysis of hazardous constituents and properties from an energy calorific standpoint—where, among other methods, thermogravimetric research coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic assessment is highly welcomed.
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820
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Erni-Cassola G, Zadjelovic V, Gibson MI, Christie-Oleza JA. Distribution of plastic polymer types in the marine environment; A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 369:691-698. [PMID: 30826562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing plastic discharge into the environment, researchers have struggled to detect expected increases of marine plastic debris in sea surfaces, sparking discussions about "missing plastics" and final sinks, which are hypothesized to be coastal and deep-sea sediments. While it holds true that the highest concentrations of plastic particles are found in these locations (103-104 particles m-3 in sediments vs. 0.1-1 particles m-3 in the water column), our meta-analysis also highlights that in open oceans, microplastic polymer types segregated in the water column according to their density. Lower density polymers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, dominated sea surface samples (25% and 42%, respectively) but decreased in abundance through the water column (3% and 2% in the deep-sea, respectively), whereas only denser polymers (i.e. polyesters and acrylics) were enriched with depth (5% in surface seawater vs. 77% in deep-sea locations). Our meta-analysis demonstrates that some of the most abundant and recalcitrant manufactured plastics are more persistent in the sea surface than previously anticipated and that further research is required to determine the ultimate fate of these polymers as current knowledge does not support the deep sea as the final sink for all polymer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinko Zadjelovic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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821
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Franzellitti S, Canesi L, Auguste M, Wathsala RHGR, Fabbri E. Microplastic exposure and effects in aquatic organisms: A physiological perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:37-51. [PMID: 30870694 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic life, given their ubiquitous presence in the water compartment, represents a growing concern. Consistently, scientific knowledge is advancing rapidly, although evidence on actual adverse effects is still highly fragmented. This paper summarizes the recent literature on MP impacts on aquatic organisms in an attempt to link routes of uptake, possible alterations of physiological processes, and outcomes at different levels of biological organization. Animal feeding strategies and MP biodistribution is discussed, alongside with relevant effects at molecular, cellular, and systemic level. Pathways from animal exposure to apical physiological responses are examined to define the relevance of MPs for animal health, and to point out open questions and research gaps. Emphasis is given to emerging threats posed by leaching of plastic additives, many of which have endocrine disruption potential. The potential role of MPs as substrates for microorganism growth and vehicle for pathogen spreading is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Rajapaksha H G R Wathsala
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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822
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Bellingeri A, Bergami E, Grassi G, Faleri C, Redondo-Hasselerharm P, Koelmans AA, Corsi I. Combined effects of nanoplastics and copper on the freshwater alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:179-187. [PMID: 30870664 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are recognized as able to interact with other pollutants including heavy metals, and with natural organic matter, with implications for the potential risks to biota. We investigated the interaction of carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-COOH NPs) with copper (Cu) and algal exudates (EPS) and how such interaction could affect Cu toxicity towards the freshwater microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. PS-COOH NPs behavior in the presence of Cu and EPS was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while PS-COOH NPs surface interaction with Cu ions and EPS was investigated by fluorimetric analysis. ICP-MS was used to test Cu ion adsorption to PS-COOH NPs in the presence and absence of algae. The interaction between PS-COOH NPs and the algal cell wall was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Short- and long-term toxicity tests were carried out in parallel to assess the impact of PS-COOH NPs on algal growth. Results showed altered nanoparticle surface charge and hydrodynamic diameter following algal EPS exposure, supporting the hypothesis of a protein corona formation. In contrast, no absorption of Cu ions was observed on PS-COOH NPs, either in the presence or absence of algae. No differences on algal growth inhibition were observed between exposure to Cu only, and to Cu in combination with PS-COOH NPs, in short-term as well as long-term tests. However, after 72 h of exposure, the adsorption of PS-COOH NPs to algal cell walls appeared to correspond to morphological alterations, revealing potential disturbances in the mitotic cycle. Our findings confirm the ability of PS-COOH NPs to interact with EPS as shown for other nanomaterials. Environmentally realistic exposure scenarios are thus needed for evaluating nanoplastic toxicity, as nanoparticles will not maintain their pristine nature once released into natural media. Prolonged exposure and use of different end-points such as cell morphological changes and EPS production seem more reliable for the investigation of nanoplastic/algal cell interactions which can drive food chain transfer of nanoplastics and ultimately toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bellingeri
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - E Bergami
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - G Grassi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - C Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - P Redondo-Hasselerharm
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - I Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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823
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Guo X, Wang J. The chemical behaviors of microplastics in marine environment: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:1-14. [PMID: 31232281 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely existed in marine and coastal environments, which aroused global concern in recent years. This review mainly summarized the interactions of organic pollutants and metals with microplastics based on environmental monitoring results and laboratory results reported by literatures. Firstly, the type, properties, and distribution of microplastics in the environment were briefly reviewed. Secondly, the property changes of microplastics after degradation were discussed. Thirdly, the concentrations of pollutants on microplastics in global environments were summarized. Then the effect of the factors (e.g. types and properties of microplastics, types of pollutants, and environmental conditions) on the sorption behaviors of microplastics were discussed in detail. Finally, the influences of microplastics on marine organisms were briefly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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824
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Wang MH, He Y, Sen B. Research and management of plastic pollution in coastal environments of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:898-905. [PMID: 30856505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine plastic waste has become an ever-increasing environmental threat in the world's ocean largely due to their unique properties and ubiquitous occurrence. They include diverse forms of land- and ocean-based sources of plastics and are estimated to account for up to 85% of marine debris worldwide. As secondary pollutants, marine microplastic particles (<5 mm) are derived from pellet loss and degradation of macroplastics. Up to now, several reports have proposed negative impacts of both macro-sized and micro-sized plastics on marine biota. As one of the rapidly growing economies, China is the topmost contributor of plastic waste in the world. China's massive impact on the plastic levels of the ocean are a definite cause of concern and is developing multiple economic, environmental and biological complications. The research of plastics impact on coastal environments in China is only incipient. Here we review the available information on plastic waste, their impacts on marine biota and human health, and Chinese government policies and management initiatives. Although Chinese coastal environments (surface water, coastal sediments, water column) are affected by microplastics pollution, both from land-based and sea-based activities, their impacts on marine biota remain to be elucidated. Though national-level policies are modern and well suited for minimizing the impacts of plastic pollution, there is hardly any legislation for containment of microplastic pollution. Our objective is to review and summarize the information about the occurrence, impacts, and management of plastic pollution in the Chinese coastal environments in order to comprehend their widespread repercussions. MAIN FINDING: Microplastics are increasingly being detected and quantified in Chinese coastal environments and legislation for containment of such pollution is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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825
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Battulga B, Kawahigashi M, Oyuntsetseg B. Distribution and composition of plastic debris along the river shore in the Selenga River basin in Mongolia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14059-14072. [PMID: 30852749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in aquatic environments is one of the most fatal environmental issues in the world. Although the distribution of plastic debris in the sea and at coasts has been addressed, the transportation of plastics through a river system is unclear but important. The distribution of plastic debris in the Selenga River system is responsible for the environmental pollution of Lake Baikal. Twelve sampling sites along the river shore of the Selenga River system have been surveyed considering the industrial activity and population density. The number of plastics significantly correlates with the population density. The higher the number of plastics is, the smaller is the average size. The size fractions of foam and film plastics show a significant relationship, suggesting that the plastic debris fragmented on-site on the river shores. The most abundant plastic debris is polystyrene foam (PSF), which is usually used for construction and packaging. Plastic debris occurs due to insufficient plastic waste management. Its distribution is affected by seasonal changes of the water level and flow rate of tributaries. Furthermore, the fragmentation of plastic debris is related to temperature changes associated with freeze and thaw cycles, solar radiation, and mechanical abrasion. Smaller microplastics with microscopic sizes were detected in PSF debris. Based on micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, these microplastics are polystyrene and polyethylene. This study proves that invisible and visible microplastics are transported together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batdulam Battulga
- Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 1920397, Japan
| | | | - Bolormaa Oyuntsetseg
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 210646, Mongolia
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826
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Li L, Su L, Cai H, Rochman CM, Li Q, Kolandhasamy P, Peng J, Shi H. The uptake of microfibers by freshwater Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) varies based upon physicochemical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:107-114. [PMID: 30640001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic is an umbrella term that covers particles with various physical and chemical properties. However, microplastics with a consistent shape, polymer type and size are generally used in exposure studies (e.g., spherical polyethylene or polystyrene beads 1-100 μm in size). In the present study, we exposed freshwater Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) to microfibers with different physicochemical properties at concentrations of 100 and 1000 fibers/L. The first experiment in this study exposed clams to microfibers made from six different polymers, demonstrating that Asian clams uptake more polyester (PET) (4.1 items/g) relevant to other polymers. The next experiment exposed clams to PET fibers of different size classes, demonstrating that uptake in the size range 100-250 μm (1.7 items/g) was greater than other size classes. These results suggest that physicochemical properties such as polymer and size play important roles in the uptake of microfibers by organisms. Thus, we strongly suggest that the properties of microplastics used in future laboratory exposure experiments be considered, with the aim of being "environmentally relevant", i.e., similar to what is found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huiwen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qipei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Prabhu Kolandhasamy
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinping Peng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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827
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Sorption of organic substances to tire wear materials: Similarities and differences with other types of microplastic. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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828
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Nazareth M, Marques MRC, Leite MCA, Castro ÍB. Commercial plastics claiming biodegradable status: Is this also accurate for marine environments? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:714-722. [PMID: 30583241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about plastic pollution and global public policies have encouraged consumers to acquire environmentally friendly products. Thus, products made of biodegradable plastics have been preferred by the public, despite their costs. However, greenwashing practices, promising more environmental benefits than the products actually offer, has become frequent. Nevertheless, no studies assessing the occurrence of greenwashing in commercial plastic products sold in large world economies have been performed. The present study aimed to experimentally evaluate alterations in structure and chemical composition of selected plastic products marketed in Canada, USA and Brazil. The aging experiments carried out by seawater immersion for 180 days showed no evidence of degradation in 4 out of the 6 studied samples, despite product claims of biodegradability or 100% degradability status. This finding denotes unequivocal greenwashing practices, even including bags made of polyethylene, an ordinary non-biodegradable polymer. Thus, the inadequate adoption of green marketing is deceiving to consumers and may lead to improper disposal of these materials. These practices are highly counterproductive in view of the global public policies recently adopted to control plastic pollution. Therefore, considering the technologies currently available for identification of polymers, a strict control should be exercised over products that claim biodegradable status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monick Nazareth
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica R C Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia C A Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo, 11030-100, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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829
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Bergami E, Krupinski Emerenciano A, González-Aravena M, Cárdenas CA, Hernández P, Silva JRMC, Corsi I. Polystyrene nanoparticles affect the innate immune system of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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830
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VishnuRadhan R, Eldho TI, David TD. Can plastics affect near surface layer ocean processes and climate? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:274-280. [PMID: 30803643 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastics in the ocean are of great concern nowadays, and are often referred to as the apocalyptic twin of climate change in terms of public fear and the problems they pose to the aquatic and terrestrial environment. The number of studies focusing on the ecological effects and toxicity of plastics has substantially increased in the last few years. Considering the current trends in the anthropogenic activities, the amount of plastics entering the world oceans is increasing exponentially, but the oceans have a low assimilative capacity for plastics and the near-surface layer of it is a finite space. If loading of the oceans with plastics continues at the current rate, the thin sea surface microlayer can have a substantial amount of plastics comparable to the distribution of phytoplankton, at least in the major oceanic gyres and coastal waters in the future. Also, processes like biofouling can cluster microplastics in dense fields in the near-surface layer. Plastics can contribute to the warming or cooling of the water column by scattering and attenuating incoming solar radiation, leading to a potential change in the optical and other physico-chemical properties of the water column. We propose a new notion that changes in solar radiation in the water column due to the plastics have the potential to affect the physical processes in the ocean surface and near-surface layers, and can induce climate feedback cycles. The future can be very different, if plastics evolve as one of the key players affecting the ocean physical processes and hence this is the time to tackle this puzzle with appropriate strategies or let the genie out of the bottle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith VishnuRadhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - T I Eldho
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - T Divya David
- Physical Oceanography Division-OSG, ESSO-National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa 403804, India
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831
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Luo W, Su L, Craig NJ, Du F, Wu C, Shi H. Comparison of microplastic pollution in different water bodies from urban creeks to coastal waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:174-182. [PMID: 30543943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although freshwater and estuary systems are recognized as origins and transport pathways of plastics to the oceans, there is a lack of comparison of microplastics in different water bodies or river networks. In the present study, the spatial distribution of microplastics was compared across different water bodies, including city creeks (Shanghai), rivers (Suzhou River and Huangpu River), an estuary (Yangtze Estuary) and coastal waters (East China Sea) in the Yangtze Delta area. Significant spatial differences of microplastic abundances were revealed across the sampling areas. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics was higher (1.8-2.4 items/L) in freshwater bodies than that in estuarine and coastal water (0.9 items/L). In the Suzhou River and the Huangpu River, microplastics showed trends of increasing abundance downstream, where the peak of microplastic pollution is closer to the city center and the estuary. In respect of abundance, microplastics are likely to be transported from pollution sources to sink areas via river networks. The proportion of fibers was the highest in city creeks (88%), followed by the Suzhou River (85%), the Huangpu River (81%), the Yangtze Estuary (66%) and the East China Sea (37%). Similarly, polyesters dominated in city creeks and rivers. The results suggest that both the abundance and properties of microplastic pollution varies across different water bodies. Microplastic pollution in small freshwater bodies is more serious than in estuarine and coastal waters. Therefore, we support prioritization of water monitoring for microplastics within entire river networks, instead of single water body surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Center for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Department of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Craig
- Center for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Department of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fangni Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chengxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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832
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Arhant M, Le Gall M, Le Gac PY, Davies P. Impact of hydrolytic degradation on mechanical properties of PET - Towards an understanding of microplastics formation. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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833
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Tiwari M, Rathod TD, Ajmal PY, Bhangare RC, Sahu SK. Distribution and characterization of microplastics in beach sand from three different Indian coastal environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:262-273. [PMID: 30803642 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastic particles were evaluated on beaches along the Indian coast from three different locations Girgaon Mumbai (Arabian sea coast), Tuticorin, and Dhanushkodi (Bay of Bengal coast). Density separation method was adopted for isolation of microplastics from sand. Isolated microplastics were characterized using three different analytical techniques e.g. fluorescence microscopy (after staining with Nile Red), FTIR and SEM-EDS techniques. Microplastic concentrations in beach sands were from 45 ± 12 # MP kg-1 to 220 ± 50 # MP kg-1 of dry sand. The order of abundance of plastic type was polyethylene (43%) > polyethylene terephthalate (17.3%) ≈ polystyrene (17%) > polypropylene (12.3%) > Others (11%) > polyvinylchloride (1.33%), and very similar profile was observed for all monitored locations. SEM images show microplastics surfaces with characteristic cracks, suggests their polymer aging, mechanical and oxidative weathering, which was found highest for the microplastics collected from Mumbai.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tiwari
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T D Rathod
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - P Y Ajmal
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - R C Bhangare
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S K Sahu
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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834
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Panno SV, Kelly WR, Scott J, Zheng W, McNeish RE, Holm N, Hoellein TJ, Baranski EL. Microplastic Contamination in Karst Groundwater Systems. GROUND WATER 2019; 57:189-196. [PMID: 30675731 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater in karst aquifers constitutes about 25% of drinking water sources globally. Karst aquifers are open systems, susceptible to contamination by surface-borne pollutants. In this study, springs and wells from two karst aquifers in Illinois, USA, were found to contain microplastics and other anthropogenic contaminants. All microplastics were fibers, with a maximum concentration of 15.2 particles/L. The presence of microplastic was consistent with other parameters, including phosphate, chloride and triclosan, suggesting septic effluent as a source. More studies are needed on microplastic sources, abundance, and impacts on karst ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Scott
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Champaign, IL 61820
| | - Wei Zheng
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Champaign, IL 61820
| | | | - Nancy Holm
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Champaign, IL 61820
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835
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Collateral effects of microplastic pollution on aquatic microorganisms: An ecological perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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836
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S A N. Preliminary study and first evidence of presence of microplastics and colorants in green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), from southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:416-422. [PMID: 30803662 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by microplastics (MPs) is currently a global problem in the coastal and marine environment. Transfer of MPs from land to sea and their inclusion in the food web has a significant adverse effect on the marine life and human health. The present study was carried out at the fishing harbour of Chennai, southeast coast of India. The possible MPs were isolated from the soft tissues of the commercially important bivalve Perna viridis and examined by microscopic and DXR Raman spectroscopic methods. The MPs were identified as to be polystyrene polymers in the soft tissues. This investigation revealed that size and color are the major factors affecting the bioavailability of MPs to bivalves in the study area. The presence of colorants in organisms revealed an anthropogenic origin through the use of a wide array of applications. Hence, coastal zones are a hotspot for pollution by MPs, and filter feeding bivalves are at the highest risk. Therefore, further studies are required to understand the accumulation rates and residence time of MPs across the food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidu S A
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Chennai, 600100, India.
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837
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Yurtsever M, Yurtsever U. Use of a convolutional neural network for the classification of microbeads in urban wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:271-280. [PMID: 30384295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are on the lookout for a practical model that can serve as a standard for sorting out, identifying, and characterizing microplastics which are common occurrences in water sources and wastewaters. The microbeads (MBs) used in cosmetics and discharged into the sewer systems after use cause substantial microplastics pollution in the receiving waters. Today, the use of plastic microbeads in cosmetics is banned. The existing use cases are to be discontinued within a few years. Yet, there are no restrictions regarding the use of microbeads in a number of industries, cleaning products, pharmaceuticals and medical practices. In this context, the determination and classification of MBs which had so far been discharged to water sources and which continue to be discharged, represent crucial problems. In this work, we examined a new approach for the classification of MBs based on microscopic images. For classification purposes, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) -a Deep Learning algorithm- was employed, whereas GoogLeNet architecture served as the model. The network is built from scratch, and trained then after tested on a total of 42928 images containing MBs in 5 distinct cleansers. The study performed with the CNN which achieved a classification performance of 89% for MBs in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yurtsever
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Ulaş Yurtsever
- Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
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838
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Olivatto GP, Martins MCT, Montagner CC, Henry TB, Carreira RS. Microplastic contamination in surface waters in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:157-162. [PMID: 30686414 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are contaminants of environmental concern that represent a threat to marine systems. Here we report data on the abundance and characteristics of MPs collected from surface waters of the urban Guanabara Bay. Samples were collected, by horizontal trawling of a plankton net on two occasions (summer of 2016). The MPs were obtained from samples by sieving and particles were manually sorted with microscope. Characterization of MPs was accomplished by gravimetry and digital image processing (for quantification and morphology categorization), and chemical composition identified by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Total MPs ranged from 1.40 to 21.3 particles/m3, which places Guanabara Bay amongst the most contaminated coastal systems worldwide by microplastics. Polyethylene and polypropylene polymers ≤1 mm were the most abundant particles. Therefore, the occurrence of MPs in Guanabara Bay is relevant to understand ecological hazards of exposition to marine biota and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia P Olivatto
- Chemistry Department Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Theodore B Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Renato S Carreira
- Chemistry Department Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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839
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Acosta-Coley I, Mendez-Cuadro D, Rodriguez-Cavallo E, de la Rosa J, Olivero-Verbel J. Trace elements in microplastics in Cartagena: A hotspot for plastic pollution at the Caribbean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:402-411. [PMID: 30686444 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are new pollutants considered a source of concern for the oceans worldwide. This research reports the concentrations of trace metals on microplastics collected on beaches from Cartagena, an industrialized city in the Caribbean. Mercury (Hg) was quantified using a Hg analyzer and forty-seven trace elements were assessed by ICP/MS. Most abundant microplastics in beaches were those with the lower degree of surface degradation features (SDF), categorized as white-new polyethylene pellets, followed by secondary microplastics (SM). Greater Hg levels were found in SM, white-degraded (WDP) and black pellets. Trace elements concentrations were linked to the degree of SDF registered in examined pellets, with larger concentrations in WDP. Compared to white-new pellets, Ba, Cr, Rb, Sr, Ce, Zr, Ni, Pb were the most accumulated elements in WDP, as their surface enhance the sorption processes. Microplastic pollution represents a toxicological hazard because its ability to accumulate and transport toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Acosta-Coley
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia; Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Dario Mendez-Cuadro
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Erika Rodriguez-Cavallo
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus de la Rosa
- Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CIQSO), University of Huelva, Robert H. Grubbs Building, Campus de el Carmen, s/n. E21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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840
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Significance of interactions between microplastics and POPs in the marine environment: A critical overview. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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841
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Atwood EC, Falcieri FM, Piehl S, Bochow M, Matthies M, Franke J, Carniel S, Sclavo M, Laforsch C, Siegert F. Coastal accumulation of microplastic particles emitted from the Po River, Northern Italy: Comparing remote sensing and hydrodynamic modelling with in situ sample collections. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:561-574. [PMID: 30660307 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic research has mainly concentrated on open seas, while riverine plumes remain largely unexplored despite their hypothesized importance as a microplastic source to coastal waters. This work aimed to model coastal accumulation of microplastic particles (1-5 mm) emitted by the Po River over 1.5 years. We posit that river-induced microplastic accumulation on adjacent coasts can be predicted using (1) hydrodynamic-based and (2) remote sensing-based modelling. Model accumulation maps were validated against sampling at nine beaches, with sediment microplastic concentrations up to 78 particles/kg (dry weight). Hydrodynamic modelling revealed that discharged particle amount is only semi-coupled to beaching rates, which are strongly mouth dependent and occur within the first ten days. Remote sensing modelling was found to better capture river mouth relative strength, and accumulation patterns were found consistent with hydrodynamic modelling. This methodology lays groundwork for developing an operational monitoring system to assess microplastic pollution emitted by a major river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Atwood
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstr. 3, 82065 Baierbrunn, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, GeoBio-Center, Großhadernerstr. 2, 82152 Martinsried, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Francesco M Falcieri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Sarah Piehl
- University Bayreuth, Dept. Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mathias Bochow
- University Bayreuth, Dept. Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Matthies
- University of Osnabrück, Institute of Environmental Systems Research, Barbarastr. 12, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jonas Franke
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstr. 3, 82065 Baierbrunn, Germany
| | - Sandro Carniel
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Mauro Sclavo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Christian Laforsch
- University Bayreuth, Dept. Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Florian Siegert
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstr. 3, 82065 Baierbrunn, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, GeoBio-Center, Großhadernerstr. 2, 82152 Martinsried, Planegg, Germany
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842
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Strungaru SA, Jijie R, Nicoara M, Plavan G, Faggio C. Micro- (nano) plastics in freshwater ecosystems: Abundance, toxicological impact and quantification methodology. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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843
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Laganà P, Caruso G, Corsi I, Bergami E, Venuti V, Majolino D, La Ferla R, Azzaro M, Cappello S. Do plastics serve as a possible vector for the spread of antibiotic resistance? First insights from bacteria associated to a polystyrene piece from King George Island (Antarctica). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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844
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Li R, Zhang L, Xue B, Wang Y. Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the mangrove sediment of the semi-enclosed Maowei Sea of the south China sea: New implications for location, rhizosphere, and sediment compositions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:685-692. [PMID: 30384074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution of intertidal mangrove ecosystems is receiving growing attention, and scientists suspect that the microplastic pollution of semi-enclosed seas is significantly different from that of other coastal types because of their unique geographical features. However, data on the distributions and characteristics of microplastics in the mangrove sediment of semi-enclosed seas are very limited. This study selected the Maowei Sea, a typical semi-enclosed sea, as its representative study site. The analysis revealed that the microplastic abundances in the river estuaries were much lower than those at the oceanic entrance zones, with values ranging from 520 ± 8 to 940 ± 17 items/kg. Polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS), white/transparent, and <1 mm were the dominant type, colour, and size of the microplastics, respectively, in the observed mangrove sediments. Moreover, some other factors, including the rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere and the proportion of organic matter, codetermined the distribution and characteristics of microplastics. Specifically: (1) the percentage of colorful microplastics were higher in the rhizosphere due to the microbial activities and (2) positive linear relationships were found between the pore volume (PV) values of the free particulate organic matter (FPOM), occluded particulate organic matter (OPOM) (1.6-2.0 g/cm3 and >2.0 g/cm3), and the abundance of very small microplastics (<1 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Baoming Xue
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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845
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Andrady AL, Pandey KK, Heikkilä AM. Interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on material damage. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:804-825. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp90065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solar UV radiation adversely affects the properties of organic materials used in construction, such as plastics and wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State Univ
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology
- Bengaluru
- India
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research
- Helsinki
- Finland
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846
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Karthik R, Robin RS, Purvaja R, Ganguly D, Anandavelu I, Raghuraman R, Hariharan G, Ramakrishna A, Ramesh R. Microplastics along the beaches of southeast coast of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1388-1399. [PMID: 30248861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of microplastics (plastic debris <5 mm) along the coast is a growing concern worldwide, due to increased input of discarded wastes from various sources. In order to evaluate the extent of microplastic pollution on the sandy beaches (25 locations) along Tamil Nadu coast (1076 km), India, microplastic debris were quantified and categorized into four different size classes. The beaches were classified according to potential sources of pollution i.e. riverine, tourism and fisheries. Beach samples collected from the high tide line contained significantly higher abundance of microplastic than at the low tide line. Beaches adjacent to rivers exhibited relatively higher microplastic abundance compared to those influenced by tourism and fishing activities. Out of the total detected debris, plastic fragments were the maximum (47-50%), followed by line/fibres (24-27%) and foam (10-19%) materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were the main types of microplastics present in these beaches. Gut content analysis of commercially important fishes, collected from the coastal waters, revealed microplastics ingestion in 10.1% of fishes. The results indicate that microplastics accumulation in the coastal environment, especially close to the river mouths, may be a serious concern, due to its ability to enter into the marine food web and highlights the necessity of microplastics screening from estuarine, coastal waters and other potential sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karthik
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R S Robin
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - D Ganguly
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - I Anandavelu
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R Raghuraman
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - G Hariharan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India.
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847
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Woods MN, Stack ME, Fields DM, Shaw SD, Matrai PA. Microplastic fiber uptake, ingestion, and egestion rates in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:638-645. [PMID: 30503478 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic fibers (MPF) are a ubiquitous marine contaminant, making up to 90% of global microplastic concentrations. Imaging flow cytometry was used to measure uptake and ingestion rates of MPF by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Mussels were fed a diet of Rhodomonas salina and MPF concentrations up to 30 MPF mL-1, or 0.374% of available seston. Filtration rates were greatly reduced in mussels exposed to MPF. Uptake of MPF followed a Holling's Type II functional response with 95% of the maximum rate (5227 MPF h-1) occurring at 13 MPF mL-1. An average of 39 MPF (SE ± 15, n = 4) was found in feces (maximum of 70 MPF). Most MPF (71%) were quickly rejected as pseudofeces, with approximately 9% ingested and <1% excreted in feces. Mussels may act as microplastic sinks in Gulf of Maine coastal waters, where MPF concentrations are near the order of magnitude as the experimental treatments herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn N Woods
- Shaw Institute, P.O. 1652, 55 Main St, Blue Hill, ME 04614, USA; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA.
| | | | - David M Fields
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Susan D Shaw
- Shaw Institute, P.O. 1652, 55 Main St, Blue Hill, ME 04614, USA
| | - Patricia A Matrai
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA.
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848
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Bimali Koongolla J, Andrady AL, Terney Pradeep Kumara PB, Gangabadage CS. Evidence of microplastics pollution in coastal beaches and waters in southern Sri Lanka. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:277-284. [PMID: 30503436 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of microplastics (MPs) in surface water and beach sediment in Southern Sri Lanka covering a distance of 91 km of coastline is reported. MPs were classified according to polymer type, geometry and color of the sites tested 60% showed MP contamination in sand and 70% in surface waters off the coast. The size range of MPs from surface waters and beaches were to 1.5-2.5 mm and 3-4.5 mm, respectively. Majority of these were identified as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) with some polystyrene (PS) foam at a few sites. Fragments derived from larger debris appears to be the dominant type of MP at most sites and only 2 sites showed virgin pellets that accounted for 14% of the samples collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bimali Koongolla
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Geology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - A L Andrady
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - P B Terney Pradeep Kumara
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Geology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Marine Environment Protection Authority, No. 758, 2nd Floor, Baseline Road, Colombo 09, Sri Lanka
| | - C S Gangabadage
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
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849
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Bråte ILN, Hurley R, Iversen K, Beyer J, Thomas KV, Steindal CC, Green NW, Olsen M, Lusher A. Mytilus spp. as sentinels for monitoring microplastic pollution in Norwegian coastal waters: A qualitative and quantitative study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:383-393. [PMID: 30212794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination is ubiquitous in the environment and many species worldwide have been shown to contain MP. The ecological impact of MP pollution is still unknown, thus there is an urgent need for more knowledge. One key task is to identify species suitable as sentinels for monitoring in key eco-compartments, such as coastal waters. In Norway, mussels (Mytilus spp.) have been monitored for hazardous contaminants through OSPAR since 1981. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe and adding MP to the Norwegian Mussel Watch is therefore important in a European and global context. The present study reports MP data in mussels (332 specimens) collected from multiple sites (n = 15) spanning the whole Norwegian coastline. MPs were detected at all locations, except at one site on the west coast. Among the most surprising findings, mussels from the Barents Sea coastline in the Finnmark region, contained significantly more MPs than mussels from most of the southern part of the country, despite the latter sites being located much closer to major urban areas. Only mussels from a site located very close to Oslo, the capital, contained levels similar to those observed in the remote site in Finnmark. In total an average of 1.5 (±2.3) particles ind-1 and 0.97 (±2.61) particles w.w. g-1 was found. The most common MPs were <1 mm in size, and fibres accounted for 83% of particles identified, although there was inter-site variability. Thirteen different polymeric groups were identified; cellulosic being the most common and black rubbery particles being the second. This study suggests Mytilus spp. are suitable for semi-quantitative and qualitatively monitoring of MPs in coastal waters. However, some uncertainties remain including mussel size as a confounding factor that may influence ingestion, the role of depuration and other fate related processes, and this call for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Lise N Bråte
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rachel Hurley
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Karine Iversen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Norman W Green
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Olsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Amy Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
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850
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Bonanno G, Orlando-Bonaca M. Perspectives on using marine species as bioindicators of plastic pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:209-221. [PMID: 30503427 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing level of marine pollution due to plastic debris is a globally recognized threat that needs effective actions of control and mitigation. Using marine organisms as bioindicators of plastic pollution can provide crucial information that would better integrate the spatial and temporal presence of plastic debris in the sea. Given their long and frequent migrations, numerous marine species that ingest plastics can provide information on the presence of plastic debris but only on large spatial and temporal scales, thus making it difficult to identify quantitative correlations of ingested plastics within well-defined spatio-temporal patterns. Given the complex dynamics of plastics in the sea, the biomonitoring of marine plastic debris should rely on the combination of several bioindicator species with different characteristics that complement each other. Other critical aspects include the standardization of sampling protocols, analytical detection methods and metrics to evaluate the effects of ingested plastics in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bonanno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Antonino Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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