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Human papillomavirus (HPV) in pregnancy - An update. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 264:340-348. [PMID: 34385080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are small epitheliotropic DNA viruses, of which there are 200 genotypes, 40 of which are known to cause genital infections and are also oncogenic. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Clinical features vary from asymptomatic (identified at routine cervical cancer screening) to large lesions on the vulva, vagina, cervix and some extragenital sites. Its prevalence in pregnancy varies from 5.5% to 65% depending on age, geography and gestational age (increasing with gestational age). Infection in pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes such as spontaneous miscarriage, preterm birth, placental abnormalities and fetal growth restriction. However, the evidence for these adverse outcomes is varied. Besides being oncogenic (and thus associated with cancer of the cervix in pregnancy), vertical transmission to the fetus/neonate can cause neonatal infections, especially juvenile-onset recurrent oral and respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Where there are very large lesions on the vulva, delivery may be obstructed. Diagnosis in pregnancy is mainly by viral PCR or from the clinical appearance of the characteristic lesions on the vulva. Treatment is local by either surgical or laser excision or application of trichloroacetic acid. Podophyllin/podophyllotoxin is contraindicated in pregnancy. HPV Infection is not an indication for caesarean delivery as this has not been shown to prevent vertical transmission. For those diagnosed at routine cervical cancer screening, management should follow guidelines for cervical cancer screening in pregnancy. Vaccination is currently not recommended for pregnant women, although studies on those inadvertently vaccinated in pregnancy have not shown any adverse effects on either the fetus or mother.
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McBride AA, Warburton A, Khurana S. Multiple Roles of Brd4 in the Infectious Cycle of Human Papillomaviruses. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:725794. [PMID: 34386523 PMCID: PMC8353396 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.725794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) reproduce in stratified epithelia by establishing a reservoir of low- level infection in the dividing basal cells and restricting the production of viral particles to terminally differentiated cells. These small DNA viruses hijack pivotal cellular processes and pathways to support the persistent infectious cycle. One cellular factor that is key to multiple stages of viral replication and transcription is the BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain) protein, Brd4 (Bromodomain containing protein 4). Here we provide an overview of the multiple interactions of Brd4 that occur throughout the HPV infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A. McBride
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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53
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Hatano Y, Ideta T, Hirata A, Hatano K, Tomita H, Okada H, Shimizu M, Tanaka T, Hara A. Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2625. [PMID: 34071792 PMCID: PMC8198641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Even in the era of precision oncology, carcinogens contributing to neoplastic process are still an important focus of research. Comprehensive genomic analyses have revealed various combinations of base substitutions, referred to as the mutational signatures, in cancer. Each mutational signature is believed to arise from specific DNA damage and repair processes, including carcinogens. However, as a type of carcinogen, tumor viruses increase the cancer risk by alternative mechanisms, including insertional mutagenesis, viral oncogenes, and immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize virus-driven carcinogenesis to provide a framework for the control of malignant cell proliferation. We first provide a brief overview of oncogenic viruses and describe their implication in virus-related tumors. Next, we describe tumor viruses (HPV, Human papilloma virus; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HCV, Hepatitis C virus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus; MCV, Merkel cell polyoma virus; HTLV-1, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type-1) and tumor virus-related cancers. Lastly, we introduce emerging tumor virus candidates, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV-2). We expect this review to be a hub in a complex network of data for virus-associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Kayoko Hatano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) and Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8513, Japan;
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.)
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Pathogenic Role of Immune Evasion and Integration of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Cancer. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050891. [PMID: 33919460 PMCID: PMC8143538 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing remarkably among all head and neck cancers, mainly due to its association with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Most HPVs are eliminated by the host’s immune system; however, because HPV has developed an effective immune evasion mechanism to complete its replication cycle, a small number of HPVs are not eliminated, leading to persistent infection. Moreover, during the oncogenic process, the extrachromosomal HPV genome often becomes integrated into the host genome. Integration involves the induction and high expression of E6 and E7, leading to cell cycle activation and increased genomic instability in the host. Therefore, integration is an important event in oncogenesis, although the associated mechanism remains unclear, especially in HPV-OPC. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, with special emphasis on immune evasion and integration mechanisms, which are crucial for oncogenesis.
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55
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Is the ZIKV Congenital Syndrome and Microcephaly Due to Syndemism with Latent Virus Coinfection? Viruses 2021; 13:v13040669. [PMID: 33924398 PMCID: PMC8069280 DOI: 10.3390/v13040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) mirrors its evolutionary nature and, thus, its ability to grow in diversity or complexity (i.e., related to genome, host response, environment changes, tropism, and pathogenicity), leading to it recently joining the circle of closed congenital pathogens. The causal relation of ZIKV to microcephaly is still a much-debated issue. The identification of outbreak foci being in certain endemic urban areas characterized by a high-density population emphasizes that mixed infections might spearhead the recent appearance of a wide range of diseases that were initially attributed to ZIKV. Globally, such coinfections may have both positive and negative effects on viral replication, tropism, host response, and the viral genome. In other words, the possibility of coinfection may necessitate revisiting what is considered to be known regarding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of ZIKV diseases. ZIKV viral coinfections are already being reported with other arboviruses (e.g., chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV)) as well as congenital pathogens (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (HCMV)). However, descriptions of human latent viruses and their impacts on ZIKV disease outcomes in hosts are currently lacking. This review proposes to select some interesting human latent viruses (i.e., herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human parvovirus B19 (B19V), and human papillomavirus (HPV)), whose virological features and co-exposition with ZIKV may provide evidence of the syndemism process, shedding some light on the emergence of the ZIKV-induced global congenital syndrome in South America.
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56
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Artesi M, Hahaut V, Cole B, Lambrechts L, Ashrafi F, Marçais A, Hermine O, Griebel P, Arsic N, van der Meer F, Burny A, Bron D, Bianchi E, Delvenne P, Bours V, Charlier C, Georges M, Vandekerckhove L, Van den Broeke A, Durkin K. PCIP-seq: simultaneous sequencing of integrated viral genomes and their insertion sites with long reads. Genome Biol 2021; 22:97. [PMID: 33823910 PMCID: PMC8025556 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of a viral genome into the host genome has a major impact on the trajectory of the infected cell. Integration location and variation within the associated viral genome can influence both clonal expansion and persistence of infected cells. Methods based on short-read sequencing can identify viral insertion sites, but the sequence of the viral genomes within remains unobserved. We develop PCIP-seq, a method that leverages long reads to identify insertion sites and sequence their associated viral genome. We apply the technique to exogenous retroviruses HTLV-1, BLV, and HIV-1, endogenous retroviruses, and human papillomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Artesi
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Hahaut
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basiel Cole
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Lambrechts
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- BioBix, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fereshteh Ashrafi
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ambroise Marçais
- Service d’hématologie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker, Université René Descartes, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service d’hématologie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker, Université René Descartes, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Natasa Arsic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Ecosystem and Public Health, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Arsène Burny
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elettra Bianchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bours
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carole Charlier
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Georges
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Van den Broeke
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keith Durkin
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Avenue de l’Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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57
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Garza-Rodríguez ML, Oyervides-Muñoz MA, Pérez-Maya AA, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Berlanga-Garza A, Antonio-Macedo M, Valdés-Chapa LD, Vidal-Torres D, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, Pérez-Ibave DC, Treviño V. Analysis of HPV Integrations in Mexican Pre-Tumoral Cervical Lesions Reveal Centromere-Enriched Breakpoints and Abundant Unspecific HPV Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063242. [PMID: 33810183 PMCID: PMC8005155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA integration is a crucial event in cervical carcinogenesis. However, scarce studies have focused on studying HPV integration (HPVint) in early-stage cervical lesions. Using HPV capture followed by sequencing, we investigated HPVint in pre-tumor cervical lesions. Employing a novel pipeline, we analyzed reads containing direct evidence of the integration breakpoint. We observed multiple HPV infections in most of the samples (92%) with a median integration rate of 0.06% relative to HPV mapped reads corresponding to two or more sequence breakages. Unlike cancer studies, most integrations events were unique (supported by one read), consistent with the lack of clonal selection. Congruent to other studies, we found that breakpoints could occur, practically, in any part of the viral genome. We noted that L1 had a higher frequency of rupture integration (25%). Based on host genome integration frequencies, we found previously reported integration sites in cancer for genes like FHIT, CSMD1, and LRP1B and putatively many new ones such as those exemplified in CSMD3, ROBO2, and SETD3. Similar host integrations regions and genes were observed in diverse HPV types within many genes and even equivalent integration positions in different samples and HPV types. Interestingly, we noted an enrichment of integrations in most centromeres, suggesting a possible mechanism where HPV exploits this structural machinery to facilitate integration. Supported by previous findings, overall, our analysis provides novel information and insights about HPVint.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lourdes Garza-Rodríguez
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Mariel Araceli Oyervides-Muñoz
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Antonio Alí Pérez-Maya
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Celia Nohemí Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.A.P.-M.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Anais Berlanga-Garza
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Mauro Antonio-Macedo
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Lezmes Dionicio Valdés-Chapa
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Diego Vidal-Torres
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (A.B.-G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.D.V.-C.); (D.V.-T.)
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Diana Cristina Pérez-Ibave
- Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico; (M.L.G.-R.); (D.C.P.-I.); (O.V.-G.)
| | - Víctor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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58
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Sun X, Song L, Yang W, Zhang L, Liu M, Li X, Tian G, Wang W. Nanopore Sequencing and Its Clinical Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2204:13-32. [PMID: 32710311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0904-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanopore sequencing is a method for determining the order and modifications of DNA/RNA nucleotides by detecting the electric current variations when DNA/RNA oligonucleotides pass through the nanometer-sized hole (nanopore). Nanopore-based DNA analysis techniques have been commercialized by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, NabSys, and Sequenom, and widely used in scientific researches recently including human genomics, cancer, metagenomics, plant sciences, etc., moreover, it also has potential applications in the field of healthcare due to its fast turn-around time, portable and real-time data analysis. Those features make it a promising technology for the point-of-care testing (POCT) and its potential clinical applications are briefly discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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59
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Kombe Kombe AJ, Li B, Zahid A, Mengist HM, Bounda GA, Zhou Y, Jin T. Epidemiology and Burden of Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Evaluation. Front Public Health 2021; 8:552028. [PMID: 33553082 PMCID: PMC7855977 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.552028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosed in more than 90% of cervical cancers, the fourth deadliest cancer in women, human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently the most common pathogen responsible for female cancers. Moreover, HPV infection is associated with many other diseases, including cutaneous and anogenital warts, and genital and upper aerodigestive tract cancers. The incidence and prevalence of these pathologies vary considerably depending on factors including HPV genotype, regional conditions, the study population, and the anatomical site sampled. Recently, features of the cervicovaginal microbiota are found to be associated with the incidence of HPV-related diseases, presenting a novel approach to identify high-risk women through both blood and cervical samples. Overall, the HPV repartition data show that HPV infection and related diseases are more prevalent in developing countries. Moreover, the available (2-, 4-, and 9-valent) vaccines based on virus-like particles, despite their proven effectiveness and safety, present some limitations in terms of system development cost, transport cold chain, and oncogenic HPV variants. In addition, vaccination programs face some challenges, leading to a considerable burden of HPV infection and related diseases. Therefore, even though the new (9-valent) vaccine seems promising, next-generation vaccines as well as awareness programs associated with HPV vaccination and budget reinforcements for immunization are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Gabonese Scientific Research Consortium, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Bofeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ayesha Zahid
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guy-Armel Bounda
- Gabonese Scientific Research Consortium, Libreville, Gabon.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Sinomedica Co., Ltd., Mong Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
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60
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Lu X, Wang T, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Analysis of influencing factors of viral load in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus. Virol J 2021; 18:6. [PMID: 33407635 PMCID: PMC7789493 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) load is thought to be influenced by many factors, and the relationship between viral load and the degree of cervical lesion is controversial. This study explored the possible influencing factors of HR-HPV viral load in the uterine cervix. Methods A total of 605 women who needed colposcopic evaluation for abnormal cervical screening at the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, China, between November 2017 and September 2018 were enrolled. Cervical specimens were collected from the endo- and ectocervix separately using two different cervical brushes. The hybrid capture II test was used to measure HR-HPV load. Age, histological severity, number of viral types, and area and location of cervical lesions were recorded. The correlations between viral load and influencing factors were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results HR-HPV load was positively correlated with age, histological severity, multiple HPV types and area of cervical lesions (P < 0.05). Viral load with the combination of endo- and ectocervical sampling was significantly higher than simple endocervical sampling (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, multiple HPV types and area of cervical lesions were independent factors for HR-HPV load with a combination of endo- and ectocervical sampling (P < 0.05). However, only age and area of cervical lesions were independent factors for viral load with simple endocervical sampling (P < 0.05). No significant association was found between viral load and lesion severity in multivariate analysis (P > 0.05). Conclusion HR-HPV load is influenced by age, histological severity, multiple viral types, area of cervical lesion and sampling methods. Age and area of cervical lesions are independent factors for viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261042, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261042, China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261042, China.
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Oxidative stress markers in patient-derived non-cancerous cervical tissues and cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19044. [PMID: 33149215 PMCID: PMC7642372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical cancer. However, not all infected women develop cervical cancer. Cervical tumorigenesis is characterized by a multifactorial etiology, with oxidative stress (OS) likely playing a major role. In addition to exogenous sources, metabolic processes also contribute to OS. In principle, variability in levels of cervical OS has the potential to influence the likelihood of conversion to cervical cancer. To ask whether such variability indeed existed, we assessed the levels of ROS and the oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-oxodG in normal non-cancerous cervical tissues and cells obtained from women with uterovaginal pelvic organ prolapse following vaginal hysterectomy. We demonstrated five and ten-fold variability between tissues isolated from the transformation zone (TZ) and ectocervix (EC) of different women, respectively. Despite the greater variability (likely due to differences in tissue composition), the overall pattern of ROS levels in EC tissues mirrored those obtained in their corresponding TZ tissues. Our results also show that the levels of ROS in TZ tissues were always higher than or equal to those found in the respective EC tissues, providing a possible explanation for TZ tissue being the primary target for HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Interestingly, primary keratinocytes isolated and cultured from these cervical specimens also displayed high variability in ROS levels, with some strongly mirroring the levels of ROS observed in their corresponding tissues, while others were less closely associated. Finally, we demonstrated that the levels of DNA damage mirrored the levels of ROS in the cultured primary cells. Understanding the factors and mechanisms that dispose certain individuals to develop cervical cancer has the potential to enable the development of approaches that make the conversion of HPV infection to cancer development even more rare.
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62
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Molina MA, Carosi Diatricch L, Castany Quintana M, Melchers WJ, Andralojc KM. Cervical cancer risk profiling: molecular biomarkers predicting the outcome of hrHPV infection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1099-1120. [PMID: 33044104 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1835472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer affects half a million women worldwide annually. Given the association between high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and carcinogenesis, hrHPV DNA testing became an essential diagnostic tool. However, hrHPV alone does not cause the disease, and, most importantly, many cervical lesions regress to normal in a year because of the host immune system. Hence, the low specificity of hrHPV DNA tests and their inability to predict the outcome of infections have triggered a further search for biomarkers. AREAS COVERED We evaluated the latest viral and cellular biomarkers validated for clinical use as primary screening or triage for cervical cancer and assessed their promise for prevention as well as potential use in the future. The literature search focused on effective biomarkers for different stages of the disease, aiming to determine their significance in predicting the outcome of hrHPV infections. EXPERT OPINION Biomarkers such as p16/Ki-67, hrHPV genotyping, hrHPV transcriptional status, and methylation patterns have demonstrated promising results. Their eventual implementation in the screening programs may support the prompt diagnosis of hrHPV infection and its progression to cancer. These biomarkers will help in making clinical management decisions on time, thus, saving the lives of hrHPV-infected women, particularly in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano A Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marina Castany Quintana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jg Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina M Andralojc
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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63
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Hernández-Rosas F, Orozco-Hernández E, Maza-Sánchez L, Salgado-García PC, Navarro-Vidal E, León-Bautista MPD. Prevalence and correlation of human papillomavirus genotypes with clinical factors in cervical samples from Mexican women. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:48-56. [PMID: 32962407 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220959747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT We are submitting data regarding the prevalence and type distribution of the HPV infection and the risk factors associated with it, which may provide a valuable reference to reinforce screening strategies, and to maintain HPV genotype surveillance in Mexico. We discuss the overall prevalence of HPV infection as detected in normal cytological samples stratified by age, different types of infection, and oncogenic capacity. One of the most important findings was that common HPV genotypes detected in healthy women were the genotype numbers: 6, 31, 16, and 56, likewise, smoking and having a history of more than three sexual partners over their lifetime, represented the main risk factors in this study. Furthermore, we found a low frequency of cytological abnormalities and CIN 1-3 in women with HR-HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Hernández-Rosas
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México.,Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Anáhuac University, Querétaro 76246, México
| | - Erika Orozco-Hernández
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México
| | | | - Pamela Citlalli Salgado-García
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México
| | - Enrique Navarro-Vidal
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México
| | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México.,Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Michoacán 58090, México
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64
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Zubillaga-Guerrero MI, Illades-Aguiar B, Flores-Alfaro E, Castro-Coronel Y, Jiménez-Wences H, Patiño EILB, Pérez KIG, Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero L. An increase of microRNA-16-1 is associated with the high proliferation of squamous intraepithelial lesions in the presence of the integrated state of HR-HPV in liquid cytology samples. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:104. [PMID: 32831923 PMCID: PMC7439130 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of cervical cancer (CC) have reported that microRNA-16-1 (miR-16-1), which is an oncomiR, is increased in the tissues and cell lines of CC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of miRNA-16-1 expression level with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the presence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and the integration of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA. The current study analyzed 80 samples obtained from women by liquid-based cytology, which revealed that 20 were negative for SIL (NSIL) and without HPV, 20 were low-grade SIL (LSIL), 20 were high-grade SIL (HSIL), and 20 were diagnosed as SCC with HR-HPV. The genotyping of the viral DNA was conducted via an INNO-LiPA-HPV array, the expression of miR-16-1 was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the physical state of the HR-HPV was ascertained by in situ hybridization with amplification with tyramide. A total of eight HR-HPV genotypes were distinguished; the most frequent of these being HPV16, followed by multiple infection with HR-HPV (including HPV16). The mixed state of the HR-HPV was observed in 60 and 65% of LSIL and HSIL cases, respectively, while an integrated HR-HPV state was identified in 90% of cases with SCC. The expression level of miR-16-1 increased according to the grade of SIL, and cases with HSIL exhibited a significantly higher miR-16-1 expression level compared with women with NSIL (P<0.001; Table II). It can therefore be determined that the expression of miR-16-1 effects cellular proliferation, due to the viral integration of various HR-HPV genotypes in unique infection or in multiple infection. Thus, the overexpression of miR-16-1 could be monitored in women with LSIL, in order to discard a major lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Isabel Zubillaga-Guerrero
- Laboratory for Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratory for Research in Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Yaneth Castro-Coronel
- Laboratory for Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Hilda Jiménez-Wences
- Laboratory for Research in Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | | | - Karen Itzel García Pérez
- Laboratory for Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratory for Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
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65
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Yang W, Liu Y, Dong R, Liu J, Lang J, Yang J, Wang W, Li J, Meng B, Tian G. Accurate Detection of HPV Integration Sites in Cervical Cancer Samples Using the Nanopore MinION Sequencer Without Error Correction. Front Genet 2020; 11:660. [PMID: 32714374 PMCID: PMC7344299 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, the DNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) is frequently integrated into the human genome, which might be a biomarker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Although the detection sensitivity of virus infection status increased significantly through the Illumina sequencing platform, there were still disadvantages remain for further improvement, including the detection accuracy and the complex integrated genome structure identification, etc. Nanopore sequencing has been proven to be a fast yet accurate technique of detecting pathogens in clinical samples with significant longer sequencing length. However, the identification of virus integration sites, especially HPV integration sites was seldom carried out by using nanopore platform. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of identifying HPV integration sites by nanopore sequencer. Specifically, we re-sequenced the integration sites of a previously published sample by both nanopore and Illumina sequencing. After analyzing the results, three points of conclusions were drawn: first, 13 out of 19 previously published integration sites were found from all three datasets (i.e., nanopore, Illumina, and the published data), indicating a high overlap rate and comparability among the three platforms; second, our pipeline of nanopore and Illumina data identified 66 unique integration sites compared with previous published paper with 13 of them being verified by Sanger sequencing, indicating the higher integration sites detection sensitivity of our results compared with published data; third, we established a pipeline which could be used in HPV integration site detection by nanopore sequencing data without doing error correction analysis. In summary, a new nanopore data analysis method was tested and proved to be reliable in integration sites detection compared with methods of existing Illumina data analysis pipeline with less sequencing data required. It provides a solid evidence and tool to support the potential application of nanopore in virus status identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Genetics, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyi Dong
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Jingjing Li
- The Precision Medicine Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
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66
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James CD, Morgan IM, Bristol ML. The Relationship between Estrogen-Related Signaling and Human Papillomavirus Positive Cancers. Pathogens 2020; 9:E403. [PMID: 32455952 PMCID: PMC7281727 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High risk-human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known carcinogens. Numerous reports have linked the steroid hormone estrogen, and the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), to HPV-related cancers, although the exact nature of the interactions remains to be fully elucidated. Here we will focus on estrogen signaling and describe both pro and potentially anti-cancer effects of this hormone in HPV-positive cancers. This review will summarize: (1) cell culture-related evidence, (2) animal model evidence, and (3) clinical evidence demonstrating an interaction between estrogen and HPV-positive cancers. This comprehensive review provides insights into the potential relationship between estrogen and HPV. We suggest that estrogen may provide a potential therapeutic for HPV-related cancers, however additional studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D. James
- School of Dentistry, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Iain M. Morgan
- School of Dentistry, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Molly L. Bristol
- School of Dentistry, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
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67
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Dong L, Zhang L, Hu SY, Feng RM, Zhao XL, Zhang Q, Pan QJ, Zhang X, Qiao YL, Zhao FH. Risk stratification of HPV 16 DNA methylation combined with E6 oncoprotein in cervical cancer screening: a 10-year prospective cohort study. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:62. [PMID: 32381054 PMCID: PMC7204324 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background How to best triage human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women remains controversial in an era of HPV primary screening of cervical cancer. Here, we assessed the long-term risk stratification for triaging HPV 16 positive women by standalone HPV 16 methylation and combined with E6 oncoprotein. Methods A total of 1742 women underwent screening with HPV DNA testing, cytology, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in 2005 and were followed for 10 years. Seventy-seven women with HPV 16 positivity determined by HPV genotyping test were examined via E6 oncoprotein detection and bisulfite pyrosequencing for quantitative methylation of L1 and LCR genes of HPV 16. Results The 10-year cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or severe (CIN3+) for HPV 16 positive women was 25.3% (95% CI 14.7–37.3%), which significantly increased in women with high methylation at six sites (CpG 5602, 6650, 7034, 7461, 31, and 37) and in women with positive E6 oncoprotein. A methylation panel based on the above six sites showed a competitive risk stratification compared to cytology (HR 11.5 vs. 8.1), with a higher 10-year CIR of CIN3+ in panel positives (57.2% vs 36.8%) and comparable low risk in panel negatives (5.7% vs 4.8%).The sensitivity and specificity for accumulative CIN3+ was 85.7% (95%CI 60.1–96.0%) and 78.4% (95%CI 62.8–88.6%) for a methylation panel and 57.1% (95%CI 32.6–78.6%) and 86.5% (95%CI 72.0–94.1%) for E6 oncoprotein. The AUC values of methylation standalone and the co-testing of methylation panel and E6 oncoprotein were around 0.80, comparable to 0.68 for cytology, 0.65 for viral load, and superior to 0.52 for VIA (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings indicated the promising use of HPV 16 methylation alone or combined with E6 oncoprotein for triaging HPV 16 positive women based on the long-term risk stratification ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shang-Ying Hu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Rui-Mei Feng
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qin-Jing Pan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, P.O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, China.
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68
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Suppression of a Subset of Interferon-Induced Genes by Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 via a Cyclin Dependent Kinase 8-Dependent Mechanism. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030311. [PMID: 32183180 PMCID: PMC7150855 DOI: 10.3390/v12030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), small, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect keratinocytes of the squamous epithelia, can lead to the development of cervical and other cancers. The viral oncoprotein E7 contributes to viral persistence in part by regulating host gene expression through binding host transcriptional regulators, although mechanisms responsible for E7-mediated transcriptional regulation are incompletely understood. Type I IFN signaling promotes the expression of anti-viral genes, called interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), through the phosphorylation and activation of STAT1. In this study, we have observed that the CR3 domain of E7 contributes to the episomal maintenance of viral genomes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that E7 transcriptionally suppresses a subset of ISGs but not through regulation of STAT1 activation. Instead, we discovered that E7 associates with Mediator kinase CDK8 and this is correlated with the recruitment of CDK8 to ISG promoters and reduced ISG expression. E7 fails to suppress ISGs in the absence of CDK8, indicating that CDK8 function contributes to the suppression of ISGs by E7. Altogether, E7/CDK8 association may be a novel mechanism by which E7 inhibits innate immune signaling.
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69
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Garbuglia AR, Lapa D, Sias C, Capobianchi MR, Del Porto P. The Use of Both Therapeutic and Prophylactic Vaccines in the Therapy of Papillomavirus Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:188. [PMID: 32133000 PMCID: PMC7040023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus. The high-risk HPV types (i.e., HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) are considered to be the main etiological agents of genital tract cancers, such as cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal cancers, and of a subset of head and neck cancers. Three prophylactic HPV vaccines are available that are bivalent (vs. HPV16, 18), tetravalent (vs. HPV6, 11, 16, 18), and non-avalent (vs. HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33,45, 52, 58). All of these vaccines are based on recombinant DNA technology, and they are prepared from the purified L1 protein that self-assembles to form the HPV type-specific empty shells (i.e., virus-like particles). These vaccines are highly immunogenic and induce specific antibodies. Therapeutic vaccines differ from prophylactic vaccines, as they are designed to generate cell-mediated immunity against transformed cells, rather than neutralizing antibodies. Among the HPV proteins, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins are considered almost ideal as targets for immunotherapy of cervical cancer, as they are essential for the onset and evolution of malignancy and are constitutively expressed in both premalignant and invasive lesions. Several strategies have been investigated for HPV therapeutic vaccines designed to enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, including genetic vaccines (i.e., DNA/ RNA/virus/ bacterial), and protein-based, peptide-based or dendritic-cell-based vaccines. However, no vaccine has yet been licensed for therapeutic use. Several studies have suggested that administration of prophylactic vaccines immediately after surgical treatment of CIN2 cervical lesions can be considered as an adjuvant to prevent reactivation or reinfection, and other studies have described the relevance of prophylactic vaccines in the management of genital warts. This review summarizes the leading features of therapeutic vaccines, which mainly target the early oncoproteins E6 and E7, and prophylactic vaccines, which are based on the L1 capsid protein. Through an analysis of the specific immunogenic properties of these two types of vaccines, we discuss why and how prophylactic vaccines can be effective in the treatment of HPV-related lesions and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Sias
- Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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70
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Loopik DL, IntHout J, Melchers WJG, Massuger LFAG, Bekkers RLM, Siebers AG. Oral contraceptive and intrauterine device use and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III or worse: a population-based study. Eur J Cancer 2019; 124:102-109. [PMID: 31760309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hormonal contraceptive use has been associated with the development of cervical cancer, although inconsistent results are reported on the association with intrauterine device (IUD) use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the type of contraceptive use and the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III or worse (CIN3+). METHODS A retrospective population-based cohort study including women aged 29-44 years attending the cervical cancer screening program with normal cytology between 2005 and 2009 identified from the Dutch Pathology Registry. Subgroups with at least 5 years registered use of an oral contraceptive (OC) or IUD were compared with non-users. Risk ratios of CIN3+ were estimated per contraceptive type. RESULTS 702,037 women were included with a median follow-up of 9.7 years, of which 6705 (0.96%) and 559 (0.08%) women developed CIN3 and cervical cancer, respectively. IUD use was associated with an increased risk of developing CIN3+ (risk ratio (RR) 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-1.74), and OC use was associated with an increased risk of developing CIN3+ (RR 2.77, 95%CI 2.65-3.00) and cervical cancer (RR 2.06, 95%CI 1.52-2.79). The risk of developing CIN3+ and cervical cancer was higher for OC users compared with IUD users (RR 1.83, 95%CI 1.60-2.09 and RR 1.70, 95%CI 1.00-2.90, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both OC use and IUD use were associated with an increased risk of developing CIN3+. However, for women with a contraceptive wish, an IUD seems safer than an OC as the risk of developing CIN3+ and cervical cancer was higher for OC users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede L Loopik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Department of Biostatistics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6585KM, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Willem J G Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruud L M Bekkers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catharina Hospital, PO Box 1350, 5602ZA, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Albert G Siebers
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; PALGA, Randhoeve 225a, 3995 GA, Houten, the Netherlands.
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71
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Kaur G, Balasubramaniam SD, Lee YJ, Balakrishnan V, Oon CE. Minichromosome Maintenance Complex (MCM) Genes Profiling and MCM2 Protein Expression in Cervical Cancer Development. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3043-3049. [PMID: 31653153 PMCID: PMC6982666 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM) proteins are essential for the process of DNA replication and cell division. This study aimed to evaluate MCM genes expression profiles and MCM2 protein in HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. METHODOLOGY MCM2, 4, 5 and 7 genes expression profiles were evaluated in three cervical tissue samples each of normal cervix, human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), using Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 and validated by nCounter® PanCancer Pathway NanoString Array. Immunohistochemical expression of MCM2 protein was semi-quantitatively assessed by histoscore in tissue microarrays containing 9 cases of normal cervix, 10 LSIL, 10 HSIL and 42 cases of SCC. RESULTS MCM2, 4, 5 and 7 genes expressions were upregulated with increasing fold change during the progression from LSIL to HSIL and the highest in SCC. MCM2 gene had the highest fold change in SCC compared to normal cervix. Immunohistochemically, MCM2 protein was localised in the nuclei of basal cells of normal cervical epithelium and dysplastic-neoplastic cells of CIN and SCC. There was a significant difference in MCM2 protein expression between the histological groups (P = 0.039), and histoscore was the highest in HSIL compared to normal cervix (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION The upregulation of MCM genes expressions in cervical carcinogenesis reaffirms MCM as a proliferative marker in DNA replication pathway, whereby proliferation of dysplastic and cancer cells become increasingly dysregulated and uncontrolled. A strong expression of MCM2 protein in HSIL may aid as a concatenated screening tool in detecting pre-cancerous cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Yung Jen Lee
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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72
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Level of phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) correlates with copy number and physical state of human papillomavirus 16 genome in cervical precancer and cancer lesions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222089. [PMID: 31487312 PMCID: PMC6728030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier studies indicated an important role of inducible transcription factor STAT3 in the establishment of persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and promotion of cervical carcinogenesis. Since HPV load and its physical state are two potential determinants of this virally-induced carcinogensis, though with some exceptions, we extended our study to examine the role of active STAT3 level in cervical precancer and cancer lesions and it’s association with HPV viral load and physical state. An elevated level of active STAT3 was measured by assessing phospho-STAT3-Y705 (pSTAT3), in tumor tissues harboring higher viral load irrespective of the disease grade. Physical state analysis of HPV16 by assessing the degree of amplification of full length E2 and comparing it with E6 (E2:E6 ratio), which predominantly represent episomal form of HPV16, revealed low or undetectable pSTAT3. A strong pSTAT3 immunoreactivity was found in tissues those harbored either mixed or predominantly integrated form of viral genome. Cumulative analysis of pSTAT3 expression, viral load and physical state demonstrated a direct correlation between pSTAT3 expression, viral load and physical state of HPV. The study suggests that there exists a strong clinical correlation between level of active STAT3 expression and HPV genome copy number, and integrated state of the virus that may play a pivotal role in promotion/maintanence of tumorigenic phenotype.
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73
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Kim J, Kim BK, Jeon D, Lee CH, Roh JW, Kim JY, Park SY. Type-Specific Viral Load and Physical State of HPV Type 16, 18, and 58 as Diagnostic Biomarkers for High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions or Cervical Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:396-405. [PMID: 31476849 PMCID: PMC7176961 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose High rate of false-positive tests is a major obstacle to use human papillomavirus (HPV) detection as a diagnostic tool for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or cervical cancer (HSIL+). We investigated whether type-specific viral load or physical state of HPV 16, 18, and 58 are useful biomarkers for HSIL+. Materials and Methods Type-specific viral loads of E6 and E2 genes in cervical cells from 240, 83, and 79 HPV 16–, 18–, and 58–infected women, respectively, were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Viral loads were normalized to cellular DNA (copy/cell). Total and integrated viral loads and physical state were compared between HSIL+ and controls, and diagnostic value was determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results Viral loads of HPV 16, 18, and 58 were significantly different in lesions in the same pathologic grade. High type-specific total viral loads were significantly associated with HSIL+ (odds ratio [OR], 14.065, 39.472, and 7.103 for HPV 16, 18, and 58, respectively). High integrated viral load was related to HSIL+ in women with HPV 16 (OR, 8.242), and integrated state was associated with HSIL+ in women with HPV 18 (OR, 9.443). Type-specific total viral load was significantly associated with HSIL+ (area under curve, 0.914, 0.937, and 0.971 for HPV 16, 18, and 58, respectively), indicating an excellent performance in detecting HSIL+. Conclusion Type-specific total viral load may be a powerful diagnostic marker for HSIL+ in HPV 16–, 18–, and 58–infected HSIL+ lesions. If demonstrated in all other high-risk HPV types, this method can lead to a paradigm shift in the strategy of equivocal cytologic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bu Kyung Kim
- Department of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongsoo Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea
| | - Chae Hyeong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ju-Won Roh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Park
- Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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74
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Myers JE, Guidry JT, Scott ML, Zwolinska K, Raikhy G, Prasai K, Bienkowska-Haba M, Bodily JM, Sapp MJ, Scott RS. Detecting episomal or integrated human papillomavirus 16 DNA using an exonuclease V-qPCR-based assay. Virology 2019; 537:149-156. [PMID: 31493653 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) integration into host cell chromosomes typically requires large amounts of time and reagents. We developed a rapid and sensitive assay based on exonuclease V (ExoV) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to determine HPV genome configurations in cell lines and tissues. We established the assay using genomic DNA from cell lines known to harbor integrated or episomal HPV16. DNA was incubated with ExoV, which is specific for linear DNA, and the DNA fraction resistant to digestion was measured by qPCR. The percent of DNA resistant to ExoV digestion was calculated relative to undigested DNA for determination of episomal or integrated HPV16. The ExoV assay was accurate, capable of distinguishing episomal from integrated HPV16 in cell lines and tissues. Future applications of the ExoV assay may include screening of HPV genome configurations in the progression of HPV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J T Guidry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - M L Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - K Zwolinska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - G Raikhy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - K Prasai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - M Bienkowska-Haba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J M Bodily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - M J Sapp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - R S Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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75
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The interaction of human papillomaviruses and adeno-associated viruses in suppressive co-infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:66-70. [PMID: 31026603 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common oncogenic viruses which cause malignancy in different epithelial surfaces of the human body and its infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. However, research suggests that this virus might not be the sole cause of infection in target cells. It is believed that, other infectious agents could co-infect the same cell with HPV including; bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which may have different effects on the carcinogenesis of HPV infections. One of the most important viruses is adeno-associated virus (AAV), which comes from the parvoviridae family. The function of this virus is associated with several stages of HPV carcinogenicity, which leads to the suppression of HPV oncogenesis. The inhibition effects of AAV are exerted not only in viral parts but also in cellular parts. This suppression illuminates a new therapeutic approach in the way of HPV-associated cervical cancer. In the present review we consider the exact roles of AAV infection in this suppression.
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76
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Lagström S, Umu SU, Lepistö M, Ellonen P, Meisal R, Christiansen IK, Ambur OH, Rounge TB. TaME-seq: An efficient sequencing approach for characterisation of HPV genomic variability and chromosomal integration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:524. [PMID: 30679491 PMCID: PMC6345795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV genomic variability and chromosomal integration are important in the HPV-induced carcinogenic process. To uncover these genomic events in an HPV infection, we have developed an innovative and cost-effective sequencing approach named TaME-seq (tagmentation-assisted multiplex PCR enrichment sequencing). TaME-seq combines tagmentation and multiplex PCR enrichment for simultaneous analysis of HPV variation and chromosomal integration, and it can also be adapted to other viruses. For method validation, cell lines (n = 4), plasmids (n = 3), and HPV16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 positive clinical samples (n = 21) were analysed. Our results showed deep HPV genome-wide sequencing coverage. Chromosomal integration breakpoints and large deletions were identified in HPV positive cell lines and in one clinical sample. HPV genomic variability was observed in all samples allowing identification of low frequency variants. In contrast to other approaches, TaME-seq proved to be highly efficient in HPV target enrichment, leading to reduced sequencing costs. Comprehensive studies on HPV intra-host variability generated during a persistent infection will improve our understanding of viral carcinogenesis. Efficient identification of both HPV variability and integration sites will be important for the study of HPV evolution and adaptability and may be an important tool for use in cervical cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lagström
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinan Uğur Umu
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maija Lepistö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger Meisal
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Irene Kraus Christiansen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Herman Ambur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine B Rounge
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
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77
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Prasongdee P, Tippayawat P, Limpaiboon T, Leelayuwat C, Wongwattanakul M, Jearanaikoon P. The development of simultaneous measurement of viral load and physical status for human papillomavirus 16 and 18 co-infection using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6977-6987. [PMID: 30546431 PMCID: PMC6256370 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 is known to be a major risk factor for cervical cancer. Increased prevalence of co-infection with these high-risk types has been observed in pre-cancerous and cancerous tissues. The determination of physical status and copy numbers of viruses is therefore useful in clinical settings. A simple multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for HPV16/HPV18 co-infection in one tube reaction was established in the present study using TaqMan®-based PCR for E2 and E6 viral DNA. The detection range was up to 106 copies with 100% specificity and high precision (CV of cycle time <0.5%). The analytical accuracy and robustness were verified by competitive assay using an unequal mixture of HPV16/HPV18 DNA. No significant effect was demonstrated when compared with the simplex qPCR. The detection of physical status was evaluated in cervical samples, including 5 pre-cancerous and 15 cancerous samples. No significant difference was observed between simplex and multiplex qPCR (P=0.372). In conclusion, the developed multiplex qPCR method successfully demonstrated the viral status of the common HPV types in one tube. This assay will facilitate viral assessment and monitoring of cervical cancer associated with HPV16 and HPV18 co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinya Prasongdee
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Clinical Chemistry Unit of Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Tippayawat
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Molin Wongwattanakul
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Jearanaikoon
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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78
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Brant AC, Menezes AN, Felix SP, de Almeida LM, Sammeth M, Moreira MAM. Characterization of HPV integration, viral gene expression and E6E7 alternative transcripts by RNA-Seq: A descriptive study in invasive cervical cancer. Genomics 2018; 111:1853-1861. [PMID: 30552977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Scarce data are available on the expression of papillomavirus genome and the frequency of alternatively spliced E6E7 mRNAs in invasive cervical cancer. We carried out a comprehensive characterization of HPV expression by RNA-Seq analysis in 22 invasive cervical cancer with HPV16 or HPV18, characterizing the presence of integrated/episomal viral DNA, the integration sites in human genome and the proportion of alternative splicing products of E6 and E7 genes. The expression patterns suggested the presence of episomal and/or integrated viral DNA, with integration detected in most tumors, frequently occurring within human genes in HPV18+ and in intergenic regions in HPV16+ tumors. Alternative splicing of E6E7 transcripts showed E6*I as the most frequent isoform for both viral types, followed by E6*II and E6/E7 (unspliced) transcripts in HPV16+, and by E6/E7 in HPV18+ tumors. Previously described E6*VI and E6*V transcript isoforms for HPV16, and E6*X for HPV18, were rare or not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayslan C Brant
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Albert N Menezes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Shayany P Felix
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liz M de Almeida
- Department of Population Research, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Michael Sammeth
- Department of Bioinformatics, Transcriptomics and Functional Genomics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Miguel A M Moreira
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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79
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Guerrero Flórez M, Guerrero Gómez OA, Mena Huertas J, Yépez Chamorro MC. Mapping of microRNAs related to cervical cancer in Latin American human genomic variants. F1000Res 2018; 6:946. [PMID: 37766816 PMCID: PMC10521080 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10138.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs are related to human cancers, including cervical cancer (CC) caused by HPV. In 2018, approximately 56.075 cases and 28.252 deaths from this cancer were registered in Latin America and the Caribbean according to GLOBOCAN reports. The main molecular mechanism of HPV in CC is related to integration of viral DNA into the hosts' genome. However, the different variants in the human genome can result in different integration mechanisms, specifically involving microRNAs (miRNAs). Methods: The miRNAs associated with CC were obtained from literature, the miRNA sequences and four human genome variants (HGV) from Latin American populations were obtained from miRBase and 1000 Genomes Browser, respectively. HPV integration sites near cell cycle regulatory genes were identified. miRNAs were mapped on HGV. miRSNPs were identified in the miRNA sequences located at HPV integration sites on the Latin American HGV. Results: Two hundred seventy-two miRNAs associated with CC were identified in 139 reports from different geographic locations. By mapping with Blast-Like Alignment Tool (BLAT), 2028 binding sites were identified from these miRNAs on the human genome (version GRCh38/hg38); 42 miRNAs were located on unique integration sites; and miR-5095, miR-548c-5p and miR-548d-5p were involved with multiple genes related to the cell cycle. Thirty-seven miRNAs were mapped on the Latin American HGV (PUR, MXL, CLM and PEL), but only miR-11-3p, miR-31-3p, miR-107, miR-133a-3p, miR-133a-5p, miR-133b, miR-215-5p, miR-491-3p, miR-548d-5p and miR-944 were conserved. Conclusions: Ten miRNAs were conserved in the four HGV. In the remaining 27 miRNAs, substitutions, deletions or insertions were observed. These variation patterns can imply differentiated mechanisms towards each genomic variant in human populations because of specific genomic patterns and geographic features. These findings may help in determining susceptibility for CC development. Further identification of cellular genes and signalling pathways involved in CC progression could lead new therapeutic strategies based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Guerrero Flórez
- Department of Biology, University of Nariño, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
- Department of Biology, Center for Health Studies at the University of Nariño (CESUN), University of Nariño, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
| | - Olivia Alexandra Guerrero Gómez
- Department of Biology, University of Nariño, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
- Department of Biology, Center for Health Studies at the University of Nariño (CESUN), University of Nariño, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
| | - Jaqueline Mena Huertas
- Department of Biology, University of Nariño, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
- Department of Biology, Center for Health Studies at the University of Nariño (CESUN), University of Nariño, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
| | - María Clara Yépez Chamorro
- Department of Biology, Center for Health Studies at the University of Nariño (CESUN), University of Nariño, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
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80
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HPV16 E2 variants correlated with radiotherapy treatment and biological significance in cervical cell carcinoma. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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81
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Araldi RP, Sant’Ana TA, Módolo DG, de Melo TC, Spadacci-Morena DD, de Cassia Stocco R, Cerutti JM, de Souza EB. The human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer biology: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1537-1556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Hu Z, Ma D. The precision prevention and therapy of HPV-related cervical cancer: new concepts and clinical implications. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5217-5236. [PMID: 30589505 PMCID: PMC6198240 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide, with concepts and knowledge about its prevention and treatment evolving rapidly. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a major factor that leads to cervical cancer, although HPV infection alone cannot cause the disease. In fact, HPV-driven cancer is a small probability event because most infections are transient and could be cleared spontaneously by host immune system. With persistent HPV infection, decades are required for progression to cervical cancer. Therefore, this long time window provides golden opportunity for clinical intervention, and the fundament here is to elucidate the carcinogenic pattern and applicable targets during HPV-host interaction. In this review, we discuss the key factors that contribute to the persistence of HPV and cervical carcinogenesis, emerging new concepts and technologies for cancer interventions, and more urgently, how these concepts and technologies might lead to clinical precision medicine which could provide prediction, prevention, and early treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hu
- Department of Gynecological oncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhongshan 2nd RoadYuexiu, GuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei430030China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei430030China
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83
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Stevenson A, Kavanagh K, Pan J, Stevenson L, Griffin H, Doorbar J, Scott E, Deeny M, Cuschieri K, Graham SV. Risk stratification of cervical disease using detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) E4 protein and cellular MCM protein in clinical liquid based cytology samples. J Clin Virol 2018; 108:19-25. [PMID: 30218891 PMCID: PMC6224362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytospinning is a viable method for preparing LBC cells for antibody staining. We assessed the performance of a dual biomarker (one viral: HPVE4, one cellular: MCM2) in risk stratification of cervical disease. MCM2 was significantly associated with CIN2+ (p = 0.03). HPVE4 was associated with CIN1/normal (p = 0.06). The dual biomarker approach may be useful to risk stratify cervical disease especially in resource-poor settings.
Background While human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing offers high sensitivity for the detection of significant cervical disease, its specificity is suboptimal given the high prevalence of transient HPV infections (CIN1 or less). Biomarkers to identify those suffering from low grade disease from those with high grade disease could save healthcare costs and reduce patient anxiety. Objective The objective of the present work was to develop and test an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based dual viral and cellular biomarker strategy which was applicable to liquid based cytology (LBC) samples. Study design We developed a novel IHC assay for detection of HPV E4 and cellular minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins in routinely taken cervical LBC samples using cytospin-prepared slides. The assay was applied to a prospective cohort of Scottish women referred to a colposcopy clinic due to preceding cytological abnormalities. The performance of the biomarkers for detection of clinically insignificant (CIN1 or less) versus significant disease was determined. Results A total of 81 women were recruited representing 64 cases of <=CIN1 and 28 of CIN2 + . Biomarker performance relative to histopathology outcomes showed high levels of MCM detection was significantly associated with CIN2+ (p = 0.03) while E4 was detected more frequently in <=CIN1 (p = 0.06). Conclusions Combined detection of a host proliferation marker and a marker of viral gene expression could allow triage of cases of clinically insignificant disease prior to colposcopy. However, there was overlap between distributions of MCM levels in CIN2+ and <=CIN1 suggesting that additional biomarkers would be required for improved specificity. Combined with cytospin-prepared slides this approach could provide a means of risk stratification of disease in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stevenson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Kim Kavanagh
- Mathematics and Statistics, Livingstone Tower, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Jiafeng Pan
- Mathematics and Statistics, Livingstone Tower, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Lynne Stevenson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Heather Griffin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Evelyn Scott
- Stobhill Hospital, 133 Balornock Rd, Glasgow G21 3UW, Scotland, UK
| | - Miriam Deeny
- Stobhill Hospital, 133 Balornock Rd, Glasgow G21 3UW, Scotland, UK.
| | - Kate Cuschieri
- Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Sheila V Graham
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
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84
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Yan X, Huang C, Ye X, Sun X, Qin S, Zhong X, Zeng C, Liu D, Zou X, Liu Y, Wu J, Wen Z, Yang G, Jing C, Wei X. Association Between MALAT1 and THRIL Polymorphisms and Precancerous Cervical Lesions. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:509-517. [PMID: 30188187 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of cervical cancer is a complex process, for which human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor, although not all women infected with HPV will develop the disease. Knockout of mammalian lung metastasis associated transcript 1 (MALAT1) is associated with increased risk for several cancer types, whereas the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) THRIL is essential for induction of tumor necrosis factor-α expression, which plays important roles in HPV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the effects of polymorphisms in the lncRNAs MALAT1 and THRIL on the susceptibility to precancerous cervical lesions, 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed from 164 cervical precancerous lesion cases and 428 controls. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and haplotype associations were also evaluated. RESULTS We found a significantly decreased risk of precancerous cervical lesions for the THRIL rs7133268 AG genotype (odds ratio adjusted = 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.42-0.94, p = 0.025). Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis identified a significant two-locus interaction model involved in HPV infection and THRIL rs7133268 (training balanced accuracy = 0.6957, testing balanced accuracy = 0.6948, cross-validation consistency = 10/10, p = 0.0046). Other SNPs, including the two identified for MALAT1, were not significantly related to the risk of precancerous cervical lesions. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the rs7133268 polymorphism of the lncRNA THRIL gene can reduce the genetic susceptibility of precancerous cervical lesions and in turn reduce the risk of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- 2 Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou, China .,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiumin Yan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuican Huang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingguang Ye
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Sun
- 2 Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou, China .,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuang Qin
- 2 Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou, China .,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingming Zhong
- 2 Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengli Zeng
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zou
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Wen
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- 4 Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China .,5 Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China .,5 Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Wei
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou, China
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Zhu D, Shen H, Tan S, Hu Z, Wang L, Yu L, Tian X, Ding W, Ren C, Gao C, Cheng J, Deng M, Liu R, Hu J, Xi L, Wu P, Zhang Z, Ma D, Wang H. Nanoparticles Based on Poly (β-Amino Ester) and HPV16-Targeting CRISPR/shRNA as Potential Drugs for HPV16-Related Cervical Malignancy. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2443-2455. [PMID: 30241742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent high-risk HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. The HPV oncogene E7 plays an important role in HPV carcinogenesis. Currently, HPV vaccines do not offer an effective treatment for women who already present with cervical disease, and recommended periodical cervical screenings are difficult to perform in countries and areas lacking medical resources. Our aim was to develop nanoparticles (NPs) based on poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE) and HPV16 E7-targeting CRISPR/short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to reduce the levels of HPV16 E7 as a preliminary form of a drug to treat HPV infection and its related cervical malignancy. Our NPs showed low toxicity in cells and mouse organs. By reducing the expression of HPV16 E7, our NPs could inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cells and xenograft tumors in nude mice, and they could reverse the malignant cervical epithelium phenotype in HPV16 transgenic mice. The performance of NPs containing shRNA is better than that of NPs containing CRISPR. HPV-targeting NPs consisting of PBAE and CRISPR/shRNA could potentially be developed as drugs to treat HPV infection and HPV-related cervical malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Songwei Tan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Gynecological Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ci Ren
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chun Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ling Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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86
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Molano M, Buitrago O, Moreno-Acosta P, Garland SM, Morales N, Huertas A, Martinez T, Gamboa O, Tabrizi SN, Cornall A, Muñoz N. Follow-up study of HPV58 variants in women with incident HPV58 infection from a Colombian cohort. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2511-2516. [PMID: 30013645 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain variants of human papillomavirus (HPV)type 58 are associated with an increased risk of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. However, little is known about the persistence of HPV58 E6/E7 variants in women with incident HPV58 infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and persistence of HPV58 E6/E7 variants in 71 women with incident HPV58 infection throughout their follow-up. These women belonged to a cohort examined in a longitudinal study of 1,610 Colombian women, who were HPV-negative and had normal baseline cytology. E6/E7 DNA regions of HPV58-positive samples were amplified and sequenced using automated direct sequencing. A total of 639 samples were analyzed from the 71 women, and 117 samples (18.3%) were HPV58-positive. HPV58 E6/E7 variants were detected in 85.5% of the samples. The T307/A694/G744/A761 variant was identified in 88% of the samples, the T307/G744 variant was identified in 9% of samples and the T187/T307/A367/G744/G793/T798/A801/T840/C852 was identified in 3% of the samples. Overall, 50% of the HPV58 infections were present after 1 year of follow-up and all infections were cleared after 7 years. Women who had first sexual intercourse at >15 years of age had a lower clearance rate than those who had sexual intercourse for the first time at ≤15 years of age [hazard ratio (HR)=0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.09-0.92]. Likewise, parous women had a higher clearance rate than nulliparous women (HR=3.43, 95% CI=1.23-9.60). There was no difference in clearance rates between HPV58 E6/E7 variants. In conclusion, HPV58 variants were not associated with persistence of the infection in this group of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Molano
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia.,Research Group in Radiobiology Clinical, Molecular and Cellular, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Oscar Buitrago
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Pablo Moreno-Acosta
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia.,Research Group in Radiobiology Clinical, Molecular and Cellular, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicolás Morales
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Antonio Huertas
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Teresa Martinez
- Epidemiologic Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Oscar Gamboa
- Unit of Analysis, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
| | - Sepehr N Tabrizi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alyssa Cornall
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nubia Muñoz
- Research Area, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia
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87
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Yang D, Zhang W, Liu Y, Liang J, Zhang T, Bai Y, Hao W, Ma K, Lu D, Chen J. Single-cell whole-genome sequencing identifies human papillomavirus integration in cervical tumour cells prior to and following radiotherapy. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9633-9640. [PMID: 29928338 PMCID: PMC6004640 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing technology is a promising systematic and comprehensive approach to delineate clonal associations between cells. The present study collected 13 and 12 cervical cells from fresh tumour tissue prior to and following radiotherapy, respectively, from a 46-year-old female patient with exogenous-type cervical carcinoma. Next, single-cell whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed on each cell. Examination revealed that normal cells could be clearly distinguished from tumour cells among the 25 cells. Tumour cells prior to and following radiotherapy almost represented two independent clones, with the main subpopulation prior to radiotherapy being killed and the minor subpopulation prior to radiotherapy becoming the main subpopulation following radiotherapy. A human papillomavirus (HPV) integration site was detected in POU class 5 homeobox 1B (POU5F1B) in tumour cells following radiotherapy, which has been reported to be a frequent HPV integration site in cervical carcinoma. These results indicate that tumour cells with HPV integration in POU5F1B survive radiotherapy, and that tumour cells prior to and following radiotherapy exhibit distinct characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Junqing Liang
- Department of Gynaecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Yunbo Bai
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Ma
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Danni Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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88
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Yu L, Tian X, Gao C, Wu P, Wang L, Feng B, Li X, Wang H, Ma D, Hu Z. Genome editing for the treatment of tumorigenic viral infections and virus-related carcinomas. Front Med 2018; 12:497-508. [PMID: 29651774 PMCID: PMC7088620 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections cause at least 10%-15% of all human carcinomas. Over the last century, the elucidation of viral oncogenic roles in many cancer types has provided fundamental knowledge on carcinogenetic mechanisms and established a basis for the early intervention of virus-related cancers. Meanwhile, rapidly evolving genome-editing techniques targeting viral DNA/RNA have emerged as novel therapeutic strategies for treating virus-related carcinogenesis and have begun showing promising results. This review discusses the recent advances of genome-editing tools for treating tumorigenic viruses and their corresponding cancers, the challenges that must be overcome before clinically applying such genome-editing technologies, and more importantly, the potential solutions to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chun Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bei Feng
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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89
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Yilmaz G, Biswas-Fiss EE, Biswas SB. Genetic variations in the DNA replication origins of human papillomavirus family correlate with their oncogenic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:979-990. [PMID: 29288769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) encompass a large family of viruses that range from benign to highly carcinogenic. The crucial differences between benign and carcinogenic types of HPV remain unknown, except that the two HPV types differ in the frequency of DNA replication. We have systematically analyzed the mechanism of HPV DNA replication initiation in low-risk and high-risk HPVs. Our results demonstrate that HPV-encoded E2 initiator protein and its four binding sites in the replication origin play pivotal roles in determining the destiny of the HPV-infected cell. We have identified strain-specific single nucleotide variations in E2 binding sites found only in the high-risk HPVs. We have demonstrated that these variations result in attenuated formation of the E2-DNA complex. E2 binding to these sites is linked to the activation of the DNA replication origin as well as initiation of DNA replication. Both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and atomic force microscopy studies demonstrated that binding of E2 from either low- or high-risk HPVs with variant binding sequences lacked multimeric E2-DNA complex formation in vitro. These results provided a molecular basis of differential DNA replication in the two types of HPVs and pointed to a correlation with the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulden Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, United States
| | - Esther E Biswas-Fiss
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Subhasis B Biswas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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90
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Dhanaraj P, Devadas A, Muthiah I. A comparative meta-genomic analysis of HPV strains: A step towards the design, synthesis and characterization of noval quenazoline derivative for antiviral activity. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 73:213-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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91
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Human papillomavirus type 16 E5-mediated upregulation of Met in human keratinocytes. Virology 2018; 519:1-11. [PMID: 29609071 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause benign lesions that can lead to malignancy. How cellular changes induced by viral oncogenes contribute to the progeny virion production is not always clear. Stromally-derived growth factors and their receptors are critical for development of malignancy, but their impact on the pre-malignant HPV life cycle is unknown. We show that HPV16 increases levels of Met, a growth factor receptor critical for tumor cell invasion, motility, and cancer metastasis. The viral oncogene E5 is primarily responsible for Met upregulation, with E6 playing a minor role. Met induction by E5 requires the epidermal growth factor receptor, which is also increased by E5 at the mRNA level. E5-induced Met contributes motility of HPV-containing cells. Finally, Met signaling is necessary for viral gene expression, particularly in the differentiation-dependent phase of the viral life cycle. These studies show a new role for E5 in epithelial-stromal interactions, with implications for cancer development.
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92
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Groves IJ, Coleman N. Human papillomavirus genome integration in squamous carcinogenesis: what have next-generation sequencing studies taught us? J Pathol 2018; 245:9-18. [PMID: 29443391 DOI: 10.1002/path.5058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with ∼5% of all human cancers, including a range of squamous cell carcinomas. Persistent infection by high-risk HPVs (HRHPVs) is associated with the integration of virus genomes (which are usually stably maintained as extrachromosomal episomes) into host chromosomes. Although HRHPV integration rates differ across human sites of infection, this process appears to be an important event in HPV-associated neoplastic progression, leading to deregulation of virus oncogene expression, host gene expression modulation, and further genomic instability. However, the mechanisms by which HRHPV integration occur and by which the subsequent gene expression changes take place are incompletely understood. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of both RNA and DNA has allowed powerful interrogation of the association of HRHPVs with human disease, including precise determination of the sites of integration and the genomic rearrangements at integration loci. In turn, these data have indicated that integration occurs through two main mechanisms: looping integration and direct insertion. Improved understanding of integration sites is allowing further investigation of the factors that provide a competitive advantage to some integrants during disease progression. Furthermore, advanced approaches to the generation of genome-wide samples have given novel insights into the three-dimensional interactions within the nucleus, which could act as another layer of epigenetic control of both virus and host transcription. It is hoped that further advances in NGS techniques and analysis will not only allow the examination of further unanswered questions regarding HPV infection, but also direct new approaches to treating HPV-associated human disease. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Groves
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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93
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Bienkowska-Haba M, Luszczek W, Myers JE, Keiffer TR, DiGiuseppe S, Polk P, Bodily JM, Scott RS, Sapp M. A new cell culture model to genetically dissect the complete human papillomavirus life cycle. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006846. [PMID: 29494681 PMCID: PMC5833277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel infection model that achieves highly efficient infection of primary keratinocytes with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). This cell culture model does not depend on immortalization and is amenable to extensive genetic analyses. In monolayer cell culture, the early but not late promoter was active and yielded a spliced viral transcript pattern similar to HPV16-immortalized keratinocytes. However, relative levels of the E8^E2 transcript increased over time post infection suggesting the expression of this viral repressor is regulated independently of other early proteins and that it may be important for the shift from the establishment to the maintenance phase of the viral life cycle. Both the early and the late promoter were strongly activated when infected cells were subjected to differentiation by growth in methylcellulose. When grown as organotypic raft cultures, HPV16-infected cells expressed late E1^E4 and L1 proteins and replication foci were detected, suggesting that they supported the completion of the viral life cycle. As a proof of principle that the infection system may be used for genetic dissection of viral factors, we analyzed E1, E6 and E7 translation termination linker mutant virus for establishment of infection and genome maintenance. E1 but not E6 and E7 was essential to establish infection. Furthermore, E6 but not E7 was required for episomal genome maintenance. Primary keratinocytes infected with wild type HPV16 immortalized, whereas keratinocytes infected with E6 and E7 knockout virus began to senesce 25 to 35 days post infection. The novel infection model provides a powerful genetic tool to study the role of viral proteins throughout the viral life cycle but especially for immediate early events and enables us to compare low- and high-risk HPV types in the context of infection. Current cell culture models for the study of the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle depend on immortalized keratinocytes harboring episomal HPV genomes. However, the requirement for immortalization restricts the study to only a few HPV types and does not allow investigating immediate early events of the viral life cycle. Despite many efforts, efficient infection of primary keratinocytes has not been achieved until now. Using pre-binding of virus to extracellular matrix deposited by keratinocytes, we now achieve very efficient infection of primary keratinocytes. The infection model allows studying the complete viral lifecycle. It could be extended to HPV types that do not immortalize keratinocytes and allows an extensive genetic screen of the contributions of viral factors throughout the viral lifecycle. It should aid the investigations of processes leading to HPV-induced immortalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Bienkowska-Haba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Wioleta Luszczek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Julia E. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Keiffer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Stephen DiGiuseppe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Paula Polk
- Research Core Facility, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jason M. Bodily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rona S. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Martin Sapp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xiao S, Tang YS, Kusumanchi P, Stabler SP, Zhang Y, Antony AC. Folate Deficiency Facilitates Genomic Integration of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 DNA In Vivo in a Novel Mouse Model for Rapid Oncogenic Transformation of Human Keratinocytes. J Nutr 2018; 148:389-400. [PMID: 29546304 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic and in vitro studies suggest independent linkages between poor folate and/or vitamin B-12 nutrition, genomic human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 viral integration, and cancer. However, there is no direct evidence in vivo to support the causative role of poor folate nutrition in HPV16 integration into the cellular genome. Objective We tested the hypothesis that folate deficiency enables the integration of HPV16 into the genome of HPV16-harboring keratinocytes, and could thereby influence earlier transformation of these cells to cancer in an animal model. Methods HPV16-harboring human keratinocytes [(HPV16)BC-1-Ep/SL] were differentiated into 3-dimensional HPV16-organotypic rafts under either folate-replete or folate-deficient conditions in vitro. These were then subcutaneously implanted in severely immunocompromised female Beige Nude XID (Hsd: NIHS-LystbgFoxn1nuBtkxid) mice (4-6 wk old, 16-18 g) fed either a folate-replete diet (1200 nmol folate/kg diet) or a progressively folate-deficient diet (600 or 400 nmol folate/kg diet) for 2 mo prior to raft-implantation surgery, and indefinitely thereafter. The tumors that subsequently developed were characterized for onset, pattern of growth, morphology, HPV16 oncogene expression, and HPV16-genomic integration. Results All HPV16-organotypic rafts developed in either folate-replete or physiologic low-folate media in vitro and subsequently implanted in folate-replete mice eventually transformed into aggressive malignancies within weeks. When compared to HPV16-high folate-organotypic raft-derived tumors from mice fed either a 1200 or 600 nmol folate/kg diet, those raft-derived cancers that developed in mice fed a 400 nmol folate/kg diet expressed significantly more HPV16 E6 (1.8-fold more) and E7 (2.8-fold more) oncogenic proteins (P = 0.001), and revealed significantly more HPV16-integration sites in genomic DNA (2-fold more), either directly into, or in the vicinity of, cellular genes (P < 0.05). Conclusions This unprecedented animal model for the consistent rapid transformation of differentiated (HPV16)BC-1-Ep/SL-derived organotypic raft-keratinocytes to cancer in Beige Nude XID mice confirms that dietary folate deficiency can profoundly influence and modulate events leading to HPV16-induced carcinogenesis, and facilitates genomic integration of HPV16 DNA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhong Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ying-Sheng Tang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Sally P Stabler
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Asok C Antony
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Richard L Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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Bottari F, Boveri S, Iacobone AD, Gulmini C, Igidbashian S, Cassatella MC, Landoni F, Sandri MT. Transition from Hybrid Capture 2 to Cobas 4800 in Hpv detection: sensitivity and specificity for Cin2+ in two time periods. Infect Dis (Lond) 2018; 50:554-559. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2018.1441538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bottari
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Boveri
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Gulmini
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Igidbashian
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Landoni
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sandri
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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96
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Choi YJ, Lee A, Kim TJ, Jin HT, Seo YB, Park JS, Lee SJ. E2/E6 ratio and L1 immunoreactivity as biomarkers to determine HPV16-positive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (CIN2 and 3) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. J Gynecol Oncol 2018; 29:e38. [PMID: 29400024 PMCID: PMC5920222 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 is the most carcinogenic HPV genotype. We investigated if HPV16 L1 capsid protein and E2/E6 ratio, evaluated by cervical cytology, may be used as biomarkers of ≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 lesions. Methods Cervical specimens were obtained from 226 patients with HPV16 single infection. Using cytology specimen, L1 capsid protein and E2/E6 ratio were detected and the results were compared with those of the conventional histologic analysis of cervical tissues (CIN1–3 and squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) to evaluate the association. Results The L1 positivity of CIN2/3 was significantly lower than that of normal cervical tissue (p<0.001) and SCC demonstrated significantly lower L1 positivity than CIN1 (p<0.001). The mean E2/E6 ratios of specimens graded as SCC (0.356) and CIN2/3 (0.483) were significantly lower than those of specimens graded as CIN1 (0.786) and normal (0.793) (p<0.05). We observed that area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for E2/E6 ratio (0.844; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.793–0.895) was higher than that for L1 immunochemistry (0.636; 95% CI=0.562–0.711). A combination of E2/E6 ratio and L1 immunocytochemistry analyses showed the highest AUC (0.871; 95% CI=0.826–0.917) for the prediction of ≥CIN2 lesions. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to validate HPV L1 capsid protein expression and decreased HPV E2/E6 ratio as valuable predictive markers of ≥CIN2 cervical lesions. Cervical cytology may be analyzed longitudinally on an outpatient basis with noninvasive procedures as against invasive conventional histologic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Tak Jin
- Research Institute, SL BIGEN, Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Bok Seo
- Research Institute, SL BIGEN, Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Trujillo E, Sanchéz R, Bravo MM. Integración, carga viral y niveles de ARN mensajero de E2 de VPH 16 en la progresión de lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v23n1.63487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Entre las lesiones intraepiteliales escamosas cervicales (LIE) es importante distinguir aquellas asociadas con mayor riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si los niveles de expresión de E2 del VPH16 en mujeres con LIE y con evidencia de integración viral se asocian con el grado de la lesión. Se analizaron 109 cepillados cervicales positivos para VPH 16 provenientes de 19 mujeres sin LIE, 45 mujeres con LIE de bajo grado (LIEBG) y 45 mujeres con LIE de alto grado (LIEAG). Se cuantificó el número de copias de ARNm de E2 y de los genes E2 y E6 mediante PCR en tiempo real para determinar la carga viral (E6) y la proporción E2/E6 para evaluar la integración viral. Se encontraron frecuencias similares de expresión de E2 en LEIBG y LEIAG 15/45 (33 %), la frecuencia en mujeres sin lesión fue menor 3/19 (15,8 %), todos los casos en los que se observó expresión del gen E2 tenían mezcla de ADN viral episomal e integrado. La carga viral aumentó significativamente a mayor grado de la lesión (p=0,049), mientras que la proporción E2/E6 disminuyó (p=0,049). El análisis ROC mostró una baja capacidad de los tres parámetros virales para distinguir entre lesiones de bajo y alto grado. En conclusión, aunque las lesiones con presencia de ADN viral mixto e integrado y expresión de E2 podrían estar en menor riesgo de progresión, y la carga viral y la integración se relacionaron con mayor gravedad de la lesión, su valor clínico como biomarcadores de LEIAG es limitado.
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98
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Torres-Rojas FI, Alarcón-Romero LDC, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Mendoza-Catalán MÁ, Hernández-Sotelo D, Del Moral-Hernández O, Rodríguez-Ruiz HA, Leyva-Illades D, Flores-Alfaro E, Illades-Aguiar B. Methylation of the L1 gene and integration of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 in cervical carcinoma and premalignant lesions. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2278-2286. [PMID: 29434935 PMCID: PMC5776931 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical carcinoma (CC). Viral integration into the host chromosomes is associated with neoplastic progression, and epigenetic changes may occur as a result. The objective of the present study was to analyze HPV L1 gene methylation and to compare the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) and L1 methylation analysis as methods for detecting HPV integration. Cervical scrapes or biopsy samples positive for HPV 16 or 18, from 187 female patients with CC, squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) or no intraepithelial lesion (non-IL) were analyzed. Methylation of the L1 gene was determined using bisulfite modification followed by PCR, and HPV integration was subsequently analyzed. HPV 16 L1 gene methylation was revealed to increase with histological grade, with statistically significant differences observed as follows: Low-grade SIL vs. CC, P<0.0001 and non-IL vs. CC, P<0.0001. HPV 18 L1 gene methylation also increased according to histological grade, however, no statistically significant differences were observed. Methylation at CpG site 5608 of the HPV 16 L1 gene was associated with all grades of cervical lesions, whereas methylation at CpG site 5617 demonstrated the strongest association with CC (odds ratio, 42.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.7-1861; P<0.0001). The concordance rates between the various methods for the detection of the physical status of HPV 16 and HPV 18 were 96.1% for qPCR and ISH, 76.7% for qPCR and L1 gene methylation, and 84.8% for ISH and L1 gene methylation. In conclusion, methylation of the HPV 16 L1 gene increases significantly according to the grade of the cervical lesion, and methylation at CpG sites 5608 and 5617 of this gene may be used as prognostic biomarkers. ISH and L1 gene methylation have good concordance with qPCR with regards to the detection of HPV integration. Therefore, these are useful methods in determining the physical state of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Israel Torres-Rojas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratory of Cytopathology and Histochemistry, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Dinorah Leyva-Illades
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
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RNA-Seq Analysis of Differentiated Keratinocytes Reveals a Massive Response to Late Events during Human Papillomavirus 16 Infection, Including Loss of Epithelial Barrier Function. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01001-17. [PMID: 29021401 PMCID: PMC5709591 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01001-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) replication cycle is tightly linked to epithelial cell differentiation. To examine HPV-associated changes in the keratinocyte transcriptome, RNAs isolated from undifferentiated and differentiated cell populations of normal, spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes (NIKS) and NIKS stably transfected with HPV16 episomal genomes (NIKS16) were compared using next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq). HPV16 infection altered expression of 2,862 cellular genes. Next, to elucidate the role of keratinocyte gene expression in late events during the viral life cycle, RNA-Seq was carried out on triplicate differentiated populations of NIKS (uninfected) and NIKS16 (infected). Of the top 966 genes altered (>log2 = 1.8, 3.5-fold change), 670 genes were downregulated and 296 genes were upregulated. HPV downregulated many genes involved in epithelial barrier function, which involves structural resistance to the environment and immunity to infectious agents. For example, HPV infection repressed expression of the differentiated keratinocyte-specific pattern recognition receptor TLR7, the Langerhans cell chemoattractant CCL20, and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β. However, the type I interferon regulator IRF1, kappa interferon (IFN-κ), and viral restriction factors (IFIT1, -2, -3, and -5, OASL, CD74, and RTP4) were upregulated. HPV infection abrogated gene expression associated with the physical epithelial barrier, including keratinocyte cytoskeleton, intercellular junctions, and cell adhesion. Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting confirmed changes in expression of seven of the most significantly altered mRNAs. Expression of three genes showed statistically significant changes during cervical disease progression in clinical samples. Taken together, the data indicate that HPV infection manipulates the differentiating keratinocyte transcriptome to create an environment conducive to productive viral replication and egress. IMPORTANCE HPV genome amplification and capsid formation take place in differentiated keratinocytes. The viral life cycle is intimately associated with host cell differentiation. Deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) of RNA from undifferentiated and differentiated uninfected and HPV16-positive keratinocytes showed that almost 3,000 genes were differentially expressed in keratinocytes due to HPV16 infection. Strikingly, the epithelial barrier function of differentiated keratinocytes, comprising keratinocyte immune function and cellular structure, was found to be disrupted. These data provide new insights into the virus-host interaction that is crucial for the production of infectious virus and reveal that HPV infection remodels keratinocytes for completion of the virus replication cycle.
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100
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Wang KD, Xu DJ, Wang BY, Yan DH, Lv Z, Su JR. Inhibitory Effect of Vaginal Lactobacillus Supernatants on Cervical Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 10:236-242. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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