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Aldewachi H, Al-Zidan RN, Conner MT, Salman MM. High-Throughput Screening Platforms in the Discovery of Novel Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:30. [PMID: 33672148 PMCID: PMC7926814 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Identification of viable therapeutic targets and new treatments for CNS disorders and in particular, for NDDs is a major challenge in the field of drug discovery. These difficulties can be attributed to the diversity of cells involved, extreme complexity of the neural circuits, the limited capacity for tissue regeneration, and our incomplete understanding of the underlying pathological processes. Drug discovery is a complex and multidisciplinary process. The screening attrition rate in current drug discovery protocols mean that only one viable drug may arise from millions of screened compounds resulting in the need to improve discovery technologies and protocols to address the multiple causes of attrition. This has identified the need to screen larger libraries where the use of efficient high-throughput screening (HTS) becomes key in the discovery process. HTS can investigate hundreds of thousands of compounds per day. However, if fewer compounds could be screened without compromising the probability of success, the cost and time would be largely reduced. To that end, recent advances in computer-aided design, in silico libraries, and molecular docking software combined with the upscaling of cell-based platforms have evolved to improve screening efficiency with higher predictability and clinical applicability. We review, here, the increasing role of HTS in contemporary drug discovery processes, in particular for NDDs, and evaluate the criteria underlying its successful application. We also discuss the requirement of HTS for novel NDD therapies and examine the major current challenges in validating new drug targets and developing new treatments for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Aldewachi
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
- College of Pharmacy, Nineveh University, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Radhwan N. Al-Zidan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq;
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Matthew T. Conner
- School of Sciences, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK;
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
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Sivandzade F, Cucullo L. Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2153. [PMID: 33671500 PMCID: PMC7926761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases resulting from the progressive loss of structure and/or function of neurons contribute to different paralysis degrees and loss of cognition and sensation. The lack of successful curative therapies for neurodegenerative disorders leads to a considerable burden on society and a high economic impact. Over the past 20 years, regenerative cell therapy, also known as stem cell therapy, has provided an excellent opportunity to investigate potentially powerful innovative strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This is due to stem cells' capability to repair injured neuronal tissue by replacing the damaged or lost cells with differentiated cells, providing a conducive environment that is in favor of regeneration, or protecting the existing healthy neurons and glial cells from further damage. Thus, in this review, the various types of stem cells, the current knowledge of stem-cell-based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases, and the recent advances in this field are summarized. Indeed, a better understanding and further studies of stem cell technologies cause progress into realistic and efficacious treatments of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Ebrahimi T, Abasi M, Seifar F, Eyvazi S, Hejazi MS, Tarhriz V, Montazersaheb S. Transplantation of Stem Cells as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:133-144. [PMID: 32598273 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200628141314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are considered to have significant capacity to differentiate into various cell types in humans and animals. Unlike specialized cells, these cells can proliferate several times to produce millions of cells. Nowadays, pluripotent stem cells are important candidates to provide a renewable source for the replacement of cells in tissues of interest. The damage to neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal cord is present in neurological disorders such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, spinal cord injury, lysosomal storage disorder, epilepsy, and glioblastoma. Therefore, stem cell transplantation can be used as a novel therapeutic approach in cases of brain and spinal cord damage. Recently, researchers have generated neuron-like cells and glial-like cells from embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells. In addition, several experimental studies have been performed for developing stem cell transplantation in brain tissue. Herein, we focus on stem cell therapy to regenerate injured tissue resulting from neurological diseases and then discuss possible differentiation pathways of stem cells to the renewal of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ebrahimi
- Department of Biotechnology research center, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Abasi
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seifar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Aging Research institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammas Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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54
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Si Z, Wang X. Stem Cell Therapies in Alzheimer's Disease: Applications for Disease Modeling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:207-217. [PMID: 33558427 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with complex pathologic and biologic characteristics. Extracellular β-amyloid deposits, such as senile plaques, and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, such as neurofibrillary tangles, remain the main neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of AD. There is currently no effective treatment of the disease, and many clinical trials have failed to prove any benefits of new therapeutics. More recently, there has been increasing interest in harnessing the potential of stem cell technologies for drug discovery, disease modeling, and cell therapies, which have been used to study an array of human conditions, including AD. The recently developed and optimized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is a critical platform for screening anti-AD drugs and understanding mutations that modify AD. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been investigated as a new therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also exhibit considerable potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases by secreting growth factors and exosomes, attenuating neuroinflammation. This review highlights recent progress in stem cell research and the translational applications and challenges of iPSCs, NSCs, and MSCs as treatment strategies for AD. Even though these treatments are still in relative infancy, these developing stem cell technologies hold considerable promise to combat AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that results in learning and memory defects. Although some drugs have been approved for AD treatment, fewer than 20% of patients with AD benefit from these drugs. Therapies based on stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, provide promising therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Si
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China (Z.S.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.W.)
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China (Z.S.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.W.)
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Zhang L, Sun H, Chen Y, Wei M, Lee J, Li F, Ling D. Functional nanoassemblies for the diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1696. [PMID: 33463089 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects populations around the world. Many therapeutics have been investigated for AD diagnosis and/or therapy, but the efficacy is largely limited by the poor bioavailability of drugs and by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Recently, the development of nanomedicines enables efficient drug delivery to the brain, but the complex pathological mechanism of AD prevents them from successful treatment. As a type of advanced nanomedicine, multifunctional nanoassemblies self-assembled from nanoscale imaging or therapeutic agents can simultaneously target multiple pathological factors, showing great potential in the diagnosis and therapy of AD. To help readers better understand this emerging field, in this review, we first introduce the pathological mechanisms and the potential drug candidates of AD, as well as the design strategies of nanoassemblies for improving AD targeting efficiency. Moreover, the progress of dynamic nanoassemblies that can diagnose and/or treat AD in response to the endogenous or exogenous stimuli will be described. Finally, we conclude with our perspectives on the future development in this field. The objective of this review is to outline the latest progress of using nanoassemblies to overcome the complex pathological environment of AD for improved diagnosis and therapy, in hopes of accelerating the future development of intelligent AD nanomedicines. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Pacheco-Herrero M, Soto-Rojas LO, Reyes-Sabater H, Garcés-Ramirez L, de la Cruz López F, Villanueva-Fierro I, Luna-Muñoz J. Current Status and Challenges of Stem Cell Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:917-935. [PMID: 34633316 PMCID: PMC8673502 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson's disease, among others, are characterized by the pathological processing and accumulation of tau protein. AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by two lesions: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuritic plaques. The presence of NFTs in the hippocampus and neocortex in early and advanced stages, respectively, correlates with the patient's cognitive deterioration. So far, no drugs can prevent, decrease, or limit neuronal death due to abnormal pathological tau accumulation. Among potential non-pharmacological treatments, physical exercise has been shown to stimulate the development of stem cells (SCs) and may be useful in early stages. However, this does not prevent neuronal death from the massive accumulation of NFTs. In recent years, SCs therapies have emerged as a promising tool to repopulate areas involved in cognition in neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, protocols for SCs therapy are still being developed and the mechanism of action of such therapy remains unclear. In this review, we show the advances and limitations of SCs therapy. Finally, we provide a critical analysis of its clinical use for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Dominican Republic
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Heidy Reyes-Sabater
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Dominican Republic
| | - Linda Garcés-Ramirez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz López
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Depto de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM, State of Mexico, Mexico
- Banco Nacional de Cerebros-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Dominican Republic
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Zhang XM, Ouyang YJ, Yu BQ, Li W, Yu MY, Li JY, Jiao ZM, Yang D, Li N, Shi Y, Xu YY, He ZJ, Wang D, Yue H, Fu J. Therapeutic potential of dental pulp stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:893-898. [PMID: 33229725 PMCID: PMC8178760 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells are dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells that originate from the neural crest. They exhibit greater potential for the treatment of nervous system diseases than other types of stem cells because of their neurogenic differentiation capability and their ability to secrete multiple neurotrophic factors. Few studies have reported Alzheimer’s disease treatment using dental pulp stem cells. Rat models of Alzheimer’s disease were established by injecting amyloid-β1–42 into the hippocampus. Fourteen days later, 5 × 106 dental pulp stem cells were injected into the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assays showed that dental pulp stem cell transplantation increased the expression of neuron-related doublecortin, NeuN, and neurofilament 200 in the hippocampus, while the expression of amyloid-β was decreased. Moreover, cognitive and behavioral abilities were improved. These findings indicate that dental pulp stem cell transplantation in rats can improve cognitive function by regulating the secretion of neuron-related proteins, which indicates a potential therapeutic effect for Alzheimer’s disease. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Harbin Medical University, China (approval No. KY2017-132) on February 21, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuan-Jiao Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bing-Qian Yu
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mei-Yu Yu
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jin-Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Jiao
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yun-Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jun He
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hui Yue
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Kang YJ, Diep YN, Tran M, Cho H. Therapeutic Targeting Strategies for Early- to Late-Staged Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9591. [PMID: 33339351 PMCID: PMC7766709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, typically showing progressive neurodegeneration in aging brains. The key signatures of the AD progression are the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, the formation of tau tangles, and the induction of detrimental neuroinflammation leading to neuronal loss. However, conventional pharmacotherapeutic options are merely relying on the alleviation of symptoms that are limited to mild to moderate AD patients. Moreover, some of these medicines discontinued to use due to either the insignificant effectiveness in improving the cognitive impairment or the adverse side effects worsening essential bodily functions. One of the reasons for the failure is the lack of knowledge on the underlying mechanisms that can accurately explain the major causes of the AD progression correlating to the severity of AD. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the better understanding of AD pathogenesis and the development of the disease-modifying treatments, particularly for severe and late-onset AD, which have not been covered thoroughly. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of AD progression, which have been employed for the currently established therapeutic strategies. We believe this will further spur the discovery of a novel disease-modifying treatment for mild to severe, as well as early- to late-onset, AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Yen N. Diep
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (Y.N.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Minh Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (Y.N.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (Y.N.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
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Luciani M, Gritti A, Meneghini V. Human iPSC-Based Models for the Development of Therapeutics Targeting Neurodegenerative Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:224. [PMID: 33062642 PMCID: PMC7530250 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare genetic conditions. The absence or deficiency of lysosomal proteins leads to excessive storage of undigested materials and drives secondary pathological mechanisms including autophagy, calcium homeostasis, ER stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities. A large number of LSDs display mild to severe central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Animal disease models and post-mortem tissues partially recapitulate the disease or represent the final stage of CNS pathology, respectively. In the last decades, human models based on induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been extensively applied to investigate LSD pathology in several tissues and organs, including the CNS. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) derived from patient-specific hiPSCs (hiPS-NSCs) are a promising tool to define the effects of the pathological storage on neurodevelopment, survival and function of neurons and glial cells in neurodegenerative LSDs. Additionally, the development of novel 2D co-culture systems and 3D hiPSC-based models is fostering the investigation of neuron-glia functional and dysfunctional interactions, also contributing to define the role of neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of the disease, with important implications in terms of timing and efficacy of treatments. Here, we discuss the advantages and limits of the application of hiPS-NSC-based models in the study and treatment of CNS pathology in different LSDs. Additionally, we review the state-of-the-art and the prospective applications of NSC-based therapy, highlighting the potential exploitation of hiPS-NSCs for gene and cell therapy approaches in the treatment of neurodegenerative LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Luciani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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60
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Park BN, Kim JH, Lim TS, Park SH, Kim TG, Yoon BS, Son KS, Yoon JK, An YS. Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease evaluated by β-amyloid positron emission tomography imaging. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:883-891. [PMID: 32436738 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420917467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a model of Alzheimer's disease using serial [18F]Florbetaben positron emission tomography. METHODS 3xTg Alzheimer's disease mice were treated with intravenously injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and animals without stem cell therapy were used as controls. Serial [18F]Florbetaben positron emission tomography was performed after therapy. The standardized uptake value ratio was measured as the cortex standardized uptake value divided by the cerebellum standardized uptake value. Memory function and histological changes were observed using the Barnes maze test and β-amyloid-reactive cells. RESULTS Standardized uptake value ratio decreased significantly from day 14 after stem cell administration in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells-treated group (n = 28). In contrast, there was no change in the ratio in control mice (n = 25) at any time point. In addition, mice that received bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy also exhibited significantly better memory function and less β-amyloid-immunopositive plaques compared to controls. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of intravenously injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease was confirmed by β-amyloid positron emission tomography imaging, memory functional studies and histopathological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Nam Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Lim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bok Seon Yoon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Keoung Sun Son
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Kee Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young-Sil An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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61
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Liu XY, Yang LP, Zhao L. Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:787-802. [PMID: 32952859 PMCID: PMC7477654 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. It is caused by synaptic failure and excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins. To date, almost all advanced clinical trials on specific AD-related pathways have failed mostly due to a large number of neurons lost in the brain of patients with AD. Also, currently available drug candidates intervene too late. Stem cells have improved characteristics of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and recombination with the advent of stem cell technology and the transformation of these cells into different types of central nervous system neurons and glial cells. Stem cell treatment has been successful in AD animal models. Recent preclinical studies on stem cell therapy for AD have proved to be promising. Cell replacement therapies, such as human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells, have the potential to treat patients with AD, and human clinical trials are ongoing in this regard. However, many steps still need to be taken before stem cell therapy becomes a clinically feasible treatment for human AD and related diseases. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of AD and the application prospects of related stem cells based on cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lin-Po Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
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62
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McGinley LM, Willsey MS, Kashlan ON, Chen KS, Hayes JM, Bergin IL, Mason SN, Stebbins AW, Kwentus JF, Pacut C, Kollmer J, Sakowski SA, Bell CB, Chestek CA, Murphy GG, Patil PG, Feldman EL. Magnetic resonance imaging of human neural stem cells in rodent and primate brain. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:83-97. [PMID: 32841522 PMCID: PMC7780819 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation therapies are currently under investigation for central nervous system disorders. Although preclinical models show benefit, clinical translation is somewhat limited by the absence of reliable noninvasive methods to confirm targeting and monitor transplanted cells in vivo. Here, we assess a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent derived from magnetotactic bacteria, magneto‐endosymbionts (MEs), as a translatable methodology for in vivo tracking of stem cells after intracranial transplantation. We show that ME labeling provides robust MRI contrast without impairment of cell viability or other important therapeutic features. Labeled cells were visualized immediately post‐transplantation and over time by serial MRI in nonhuman primate and mouse brain. Postmortem tissue analysis confirmed on‐target grft location, and linear correlations were observed between MRI signal, cell engraftment, and tissue ME levels, suggesting that MEs may be useful for determining graft survival or rejection. Overall, these findings indicate that MEs are an effective tool for in vivo tracking and monitoring of cell transplantation therapies with potential relevance to many cellular therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M McGinley
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew S Willsey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Osama N Kashlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin S Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John M Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ingrid L Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shayna N Mason
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron W Stebbins
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Crystal Pacut
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Kollmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Caleb B Bell
- Bell Biosystems, San Francisco, California, USA.,G4S Capital & Ikigai Accelerator, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience and Robotics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Parag G Patil
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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63
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Qin Y, An D, Xu W, Qi X, Wang X, Chen L, Chen L, Sha S. Estradiol Replacement at the Critical Period Protects Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells to Improve Cognition in APP/PS1 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:240. [PMID: 32903757 PMCID: PMC7438824 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that there is a critical window for estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, supporting evidence is lacking. To address this issue, we investigated the effective period for estradiol (E2) treatment using a mouse model of AD. Four-month-old female APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with E2 for 2 months starting at the age of 4 months (early period), 6 months (mid-period), or 8 months (late period). We then evaluated hippocampal neurogenesis, β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, telomerase activity, and hippocampal-dependent behavior. Compared to age-matched wild type mice, APP/PS1 mice with intact ovaries showed increased proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) at 8 months of age and decreased proliferation of NSCs at 10 months of age; meanwhile, Aβ accumulation progressively increased with age, paralleling the reduced survival of immature neurons. OVX-induced depletion of E2 in APP/PS1 mice resulted in elevated Aβ levels accompanied by elevated p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) expression and increased NSC proliferation at 6 months of age, which subsequently declined; accelerated reduction of immature neurons starting from 6 months of age, and reduced telomerase activity and worsened memory performance at 10 months of age. Treatment with E2 in the early period post-OVX, rather than in the mid or late period, abrogated these effects, and p75NTR inhibition reduced the overproliferation of NSCs in 6-month-old OVX-APP/PS1 mice. Thus, E2 deficiency in young APP/PS1 mice exacerbates cognitive deficits and depletes the hippocampal NSC pool in later life; this can be alleviated by E2 treatment in the early period following OVX, which prevents Aβ/p75NTR-induced NSC overproliferation and preserves telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Qin
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong An
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Xu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuting Qi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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64
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Rezaei-Tazangi F, Alidadi H, Samimi A, Karimi S, Kahorsandi L. Effects of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells-derived secretome on colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101413. [PMID: 32835945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Secreted factors (secretome) of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) have therapeutic impacts. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of WJMSCs-derived secretome (WJMSCs-Se) in apoptosis and the growth of HT-29 cells. HT-29 cells treated with 25 or 50 μg/mL WJMSCs-Se for 24 h. Colony formation and MTT test was used to assess the proliferation and cytotoxicity of the HT-29 cells. Annexin V/PI staining was done for the assessment of apoptosis. The mRNA expression of important apoptosis-related genes was also examined. In the WJMSCs-Se-treated HT-29 cells, colony numbers and viability percentages were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Apoptotic and necrotic indexes of WJMSCs-Se-treated HT-29 cells considerably enhanced in comparison to the control. The Caspase-9 and -3 activities were significantly increased in the WJMSCs-Se-exposed HT-29 cells. The mRNA expression of Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and Bax/ Bcl-2 ratio was considerably elevated in the WJMSCs-Se-treated HT-29 cells. Caspase-8 activity and expression of the p53 gene were not affected by the WJMSCs-Se. Taken together, we concluded that WJSCs-Se significantly prevented cell growth and enhanced colon cancer cell death in a concentration-dependent manner mainly through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadis Alidadi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azin Samimi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Karimi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Layasadat Kahorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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65
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Chen C, Xu D, Zhang ZH, Jia SZ, Cao XC, Chen YB, Song GL, Wong MS, Li HW. Cognitive improvement and synaptic deficit attenuation by a multifunctional carbazole-based cyanine in AD mice model through regulation of Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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66
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Ben-Hur T, Fainstein N. Brain precursor cells' failure in neurodegeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 10:2539-2540. [PMID: 30341977 PMCID: PMC6224232 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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67
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Zhang FQ, Jiang JL, Zhang JT, Niu H, Fu XQ, Zeng LL. Current status and future prospects of stem cell therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:242-250. [PMID: 31552889 PMCID: PMC6905342 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current treatment approaches using drugs only alleviate the symptoms without curing the disease, which is a serious issue and influences the quality of life of the patients and their caregivers. In recent years, stem cell technology has provided new insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, the main sources of stem cells include neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and general treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and the current state of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We also assess future challenges in the clinical application and drug development of stem cell transplantation as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qiang Zhang
- Scientific Research Centre of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jin-Lan Jiang
- Scientific Research Centre of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing-Tian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Han Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Qi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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68
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Hayashi Y, Lin HT, Lee CC, Tsai KJ. Effects of neural stem cell transplantation in Alzheimer's disease models. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:29. [PMID: 31987051 PMCID: PMC6986162 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-0622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are no therapies for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can effectively halt disease progression. Existing drugs such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or NMDA receptor antagonists offers only symptomatic benefit. More recently, transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, has been investigated as a new therapeutic approach. Transplanted cells have the potential to replace damaged neural circuitry and secrete neurotrophic factors to counter symptomatic deterioration or to alter lesion protein levels. However, since there are animal models that can recapitulate AD in its entirety, it is challenging to precisely characterize the positive effects of transplanting NSCs. In the present review, we discuss the types of mouse modeling system that are available and the effect in each model after human-derived NSC (hNSC) or murine-derived NSC (mNSC) transplantation. Taken together, results from studies involving NSC transplantation in AD models indicate that this strategy could serve as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Hayashi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ting Lin
- Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cheng-Che Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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69
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Schneider F, Horowitz A, Lesch KP, Dandekar T. Delaying memory decline: different options and emerging solutions. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:13. [PMID: 32066684 PMCID: PMC7026464 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory decline can be a devastating disease and increases in aging Western populations. Memory enhancement technologies hold promise for this and other conditions. Approaches include stem cell transplantation, which improved memory in several animal studies as well as vaccination against Alzheimer´s disease (AD) by β-amyloid antibodies. For a positive clinical effect, the vaccine should probably be administered over a long period of time and before amyloid pathologies manifest in the brain. Different drugs, such as erythropoietin or antiplatelet therapy, improve memory in neuropsychiatric diseases or AD or at least in animal studies. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diets improve memory through the gut-brain axis by altering the gut flora through probiotics. Sports, dancing, and memory techniques (e.g., Method of Loci) utilize behavioral approaches for memory enhancement, and were effective in several studies. Augmented reality (AR) is an auspicious way for enhancing memory in real time. Future approaches may include memory prosthesis for head-injured patients and light therapy for restoring memory in AD. Memory enhancement in humans in health and disease holds big promises for the future. Memory training helps only in mild or no impairment. Clinical application requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Schneider
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alan Horowitz
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,EMBL, Computational Biology and Structures Program, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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70
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease caused by eventually aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) plaques in degenerating neurons of the aging brain. These aggregated protein plaques mainly consist of Aβ fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of phosphorylated tau protein. Even though some cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonist, and monoclonal antibodies were developed to inhibit neurodegeneration or activate neural regeneration or clear off the Aβ deposits, none of the treatment is effective in improving the cognitive and memory dysfunctions of the AD patients. Thus, stem cell therapy represents a powerful tool for the treatment of AD. In addition to discussing the advents in molecular pathogenesis and animal models of this disease and the treatment approaches using small molecules and immunoglobulins against AD, we will focus on the stem cell sources for AD using neural stem cells (NSCs); embryonic stem cells (ESCs); and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, umbilical cord, and umbilical cord blood. In particular, patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are proposed as a future prospective and the challenges for the treatment of AD.
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71
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Han F, Liu C, Huang J, Chen J, Wei C, Geng X, Liu Y, Han D, Li M. The application of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2096595819896178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease which is mainly caused by aggregated protein plaques in degenerating neurons of the brain. These aggregated protein plaques are mainly consisting of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of phosphorylated tau protein. Even though the transgenic murine models can recapitulate some of the AD phenotypes, they are not the human cell models of AD. Recent breakthrough in somatic cell reprogramming made it available to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for patientspecific disease modeling and autologous transplantation therapy. Human iPSCs provide alternative ways to obtain specific human brain cells of AD patients to study the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for familial and sporadic forms of AD. After differentiation into neuronal cells, iPSCs have enabled the investigation of the complex aetiology and timescale over which AD develops in human brain. Here, we first go over the pathological process of and transgenic models of AD. Then we discuss the application of iPSC for disease model and cell transplantation. At last the challenges and future applications of iPSCs for AD will be summarized to propose cell-based approaches for the treatment of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Han
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
- The Translational Research Lab for Stem Cells and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- The Translational Research Lab for Stem Cells and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, The Fourth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chuanfei Wei
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Xiwen Geng
- The Translational Research Lab for Stem Cells and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Yanming Liu
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Dong Han
- Shandong Molecular Diagnostics & Cell Therapeutic Biotechnology Corporation, Ji’nan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Mengpeng Li
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
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72
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Zhang T, Ke W, Zhou X, Qian Y, Feng S, Wang R, Cui G, Tao R, Guo W, Duan Y, Zhang X, Cao X, Shu Y, Yue C, Jing N. Human Neural Stem Cells Reinforce Hippocampal Synaptic Network and Rescue Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:1022-1037. [PMID: 31761676 PMCID: PMC6915849 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory impairments in its earliest clinical phase. The synaptic loss and dysfunction leading to failures of synaptic networks in AD brain directly cause cognitive deficits of patient. However, it remains unclear whether the synaptic networks in AD brain could be repaired. In this study, we generated functional human induced neural progenitor/stem cells (iNPCs) that had been transplanted into the hippocampus of immunodeficient wild-type and AD mice. The grafted human iNPCs efficiently differentiated into neurons that displayed long-term survival, progressively acquired mature membrane properties, formed graft-host synaptic connections with mouse neurons and functionally integrated into local synaptic circuits, which eventually reinforced and repaired the neural networks of host hippocampus. Consequently, AD mice with human iNPCs exhibited enhanced synaptic plasticity and improved cognitive abilities. Together, our results suggest that restoring synaptic failures by stem cells might provide new directions for the development of novel treatments for human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Su Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guizhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanhong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunmei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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73
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Boese AC, Hamblin MH, Lee JP. Neural stem cell therapy for neurovascular injury in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113112. [PMID: 31730762 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration leading to severe cognitive decline and eventual death. AD pathophysiology is complex, but neurotoxic accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of Tau are believed to be main drivers of neurodegeneration in AD. The formation and deposition of Aβ plaques occurs in the brain parenchyma as well as in the cerebral vasculature. Thus, proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebrovascular functioning are crucial for clearance of Aβ from the brain, and neurovascular dysfunction may be a critical component of AD development. Further, neuroinflammation and dysfunction of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neurorestorative capabilities play a role in AD pathophysiology. Currently, there is no effective treatment to prevent or restore loss of brain tissue and cognitive decline in patients with AD. Based on multifactorial and complex pathophysiological cascades in multiple Alzheimer's disease stages, effective AD therapies need to focus on targeting early AD pathology and preserving cerebrovascular function. Neural stem cells (NSCs) participate extensively in mammalian brain homeostasis and repair and exhibit pleiotropic intrinsic properties that likely make them attractive candidates for the treatment of AD. In the review, we summarize the current advances in knowledge regarding neurovascular aspects of AD-related neurodegeneration and discuss multiple actions of NSCs from preclinical studies of AD to evaluate their potential for future clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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74
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Regulatory roles of the miR-200 family in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109409. [PMID: 31518873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic and progressive disorders which are not effectively treated through adopting conventional therapies. For this unmet medical need, alternative therapeutic methods including gene-based therapies are emphasized. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, dysregulated miRNAs have been indicated to be implicated in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases. They are investigated as candidates for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets. The miR-200 family consists of miR-200a, -200b, -200c, -141, and -429. Numerous studies have found that miR-200 family members are associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. It is reported that miR-200 family members are aberrantly expressed in several neurodegenerative diseases, participating in various cellular processes including beta-amyloid (Aβ) secretion, alpha-synuclein aggregation and DNA repair, etc. In the present review, we summarize the recent progress in the roles of miR-200 family in neurodegenerative diseases.
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75
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Neurodegeneration and Neuro-Regeneration-Alzheimer's Disease and Stem Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174272. [PMID: 31480448 PMCID: PMC6747457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes many changes in the human body, and is a high risk for various diseases. Dementia, a common age-related disease, is a clinical disorder triggered by neurodegeneration. Brain damage caused by neuronal death leads to cognitive decline, memory loss, learning inabilities and mood changes. Numerous disease conditions may cause dementia; however, the most common one is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a futile and yet untreatable illness. Adult neurogenesis carries the potential of brain self-repair by an endogenous formation of newly-born neurons in the adult brain; however it also declines with age. Strategies to improve the symptoms of aging and age-related diseases have included different means to stimulate neurogenesis, both pharmacologically and naturally. Finally, the regulatory mechanisms of stem cells neurogenesis or a functional integration of newborn neurons have been explored to provide the basis for grafted stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide an overview of AD pathology of different neural and glial cell types and summarizes current strategies of experimental stem cell treatments and their putative future use in clinical settings.
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76
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Ma Y, Li C, Huang Y, Wang Y, Xia X, Zheng JC. Exosomes released from neural progenitor cells and induced neural progenitor cells regulate neurogenesis through miR-21a. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:96. [PMID: 31419975 PMCID: PMC6698014 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) are known to have potent therapeutic effects in neurological disorders through secreting exosomes. The limited numbers of NPCs in adult brain and the decline of NPC pool in many neurological disorders restrain the further use of exosomes in treating these diseases. The direct conversion of somatic cells into induced NPCs (iNPCs) provides abundant NPC-like cells to study the therapeutic effects of NPCs-originated exosomes (EXOs). Our recent study demonstrated that iNPCs-derived exosomes (iEXOs) exhibit distinct potential in facilitating the proliferation of NPCs, compared to EXOs, indicating the importance to investigate the effects of EXOs and iEXOs on the differentiation of NPCs, which remains unknown. Here, our results suggest that EXOs, but not iEXOs, promoted neuronal differentiation and neither of them had effect on glial generation. Microarray analysis revealed different miRNA signatures in EXOs and iEXOs, in which miR-21a was highly enriched in EXOs. Perturbation of function assay demonstrated the key roles of miR-21a in the generation of neurons and mediating the neurogenic potential of exosomes. Our data suggest that EXOs and iEXOs may achieve their therapeutic effects in promoting neurogenesis through transferring key miRNAs, which sheds light on the development of highly efficient cell-free therapeutic strategies for treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Ma
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yunlong Huang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5930, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5930, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5930, USA.
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77
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Neuro-regeneration Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Dementia: Perspectives on Neurotrophic Activity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:655-668. [PMID: 31402121 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading disorder of memory impairment in our aging population, is increasing at an alarming rate. AD is currently identified by three 'gold standard criteria': (i) dementia in life, (ii) amyloid plaques at autopsy, and (iii) neurofibrillary tangles at autopsy. Several autopsy studies have indicated that dementia in life is a consequence of lost synaptic networks in the brain, while many clinical trials targeting neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) have consistently failed to produce therapeutic effects on memory function in AD patients. Restoring cognitive function(s) by activating endogenous repairing/regenerating mechanisms that are synaptogenic and antiapoptotic (preventing neuronal death), however, is emerging as a necessary disease-modifying therapeutic strategy against AD and possibly for other degenerative dementias, such as Parkinson's disease and multi-infarct dementia.
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78
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Nair RR, Corrochano S, Gasco S, Tibbit C, Thompson D, Maduro C, Ali Z, Fratta P, Arozena AA, Cunningham TJ, Fisher EMC. Uses for humanised mouse models in precision medicine for neurodegenerative disease. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:173-191. [PMID: 31203387 PMCID: PMC6759662 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease encompasses a wide range of disorders afflicting the central and peripheral nervous systems and is a major unmet biomedical need of our time. There are very limited treatments, and no cures, for most of these diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington Disease, and Motor Neuron Diseases. Mouse and other animal models provide hope by analysing them to understand pathogenic mechanisms, to identify drug targets, and to develop gene therapies and stem cell therapies. However, despite many decades of research, virtually no new treatments have reached the clinic. Increasingly, it is apparent that human heterogeneity within clinically defined neurodegenerative disorders, and between patients with the same genetic mutations, significantly impacts disease presentation and, potentially, therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, stratifying patients according to genetics, lifestyle, disease presentation, ethnicity, and other parameters may hold the key to bringing effective therapies from the bench to the clinic. Here, we discuss genetic and cellular humanised mouse models, and how they help in defining the genetic and environmental parameters associated with neurodegenerative disease, and so help in developing effective precision medicine strategies for future healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya R Nair
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Silvia Corrochano
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Samanta Gasco
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Charlotte Tibbit
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - David Thompson
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Cheryl Maduro
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Zeinab Ali
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Abraham Acevedo Arozena
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario de Canarias, FUNCANIS, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas ULL, and CIBERNED, La Laguna, 38320, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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79
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Vissers C, Ming GL, Song H. Nanoparticle technology and stem cell therapy team up against neurodegenerative disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:239-251. [PMID: 30797953 PMCID: PMC6703981 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of nanoparticles and stem cell therapy holds great promise for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers aim to harness the power of nanoparticles to regulate cellular microenvironment, improve the efficiency of cell and drug delivery to the brain, and enhance the survival of stem cell transplants. Understanding the various properties of different nanoparticles is key to applying them to clinical therapies; the many distinct types of nanoparticles offer unique capacities for medical imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegeneration disorders. In this review we introduce the biology of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and discuss the potentials and shortcomings of metal, silica, lipid-based, polymeric, and hydrogel nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. We then provide an overview of current strategies in stem cell therapies and how they can be combined with nanotechnology to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vissers
- The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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80
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Nasiri E, Alizadeh A, Roushandeh AM, Gazor R, Hashemi-Firouzi N, Golipoor Z. Melatonin-pretreated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells efficeintly improved learning, memory, and cognition in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1131-1143. [PMID: 31129766 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based therapy has extensive attraction for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, low survival rate of MSCs after transplantation is a huge challenging. The current study aimed to improve adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs)-based therapy by their pre-treatment with melatonin (MT) 'a well-known antioxidant' in an animal model of AD. In this study, after isolating rat AD-MSCs from the epididymal white adipose tissues, the cells were pretreated with 5μM of MT for 24 hours. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to control, sham, amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, AD-MSCs and MT-pretreated ADMSCs groups. The novel object recognition, passive avoidance test, Morris water maze and open field test were performed two months following the cell transplantation. The rats were sacrificed 69 days following cell therapy. The brain tissues were removed for histopathological analysis and also immunohistochemistry was performed for two Aβ1-42 and Iba1 proteins. It has been revealed that both AD-MSCs and MT-AD-MSCs migrated to brain tissues after intravenous transplantation. However, MT-ADMSCs significantly improved learning, memory and cognition compared with AD-MSCs (P<0.05). Furthermore, clearance of Aβ deposition and reduction of microglial cells were significantly increased in the MT-ADMSCs compared with AD-MSCs. Although stem cell therapy has been introduced as a promising strategy in neurodegenerative diseases, however, its therapeutic properties are limited. It is suggested that pretreatment of MSCs with melatonin partly would increase the cells efficiency and consequently could decrease AD complication including memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Nasiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Rouhollah Gazor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Zoleikha Golipoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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81
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Martini AC, Forner S, Trujillo-Estrada L, Baglietto-Vargas D, LaFerla FM. Past to Future: What Animal Models Have Taught Us About Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S365-S378. [PMID: 29504540 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs memory and causes significant cognitive deficits. The disease course is prolonged, with a poor prognosis, and thus exacts an enormous economic and social burden. Over the past two decades, genetically engineered mouse models have proven indispensable for understanding AD pathogenesis, as well as for discovering new therapeutic targets. Here we highlight significant studies from our laboratory that have helped advance the AD field by elucidating key pathogenic processes operative in AD and exploring a variety of aspects of the disease which may yield novel therapeutic strategies for combatting this burdensome disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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82
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Hawkins KE, Duchen M. Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:236-253. [PMID: 31171953 PMCID: PMC6545525 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i5.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSC models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSC-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Elizabeth Hawkins
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Duchen
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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83
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Lee IC, Wu HJ, Liu HL. Dual-Frequency Ultrasound Induces Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Growth Factor Utilization by Enhancing Stable Cavitation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1452-1461. [PMID: 30608667 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have the potential to serve as the basic materials for treating severe neural diseases and injuries. Ultrasound exposure is an effective therapy for nonunion fractures and healing fresh wounds through an easy and noninvasive application. According to the results of our preliminary study, low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) promotes the attachment and differentiation of NSPCs. However, the parameters of and mechanisms by which LIUS induces NSPC differentiation remain unclear. To the best of our knowledge, no published studies have reported and compared the biological effects of dual-frequency and single-frequency LIUS on NSPCs. The purpose of this study is to systematically compare several LIUS parameters, including single-frequency, single-transducer dual-frequency ultrasound, burst, and continuous cycling stimulation at several intensities. Furthermore, synergistic effects of single-/dual-frequency LIUS combined with neural growth factor addition on NSPCs were also evaluated. Based on the results of the cytotoxicity assay, low-intensity (40 kPa) ultrasound does not damage NSPCs compared with that observed in the control group. The morphology and immunostaining results show that all experimental groups exposed to ultrasound exhibit neurite outgrowth and NSPC differentiation. In particular, dual-frequency ultrasound promotes NSPCs differentiation to a greater extent than single-frequency ultrasound. In addition, more complicated and denser neural networks are observed in the dual-frequency group. Neural growth factor addition increased the percentage of neurons formed, particularly in the groups stimulated with ultrasound. Among these groups, the dual-frequency group exhibited significant differences in the percentage of differentiated neurons compared with the single-frequency group. This study may the first to prove that dual-frequency LIUS exposure further enhances NSPC differentiation and the utilization of growth factors than single-frequency LIUS. Moreover, the result also revealed that dual-frequency ultrasound generated higher calcium ion influx and extended the channel opening time. A potential explanation is that dual-frequency ultrasound generates more stable cavitation than single-frequency LIUS, which may stimulate cell membrane mechanochannels and enhance calcium ion influx but does not damage them. This in vitro study may serve as a useful alternative for ultrasound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neurosurgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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84
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Lessons Learned from Pioneering Neural Stem Cell Studies. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 8:191-193. [PMID: 28199825 PMCID: PMC5312267 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As stem cell products are increasingly entering early stage clinical trials, we are learning from experience about how cell products may be best assessed for safety and efficacy. In two papers published in this issue of Stem Cell Reports, a human neural stem cell product, HuCNS-SC, failed to demonstrate efficacy in central nervous system repair in two different animal models (Anderson et al., 2017, Marsh et al., 2017), although closely related research-grade cell products showed evidence of efficacy. This indicates the need for increased cell characterization to determine comparability of lots proposed for pre-clinical and clinical use. Without such improvements, pre-clinical data supporting a clinical study might not adequately reflect the performance of subsequent batches of cells intended for use in patients. Failure of clinical versus research-grade neural stem cell lots in preclinical models Could improved comparability and potency assays reduce negative clinical results? Should patients and clinicians be given cell-line specific information for trials? Potential role for increased peer-review during regulatory approval process
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85
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Han F, Liu C, Huang J, Chen J, Wei C, Geng X, Liu Y, Han D, Li M. The application of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2019.9050003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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86
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stem cell therapy has the potential to modify the disease of Alzheimer's disease. This article aims to describe the mechanisms of action, preclinical animal studies, human clinical trials, and challenges for the future direction of stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cells of diverse origins (embryonic, placental or umbilical cord blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells) and cell types (neural and mesenchymal stem cells) are widely studied in both animals and humans. SUMMARY In terms of mechanism of actions, recent research focused on the interplay between amyloid-beta Aβ (and tau), neurons, and glia. Stem cells can induce direct regeneration of neurons and synapses. They can also prevent activation of pro-inflammatory microglia, promote activation of anti-inflammatory microglia, inhibit astrogliosis, and promote nonreactive astrocytes. These effects in return may increase amyloid-beta (Aβ) degradation, decrease the risk of the Aβ cascade, repair injured neurons, and enhance synaptogenesis. Two completed and nine ongoing clinical trials using diverse stem cells and administration methods (intravenous, subcutaneous, and intra-cranial) were found for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Although stem cell therapy shows great potential to become a prospective treatment for Alzheimer's disease in the future, these studies are still in their early stages and more studies showing safety and efficacy are needed.
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87
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Martini F, Rosa SG, Klann IP, Fulco BCW, Carvalho FB, Rahmeier FL, Fernandes MC, Nogueira CW. A multifunctional compound ebselen reverses memory impairment, apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 109:107-117. [PMID: 30521994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer 's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline including memory impairment, cortical dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. The drug discovery to treat AD consists to develop compounds able to act in multiple molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and the repositioning of old drugs for new application. This way, the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) has been used as a metabolic model of sporadic AD. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ebselen (1-10 mg/kg), a multifunctional selenoorganic compound, ameliorates memory impairment, hippocampal oxidative stress, apoptosis and cell proliferation in a mouse model of sporadic AD induced by icv STZ (3 mg/kg, 1 μl/min). The administration of ebselen (10 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed memory impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress, by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the level of a non-enzymatic antioxidant defense, in Swiss mice administered with icv STZ. The anti-apoptotic property of ebselen was demonstrated by its effectiveness against the increase in the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved PARP/PARP and the cleaved caspase-3 levels in the hippocampus of icv STZ mice. Although ebselen reversed memory impairment, it was ineffective against the reduction in the number of BrdU positive cells induced by icv STZ. In conclusion, the multifunctional selenoorganic compound ebselen was effective to reverse memory impairment, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse model of sporadic AD induced by icv STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Martini
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suzan Gonçalves Rosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isabella Pregardier Klann
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cruz Weber Fulco
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francine Luciano Rahmeier
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilda Cruz Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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88
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Crane AT, Voth JP, Shen FX, Low WC. Concise Review: Human-Animal Neurological Chimeras: Humanized Animals or Human Cells in an Animal? Stem Cells 2019; 37:444-452. [PMID: 30629789 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blastocyst complementation is an emerging methodology in which human stem cells are transferred into genetically engineered preimplantation animal embryos eventually giving rise to fully developed human tissues and organs within the animal host for use in regenerative medicine. The ethical issues surrounding this method have caused the National Institutes of Health to issue a moratorium on funding for blastocyst complementation citing the potential for human cells to substantially contribute to the brain of the chimeric animal. To address this concern, we performed an in-depth review of the neural transplantation literature to determine how the integration of human cells into the nonhuman neural circuitry has altered the behavior of the host. Despite reports of widespread integration of human cell transplants, our review of 150 transplantation studies found no evidence suggestive of humanization of the animal host, and we thus conclude that, at present, concerns over humanization should not prevent research on blastocyst complementation to continue. We suggest proceeding in a controlled and transparent manner, however, and include recommendations for future research with careful consideration for how human cells may contribute to the animal host nervous system. Stem Cells 2019;37:444-452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Crane
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Minnesota Craniofacial Research Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph P Voth
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Francis X Shen
- University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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89
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Beyer F, Samper Agrelo I, Küry P. Do Neural Stem Cells Have a Choice? Heterogenic Outcome of Cell Fate Acquisition in Different Injury Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020455. [PMID: 30669690 PMCID: PMC6359747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is generally considered as repair restricted organ with limited capacities to regenerate lost cells and to successfully integrate them into damaged nerve tracts. Despite the presence of endogenous immature cell types that can be activated upon injury or in disease cell replacement generally remains insufficient, undirected, or lost cell types are not properly generated. This limitation also accounts for the myelin repair capacity that still constitutes the default regenerative activity at least in inflammatory demyelinating conditions. Ever since the discovery of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) residing within specific niches of the adult brain, as well as the description of procedures to either isolate and propagate or artificially induce NSCs from various origins ex vivo, the field has been rejuvenated. Various sources of NSCs have been investigated and applied in current neuropathological paradigms aiming at the replacement of lost cells and the restoration of functionality based on successful integration. Whereas directing and supporting stem cells residing in brain niches constitutes one possible approach many investigations addressed their potential upon transplantation. Given the heterogeneity of these studies related to the nature of grafted cells, the local CNS environment, and applied implantation procedures we here set out to review and compare their applied protocols in order to evaluate rate-limiting parameters. Based on our compilation, we conclude that in healthy CNS tissue region specific cues dominate cell fate decisions. However, although increasing evidence points to the capacity of transplanted NSCs to reflect the regenerative need of an injury environment, a still heterogenic picture emerges when analyzing transplantation outcomes in injury or disease models. These are likely due to methodological differences despite preserved injury environments. Based on this meta-analysis, we suggest future NSC transplantation experiments to be conducted in a more comparable way to previous studies and that subsequent analyses must emphasize regional heterogeneity such as accounting for differences in gray versus white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Iria Samper Agrelo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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90
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Marques BL, Carvalho GA, Freitas EMM, Chiareli RA, Barbosa TG, Di Araújo AGP, Nogueira YL, Ribeiro RI, Parreira RC, Vieira MS, Resende RR, Gomez RS, Oliveira-Lima OC, Pinto MCX. The role of neurogenesis in neurorepair after ischemic stroke. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:98-110. [PMID: 30550812 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke consists of an abrupt reduction of cerebral blood flow resulting in hypoxia that triggers an excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. After the ischemic process, neural precursor cells present in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus proliferate and migrate towards the lesion, contributing to the brain repair. The neurogenesis is induced by signal transduction pathways, growth factors, attractive factors for neuroblasts, transcription factors, pro and anti-inflammatory mediators and specific neurotransmissions. However, this endogenous neurogenesis occurs slowly and does not allow a complete restoration of brain function. Despite that, understanding the mechanisms of neurogenesis could improve the therapeutic strategies for brain repair. This review presents the current knowledge about brain repair process after stroke and the perspectives regarding the development of promising therapies that aim to improve neurogenesis and its potential to form new neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Marques
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Carvalho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Elis M M Freitas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Raphaela A Chiareli
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thiago G Barbosa
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Armani G P Di Araújo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Yanley L Nogueira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Raul I Ribeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Parreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato S Gomez
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Onésia C Oliveira-Lima
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Mauro C X Pinto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
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91
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Alipour M, Nabavi SM, Arab L, Vosough M, Pakdaman H, Ehsani E, Shahpasand K. Stem cell therapy in Alzheimer's disease: possible benefits and limiting drawbacks. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1425-1446. [PMID: 30565076 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death globally and the main reason for dementia in elderly people. AD is a long-term and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that steadily worsens memory and communicating skills eventually leads to a disabled person of performing simple daily tasks. Unfortunately, numerous clinical trials exploring new therapeutic drugs have encountered disappointing outcomes in terms of improved cognitive performance since they are not capable of halting or stimulating the regeneration of already-damaged neural cells, and merely provide symptomatic relief. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of stem cell may contribute to the development of novel and effective therapies. The revolutionary discovery of stem cells has cast a new hope for the development of disease-modifying treatments for AD, in terms of their potency in the replenishment of lost cells via differentiating towards specific lineages, stimulating in situ neurogenesis, and delivering the therapeutic agents to the brain. Herein, firstly, we explore the pathophysiology of AD. Next, we summarize the most recent preclinical stem cell reports designed for AD treatment, their benefits and outcomes according to cell type. We briefly review relevant clinical trials and their potential clinical applications in order to find a unique solution to effectively relieve the patients' pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoume Alipour
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Resalat highway, P.O. Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Massood Nabavi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Resalat highway, P.O. Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Arab
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Resalat highway, P.O. Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Pakdaman
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ehsani
- Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Resalat highway, P.O. Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran.
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92
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Duru LN, Quan Z, Qazi TJ, Qing H. Stem cells technology: a powerful tool behind new brain treatments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1564-1591. [PMID: 29916013 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research has recently become a hot research topic in biomedical research due to the foreseen unlimited potential of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For many years, medicine has been facing intense challenges, such as an insufficient number of organ donations that is preventing clinicians to fulfill the increasing needs. To try and overcome this regrettable matter, research has been aiming at developing strategies to facilitate the in vitro culture and study of stem cells as a tool for tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, new developments in the microfluidics technology brought forward emerging cell culture applications that are currently allowing for a better chemical and physical control of cellular microenvironment. This review presents the latest developments in stem cell research that brought new therapies to the clinics and how the convergence of the microfluidics technology with stem cell research can have positive outcomes on the fields of regenerative medicine and high-throughput screening. These advances will bring new translational solutions for drug discovery and will upgrade in vitro cell culture to a new level of accuracy and performance. We hope this review will provide new insights into the understanding of new brain treatments from the perspective of stem cell technology especially regarding regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne N Duru
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Talal Jamil Qazi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Separation and Analysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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93
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Stem Cell Transplantation and Physical Exercise in Parkinson's Disease, a Literature Review of Human and Animal Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:166-176. [PMID: 29270820 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The absence of effective and satisfactory treatments that contribute to repairing the dopaminergic damage caused by Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the limited recovery capacity of the nervous system are troubling issues and the focus of many research and clinical domains. Recent advances in the treatment of PD through stem cell (SC) therapy have recognized their promising restorative and neuroprotective effects that are implicated in the potentiation of endogenous mechanisms of repair and contribute to functional locomotor improvement. Physical exercise (PE) has been considered an adjuvant intervention that by itself induces beneficial effects in patients and animal models with Parkinsonism. In this sense, the combination of both therapies could provide synergic or superior effects for motor recovery, in contrast with their individual use. This review aims to provide an update on recent progress and the potential effectiveness of SC transplantation and PE for the treatment of locomotor deficits in PD. It has reviewed the neuropathological pathways involved in the classical motor symptoms of this condition and the mechanisms of action described in experimental studies that are associated with locomotor enhancement through exercise, cellular transplantation, and their union in some neurodegenerative conditions.
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94
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Pan JP, Hu Y, Wang JH, Xin YR, Jiang JX, Chen KQ, Yang CY, Gao Q, Xiao F, Yan L, Luo HM. Methyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate Induces Neural Stem Cells to Differentiate Into Cholinergic Neurons in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:478. [PMID: 30581378 PMCID: PMC6292956 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been shown as a potential source for replacing degenerated neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the therapeutic potential of these cells is limited by the lack of effective methodologies for controlling their differentiation. Inducing endogenous pools of NSCs by small molecule can be considered as a potential approach of generating the desired cell types in large numbers. Here, we reported the characterization of a small molecule (Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate; MDHB) that selectively induces hippocampal NSCs to differentiate into cholinergic motor neurons which expressed synapsin 1 (SYN1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). Studies on the mechanisms revealed that MDHB induced the hippocampal NSCs differentiation into cholinergic motor neurons by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation and activating autophosphorylation of GSK3β at tyrosine 216. Furthermore, we found that MDHB enhanced β-catenin degradation and abolished its entering into the nucleus. Collectively, this report provides the strong evidence that MDHB promotes NSCs differentiation into cholinergic motor neurons by enhancing gene Isl1 expression and inhibiting cell cycle progression. It may provide a basis for pharmacological effects of MDHB directed on NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Rong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-You Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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95
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Ma Y, Wang K, Pan J, Fan Z, Tian C, Deng X, Ma K, Xia X, Huang Y, Zheng JC. Induced neural progenitor cells abundantly secrete extracellular vesicles and promote the proliferation of neural progenitors via extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:322-334. [PMID: 30528256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) are known to have potent therapeutic effects in neurological disorders through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite the therapeutic potentials, the numbers of NPCs are limited in the brain, curbing the further use of EVs in the disease treatment. To overcome the limitation of NPC numbers, we used a three transcription factor (Brn2, Sox2, and Foxg1) somatic reprogramming approach to generate induced NPCs (iNPCs) from mouse fibroblasts and astrocytes. The resulting iNPCs released significantly higher numbers of EVs compared with wild-type NPCs (WT-NPCs). Furthermore, iNPCs-derived EVs (iNPC-EVs) promoted NPC function by increasing the proliferative potentials of WT-NPCs. Characterizations of EV contents through proteomics analysis revealed that iNPC-EVs contained higher levels of growth factor-associated proteins that were predicted to activate the down-stream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. As expected, the proliferative effects of iNPC-derived EVs on WT-NPCs can be blocked by an ERK pathway inhibitor. Our data suggest potent therapeutic effects of iNPC-derived EVs through the promotion of NPC proliferation, release of growth factors, and activation of ERK pathways. These studies will help develop highly efficient cell-free therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Ma
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kaizhe Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiabin Pan
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhaohuan Fan
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Changhai Tian
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930, USA
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kangmu Ma
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yunlong Huang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930, USA.
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930, USA.
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96
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Shetty AK, Kodali M, Upadhya R, Madhu LN. Emerging Anti-Aging Strategies - Scientific Basis and Efficacy. Aging Dis 2018; 9:1165-1184. [PMID: 30574426 PMCID: PMC6284760 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related diseases is in an upward trend due to increased life expectancy in humans. Age-related conditions are among the leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide currently. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find apt interventions that slow down aging and reduce or postpone the incidence of debilitating age-related diseases. This review discusses the efficacy of emerging anti-aging approaches for maintaining better health in old age. There are many anti-aging strategies in development, which include procedures such as augmentation of autophagy, elimination of senescent cells, transfusion of plasma from young blood, intermittent fasting, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, physical exercise, antioxidant intake, and stem cell therapy. Multiple pre-clinical studies suggest that administration of autophagy enhancers, senolytic drugs, plasma from young blood, drugs that enhance neurogenesis and BDNF are promising approaches to sustain normal health during aging and also to postpone age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Stem cell therapy has also shown promise for improving regeneration and function of the aged or Alzheimer's disease brain. Several of these approaches are awaiting critical appraisal in clinical trials to determine their long-term efficacy and possible adverse effects. On the other hand, procedures such as intermittent fasting, physical exercise, intake of antioxidants such as resveratrol and curcumin have shown considerable promise for improving function in aging, some of which are ready for large-scale clinical trials, as they are non-invasive, and seem to have minimal side effects. In summary, several approaches are at the forefront of becoming mainstream therapies for combating aging and postponing age-related diseases in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
| | - Leelavathi N. Madhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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97
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Fleifel D, Rahmoon MA, AlOkda A, Nasr M, Elserafy M, El-Khamisy SF. Recent advances in stem cells therapy: A focus on cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:427-432. [PMID: 30733756 PMCID: PMC6354001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells serve as potential therapeutics due to their high proliferative capacity, low immunogenic reactivity and their differentiating capabilities. Several pre-clinical and early-stage clinical studies are carried out to treat genetic diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders with promising preliminary results. However, there are still many challenges that scientists are trying to overcome such as the unclear expression profile of stem cells in vivo, the homing of stem cells to the site of injury and their potential immune-reactivity. Prospective research lies in gene editing of autologous stem cells in vitro and safe injection of these modified cells back into patients. Here, we review the clinical trials executed using stem cell therapy in an attempt to cure challenging diseases like cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Fleifel
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Mai Atef Rahmoon
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Nasr
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Menattallah Elserafy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
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98
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Kizil C, Bhattarai P. Is Alzheimer's Also a Stem Cell Disease? - The Zebrafish Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:159. [PMID: 30533414 PMCID: PMC6265475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is the leading form of dementia. AD entails chronic inflammation, impaired synaptic integrity and reduced neurogenesis. The clinical and molecular onsets of the disease do not temporally overlap and the initiation phase of the cellular changes might start with a complex causativeness between chronic inflammation, reduced neural stem cell plasticity and neurogenesis. Although the immune and neuronal aspects in AD are well studied, the neural stem cell-related features are far less investigated. An intriguing question is, therefore, whether a stem cell can ever be made proliferative and neurogenic during the prevalent AD in the brain. Recent findings affirm this hypothesis and thus a plausible way to circumvent the AD phenotypes could be to mobilize the endogenous stem cells by enhancing their proliferative and neurogenic capacity as well as to provide the newborn neurons the potential to survive and integrate into the existing circuitry. To address these questions, zebrafish offers unprecedented information and tools, which can be effectively translated into mammalian experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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99
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Luo D, Ruan S, Liu A, Kong X, Lee IS, Chen C. Laminin functionalized biomimetic apatite to regulate the adhesion and proliferation behaviors of neural stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6223-6233. [PMID: 30349246 PMCID: PMC6188167 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functionalizing biomaterial substrates with biological signals shows promise in regulating neural stem cell (NSC) behaviors through mimicking cellular microenvironment. However, diverse methods for immobilizing biological molecules yields promising results but with many problems. Biomimetic apatite is an excellent carrier due to its non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable affinity to plenty of molecules. Therefore, it may provide a promising alternative in regulating NSC behaviors. Methods Biomimetic apatite immobilized with the extracellular protein - laminin (LN) was prepared through coprecipitation process in modified Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) containing LN. The amount of coprecipitated LN and their release kinetics were examined. The adhesion and proliferation behaviors of NSC on biomimetic apatite immobilized with LN were investigated. Results The coprecipitation approach provided well retention of LN within biomimetic apatite up to 28 days, and supported the adhesion and proliferation of NSCs without cytotoxicity. For long-term cultivation, NSCs formed neurosphere-like aggregates on non-functionalized biomimetic apatite. A monolayer of proliferated NSCs on biomimetic apatite with coprecipitated LN was observed and even more stable than the positive control of LN coated tissue-culture treated polystyrene (TCP). Conclusion The simple and reproducible method of coprecipitation suggests that biomimetic apatite is an ideal carrier to functionalize materials with biological molecules for neural-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shichao Ruan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China,
| | - Aiping Liu
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China,
| | - In-Seop Lee
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Natural Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea,
| | - Cen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China, .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China,
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100
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Ferguson EL, Naseer S, Powell LC, Hardwicke J, Young FI, Zhu B, Liu Q, Song B, Thomas DW. Controlled release of dextrin-conjugated growth factors to support growth and differentiation of neural stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 33:69-78. [PMID: 30321831 PMCID: PMC6288241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential aspect of stem cell in vitro culture and in vivo therapy is achieving sustained levels of growth factors to support stem cell survival and expansion, while maintaining their multipotency and differentiation potential. This study investigated the ability of dextrin (~74,000 g/mol; 27.8 mol% succinoylation) conjugated to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; or FGF-2) (3.9 and 6.7% w/w protein loading, respectively) to support the expansion and differentiation of stem cells in vitro via sustained, controllable growth factor release. Supplementation of mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs) with dextrin-growth factor conjugates led to greater and prolonged proliferation compared to unbound EGF/bFGF controls, with no detectable apoptosis after 7 days of treatment. Immunocytochemical detection of neural precursor (nestin) and differentiation (Olig2, MAP2, GFAP) markers verified that controlled release of dextrin-conjugated growth factors preserves stem cell properties of mNSCs for up to 7 days. These results show the potential of dextrin-growth factor conjugates for localized delivery of bioactive therapeutic agents to support stem cell expansion and differentiation, and as an adjunct to direct neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L Ferguson
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK.
| | - Sameza Naseer
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Lydia C Powell
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
| | - Joseph Hardwicke
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
| | - Fraser I Young
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
| | - Bangfu Zhu
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Qian Liu
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Bing Song
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
| | - David W Thomas
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
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