51
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The role of thalamic group II mGlu receptors in health and disease. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210058. [PMID: 36561092 PMCID: PMC9760452 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus plays a pivotal role in the integration and processing of sensory, motor, and cognitive information. It is therefore important to understand how the thalamus operates in states of both health and disease. In the present review, we discuss the function of the Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors within thalamic circuitry, and how they may represent therapeutic targets in treating disease states associated with thalamic dysfunction.
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Mayeli A, Wilson JD, Donati FL, LaGoy AD, Ferrarelli F. Sleep spindle alterations relate to working memory deficits in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac193. [PMID: 35981865 PMCID: PMC9644126 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep spindles are waxing and waning EEG waves exemplifying the main fast oscillatory activity occurring during NREM sleep. Several recent studies have established that sleep spindle abnormalities are present in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including in early-course and first-episode patients, and those spindle deficits are associated with some of the cognitive impairments commonly observed in these patients. Cognitive deficits are often observed before the onset of psychosis and seem to predict poor functional outcomes in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). Yet, the presence of spindle abnormalities and their relationship with cognitive dysfunction has not been investigated in CHR. METHODS In this study, overnight high-density (hd)-EEG recordings were collected in 24 CHR and 24 healthy control (HC) subjects. Spindle density, duration, amplitude, and frequency were computed and compared between CHR and HC. Furthermore, WM was assessed for both HC and CHR, and its relationship with spindle parameters was examined. RESULTS CHR had reduced spindle duration in centro-parietal and prefrontal regions, with the largest decrease in the right prefrontal area. Moderation analysis showed that the relation between spindle duration and spindle frequency was altered in CHR relative to HC. Furthermore, CHR had reduced WM performance compared to HC, which was predicted by spindle frequency, whereas in HC spindle frequency, duration, and density all predicted working memory performance. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings indicate that sleep spindles are altered in CHR individuals, and spindle alterations are associated with their cognitive deficits, thus representing a sleep-specific putative neurophysiological biomarker of cognitive dysfunction in psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Alice D LaGoy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Bergé D, Lesh TA, Smucny J, Carter CS. Improvement in prefrontal thalamic connectivity during the early course of the illness in recent-onset psychosis: a 12-month longitudinal follow-up resting-state fMRI study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2713-2721. [PMID: 33323140 PMCID: PMC9307321 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has shown a mixed pattern of disrupted thalamocortical connectivity in psychosis. The clinical meaning of these findings and their stability over time remains unclear. We aimed to study thalamocortical connectivity longitudinally over a 1-year period in participants with recent-onset psychosis. METHODS To this purpose, 129 individuals with recent-onset psychosis and 87 controls were clinically evaluated and scanned using rs-fMRI. Among them, 43 patients and 40 controls were re-scanned and re-evaluated 12 months later. Functional connectivity between the thalamus and the rest of the brain was calculated using a seed to voxel approach, and then compared between groups and correlated with clinical features cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS At baseline, participants with recent-onset psychosis showed increased connectivity (compared to controls) between the thalamus and somatosensory and temporal regions (k = 653, T = 5.712), as well as decreased connectivity between the thalamus and left cerebellum and right prefrontal cortex (PFC; k = 201, T = -4.700). Longitudinal analyses revealed increased connectivity over time in recent-onset psychosis (relative to controls) in the right middle frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the concept of abnormal thalamic connectivity as a core feature in psychosis. In agreement with a non-degenerative model of illness in which functional changes occur early in development and do not deteriorate over time, no evidence of progressive deterioration of connectivity during early psychosis was observed. Indeed, regionally increased connectivity between thalamus and PFC was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bergé
- Neuroimaging Group, Neuroscience Department, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tyler A. Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California (UCDAVIS), Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California (UCDAVIS), Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cameron S. Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California (UCDAVIS), Davis, CA, USA
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54
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Dourron HM, Strauss C, Hendricks PS. Self-Entropic Broadening Theory: Toward a New Understanding of Self and Behavior Change Informed by Psychedelics and Psychosis. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:982-1027. [DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Fryer SL, Ferri JM, Roach BJ, Loewy RL, Stuart BK, Anticevic A, Ford JM, Mathalon DH. Thalamic dysconnectivity in the psychosis risk syndrome and early illness schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2767-2775. [PMID: 33719985 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with thalamic dysconnectivity. Compared to healthy controls (HCs), individuals with SZ have hyperconnectivity with sensory regions, and hypoconnectivity with cerebellar, thalamic, and prefrontal regions. Despite replication of this pattern in chronically ill individuals, less is known about when these abnormalities emerge in the illness course and if they are present prior to illness onset. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) youth (n = 45), early illness SZ (ESZ) (n = 74) patients, and HCs (n = 85). Age-adjusted functional connectivity, seeded from the thalamus, was compared among the groups. RESULTS Significant effects of group were observed in left and right middle temporal regions, left and right superior temporal regions, left cerebellum, and bilateral thalamus. Compared to HCs, ESZ demonstrated hyperconnectivity to all temporal lobe regions and reduced connectivity with cerebellar, anterior cingulate, and thalamic regions. Compared to HCs, PRS demonstrated hyperconnectivity with the left and right middle temporal regions, and hypoconnectivity with the cerebellar and other thalamic regions. Compared to PRS participants, ESZ participants were hyperconnected to temporal regions, but did not differ from PRS in hypoconnectivity with cerebellar and thalamic regions. Thalamic dysconnectivity was unrelated to positive symptom severity in ESZ or PRS groups. CONCLUSIONS PRS individuals demonstrated an intermediate level of thalamic dysconnectivity, whereas ESZ showed a pattern consistent with prior observations in chronic samples. These cross-sectional findings suggest that thalamic dysconnectivity may occur prior to illness onset and become more pronounced in early illness stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna L Fryer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jamie M Ferri
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara K Stuart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
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56
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Benoit LJ, Canetta S, Kellendonk C. Thalamocortical Development: A Neurodevelopmental Framework for Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:491-500. [PMID: 35550792 PMCID: PMC9999366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability for the development of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes substantial maturation during this period, and PFC dysfunction is central to cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. As a result, impaired adolescent maturation of the PFC has been proposed as a mechanism in the etiology of the disorder and its cognitive symptoms. In adulthood, PFC function is tightly linked to its reciprocal connections with the thalamus, and acutely inhibiting thalamic inputs to the PFC produces impairments in PFC function and cognitive deficits. Here, we propose that thalamic activity is equally important during adolescence because it is required for proper PFC circuit development. Because thalamic abnormalities have been observed early in the progression of schizophrenia, we further postulate that adolescent thalamic dysfunction can have long-lasting consequences for PFC function and cognition in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Benoit
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Canetta
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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Liu S, Guo Z, Cao H, Li H, Hu X, Cheng L, Li J, Liu R, Xu Y. Altered asymmetries of resting-state MRI in the left thalamus of first-episode schizophrenia. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2022; 8:207-217. [PMID: 36161199 PMCID: PMC9481880 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with widespread alterations in the subcortical brain structure. Hemispheric asymmetries are a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain and relate to human psychological and behavioral characteristics. We aimed to explore the state of thalamic lateralization of SCZ. Methods We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis, whole-brain analysis of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and resting-state seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis to investigate brain structural and functional deficits in SCZ. Also, we applied Pearson's correlation analysis to validate the correlation between Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores and them. Results Compared with healthy controls, SCZ showed increased gray matter volume (GMV) of the left thalamus (t = 2.214, p = 0.029), which positively correlated with general psychosis (r = 0.423, p = 0.010). SCZ also showed increased ALFF in the putamen, the caudate nucleus, the thalamus, fALFF in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the caudate nucleus, and decreased fALFF in the precuneus. The left thalamus showed significantly weaker resting-state FC with the amygdala and insula in SCZ. PANSS negative symptom scores were negatively correlated with the resting-state FC between the thalamus and the insula (r = -0.414, p = 0.025). Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in the left thalamus and its FC with other related brain regions involved in the limbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental DisorderFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Zhenglong Guo
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityManassasVirginiaUSA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental DisorderFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Ruize Liu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
- Department of Mental HealthShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
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58
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Diamond A, Silverstein SM, Keane BP. Visual system assessment for predicting a transition to psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:351. [PMID: 36038544 PMCID: PMC9424317 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of psychiatry is far from perfect in predicting which individuals will transition to a psychotic disorder. Here, we argue that visual system assessment can help in this regard. Such assessments have generated medium-to-large group differences with individuals prior to or near the first psychotic episode or have shown little influence of illness duration in larger samples of more chronic patients. For example, self-reported visual perceptual distortions-so-called visual basic symptoms-occur in up to 2/3rds of those with non-affective psychosis and have already longitudinally predicted an impending onset of schizophrenia. Possibly predictive psychophysical markers include enhanced contrast sensitivity, prolonged backward masking, muted collinear facilitation, reduced stereoscopic depth perception, impaired contour and shape integration, and spatially restricted exploratory eye movements. Promising brain-based markers include visual thalamo-cortical hyperconnectivity, decreased occipital gamma band power during visual detection (MEG), and reduced visually evoked occipital P1 amplitudes (EEG). Potentially predictive retinal markers include diminished cone a- and b-wave amplitudes and an attenuated photopic flicker response during electroretinography. The foregoing assessments are often well-described mechanistically, implying that their findings could readily shed light on the underlying pathophysiological changes that precede or accompany a transition to psychosis. The retinal and psychophysical assessments in particular are inexpensive, well-tolerated, easy to administer, and brief, with few inclusion/exclusion criteria. Therefore, across all major levels of analysis-from phenomenology to behavior to brain and retinal functioning-visual system assessment could complement and improve upon existing methods for predicting which individuals go on to develop a psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Diamond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian P Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, 358 Meliora Hall, NY, Rochester, USA.
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59
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Huang H, Zhang B, Mi L, Liu M, Chang X, Luo Y, Li C, He H, Zhou J, Yang R, Li H, Jiang S, Yao D, Li Q, Duan M, Luo C. Reconfiguration of Functional Dynamics in Cortico-Thalamo-Cerebellar Circuit in Schizophrenia Following High-Frequency Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:928315. [PMID: 35959244 PMCID: PMC9359206 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.928315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by a disconnection between brain regions. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive brain intervention technique that can be used as a new and safe treatment option for patients with schizophrenia with drug-refractory symptoms, such as negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. However, the therapeutic effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation remain unclear and would be investigated using non-invasive tools, such as functional connectivity (FC). A longitudinal design was adopted to investigate the alteration in FC dynamics using a dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) approach in patients with schizophrenia following high-frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with the target at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Two groups of schizophrenia inpatients were recruited. One group received a 4-week high-frequency rTMS together with antipsychotic drugs (TSZ, n = 27), while the other group only received antipsychotic drugs (DSZ, n = 26). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and psychiatric symptoms were obtained from the patients with schizophrenia twice at baseline (t1) and after 4-week treatment (t2). The dynamics was evaluated using voxel- and region-wise FC temporal variability resulting from fMRI data. The pattern classification technique was used to verify the clinical application value of FC temporal variability. For the voxel-wise FC temporary variability, the repeated measures ANCOVA analysis showed significant treatment × time interaction effects on the FC temporary variability between the left DLPFC and several regions, including the thalamus, cerebellum, precuneus, and precentral gyrus, which are mainly located within the cortico-thalamo-cerebellar circuit (CTCC). For the ROI-wise FC temporary variability, our results found a significant interaction effect on the FC among CTCC. rTMS intervention led to a reduced FC temporary variability. In addition, higher alteration in FC temporal variability between left DLPFC and right posterior parietal thalamus predicted a higher remission ratio of negative symptom scores, indicating that the decrease of FC temporal variability between the brain regions was associated with the remission of schizophrenia severity. The support vector regression (SVR) results suggested that the baseline pattern of FC temporary variability between the regions in CTCC could predict the efficacy of high-frequency rTMS intervention on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. These findings confirm the potential relationship between the reduction in whole-brain functional dynamics induced by high-frequency rTMS and the improvement in psychiatric scores, suggesting that high-frequency rTMS affects psychiatric symptoms by coordinating the heterogeneity of activity between the brain regions. Future studies would examine the clinical utility of using functional dynamics patterns between specific brain regions as a biomarker to predict the treatment response of high-frequency rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Mi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Chang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruikun Yang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hechun Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Research Unit of Neuroinformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Qifu Li,
| | - Mingjun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Neuroinformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Mingjun Duan,
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Neuroinformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Cheng Luo,
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van Elk M, Yaden DB. Pharmacological, neural, and psychological mechanisms underlying psychedelics: A critical review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104793. [PMID: 35878791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a critical review of several possible mechanisms at different levels of analysis underlying the effects and therapeutic potential of psychedelics. At the (1) biochemical level, psychedelics primarily affect the 5-HT2A receptor, increase neuroplasticity, offer a critical period for social reward learning, and have anti-inflammatory properties. At the (2) neural level, psychedelics have been associated with reduced efficacy of thalamo-cortical filtering, the loosening of top-down predictive signaling and an increased sensitivity to bottom-up prediction errors, and activation of the claustro-cortical-circuit. At the (3) psychological level, psychedelics have been shown to induce altered and affective states, they affect cognition, induce belief change, exert social effects, and can result in lasting changes in behavior. We outline the potential for a unifying account of the mechanisms underlying psychedelics and contrast this with a model of pluralistic causation. Ultimately, a better understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of psychedelics could allow for a more targeted therapeutic approach. We highlight current challenges for psychedelic research and provide a research agenda to foster insight in the causal-mechanistic pathways underlying the efficacy of psychedelic research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van Elk
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - David Bryce Yaden
- The Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
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Sheldon AD, Kafadar E, Fisher V, Greenwald MS, Aitken F, Negreira AM, Woods SW, Powers AR. Perceptual pathways to hallucinogenesis. Schizophr Res 2022; 245:77-89. [PMID: 35216865 PMCID: PMC9232894 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in computational psychiatry have provided unique insights into the neural and cognitive underpinnings of psychotic symptoms. In particular, a host of new data has demonstrated the utility of computational frameworks for understanding how hallucinations might arise from alterations in typical perceptual processing. Of particular promise are models based in Bayesian inference that link hallucinatory perceptual experiences to latent states that may drive them. In this piece, we move beyond these findings to ask: how and why do these latent states arise, and how might we take advantage of heterogeneity in that process to develop precision approaches to the treatment of hallucinations? We leverage specific models of Bayesian inference to discuss components that might lead to the development of hallucinations. Using the unifying power of our model, we attempt to place disparate findings in the study of psychotic symptoms within a common framework. Finally, we suggest directions for future elaboration of these models in the service of a more refined psychiatric nosology based on predictable, testable, and ultimately treatable information processing derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sheldon
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Eren Kafadar
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Victoria Fisher
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Maximillian S Greenwald
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Fraser Aitken
- School of Biomedical and Imaging Sciences, Kings College, London, UK
| | | | - Scott W Woods
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Albert R Powers
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
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Yang Y, Li X, Cui Y, Liu K, Qu H, Lu Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Song J, Lv L. Reduced Gray Matter Volume in Orbitofrontal Cortex Across Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder: A Comparative Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:919272. [PMID: 35757556 PMCID: PMC9226907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.919272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe psychiatric disorders and share common characteristics not only in clinical symptoms but also in neuroimaging. The purpose of this study was to examine common and specific neuroanatomical features in individuals with these three psychiatric conditions. In this study, 70 patients with SZ, 85 patients with MDD, 42 patients with BD, and 95 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to explore brain imaging characteristics. Psychopathology was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognition was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), forward-digital span (DS), backward-DS, and semantic fluency. Common reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) region was found across the SZ, MDD, and BD. Specific reduced GMV of brain regions was also found. For patients with SZ, we found reduced GMV in the frontal lobe, temporal pole, occipital lobe, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. For patients with MDD, we found reduced GMV in the frontal and temporal lobes, insular cortex, and occipital regions. Patients with BD had reduced GMV in the medial OFC, inferior temporal and fusiform regions, insular cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the OFC GMV was correlated with processing speed as assessed with the DSST across four groups (r = 0.17, p = 0.004) and correlated with the PANSS positive symptoms sub-score in patients with SZ (r = − 0.27, p = 0.026). In conclusion, common OFC alterations in SZ, MDD, and BD provided evidence that this region dysregulation may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of these three psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center and Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haoyang Qu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Clinic College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinggui Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
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Benoit LJ, Holt ES, Posani L, Fusi S, Harris AZ, Canetta S, Kellendonk C. Adolescent thalamic inhibition leads to long-lasting impairments in prefrontal cortex function. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:714-725. [PMID: 35590075 PMCID: PMC9202412 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cortical maturation is a postulated mechanism in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. In the sensory cortex, activity relayed by the thalamus during a postnatal sensitive period is essential for proper cortical maturation. Whether thalamic activity also shapes prefrontal cortical maturation is unknown. We show that inhibiting the mediodorsal and midline thalamus in mice during adolescence leads to a long-lasting decrease in thalamo-prefrontal projection density and reduced excitatory drive to prefrontal neurons. It also caused prefrontal-dependent cognitive deficits during adulthood associated with disrupted prefrontal cross-correlations and task outcome encoding. Thalamic inhibition during adulthood had no long-lasting consequences. Exciting the thalamus in adulthood during a cognitive task rescued prefrontal cross-correlations, task outcome encoding and cognitive deficits. These data point to adolescence as a sensitive window of thalamocortical circuit maturation. Furthermore, by supporting prefrontal network activity, boosting thalamic activity provides a potential therapeutic strategy for rescuing cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Benoit
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma S Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Posani
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Fusi
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Z Harris
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Canetta
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Deng M, Liu Z, Shen Y, Cao H, Zhang M, Xi C, Zhang W, Tan W, Zhang J, Chen E, Lee E, Pu W. Treatment Effect of Long-Term Antipsychotics on Default-Mode Network Dysfunction in Drug-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833518. [PMID: 35685640 PMCID: PMC9171718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The maintenance of antipsychotic treatment is an efficient way to prevent the relapse of schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous studies have identified beneficial effects of antipsychotics on brain structural and functional abnormalities during mostly the acute phase in SCZ, but seldom is known about the effects of long-term antipsychotics on the brain. The present study focused on the long-term antipsychotic effect on the default mode network (DMN) dysfunction in SCZ. Methods: A longitudinal study of the functional connectivity (FC) of 11 DMN subdivisions was conducted in 86 drug-naive first-episode patients with SCZ at the baseline and after a long-term atypical antipsychotic treatment (more than 6 months) based on the resting-state functional magnetic resonance image. In total, 52 patients completed the follow-up of clinical and neuroimaging investigations. Results: At the baseline, relative to healthy controls, altered connectivities within the DMN and between the DMN and the external attention system (EAS) were observed in patients. After treatment, along with significant relief of symptoms, most FC alterations between the DMN and the EAS at the baseline were improved after treatment, although the rehabilitation of FC within the DMN was only observed at the link between the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Greater reductions in negative and positive symptoms were both related to the changes of DMN-EAS FC in patients. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that maintenance antipsychotics on SCZ is beneficial for the improvement of DMN-EAS competitive imbalance, which may partly contribute to the efficient relapse prevention of this severe mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Deng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyu Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjian Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Eric Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weidan Pu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Weidan Pu,
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65
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Kim WS, Shen J, Tsogt U, Odkhuu S, Chung YC. Altered thalamic subregion functional networks in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:693-707. [PMID: 35663295 PMCID: PMC9150031 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thalamus plays a key role in filtering information and has extensive interconnectivity with other brain regions. A large body of evidence points to impaired functional connectivity (FC) of the thalamocortical pathway in schizophrenia. However, the functional network of the thalamic subregions has not been investigated in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS).
AIM To identify the neural mechanisms underlying TRS, we investigated FC of thalamic sub-regions with cortical networks and voxels, and the associations of this FC with clinical symptoms. We hypothesized that the FC of thalamic sub-regions with cortical networks and voxels would differ between TRS patients and HCs.
METHODS In total, 50 patients with TRS and 61 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex, and education underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and clinical evaluation. Based on the rs-fMRI data, we conducted a FC analysis between thalamic subregions and cortical functional networks and voxels, and within thalamic subregions and cortical functional networks, in the patients with TRS. A functional parcellation atlas was used to segment the thalamus into nine subregions. Correlations between altered FC and TRS symptoms were explored.
RESULTS We found differences in FC within thalamic subregions and cortical functional networks between patients with TRS and HCs. In addition, increased FC was observed between thalamic subregions and the sensorimotor cortex, frontal medial cortex, and lingual gyrus. These abnormalities were associated with the pathophysiology of TRS.
CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that disrupted FC within thalamic subregions and cortical functional networks, and within the thalamocortical pathway, has potential as a marker for TRS. Our findings also improve our understanding of the relationship between the thalamocortical pathway and TRS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeon-ju 54907, South Korea
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeon-ju 54907, South Korea
| | - Uyanga Tsogt
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeon-ju 54907, South Korea
| | - Soyolsaikhan Odkhuu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeon-ju 54907, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeon-ju 54907, South Korea
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66
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Kozhemiako N, Wang J, Jiang C, Wang LA, Gai G, Zou K, Wang Z, Yu X, Zhou L, Li S, Guo Z, Law R, Coleman J, Mylonas D, Shen L, Wang G, Tan S, Qin S, Huang H, Murphy M, Stickgold R, Manoach D, Zhou Z, Zhu W, Hal MH, Purcell SM, Pan JQ. Non-rapid eye movement sleep and wake neurophysiology in schizophrenia. eLife 2022; 11:76211. [PMID: 35578829 PMCID: PMC9113745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the potential of objective neurophysiological markers to index thalamocortical function in patients with severe psychiatric illnesses, we comprehensively characterized key non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parameters across multiple domains, their interdependencies, and their relationship to waking event-related potentials and symptom severity. In 72 schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and 58 controls, we confirmed a marked reduction in sleep spindle density in SCZ and extended these findings to show that fast and slow spindle properties were largely uncorrelated. We also describe a novel measure of slow oscillation and spindle interaction that was attenuated in SCZ. The main sleep findings were replicated in a demographically distinct sample, and a joint model, based on multiple NREM components, statistically predicted disease status in the replication cohort. Although also altered in patients, auditory event-related potentials elicited during wake were unrelated to NREM metrics. Consistent with a growing literature implicating thalamocortical dysfunction in SCZ, our characterization identifies independent NREM and wake EEG biomarkers that may index distinct aspects of SCZ pathophysiology and point to multiple neural mechanisms underlying disease heterogeneity. This study lays the groundwork for evaluating these neurophysiological markers, individually or in combination, to guide efforts at treatment and prevention as well as identifying individuals most likely to benefit from specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Kozhemiako
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenguang Jiang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei A Wang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Guanchen Gai
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Zou
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoman Yu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, United States
| | - Zhenglin Guo
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Robert Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - James Coleman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Dimitrios Mylonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Huilong Guan Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, United States
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Dara Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mei-Hua Hal
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, United States
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jen Q Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
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67
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Biagianti B, Bigoni D, Maggioni E, Brambilla P. Can neuroimaging-based biomarkers predict response to cognitive remediation in patients with psychosis? A state-of-the-art review. J Affect Disord 2022; 305:196-205. [PMID: 35283181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive Remediation (CR) is designed to halt the pathological neural systems that characterize major psychotic disorders (MPD), and its main objective is to improve cognitive functioning. The magnitude of CR-induced cognitive gains greatly varies across patients with MPD, with up to 40% of patients not showing gains in global cognitive performance. This is likely due to the high degree of heterogeneity in neural activation patterns underlying cognitive endophenotypes, and to inter-individual differences in neuroplastic potential, cortical organization and interaction between brain systems in response to learning. Here, we review studies that used neuroimaging to investigate which biomarkers could potentially serve as predictors of treatment response to CR in MPD. METHODS This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic database search (Embase, Elsevier; Scopus, PsycINFO, APA; PubMed, APA) was conducted in March 2021. peer-reviewed, English-language studies were included if they reported data for adults aged 18+ with MPD, reported findings from randomized controlled trials or single-arm trials of CR; and presented neuroimaging data. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included and eight neuroimaging-based biomarkers were identified. Auditory mismatch negativity (3 studies), auditory steady-state response (1), gray matter morphology (3), white matter microstructure (1), and task-based fMRI (7) can predict response to CR. Efference copy corollary/discharge, resting state, and thalamo-cortical connectivity (1) require further research prior to being implemented. CONCLUSIONS Translational research on neuroimaging-based biomarkers can help elucidate the mechanisms by which CR influences the brain's functional architecture, better characterize psychotic subpopulations, and ultimately deliver CR that is optimized and personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Biagianti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Bigoni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Thalamic and striato-pallidal volumes in schizophrenia patients and individuals at risk for psychosis: A multi-atlas segmentation study. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:268-275. [PMID: 32448678 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite previous neuroimaging studies demonstrating morphological abnormalities of the thalamus and other subcortical structures in patients with schizophrenia, the potential role of the thalamus and its subdivisions in the pathophysiology of this illness remains elusive. It is also unclear whether similar changes of these structures occur in individuals at high risk for psychosis. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging was employed with the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT) brain segmentation algorithm to determine volumes of the thalamic subdivisions, the striatum (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens), and the globus pallidus in 62 patients with schizophrenia, 38 individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) [4 of whom (10.5%) subsequently developed schizophrenia], and 61 healthy subjects. Cognitive function of the patients was assessed by using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS). Thalamic volume (particularly the medial dorsal and ventral lateral nuclei) was smaller in the schizophrenia group than the ARMS and control groups, while there were no differences for the striatum and globus pallidus. In the schizophrenia group, the reduction of thalamic ventral lateral nucleus volume was significantly associated with lower BACS score. The pallidal volume was positively correlated with the dose of antipsychotic treatment in the schizophrenia group. These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia, but not those with ARMS, exhibit volume reduction in specific thalamic subdivisions, which may underlie core clinical features of this illness.
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Abram SV, Roach BJ, Fryer SL, Calhoun VD, Preda A, van Erp TGM, Bustillo JR, Lim KO, Loewy RL, Stuart BK, Krystal JH, Ford JM, Mathalon DH. Validation of ketamine as a pharmacological model of thalamic dysconnectivity across the illness course of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2448-2456. [PMID: 35422467 PMCID: PMC9135621 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction is a leading pathophysiological model of schizophrenia. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies demonstrate a thalamic dysconnectivity pattern in schizophrenia involving excessive connectivity with sensory regions and deficient connectivity with frontal, cerebellar, and thalamic regions. The NMDAR antagonist ketamine, when administered at sub-anesthetic doses to healthy volunteers, induces transient schizophrenia-like symptoms and alters rsfMRI thalamic connectivity. However, the extent to which ketamine-induced thalamic dysconnectivity resembles schizophrenia thalamic dysconnectivity has not been directly tested. The current double-blind, placebo-controlled study derived an NMDAR hypofunction model of thalamic dysconnectivity from healthy volunteers undergoing ketamine infusions during rsfMRI. To assess whether ketamine-induced thalamic dysconnectivity was mediated by excess glutamate release, we tested whether pre-treatment with lamotrigine, a glutamate release inhibitor, attenuated ketamine's effects. Ketamine produced robust thalamo-cortical hyper-connectivity with sensory and motor regions that was not reduced by lamotrigine pre-treatment. To test whether the ketamine thalamic dysconnectivity pattern resembled the schizophrenia pattern, a whole-brain template representing ketamine's thalamic dysconnectivity effect was correlated with individual participant rsfMRI thalamic dysconnectivity maps, generating "ketamine similarity coefficients" for people with chronic (SZ) and early illness (ESZ) schizophrenia, individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and healthy controls (HC). Similarity coefficients were higher in SZ and ESZ than in HC, with CHR-P showing an intermediate trend. Higher ketamine similarity coefficients correlated with greater hallucination severity in SZ. Thus, NMDAR hypofunction, modeled with ketamine, reproduces the thalamic hyper-connectivity observed in schizophrenia across its illness course, including the CHR-P period preceding psychosis onset, and may contribute to hallucination severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Abram
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Susanna L Fryer
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Dr. S, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, 5251 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, 309 Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87111, USA
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Barbara K Stuart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Avram M, Müller F, Rogg H, Korda A, Andreou C, Holze F, Vizeli P, Ley L, Liechti ME, Borgwardt S. Characterizing thalamocortical (dys)connectivity following d-amphetamine, LSD, and MDMA administration. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:885-894. [PMID: 35500840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychotic disorders present alterations in thalamocortical intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) as measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Specifically, thalamic iFC is increased with sensorimotor cortices (hyperconnectivity) and decreased with prefrontal-limbic cortices (hypoconnectivity). Intriguingly, psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) elicit similar thalamocortical-hyperconnectivity with sensorimotor areas in healthy volunteers. It is unclear whether LSD also induces thalamocortical-hypoconnectivity with prefrontal-limbic cortices as current findings are equivocal. Notably, thalamocortical-hyperconnectivity was associated with psychotic symptoms in patients and substance-induced altered states of consciousness in healthy volunteers. Thalamocortical dysconnectivity is likely evoked by altered neurotransmission, e.g., via dopaminergic excess in psychotic disorders and serotonergic agonism in psychedelic-induced states. It is unclear whether thalamocortical dysconnectivity is also elicited by amphetamine-type substances, broadly releasing monoamines (i.e., dopamine, norepinephrine) but producing fewer perceptual effects than psychedelics. METHODS We administrated LSD, d-amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in 28 healthy volunteers and investigated their effects on thalamic iFC with two brain networks (auditory-sensorimotor (ASM) and salience (SAL) - corresponding to sensorimotor and prefrontal-limbic cortices, respectively), using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. RESULTS All active substances elicited ASM-thalamic-hyperconnectivity compared to placebo, despite predominantly distinct pharmacological actions and subjective effects. LSD-induced effects correlated with subjective changes in perception, indicating a link between hyperconnectivity and psychedelic-type perceptual alterations. Unlike d-amphetamine and MDMA, which induced hypoconnectivity with SAL, LSD elicited hyperconnectivity. D-amphetamine and MDMA evoked similar thalamocortical dysconnectivity patterns. CONCLUSIONS Psychedelics, empathogens, and psychostimulants evoke thalamocortical-hyperconnectivity with sensorimotor areas, akin to findings in patients with psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Avram
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany.
| | - Felix Müller
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, 4012, Switzerland
| | - Helena Rogg
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Alexandra Korda
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Friederike Holze
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vizeli
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
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71
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Bulbul O, Kurt E, Ulasoglu-Yildiz C, Demiralp T, Ucok A. Altered Resting State Functional Connectivity and Its Correlation with Cognitive Functions at Ultra High Risk for Psychosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 321:111444. [PMID: 35093807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify robust resting state-functional connectivity (rs-FC) alterations and their correlations with the neuropsychological characteristics of Ultra-High Risk (UHR) for psychosis subjects compared to healthy controls (HCs). Twenty individuals with UHR and sixteen HCs underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and a cognitive battery evaluating attention, episodic memory and executive functions. Compared to HCs, UHR individuals showed working memory and set-shifting impairments. In functional connectivity (FC) analyses, the Default Mode Network (DMN) of the UHR subjects displayed increased FC with the visual areas and decreased FC with the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). Additionally, the salience network (SN) of the UHR subjects displayed increased connectivity with wide posterior cortical areas in the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, corresponding to posterior nodes of the SN itself, the Somato-Motor Network (SMN) and the DAN. The SN connectivity with the left SMN and DAN was positively correlated with the Trail Making Test - B scores of the UHR subjects. These findings show that the SN and DMN, which mostly show abnormal connectivity patterns in psychosis, are also affected in UHR subjects, while the SN plays a more central role with its hyperconnectivity to the DAN and SMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oznur Bulbul
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elif Kurt
- Hulusi Behçet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Ulasoglu-Yildiz
- Hulusi Behçet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Hulusi Behçet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Alp Ucok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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72
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Barrientos R, Alatorre A, Oviedo-Chávez A, Delgado A, Nielsen N, Querejeta E. Tonic serotonergic input increases the burst firing mode and diminishes the firing rate of reticular thalamic nucleus neurons through 5-HT1A receptors activation in anesthetized rats. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1341-1356. [PMID: 35234992 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reticular thalamic nucleus (RTn) is a thin shell of GABAergic neurons that covers the dorsal thalamus that regulate the global activity of all thalamic nuclei. RTn controls the flow of information between thalamus and cerebral cortex since it receives glutamatergic information from collaterals of thalamo-cortical (TCs) and cortico-thalamic neurons. It also receives aminergic information from several brain stem nuclei, including serotonergic fibers originated in the dorsal raphe nucleus. RTn neurons express serotonergic receptors including the 5-HT1A subtype, however, the role of this receptor in the RTn electrical activity has been scarcely analyzed. In this work, we recorded in vivo the unitary spontaneous electrical activity of RTn neurons in anesthetized rats; our study aimed to obtain information about the effects of 5-HT1A receptors in RTn neurons. Local application of fluoxetine (a serotonin reuptake inhibitor) increases burst firing index accompanied by a decrease in the basal spiking rate. Local application of different doses of serotonin and 8-OH-DPAT (a specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist) causes a similar response to fluoxetine effects. Local 5-HT1A receptors blockade produces opposite effects and suppresses the effect by 8-OH-DPAT. Our findings indicate the presence of a serotonergic tonic discharge in the RTn that increases the burst firing index and simultaneously decreases the basal spiking frequency through 5-HT1A receptors activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barrientos
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico, Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, CdMx, Mexico
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del IPN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Alberto Alatorre
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico, Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, CdMx, Mexico
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del IPN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Aldo Oviedo-Chávez
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico, Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, 31127, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Nielsine Nielsen
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del IPN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Enrique Querejeta
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico, Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, CdMx, Mexico.
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del IPN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, CdMx, Mexico.
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73
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Kim M, Lee TH, Park H, Moon SY, Lho SK, Kwon JS. Thalamocortical dysrhythmia in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:673-680. [PMID: 34608267 PMCID: PMC8782906 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD) is a model characterized by abnormal resting-state thalamic oscillatory patterns where the alpha rhythm is replaced by cross-frequency coupling of low- and high-frequency rhythms. Although disrupted thalamic function is a suggested important pathophysiological mechanism underlying schizophrenia, knowledge regarding the TCD model in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) patients and individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is limited. A total of 169 SSD patients, 106 individuals at CHR for psychosis, and 105 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state electroencephalography recordings. We performed mean global field power (MGFP) spectral analysis between 1 and 49 Hz as well as source-level theta phase-gamma amplitude coupling (TGC) analysis and compared resting-state oscillatory patterns across groups. Correlations between altered TGC values and psychotic symptom severity in the patient group were investigated. Spectral MGFP of low- and high-frequencies was larger in the SSD and CHR groups than in the HC group. The TGC of SSD patients was greater than that of HCs in the right frontal, right parietal, and left and right limbic lobes. Greater TGC in the right frontal and limbic lobes was associated with positive symptom severity in SSD patients. However, TGC in the CHR group was comparable to that in the HCs and was smaller than that in the SSD group in widespread cortical regions. The TCD pattern may be apparent after frank psychotic disorder onset in tandem with overt positive symptoms. A psychosis-risk state without overt psychotic symptoms could be characterized by abnormally increased low- and high-frequency activities with relatively preserved TGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Kim
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tak Hyung Lee
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Healthcare Sensor Laboratory, Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungyou Park
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Moon
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Kyungjin Lho
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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74
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Chan SY, Brady RO, Lewandowski KE, Higgins A, Öngür D, Hall MH. Dynamic and progressive changes in thalamic functional connectivity over the first five years of psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1177-1183. [PMID: 34697450 PMCID: PMC9035477 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The early stage of psychosis (ESP) is a critical period where effective intervention has the most favorable impact on outcomes. Thalamic connectivity abnormalities have been consistently found in psychosis, and are associated with clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits. However, most studies consider ESP patients as a homogeneous population and fail to take the duration of illness into account. In this study, we aimed to capture the progression of thalamic connectivity changes over the first five years of psychosis. Resting-state functional MRI scans were collected from 156 ESP patients (44 with longitudinal data) and 82 healthy controls (24 with longitudinal data). We first performed a case-control analysis comparing thalamic connectivity with 13 networks in the cortex and cerebellum. Next, we modelled the shape (flat, linear, curvilinear) of thalamic connectivity trajectories by comparing flexible non-linear versus linear models. We then tested the significance of the duration of illness and diagnosis in trajectories that changed over time. Connectivity changed over the ESP period between the thalamus and default mode network (DMN) and fronto-parietal network (FPN) nodes in both the cortex and cerebellum. Three models followed a curvilinear trajectory (early increase followed by a subsequent decrease), while thalamo-cerebellar FPN connectivity followed a linear trajectory of steady reductions over time, indicating different rates of change. Finally, diagnosis significantly predicted thalamic connectivity. Thalamo-cortical and thalamo-cerebellar connectivity change in a dynamic fashion during the ESP period. A better understanding of these changes may provide insights into the compensatory and progressive changes in functional connectivity in the early stages of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu Chan
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roscoe O Brady
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Lewandowski
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Higgins
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei-Hua Hall
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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75
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Cerebello-limbic functional connectivity patterns in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:220-227. [PMID: 35074702 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis can present not only with characteristic attenuated psychotic symptoms but also may have other comorbid conditions, including anxiety and depression. These undifferentiated mood symptoms can overlap with the clinical presentation of youth with Distress syndromes. Increased resting-state functional connectivity within cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathways has been proposed as a trait-specific biomarker for CHR. However, it is unclear whether this functional neural signature remains specific when compared to a different risk group: youth with Distress syndromes. The purpose of the present work was to describe CTC alterations that distinguish between CHR and Distressed individuals. Using machine learning algorithms, we analyzed CTC connectivity features of CHR (n = 51), Distressed (n = 41), and healthy control (n = 36) participants. We found four cerebellar (lobes VII and left Crus II anterior/posterior) and two basal ganglia (right putamen and right thalamus) nodes containing a set of specific connectivity features that distinguished between CHR, Distressed and healthy control groups. Hyperconnectivity between medial lobule VIIb, somatomotor network and middle temporal gyrus was associated with CHR status and more severe symptoms. Detailed atlas parcellation suggested that CHR individuals may have dysfunction mainly within the associative (cognitive) pathways, particularly, between those brain areas responsible for the multi-sensory signal integration.
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76
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Association of polygenic risk for schizophrenia with fast sleep spindle density depends on pro-cognitive variants. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1193-1203. [PMID: 35723738 PMCID: PMC9508216 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common feature in schizophrenia and the strongest prognostic factor for long-term outcome. Identifying a trait associated with the genetic background for cognitive outcome in schizophrenia may aid in a deeper understanding of clinical disease subtypes. Fast sleep spindles may represent such a biomarker as they are strongly genetically determined, associated with cognitive functioning and impaired in schizophrenia and unaffected relatives. We measured fast sleep spindle density in 150 healthy adults and investigated its association with a genome-wide polygenic score for schizophrenia (SCZ-PGS). The association between SCZ-PGS and fast spindle density was further characterized by stratifying it to the genetic background of intelligence. SCZ-PGS was positively associated with fast spindle density. This association mainly depended on pro-cognitive genetic variants. Our results strengthen the evidence for a genetic background of spindle abnormalities in schizophrenia. Spindle density might represent an easily accessible marker for a favourable cognitive outcome which should be further investigated in clinical samples.
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77
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Li X, Liu N, Yang C, Zhang W, Lui S. Cerebellar gray matter volume changes in patients with schizophrenia: A voxel-based meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1083480. [PMID: 36620665 PMCID: PMC9814486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1083480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In schizophrenia, the structural changes in the cerebellum are associated with patients' cognition and motor deficits. However, the findings are inconsistent owing to the heterogeneity in sample size, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, and other factors among them. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to characterize the anatomical changes in cerebellar subfields in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Systematic research was conducted to identify studies that compare the gray matter volume (GMV) differences in the cerebellum between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls with a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method. A coordinate-based meta-analysis was adopted based on seed-based d mapping (SDM) software. An exploratory meta-regression analysis was conducted to associate clinical and demographic features with cerebellar changes. RESULTS Of note, 25 studies comprising 996 patients with schizophrenia and 1,109 healthy controls were included in the present meta-analysis. In patients with schizophrenia, decreased GMVs were demonstrated in the left Crus II, right lobule VI, and right lobule VIII, while no increased GMV was identified. In the meta-regression analysis, the mean age and illness duration were negatively associated with the GMV in the left Crus II in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION The most significant structural changes in the cerebellum are mainly located in the posterior cerebellar hemisphere in patients with schizophrenia. The decreased GMVs of these regions might partly explain the cognitive deficits and motor symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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78
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Aberrant maturation and connectivity of prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia-contribution of NMDA receptor development and hypofunction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:731-743. [PMID: 34163013 PMCID: PMC8695640 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiology of schizophrenia involves multiple facets of pathophysiology, ranging from its genetic basis over changes in neurochemistry and neurophysiology, to the systemic level of neural circuits. Although the precise mechanisms associated with the neuropathophysiology remain elusive, one essential aspect is the aberrant maturation and connectivity of the prefrontal cortex that leads to complex symptoms in various stages of the disease. Here, we focus on how early developmental dysfunction, especially N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) development and hypofunction, may lead to the dysfunction of both local circuitry within the prefrontal cortex and its long-range connectivity. More specifically, we will focus on an "all roads lead to Rome" hypothesis, i.e., how NMDAR hypofunction during development acts as a convergence point and leads to local gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) deficits and input-output dysconnectivity in the prefrontal cortex, which eventually induce cognitive and social deficits. Many outstanding questions and hypothetical mechanisms are listed for future investigations of this intriguing hypothesis that may lead to a better understanding of the aberrant maturation and connectivity associated with the prefrontal cortex.
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79
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El Khoueiry C, Cabungcal JH, Rovó Z, Fournier M, Do KQ, Steullet P. Developmental oxidative stress leads to T-type Ca 2+ channel hypofunction in thalamic reticular nucleus of mouse models pertinent to schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2042-2051. [PMID: 35079122 PMCID: PMC9126813 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of parvalbumin interneurons induced by oxidative stress (OxS) is a "hub" on which converge several genetic and environmental risk factors associated with schizophrenia. In patients, this could be a mechanism leading to anomalies of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) whose major neuronal population expresses parvalbumin. The TRN shapes the information flow within thalamo-cortical circuits. The low-threshold voltage-gated T-type Ca2+ (T-Ca2+) channels (CaV3.2, CaV3.3) contribute to the excitability and rhythmic bursting of TRN neurons which mediates cortical sleep spindles, known to be affected in schizophrenia. Here, we investigated the impact of OxS during postnatal development and adulthood on firing properties and T-Ca2+ channels of TRN neurons. In Gclm knock-out (KO) mice, which display GSH deficit and OxS in TRN, we found a reduction of T-Ca2+ current density in adulthood, but not at peripuberty. In KO adults, the decreased T-Ca2+ currents were accompanied with a decrease of CaV3.3 expression, and a shift towards more hyperpolarized membrane potentials for burst firing leading to less prominent bursting profile. In young KO mice, an early-life oxidative challenge precipitated the hypofunction of T-Ca2+ channels. This was prevented by a treatment with N-acetylcysteine. The concomitant presence of OxS and hypofunction of T-Ca2+ channels were also observed in TRN of a neurodevelopmental model relevant to psychosis (MAM mice). Collectively, these data indicate that OxS-mediated T-Ca2+ hypofunction in TRN begins early in life. This also points to T-Ca2+ channels as one target of antioxidant-based treatments aiming to mitigate abnormal thalamo-cortical communication and pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne El Khoueiry
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zita Rovó
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margot Fournier
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q. Do
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Site de Cery, CH-1008, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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80
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Anteraper S, Guell X, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Big contributions of the little brain for precision psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1021873. [PMID: 36339842 PMCID: PMC9632752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1021873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work using 3T functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) parcellated the human dentate nuclei (DN), the primary output of the cerebellum, to three distinct functional zones each contributing uniquely to default-mode, salience-motor, and visual brain networks. In this perspective piece, we highlight the possibility to target specific functional territories within the cerebellum using non-invasive brain stimulation, potentially leading to the refinement of cerebellar-based therapeutics for precision psychiatry. Significant knowledge gap exists in our functional understanding of cerebellar systems. Intervening early, gauging severity of illness, developing intervention strategies and assessing treatment response, are all dependent on our understanding of the cerebello-cerebral networks underlying the pathology of psychotic disorders. A promising yet under-examined avenue for biomarker discovery is disruptions in cerebellar output circuitry. This is primarily because most 3T MRI studies in the past had to exclude cerebellum from the field of view due to limitations in spatiotemporal resolutions. Using recent technological advances in 7T MRI (e.g., parallel transmit head coils) to identify functional territories of the DN, with a focus on dentato-cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuitry can lead to better characterization of brain-behavioral correlations and assessments of co-morbidities. Such an improved mechanistic understanding of psychiatric illnesses can reveal aspects of CTC circuitry that can aid in neuroprognosis, identification of subtypes, and generate testable hypothesis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Anteraper
- Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xavier Guell
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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81
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Lee LH, Chen CH, Chang WC, Lee PL, Shyu KK, Chen MH, Hsu JW, Bai YM, Su TP, Tu PC. Evaluating the Performance of Machine Learning Models for Automatic Diagnosis of Patients with Schizophrenia Based on a Single Site Dataset of 440 Participants. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 65:e1. [PMID: 34937587 PMCID: PMC8792868 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Hao Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Humanities and Education, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,Pervasive Artificial Intelligence Research (PAIR) Labs, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan.,Pervasive Artificial Intelligence Research (PAIR) Labs, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lei Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan.,Pervasive Artificial Intelligence Research (PAIR) Labs, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Kai Shyu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan.,Pervasive Artificial Intelligence Research (PAIR) Labs, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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82
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Westhoff MLS, Ladwig J, Heck J, Schülke R, Groh A, Deest M, Bleich S, Frieling H, Jahn K. Early Detection and Prevention of Schizophrenic Psychosis-A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 35053755 PMCID: PMC8774083 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders often run a chronic course and are associated with a considerable emotional and social impact for patients and their relatives. Therefore, early recognition, combined with the possibility of preventive intervention, is urgently warranted since the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) significantly determines the further course of the disease. In addition to established diagnostic tools, neurobiological factors in the development of schizophrenic psychoses are increasingly being investigated. It is shown that numerous molecular alterations already exist before the clinical onset of the disease. As schizophrenic psychoses are not elicited by a single mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, epigenetics likely constitute the missing link between environmental influences and disease development and could potentially serve as a biomarker. The results from transcriptomic and proteomic studies point to a dysregulated immune system, likely evoked by epigenetic alterations. Despite the increasing knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the development of psychotic disorders, further research efforts with large population-based study designs are needed to identify suitable biomarkers. In conclusion, a combination of blood examinations, functional imaging techniques, electroencephalography (EEG) investigations and polygenic risk scores should be considered as the basis for predicting how subjects will transition into manifest psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lennart Schulze Westhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Johannes Ladwig
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Johannes Heck
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Rasmus Schülke
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Adrian Groh
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Maximilian Deest
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
| | - Kirsten Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.L.); (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.D.); (S.B.); (H.F.); (K.J.)
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83
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Donati FL, Kaskie R, Reis CC, D'Agostino A, Casali AG, Ferrarelli F. Reduced TMS-evoked fast oscillations in the motor cortex predict the severity of positive symptoms in first-episode psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110387. [PMID: 34129889 PMCID: PMC8380703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to neurophysiological abnormalities of the motor cortex in Schizophrenia (SCZ). However, whether these abnormalities represent a core biological feature of psychosis rather than a superimposed neurodegenerative process is yet to be defined, as it is their putative relationship with clinical symptoms. in this study, we used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation coupled with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to probe the intrinsic oscillatory properties of motor (Brodmann Area 4, BA4) and non-motor (posterior parietal, BA7) cortical areas in twenty-three first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and thirteen age and gender-matched healthy comparison (HC) subjects. Patients underwent clinical evaluation at baseline and six-months after the TMS-EEG session. We found that FEP patients had reduced EEG activity evoked by TMS of the motor cortex in the beta-2 (25-34 Hz) frequency band in a cluster of electrodes overlying BA4, relative to HC participants. Beta-2 deficits in the TMS-evoked EEG response correlated with worse positive psychotic symptoms at baseline and also predicted positive symptoms severity at six-month follow-up assessments. Altogether, these findings indicate that reduced TMS-evoked fast oscillatory activity in the motor cortex is an early neural abnormality that: 1) is present at illness onset; 2) may represent a state marker of psychosis; and 3) could play a role in the development of new tools of outcome prediction in psychotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Luciano Donati
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachel Kaskie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Catarina Cardoso Reis
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Adenauer Girardi Casali
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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84
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Park SH, Kim T, Ha M, Moon SY, Lho SK, Kim M, Kwon JS. Intrinsic cerebellar functional connectivity of social cognition and theory of mind in first-episode psychosis patients. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:59. [PMID: 34862393 PMCID: PMC8642425 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have revealed how intrinsic dysconnectivity among cortical regions of the mentalizing network (MENT) and the mirror neuron system (MNS) could explain the theory of mind (ToM) deficit in schizophrenia patients. However, despite the concurrent involvement of the cerebellum with the cortex in social cognition, the dysfunction in intrinsic interplay between the cerebellar nodes of MENT/MNS and the cortex in schizophrenia patients remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether resting-state cerebello-cortical dysconnectivity exists in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients in relationship with their ToM deficit. A total of 37 FEP patients and 80 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a priori-defined cerebellar seeds that functionally connect to the MENT (right crus II) and MNS (right crus I), we compared cerebello-cortical functional connectivities (FCs) in FEP patients and HCs. Correlations between cerebello-parietal connectivities and ToM performance were investigated in FEP patients. FEP patients showed hyperconnectivity between the right crus II and anterior cingulate gyrus and between the right crus I and supplementary motor area, bilateral postcentral gyrus, and right central/parietal operculum (CO/PO). Hypoconnectivity was found between the right crus II and left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) in FEP patients. FCs between the right crus II and left SMG and between the right crus I and right CO/PO were significantly correlated with ToM scores in FEP patients. In accordance with the "cognitive dysmetria" hypothesis, our results highlight the importance of cerbello-cortical dysconnectivities in understanding social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hwan Park
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Taekwan Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Moon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Kyungjin Lho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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85
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Huang AS, Rogers BP, Sheffield JM, Vandekar S, Anticevic A, Woodward ND. Characterizing effects of age, sex and psychosis symptoms on thalamocortical functional connectivity in youth. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118562. [PMID: 34506914 PMCID: PMC10021021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is composed of multiple nuclei densely connected with the cortex in an organized manner, forming parallel thalamocortical networks critical to sensory, motor, and cognitive functioning. Thalamocortical circuit dysfunction has been implicated in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, which also often exhibit sex differences in prevalence, clinical characteristics, and neuropathology. However, very little is known about developmental and sex effects on thalamocortical networks in youth. The present study characterized the effects of age, sex and psychosis symptomatology in anatomically constrained thalamocortical networks in a large community sample of youth (n = 1100, aged 8-21) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC). Cortical functional connectivity of seven anatomically defined thalamic nuclear groups were examined: anterior, mediodorsal, ventral lateral, ventral posterolateral, pulvinar, medial and lateral geniculate nuclear groups. Age and sex effects were characterized using complementary thalamic region-of-interest (ROI) to cortical ROI and voxel-wise analyses. Effects of clinical symptomatology were analyzed by separating youth into three groups based on their clinical symptoms; typically developing youth (n = 298), psychosis spectrum youth (n = 320), and youth with other psychopathologies (n = 482). As an exploratory analysis, association with PRIME scores were used as a dimensional measure of psychopathology. Age effects were broadly characterized by decreasing connectivity with sensory/motor cortical areas, and increasing connectivity with heteromodal prefrontal and parietal cortical areas. This pattern was most pronounced for thalamic motor and sensory nuclei. Females showed greater connectivity between multiple thalamic nuclear groups and the visual cortex compared to males, while males showed greater connectivity with the inferior frontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms showed a subtle decrease in thalamic connectivity with the premotor and prefrontal cortices. Across all youth, greater PRIME scores were associated with lower connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus. By characterizing typical development in anatomically constrained thalamocortical networks, this study provides an anchor for conceptualizing disruptions to the integrity of these networks observed in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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86
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Thalamic connectivity system across psychiatric disorders: Current status and clinical implications. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 2:332-340. [PMID: 36324665 PMCID: PMC9616255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamic connectivity system, with the thalamus as the central node, enables transmission of the brain’s neural computations via extensive connections to cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions. Emerging reports suggest deficits in this system across multiple psychiatric disorders, making it a unique network of high translational and transdiagnostic utility in mapping neural alterations that potentially contribute to symptoms and disturbances in psychiatric patients. However, despite considerable research effort, it is still debated how this system contributes to psychiatric disorders. This review characterizes current knowledge regarding thalamic connectivity system deficits in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, across multiple levels of the system. We identify the presence of common and distinct patterns of deficits in the thalamic connectivity system in major psychiatric disorders and assess their nature and characteristics. Specifically, this review assembles evidence for the hypotheses of 1) thalamic microstructure, particularly in the mediodorsal nucleus, as a state marker of psychosis; 2) thalamo-prefrontal connectivity as a trait marker of psychosis; and 3) thalamo-somatosensory/parietal connectivity as a possible marker of general psychiatric illness. Furthermore, possible mechanisms contributing to thalamocortical dysconnectivity are explored. We discuss current views on the contributions of cerebellar-thalamic connectivity to the thalamic connectivity system and propose future studies to examine its effects at multiple levels, from the molecular (e.g., glutamatergic) to the behavioral (e.g., cognition), to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the disturbances observed in psychiatric disorders.
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87
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Cao H, Wei X, Hu N, Zhang W, Xiao Y, Zeng J, Sweeney JA, Lencer R, Lui S, Gong Q. Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Hyperconnectivity Classifies Patients and Predicts Long-Term Treatment Outcome in First-Episode Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:505-513. [PMID: 34525195 PMCID: PMC8886592 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) hyperconnectivity is likely a state-independent neural signature for psychosis. However, the potential clinical utility of this change has not yet been evaluated. Here, using fMRI and clinical data acquired from 214 untreated first-episode patients with schizophrenia (62 of whom were clinically followed-up at least once at the 12th and 24th months after treatment initiation) and 179 healthy controls, we investigated whether CTC hyperconnectivity would serve as an individualized biomarker for diagnostic classification and prediction of long-term treatment outcome. Cross-validated LASSO regression was conducted to estimate the accuracy of baseline CTC connectivity for patient-control classification, with the generalizability of classification performance tested in an independent sample including 42 untreated first-episode patients and 65 controls. Associations between baseline CTC connectivity and clinical outcomes were evaluated using linear mixed model and leave-one-out cross validation. We found significantly increased baseline CTC connectivity in patients (P = .01), which remained stable after treatment. Measures of CTC connectivity discriminated patients from controls with moderate classification accuracy (AUC = 0.68, P < .001), and the classification model had good generalizability in the independent sample (AUC = 0.70, P < .001). Higher CTC connectivity at baseline significantly predicted poorer long-term symptom reduction in negative symptoms (R = 0.31, P = .01) but not positive or general symptoms. These findings provide initial evidence for the putative "CTC hyperconnectivity" anomaly as an individualized diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for schizophrenia, and highlight the potential of this measure in precision psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Xia Wei
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Hu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, 610041 Chengdu, China; tel/fax: +86-28-85423960, e-mail:
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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88
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Grent-'t-Jong T, Gajwani R, Gross J, Gumley AI, Krishnadas R, Lawrie SM, Schwannauer M, Schultze-Lutter F, Uhlhaas PJ. 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Responses Characterize Circuit Dysfunctions and Predict Clinical Outcomes in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Participants: A Magnetoencephalography Study. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:419-429. [PMID: 34116790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine whether 40-Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are impaired in participants at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and predict clinical outcomes. METHODS Magnetoencephalography data were collected during a 40-Hz ASSR paradigm for a group of 116 CHR-P participants, 33 patients with first-episode psychosis (15 antipsychotic-naïve), a psychosis risk-negative group (n = 38), and 49 healthy control subjects. Analysis of group differences of 40-Hz intertrial phase coherence and 40-Hz amplitude focused on right Heschl's gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus after establishing significant activations during 40-Hz ASSR stimulation. Linear regression and linear discriminant analyses were used to predict clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants, including transition to psychosis and persistence of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APSs). RESULTS CHR-P participants and patients with first-episode psychosis were impaired in 40-Hz amplitude in the right thalamus and hippocampus. In addition, patients with first-episode psychosis were impaired in 40-Hz amplitude in the right Heschl's gyrus, and CHR-P participants in 40-Hz intertrial phase coherence in the right Heschl's gyrus. The 40-Hz ASSR deficits were pronounced in CHR-P participants who later transitioned to psychosis (n = 13) or showed persistent APSs (n = 34). Importantly, both APS persistence and transition to psychosis were predicted by 40-Hz ASSR impairments, with ASSR activity in the right hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus correctly classifying 69.2% individuals with nonpersistent APSs and 73.5% individuals with persistent APSs (area under the curve = 0.842), and right thalamus 40-Hz activity correctly classifying 76.9% transitioned and 53.6% nontransitioned CHR-P participants (area under the curve = 0.695). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that deficits in gamma-band entrainment in the primary auditory cortex and subcortical areas constitute a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruchika Gajwani
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrew I Gumley
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Krishnadas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Airlangga, Indonesia; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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89
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Chopra S, Francey SM, O’Donoghue B, Sabaroedin K, Arnatkeviciute A, Cropley V, Nelson B, Graham J, Baldwin L, Tahtalian S, Yuen HP, Allott K, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Harrigan S, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, McGorry P, Fornito A. Functional Connectivity in Antipsychotic-Treated and Antipsychotic-Naive Patients With First-Episode Psychosis and Low Risk of Self-harm or Aggression: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:994-1004. [PMID: 34160595 PMCID: PMC8223142 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Altered functional connectivity (FC) is a common finding in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies of people with psychosis, yet how FC disturbances evolve in the early stages of illness, and how antipsychotic treatment influences these disturbances, remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate longitudinal FC changes in antipsychotic-naive and antipsychotic-treated patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This secondary analysis of a triple-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted over a 5-year recruitment period between April 2008 and December 2016 with 59 antipsychotic-naive patients with FEP receiving either a second-generation antipsychotic or a placebo pill over a treatment period of 6 months. Participants were required to have low suicidality and aggression, to have a duration of untreated psychosis of less than 6 months, and to be living in stable accommodations with social support. Both FEP groups received intensive psychosocial therapy. A healthy control group was also recruited. Participants completed rs-fMRI scans at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed from May 2019 to August 2020. INTERVENTIONS Resting-state functional MRI was used to probe brain FC. Patients received either a second-generation antipsychotic or a matched placebo tablet. Both patient groups received a manualized psychosocial intervention. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes of this analysis were to investigate (1) FC differences between patients and controls at baseline; (2) FC changes in medicated and unmedicated patients between baseline and 3 months; and (3) associations between longitudinal FC changes and clinical outcomes. An additional aim was to investigate long-term FC changes at 12 months after baseline. These outcomes were not preregistered. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 59 patients (antipsychotic medication plus psychosocial treatment: 28 [47.5%]; mean [SD] age, 19.5 [3.0] years; 15 men [53.6%]; placebo plus psychosocial treatment: 31 [52.5%]; mean [SD] age, 18.8 [2.7]; 16 men [51.6%]) and 27 control individuals (mean [SD] age, 21.9 [1.9] years). At baseline, patients showed widespread functional dysconnectivity compared with controls, with reductions predominantly affecting interactions between the default mode network, limbic systems, and the rest of the brain. From baseline to 3 months, patients receiving placebo showed increased FC principally within the same systems; some of these changes correlated with improved clinical outcomes (canonical correlation analysis R = 0.901; familywise error-corrected P = .005). Antipsychotic exposure was associated with increased FC primarily between the thalamus and the rest of the brain. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this secondary analysis of a clinical trial, antipsychotic-naive patients with FEP showed widespread functional dysconnectivity at baseline, followed by an early normalization of default mode network and cortical limbic dysfunction in patients receiving placebo and psychosocial intervention. Antipsychotic exposure was associated with FC changes concentrated on thalamocortical networks. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12607000608460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Chopra
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shona M. Francey
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian O’Donoghue
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristina Sabaroedin
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aurina Arnatkeviciute
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Graham
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Baldwin
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Tahtalian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susy Harrigan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Social Work, Monash University, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Wood
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,University of Birmingham School of Psychology, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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90
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Wu G, Palaniyappan L, Zhang M, Yang J, Xi C, Liu Z, Xue Z, Ouyang X, Tao H, Zhang J, Luo Q, Pu W. Imbalance Between Prefronto-Thalamic and Sensorimotor-Thalamic Circuitries Associated with Working Memory Deficit in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:251-261. [PMID: 34337670 PMCID: PMC8781324 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalamocortical circuit imbalance characterized by prefronto-thalamic hypoconnectivity and sensorimotor-thalamic hyperconnectivity has been consistently documented at rest in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, this thalamocortical imbalance has not been studied during task engagement to date, limiting our understanding of its role in cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. METHODS Both n-back working memory (WM) task-fMRI and resting-state fMRI data were collected from 172 patients with SCZ and 103 healthy control subjects (HC). A replication sample with 49 SCZ and 48 HC was independently obtained. Sixteen thalamic subdivisions were employed as seeds for the analysis. RESULTS During both task-performance and rest, SCZ showed thalamic hyperconnectivity with sensorimotor cortices, but hypoconnectivity with prefrontal-cerebellar regions relative to controls. Higher sensorimotor-thalamic connectivity and lower prefronto-thalamic connectivity both relate to poorer WM performance (lower task accuracy and longer response time) and difficulties in discriminating target from nontarget (lower d' score) in n-back task. The prefronto-thalamic hypoconnectivity and sensorimotor-thalamic hyperconnectivity were anti-correlated both in SCZ and HCs; this anti-correlation was more pronounced with less cognitive demand (rest>0-back>2-back). These findings replicated well in the second sample. Finally, the hypo- and hyper-connectivity patterns during resting-state positively correlated with the hypo- and hyper-connectivity during 2-back task-state in SCZ respectively. CONCLUSIONS The thalamocortical imbalance reflected by prefronto-thalamic hypoconnectivity and sensorimotor-thalamic hyperconnectivity is present both at rest and during task engagement in SCZ and relates to working memory performance. The frontal reduction, sensorimotor enhancement pattern of thalamocortical imbalance is a state-invariant feature of SCZ that affects a core cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Haojuan Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- MOE-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidan Pu
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Changsha, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; tel: +0731-85296219, fax: +0731-85292158, e-mail:
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91
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Shi G, Li X, Zhu Y, Shang R, Sun Y, Guo H, Sui J. The divided brain: Functional brain asymmetry underlying self-construal. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118382. [PMID: 34252524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-construal (orientations of independence and interdependence) is a fundamental concept that guides human behaviour, and it is linked to a large number of brain regions. However, understanding the connectivity of these regions and the critical principles underlying these self-functions are lacking. Because brain activity linked to self-related processes are intrinsic, the resting-state method has received substantial attention. Here, we focused on resting-state functional connectivity matrices based on brain asymmetry as indexed by the differential partition of the connectivity located in mirrored positions of the two hemispheres, hemispheric specialization measured using the intra-hemispheric (left or right) connectivity, brain communication via inter-hemispheric interactions, and global connectivity as the sum of the two intra-hemispheric connectivity. Combining machine learning techniques with hypothesis-driven network mapping approaches, we demonstrated that orientations of independence and interdependence were best predicted by the asymmetric matrix compared to brain communication, hemispheric specialization, and global connectivity matrices. The network results revealed that there were distinct asymmetric connections between the default mode network, the salience network and the executive control network which characterise independence and interdependence. These analyses shed light on the importance of brain asymmetry in understanding how complex self-functions are optimally represented in the brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Shi
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yifan Zhu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruihong Shang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Sui
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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92
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Functional brain network dysfunctions in subjects at high-risk for psychosis: A meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:90-101. [PMID: 34119524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although emerging evidence suggests that altered functional connectivity (FC) of large-scale neural networks is associated with disturbances in individuals at high-risk for psychosis, the findings are still far to be conclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of seed-based resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that compared individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, or subjects who reported psychotic-like experiences with healthy controls. Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The MetaNSUE method was used to analyze connectivity comparisons and symptom correlations. Our results showed a significant hypo-connectivity within the salience network (p = 0.012, uncorrected) in the sample of CHR individuals (n = 810). Additionally, we found a positive correlation between negative symptom severity and FC between the default mode network and both the salience network (p < 0.001, r = 0.298) and the central executive network (p = 0.003, r = 0.23) in the CHR group. This meta-analysis lends support for the hypothesis that large-scale network dysfunctions represent a core neural deficit underlying psychosis development.
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93
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Osborne KJ, Damme KS, Gupta T, Dean DJ, Bernard JA, Mittal VA. Timing dysfunction and cerebellar resting state functional connectivity abnormalities in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1289-1298. [PMID: 32008594 PMCID: PMC9754787 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719004161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent with pathophysiological models of psychosis, temporal disturbances in schizophrenia spectrum populations may reflect abnormal cortical (e.g. prefrontal cortex) and subcortical (e.g. striatum) cerebellar connectivity. However, few studies have examined associations between cerebellar connectivity and timing dysfunction in psychosis populations, and none have been conducted in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Thus, it is currently unknown if impairments in temporal processes are present in CHR youth or how they may be associated with cerebellar connectivity and worsening of symptoms. METHODS A total of 108 (56 CHR/52 controls) youth were administered an auditory temporal bisection task along with a resting state imaging scan to examine cerebellar resting state connectivity. Positive and negative symptoms at baseline and 12 months later were also quantified. RESULTS Controlling for alcohol and cannabis use, CHR youth exhibited poorer temporal accuracy compared to controls, and temporal accuracy deficits were associated with abnormal connectivity between the bilateral anterior cerebellum and a right caudate/nucleus accumbens striatal cluster. Poor temporal accuracy accounted for 11% of the variance in worsening of negative symptoms over 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral findings suggest CHR youth perceive durations of auditory tones as shortened compared to objective time, which may indicate a slower internal clock. Poorer temporal accuracy in CHR youth was associated with abnormalities in brain regions involved in an important cerebellar network implicated in prominent pathophysiological models of psychosis. Lastly, temporal accuracy was associated with worsening of negative symptoms across 12 months, suggesting temporal dysfunction may be sensitive to illness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Juston Osborne
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Tina Gupta
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Derek J. Dean
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jessica A. Bernard
- Texas A & M University, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Policy Research, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA
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94
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Anteraper SA, Guell X, Collin G, Qi Z, Ren J, Nair A, Seidman LJ, Keshavan MS, Zhang T, Tang Y, Li H, McCarley RW, Niznikiewicz MA, Shenton ME, Stone WS, Wang J, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Abnormal Function in Dentate Nuclei Precedes the Onset of Psychosis: A Resting-State fMRI Study in High-Risk Individuals. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1421-1430. [PMID: 33954497 PMCID: PMC8379537 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cerebellum serves a wide range of functions and is suggested to be composed of discrete regions dedicated to unique functions. We recently developed a new parcellation of the dentate nuclei (DN), the major output nuclei of the cerebellum, which optimally divides the structure into 3 functional territories that contribute uniquely to default-mode, motor-salience, and visual processing networks as indexed by resting-state functional connectivity (RsFc). Here we test for the first time whether RsFc differences in the DN, precede the onset of psychosis in individuals at risk of developing schizophrenia. METHODS We used the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis study that included subjects at high risk to develop schizophrenia (N = 144), with longitudinal follow-up to determine which subjects developed a psychotic episode within 1 year of their functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan (converters N = 23). Analysis used the 3 functional parcels (default-mode, salience-motor, and visual territory) from the DN as seed regions of interest for whole-brain RsFc analysis. RESULTS RsFc analysis revealed abnormalities at baseline in high-risk individuals who developed psychosis, compared to high-risk individuals who did not develop psychosis. The nature of the observed abnormalities was found to be anatomically specific such that abnormal RsFc was localized predominantly in cerebral cortical networks that matched the 3 functional territories of the DN that were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that abnormal RsFc of the DN may precede the onset of psychosis. This new evidence highlights the role of the cerebellum as a potential target for psychosis prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Arnold Anteraper
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA,Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, US; tel: 617-373-4793, fax: 617-373-8714,
| | - Xavier Guell
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Guusje Collin
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhenghan Qi
- Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Jingwen Ren
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Atira Nair
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Psychology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Robert W McCarley
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA
| | | | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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95
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Quiñones GM, Mayeli A, Yushmanov VE, Hetherington HP, Ferrarelli F. Reduced GABA/glutamate in the thalamus of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1133-1139. [PMID: 33273706 PMCID: PMC8115482 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) are a unique population enriched for precursors of major psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia (SCZ). Recent neuroimaging findings point to abnormalities in the thalamus of patients with SCZ, including chronic and early course patients, as well as in CHR individuals relative to healthy comparison groups, thus suggesting that thalamic dysfunctions are present even before illness onset. Furthermore, modeling data indicate that alteration between excitatory and inhibitory control, as reflected by alteration in GABAergic and glutamatergic balance (i.e., GABA/Glu), may underlie thalamic deficits linked to the risk and development of psychosis. There is, however, a lack of in vivo evidence of GABA/Glu thalamic abnormalities in the CHR state. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) 7 Tesla (7 T) provides enhanced resolution to quantify GABA and Glu levels in the thalamus of CHR individuals. In this study, we performed 7 T MRSI in 15 CHR and 20 healthy control (HC) participants. We found that GABA/Glu was significantly reduced in the right medial anterior and right medial posterior thalamus of CHR relative to HC groups. The GABA/Glu reduction was negatively correlated with general symptoms in the right medial anterior thalamus, as well as with disorganization symptoms in the right medial posterior thalamus. Altogether, these findings indicate that GABA/Glu abnormalities are present in the thalamus before the onset of full-blown psychosis and are associated with symptom severity, thus providing putative molecular and neuronal targets for early interventions in youth at CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo M. Quiñones
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Victor E. Yushmanov
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Hoby P. Hetherington
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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96
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Zhang M, Palaniyappan L, Deng M, Zhang W, Pan Y, Fan Z, Tan W, Wu G, Liu Z, Pu W. Abnormal Thalamocortical Circuit in Adolescents With Early-Onset Schizophrenia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:479-489. [PMID: 32791099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thalamic circuit imbalance characterized by increased sensorimotor-thalamic connectivity and decreased prefrontal-thalamic connectivity has been consistently observed in adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS), although it is unclear whether this pattern is also a feature of early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). If this is the case, thalamic circuit imbalance can be considered as a core mechanistic defect in schizophrenia, unconfounded by the age of onset. METHOD A total of 116 adolescents with EOS (63 drug-naive EOS) and 55 matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. To define the specific location of the thalamic subregions in thalamocortical circuit, 16 atlas-based thalamic subdivisions were used in functional connectivity analysis. RESULTS The EOS group showed increased sensorimotor-thalamic connectivity and decreased prefrontal-cerebello-thalamic connectivity, consistent with AOS. Sensorimotor-thalamic hyperconnectivity was more prominent than prefrontal-thalamic hypoconnectivity, which was circumscribed to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), in EOS. Of note, the EOS group specifically exhibited strengthened thalamic connectivity with the salience network (SN). In addition, the EOS showed a more prominent disruption of the lateral thalamic nuclear connectivity. CONCLUSION Thalamic dysconnectivity observed in the EOS extends the observations from adult patients. Sensorimotor-thalamic hyperconnectivity is critical for the expression of schizophrenia phenotype irrespective of the age of onset, raising the possibility of aberrant but accelerated functional network maturation in EOS. The specific thalamocortical dysconnectivity involving the SN and mPFC may underlie the distinctive features of multi-modal hallucinations and heightened emotional valence of psychosis seen in EOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqi Zhang
- Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; the Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, and the Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengjie Deng
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunzhi Pan
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zebin Fan
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjian Tan
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guowei Wu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weidan Pu
- Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; the Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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97
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Jacob MS, Roach BJ, Hamilton HK, Carrión RE, Belger A, Duncan E, Johannesen J, Keshavan M, Loo S, Niznikiewicz M, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Stone W, Tsuang M, Walker EF, Woods SW, Mathalon DH. Visual cortical plasticity and the risk for psychosis: An interim analysis of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. Schizophr Res 2021; 230:26-37. [PMID: 33667856 PMCID: PMC8328744 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence/early adulthood coincides with accelerated pruning of cortical synapses and the onset of schizophrenia. Cortical gray matter reduction and dysconnectivity in schizophrenia are hypothesized to result from impaired synaptic plasticity mechanisms, including long-term potentiation (LTP), since deficient LTP may result in too many weak synapses that are then subject to over-pruning. Deficient plasticity has already been observed in schizophrenia. Here, we assessed whether such deficits are present in the psychosis risk syndrome (PRS), particularly those who subsequently convert to full psychosis. METHODS An interim analysis was performed on a sub-sample from the NAPLS-3 study, including 46 healthy controls (HC) and 246 PRS participants. All participants performed an LTP-like visual cortical plasticity paradigm involving assessment of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited by vertical and horizontal line gratings before and after high frequency ("tetanizing") visual stimulation with one of the gratings to induce "input-specific" neuroplasticity (i.e., VEP changes specific to the tetanized stimulus). Non-parametric, cluster-based permutation testing was used to identify electrodes and timepoints that demonstrated input-specific plasticity effects. RESULTS Input-specific pre-post VEP changes (i.e., increased negative voltage) were found in a single spatio-temporal cluster covering multiple occipital electrodes in a 126-223 ms time window. This plasticity effect was deficient in PRS individuals who subsequently converted to psychosis, relative to PRS non-converters and HC. CONCLUSIONS Input-specific LTP-like visual plasticity can be measured from VEPs in adolescents and young adults. Interim analyses suggest that deficient visual cortical plasticity is evident in those PRS individuals at greatest risk for transition to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Jacob
- VA San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian J. Roach
- VA San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Holly K. Hamilton
- VA San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo E. Carrión
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erica Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Jason Johannesen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Loo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Niznikiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristin S. Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Barbara A. Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Thomas H. McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- VA San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Editorial: The Centrality of Both Hyper- and Hypo-thalamocortical Connectivity in Psychosis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:438-440. [PMID: 33545306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-standing hypotheses about schizophrenia as a "dysconnection" syndrome are consistent with the idea that mental illness arises in part from brain circuit disruptions, with impairments in cognition and behavior occurring because of a failure of coordinated action across multiple brain regions. One such theory, put forth by Andreasen and colleagues, suggested that schizophrenia involves a disruption in the integration of cortical-striatal-thalamic-cerebellar circuits.1 Anatomical work in primates has shown that the thalamus is topographically organized into parallel pathways connecting specific thalamic nuclei to different regions of cortex. The medial dorsal and anterior nuclei of the thalamus project to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), whereas the lateral nuclei project more to sensorimotor regions, with similar findings in functional brain connectivity studies in humans. A large body of evidence has shown reduced connectivity from bilateral thalamic regions, medial dorsal, and anterior nuclei in particular, to the bilateral dlPFC, dorsal anterior cingulate, parts of the striatum, and bilateral cerebellum in schizophrenia.2 This is often coupled increased connectivity between the thalamus, lateral nuclei in particular, and motor, visual, and/or auditory sensory regions.2.
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Ilzarbe D, Baeza I, de la Serna E, Fortea A, Valli I, Puig O, Masias M, Borras R, Pariente JC, Dolz M, Castro-Fornieles J, Sugranyes G. Theory of mind performance and prefrontal connectivity in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100940. [PMID: 33721828 PMCID: PMC7970321 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Onset of psychosis was linked to a lack of age-related improvement in theory of mind. Reduced prefrontal connectivity preceded onset of psychosis in high risk youth. High risk youth with lower prefrontal connectivity were at greatest risk of psychosis.
Theory of mind(ToM) impairment is a key feature of psychotic disorders and has been documented in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), suggesting that it may predate illness onset. However, no study to date has examined brain functional correlates of ToM in individuals at CHR during adolescence. The “Reading-the-Mind-in-the-Eyes” test was used to measure ToM performance in 50 CHR youth, 15 of whom transitioned to psychosis (CHR-t) at follow-up (12 ± 6 months) and 36 healthy volunteers. Resting-state functional MRI was acquired to evaluate functional connectivity within the default mode network. Group by age interaction revealed an age-positive association in ToM performance in healthy volunteers, which was not present in adolescents at CHR-t. Intrinsic functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex was reduced in adolescents at CHR-t relative to those who did not transition and to healthy volunteers. Survival analyses revealed that participants at CHR with lower medial prefrontal cortex connectivity were at greatest risk of developing psychosis at follow-up. We demonstrate that lack of age-related maturation of ToM and reduced medial prefrontal cortex connectivity both precede the onset of psychosis during adolescence. Medial prefrontal cortex connectivity holds potential as a brain-based marker for the early identification of transition to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ilzarbe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Fortea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Valli
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Puig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Masias
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borras
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Pariente
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Dolz
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Reduced cortical gyrification in the posteromedial cortex in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with high genetic loading. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 33649350 PMCID: PMC7921641 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although abnormal cortical gyrification has been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia, whether gyrification abnormalities reflect a genetic risk for the disorder remains unknown. This study investigated differences in cortical gyrification between unaffected relatives (URs) with high genetic loading for schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs) to identify potential genetic vulnerability markers. A total of 50 URs of schizophrenia patients and 50 matched HCs underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to compare whole-brain gyrification using the local gyrification index (lGI). Then, the lGI clusters showing significant differences were compared between the UR subgroups based on the number of first-degree relatives with schizophrenia to identify the effect of genetic loading on cortical gyrification changes. The URs exhibited significantly lower cortical gyrification than the HCs in clusters including medial parieto-occipital and cingulate regions comprising the bilateral precuneus, cuneus, pericalcarine, lingual, isthmus cingulate, and posterior cingulate gyri. Moreover, URs who had two or more first-degree relatives with schizophrenia showed greater gyrification reductions in these clusters than those who had at least one first-degree relative with schizophrenia. Our findings of reduced gyrification in URs, which are consistent with accumulated evidence of hypogyria observed in regions showing patient-control differences in previous studies, highlight that such hypogyria in posteromedial regions may serve as a genetic vulnerability marker and reflect early neurodevelopmental abnormalities resulting from a genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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