801
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Das AM, Pescatori M, Vermeulen CE, Rens JAP, Seynhaeve ALB, Koning GA, Eggermont AMM, Ten Hagen TLM. Melanomas prevent endothelial cell death under restrictive culture conditions by signaling through AKT and p38 MAPK/ ERK-1/2 cascades. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1219826. [PMID: 27853641 PMCID: PMC5087299 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1219826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma progression and staging is clinically well characterized, a large variation is observed in pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic responses. Clearly, intrinsic characteristics of melanoma cells contribute to this variety. An important factor, in both progression of the disease and response to therapy, is the tumor-associated vasculature. We postulate that melanoma cells communicate with endothelial cells (ECs) in order to establish a functional and supportive blood supply. We investigated the angiogenic potential of human melanoma cell lines by monitoring the survival of ECs upon exposure to melanoma conditioned medium (CM), under restrictive conditions. We observed long-term (up to 72 h) EC survival under hypoxic conditions upon treatment with all melanoma CMs. No such survival effect was observed with the CM of melanocytes. The CM of pancreatic and breast tumor cell lines did not show a long-term survival effect, suggesting that the survival factor is specific to melanoma cells. Furthermore, all size fractions (up to < 1 kDa) of the melanoma CM induced long-term survival of ECs. The survival effect observed by the < 1 kDa fraction excludes known pro-angiogenic factors. Heat inactivation and enzymatic digestion of the CM did not inactivate the survival factor. Global gene expression and pathway analysis suggest that this effect is mediated in part via the AKT and p38 MAPK/ ERK-1/2 signaling axis. Taken together, these data indicate the production of (a) survival factor/s (< 1 kDa) by melanoma cell lines, which enables long-term survival of ECs and promotes melanoma-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha M Das
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pescatori
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy E Vermeulen
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost A P Rens
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ann L B Seynhaeve
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben A Koning
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander M M Eggermont
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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802
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Design and synthesis of novel protein kinase R (PKR) inhibitors. Mol Divers 2016; 20:805-819. [PMID: 27480630 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) plays an important role in a broad range of intracellular regulatory mechanisms and in the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including microbial and viral infections, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, several potent PKR inhibitors have been synthesized. However, the enzyme's multifunctional character and a multitude of PKR downstream targets have prevented the successful transformation of such inhibitors into effective drugs. Thus, the need for additional PKR inhibitors remains. With the help of computer-aided drug-discovery tools, we designed and synthesized potential PKR inhibitors. Indeed, two compounds were found to inhibit recombinant PKR in pharmacologically relevant concentrations. One compound, 6-amino-3-methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxamide, also showed anti-apoptotic properties. The novel molecules diversify the existing pool of PKR inhibitors and provide a basis for the future development of compounds based on PKR signal transduction mechanism.
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803
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Age-dependent differential expression of death-associated protein 6 (Daxx) in various peripheral tissues and different brain regions of C57BL/6 male mice. Biogerontology 2016; 17:817-828. [PMID: 27465500 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein 6 (DAXX) is a ubiquitous protein implicated in various cellular processes such as apoptosis, tumorigenesis, development and transcription. The role of DAXX is however ambiguous and many contradictory results regarding its function in apoptosis upon various cellular stresses are described in the literature. In order to have a better understanding of the role of DAXX throughout the entire organism under physiological stress conditions, we have characterized the mRNA levels, protein expression and the proteolytic processing of DAXX in the normal aging process in peripheral organs and brain regions in C57BL/6 male mice. Overall, Daxx mRNA expression decreases with aging in the liver, kidney, heart, cortex and cerebellum. In contrast, an increase is observed in the striatum. The protein expression of DAXX and of its proteolytic fragments increases with aging in the kidney, heart and cortex. In liver and spleen, no changes are observed while in the striatum and cerebellum, certain forms increase and others decrease with age, suggesting that the functions of DAXX may be cell type dependent. This study provides important details regarding the expression and post-translational modifications of DAXX in aging in the entire organism and provides reference data for the deregulation observed in age-associated diseases.
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804
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Huang J, Zhang F, Jiang L, Hu G, Sun W, Zhang C, Ding X. Inhibition of SKP2 Sensitizes Bromocriptine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Prolactinoma Cells. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:358-373. [PMID: 27488872 PMCID: PMC5398389 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolactinoma (prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma) is one of the most common estrogen-related functional pituitary tumors. As an agonist of the dopamine D2 receptor, bromocriptine is used widely to inhibit prolactinoma progression. On the other hand, it is not always effective in clinical application. Although a dopamine D2 receptor deficiency contributes to the impaired efficiency of bromocriptine therapy to some extent, it is unknown whether there some other underlying mechanisms leading to bromocriptine resistance in prolactinoma treatment. That is the main point addressed in this project. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human prolactinoma samples were used to analyze the S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (SKP2) expression level. Nutlin-3/adriamycin/cisplatin-treated GH3 and MMQ cells were used to analyze apoptosis in SKP2 overexpression or knockdown cells. SKP2 expression and the interaction partners of SKP2 were also detected after a bromocriptine treatment in 293T. Apoptosis was analyzed in C25 and bromocriptine-treated GH3 cells. RESULTS Compared to normal pituitary samples, most prolactinoma samples exhibit higher levels of SKP2 expression, which could inhibit apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. In addition, the bromocriptine treatment prolonged the half-life of SKP2 and resulted in SKP2 overexpression to a greater extent, which in turn compromised its pro-apoptotic effect. As a result, the bromocriptine treatment combined with C25 (a SKP2 inhibitor) led to the maximal apoptosis of human prolactinoma cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that SKP2 inhibition sensitized the prolactinoma cells to bromocriptine and helped promote apoptosis. Moreover, a combined treatment of bromocriptine and C25 may contribute to the maximal apoptosis of human prolactinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 411th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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805
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Saera-Vila A, Kish PE, Louie KW, Grzegorski SJ, Klionsky DJ, Kahana A. Autophagy regulates cytoplasmic remodeling during cell reprogramming in a zebrafish model of muscle regeneration. Autophagy 2016; 12:1864-1875. [PMID: 27467399 PMCID: PMC5066936 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1207015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell identity involves both selective gene activity and specialization of cytoplasmic architecture and protein machinery. Similarly, reprogramming differentiated cells requires both genetic program alterations and remodeling of the cellular architecture. While changes in genetic and epigenetic programs have been well documented in dedifferentiating cells, the pathways responsible for remodeling the cellular architecture and eliminating specialized protein complexes are not as well understood. Here, we utilize a zebrafish model of adult muscle regeneration to study cytoplasmic remodeling during cell dedifferentiation. We describe activation of autophagy early in the regenerative response to muscle injury, while blocking autophagy using chloroquine or Atg5 and Becn1 knockdown reduced the rate of regeneration with accumulation of sarcomeric and nuclear debris. We further identify Casp3/caspase 3 as a candidate mediator of cellular reprogramming and Fgf signaling as an important activator of autophagy in dedifferentiating myocytes. We conclude that autophagy plays a critical role in cell reprogramming by regulating cytoplasmic remodeling, facilitating the transition to a less differentiated cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Saera-Vila
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Phillip E Kish
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Ke'ale W Louie
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Steven J Grzegorski
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- b Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Alon Kahana
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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806
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Jurcic Smith KL, Lee S. Inhibition of apoptosis by Rv2456c through Nuclear factor-κB extends the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mycobacteriol 2016; 5:426-436. [PMID: 27931684 PMCID: PMC5975360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is an intracellular pathogen with several survival mechanisms aimed at subverting the host immune system. Apoptosis has been shown to be mycobactericidal, to activate CD8+ T cells, and to be modulated by mycobacterial proteins. Since few mycobacterial proteins have so far been directly implicated in the interactions between M. tuberculosis and host cell apoptosis, we screened M. tuberculosis H37Rv transposon mutants to identify mutants that fail to inhibit cell death (FID). One of these FID mutants, FID19, had a transposon insertion in Rv2456c and is important for survival in host cells. The lack of the protein resulted in enhanced caspase-3 mediated apoptosis, which is probably due to an inability to activate nuclear factor-κB. Additionally, FID19 infection enhanced polyfunctional CD8+ T cells and induced a higher frequency of interferon-γ secreting immune cells in a murine model. Taken together, our data suggest that Rv2456c is important for the survival of H37Rv by subduing the innate and ultimately adaptive immune responses of its host by preventing apoptosis of the infected cell. Better understanding of the host-mycobacterial interactions may be beneficial to develop novel drug targets and engineer more efficacious vaccine strains against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Jurcic Smith
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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807
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Age-Related Changes in D-Aspartate Oxidase Promoter Methylation Control Extracellular D-Aspartate Levels and Prevent Precocious Cell Death during Brain Aging. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3064-78. [PMID: 26961959 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3881-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous NMDA receptor (NMDAR) agonist D-aspartate occurs transiently in the mammalian brain because it is abundant during embryonic and perinatal phases before drastically decreasing during adulthood. It is well established that postnatal reduction of cerebral D-aspartate levels is due to the concomitant onset of D-aspartate oxidase (DDO) activity, a flavoenzyme that selectively degrades bicarboxylic D-amino acids. In the present work, we show that d-aspartate content in the mouse brain drastically decreases after birth, whereas Ddo mRNA levels concomitantly increase. Interestingly, postnatal Ddo gene expression is paralleled by progressive demethylation within its putative promoter region. Consistent with an epigenetic control on Ddo expression, treatment with the DNA-demethylating agent, azacitidine, causes increased mRNA levels in embryonic cortical neurons. To indirectly evaluate the effect of a putative persistent Ddo gene hypermethylation in the brain, we used Ddo knock-out mice (Ddo(-/-)), which show constitutively suppressed Ddo expression. In these mice, we found for the first time substantially increased extracellular content of d-aspartate in the brain. In line with detrimental effects produced by NMDAR overstimulation, persistent elevation of D-aspartate levels in Ddo(-/-) brains is associated with appearance of dystrophic microglia, precocious caspase-3 activation, and cell death in cortical pyramidal neurons and dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. This evidence, along with the early accumulation of lipufuscin granules in Ddo(-/-) brains, highlights an unexpected importance of Ddo demethylation in preventing neurodegenerative processes produced by nonphysiological extracellular levels of free D-aspartate.
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808
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Caspase-8 expression and its Src-dependent phosphorylation on Tyr380 promote cancer cell neoplastic transformation and resistance to anoikis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:114-122. [PMID: 27432652 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 expression is lost in a small percentage of tumors suggesting that the retention of its functionality may positively contribute to tumor progression. Consistently, several non-apoptotic functions of Caspase-8 have been identified and Caspase-8 has been shown to modulate cell adhesion, migration and to promote tumor progression. We have previously identified the Src-dependent phosphorylation of Caspase-8 on Tyr380 as a molecular mechanism to downregulate the proapoptotic function of Caspase-8; this phosphorylation occurs in colon cancer and may promote cell migration in neuroblastoma cell lines. However, the occurrence of Caspase-8 phosphorylation on Tyr380 and its significance in different carcinoma cellular models, have not been clarified yet. Here we show that Caspase-8 expression may promote cell transformation in glioblastoma and in hepatocarcinoma cell lines. In these systems Caspase-8 is phosphorylated on Tyr380 in a Src kinase dependent manner and this phosphorylation is required for transformation and it is enhanced by hypoxic conditions. Using a cancer cellular model characterized by Src constitutive activation engineered to express either Caspase-8-wt or Caspase-8-Y380F we could show that Caspase-8 expression and its phosphorylation on Tyr380, but not its enzymatic activity, promote in vitro cell transformation and resistance to anoikis. This work demonstrates a dual role for Caspase-8 in cancer, suggesting that Tyr380 phosphorylation may represent a molecular switch to hijack its activity from tumor suppressor to tumor promoter.
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809
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Sadhukhan P, Saha S, Sinha K, Brahmachari G, Sil PC. Selective Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Novel 3,3'-(Aryl/Alkyl-Methylene)Bis(2-Hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-Dione) Derivatives on Human Cancer Cells via the Induction Reactive Oxygen Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158694. [PMID: 27380262 PMCID: PMC4933382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells barring the normal cells is considered as an effective strategy to combat cancer. In the present study, a series of twenty-two (22) synthetic 3,3'-(aryl/alkyl-methylene)bis(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) bis-lawsone derivatives were assayed for their pro-apoptotic activity in six different cell lines (five cancerous and one normal) using MTT assay. Out of these 22 test compounds, 1j was found to be the most effective in inducing apoptosis in human glioma cells (CCF-4) among the different cell lines used in the study. The activity of this compound, 1j, was then compared to a popular anticancer drug, cisplatin, having limited usage because of its nephrotoxic nature. In this study, 1j derivative showed much less toxicity to the normal kidney cells compared to cisplatin, thus indicating the superiority of 1j as a possible anticancer agent. This compound was observed to induce apoptosis in the glioma cells by inducing the caspase dependent apoptotic pathways via ROS and downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Estimation of different oxidative stress markers also confirms the induction of oxidative stress in 1j exposed cancer cells. The toxicity of 1j compound toward cancer cells was confirmed further by different flow cytometrical analyses to estimate the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle. The sensitivity of malignant cells to apoptosis, provoked by this synthetic derivative in vitro, deserves further studies in suitable in vivo models. These studies not only identified a novel anticancer drug candidate but also help to understand the metabolism of ROS and its application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sadhukhan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sukanya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Parames C. Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
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810
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Anwar S, Fratantonio D, Ferrari D, Saija A, Cimino F, Speciale A. Berry anthocyanins reduce proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma cells by inducing caspase-3 activation and p21 upregulation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1397-403. [PMID: 27314273 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer worldwide, and adenocarcinoma cells that form the majority of colorectal tumors are markedly resistant to antineoplastic agents. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consumption of fruits and vegetables that are rich in polyphenols, is linked to reduced risk of colorectal cancer. In the present study, the effect of a standardized anthocyanin (ACN)‑rich extract on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle in the Caco-2 human colorectal cancer cell line was evaluated by trypan blue and clonogenic assays and western blot analysis of cleaved caspase‑3 and p21Waf/Cif1. The results of the current study demonstrated that the ACN extract markedly decreased Caco‑2 cell proliferation, induced apoptosis by activating caspase‑3 cleavage, and upregulated cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21Waf/Cif1) expression in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, ACN extract was able to produce a dose‑dependent increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caco‑2 cells, together with a light increase of the cell total antioxidant status. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a standardized berry anthocyanin rich extract inhibited proliferation of Caco‑2 cells by promoting ROS accumulation, inducing caspase‑3 activation, and upregulating the expression of p21Waf/Cif1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, I‑98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, I‑98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, I‑98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, I‑98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, I‑98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, I‑98168 Messina, Italy
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811
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The first EGF domain of coagulation factor IX attenuates cell adhesion and induces apoptosis. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160098. [PMID: 27129300 PMCID: PMC5293593 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor IX (FIX) is an essential plasma protein for blood coagulation. The first epidermal growth factor (EGF) motif of FIX (EGF-F9) has been reported to attenuate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of this motif on cell adhesion and apoptosis. Treatment with a recombinant EGF-F9 attenuated cell adhesion to the ECM within 10 min. De-adhesion assays with native FIX recombinant FIX deletion mutant proteins suggested that the de-adhesion activity of EGF-F9 requires the same process of FIX activation as that which occurs for coagulation activity. The recombinant EGF-F9 increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity release into the medium and increased the number of cells stained with annexin V and activated caspase-3, by 8.8- and 2.7-fold respectively, indicating that EGF-F9 induced apoptosis. Activated caspase-3 increased very rapidly after only 5 min of administration of recombinant EGF-F9. Treatment with EGF-F9 increased the level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not that of phosphorylated MAPK 44/42 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibitors of caspase-3 suppressed the release of LDH. Caspase-3 inhibitors also suppressed the attenuation of cell adhesion and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by EGF-F9. Our data indicated that EGF-F9 activated signals for apoptosis and induced de-adhesion in a caspase-3 dependent manner.
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812
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Saera-Vila A, Kish PE, Kahana A. Fgf regulates dedifferentiation during skeletal muscle regeneration in adult zebrafish. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1196-1204. [PMID: 27267062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) regulate critical biological processes such as embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. In zebrafish, Fgf signaling plays an important role in the regeneration of the spinal cord, liver, heart, fin, and photoreceptors, although its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. Utilizing an adult zebrafish extraocular muscle (EOM) regeneration model, we demonstrate that blocking Fgf receptor function using either a chemical inhibitor (SU5402) or a dominant-negative transgenic construct (dnFGFR1a:EGFP) impairs muscle regeneration. Adult zebrafish EOMs regenerate through a myocyte dedifferentiation process, which involves a muscle-to-mesenchyme transition and cell cycle reentry by differentiated myocytes. Blocking Fgf signaling reduced cell proliferation and active caspase 3 levels in the regenerating muscle with no detectable levels of apoptosis, supporting the hypothesis that Fgf signaling is involved in the early steps of dedifferentiation. Fgf signaling in regenerating myocytes involves the MAPK/ERK pathway: inhibition of MEK activity with U0126 mimicked the phenotype of the Fgf receptor inhibition on both muscle regeneration and cell proliferation, and activated ERK (p-ERK) was detected in injured muscles by immunofluorescence and western blot. Interestingly, following injury, ERK2 expression is specifically induced and activated by phosphorylation, suggesting a key role in muscle regeneration. We conclude that the critical early steps of myocyte dedifferentiation in EOM regeneration are dependent on Fgf signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Saera-Vila
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Phillip E Kish
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alon Kahana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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813
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Teshima THN, Ianez RCF, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Tucker AS, Lourenço SV. Apoptosis-associated protein expression in human salivary gland morphogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 69:71-81. [PMID: 27270224 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary gland (SG) development is based on branching morphogenesis, in which programmed cell death has been proposed to play a role in cell signalling and organ shaping. In the mouse salivary gland apoptosis has been suggested to play a key role in lumen formation, removing the central cells of the epithelial stalks. Here we analyse the expression of several anti- and pro-regulators of apoptosis during human SG development in a range of developmental stages. DESIGN Foetal SGs obtained from the University of São Paulo were analysed by immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins: caspases (caspase-6, -7, -9 and cleaved caspase-3), Bcl-2 family members (Bax, Bak, Bad, Bid, Bcl-2, Bcl-x and Bcl-xL), Survivin (BIRC5), Cytochrome C and Apaf-1. RESULTS Nuclear expression of Bax and Bak was identified in presumptive luminal areas at initial stages, while Bcl-xL showed the most relevant anti-apoptotic activity. Caspase-6, -7 and -9 were expressed during all stages, while interestingly cleaved caspase-3 showed no prominent expression, indicating that caspase-7 is the main effector. Apoptosome complex components Apaf-1 and Cytochrome C, as well as survivin were all positive in developing glands. CONCLUSIONS The particular expression pattern of several apoptotic regulators in human SG development suggests the existence of a fundamental role for apoptosis during duct formation. The absence of Bad and Bid expressions indicates that the instrinsic pathway is more active then the extrinsic during human gland formation. The subcellular localisation of intrinsic-apoptosis proteins correlated with apoptotic activity, but also suggested additional non-apoptotic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyane H N Teshima
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata C F Ianez
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil R. Taguá, 400, Liberdade, 01508-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Claudia M Coutinho-Camillo
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil R. Taguá, 400, Liberdade, 01508-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, UK Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia V Lourenço
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil R. Taguá, 400, Liberdade, 01508-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Brazil.
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814
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Nakayama H, Nishida K, Otsu K. Macromolecular Degradation Systems and Cardiovascular Aging. Circ Res 2016; 118:1577-92. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related cardiovascular diseases are a rapidly increasing problem worldwide. Cardiac aging demonstrates progressive decline of diastolic dysfunction of ventricle and increase in ventricular and arterial stiffness accompanied by increased fibrosis stimulated by angiotensin II and proinflammatory cytokines. Reactive oxygen species and multiple signaling pathways on cellular senescence play major roles in the process. Aging is also associated with an alteration in steady state of macromolecular dynamics including a dysfunction of protein synthesis and degradation. Currently, impaired macromolecular degradation is considered to be closely related to enhanced inflammation and be involved in the process and mechanism of cardiac aging. Herein, we review the role and mechanisms of the degradation system of intracellular macromolecules in the process and pathophysiology of cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakayama
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan (H.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom (K.N., K.O.)
| | - Kazuhiko Nishida
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan (H.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom (K.N., K.O.)
| | - Kinya Otsu
- From the Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan (H.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom (K.N., K.O.)
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815
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Gautam LN, Ling T, Lang W, Rivas F. Anti-proliferative evaluation of monoterpene derivatives against leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 113:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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816
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Fuchs T, Kelly JA, Simon E, Sivils KL, Hermel E. The anti-inflammatory CASPASE-12 gene does not influence SLE phenotype in African-Americans. Immunol Lett 2016; 173:21-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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817
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Assunção R, Alvito P, Kleiveland C, Lea T. Characterization of in vitro effects of patulin on intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Toxicol Lett 2016; 250-251:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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818
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Protective Effect of Adrenomedullin on Rat Leydig Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway ADM on Rat Leydig Cells from Inflammation and Apoptosis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7201549. [PMID: 27212810 PMCID: PMC4861819 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7201549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate whether ADM can modulate LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat Leydig cells. Leydig cells were treated with ADM before LPS-induced cytotoxicity. We determined the concentrations of ROS, MDA, GSH, LDH, and testosterone and the MMP. The mRNA levels of IL-1, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 were obtained, and the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, NO, and PGE2 were determined. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL and detection of DNA fragmentation. The levels of mRNA and protein were determined for Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and PARP. The protein contents for total and p-Akt were measured. ADM pretreatment significantly elevated the MMP and testosterone concentration and reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, GSH, and LDH. ADM pretreatment significantly decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 and the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, NO, and PGE2. LPS-induced TUNEL-positive Leydig cells were significantly decreased by ADM pretreatment, a result further confirmed by decreased DNA fragmentation. ADM pretreatment decreased apoptosis by significantly promoting Bcl-2 and inhibiting Bax, caspase-3, and PARP expressions. The LPS activity that reduced p-Akt level was significantly inhibited by ADM pretreatment. ADM protected rat Leydig cells from LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis, which might be associated with PI3K/Akt mitochondrial signaling pathway.
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819
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Lee TV, Kamber Kaya HE, Simin R, Baehrecke EH, Bergmann A. The initiator caspase Dronc is subject of enhanced autophagy upon proteasome impairment in Drosophila. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1555-64. [PMID: 27104928 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A major function of ubiquitylation is to deliver target proteins to the proteasome for degradation. In the apoptotic pathway in Drosophila, the inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (Diap1) regulates the activity of the initiator caspase Dronc (death regulator Nedd2-like caspase; caspase-9 ortholog) by ubiquitylation, supposedly targeting Dronc for degradation by the proteasome. Using a genetic approach, we show that Dronc protein fails to accumulate in epithelial cells with impaired proteasome function suggesting that it is not degraded by the proteasome, contrary to the expectation. Similarly, decreased autophagy, an alternative catabolic pathway, does not result in increased Dronc protein levels. However, combined impairment of the proteasome and autophagy triggers accumulation of Dronc protein levels suggesting that autophagy compensates for the loss of the proteasome with respect to Dronc turnover. Consistently, we show that loss of the proteasome enhances endogenous autophagy in epithelial cells. We propose that enhanced autophagy degrades Dronc if proteasome function is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H E Kamber Kaya
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - R Simin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - A Bergmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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820
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Hu J, Liu F, Ju H. MALDI-MS Patterning of Caspase Activities and Its Application in the Assessment of Drug Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6667-70. [PMID: 27101158 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used for enzyme activity assays. Herein, we propose a MALDI-MS patterning strategy for the convenient visual presentation of multiple enzyme activities with an easy-to-prepare chip. The array-based caspase-activity patterned chip (Casp-PC) is fabricated by hydrophobically assembling different phospholipid-tagged peptide substrates on a modified ITO slide. The advantages of amphipathic phospholipids lead to high-quality mass spectra for imaging analysis. Upon the respective cleavage of these substrates by different caspases, such as caspase-1, -2, -3, and -8, to produce a mass shift, the enzyme activities can be directly evaluated by MALDI-MS patterning by m/z-dependent imaging of the cleavage products. The ability to identify drug-sensitive/resistant cancer cells and assess the curative effects of anticancer drugs is demonstrated, indicating the applicability of the method and the designed chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China.
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821
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Hu J, Liu F, Ju H. MALDI-MS Patterning of Caspase Activities and Its Application in the Assessment of Drug Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
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822
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Sullivan KD, Nakagawa A, Xue D, Espinosa JM. Human ACAP2 is a homolog of C. elegans CNT-1 that promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1771-8. [PMID: 25853217 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1026518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of caspases is an integral part of the apoptotic cell death program. Collectively, these proteases target hundreds of substrates, leading to the hypothesis that apoptosis is "death by a thousand cuts". Recent work, however, has demonstrated that caspase cleavage of only a subset of these substrates directs apoptosis in the cell. One such example is C. elegans CNT-1, which is cleaved by CED-3 to generate a truncated form, tCNT-1, that acquires a potent phosphoinositide-binding activity and translocates to the plasma membrane where it inactivates AKT survival signaling. We report here that ACAP2, a homolog of C. elegans CNT-1, has a pro-apoptotic function and an identical phosphoinositide-binding pattern to that of tCNT-1, despite not being an apparent target of caspase cleavage. We show that knockdown of ACAP2 blocks apoptosis in cancer cells in response to the chemotherapeutic antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil and that ACAP2 expression is down-regulated in some esophageal cancers, leukemias and lymphomas. These results suggest that ACAP2 is a functional homolog of C. elegans CNT-1 and its inactivation or downregulation in human cells may contribute to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Sullivan
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; University of Colorado ; Boulder , CO , USA
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823
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Arif T, Krelin Y, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Reducing VDAC1 expression induces a non-apoptotic role for pro-apoptotic proteins in cancer cell differentiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1228-1242. [PMID: 27080741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins initially identified as essential for apoptosis also mediate a wide range of non-apoptotic functions that include cell cycle progression, differentiation and metabolism. As this phenomenon was mostly reported with non-cancer cells, we considered non-conventional roles for the apoptotic machinery in the cancer setting. We found that treating glioblastoma (GBM) tumors with siRNA against VDAC1, a mitochondrial protein found at the crossroads of metabolic and survival pathways and involved in apoptosis, inhibited tumor growth while leading to differentiation of tumor cells into neuronal-like cells, as reflected in the expression of specific markers. Although VDAC1 depletion did not induce apoptosis, the expression levels of several pro-apoptotic regulatory proteins were changed. Specifically, VDAC1 deletion led to up-regulation of caspases, p53, cytochrome c, and down-regulation of SMAC/Diablo, AIF and TSPO. The down-regulated group was highly expressed in U-87MG xenografts, as well as in GBMs from human patients. We also showed that the rewired cancer-cell metabolism resulting from VDAC1 depletion reinforced cell growth arrest and differentiation via alterations in the transcription factors p53, c-Myc, HIF-1α and NF-κB. The decrease in c-Myc, HIF-1α and NF-κB levels was in accord with reduced cell proliferation, whereas increased p53 expression promoted differentiation. Thus, upon metabolic re-programing induced by VDAC1 depletion, the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins associated with cell growth decreased, while those connected to cell differentiation increased, converting GBM cells into astrocyte- and neuron-like cells. The results reveal that in tumors, pro-apoptotic proteins can perform non-apoptotic functions, acting as regulators of cell growth and differentiation, making these molecules potential new targets for cancer therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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824
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Chang NS. Bubbling cell death: A hot air balloon released from the nucleus in the cold. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1306-15. [PMID: 27075929 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216644531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death emanating from the nucleus is largely unknown. In our recent study, we determined that when temperature is lowered in the surrounding environment, apoptosis stops and bubbling cell death (BCD) occurs. The study concerns the severity of frostbite. When exposed to severe cold and strong ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, people may suffer serious damages to the skin and internal organs. This ultimately leads to limb amputations, organ failure, and death. BCD is defined as "formation of a single bubble from the nucleus per cell and release of this swelling bubble from the cell surface to extracellular space that causes cell death." When cells are subjected to UV irradiation and/or brief cold shock (4℃ for 5 min) and then incubated at room temperature or 4℃ for time-lapse microscopy, each cell releases an enlarging nuclear gas bubble containing nitric oxide. Certain cells may simultaneously eject hundreds or thousands of exosome-like particles. Unlike apoptosis, no phosphatidylserine flip-over, mitochondrial apoptosis, damage to Golgi complex, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation are shown in BCD. When the temperature is increased back at 37℃, bubble formation stops and apoptosis restarts. Mechanistically, proapoptotic WW domain-containing oxidoreductase and p53 block the protective TNF receptor adaptor factor 2 that allows nitric oxide synthase 2 to synthesize nitric oxide and bubble formation. In this mini-review, updated knowledge in cell death and the proposed molecular mechanism for BCD are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Shan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA Department of Neurochemistry, NYS Institute of Basic Research for Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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825
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Role of p38 MAPK activation and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release in allicin-induced apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:312-7. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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826
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Wei A, Shen B, Williams LA, Bhargav D, Yan F, Chong BH, Diwan AD. Expression and functional roles of estrogen receptor GPR30 in human intervertebral disc. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 158:46-55. [PMID: 26815911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen withdrawal, a characteristic of female aging, is associated with age-related intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The function of estrogen is mediated by two classic nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor (ER)-α and -β, and a membrane bound G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). To date, the expression and function of GPR30 in human spine is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate GPR30 expression in IVD, and its role in estrogen-related regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of disc nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. GPR30 expression was examined in 30 human adult NP and 9 fetal IVD. Results showed that GPR30 was expressed in NP cells at both mRNA and protein levels. In human fetal IVD, GPR30 protein was expressed in the NP at 12-14 weeks gestation, but was undetectable at 8-11 weeks. The effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on GPR30-mediated proliferation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced apoptosis of NP cells was investigated. Cultured NP cells were treated with or without E2, GPR30 antagonist G36, and ER antagonist ICI 182,780. NP cell viability was tested by MTS assay. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using fluorescence labeled annexin-V, TUNEL assay and immumnocytochemical staining of activated caspase-3. E2 enhanced cell proliferation and prevented IL-1β-induced cell death, but the effect was partially blocked by G36 and completely abrogated by a combination of ICI 182,780 and G36. This study demonstrates that GPR30 is expressed in human IVD to transmit signals triggering E2-induced NP cell proliferation and protecting against IL-1β-induced apoptosis. The effects of E2 on NP cells require both GPR30 and classic estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqun Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Research Institute, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bojiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Research Institute, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa A Williams
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Research Institute, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Divya Bhargav
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Research Institute, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Hematology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Beng H Chong
- Department of Hematology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashish D Diwan
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Research Institute, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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827
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Schmelzer E, Over P, Gridelli B, Gerlach JC. Response of Primary Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Dermal Keratinocytes to Thermal Printer Materials In Vitro. J Med Biol Eng 2016; 36:153-167. [PMID: 27231463 PMCID: PMC4853461 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in thermal three-dimensional printing techniques has greatly increased the possible applications of various materials in medical applications and tissue engineering. Yet, potential toxic effects on primary human cells have been rarely investigated. Therefore, we compared four materials commonly used in thermal printing for bioengineering, namely thermally printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, MED610, polycarbonate, and polylactic acid, and investigated their effects on primary human adult skin epidermal keratinocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in vitro. We investigated indirect effects on both cell types caused by potential liberation of soluble substances from the materials, and also analyzed BM-MSCs in direct contact with the materials. We found that even in culture without direct contact with the materials, the culture with MED610 (and to a lesser extent acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) significantly affected keratinocytes, reducing cell numbers and proliferation marker Ki67 expression, and increasing glucose consumption, lactate secretion, and expression of differentiation-associated genes. BM-MSCs had decreased metabolic activity, and exhibited increased cell death in direct culture on the materials. MED610 and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene induced the strongest expression of genes associated to differentiation and estrogen receptor activation. In conclusion, we found strong cell-type-specific effects of the materials, suggesting that materials for applications in regenerative medicine should be carefully selected not only based on their mechanical properties but also based on their cell-type-specific biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schmelzer
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Suite 216, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA
| | - Patrick Over
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Suite 216, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA
| | - Bruno Gridelli
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA ; Department of Surgery, ISMETT-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jörg C Gerlach
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Suite 216, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA ; Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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828
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Jiang T, Du L, Li M. Lighting up bioluminescence with coelenterazine: strategies and applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:466-80. [PMID: 27009907 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence-based techniques, such as bioluminescence imaging, BRET and dual-luciferase reporter assay systems, have been widely used to examine a myriad of biological processes. Coelenterazine (CTZ), a luciferin or light-producing compound found in bioluminescent organisms, has sparked great curiosity and interest in searching for analogues with improved photochemical properties. This review summarizes the current development of coelenterazine analogues, their bioluminescence properties, and the rational design of caged coelenterazine towards biotargets, as well as their applications in bioassays. It should be emphasized that the design of caged luciferins can provide valuable insight into detailed molecular processes in organisms and will be a trend in the development of bioluminescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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829
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Shen M, Shi H. Estradiol and Estrogen Receptor Agonists Oppose Oncogenic Actions of Leptin in HepG2 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151455. [PMID: 26982332 PMCID: PMC4794158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for certain cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Leptin, a hormone secreted by white adipose tissue, precipitates HCC development. Epidemiology data show that men have a much higher incidence of HCC than women, suggesting that estrogens and its receptors may inhibit HCC development and progression. Whether estrogens antagonize oncogenic action of leptin is uncertain. To investigate potential inhibitory effects of estrogens on leptin-induced HCC development, HCC cell line HepG2 cells were treated with leptin in combination with 17 β-estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) selective agonist PPT, ER-β selective agonist DPN, or G protein-coupled ER (GPER) selective agonist G-1. Cell number, proliferation, and apoptosis were determined, and leptin- and estrogen-related intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed. HepG2 cells expressed a low level of ER-β mRNA, and leptin treatment increased ER-β expression. E2 suppressed leptin-induced HepG2 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally E2 reversed leptin-induced STAT3 and leptin-suppressed SOCS3, which was mainly achieved by activation of ER-β. E2 also enhanced ERK via activating ER-α and GPER and activated p38/MAPK via activating ER-β. To conclude, E2 and its receptors antagonize the oncogenic actions of leptin in HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and stimulating cell apoptosis, which was associated with reversing leptin-induced changes in SOCS3/STAT3 and increasing p38/MAPK by activating ER-β, and increasing ERK by activating ER-α and GPER. Identifying roles of different estrogen receptors would provide comprehensive understanding of estrogenic mechanisms in HCC development and shed light on potential treatment for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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830
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Fujiwara M, Okamoto M, Hori M, Suga H, Jikihara H, Sugihara Y, Shimamoto F, Mori T, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Ota T, Wiedemuth R, Temme A, Tatsuka M. Radiation-Induced RhoGDIβ Cleavage Leads to Perturbation of Cell Polarity: A Possible Link to Cancer Spreading. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2493-505. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujiwara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
| | - Mayumi Okamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
| | - Masato Hori
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jikihara
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Human Culture and Science; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Minami-ku Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuka Sugihara
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Human Culture and Science; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Minami-ku Hiroshima Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Human Culture and Science; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Minami-ku Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshio Mori
- Radioisotope Research Center; Nara Medical University School of Medicine; Kashihara Nara Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Research & Development Division; Pias Corporation; Kobe Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research & Development Division; Pias Corporation; Kobe Japan
| | - Takahide Ota
- Department of Life Science; Medical Research Institute; Kanazawa Medical University; Uchinada Ishikawa Japan
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; Department of Life Sciences; Prefectural University of Hiroshima; Shoubara Hiroshima Japan
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831
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Hogg MC, Mitchem MR, König HG, Prehn JHM. Caspase 6 has a protective role in SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1063-73. [PMID: 26976329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), it has been suggested that the process of neurodegeneration starts at the neuromuscular junction and is propagated back along axons towards motor neurons. Caspase-dependent pathways are well established as a cause of motor neuron death, and recent work in other disease models indicated a role for caspase 6 in axonal degeneration. Therefore we hypothesised that caspase 6 may be involved in motor neuron death in ALS. To investigate the role of caspase 6 in ALS we profiled protein levels of caspase-6 throughout disease progression in the ALS mouse model SOD1(G93A); this did not reveal differences in caspase 6 levels during disease. To investigate the role of caspase 6 further we generated a colony with SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice lacking caspase 6. Analysis of the transgenic SOD1(G93A); Casp6(-/-) revealed an exacerbated phenotype with motor dysfunction occurring earlier and a significantly shortened lifespan when compared to transgenic SOD1(G93A); Casp6(+/+) mice. Immunofluorescence analysis of the neuromuscular junction revealed no obvious difference between caspase 6(+/+) and caspase 6(-/-) in non-transgenic mice, while the SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice showed severe degeneration compared to non-transgenic mice in both genotypes. Our data indicate that caspase-6 does not exacerbate ALS pathogenesis, but may have a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion C Hogg
- Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mollie R Mitchem
- Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hans-Georg König
- Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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832
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Romero R, Xu Y, Plazyo O, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiworapongsa T, Unkel R, Than NG, Chiang PJ, Dong Z, Xu Z, Tarca AL, Abrahams VM, Hassan SS, Yeo L, Gomez-Lopez N. A Role for the Inflammasome in Spontaneous Labor at Term. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 79:e12440. [PMID: 26952361 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Inflammasomes are signaling platforms that, upon sensing pathogens and sterile stressors, mediate the release of mature forms of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the expression of major inflammasome components in the chorioamniotic membranes in spontaneous labor at term, (ii) whether there are changes in the inflammasome components associated with the activation of caspase-1 and caspase-4, and (iii) whether these events are associated with the release of the mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18. METHOD OF STUDY Chorioamniotic membranes were collected from women at term with and without spontaneous labor. mRNA abundance and protein concentrations of inflammasome components, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD)1 and NOD2 proteins, caspase-1, caspase-4, IL-1β, and IL-18 were quantified by qRT-PCR (n = 28-29 each), ELISA (n = 10 each) or immunoblotting (n = 8 each), and immunohistochemistry (n = 10 each). Active caspase-1 and caspase-4, as well as mature IL-18, were determined by immunoblotting (n = 4 each), and pro- and mature forms of IL-1β were determined by ELISA (n = 4-7 each). RESULTS Inflammasome components and NOD proteins were expressed in the chorioamniotic membranes obtained from women at term. The chorioamniotic membranes from women who underwent labor had (i) higher concentrations of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3) and NOD1 protein, (ii) greater immunoreactivity for caspase-1 and caspase-4, (iii) a greater quantity of the active form of caspase-1 (p20), and (iv) higher mRNA abundance and protein concentrations of pro- and mature IL-1β. However, mRNA abundance and protein concentrations of the mature form of IL-18 were not increased in tissues from women who underwent labor at term. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous labor at term is characterized by the expression of inflammasome components, which may participate in the activation of caspase-1 and lead to the cleavage and release of mature IL-1β by the chorioamniotic membranes. These results support the participation of the inflammasome in the mechanisms responsible for spontaneous parturition at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ronald Unkel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Institute of Enzymology, Momentum Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Po Jen Chiang
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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833
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - L Dorstyn
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - S Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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834
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Stacey SN, Kehr B, Gudmundsson J, Zink F, Jonasdottir A, Gudjonsson SA, Sigurdsson A, Halldorsson BV, Agnarsson BA, Benediktsdottir KR, Aben KKH, Vermeulen SH, Cremers RG, Panadero A, Helfand BT, Cooper PR, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Jinga V, Okamoto I, Jonasson JG, Tryggvadottir L, Johannsdottir H, Kristinsdottir AM, Masson G, Magnusson OT, Iordache PD, Helgason A, Helgason H, Sulem P, Gudbjartsson DF, Kong A, Jonsson E, Barkardottir RB, Einarsson GV, Rafnar T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Mates IN, Neal DE, Catalona WJ, Mayordomo JI, Kiemeney LA, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson K. Insertion of an SVA-E retrotransposon into the CASP8 gene is associated with protection against prostate cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1008-18. [PMID: 26740556 PMCID: PMC4754045 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional and splicing anomalies have been observed in intron 8 of the CASP8 gene (encoding procaspase-8) in association with cutaneous basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and linked to a germline SNP rs700635. Here, we show that the rs700635[C] allele, which is associated with increased risk of BCC and breast cancer, is protective against prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, P = 1.0 × 10(-6)]. rs700635[C] is also associated with failures to correctly splice out CASP8 intron 8 in breast and prostate tumours and in corresponding normal tissues. Investigation of rs700635[C] carriers revealed that they have a human-specific short interspersed element-variable number of tandem repeat-Alu (SINE-VNTR-Alu), subfamily-E retrotransposon (SVA-E) inserted into CASP8 intron 8. The SVA-E shows evidence of prior activity, because it has transduced some CASP8 sequences during subsequent retrotransposition events. Whole-genome sequence (WGS) data were used to tag the SVA-E with a surrogate SNP rs1035142[T] (r(2) = 0.999), which showed associations with both the splicing anomalies (P = 6.5 × 10(-32)) and with protection against prostate cancer (OR = 0.91, P = 3.8 × 10(-7)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Stacey
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland,
| | - Birte Kehr
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Florian Zink
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni A Agnarsson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Katja K H Aben
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, 3501GD Utrecht, The Netherlands, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben G Cremers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angeles Panadero
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ciudad de Coria Hospital, 10800 Coria, Spain
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Phillip R Cooper
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Viorel Jinga
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Theodore Burghele Urology Clinic, Str. Dionisie Lupu, No.37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ichiro Okamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jon G Jonasson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Icelandic Cancer Registry, Skogarhlid 8, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Paul D Iordache
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Department of Anthropology and
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eirikur Jonsson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Landspitali-University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Thorunn Rafnar
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Ioan N Mates
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, St Mary General Surgical Clinic, Blv. I. Mihalache 29-43, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - David E Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK, Oncology Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK and
| | - William J Catalona
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - José I Mayordomo
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine,
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835
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ELEFTHERIADIS THEODOROS, SOUNIDAKI MARIA, PISSAS GEORGIOS, ANTONIADI GEORGIA, LIAKOPOULOS VASSILIOS, STEFANIDIS IOANNIS. In human alloreactive CD4+ T-cells, dichloroacetate inhibits aerobic glycolysis, induces apoptosis and favors differentiation towards the regulatory T-cell subset instead of effector T-cell subsets. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3370-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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836
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Yang YY, He HQ, Cui JH, Nie YJ, Wu YX, Wang R, Wang G, Zheng JN, Ye RD, Wu Q, Li SS, Qian F. Shikonin Derivative DMAKO-05 Inhibits Akt Signal Activation and Melanoma Proliferation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 87:895-904. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-yao Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200 240 China
| | - Hui-qiong He
- School of Pharmacy; Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200 240 China
| | - Jia-hua Cui
- School of Pharmacy; Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200 240 China
| | - Yun-juan Nie
- School of Pharmacy; Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200 240 China
| | - Ya-xian Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200 240 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; 287 Changhuai Rd. Bengbu Anhui 233 000 China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy; Cancer Institute; Xuzhou Medical College; 209 Tongshan Rd. Xuzhou Jiangsu Province 221 004 China
| | - Jun-Nian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy; Cancer Institute; Xuzhou Medical College; 209 Tongshan Rd. Xuzhou Jiangsu Province 221 004 China
| | - Richard D. Ye
- School of Pharmacy; Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200 240 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology; First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; 287 Changhuai Rd. Bengbu Anhui 233 000 China
| | - Shao-shun Li
- School of Pharmacy; Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200 240 China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmacy; Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200 240 China
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837
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WU FEIFEI, WANG JING, KE XIAOYAN. Knockdown of B7-H6 inhibits tumor progression and enhances chemosensitivity in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1561-70. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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838
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Abstract
This report summarises talks given at the 8th International Yakult Symposium, held on 23-24 April 2015 in Berlin. Two presentations explored different aspects of probiotic intervention: the small intestine as a probiotic target and inclusion of probiotics into integrative approaches to gastroenterology. Probiotic recommendations in gastroenterology guidelines and current data on probiotic efficacy in paediatric patients were reviewed. Updates were given on probiotic and gut microbiota research in obesity and obesity-related diseases, the gut-brain axis and development of psychobiotics, and the protective effects of equol-producing strains for prostate cancer. Recent studies were presented on probiotic benefit for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and people with HIV, as well as protection against the adverse effects of a short-term high-fat diet. Aspects of probiotic mechanisms of activity were discussed, including immunomodulatory mechanisms and metabolite effects, the anti-inflammatory properties of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, the relationship between periodontitis, microbial production of butyrate in the oral cavity and ageing, and the pathogenic mechanisms of Campylobacter. Finally, an insight was given on a recent expert meeting, which re-examined the probiotic definition, advised on the appropriate use and scope of the term and outlined different probiotic categories and the prevalence of different mechanisms of activity.
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839
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Shafik NM, Abou-Fard GM. Ameliorative Effects of Curcumin on Fibrinogen-Like Protein-2 Gene Expression, Some Oxido-Inflammatory and Apoptotic Markers in a Rat Model of l-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:302-8. [PMID: 26862043 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of curcumin on fibrinogen like protein-2 (fgl-2), some oxido-inflammatory and apoptotic markers in rat-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Seventy-five albino rats were divided into control group, l-arginine (l-Arg)-induced AP group, curcumin pre-treated group before AP induction, curcumin post-treated group after AP induction, and curcumin injected group only. AP group showed severe necrotizing pancreatitis confirmed by histopathological changes and elevations in serum amylase and lipase activities, levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78, tissue content of protein carbonyls, levels of tumor necrosis factor α, and caspase-3 as well as myeloperoxidase activity. Significant elevation in pancreatic fgl-2 mRNA expression was detected in AP group. Improvement of all parameters was detected with increase of caspase-3 in both curcumin-treated groups that confirmed curcumin ameliorative effects against AP through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of micro-thrombosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Shafik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ghada M Abou-Fard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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840
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Inhibition of colon cancer growth by docosahexaenoic acid involves autocrine production of TNFα. Oncogene 2016; 35:4611-22. [PMID: 26853468 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Among pro-inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays a paradoxical role in cancer biology with induction of cancer cell death or survival depending on the cellular context. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of TNFα in DHA-mediated tumor growth inhibition and colon cancer cell death. The treatment of human colorectal cancer cells, HCT-116 and HCT-8 cells, with DHA triggered apoptosis in autocrine TNFα-dependent manner. We demonstrated that DHA-induced increased content of TNFα mRNA occurred through a post-transcriptional regulation via the down-regulation of microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression. Treatment with DHA led to nuclear accumulation of Foxo3a that bounds to the miR-21 promoter triggering its transcriptional repression. Moreover, inhibition of RIP1 kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase α reduced Foxo3a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent increase of TNFα expression through a decrease of miR-21 expression in DHA-treated colon cancer cells. Finally, we were able to show in HCT-116 xenograft tumor-bearing nude mice that a DHA-enriched diet induced a decrease of human miR-21 expression and an increase of human TNFα mRNA expression limiting tumor growth in a cancer cell-derived TNFα dependent manner. Altogether, the present work highlights a novel mechanism for anti-cancer action of DHA involving colon cancer cell death mediated through autocrine action of TNFα.
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841
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Galluzzi L, López-Soto A, Kumar S, Kroemer G. Caspases Connect Cell-Death Signaling to Organismal Homeostasis. Immunity 2016; 44:221-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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842
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Podmirseg SR, Jäkel H, Ranches GD, Kullmann MK, Sohm B, Villunger A, Lindner H, Hengst L. Caspases uncouple p27(Kip1) from cell cycle regulated degradation and abolish its ability to stimulate cell migration and invasion. Oncogene 2016; 35:4580-90. [PMID: 26829051 PMCID: PMC4854979 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their role in programmed cell death, caspases exert non-lethal functions in diverse developmental processes including cell differentiation or tissue remodeling. Terminal cell cycle exit and differentiation can be promoted by increased level of the CDK inhibitor p27Kip1. Activated caspases cause proteolytic processing of p27, and we identified a novel caspase cleavage site in human p27 that removes a C-terminal fragment of 22 amino acids from the CDK inhibitor, including a phosphodegron. Thereby, caspases protect the inhibitor from SCF-Skp2-mediated degradation in S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. As a consequence, p27 becomes stabilized and remains an efficient nuclear inhibitor of cell cycle progression. Besides controlling cyclin/CDK kinase activity, p27 also regulates cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility and cell invasion. Following processing by caspases, p27 fails to bind to RhoA and to inhibit its activation, and thereby abolishes the ability of p27 to stimulate cell migration and invasion. We propose that the stabilization of the CDK inhibitor and elimination of RhoA-induced cytoskeletal remodeling upon caspase processing could contribute to cell cycle exit and cytoskeletal remodeling during non-lethal caspase controlled differentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Podmirseg
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Jäkel
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G D Ranches
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M K Kullmann
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Sohm
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.,CNRS, LIEC, UMR 7360, Metz, France
| | - A Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Hengst
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
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843
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Transcription Factor HBP1 Enhances Radiosensitivity by Inducing Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2016; 2016:7015659. [PMID: 26942107 PMCID: PMC4749775 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7015659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy for prostate cancer has been gradually carried out in recent years; however, acquired radioresistance often occurred in some patients after radiotherapy. HBP1 (HMG-box transcription factor 1) is a transcriptional inhibitor which could inhibit the expression of dozens of oncogenes. In our previous study, we showed that the expression level of HBP1 was closely related to prostate cancer metastasis and prognosis, but the relationship between HBP1 and radioresistance for prostate cancer is largely unknown. In this study, the clinical data of patients with prostate cancer was compared, and the positive correlation was revealed between prostate cancer brachytherapy efficacy and the expression level of HBP1 gene. Through research on prostate cancer cells in vitro, we found that HBP1 expression levels were negatively correlated with oncogene expression levels. Furthermore, HBP1 overexpression could sensitize prostate cancer cells to radiation and increase apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In addition, animal model was employed to analyze the relationship between HBP1 gene and prostate cancer radiosensitivity in vivo; the result showed that knockdown of HBP1 gene could decrease the sensitivity to radiation of xenograft. These studies identified a specific molecular mechanism underlying prostate cancer radiosensitivity, which suggested HBP1 as a novel target in prostate cancer radiotherapy.
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844
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Luksch H, Winkler S, Heymann MC, Schulze F, Hofmann SR, Roesler J, Rösen-Wolff A. Current knowledge on procaspase-1 variants with reduced or abrogated enzymatic activity in autoinflammatory disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016; 17:45. [PMID: 26003867 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-015-0520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-1 is a proinflammatory enzyme that is essential in many inflammatory conditions including infectious, autoimmune, and autoinflammatory disorders. The inflammation is mainly mediated by the generation of inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and subsequently interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In addition, homotypic CARD/CARD interaction of procaspase-1 with RIP2 and thereby activation of the NF-κB pathways may play some role in the inflammation. However, normally, this pathway seems to become downregulated rapidly by the cleavage and excretion of RIP2 by active (pro-)caspase-1. In patients with unexplained recurrent systemic inflammation, CASP1 variants were detected, which often destabilized the caspase-1 dimer interface. Obviously, the resulting decreased or abrogated enzymatic activity and IL-1β production did not prevent the febrile episodes. As an unexpected finding, the inactive procaspase-1 variants significantly enhanced proinflammatory signaling by increasing RIP2 mediated NF-κB activation in an in vitro cell transfection model. A likely reason is the failure of inactive procaspase-1 to cleave bound RIP2 and also to mediate its excretion out of the intracelluar space thereby keeping the RIP2-NF-κB pathway upregulated. Hence, proinflammatory effects of enzymatically inactive procaspase-1 variants may partially explain the inflammatory episodes of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Luksch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 03107, Dresden, Germany,
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845
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Apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response pathways in Arbovirus replication and pathogenesis. Expert Rev Mol Med 2016; 18:e1. [PMID: 26781343 PMCID: PMC4836210 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are pathogens that widely affect the health of people in different communities around the world. Recently, a few successful approaches toward production of effective vaccines against some of these pathogens have been developed, but treatment and prevention of the resulting diseases remain a major health and research concern. The arbovirus infection and replication processes are complex, and many factors are involved in their regulation. Apoptosis, autophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are three mechanisms that are involved in pathogenesis of many viruses. In this review, we focus on the importance of these pathways in the arbovirus replication and infection processes. We provide a brief introduction on how apoptosis, autophagy and the UPR are initiated and regulated, and then discuss the involvement of these pathways in regulation of arbovirus pathogenesis.
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846
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Cho GW, Altamirano F, Hill JA. Chronic heart failure: Ca(2+), catabolism, and catastrophic cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:763-777. [PMID: 26775029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Robust successes have been achieved in recent years in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Many patients who previously would have died now survive to enjoy happy and productive lives. Nevertheless, the devastating impact of heart disease continues unabated, as the spectrum of disease has evolved with new manifestations. In light of this ever-evolving challenge, insights that culminate in novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Here, we review fundamental mechanisms of heart failure, both with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. We discuss pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte remodeling and turnover, focusing on Ca(2+) signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis. In particular, we highlight recent insights pointing to novel connections among these events. We also explore mechanisms whereby potential therapeutic approaches targeting these processes may improve morbidity and mortality in the devastating syndrome of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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847
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Chen F, Deng ZY, Zhang B, Xiong ZX, Zheng SL, Tan CL, Hu JN. Esterification of Ginsenoside Rh2 Enhanced Its Cellular Uptake and Antitumor Activity in Human HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:253-261. [PMID: 26672619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research had indicated that the octyl ester derivative of ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2-O) might have a higher bioavailability than Rh2 in the Caco-2 cell line. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular uptake and antitumor effects of Rh2-O in human HepG2 cells as well as its underlying mechanism compared with Rh2. Results showed that Rh2-O exhibited a higher cellular uptake (63.24%) than Rh2 (36.76%) when incubated with HepG2 cells for 24 h. Rh2-O possessed a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect against the proliferation of HepG2 cells. The IC50 value of Rh2-O for inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation was 20.15 μM, which was roughly half the value of Rh2. Rh2-O induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells through a mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway. In addition, the accumulation of ROS was detected in Rh2-O-treated HepG2 cells, which participated in the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Conclusively, the findings above all suggested that Rh2-O as well as Rh2 inducing HepG2 cells apoptosis might involve similar mechanisms; however, Rh2-O had better antitumor activities than Rh2, probably due to its higher cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zeng-Xing Xiong
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Shi-Lian Zheng
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Chao-Li Tan
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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848
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Sánchez-Osuna M, Martínez-Escardó L, Granados-Colomina C, Martínez-Soler F, Pascual-Guiral S, Iglesias-Guimarais V, Velasco R, Plans G, Vidal N, Tortosa A, Barcia C, Bruna J, Yuste VJ. An intrinsic DFF40/CAD endonuclease deficiency impairs oligonucleosomal DNA hydrolysis during caspase-dependent cell death: a common trait in human glioblastoma cells. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:950-61. [PMID: 26755073 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) or grade IV astrocytoma is one of the most devastating human cancers. The loss of DFF40/CAD, the key endonuclease that triggers oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, has been linked to genomic instability and cell survival after radiation. Despite the near inevitability of GBM tumor recurrence after treatment, the relationship between DFF40/CAD and GBM remains unexplored. METHODS We studied the apoptotic behavior of human GBM-derived cells after apoptotic insult. We analyzed caspase activation and the protein levels and subcellular localization of DFF40/CAD apoptotic endonuclease. DFF40/CAD was also evaluated in histological sections from astrocytic tumors and nontumoral human brain. RESULTS We showed that GBM cells undergo incomplete apoptosis without generating oligonucleosomal DNA degradation despite the correct activation of executioner caspases. The major defect of GBM cells relied on the improper accumulation of DFF40/CAD at the nucleoplasmic subcellular compartment. Supporting this finding, DFF40/CAD overexpression allowed GBM cells to display oligonucleosomal DNA degradation after apoptotic challenge. Moreover, the analysis of histological slices from astrocytic tumors showed that DFF40/CAD immunoreactivity in tumoral GFAP-positive cells was markedly reduced when compared with nontumoral samples. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the low expression levels of DFF40/CAD and the absence of DNA laddering as common molecular traits in GBM. These findings could be of major importance for understanding the malignant behavior of remaining tumor cells after radiochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Osuna
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Laura Martínez-Escardó
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Carla Granados-Colomina
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Fina Martínez-Soler
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Sònia Pascual-Guiral
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Victoria Iglesias-Guimarais
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Roser Velasco
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Gerard Plans
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Noemi Vidal
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Carlos Barcia
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Jordi Bruna
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Victor J Yuste
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
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Zhou T, Zu G, Zhou L, Che N, Guo J, Liang Z. Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents cerebral and cerebellar injury induced by obstructive jaundice in rats via inducing expression of TIPE-2. Neurosci Lett 2016; 610:193-9. [PMID: 26592478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) on cerebral and cerebellar injury in experimental obstructive jaundice (OJ). OJ was done by ligature and section of extrahepatic biliary duct. Rg1 was injected intraperitoneally (10 mg kg(-1)d(-1) or 20 mg kg(-1) d(-1)). Comparison of serum total bile salts (TBA), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β among groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined, also apoptosis and mRNA and protein levels of TIPE2 (TNF-α-inducible protein 8-like 2) were tested in cerebrum and cerebellum. Our results showed that Rg1 reduced MDA and apoptosis in cerebrum and cerebellum induced by OJ, also GSH and antioxidant enzyme activity were raised obviously in rats treated with Rg1. Moreover, decreased mRNA and protein levels of TIPE2 in OJ rats and Rg1 could improve the decreased mRNA and protein levels of TIPE2 in OJ rats. In conclusion, Rg1 decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, also recovered the antioxidant status and mRNA and protein levels of TIPE2 in the cerebrum and cerebellum of OJ rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Guo Zu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Ningwei Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Surgical Operation, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Zhanhua Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China.
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850
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Apoptotic Caspases in Promoting Cancer: Implications from Their Roles in Development and Tissue Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 930:89-112. [PMID: 27558818 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39406-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a major form of programmed cell death, is an important mechanism to remove extra or unwanted cells during development. In tissue homeostasis apoptosis also acts as a monitoring machinery to eliminate damaged cells in response to environmental stresses. During these processes, caspases, a group of proteases, have been well defined as key drivers of cell death. However, a wealth of evidence is emerging which supports the existence of many other non-apoptotic functions of these caspases, which are essential not only in proper organism development but also in tissue homeostasis and post-injury recovery. In particular, apoptotic caspases in stress-induced dying cells can activate mitogenic signals leading to proliferation of neighbouring cells, a phenomenon termed apoptosis-induced proliferation. Apparently, such non-apoptotic functions of caspases need to be controlled and restrained in a context-dependent manner during development to prevent their detrimental effects. Intriguingly, accumulating studies suggest that cancer cells are able to utilise these functions of caspases to their advantage to enable their survival, proliferation and metastasis in order to grow and progress. This book chapter will review non-apoptotic functions of the caspases in development and tissue homeostasis with focus on how these cellular processes can be hijacked by cancer cells and contribute to tumourigenesis.
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