801
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Davranche M, Veclin C, Pierson-Wickmann AC, El Hadri H, Grassl B, Rowenczyk L, Dia A, Ter Halle A, Blancho F, Reynaud S, Gigault J. Are nanoplastics able to bind significant amount of metals? The lead example. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:940-948. [PMID: 30965546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale size of plastic debris makes them potential efficient vectors of many pollutants and more especially of metals. In order to evaluate this ability, nanoplastics were produced from microplastics collected on a beach exposed to the North Atlantic Gyre. The nanoplastics were characterized using multi-dimensional methods: asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation and dynamic light scattering coupled to several detectors. Lead (II) adsorption kinetics, isotherm and pH-edge were then carried out. The sorption reached a steady state after around 200 min. The maximum sorption capacity varied between 97% and 78.5% for both tested Pb concentrations. Lead (II) adsorption kinetics is controlled by chemical reactions with the nanoplastics surface and to a lesser extent by intraparticle diffusion. Adsorption isotherm modeling using Freundlich model demonstrated that NPG are strong adsorbents equivalent to hydrous ferric oxides such as ferrihydrite (log Kadsfreundlich=8.36 against 11.76 for NPG and ferrihydrite, respectively). The adsorption is dependent upon pH, in response to the Pb(II) adsorption by the oxygenated binding sites developed on account of the surface UV oxidation under environmental conditions. They could be able to compete with Fe or humic colloids for Pb binding regards to their amount and specific areas. Nanoplastics could therefore be efficient vectors of Pb and probably of many other metals as well in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Davranche
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Cloé Veclin
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Hind El Hadri
- IPREM, UMR 5254, CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, F64000 Pau, France
| | - Bruno Grassl
- IPREM, UMR 5254, CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, F64000 Pau, France
| | - Laura Rowenczyk
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR CNRS 5623, Université; Paul Sabatier-UPS, Batiment 2R1, 3ème étage, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Aline Dia
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Ter Halle
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR CNRS 5623, Université; Paul Sabatier-UPS, Batiment 2R1, 3ème étage, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Florent Blancho
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stephanie Reynaud
- IPREM, UMR 5254, CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, F64000 Pau, France
| | - Julien Gigault
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, F35000 Rennes, France
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802
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Fackelmann G, Sommer S. Microplastics and the gut microbiome: How chronically exposed species may suffer from gut dysbiosis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 143:193-203. [PMID: 31789155 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As small pieces of plastics known as microplastics pollute even the remotest parts of Earth, research currently focuses on unveiling how this pollution may affect biota. Despite increasing awareness, one potentially major consequence of chronic exposure to microplastics has been largely neglected: the impact of the disruption of the symbiosis between host and the natural community and abundance pattern of the gut microbiota. This so-called dysbiosis might be caused by the consumption of microplastics, associated mechanical disruption within the gastrointestinal tract, the ingestion of foreign and potentially pathogenic bacteria, as well as chemicals, which make-up or adhere to microplastics. Dysbiosis may interfere with the host immune system and trigger the onset of (chronic) diseases, promote pathogenic infections, and alter the gene capacity and expression of gut microbiota. We summarize how chronically exposed species may suffer from microplastics-induced gut dysbiosis, deteriorating host health, and highlight corresponding future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Fackelmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Simone Sommer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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803
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Mu J, Zhang S, Qu L, Jin F, Fang C, Ma X, Zhang W, Wang J. Microplastics abundance and characteristics in surface waters from the Northwest Pacific, the Bering Sea, and the Chukchi Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 143:58-65. [PMID: 31789166 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in the Arctic Ocean have gained considerable attention due to its ubiquity and impacts within ecosystems. However, little information is available on MPs in the Pacific section of the Arctic Ocean. The present study determined the abundance, distribution, and composition of MPs in surface waters from the Northwestern Pacific, the Bering Sea, and the Chukchi Sea. The MPs abundances varied from 0.018 items/m3 to 0.31 items/m3, with a mean abundance of 0.13 ± 0.11 items/m3. The highest level of MPs was found in the Chukchi Sea. Of all of the detected MPs, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) accounted for the largest proportion of MPs, and fiber was predominant with regard to the total amount. Our results highlighted that the Arctic Ocean is becoming a hotspot for plastic pollution, and the risks posed by MPs need to be paid closer attention in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Mu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, No. 200, Wenxian Road, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ling Qu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 178, Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China.
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804
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Abstract
For decades, significant work has been conducted regarding plastic waste by dealing with rejected materials in waste masses through their accumulation, sorting and recycling. Important political and technical challenges are involved, especially with respect to landfilled waste. Plastic is popular and, notwithstanding decrease policies, it will remain a material widely used in most economic sectors. However, questions of plastic waste recycling in the contemporary world cannot be solved without knowing the material, which can be achieved by careful sampling, analysis and quantification. Plastic is heterogeneous, but usually all plastic waste is jointly handled for recycling and incineration. Separation before processing waste through the analytical approach must be applied. Modern landfill mining and site clean-up projects in contemporary waste management systems require comprehensive material studies ranging from the macro-characterization of waste masses to a more detailed analysis of hazardous constituents and properties from an energy calorific standpoint—where, among other methods, thermogravimetric research coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic assessment is highly welcomed.
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805
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Erni-Cassola G, Zadjelovic V, Gibson MI, Christie-Oleza JA. Distribution of plastic polymer types in the marine environment; A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 369:691-698. [PMID: 30826562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing plastic discharge into the environment, researchers have struggled to detect expected increases of marine plastic debris in sea surfaces, sparking discussions about "missing plastics" and final sinks, which are hypothesized to be coastal and deep-sea sediments. While it holds true that the highest concentrations of plastic particles are found in these locations (103-104 particles m-3 in sediments vs. 0.1-1 particles m-3 in the water column), our meta-analysis also highlights that in open oceans, microplastic polymer types segregated in the water column according to their density. Lower density polymers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, dominated sea surface samples (25% and 42%, respectively) but decreased in abundance through the water column (3% and 2% in the deep-sea, respectively), whereas only denser polymers (i.e. polyesters and acrylics) were enriched with depth (5% in surface seawater vs. 77% in deep-sea locations). Our meta-analysis demonstrates that some of the most abundant and recalcitrant manufactured plastics are more persistent in the sea surface than previously anticipated and that further research is required to determine the ultimate fate of these polymers as current knowledge does not support the deep sea as the final sink for all polymer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinko Zadjelovic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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806
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Franzellitti S, Canesi L, Auguste M, Wathsala RHGR, Fabbri E. Microplastic exposure and effects in aquatic organisms: A physiological perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:37-51. [PMID: 30870694 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic life, given their ubiquitous presence in the water compartment, represents a growing concern. Consistently, scientific knowledge is advancing rapidly, although evidence on actual adverse effects is still highly fragmented. This paper summarizes the recent literature on MP impacts on aquatic organisms in an attempt to link routes of uptake, possible alterations of physiological processes, and outcomes at different levels of biological organization. Animal feeding strategies and MP biodistribution is discussed, alongside with relevant effects at molecular, cellular, and systemic level. Pathways from animal exposure to apical physiological responses are examined to define the relevance of MPs for animal health, and to point out open questions and research gaps. Emphasis is given to emerging threats posed by leaching of plastic additives, many of which have endocrine disruption potential. The potential role of MPs as substrates for microorganism growth and vehicle for pathogen spreading is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Rajapaksha H G R Wathsala
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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807
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Bellingeri A, Bergami E, Grassi G, Faleri C, Redondo-Hasselerharm P, Koelmans AA, Corsi I. Combined effects of nanoplastics and copper on the freshwater alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:179-187. [PMID: 30870664 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are recognized as able to interact with other pollutants including heavy metals, and with natural organic matter, with implications for the potential risks to biota. We investigated the interaction of carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-COOH NPs) with copper (Cu) and algal exudates (EPS) and how such interaction could affect Cu toxicity towards the freshwater microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. PS-COOH NPs behavior in the presence of Cu and EPS was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while PS-COOH NPs surface interaction with Cu ions and EPS was investigated by fluorimetric analysis. ICP-MS was used to test Cu ion adsorption to PS-COOH NPs in the presence and absence of algae. The interaction between PS-COOH NPs and the algal cell wall was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Short- and long-term toxicity tests were carried out in parallel to assess the impact of PS-COOH NPs on algal growth. Results showed altered nanoparticle surface charge and hydrodynamic diameter following algal EPS exposure, supporting the hypothesis of a protein corona formation. In contrast, no absorption of Cu ions was observed on PS-COOH NPs, either in the presence or absence of algae. No differences on algal growth inhibition were observed between exposure to Cu only, and to Cu in combination with PS-COOH NPs, in short-term as well as long-term tests. However, after 72 h of exposure, the adsorption of PS-COOH NPs to algal cell walls appeared to correspond to morphological alterations, revealing potential disturbances in the mitotic cycle. Our findings confirm the ability of PS-COOH NPs to interact with EPS as shown for other nanomaterials. Environmentally realistic exposure scenarios are thus needed for evaluating nanoplastic toxicity, as nanoparticles will not maintain their pristine nature once released into natural media. Prolonged exposure and use of different end-points such as cell morphological changes and EPS production seem more reliable for the investigation of nanoplastic/algal cell interactions which can drive food chain transfer of nanoplastics and ultimately toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bellingeri
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - E Bergami
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - G Grassi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - C Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - P Redondo-Hasselerharm
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - I Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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808
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Guo X, Wang J. The chemical behaviors of microplastics in marine environment: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:1-14. [PMID: 31232281 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely existed in marine and coastal environments, which aroused global concern in recent years. This review mainly summarized the interactions of organic pollutants and metals with microplastics based on environmental monitoring results and laboratory results reported by literatures. Firstly, the type, properties, and distribution of microplastics in the environment were briefly reviewed. Secondly, the property changes of microplastics after degradation were discussed. Thirdly, the concentrations of pollutants on microplastics in global environments were summarized. Then the effect of the factors (e.g. types and properties of microplastics, types of pollutants, and environmental conditions) on the sorption behaviors of microplastics were discussed in detail. Finally, the influences of microplastics on marine organisms were briefly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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809
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Wang MH, He Y, Sen B. Research and management of plastic pollution in coastal environments of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:898-905. [PMID: 30856505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine plastic waste has become an ever-increasing environmental threat in the world's ocean largely due to their unique properties and ubiquitous occurrence. They include diverse forms of land- and ocean-based sources of plastics and are estimated to account for up to 85% of marine debris worldwide. As secondary pollutants, marine microplastic particles (<5 mm) are derived from pellet loss and degradation of macroplastics. Up to now, several reports have proposed negative impacts of both macro-sized and micro-sized plastics on marine biota. As one of the rapidly growing economies, China is the topmost contributor of plastic waste in the world. China's massive impact on the plastic levels of the ocean are a definite cause of concern and is developing multiple economic, environmental and biological complications. The research of plastics impact on coastal environments in China is only incipient. Here we review the available information on plastic waste, their impacts on marine biota and human health, and Chinese government policies and management initiatives. Although Chinese coastal environments (surface water, coastal sediments, water column) are affected by microplastics pollution, both from land-based and sea-based activities, their impacts on marine biota remain to be elucidated. Though national-level policies are modern and well suited for minimizing the impacts of plastic pollution, there is hardly any legislation for containment of microplastic pollution. Our objective is to review and summarize the information about the occurrence, impacts, and management of plastic pollution in the Chinese coastal environments in order to comprehend their widespread repercussions. MAIN FINDING: Microplastics are increasingly being detected and quantified in Chinese coastal environments and legislation for containment of such pollution is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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810
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Battulga B, Kawahigashi M, Oyuntsetseg B. Distribution and composition of plastic debris along the river shore in the Selenga River basin in Mongolia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14059-14072. [PMID: 30852749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in aquatic environments is one of the most fatal environmental issues in the world. Although the distribution of plastic debris in the sea and at coasts has been addressed, the transportation of plastics through a river system is unclear but important. The distribution of plastic debris in the Selenga River system is responsible for the environmental pollution of Lake Baikal. Twelve sampling sites along the river shore of the Selenga River system have been surveyed considering the industrial activity and population density. The number of plastics significantly correlates with the population density. The higher the number of plastics is, the smaller is the average size. The size fractions of foam and film plastics show a significant relationship, suggesting that the plastic debris fragmented on-site on the river shores. The most abundant plastic debris is polystyrene foam (PSF), which is usually used for construction and packaging. Plastic debris occurs due to insufficient plastic waste management. Its distribution is affected by seasonal changes of the water level and flow rate of tributaries. Furthermore, the fragmentation of plastic debris is related to temperature changes associated with freeze and thaw cycles, solar radiation, and mechanical abrasion. Smaller microplastics with microscopic sizes were detected in PSF debris. Based on micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, these microplastics are polystyrene and polyethylene. This study proves that invisible and visible microplastics are transported together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batdulam Battulga
- Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 1920397, Japan
| | | | - Bolormaa Oyuntsetseg
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 210646, Mongolia
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811
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Li L, Su L, Cai H, Rochman CM, Li Q, Kolandhasamy P, Peng J, Shi H. The uptake of microfibers by freshwater Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) varies based upon physicochemical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:107-114. [PMID: 30640001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic is an umbrella term that covers particles with various physical and chemical properties. However, microplastics with a consistent shape, polymer type and size are generally used in exposure studies (e.g., spherical polyethylene or polystyrene beads 1-100 μm in size). In the present study, we exposed freshwater Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) to microfibers with different physicochemical properties at concentrations of 100 and 1000 fibers/L. The first experiment in this study exposed clams to microfibers made from six different polymers, demonstrating that Asian clams uptake more polyester (PET) (4.1 items/g) relevant to other polymers. The next experiment exposed clams to PET fibers of different size classes, demonstrating that uptake in the size range 100-250 μm (1.7 items/g) was greater than other size classes. These results suggest that physicochemical properties such as polymer and size play important roles in the uptake of microfibers by organisms. Thus, we strongly suggest that the properties of microplastics used in future laboratory exposure experiments be considered, with the aim of being "environmentally relevant", i.e., similar to what is found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huiwen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qipei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Prabhu Kolandhasamy
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinping Peng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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812
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Sorption of organic substances to tire wear materials: Similarities and differences with other types of microplastic. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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813
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Nazareth M, Marques MRC, Leite MCA, Castro ÍB. Commercial plastics claiming biodegradable status: Is this also accurate for marine environments? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:714-722. [PMID: 30583241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about plastic pollution and global public policies have encouraged consumers to acquire environmentally friendly products. Thus, products made of biodegradable plastics have been preferred by the public, despite their costs. However, greenwashing practices, promising more environmental benefits than the products actually offer, has become frequent. Nevertheless, no studies assessing the occurrence of greenwashing in commercial plastic products sold in large world economies have been performed. The present study aimed to experimentally evaluate alterations in structure and chemical composition of selected plastic products marketed in Canada, USA and Brazil. The aging experiments carried out by seawater immersion for 180 days showed no evidence of degradation in 4 out of the 6 studied samples, despite product claims of biodegradability or 100% degradability status. This finding denotes unequivocal greenwashing practices, even including bags made of polyethylene, an ordinary non-biodegradable polymer. Thus, the inadequate adoption of green marketing is deceiving to consumers and may lead to improper disposal of these materials. These practices are highly counterproductive in view of the global public policies recently adopted to control plastic pollution. Therefore, considering the technologies currently available for identification of polymers, a strict control should be exercised over products that claim biodegradable status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monick Nazareth
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica R C Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia C A Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo, 11030-100, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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814
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Bergami E, Krupinski Emerenciano A, González-Aravena M, Cárdenas CA, Hernández P, Silva JRMC, Corsi I. Polystyrene nanoparticles affect the innate immune system of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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815
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VishnuRadhan R, Eldho TI, David TD. Can plastics affect near surface layer ocean processes and climate? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:274-280. [PMID: 30803643 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastics in the ocean are of great concern nowadays, and are often referred to as the apocalyptic twin of climate change in terms of public fear and the problems they pose to the aquatic and terrestrial environment. The number of studies focusing on the ecological effects and toxicity of plastics has substantially increased in the last few years. Considering the current trends in the anthropogenic activities, the amount of plastics entering the world oceans is increasing exponentially, but the oceans have a low assimilative capacity for plastics and the near-surface layer of it is a finite space. If loading of the oceans with plastics continues at the current rate, the thin sea surface microlayer can have a substantial amount of plastics comparable to the distribution of phytoplankton, at least in the major oceanic gyres and coastal waters in the future. Also, processes like biofouling can cluster microplastics in dense fields in the near-surface layer. Plastics can contribute to the warming or cooling of the water column by scattering and attenuating incoming solar radiation, leading to a potential change in the optical and other physico-chemical properties of the water column. We propose a new notion that changes in solar radiation in the water column due to the plastics have the potential to affect the physical processes in the ocean surface and near-surface layers, and can induce climate feedback cycles. The future can be very different, if plastics evolve as one of the key players affecting the ocean physical processes and hence this is the time to tackle this puzzle with appropriate strategies or let the genie out of the bottle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith VishnuRadhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - T I Eldho
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - T Divya David
- Physical Oceanography Division-OSG, ESSO-National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa 403804, India
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816
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Luo W, Su L, Craig NJ, Du F, Wu C, Shi H. Comparison of microplastic pollution in different water bodies from urban creeks to coastal waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:174-182. [PMID: 30543943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although freshwater and estuary systems are recognized as origins and transport pathways of plastics to the oceans, there is a lack of comparison of microplastics in different water bodies or river networks. In the present study, the spatial distribution of microplastics was compared across different water bodies, including city creeks (Shanghai), rivers (Suzhou River and Huangpu River), an estuary (Yangtze Estuary) and coastal waters (East China Sea) in the Yangtze Delta area. Significant spatial differences of microplastic abundances were revealed across the sampling areas. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics was higher (1.8-2.4 items/L) in freshwater bodies than that in estuarine and coastal water (0.9 items/L). In the Suzhou River and the Huangpu River, microplastics showed trends of increasing abundance downstream, where the peak of microplastic pollution is closer to the city center and the estuary. In respect of abundance, microplastics are likely to be transported from pollution sources to sink areas via river networks. The proportion of fibers was the highest in city creeks (88%), followed by the Suzhou River (85%), the Huangpu River (81%), the Yangtze Estuary (66%) and the East China Sea (37%). Similarly, polyesters dominated in city creeks and rivers. The results suggest that both the abundance and properties of microplastic pollution varies across different water bodies. Microplastic pollution in small freshwater bodies is more serious than in estuarine and coastal waters. Therefore, we support prioritization of water monitoring for microplastics within entire river networks, instead of single water body surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Center for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Department of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Craig
- Center for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Department of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fangni Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chengxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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817
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Arhant M, Le Gall M, Le Gac PY, Davies P. Impact of hydrolytic degradation on mechanical properties of PET - Towards an understanding of microplastics formation. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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818
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Tiwari M, Rathod TD, Ajmal PY, Bhangare RC, Sahu SK. Distribution and characterization of microplastics in beach sand from three different Indian coastal environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:262-273. [PMID: 30803642 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastic particles were evaluated on beaches along the Indian coast from three different locations Girgaon Mumbai (Arabian sea coast), Tuticorin, and Dhanushkodi (Bay of Bengal coast). Density separation method was adopted for isolation of microplastics from sand. Isolated microplastics were characterized using three different analytical techniques e.g. fluorescence microscopy (after staining with Nile Red), FTIR and SEM-EDS techniques. Microplastic concentrations in beach sands were from 45 ± 12 # MP kg-1 to 220 ± 50 # MP kg-1 of dry sand. The order of abundance of plastic type was polyethylene (43%) > polyethylene terephthalate (17.3%) ≈ polystyrene (17%) > polypropylene (12.3%) > Others (11%) > polyvinylchloride (1.33%), and very similar profile was observed for all monitored locations. SEM images show microplastics surfaces with characteristic cracks, suggests their polymer aging, mechanical and oxidative weathering, which was found highest for the microplastics collected from Mumbai.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tiwari
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T D Rathod
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - P Y Ajmal
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - R C Bhangare
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S K Sahu
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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819
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Panno SV, Kelly WR, Scott J, Zheng W, McNeish RE, Holm N, Hoellein TJ, Baranski EL. Microplastic Contamination in Karst Groundwater Systems. GROUND WATER 2019; 57:189-196. [PMID: 30675731 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater in karst aquifers constitutes about 25% of drinking water sources globally. Karst aquifers are open systems, susceptible to contamination by surface-borne pollutants. In this study, springs and wells from two karst aquifers in Illinois, USA, were found to contain microplastics and other anthropogenic contaminants. All microplastics were fibers, with a maximum concentration of 15.2 particles/L. The presence of microplastic was consistent with other parameters, including phosphate, chloride and triclosan, suggesting septic effluent as a source. More studies are needed on microplastic sources, abundance, and impacts on karst ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Scott
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Champaign, IL 61820
| | - Wei Zheng
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Champaign, IL 61820
| | | | - Nancy Holm
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Champaign, IL 61820
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820
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Collateral effects of microplastic pollution on aquatic microorganisms: An ecological perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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821
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S A N. Preliminary study and first evidence of presence of microplastics and colorants in green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), from southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:416-422. [PMID: 30803662 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by microplastics (MPs) is currently a global problem in the coastal and marine environment. Transfer of MPs from land to sea and their inclusion in the food web has a significant adverse effect on the marine life and human health. The present study was carried out at the fishing harbour of Chennai, southeast coast of India. The possible MPs were isolated from the soft tissues of the commercially important bivalve Perna viridis and examined by microscopic and DXR Raman spectroscopic methods. The MPs were identified as to be polystyrene polymers in the soft tissues. This investigation revealed that size and color are the major factors affecting the bioavailability of MPs to bivalves in the study area. The presence of colorants in organisms revealed an anthropogenic origin through the use of a wide array of applications. Hence, coastal zones are a hotspot for pollution by MPs, and filter feeding bivalves are at the highest risk. Therefore, further studies are required to understand the accumulation rates and residence time of MPs across the food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidu S A
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Chennai, 600100, India.
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822
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Yurtsever M, Yurtsever U. Use of a convolutional neural network for the classification of microbeads in urban wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:271-280. [PMID: 30384295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are on the lookout for a practical model that can serve as a standard for sorting out, identifying, and characterizing microplastics which are common occurrences in water sources and wastewaters. The microbeads (MBs) used in cosmetics and discharged into the sewer systems after use cause substantial microplastics pollution in the receiving waters. Today, the use of plastic microbeads in cosmetics is banned. The existing use cases are to be discontinued within a few years. Yet, there are no restrictions regarding the use of microbeads in a number of industries, cleaning products, pharmaceuticals and medical practices. In this context, the determination and classification of MBs which had so far been discharged to water sources and which continue to be discharged, represent crucial problems. In this work, we examined a new approach for the classification of MBs based on microscopic images. For classification purposes, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) -a Deep Learning algorithm- was employed, whereas GoogLeNet architecture served as the model. The network is built from scratch, and trained then after tested on a total of 42928 images containing MBs in 5 distinct cleansers. The study performed with the CNN which achieved a classification performance of 89% for MBs in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yurtsever
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Ulaş Yurtsever
- Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
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823
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Olivatto GP, Martins MCT, Montagner CC, Henry TB, Carreira RS. Microplastic contamination in surface waters in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:157-162. [PMID: 30686414 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are contaminants of environmental concern that represent a threat to marine systems. Here we report data on the abundance and characteristics of MPs collected from surface waters of the urban Guanabara Bay. Samples were collected, by horizontal trawling of a plankton net on two occasions (summer of 2016). The MPs were obtained from samples by sieving and particles were manually sorted with microscope. Characterization of MPs was accomplished by gravimetry and digital image processing (for quantification and morphology categorization), and chemical composition identified by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Total MPs ranged from 1.40 to 21.3 particles/m3, which places Guanabara Bay amongst the most contaminated coastal systems worldwide by microplastics. Polyethylene and polypropylene polymers ≤1 mm were the most abundant particles. Therefore, the occurrence of MPs in Guanabara Bay is relevant to understand ecological hazards of exposition to marine biota and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia P Olivatto
- Chemistry Department Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Theodore B Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Renato S Carreira
- Chemistry Department Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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824
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Acosta-Coley I, Mendez-Cuadro D, Rodriguez-Cavallo E, de la Rosa J, Olivero-Verbel J. Trace elements in microplastics in Cartagena: A hotspot for plastic pollution at the Caribbean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:402-411. [PMID: 30686444 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are new pollutants considered a source of concern for the oceans worldwide. This research reports the concentrations of trace metals on microplastics collected on beaches from Cartagena, an industrialized city in the Caribbean. Mercury (Hg) was quantified using a Hg analyzer and forty-seven trace elements were assessed by ICP/MS. Most abundant microplastics in beaches were those with the lower degree of surface degradation features (SDF), categorized as white-new polyethylene pellets, followed by secondary microplastics (SM). Greater Hg levels were found in SM, white-degraded (WDP) and black pellets. Trace elements concentrations were linked to the degree of SDF registered in examined pellets, with larger concentrations in WDP. Compared to white-new pellets, Ba, Cr, Rb, Sr, Ce, Zr, Ni, Pb were the most accumulated elements in WDP, as their surface enhance the sorption processes. Microplastic pollution represents a toxicological hazard because its ability to accumulate and transport toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Acosta-Coley
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia; Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Dario Mendez-Cuadro
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Erika Rodriguez-Cavallo
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus de la Rosa
- Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CIQSO), University of Huelva, Robert H. Grubbs Building, Campus de el Carmen, s/n. E21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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825
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Significance of interactions between microplastics and POPs in the marine environment: A critical overview. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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826
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Atwood EC, Falcieri FM, Piehl S, Bochow M, Matthies M, Franke J, Carniel S, Sclavo M, Laforsch C, Siegert F. Coastal accumulation of microplastic particles emitted from the Po River, Northern Italy: Comparing remote sensing and hydrodynamic modelling with in situ sample collections. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:561-574. [PMID: 30660307 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic research has mainly concentrated on open seas, while riverine plumes remain largely unexplored despite their hypothesized importance as a microplastic source to coastal waters. This work aimed to model coastal accumulation of microplastic particles (1-5 mm) emitted by the Po River over 1.5 years. We posit that river-induced microplastic accumulation on adjacent coasts can be predicted using (1) hydrodynamic-based and (2) remote sensing-based modelling. Model accumulation maps were validated against sampling at nine beaches, with sediment microplastic concentrations up to 78 particles/kg (dry weight). Hydrodynamic modelling revealed that discharged particle amount is only semi-coupled to beaching rates, which are strongly mouth dependent and occur within the first ten days. Remote sensing modelling was found to better capture river mouth relative strength, and accumulation patterns were found consistent with hydrodynamic modelling. This methodology lays groundwork for developing an operational monitoring system to assess microplastic pollution emitted by a major river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Atwood
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstr. 3, 82065 Baierbrunn, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, GeoBio-Center, Großhadernerstr. 2, 82152 Martinsried, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Francesco M Falcieri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Sarah Piehl
- University Bayreuth, Dept. Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mathias Bochow
- University Bayreuth, Dept. Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Matthies
- University of Osnabrück, Institute of Environmental Systems Research, Barbarastr. 12, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jonas Franke
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstr. 3, 82065 Baierbrunn, Germany
| | - Sandro Carniel
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Mauro Sclavo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Christian Laforsch
- University Bayreuth, Dept. Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Florian Siegert
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstr. 3, 82065 Baierbrunn, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, GeoBio-Center, Großhadernerstr. 2, 82152 Martinsried, Planegg, Germany
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827
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Strungaru SA, Jijie R, Nicoara M, Plavan G, Faggio C. Micro- (nano) plastics in freshwater ecosystems: Abundance, toxicological impact and quantification methodology. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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828
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Laganà P, Caruso G, Corsi I, Bergami E, Venuti V, Majolino D, La Ferla R, Azzaro M, Cappello S. Do plastics serve as a possible vector for the spread of antibiotic resistance? First insights from bacteria associated to a polystyrene piece from King George Island (Antarctica). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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829
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Li R, Zhang L, Xue B, Wang Y. Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the mangrove sediment of the semi-enclosed Maowei Sea of the south China sea: New implications for location, rhizosphere, and sediment compositions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:685-692. [PMID: 30384074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution of intertidal mangrove ecosystems is receiving growing attention, and scientists suspect that the microplastic pollution of semi-enclosed seas is significantly different from that of other coastal types because of their unique geographical features. However, data on the distributions and characteristics of microplastics in the mangrove sediment of semi-enclosed seas are very limited. This study selected the Maowei Sea, a typical semi-enclosed sea, as its representative study site. The analysis revealed that the microplastic abundances in the river estuaries were much lower than those at the oceanic entrance zones, with values ranging from 520 ± 8 to 940 ± 17 items/kg. Polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS), white/transparent, and <1 mm were the dominant type, colour, and size of the microplastics, respectively, in the observed mangrove sediments. Moreover, some other factors, including the rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere and the proportion of organic matter, codetermined the distribution and characteristics of microplastics. Specifically: (1) the percentage of colorful microplastics were higher in the rhizosphere due to the microbial activities and (2) positive linear relationships were found between the pore volume (PV) values of the free particulate organic matter (FPOM), occluded particulate organic matter (OPOM) (1.6-2.0 g/cm3 and >2.0 g/cm3), and the abundance of very small microplastics (<1 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Baoming Xue
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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830
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Andrady AL, Pandey KK, Heikkilä AM. Interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on material damage. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:804-825. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp90065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solar UV radiation adversely affects the properties of organic materials used in construction, such as plastics and wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State Univ
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology
- Bengaluru
- India
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research
- Helsinki
- Finland
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831
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Karthik R, Robin RS, Purvaja R, Ganguly D, Anandavelu I, Raghuraman R, Hariharan G, Ramakrishna A, Ramesh R. Microplastics along the beaches of southeast coast of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1388-1399. [PMID: 30248861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of microplastics (plastic debris <5 mm) along the coast is a growing concern worldwide, due to increased input of discarded wastes from various sources. In order to evaluate the extent of microplastic pollution on the sandy beaches (25 locations) along Tamil Nadu coast (1076 km), India, microplastic debris were quantified and categorized into four different size classes. The beaches were classified according to potential sources of pollution i.e. riverine, tourism and fisheries. Beach samples collected from the high tide line contained significantly higher abundance of microplastic than at the low tide line. Beaches adjacent to rivers exhibited relatively higher microplastic abundance compared to those influenced by tourism and fishing activities. Out of the total detected debris, plastic fragments were the maximum (47-50%), followed by line/fibres (24-27%) and foam (10-19%) materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were the main types of microplastics present in these beaches. Gut content analysis of commercially important fishes, collected from the coastal waters, revealed microplastics ingestion in 10.1% of fishes. The results indicate that microplastics accumulation in the coastal environment, especially close to the river mouths, may be a serious concern, due to its ability to enter into the marine food web and highlights the necessity of microplastics screening from estuarine, coastal waters and other potential sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karthik
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R S Robin
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - D Ganguly
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - I Anandavelu
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R Raghuraman
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - G Hariharan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, India.
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832
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Woods MN, Stack ME, Fields DM, Shaw SD, Matrai PA. Microplastic fiber uptake, ingestion, and egestion rates in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:638-645. [PMID: 30503478 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic fibers (MPF) are a ubiquitous marine contaminant, making up to 90% of global microplastic concentrations. Imaging flow cytometry was used to measure uptake and ingestion rates of MPF by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Mussels were fed a diet of Rhodomonas salina and MPF concentrations up to 30 MPF mL-1, or 0.374% of available seston. Filtration rates were greatly reduced in mussels exposed to MPF. Uptake of MPF followed a Holling's Type II functional response with 95% of the maximum rate (5227 MPF h-1) occurring at 13 MPF mL-1. An average of 39 MPF (SE ± 15, n = 4) was found in feces (maximum of 70 MPF). Most MPF (71%) were quickly rejected as pseudofeces, with approximately 9% ingested and <1% excreted in feces. Mussels may act as microplastic sinks in Gulf of Maine coastal waters, where MPF concentrations are near the order of magnitude as the experimental treatments herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn N Woods
- Shaw Institute, P.O. 1652, 55 Main St, Blue Hill, ME 04614, USA; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA.
| | | | - David M Fields
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Susan D Shaw
- Shaw Institute, P.O. 1652, 55 Main St, Blue Hill, ME 04614, USA
| | - Patricia A Matrai
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA.
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833
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Bimali Koongolla J, Andrady AL, Terney Pradeep Kumara PB, Gangabadage CS. Evidence of microplastics pollution in coastal beaches and waters in southern Sri Lanka. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:277-284. [PMID: 30503436 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of microplastics (MPs) in surface water and beach sediment in Southern Sri Lanka covering a distance of 91 km of coastline is reported. MPs were classified according to polymer type, geometry and color of the sites tested 60% showed MP contamination in sand and 70% in surface waters off the coast. The size range of MPs from surface waters and beaches were to 1.5-2.5 mm and 3-4.5 mm, respectively. Majority of these were identified as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) with some polystyrene (PS) foam at a few sites. Fragments derived from larger debris appears to be the dominant type of MP at most sites and only 2 sites showed virgin pellets that accounted for 14% of the samples collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bimali Koongolla
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Geology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - A L Andrady
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - P B Terney Pradeep Kumara
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Geology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Marine Environment Protection Authority, No. 758, 2nd Floor, Baseline Road, Colombo 09, Sri Lanka
| | - C S Gangabadage
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
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834
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Bråte ILN, Hurley R, Iversen K, Beyer J, Thomas KV, Steindal CC, Green NW, Olsen M, Lusher A. Mytilus spp. as sentinels for monitoring microplastic pollution in Norwegian coastal waters: A qualitative and quantitative study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:383-393. [PMID: 30212794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination is ubiquitous in the environment and many species worldwide have been shown to contain MP. The ecological impact of MP pollution is still unknown, thus there is an urgent need for more knowledge. One key task is to identify species suitable as sentinels for monitoring in key eco-compartments, such as coastal waters. In Norway, mussels (Mytilus spp.) have been monitored for hazardous contaminants through OSPAR since 1981. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe and adding MP to the Norwegian Mussel Watch is therefore important in a European and global context. The present study reports MP data in mussels (332 specimens) collected from multiple sites (n = 15) spanning the whole Norwegian coastline. MPs were detected at all locations, except at one site on the west coast. Among the most surprising findings, mussels from the Barents Sea coastline in the Finnmark region, contained significantly more MPs than mussels from most of the southern part of the country, despite the latter sites being located much closer to major urban areas. Only mussels from a site located very close to Oslo, the capital, contained levels similar to those observed in the remote site in Finnmark. In total an average of 1.5 (±2.3) particles ind-1 and 0.97 (±2.61) particles w.w. g-1 was found. The most common MPs were <1 mm in size, and fibres accounted for 83% of particles identified, although there was inter-site variability. Thirteen different polymeric groups were identified; cellulosic being the most common and black rubbery particles being the second. This study suggests Mytilus spp. are suitable for semi-quantitative and qualitatively monitoring of MPs in coastal waters. However, some uncertainties remain including mussel size as a confounding factor that may influence ingestion, the role of depuration and other fate related processes, and this call for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Lise N Bråte
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rachel Hurley
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Karine Iversen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Norman W Green
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Olsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Amy Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
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835
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Bonanno G, Orlando-Bonaca M. Perspectives on using marine species as bioindicators of plastic pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:209-221. [PMID: 30503427 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing level of marine pollution due to plastic debris is a globally recognized threat that needs effective actions of control and mitigation. Using marine organisms as bioindicators of plastic pollution can provide crucial information that would better integrate the spatial and temporal presence of plastic debris in the sea. Given their long and frequent migrations, numerous marine species that ingest plastics can provide information on the presence of plastic debris but only on large spatial and temporal scales, thus making it difficult to identify quantitative correlations of ingested plastics within well-defined spatio-temporal patterns. Given the complex dynamics of plastics in the sea, the biomonitoring of marine plastic debris should rely on the combination of several bioindicator species with different characteristics that complement each other. Other critical aspects include the standardization of sampling protocols, analytical detection methods and metrics to evaluate the effects of ingested plastics in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bonanno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Antonino Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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836
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Cabernard L, Roscher L, Lorenz C, Gerdts G, Primpke S. Comparison of Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quantification of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13279-13288. [PMID: 30350953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs, <5 mm) have been reported as emerging environmental contaminants, but reliable data are still lacking. We compared the two most promising techniques for MP analysis, namely, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, by analyzing MPs extracted from North Sea surface waters. Microplastics >500 μm were visually sorted and manually analyzed by μ-Raman and attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy. Microplastics ≤500 μm were concentrated on gold-coated filters and analyzed by automated single-particle exploration coupled to μ-Raman (ASPEx-μ-Raman) and FTIR imaging (reflection mode). The number of identified MPs >500 μm was slightly higher for μ-Raman (+23%) than ATR-FTIR analysis. Concerning MPs ≤500 μm, ASPEx-μ-Raman quantified two-times higher MP numbers but required a four-times higher analysis time compared to FTIR imaging. Because ASPEx-μ-Raman revealed far higher MP concentrations (38-2621 particles m-3) compared to the results of previous water studies (0-559 particles m-3), the environmental concentration of MPs ≤500 μm may have been underestimated until now. This may be attributed to the exceptional increase in concentration with decreasing MP size found in this work. Our results demonstrate the need for further research to enable time-efficient routine application of ASPEx-μ-Raman for reliable MP counting down to 1 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Cabernard
- Department of Microbial Ecology , Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland , Kurpromenade 201 , 27498 Helgoland , Germany
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering , Institute of Environmental Engineering and Institute of Science, Technology and Policy, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich , Universitätsstrasse 41 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lisa Roscher
- Department of Microbial Ecology , Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland , Kurpromenade 201 , 27498 Helgoland , Germany
| | - Claudia Lorenz
- Department of Microbial Ecology , Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland , Kurpromenade 201 , 27498 Helgoland , Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Department of Microbial Ecology , Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland , Kurpromenade 201 , 27498 Helgoland , Germany
| | - Sebastian Primpke
- Department of Microbial Ecology , Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland , Kurpromenade 201 , 27498 Helgoland , Germany
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837
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Lin W, Li X, Yang M, Lee K, Chen B, Zhang BH. Brominated Flame Retardants, Microplastics, and Biocides in the Marine Environment: Recent Updates of Occurrence, Analysis, and Impacts. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 81:167-211. [PMID: 30471656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) may pose adverse effects on the marine ecosystem and human health. Based on the analysis of publications filed in recent years, this paper provides a comprehensive overview on three prominent groups of ECs, i.e., brominated flame retardants, microplastics, and biocides. It includes detailed discussions on: (1) the occurrence of ECs in seawater, sediment, and biota; (2) analytical detection and monitoring approaches for these target ECs; and (3) the biological impacts of the ECs on humans and other trophic levels. This review provides a summary of recent advances in the field and remaining knowledge gaps to address, to enable the assessment of risk and support the development of regulations and mitigation technologies for the control of ECs in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Lin
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xixi Li
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Min Yang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Ecosystem Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Baiyu Helen Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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838
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Song YK, Hong SH, Eo S, Jang M, Han GM, Isobe A, Shim WJ. Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Microplastics in Korean Coastal Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12188-12197. [PMID: 30295469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This is the first survey to investigate the vertical distribution and composition of microplastics >20 μm at the surface (0-0.2 m; bulk sample) and in the water column (3-58 m depth; pump) of six semi-enclosed bays and two nearshore areas of South Korea. The average microplastic abundance of 41 stations at all sampling depths was 871 particles/m3, and the microplastic abundance near urban areas (1051 particles/m3) was significantly higher than that near rural areas (560 particles/m3). Although the average microplastic abundances in the midcolumn (423 particles/m3) and bottom water (394 particles/m3) were approximately 4 times lower than that of surface water (1736 particles/m3), microplastics prevailed throughout the water column in concentrations of 10-2000 particles/m3. The average sizes of fragment and fiber type microplastics were 197 and 752 μm, respectively. Although the polymer composition differed by depth depending on the particle size and density, polypropylene and polyethylene predominated throughout the water column regardless of their low density and particle size. Finally, the middle and bottom water samples contained higher abundances of microplastics than predicted by a model based on physical mixing, indicating that biological interactions also influence the downward movement of low-density microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyoung Song
- Oil and POPs Research Group , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Geoje-shi 53201 , South Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Sang Hee Hong
- Oil and POPs Research Group , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Geoje-shi 53201 , South Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Soeun Eo
- Oil and POPs Research Group , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Geoje-shi 53201 , South Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Oil and POPs Research Group , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Geoje-shi 53201 , South Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
| | - Gi Myung Han
- Oil and POPs Research Group , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Geoje-shi 53201 , South Korea
| | - Atsuhiko Isobe
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen , Kasuga 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Geoje-shi 53201 , South Korea
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , South Korea
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839
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Morgana S, Ghigliotti L, Estévez-Calvar N, Stifanese R, Wieckzorek A, Doyle T, Christiansen JS, Faimali M, Garaventa F. Microplastics in the Arctic: A case study with sub-surface water and fish samples off Northeast Greenland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1078-1086. [PMID: 30096546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is a unique and fragile ecosystem that needs to be preserved and protected. Despite its remoteness, plastic pollution has been documented in this region. In the coming years, it is likely to worsen since, with climate changes and the opening of new shipping routes, the human presence is going to increase in the whole area. Here, we investigated the presence of microplastics (MPs) in sub-surface water and in two mid-trophic level Arctic fishes collected off Northeast Greenland: the demersal bigeye sculpin, Triglops nybelini, and the pelagic polar cod, Boreogadus saida. Plastics debris were found in the water samples at a concentration of 2.4 items/m3 ±0.8 SD which is higher than in most seas at lower latitudes. Both fish species had eaten MPs with different proportion among the species, 34% for T. nybelini (n = 71) and 18% for B. saida (n = 85). The significant difference in the occurrence of MPs between the two species is likely a consequence of their feeding behavior and habitat. Polyethylene was the main plastic polymer for water samples (41%, n = 17) and polyester (34%, n = 156) for fish samples as analyzed by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Our data underscore that the Arctic regions are turning into a hotspot for plastic pollution, and this calls urgently for precautionary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Morgana
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Laura Ghigliotti
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Noelia Estévez-Calvar
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Stifanese
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Alina Wieckzorek
- Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tom Doyle
- Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jørgen S Christiansen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NO-9037, Norway
| | - Marco Faimali
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
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840
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Perez-Venegas DJ, Seguel M, Pavés H, Pulgar J, Urbina M, Ahrendt C, Galbán-Malagón C. First detection of plastic microfibers in a wild population of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) in the Chilean Northern Patagonia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:50-54. [PMID: 30509835 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic increase of microplastics (plastic fragments <5 mm) in marine environments is a problem that has attracted public attention globally. Within the different types of microplastics, microfibres are the least studied (size <1 mm). We examined 51 female scats from a population in Northern Patagonia. Our results showed no presence of microplastic particles, however 67% of them showed a remarkable abundance of microfibers, which until now had only been reported in animals fed in captivity. As a result of this work we propose that the examination of scats from South American Fur Seal and also other pinnipeds could be an efficient tool to monitor environmental levels of microfibres and maybe microplastics in the environment due to the easy recognition of the animals and their scats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Perez-Venegas
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Dpto. Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Seguel
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - H Pavés
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Osorno, Chile
| | - J Pulgar
- Dpto. Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Ahrendt
- Dpto. Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Plastic Oceans Foundation, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - C Galbán-Malagón
- Dpto. Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Fundación MERI, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile; Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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841
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Biver T, Bianchi S, Carosi MR, Ceccarini A, Corti A, Manco E, Castelvetro V. Selective determination of poly(styrene) and polyolefin microplastics in sandy beach sediments by gel permeation chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:269-275. [PMID: 30509807 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics generated by plastics waste degradation are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater basins, posing serious environmental concerns. Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, along with techniques such as pyrolysis-GC/MS, are typically used for their identification. We present a procedure based on gel permeation chromatography (GPC) coupled with fluorescence detection for semi-quantitative selective determination of the most common microplastics found in marine shoreline sediments: poly(styrene) (PS) and partially degraded polyolefins (LDPEox). By operating the detector at either 260/280 or 370/420 nm excitation/emission wavelengths PS can be distinguished from LDPEox upon GPC separation. Semi-quantitative determination of microplastics contents is also possible: dichloromethane extracts of PS and LDPEox yield linear plots of fluorescence peak area vs concentration (0-5.0 mg/mL range) and were used as reference materials for quantification of the microplastics content in sand samples collected in the winter berm and dune sectors of a Tuscany beach in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Carosi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Ceccarini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Corti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Manco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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842
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Markic A, Niemand C, Bridson JH, Mazouni-Gaertner N, Gaertner JC, Eriksen M, Bowen M. Double trouble in the South Pacific subtropical gyre: Increased plastic ingestion by fish in the oceanic accumulation zone. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:547-564. [PMID: 30509840 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish are an important food source for South Pacific (SP) island countries, yet there is little information on contamination of commercial marine fish species by plastic. The aim of our study was to perform a broad-scale assessment of plastic ingestion by fish common in the diet of SP inhabitants. We examined 932 specimens from 34 commercial fish species across four SP locations, and some of the prey they ingested, for the presence of marine plastics. Plastic was found in 33 species, with an average ingestion rate (IR) of 24.3 ± 1.4% and plastic load of 2.4 ± 0.2 particles per fish. Rapa Nui fish exhibited the greatest IR (50.0%), significantly greater than in other three locations. Rapa Nui is located within the SP subtropical gyre, where the concentration of marine plastics is high and food is limited. Plastic was also found in prey, which confirms the trophic transfer of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Markic
- University of Auckland, Institute of Marine Science, Leigh 0985, New Zealand.
| | - Clarisse Niemand
- University of Waikato, School of Science, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
| | - James H Bridson
- Scion, Manufacturing and Bioproducts, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Nabila Mazouni-Gaertner
- Université de la Polynésie Française, UMR-241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, BP 6570, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Jean-Claude Gaertner
- Institut de Recherche pour le Development, UMR-241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, BP 529 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | | | - Melissa Bowen
- University of Auckland, School of Environment, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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843
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Jung MR, Balazs GH, Work TM, Jones TT, Orski SV, Rodriguez C V, Beers KL, Brignac KC, Hyrenbach KD, Jensen BA, Lynch JM. Polymer Identification of Plastic Debris Ingested by Pelagic-Phase Sea Turtles in the Central Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11535-11544. [PMID: 30207718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic Pacific sea turtles eat relatively large quantities of plastic (median 5 g in gut). Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we identified the polymers ingested by 37 olive ridley, 9 green, and 4 loggerhead turtles caught as bycatch in Hawaii- and American Samoa-based longline fisheries. Unidentifiable samples were analyzed using high-temperature size exclusion chromatography with multiple detectors and/or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Regardless of species differences in dive depths and foraging strategies, ingested plastics were primarily low-density, floating polymers (51% low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 26% polypropylene (PP), 10% unknown polyethylene (PE), and 5% high-density PE collectively). Albeit not statistically significant, deeper diving and deeper captured olive ridley turtles ate proportionally more plastics expected to sink (3.9%) than intermediate-diving green (1.2%) and shallow-diving loggerhead (0.3%) turtles. Spatial, but no sex, size, year, or hook depth differences were observed in polymer composition. LDPE and PP, some of the most produced and least recycled polymers worldwide, account for the largest percentage of plastic eaten by sea turtles in this region. These novel data inform managers about the threat of plastic ingestion to sea turtles and may motivate development of more environmentally friendly practices for plastic production, use, and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Jung
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Hawai'i Pacific University , Kaneohe , Hawai'i 96744 , United States
| | - George H Balazs
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center , National Marine Fisheries Service , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96818 , United States
| | - Thierry M Work
- National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station , U.S. Geological Survey , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96818 , United States
| | - T Todd Jones
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center , National Marine Fisheries Service , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96818 , United States
| | - Sara V Orski
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Viviana Rodriguez C
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Kathryn L Beers
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Kayla C Brignac
- School of Ocean, Earth Science, and Technology , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96822 , United States
| | - K David Hyrenbach
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Hawai'i Pacific University , Kaneohe , Hawai'i 96744 , United States
| | - Brenda A Jensen
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Hawai'i Pacific University , Kaneohe , Hawai'i 96744 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Hawai'i Pacific University , Kaneohe , Hawai'i 96744 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , 41-202 Kalanianaole Highway , Waimanalo , Hawai'i 96795 , United States
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844
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Li L, Li M, Deng H, Cai L, Cai H, Yan B, Hu J, Shi H. A straightforward method for measuring the range of apparent density of microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:367-373. [PMID: 29791889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Density of microplastics has been regarded as the primary property that affect the distribution and bioavailability of microplastics in the water column. For measuring the density of microplastis, we developed a simple and rapid method based on density gradient solutions. In this study, we tested four solvents to make the density gradient solutions, i.e., ethanol (0.8 g/cm3), ultrapure water (1.0 g/cm3), saturated NaI (1.8 g/cm3) and ZnCl2 (1.8 g/cm3). Density of microplastics was measured via observing the float or sink status in the density gradient solutions. We found that density gradient solutions made from ZnCl2 had a larger uncertainty in measuring density than that from NaI, most likely due to a higher surface tension of ZnCl2 solution. Solutions made from ethanol, ultrapure water, and NaI showed consistent density results with listed densities of commercial products, indicating that these density gradient solutions were suitable for measuring microplastics with a density range of 0.8-1.8 g/cm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Li Cai
- Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huiwen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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845
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Vianello A, Da Ros L, Boldrin A, Marceta T, Moschino V. First evaluation of floating microplastics in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28546-28561. [PMID: 30091074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in the marine environment is becoming a problem of global concern, and the Mediterranean is believed to be one of the worst affected regional seas. The present study presents data on floating microplastics in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea in order to evaluate the possible contribution of two significant potential sources: the lagoon of Venice and the Po River. Samples were collected in March and April 2014 along two transects located off Pellestrina Island (Venice) and the Po Delta, each consisting of four sampling stations at 0.5, 3, 10, and 20 km from the shoreline. Microplastics were quantified and classified according to their colors and shapes and analyzed by micro-attenuated total reflection-FT-IR. Microplastics were found in all samples, albeit with high spatial and temporal variability. The highest concentrations were observed in March at the offshore station of the Pellestrina transect (10.4 particles m-2) and the two landward stations off the Po Delta (2.1 and 4.3 particles m-2), highlighting the influence of various factors, such as surface circulation and river discharges, in determining specific accumulation patterns. The most common polymers were polyethylene and polypropylene, and most of the particles were secondary microplastics (83.5%). The patchy distribution of microplastics observed in the study area is driven by hydrodynamic and meteorological factors acting on short time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvise Vianello
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA), CNR, Venezia, Italy
- Civil Engineering Department, Section of Water and Environment, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Luisa Da Ros
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA), CNR, Venezia, Italy
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), CNR, Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Tihana Marceta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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846
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Araujo CF, Nolasco MM, Ribeiro AMP, Ribeiro-Claro PJA. Identification of microplastics using Raman spectroscopy: Latest developments and future prospects. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:426-440. [PMID: 29909221 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Widespread microplastic pollution is raising growing concerns as to its detrimental effects upon living organisms. A realistic risk assessment must stand on representative data on the abundance, size distribution and chemical composition of microplastics. Raman microscopy is an indispensable tool for the analysis of very small microplastics (<20 μm). Still, its use is far from widespread, in part due to drawbacks such as long measurement time and proneness to spectral distortion induced by fluorescence. This review discusses each drawback followed by a showcase of interesting and easily available solutions that contribute to faster and better identification of microplastics using Raman spectroscopy. Among discussed topics are: enhanced signal quality with better detectors and spectrum processing; automated particle selection for faster Raman mapping; comprehensive reference libraries for successful spectral matching. A last section introduces non-conventional Raman techniques (non-linear Raman, hyperspectral imaging, standoff Raman) which permit more advanced applications such as real-time Raman detection and imaging of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina F Araujo
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mariela M Nolasco
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonio M P Ribeiro
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J A Ribeiro-Claro
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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847
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Karlsson TM, Hassellöv M, Jakubowicz I. Influence of thermooxidative degradation on the in situ fate of polyethylene in temperate coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:187-194. [PMID: 30301030 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene is a commonly used polymer in plastic products and is often found as marine litter. Nevertheless there is limited knowledge about what happens to the material when it ends up in the sea. Polyethylene films were therefore thermally oxidised to four different levels of degradation. The films were then placed in stainless-steel cages in the sea off the Swedish west coast for 12 summer weeks. Subsamples were analysed with respect to biofouling, degradation and buoyancy. All levels showed a continued oxidation in the field. The pre-degraded films started fragmenting and the non-degraded films showed a decrease in tensile strain. All levels showed increased biofouling with higher presence of filamentous algae and bryozoans on pre-degraded materials. The density (kg·m-3) of the films was seen to increase slightly, and the apparent density for the pre-degraded films (density of the films with biofilm) showed a strong increase, which resulted in sinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese M Karlsson
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences Sven Lovén Research Centre, Kristineberg 566, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden.
| | - Martin Hassellöv
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences Sven Lovén Research Centre, Kristineberg 566, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Ignacy Jakubowicz
- Rise Research Institutes of Sweden, Dept. of Energy and circular economy, Gibraltargatan 35, 412 79 Göteborg, Sweden
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848
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Shahul Hamid F, Bhatti MS, Anuar N, Anuar N, Mohan P, Periathamby A. Worldwide distribution and abundance of microplastic: How dire is the situation? WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2018; 36:873-897. [PMID: 30103651 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x18785730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of microplastic has invaded the environment to an extent that it appears to be present throughout the globe. This review investigated the global abundance and distribution of microplastics in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Furthermore, the issues and challenges have been addressed for better findings in microplastics studies. Findings revealed that the accumulation of microplastics varies geographically, with locations, hydrodynamic conditions, environmental pressure, and time. From this review, it is crucial that proper regulations are proposed and implemented in order to reduce the occurrence of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Without appropriate law and regulations, microplastic pollution will eventually threaten human livelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Shahul Hamid
- 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 2 Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mehran Sanam Bhatti
- 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norkhairiyah Anuar
- 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norkhairah Anuar
- 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Priya Mohan
- 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Agamuthu Periathamby
- 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 2 Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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849
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Freitas R, Coppola F, De Marchi L, Codella V, Pretti C, Chiellini F, Morelli A, Polese G, Soares AMVM, Figueira E. The influence of Arsenic on the toxicity of carbon nanoparticles in bivalves. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 358:484-493. [PMID: 29908840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although an increasing number of studies have been published on the effects of emergent pollutants such as carbon nanoparticles, there is still scarce information on the impact of these contaminants on marine organisms when acting in combination with classical pollutants such as meta(loid)s. The present study evaluated the impacts of Arsenic and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum, assessing the effects induced when both contaminants were acting individually (As, NP) and as a mixture (As + NP). Metabolic capacity (electron transport system activity), oxidative stress (antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes activity and cellular damage) and neurotoxicity (Acetylcholinesterase activity) biomarkers were evaluated in clams after a 28 days exposure period. The results obtained showed that the accumulation of As was not affected by the presence of the NPs. Our results demonstrated that higher injuries were noticed in clams exposed to NPs, with higher metabolic depression and oxidative stress, regardless of the presence of As. Furthermore, higher neurotoxicity was observed in clams exposed to the combination of both contaminants in comparison to the effects of As and NPs individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valeria Codella
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Udr INSTM Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Andrea Morelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Udr INSTM Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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850
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Plastic contamination of the food chain: A threat to human health? Maturitas 2018; 115:64-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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