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Li J, Wang Z, He G, Ma L, Deng XW. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of TaNP1 genes results in complete male sterility in bread wheat. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:263-272. [PMID: 32694014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Male sterile genes and mutants are valuable resources in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops. High genetic redundancy due to allohexaploidy makes it difficult to obtain the nuclear recessive male sterile mutants through spontaneous mutation or chemical or physical mutagenesis methods in wheat. The emerging effective genome editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 system, makes it possible to achieve simultaneous mutagenesis in multiple homoeoalleles. To improve the genome modification efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in wheat, we compared four different RNA polymerase (Pol) III promoters (TaU3p, TaU6p, OsU3p, and OsU6p) and three types of sgRNA scaffold in the protoplast system. We show that the TaU3 promoter-driven optimized sgRNA scaffold was most effective. The optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to edit three TaNP1 homoeoalleles, whose orthologs, OsNP1 in rice and ZmIPE1 in maize, encode a putative glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase and are required for male sterility. Triple homozygous mutations in TaNP1 genes result in complete male sterility. We further demonstrated that any one wild-type copy of the three TaNP1 genes is sufficient for maintenance of male fertility. Taken together, this study provides an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 vector for wheat genome editing and a complete male sterile mutant for development of a commercially viable hybrid wheat seed production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Guangming He
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ligeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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52
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Biolistic DNA Delivery in Maize Immature Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32277454 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
One of the key factors for ensuring a successful genetic transformation is to effectively introduce genetic materials, such as plasmid DNA, into plant cells. A biolistic gun is one of the two best established and most popular tools for delivery of DNA into maize cells. It is the method that generated the first fertile transgenic maize plant. In this chapter, we describe steps involved in introducing single or paired plasmid DNAs into immature embryos of maize Hi II hybrid genotype, using Biolistic® PDS-1000/He particle delivery system. While we focus on the biolistic delivery process in the protocol presented here, we also provide step-by-step information required for successful regeneration of transgenic maize plants.
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Hu W, Figueroa‐Balderas R, Chi‐Ham C, Lagarias JC. Regulation of monocot and dicot plant development with constitutively active alleles of phytochrome B. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00210. [PMID: 32346668 PMCID: PMC7184922 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The constitutively active missense allele of Arabidopsis phytochrome B, AtPHYBY276H or AtYHB, encodes a polypeptide that adopts a light-insensitive, physiologically active conformation capable of sustaining photomorphogenesis in darkness. Here, we show that the orthologous OsYHB allele of rice phytochrome B (OsPHYBY283H ) also encodes a dominant "constitutively active" photoreceptor through comparative phenotypic analyses of AtYHB and OsYHB transgenic lines of four eudicot species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Nicotiana sylvestris and Solanum lycopersicum cv. MicroTom (tomato), and of two monocot species, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and Brachypodium distachyon. Reciprocal transformation experiments show that the gain-of-function constitutive photomorphogenic (cop) phenotypes by YHB expression are stronger in host plants within the same class than across classes. Our studies also reveal additional YHB-dependent traits in adult plants, which include extreme shade tolerance, both early and late flowering behaviors, delayed leaf senescence, reduced tillering, and even viviparous seed germination. However, the strength of these gain-of-function phenotypes depends on the specific combination of YHB allele and species/cultivar transformed. Flowering and tillering of OsYHB- and OsPHYB-expressing lines of rice Nipponbare and Kitaake cultivars were compared, also revealing differences in YHB/PHYB allele versus genotype interaction on the phenotypic behavior of the two rice cultivars. In view of recent evidence that the regulatory activity of AtYHB is not only light insensitive but also temperature insensitive, selective YHB expression is expected to yield improved agronomic performance of both dicot and monocot crop plant species not possible with wild-type PHYB alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Rosa Figueroa‐Balderas
- Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA)University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Cecilia Chi‐Ham
- Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA)University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
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54
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Liu R, Zou X, Wang Y, Long Q, Pei Y. A 100 bp GAGA motif-containing sequence in AGAMOUS second intron is able to suppress the activity of CaMV35S enhancer in vegetative tissues. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230203. [PMID: 32134990 PMCID: PMC7058354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower-specific promoters enable genetic manipulation of floral organs to improve crop yield and quality without affecting vegetative growth. However, the identification of strong tissue-specific promoters is a challenge. In addition, information on cis elements that is able to repress gene expression in vegetative tissues remains limited. Here, we report that fusing a 35S enhancer to the stamen- and carpel-specific NtAGIP1 promoter derived from the tobacco AGAMOUS second intron (AGI) can significantly increase the promoter activity. Interestingly, although the activity of the new promoter extends to sepals and pedicles, it does not cross the boundary of the reproductive organs. Serial deletion of the AGI and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay reveal a 100-bp fragment that contains a conserved GAGA factor binding motif contributes to the flower specificity by mediating histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification of the promoter. Furthermore, this fragment shows significant suppressive effect on the activity of the 35S enhancer in vegetative tissues, consequently, resulting in a significant increase of the activity of 35S enhancer:AGI chimeric promoter without sacrifice of its specificity in inflorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Pei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Park SI, Kim JJ, Shin SY, Kim YS, Yoon HS. ASR Enhances Environmental Stress Tolerance and Improves Grain Yield by Modulating Stomatal Closure in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1752. [PMID: 32117337 PMCID: PMC7033646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) genes are involved in responding to abiotic stresses, but their precise roles in enhancing grain yield under stress conditions remain to be determined. We cloned a rice (Oryza sativa) ASR gene, OsASR1, and characterized its function in rice plants. OsASR1 expression was induced by abscisic acid (ABA), salt, and drought treatments. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsASR1 displayed improved water regulation under salt and drought stresses, which was associated with osmolyte accumulation, improved modulation of stomatal closure, and reduced transpiration rates. OsASR1-overexpressing plants were hypersensitive to exogenous ABA and accumulated higher endogenous ABA levels under salt and drought stresses, indicating that OsASR1 is a positive regulator of the ABA signaling pathway. The growth of OsASR1-overexpressing plants was superior to that of wild-type (WT) plants under paddy field conditions when irrigation was withheld, likely due to improved modulation of stomatal closure via modified ABA signaling. The transgenic plants had higher grain yields than WT plants for four consecutive generations. We conclude that OsASR1 has a crucial role in ABA-mediated regulation of stomatal closure to conserve water under salt- and drought-stress conditions, and OsASR1 overexpression can enhance salinity and drought tolerance, resulting in improved crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Im Park
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Shin
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Kim
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Advanced Bio-Resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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56
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Nitovska IO, Abraimova OY, Duplij VP, Derkach KV, Satarova TM, Rudas VA, Cherchel VY, Dziubetskyi BV, Morgun BV. Application of Beta-Glucuronidase Transient Expression for Selection of Maize Genotypes Competent for Genetic Transformation. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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57
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Liu X, Zhu X, Wei X, Lu C, Shen F, Zhang X, Zhang Z. The wheat LLM-domain-containing transcription factor TaGATA1 positively modulates host immune response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:344-355. [PMID: 31536614 PMCID: PMC6913698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is essential for global food security. Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal pathogen of sharp eyespot, an important disease of wheat. GATA proteins in model plants have been implicated in growth and development; however, little is known about their roles in immunity. Here, we report a defence role for a wheat LLM-domain-containing B-GATA transcription factor, TaGATA1, against R. cerealis infection and explore the underlying mechanism. Through transcriptomic analysis, TaGATA1 was identified to be more highly expressed in resistant wheat genotypes than in susceptible wheat genotypes. TaGATA1 was located on chromosome 3B and had two homoeologous genes on chromosomes 3A and 3D. TaGATA1 was found to be localized in the nucleus, possessed transcriptional activation activity, and bound to GATA-core cis-elements. TaGATA1 overexpression significantly enhanced resistance of transgenic wheat to R. cerealis, whereas silencing of TaGATA1 suppressed the resistance. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and ChIP-qPCR results indicated that TaGATA1 directly bound to and activated certain defence genes in host immune response to R. cerealis. Collectively, TaGATA1 positively regulates immune responses to R. cerealis through activating expression of defence genes in wheat. This study reveals a new function of plant GATAs in immunity and provides a candidate gene for improving crop resistance to R. cerealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Wei
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, UK
| | - Fangdi Shen
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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58
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Altenbach SB, Chang HC, Rowe MH, Yu XB, Simon-Buss A, Seabourn BW, Green PH, Alaedini A. Reducing the Immunogenic Potential of Wheat Flour: Silencing of Alpha Gliadin Genes in a U.S. Wheat Cultivar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 32161604 PMCID: PMC7052357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The alpha gliadins are a group of more than 20 proteins with very similar sequences that comprise about 15%-20% of the total flour protein and contribute to the functional properties of wheat flour dough. Some alpha gliadins also contain immunodominant epitopes that trigger celiac disease, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population. In an attempt to reduce the immunogenic potential of wheat flour from the U.S. spring wheat cultivar Butte 86, RNA interference was used to silence a subset of alpha gliadin genes encoding proteins containing celiac disease epitopes. Two of the resulting transgenic lines were analyzed in detail by quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Although the RNA interference construct was designed to target only some alpha gliadin genes, all alpha gliadins were effectively silenced in the transgenic plants. In addition, some off-target silencing of high molecular weight glutenin subunits was detected in both transgenic lines. Compensatory effects were not observed within other gluten protein classes. Reactivities of IgG and IgA antibodies from a cohort of patients with celiac disease toward proteins from the transgenic lines were reduced significantly relative to the nontransgenic line. Both mixing properties and SDS sedimentation volumes suggested a decrease in dough strength in the transgenic lines when compared to the control. The data suggest that it will be difficult to selectively silence specific genes within families as complex as the wheat alpha gliadins. Nonetheless, it may be possible to reduce the immunogenic potential of the flour and still retain many of the functional properties essential for the utilization of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B. Altenbach
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Susan B. Altenbach, ; Armin Alaedini,
| | - Han-Chang Chang
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Matthew H. Rowe
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
- Takara Bio USA, Inc., Mountain View, CA, United States
| | - Xuechen B. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Annamaria Simon-Buss
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bradford W. Seabourn
- Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Peter H. Green
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Armin Alaedini
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Susan B. Altenbach, ; Armin Alaedini,
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Tatineni S, Sato S, Nersesian N, Alexander J, Quach T, Graybosch RA, Clemente TE. Transgenic Wheat Harboring an RNAi Element Confers Dual Resistance Against Synergistically Interacting Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and Triticum Mosaic Virus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:108-122. [PMID: 31687913 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-19-0275-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are economically important viruses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing significant yield losses in the Great Plains region of the United States. These two viruses are transmitted by wheat curl mites, which often leads to mixed infections with synergistic interaction in grower fields that exacerbates yield losses. Development of dual-resistant wheat lines would provide effective control of these two viruses. In this study, a genetic resistance strategy employing an RNA interference (RNAi) approach was implemented by assembling a hairpin element composed of a 202-bp (404-bp in total) stem sequence of the NIb (replicase) gene from each of WSMV and TriMV in tandem and of an intron sequence in the loop. The derived RNAi element was cloned into a binary vector and was used to transform spring wheat genotype CB037. Phenotyping of T1 lineages across eight independent transgenic events for resistance revealed that i) two of the transgenic events provided resistance to WSMV and TriMV, ii) four events provided resistance to either WSMV or TriMV, and iii) no resistance was found in two other events. T2 populations derived from the two events classified as dual-resistant were subsequently monitored for stability of the resistance phenotype through the T4 generation. The resistance phenotype in these events was temperature-dependent, with a complete dual resistance at temperatures ≥25°C and an increasingly susceptible response at temperatures below 25°C. Northern blot hybridization of total RNA from transgenic wheat revealed that virus-specific small RNAs (vsRNAs) accumulated progressively with an increase in temperature, with no detectable levels of vsRNA accumulation at 20°C. Thus, the resistance phenotype of wheat harboring an RNAi element was correlated with accumulation of vsRNAs, and the generation of vsRNAs can be used as a molecular marker for the prediction of resistant phenotypes of transgenic plants at a specific temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Tatineni
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Shirley Sato
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | | | | | - Truyen Quach
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | | | - Tom Elmo Clemente
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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60
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Emerick K, Ronald PC. Sub1 Rice: Engineering Rice for Climate Change. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034637. [PMID: 31182543 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
By the year 2100, the number of people on Earth is expected to increase by ∼50%, placing increasing demands on food production in a time when a changing climate is predicted to compromise crop yields. Feeding this future world requires scientifically informed innovations in agriculture. Here, we describe how a rice gene conferring tolerance to prolonged submergence has helped farmers in South and Southeast Asia mitigate rice crop failure during floods. We discuss how planting of this new variety benefited socially disadvantaged groups. This example indicates that investment in agricultural improvement can protect farmers from risks associated with a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Emerick
- Department of Economics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-6722
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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61
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Frank S, Hollmann J, Mulisch M, Matros A, Carrión CC, Mock HP, Hensel G, Krupinska K. Barley cysteine protease PAP14 plays a role in degradation of chloroplast proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6057-6069. [PMID: 31403664 PMCID: PMC6859807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast protein degradation is known to occur both inside chloroplasts and in the vacuole. Genes encoding cysteine proteases have been found to be highly expressed during leaf senescence. However, it remains unclear where they participate in chloroplast protein degradation. In this study HvPAP14, which belongs to the C1A family of cysteine proteases, was identified in senescing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves by affinity enrichment using the mechanism-based probe DCG-04 targeting cysteine proteases and subsequent mass spectrometry. Biochemical analyses and expression of a HvPAP14:RFP fusion construct in barley protoplasts was used to identify the subcellular localization and putative substrates of HvPAP14. The HvPAP14:RFP fusion protein was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and in vesicular bodies. Immunological studies showed that HvPAP14 was mainly located in chloroplasts, where it was found in tight association with thylakoid membranes. The recombinant enzyme was activated by low pH, in accordance with the detection of HvPAP14 in the thylakoid lumen. Overexpression of HvPAP14 in barley revealed that the protease can cleave LHCB proteins and PSBO as well as the large subunit of Rubisco. HvPAP14 is involved in the normal turnover of chloroplast proteins and may have a function in bulk protein degradation during leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Frank
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Solana Research, Eichenallee 9, Windeby, Germany
| | - Maria Mulisch
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Central Microscopy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Cristian C Carrión
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP, cc 327, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Götz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
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62
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Arndell T, Sharma N, Langridge P, Baumann U, Watson-Haigh NS, Whitford R. gRNA validation for wheat genome editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 system. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:71. [PMID: 31684940 PMCID: PMC6829922 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful and versatile tool for crop genome editing. However, achieving highly efficient and specific editing in polyploid species can be a challenge. The efficiency and specificity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system depends critically on the gRNA used. Here, we assessed the activities and specificities of seven gRNAs targeting 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in hexaploid wheat protoplasts. EPSPS is the biological target of the widely used herbicide glyphosate. RESULTS The seven gRNAs differed substantially in their on-target activities, with mean indel frequencies ranging from 0% to approximately 20%. There was no obvious correlation between experimentally determined and in silico predicted on-target gRNA activity. The presence of a single mismatch within the seed region of the guide sequence greatly reduced but did not abolish gRNA activity, whereas the presence of an additional mismatch, or the absence of a PAM, all but abolished gRNA activity. Large insertions (≥20 bp) of DNA vector-derived sequence were detected at frequencies up to 8.5% of total indels. One of the gRNAs exhibited several properties that make it potentially suitable for the development of non-transgenic glyphosate resistant wheat. CONCLUSIONS We have established a rapid and reliable method for gRNA validation in hexaploid wheat protoplasts. The method can be used to identify gRNAs that have favourable properties. Our approach is particularly suited to polyploid species, but should be applicable to any plant species amenable to protoplast transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taj Arndell
- Present address: CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Niharika Sharma
- Present address: New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Research Excellence, Orange, NSW Australia
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Nathan S. Watson-Haigh
- Present address: Bioinformatics Hub, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Ryan Whitford
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
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63
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Banakar R, Fernandez AA, Zhu C, Abadia J, Capell T, Christou P. The ratio of phytosiderophores nicotianamine to deoxymugenic acid controls metal homeostasis in rice. PLANTA 2019; 250:1339-1354. [PMID: 31278466 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of nicotianamine to deoxymugenic acid controls tissue-specific metal homeostasis in rice and regulates metal delivery to the endosperm. The metal-chelating phytosiderophores nicotianamine (NA) and 2'deoxymugenic acid (DMA) are significant factors for the control of metal homeostasis in graminaceous plants. These compounds are thought to influence metal homeostasis, but their individual roles and the effect of altering the NA:DMA ratio are unknown. We purposely generated rice lines with high and low NA:DMA ratios (HND and LND lines, respectively). The HND lines accumulated more iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) in the endosperm through the mobilization of Fe, Zn and Mn from the seed husk to the endosperm. In contrast, Fe, Zn and Mn were mobilized to the husk in the LND lines, whereas Cu accumulated in the endosperm. Different groups of metals are, therefore, taken up, transported and sequestered in vegetative tissues in the HND and LND lines to achieve this metal distribution pattern in the seeds. We found that different sets of endogenous metal homeostasis genes were modulated in the HND and LND lines to achieve differences in metal homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that the NA:DMA ratio is a key factor regulating metal homeostasis in graminaceous plants. These findings can help formulate refined strategies to improve nutrient composition and nutrient use efficiency in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviraj Banakar
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
- Centre for Precision Plant Genomics and Centre for Genome Engineering, Department of Plant and Microbial Genomics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ana Alvarez Fernandez
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), P.O. BOX 13034, 50080, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Javier Abadia
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), P.O. BOX 13034, 50080, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain.
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Yin X, Liu X, Xu B, Lu P, Dong T, Yang D, Ye T, Feng YQ, Wu Y. OsMADS18, a membrane-bound MADS-box transcription factor, modulates plant architecture and the abscisic acid response in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3895-3909. [PMID: 31034557 PMCID: PMC6685668 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The APETALA1 (AP1)/FRUITFULL (FUL)-like transcription factor OsMADS18 plays diverse functions in rice development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from fully understood. Here, we report that down-regulation of OsMADS18 expression in RNAi lines caused a delay in seed germination and young seedling growth, whereas the overexpression of OsMADS18 produced plants with fewer tillers. In targeted OsMADS18 genome-edited mutants (osmads18-cas9), an increased number of tillers, altered panicle size, and reduced seed setting were observed. The EYFP-OsMADS18 (full-length) protein was localized to the nucleus and plasma membrane but the EYFP-OsMADS18-N (N-terminus) protein mainly localized to the nucleus. The expression of OsMADS18 could be stimulated by abscisic acid (ABA), and ABA stimulation triggered the cleavage of HA-OsMADS18 and the translocation of OsMADS18 from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of ABA on seedling growth was less effective in the OsMADS18-overexpressing plants. The expression of a set of ABA-responsive genes was significantly reduced in the overexpressing plants. The phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing EYFP-OsMADS18-N resembled those observed in the osmads18-cas9 mutants. Analysis of the interaction of OsMADS18 with OsMADS14, OsMADS15, and OsMADS57 strongly suggests an essential role for OsMADS18 in rice development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Buxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Piaoyin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence:
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65
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Chang CY, Lee KW, Wu CS, Huang YH, Chang HC, Chen CL, Li CT, Li MJ, Chang CF, Chen PW. Identification of sugar response complex in the metallothionein OsMT2b gene promoter for enhancement of foreign protein production in transgenic rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:899-914. [PMID: 31004187 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 146-bp sugar response complex MTSRC is identified in the promoter of rice metallothionein OsMT2b gene conferring high-level expression of luciferase reporter gene and bioactive recombinant haFGF in transgenic rice. A rice subfamily type 2 plant metallothionein (pMT) gene, OsMT2b, encoding a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger protein, has been previously shown to exhibit the most abundant gene expression in young rice seedling. Expression of OsMT2b was found to be regulated negatively by ethylene and hydrogen peroxide in rice stem node under flooding stress, but little is known about its response to sugar depletion. In this study, transient expression assay and transgenic approach were employed to characterize the regulation of the OsMT2b gene expression in rice. We found that the expression of OsMT2b gene is induced by sugar starvation in both rice suspension cells and germinated embryos. Deletion analysis and functional assay of the OsMT2b promoter revealed that the 5'-flanking region of the OsMT2b between nucleotides - 351 and - 121, which contains the sugar response complex (- 266 to - 121, designated MTSRC) is responsible for high-level promoter activity under sugar starvation. It was also found that MTSRC significantly enhances the Act1 promoter activity in transgenic rice cells and seedlings. The modified Act1 promoter, Act1-MTSRC, was used to produce the recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (haFGF) in rice cells. Our result shows that the bioactive recombinant haFGF is stably produced in transformed rice cell culture and yields are up to 2% of total medium proteins. Our studies reveal that MTSRC serves as a strong transcriptional activator and the Act1-MTSRC promoter can be applicable in establishing an efficient expression system for the high-level production of foreign proteins in transgenic rice cells and seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of BioAgricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Lee
- Department of BioAgricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shen Wu
- Department of BioAgricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsing Huang
- Department of BioAgricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chun Chang
- Department of BioAgricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | | | - Chen-Tung Li
- PRIT Biotech Co., Ltd., Chunan, 35053, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jeng Li
- Department of BioAgricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Fu Chang
- Department of BioAgricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Wen Chen
- Department of BioAgricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan.
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66
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Liu L, Schepers E, Lum A, Rice J, Yalpani N, Gerber R, Jiménez-Juárez N, Haile F, Pascual A, Barry J, Qi X, Kassa A, Heckert MJ, Xie W, Ding C, Oral J, Nguyen M, Le J, Procyk L, Diehn SH, Crane VC, Damude H, Pilcher C, Booth R, Liu L, Zhu G, Nowatzki TM, Nelson ME, Lu AL, Wu G. Identification and Evaluations of Novel Insecticidal Proteins from Plants of the Class Polypodiopsida for Crop Protection against Key Lepidopteran Pests. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E383. [PMID: 31266212 PMCID: PMC6669613 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various lepidopteran insects are responsible for major crop losses worldwide. Although crop plant varieties developed to express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins are effective at controlling damage from key lepidopteran pests, some insect populations have evolved to be insensitive to certain Bt proteins. Here, we report the discovery of a family of homologous proteins, two of which we have designated IPD083Aa and IPD083Cb, which are from Adiantum spp. Both proteins share no known peptide domains, sequence motifs, or signatures with other proteins. Transgenic soybean or corn plants expressing either IPD083Aa or IPD083Cb, respectively, show protection from feeding damage by several key pests under field conditions. The results from comparative studies with major Bt proteins currently deployed in transgenic crops indicate that the IPD083 proteins function by binding to different target sites. These results indicate that IPD083Aa and IPD083Cb can serve as alternatives to traditional Bt-based insect control traits with potential to counter insect resistance to Bt proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | | | - Amy Lum
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Janet Rice
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | - Ryan Gerber
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | - Fikru Haile
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | | | - Xiuli Qi
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Adane Kassa
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James Le
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Lisa Procyk
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Russ Booth
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Genhai Zhu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | | | | | - Albert L Lu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Gusui Wu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
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67
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Placido DF, Dong N, Dong C, Cruz VMV, Dierig DA, Cahoon RE, Kang BG, Huynh T, Whalen M, Ponciano G, McMahan C. Downregulation of a CYP74 Rubber Particle Protein Increases Natural Rubber Production in Parthenium argentatum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:760. [PMID: 31297121 PMCID: PMC6607968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report functional genomics studies of a CYP74 rubber particle protein from Parthenium argentatum, commonly called guayule. Previously identified as an allene oxide synthase (AOS), this CYP74 constitutes the most abundant protein found in guayule rubber particles. Transgenic guayule lines with AOS gene expression down-regulated by RNAi (AOSi) exhibited strong phenotypes that included agricultural traits conducive to enhancing rubber yield. AOSi lines had higher leaf and stem biomass, thicker stembark tissues, increased stem branching and improved net photosynthetic rate. Importantly, the rubber content was significantly increased in AOSi lines compared to the wild-type (WT), vector control and AOS overexpressing (AOSoe) lines, when grown in controlled environments both in tissue-culture media and in greenhouse/growth chambers. Rubber particles from AOSi plants consistently had less AOS particle-associated protein, and lower activity (for conversion of 13-HPOT to allene oxide). Yet plants with downregulated AOS showed higher rubber transferase enzyme activity. The increase in biomass in AOSi lines was associated with not only increases in the rate of photosynthesis and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), in the cold, but also in the content of the phytohormone SA, along with a decrease in JA, GAs, and ABA. The increase in biosynthetic activity and rubber content could further result from the negative regulation of AOS expression by high levels of salicylic acid in AOSi lines and when introduced exogenously. It is apparent that AOS in guayule plays a pivotal role in rubber production and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante F. Placido
- Bioproducts Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Niu Dong
- Bioproducts Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Chen Dong
- Bioproducts Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Von Mark V. Cruz
- Guayule Research Farm, Section Manager Agricultural Operations, Bridgestone Americas, Inc., Eloy, AZ, United States
| | - David A. Dierig
- Guayule Research Farm, Section Manager Agricultural Operations, Bridgestone Americas, Inc., Eloy, AZ, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - Trinh Huynh
- Bioproducts Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Maureen Whalen
- Bioproducts Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Grisel Ponciano
- Bioproducts Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Colleen McMahan
- Bioproducts Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
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68
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A deletion mutation in TaHRC confers Fhb1 resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1099-1105. [PMID: 31182809 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a destructive wheat disease that threatens global wheat production. Fhb1, a quantitative trait locus discovered in Chinese germplasm, provides the most stable and the largest effect on FHB resistance in wheat. Here we show that TaHRC, a gene that encodes a putative histidine-rich calcium-binding protein, is the key determinant of Fhb1-mediated resistance to FHB. We demonstrate that TaHRC encodes a nuclear protein conferring FHB susceptibility and that a deletion spanning the start codon of this gene results in FHB resistance. Identical sequences of the TaHRC-R allele in diverse accessions indicate that Fhb1 had a single origin, and phylogenetic and haplotype analyses suggest that the TaHRC-R allele most likely originated from a line carrying the Dahongpao haplotype. This discovery opens a new avenue to improve FHB resistance in wheat, and possibly in other cereal crops, by manipulating TaHRC sequence through bioengineering approaches.
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69
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Muhammad Fahad Khan, Ali Q, Tariq M, Ahmed S, Qamar Z, Nasir IA. Genetic Modification of Saccharum officinarum for Herbicide Tolerance. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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70
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Rozov SM, Deineko EV. Strategies for Optimizing Recombinant Protein Synthesis in Plant Cells: Classical Approaches and New Directions. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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71
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Du D, Jin R, Guo J, Zhang F. Construction of Marker-Free Genetically Modified Maize Using a Heat-Inducible Auto-Excision Vector. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050374. [PMID: 31108922 PMCID: PMC6562874 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene modification is a promising tool for plant breeding, and gradual application from the laboratory to the field. Selectable marker genes (SMG) are required in the transformation process to simplify the identification of transgenic plants; however, it is more desirable to obtain transgenic plants without selection markers. Transgene integration mediated by site-specific recombination (SSR) systems into the dedicated genomic sites has been demonstrated in a few different plant species. Here, we present an auto-elimination vector system that uses a heat-inducible Cre to eliminate the selectable marker from transgenic maize, without the need for repeated transformation or sexual crossing. The vector combines an inducible site-specific recombinase (hsp70::Cre) that allows for the precise elimination of the selectable marker gene egfp upon heating. This marker gene is used for the initial positive selection of transgenic tissue. The egfp also functions as a visual marker to demonstrate the effectiveness of the heat-inducible Cre. A second marker gene for anthocyanin pigmentation (Rsc) is located outside of the region eliminated by Cre and is used for the identification of transgenic offspring in future generations. Using the heat-inducible auto-excision vector, marker-free transgenic maize plants were obtained in a precisely controlled genetic modification process. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that the inducible auto-excision system was tightly controlled, with highly efficient DNA excision, and provided a highly reliable method to generate marker-free transgenic maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxiang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ruchang Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinjie Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fangdong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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72
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Altenbach SB, Chang HC, Yu XB, Seabourn BW, Green PH, Alaedini A. Elimination of Omega-1,2 Gliadins From Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Flour: Effects on Immunogenic Potential and End-Use Quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:580. [PMID: 31143195 PMCID: PMC6521778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The omega-1,2 gliadins are a group of wheat gluten proteins that contain immunodominant epitopes for celiac disease (CD) and also have been associated with food allergies. To reduce the levels of these proteins in the flour, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Butte 86) was genetically transformed with an RNA interference plasmid that targeted a 141 bp region at the 5' end of an omega-1,2 gliadin gene. Flour proteins from two transgenic lines were analyzed in detail by quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. In one line, the omega-1,2 gliadins were missing with few other changes in the proteome. In the other line, striking changes in the proteome were observed and nearly all gliadins and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) were absent. High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) increased in this line and those that showed the largest increases had molecular weights slightly less than those in the non-transgenic, possibly due to post-translational processing. In addition, there were increases in non-gluten proteins such as triticins, purinins, globulins, serpins, and alpha-amylase/protease inhibitors. Reactivity of flour proteins with serum IgG and IgA antibodies from a cohort of CD patients was reduced significantly in both transgenic lines. Both mixing time and tolerance were improved in the line without omega-1,2 gliadins while mixing properties were diminished in the line missing most gluten proteins. The data suggest that biotechnology approaches may be used to create wheat lines with reduced immunogenic potential in the context of gluten sensitivity without compromising end-use quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B. Altenbach
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Han-Chang Chang
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Xuechen B. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bradford W. Seabourn
- Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Peter H. Green
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Armin Alaedini
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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73
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Sarowar S, Alam ST, Makandar R, Lee H, Trick HN, Dong Y, Shah J. Targeting the pattern-triggered immunity pathway to enhance resistance to Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:626-640. [PMID: 30597698 PMCID: PMC6637896 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of the floral tissues of wheat and barley for which highly resistant varieties are not available. Thus, there is a need to identify genes/mechanisms that can be targeted for the control of this devastating disease. Fusarium graminearum is the primary causal agent of FHB in North America. In addition, it also causes Fusarium seedling blight. Fusarium graminearum can also cause disease in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis-F. graminearum pathosystem has facilitated the identification of targets for the control of disease caused by this fungus. Here, we show that resistance against F. graminearum can be enhanced by flg22, a bacterial microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP). flg22-induced resistance in Arabidopsis requires its cognate pattern recognition receptor (PRR) FLS2, and is accompanied by the up-regulation of WRKY29. The expression of WRKY29, which is associated with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), is also induced in response to F. graminearum infection. Furthermore, WRKY29 is required for basal resistance as well as flg22-induced resistance to F. graminearum. Moreover, constitutive expression of WRKY29 in Arabidopsis enhances disease resistance. The PTI pathway is also activated in response to F. graminearum infection of wheat. Furthermore, flg22 application and ectopic expression of WRKY29 enhance FHB resistance in wheat. Thus, we conclude that the PTI pathway provides a target for the control of FHB in wheat. We further show that the ectopic expression of WRKY29 in wheat results in shorter stature and early heading time, traits that are important to wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujon Sarowar
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA
- Present address:
Botanical GeneticsBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Syeda T. Alam
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA
- BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA
| | - Ragiba Makandar
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of HyderabadGachibowliHyderabad 500046India
| | - Hyeonju Lee
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA
| | - Harold N. Trick
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA
- BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA
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Mandalà G, Tundo S, Francesconi S, Gevi F, Zolla L, Ceoloni C, D'Ovidio R. Deoxynivalenol Detoxification in Transgenic Wheat Confers Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Diseases. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:583-592. [PMID: 30422742 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0155-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), reduce crop yield and grain quality and are major agricultural problems worldwide. These diseases also affect food safety through fungal production of hazardous mycotoxins. Among these, deoxynivalenol (DON) acts as a virulence factor during pathogenesis on wheat. The principal mechanism underlying plant tolerance to DON is glycosylation by specific uridine diphosphate-dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs), through which DON-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G) is produced. In this work, we tested whether DON detoxification by UGT could confer to wheat a broad-spectrum resistance against Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These widespread Fusarium species affect different plant organs and developmental stages in the course of FHB and FCR. To assess DON-detoxification potential, we produced transgenic durum wheat plants constitutively expressing the barley HvUGT13248 and bread wheat plants expressing the same transgene in flower tissues. When challenged with F. graminearum, FHB symptoms were reduced in both types of transgenic plants, particularly during early to mid-infection stages of the infection progress. The transgenic durum wheat displayed much greater DON-to-D3G conversion ability and a considerable decrease of total DON+D3G content in flour extracts. The transgenic bread wheat exhibited a UGT dose-dependent efficacy of DON detoxification. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that DON detoxification limits FCR caused by F. culmorum. FCR symptoms were reduced throughout the experiment by nearly 50% in seedlings of transgenic plants constitutively expressing HvUGT13248. Our results demonstrate that limiting the effect of the virulence factor DON via in planta glycosylation restrains FHB and FCR development. Therefore, ability for DON detoxification can be a trait of interest for wheat breeding targeting FHB and FCR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mandalà
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federica Gevi
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Ceoloni
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Renato D'Ovidio
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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75
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Doll NM, Gilles LM, Gérentes MF, Richard C, Just J, Fierlej Y, Borrelli VMG, Gendrot G, Ingram GC, Rogowsky PM, Widiez T. Single and multiple gene knockouts by CRISPR-Cas9 in maize. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:487-501. [PMID: 30684023 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of 93 mutant alleles in 18 genes demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas9 is a robust tool for targeted mutagenesis in maize, permitting efficient generation of single and multiple knockouts. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a simple and efficient tool for targeted mutagenesis of the genome. It has been implemented in many plant species, including crops such as maize. Here we report single- and multiple-gene mutagenesis via stably transformed maize plants. Two different CRISPR-Cas9 vectors were used allowing the expression of multiple guide RNAs and different strategies to knockout either independent or paralogous genes. A total of 12 plasmids, representing 28 different single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), were generated to target 20 genes. For 18 of these genes, at least one mutant allele was obtained, while two genes were recalcitrant to sequence editing. 19% (16/83) of mutant plants showed biallelic mutations. Small insertions or deletions of less than ten nucleotides were most frequently observed, regardless of whether the gene was targeted by one or more sgRNAs. Deletions of defined regions located between the target sites of two guide RNAs were also reported although the exact deletion size was variable. Double and triple mutants were created in a single step, which is especially valuable for functional analysis of genes with strong genetic linkage. Off-target effects were theoretically limited due to rigorous sgRNA design and random experimental checks at three potential off-target sites did not reveal any editing. Sanger chromatograms allowed to unambiguously class the primary transformants; the majority (85%) were fully edited plants transmitting systematically all detected mutations to the next generation, generally following Mendelian segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M Doll
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Laurine M Gilles
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
- Limagrain Europe SAS, Research Centre, 63720, Chappes, France
| | - Marie-France Gérentes
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Richard
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy Just
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Yannick Fierlej
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
- MAS Seeds, Route de Saint-Sever, 40280, Haut-Mauco, France
| | - Virginia M G Borrelli
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ghislaine Gendrot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Gwyneth C Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Peter M Rogowsky
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Widiez
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342, Lyon, France.
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76
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Duan X, Zheng L, Sun J, Liu W, Wang W, An H. Co-culturing on dry filter paper significantly increased the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformations of maize immature embryos. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:549-560. [PMID: 30956435 PMCID: PMC6419711 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-00641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations of maize immature embryos (IEs), the common co-culturing media used are MS or N6-based (MC). Here, we used a novel co-culturing method in which maize 'Qi319' IEs inoculated with Agrobacterium-harboring target vector were placed on dry filter paper (DC) in a petri dish. To compare the effects of the DC and MC co-culturing methods on transformation efficiency, we designed three experiments: (1) A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 independently carrying two plasmids, pXQD12 and pXQD70; (2) two A. tumefaciens strains, AGL1 and EHA105, carrying pXQD12; and (3) strains AGL1 and EHA105 each independently inoculated with pXQD12 and pXQD70 for different infiltration periods, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min. We used A. tumefaciens to inoculate IEs derived from maize ears 9-15 d after pollination, and then IEs were placed in petri dishes for co-culturing. The DC treatment significantly increased the percentage of IEs expressing green fluorescence protein (%GFP), indicating positive transformants. DC-treated IEs had ~ 3 to 4 times the %GFP compared with MC-treated IEs at 8 d after inoculation (3 d co-culture and 5 d restoration). The average regeneration frequency (%GFP positive regenerated calli of infected IEs) and stable transformation frequency (%GFP positive T0 plants of infected IEs) significantly increased with the DC treatment. Thus, the DC method may be used to develop a more efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for maize IEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liru Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
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77
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Sestili F, Pagliarello R, Zega A, Saletti R, Pucci A, Botticella E, Masci S, Tundo S, Moscetti I, Foti S, Lafiandra D. Enhancing grain size in durum wheat using RNAi to knockdown GW2 genes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:419-429. [PMID: 30426174 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Knocking down GW2 enhances grain size by regulating genes encoding the synthesis of cytokinin, gibberellin, starch and cell wall. Raising crop yield is a priority task in the light of the continuing growth of the world's population and the inexorable loss of arable land to urbanization. Here, the RNAi approach was taken to reduce the abundance of Grain Weight 2 (GW2) transcript in the durum wheat cultivar Svevo. The effect of the knockdown was to increase the grains' starch content by 10-40%, their width by 4-13% and their surface area by 3-5%. Transcriptomic profiling, based on a quantitative real-time PCR platform, revealed that the transcript abundance of genes encoding both cytokinin dehydrogenase 1 and the large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was markedly increased in the transgenic lines, whereas that of the genes encoding cytokinin dehydrogenase 2 and gibberellin 3-oxidase was reduced. A proteomic analysis of the non-storage fraction extracted from mature grains detected that eleven proteins were differentially represented in the transgenic compared to wild-type grain: some of these were involved, or at least potentially involved, in cell wall development, suggesting a role of GW2 in the regulation of cell division in the wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pagliarello
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zega
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Pucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Botticella
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Stefania Masci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Moscetti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Foti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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78
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Kempinski C, Jiang Z, Zinck G, Sato SJ, Ge Z, Clemente TE, Chappell J. Engineering linear, branched-chain triterpene metabolism in monocots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:373-385. [PMID: 29979490 PMCID: PMC6335073 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenes are thirty-carbon compounds derived from the universal five-carbon prenyl precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Normally, triterpenes are synthesized via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway operating in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes where DMAPP is condensed with two IPPs to yield farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), catalyzed by FPP synthase (FPS). Squalene synthase (SQS) condenses two molecules of FPP to generate the symmetrical product squalene, the first committed precursor to sterols and most other triterpenes. In the green algae Botryococcus braunii, two FPP molecules can also be condensed in an asymmetric manner yielding the more highly branched triterpene, botryococcene. Botryococcene is an attractive molecule because of its potential as a biofuel and petrochemical feedstock. Because B. braunii, the only native host for botryococcene biosynthesis, is difficult to grow, there have been efforts to move botryococcene biosynthesis into organisms more amenable to large-scale production. Here, we report the genetic engineering of the model monocot, Brachypodium distachyon, for botryococcene biosynthesis and accumulation. A subcellular targeting strategy was used, directing the enzymes (botryococcene synthase [BS] and FPS) to either the cytosol or the plastid. High titres of botryococcene (>1 mg/g FW in T0 mature plants) were obtained using the cytosolic-targeting strategy. Plastid-targeted BS + FPS lines accumulated botryococcene (albeit in lesser amounts than the cytosolic BS + FPS lines), but they showed a detrimental phenotype dependent on plastid-targeted FPS, and could not proliferate and survive to set seed under phototrophic conditions. These results highlight intriguing differences in isoprenoid metabolism between dicots and monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Kempinski
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Zuodong Jiang
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Present address:
Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Garrett Zinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Shirley J. Sato
- Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Zhengxiang Ge
- Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | - Joe Chappell
- Plant Biology ProgramUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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79
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Saur IML, Bauer S, Lu X, Schulze-Lefert P. A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptors. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:118. [PMID: 31666804 PMCID: PMC6813131 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant disease resistance to host-adapted pathogens is often mediated by host nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors that detect matching pathogen avirulence effectors (AVR) inside plant cells. AVR-triggered NLR activation is typically associated with a rapid host cell death at sites of attempted infection and this response constitutes a widely used surrogate for NLR activation. However, it is challenging to assess this cell death in cereal hosts. RESULTS Here we quantify cell death upon NLR-mediated recognition of fungal pathogen AVRs in mesophyll leaf protoplasts of barley and wheat. We provide measurements for the recognition of the fungal AVRs AvrSr50 and AVR a1 by their respective cereal NLRs Sr50 and Mla1 upon overexpression of the AVR and NLR pairs in mesophyll protoplast of both, wheat and barley. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the here described approach can be effectively used to detect and quantify death of wheat and barley cells induced by overexpression of NLR and AVR effectors or AVR effector candidate genes from diverse fungal pathogens within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. L. Saur
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Saskia Bauer
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Xunli Lu
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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80
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Bahaji A, Muñoz FJ, Seguí-Simarro JM, Camacho-Fernández C, Rivas-Sendra A, Parra-Vega V, Ovecka M, Li J, Sánchez-López ÁM, Almagro G, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Mitochondrial Zea mays Brittle1-1 Is a Major Determinant of the Metabolic Fate of Incoming Sucrose and Mitochondrial Function in Developing Maize Endosperms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:242. [PMID: 30915089 PMCID: PMC6423154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zea mays Brittle1-1 (ZmBT1-1) is an essential component of the starch biosynthetic machinery in maize endosperms, enabling ADPglucose transport from cytosol to amyloplast in exchange for AMP or ADP. Although ZmBT1-1 has been long considered to be an amyloplast-specific marker, evidence has been provided that ZmBT1-1 is dually localized to plastids and mitochondria (Bahaji et al., 2011b). The mitochondrial localization of ZmBT1-1 suggested that this protein may have as-yet unidentified function(s). To understand the mitochondrial ZmBT1-1 function(s), we produced and characterized transgenic Zmbt1-1 plants expressing ZmBT1-1 delivered specifically to mitochondria. Metabolic and differential proteomic analyses showed down-regulation of sucrose synthase (SuSy)-mediated channeling of sucrose into starch metabolism, and up-regulation of the conversion of sucrose breakdown products generated by cell wall invertase (CWI) into ethanol and alanine, in Zmbt1-1 endosperms compared to wild-type. Electron microscopic analyses of Zmbt1-1 endosperm cells showed gross alterations in the mitochondrial ultrastructure. Notably, the protein expression pattern, metabolic profile, and aberrant mitochondrial ultrastructure of Zmbt1-1 endosperms were rescued by delivering ZmBT1-1 specifically to mitochondria. Results presented here provide evidence that the reduced starch content in Zmbt1-1 endosperms is at least partly due to (i) mitochondrial dysfunction, (ii) enhanced CWI-mediated channeling of sucrose into ethanol and alanine metabolism, and (iii) reduced SuSy-mediated channeling of sucrose into starch metabolism due to the lack of mitochondrial ZmBT1-1. Our results also strongly indicate that (a) mitochondrial ZmBT1-1 is an important determinant of the metabolic fate of sucrose entering the endosperm cells, and (b) plastidic ZmBT1-1 is not the sole ADPglucose transporter in maize endosperm amyloplasts. The possible involvement of mitochondrial ZmBT1-1 in exchange between intramitochondrial AMP and cytosolic ADP is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jose María Seguí-Simarro
- COMAV - Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Camacho-Fernández
- COMAV - Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Rivas-Sendra
- COMAV - Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Parra-Vega
- COMAV - Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miroslav Ovecka
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Gobierno de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Pozueta-Romero
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81
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Abstract
Biolistic transformation of wheat is one of the most commonly used methods for gene function study and trait discovery. It has been widely adapted as a fundamental platform to generate wheat plants with new traits and has become a powerful tool for facilitating the crop improvement. In this chapter, we present a complete and straightforward protocol for wheat transformation via biolistic bombardment system. Although wheat is still one of the hardest plant species to transform, this protocol offers an optimized and efficient system to produce transgenic plants. To demonstrate the application of this protocol, in this chapter we describe an example of obtaining transgenic wheat by the co-bombardment of two plasmids, containing a green fluorescent protein gene and a glufosinate herbicide selection gene, respectively. In addition, procedures for the screening and testing of putative transgenic plants are described. This protocol has been successfully applied to generate stable transgenic bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in both spring and winter varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | | | - Yueying Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jordan Brungardt
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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82
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Ramasamy M, Mora V, Damaj MB, Padilla CS, Ramos N, Rossi D, Solís-Gracia N, Vargas-Bautista C, Irigoyen S, DaSilva JA, Mirkov TE, Mandadi KK. A biolistic-based genetic transformation system applicable to a broad-range of sugarcane and energycane varieties. GM CROPS & FOOD 2018; 9:211-227. [PMID: 30558472 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2018.1553836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane and energycane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) are prominent sources of sugar, ethanol, as well as high-value bioproducts globally. Genetic analysis for trait improvement of sugarcane is greatly hindered by its complex genome, limited germplasm resources, long breeding cycle, as well as recalcitrance to genetic transformation. Here, we present a biolistic-based transformation and bioreactor-based micro-propagation system that has been utilized successfully to transform twelve elite cane genotypes, yielding transformation efficiencies of up to 39%. The system relies on the generation of embryogenic callus from sugarcane and energycane apical shoot tissue, followed by DNA bombardment of embryogenic leaf roll discs (approximately one week) or calli (approximately 4 weeks). We present optimal criteria and practices for selection and regeneration of independent transgenic lines, molecular characterization, as well as a bioreactor-based micro-propagation technique, which can aid in rapid multiplication and analysis of transgenic lines. The cane transformation and micro-propagation system described here, although built on our previous protocols, has significantly accelerated the process of producing and multiplying transgenic material, and it is applicable to other varieties. The system is highly reproducible and has been successfully used to engineer multiple commercial sugarcane and energycane varieties. It will benefit worldwide researchers interested in genomics and genetics of sugarcane photosynthesis, cell wall, and bioenergy related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Mora
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA
| | - Mona B Damaj
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA
| | - Carmen S Padilla
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA
| | - Ninfa Ramos
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA
| | - Denise Rossi
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA
| | - Nora Solís-Gracia
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA
| | | | - Sonia Irigoyen
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA
| | - Jorge A DaSilva
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA.,b Department of Soil & Crop Sciences , Texas A&M University , TX , USA
| | - T Erik Mirkov
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA.,c Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology , Texas A&M University , TX , USA
| | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- a Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Weslaco , TX , USA.,c Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology , Texas A&M University , TX , USA
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83
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Setaria viridis as a Model Plant for Functional Genomic Studies in C4 Crops. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30415328 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Setaria viridis is an emerging model for C4 species, and it is an important model to validate some genes for further C4 crop transformation, such as sugarcane, maize, and wheat. Here, we describe two protocols for stable transformation of S. viridis mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens with three different reporter genes and two selectable markers. Routine transformation efficiency reaching 29% was achieved using embryogenic callus in S. viridis (accession A10.1). Alternatively, we developed a transformation method by floral dip with 0.6% efficiency. The developed protocols could be useful for genetic and genomics studies of important food-feed-fiber-fuel C4 crops.
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Field grown transgenic Pm3e wheat lines show powdery mildew resistance and no fitness costs associated with high transgene expression. Transgenic Res 2018; 28:9-20. [PMID: 30302615 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pm3 from wheat encodes a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat type of receptor and confers resistance to powdery mildew caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt). Each of the 17 functional Pm3 alleles identified so far confers resistance to a distinct spectrum of Bgt isolates. Variant Pm3e has been found in wheat donor line W150 and differs only by two amino acids from the non-functional variant Pm3CS. In order to evaluate the capability of Pm3e to provide powdery mildew field resistance, we generated transgenic Pm3e lines by biolistic transformation of the powdery mildew susceptible spring wheat cultivar Bobwhite. Field trials conducted during four field seasons in Switzerland showed significant and strong powdery mildew resistance of the Pm3e transgenic lines, whereas the corresponding biological sister lines, not containing the transgene, were severely powdery mildew infected. Thus Pm3e alone is responsible for the strong resistance phenotype. The field grown transgenic lines showed high transgene expression and Pm3e protein accumulation with no fitness costs on plant development and yield associated with Pm3e abundance. Line E#1 as well as sister line E#1 showed delayed flowering due to somaclonal variation. The study shows the capability of Pm3e in providing strong powdery mildew field resistance, making its use in wheat breeding programs very promising.
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Singh SP, Hurni S, Ruinelli M, Brunner S, Sanchez-Martin J, Krukowski P, Peditto D, Buchmann G, Zbinden H, Keller B. Evolutionary divergence of the rye Pm17 and Pm8 resistance genes reveals ancient diversity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:249-260. [PMID: 30244408 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated a novel powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat that was originally introgressed from rye. Further analysis revealed evolutionary divergent history of wheat and rye orthologous resistance genes. Wheat production is under constant threat from a number of fungal pathogens, among them is wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). Deployment of resistance genes is the most economical and sustainable method for mildew control. However, domestication and selective breeding have narrowed genetic diversity of modern wheat germplasm, and breeders have relied on wheat relatives for enriching its gene pool through introgression. Translocations where the 1RS chromosome arm was introgressed from rye to wheat have improved yield and resistance against various pathogens. Here, we isolated the Pm17 mildew resistance gene located on the 1RS introgression in wheat cultivar 'Amigo' and found that it is an allele or a close paralog of the Pm8 gene isolated earlier from 'Petkus' rye. Functional validation using transient and stable transformation confirmed the identity of Pm17. Analysis of Pm17 and Pm8 coding regions revealed an overall identity of 82.9% at the protein level, with the LRR domains being most divergent. Our analysis also showed that the two rye genes are much more diverse compared to the variants encoded by the Pm3 gene in wheat, which is orthologous to Pm17/Pm8 as concluded from highly conserved upstream sequences in all these genes. Thus, the evolutionary history of these orthologous loci differs in the cereal species rye and wheat and demonstrates that orthologous resistance genes can take different routes towards functionally active genes. These findings suggest that the isolation of Pm3/Pm8/Pm17 orthologs from other grass species, additional alleles from the rye germplasm as well as possibly synthetic variants will result in novel resistance genes useful in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simrat Pal Singh
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severine Hurni
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Ruinelli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Brunner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Sanchez-Martin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Krukowski
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Peditto
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Buchmann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Zbinden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Jiang P, Zhang K, Ding Z, He Q, Li W, Zhu S, Cheng W, Zhang K, Li K. Characterization of a strong and constitutive promoter from the Arabidopsis serine carboxypeptidase-like gene AtSCPL30 as a potential tool for crop transgenic breeding. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:59. [PMID: 30241468 PMCID: PMC6151023 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic technology has become an important technique for crop genetic improvement. The application of well-characterized promoters is essential for developing a vector system for efficient genetic transformation. Therefore, isolation and functional validation of more alternative constitutive promoters to the CaMV35S promoter is highly desirable. RESULTS In this study, a 2093-bp sequence upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG of AtSCPL30 was isolated as the full-length promoter (PD1). To characterize the AtSCPL30 promoter (PD1) and eight 5' deleted fragments (PD2-PD9) of different lengths were fused with GUS to produce the promoter::GUS plasmids and were translocated into Nicotiana benthamiana. PD1-PD9 could confer strong and constitutive expression of transgenes in almost all tissues and development stages in Nicotiana benthamiana transgenic plants. Additionally, PD2-PD7 drove transgene expression consistently over twofold higher than the well-used CaMV35S promoter under normal and stress conditions. Among them, PD7 was only 456 bp in length, and its transcriptional activity was comparable to that of PD2-PD6. Moreover, GUS transient assay in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the 162-bp (- 456~ - 295 bp) and 111-bp (- 294~ - 184 bp) fragments from the AtSCPL30 promoter could increase the transcriptional activity of mini35S up to 16- and 18-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As a small constitutive strong promoter of plant origin, PD7 has the advantage of biosafety and reduces the probability of transgene silencing compared to the virus-derived CaMV35S promoter. PD7 would also be an alternative constitutive promoter to the CaMV35S promoter when multigene transformation was performed in the same vector, thereby avoiding the overuse of the CaMV35S promoter and allowing for the successful application of transgenic technology. And, the 162- and 111-bp fragments will also be very useful for synthetic promoter design based on their high enhancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Wendi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Shuangfeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
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Díaz-Benito P, Banakar R, Rodríguez-Menéndez S, Capell T, Pereiro R, Christou P, Abadía J, Fernández B, Álvarez-Fernández A. Iron and Zinc in the Embryo and Endosperm of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Seeds in Contrasting 2'-Deoxymugineic Acid/Nicotianamine Scenarios. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1190. [PMID: 30186295 PMCID: PMC6113566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron and Zn deficiencies are worldwide nutritional disorders that can be alleviated by increasing the metal concentration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains via bio-fortification approaches. The overproduction of the metal chelator nicotianamine (NA) is among the most effective ones, but it is still unclear whether this is due to the enrichment in NA itself and/or the concomitant enrichment in the NA derivative 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA). The endosperm is the most commonly consumed portion of the rice grain and mediates the transfer of nutrients from vegetative tissues to the metal rich embryo. The impact of contrasting levels of DMA and NA on the metal distribution in the embryo and endosperm of rice seeds has been assessed using wild-type rice and six different transgenic lines overexpressing nicotianamine synthase (OsNAS1) and/or barley nicotianamine amino transferase (HvNAATb). These transgenic lines outlined three different DMA/NA scenarios: (i) in a first scenario, an enhanced NA level (via overexpression of OsNAS1) would not be fully depleted because of a limited capacity to use NA for DMA synthesis (lack of -or low- expression of HvNAATb), and results in consistent enrichments in NA, DMA, Fe and Zn in the endosperm and NA, DMA and Fe in the embryo; (ii) in a second scenario, an enhanced NA level (via overexpression of OsNAS1) would be depleted by an enhanced capacity to use NA for DMA synthesis (via expression of HvNAATb), and results in enrichments only for DMA and Fe, both in the endosperm and embryo, and (iii) in a third scenario, the lack of sufficient NA replenishment would limit DMA synthesis, in spite of the enhanced capacity to use NA for this purpose (via expression of HvNAATb), and results in decreases in NA, variable changes in DMA and moderate decreases in Fe in the embryo and endosperm. Also, quantitative LA-ICP-MS metal map images of the embryo structures show that the first and second scenarios altered local distributions of Fe, and to a lesser extent of Zn. The roles of DMA/NA levels in the transport of Fe and Zn within the embryo are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Díaz-Benito
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raviraj Banakar
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Menéndez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosario Pereiro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Abadía
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Fernández
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
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Guidelli GV, Mattiello L, Gallinari RH, Lucca PCD, Menossi M. pGVG: a new Gateway-compatible vector for transformation of sugarcane and other monocot crops. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:450-454. [PMID: 30088611 PMCID: PMC6082244 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful development of genetically engineered monocots using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has created an increasing demand for compatible vectors. We have developed a new expression vector, pGVG, for efficient transformation and expression of different constructs for gene overexpression and silencing in sugarcane. The pCAMBIA2300 binary vector was modified by adding Gateway recombination sites for fast gene transfer between vectors and the maize polyubiquitin promoter Ubi-1 (ZmUbi1), which is known to drive high gene expression levels in monocots. Transformation efficiency using the pGVG vector reached up to 14 transgenic events per gram of transformed callus. Transgenic plants expressing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene from pGVG showed high levels of GUS activity. qRT-PCR evaluations demonstrated success for both overexpression and hairpin-based silencing cassettes. Therefore, pGVG is suitable for plant transformation and subsequent applications for high-throughput production of stable transgenic sugarcane. The use of an expression cassette based on the ZmUbi1 promoter opens the possibility of using pGVG in other monocot species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna V Guidelli
- Laboratório de Genoma Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mattiello
- Laboratório de Genoma Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael H Gallinari
- Laboratório de Genoma Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Lucca
- PangeiaBiotech, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- Laboratório de Genoma Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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89
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Nuccio ML, Paul M, Bate NJ, Cohn J, Cutler SR. Where are the drought tolerant crops? An assessment of more than two decades of plant biotechnology effort in crop improvement. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:110-119. [PMID: 29907303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of modern biotechnology public and private enterprise have pursued the development of a new breed of drought tolerant crop products. After more than 20 years of research and investment only a few such products have reached the market. This is due to several technical and market constraints. The technical challenges include the difficulty in defining tractable single-gene trait development strategies, the logistics of moving traits from initial to commercial genetic backgrounds, and the disconnect between conditions in farmer's fields and controlled environments. Market constraints include the significant difficulty, and associated costs, in obtaining access to markets around the world. Advances in the biology of plant water management, including response to water deficit reveal new opportunities to improve crop response to water deficit and new genome-based tools promise to usher in the next era of crop improvement. As biotechnology looks to improve crop productivity under drought conditions, the environmental and food security advantages will influence public perception and shift the debate toward benefits rather than risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Nuccio
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Matthew Paul
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Bate
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Plant Cell Biology and Chemistry, Botany and Plant Sciences Chemistry Genomics Building, University of California Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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90
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Nitovska IO. THE EFFECT OF MONOCOT INTRONS ON TRANSGENE EXPRESSION IN Nicotiana GENUS PLANTS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech11.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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91
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Xue M, Long Y, Zhao Z, Huang G, Huang K, Zhang T, Jiang Y, Yuan Q, Pei X. Isolation and Characterization of a Green-Tissue Promoter from Common Wild Rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff.). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072009. [PMID: 29996483 PMCID: PMC6073244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoters play a very important role in the initiation and regulation of gene transcription. Green-tissue promoter is of great significance to the development of genetically modified crops. Based on RNA-seq data and RT-PCR expression analysis, this study screened a gene, OrGSE (GREEN SPECIAL EXPRESS), which is expressed specifically in green tissues. The study also isolated the promoter of the OrGSE gene (OrGSEp), and predicted many cis-acting elements, such as the CAAT-Box and TATA-Box, and light-responding elements, including circadian, G-BOX and GT1 CONSENSUS. Histochemical analysis and quantification of GUS activity in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing GUS under the control of OrGSEp revealed that this promoter is not only green tissue-specific, but also light-inducible. The ability of a series of 5’-deletion fragments of OrGSEp to drive GUS expression in Arabidopsis was also evaluated. We found that the promoter region from −54 to −114 is critical for the promoter function, and the region from −374 to −114 may contain core cis-elements involved in light response. In transgenic rice expressing GUS under the control of OrGSEp, visualization and quantification of GUS activity showed that GUS was preferentially expressed in green tissues and not in endosperm. OrGSEp is a useful regulatory element for breeding pest-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mande Xue
- MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yan Long
- MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Gege Huang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Experimental Center Basic Medical Teaching, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Qianhua Yuan
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xinwu Pei
- MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Masani MYA, Izawati AMD, Rasid OA, Parveez GKA. Biotechnology of oil palm: Current status of oil palm genetic transformation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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93
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Ismagul A, Yang N, Maltseva E, Iskakova G, Mazonka I, Skiba Y, Bi H, Eliby S, Jatayev S, Shavrukov Y, Borisjuk N, Langridge P. A biolistic method for high-throughput production of transgenic wheat plants with single gene insertions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:135. [PMID: 29940859 PMCID: PMC6020210 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relatively low efficiency of biolistic transformation and subsequent integration of multiple copies of the introduced gene/s significantly complicate the genetic modification of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other plant species. One of the key factors contributing to the reproducibility of this method is the uniformity of the DNA/gold suspension, which is dependent on the coating procedure employed. It was also shown recently that the relative frequency of single copy transgene inserts could be increased through the use of nanogram quantities of the DNA during coating. RESULTS A simplified DNA/gold coating method was developed to produce fertile transgenic plants, via microprojectile bombardment of callus cultures induced from immature embryos. In this method, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and magnesium salt solutions were utilized in place of the spermidine and calcium chloride of the standard coating method, to precipitate the DNA onto gold microparticles. The prepared microparticles were used to generate transgenics from callus cultures of commercial bread wheat cv. Gladius resulting in an average transformation frequency of 9.9%. To increase the occurrence of low transgene copy number events, nanogram amounts of the minimal expression cassettes containing the gene of interest and the hpt gene were used for co-transformation. A total of 1538 transgenic wheat events were generated from 15,496 embryos across 19 independent experiments. The variation of single copy insert frequencies ranged from 16.1 to 73.5% in the transgenic wheat plants, which compares favourably to published results. CONCLUSIONS The DNA/gold coating procedure presented here allows efficient, large scale transformation of wheat. The use of nanogram amounts of vector DNA improves the frequency of single copy transgene inserts in transgenic wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Ismagul
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present address: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650 Australia
| | - Elina Maltseva
- Present address: Aytkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, 480012 Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnur Iskakova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present address: Aytkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, 480012 Kazakhstan
| | - Inna Mazonka
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Yuri Skiba
- Present address: Aytkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, 480012 Kazakhstan
| | - Huihui Bi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present address: National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Serik Eliby
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Satyvaldy Jatayev
- S.Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana, 010011 Kazakhstan
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042 Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present address: School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300 China
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
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Expression and Interaction Analysis among Saffron ALDHs and Crocetin Dialdehyde. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051409. [PMID: 29747375 PMCID: PMC5983644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In saffron, the cleavage of zeaxanthin by means of CCD2 generates crocetin dialdehyde, which is then converted by an unknown aldehyde dehydrogenase to crocetin. A proteome from saffron stigma was released recently and, based on the expression pattern and correlation analyses, five aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) were suggested as possible candidates to generate crocetin from crocetin dialdehydes. We selected four of the suggested ALDHs and analyzed their expression in different tissues, determined their activity over crocetin dialdehyde, and performed structure modeling and docking calculation to find their specificity. All the ALDHs were able to convert crocetin dialdehyde to crocetin, but two of them were stigma tissue-specific. Structure modeling and docking analyses revealed that, in all cases, there was a high coverage of residues in the models. All of them showed a very close conformation, indicated by the low root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values of backbone atoms, which indicate a high similarity among them. However, low affinity between the enzymes and the crocetin dialdehyde were observed. Phylogenetic analysis and binding affinities calculations, including some ALDHs from Gardenia jasmonoides, Crocus sieberi, and Buddleja species that accumulate crocetin and Bixa orellana synthetizing the apocarotenoid bixin selected on their expression pattern matching with the accumulation of either crocins or bixin, pointed out that family 2 C4 members might be involved in the conversion of crocetin dialdehyde to crocetin with high specificity.
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Wang M, Zhu X, Wang K, Lu C, Luo M, Shan T, Zhang Z. A wheat caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase TaCOMT-3D positively contributes to both resistance to sharp eyespot disease and stem mechanical strength. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6543. [PMID: 29695751 PMCID: PMC5916939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has been implicated in the lignin biosynthetic pathway through catalyzing the multi-step methylation reactions of hydroxylated monomeric lignin precursors. However, genetic evidence for its function in plant disease resistance is poor. Sharp eyespot, caused primarily by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, a wheat COMT gene TaCOMT-3D, is identified to be in response to R. cerealis infection through microarray-based comparative transcriptomics. The TaCOMT-3D gene is localized in the long arm of the chromosome 3D. The transcriptional level of TaCOMT-3D is higher in sharp eyespot-resistant wheat lines than in susceptible wheat lines, and is significantly elevated after R. cerealis inoculation. After R. cerealis inoculation and disease scoring, TaCOMT-3D-silenced wheat plants exhibit greater susceptibility to sharp eyespot compared to unsilenced wheat plants, whereas overexpression of TaCOMT-3D enhances resistance of the transgenic wheat lines to sharp eyespot. Moreover, overexpression of TaCOMT-3D enhances the stem mechanical strength, and lignin (particular syringyl monolignol) accumulation in the transgenic wheat lines. These results suggest that TaCOMT-3D positively contributes to both wheat resistance against sharp eyespot and stem mechanical strength possibly through promoting lignin (especially syringyl monolignol) accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Wang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham, NG250QF, United Kingdom
| | - Meiying Luo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Tianlei Shan
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China.
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96
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CABRAL GLAUCIAB, CARNEIRO VERAT, GOMES ANACRISTINAM, LACERDA ANALUIZA, MARTINELLI ADRIANAP, DUSI DIVAM. Genetic transformation of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu by biolistics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:1789-1797. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GLAUCIA B. CABRAL
- Embrapa - Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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97
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Alotaibi SS, Sparks CA, Parry MAJ, Simkin AJ, Raines CA. Identification of Leaf Promoters for Use in Transgenic Wheat. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7020027. [PMID: 29597282 PMCID: PMC6027260 DOI: 10.3390/plants7020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wheat yields have plateaued in recent years and given the growing global population there is a pressing need to develop higher yielding varieties to meet future demand. Genetic manipulation of photosynthesis in elite wheat varieties offers the opportunity to significantly increase yields. However, the absence of a well-defined molecular tool-box of promoters to manipulate leaf processes in wheat hinders advancements in this area. Two promoters, one driving the expression of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) and the other fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) from Brachypodium distachyon were identified and cloned into a vector in front of the GUS reporter gene. Both promoters were shown to be functionally active in wheat in both transient assays and in stably transformed wheat plants. Analysis of the stable transformants of wheat (cv. Cadenza) showed that both promoters controlled gus expression throughout leaf development as well as in other green tissues. The availability of these promoters provides new tools for the expression of genes in transgenic wheat leaves and also paves the way for multigene manipulation of photosynthesis to improve yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqer S Alotaibi
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
- Biotechnology Department, Biological Sciences College, Taif University, At Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Caroline A Sparks
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
- Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling ME19 6BJ, UK.
| | - Christine A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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98
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Sakulkoo W, Osés-Ruiz M, Oliveira Garcia E, Soanes DM, Littlejohn GR, Hacker C, Correia A, Valent B, Talbot NJ. A single fungal MAP kinase controls plant cell-to-cell invasion by the rice blast fungus. Science 2018; 359:1399-1403. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaq0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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99
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Raji JA, Frame B, Little D, Santoso TJ, Wang K. Agrobacterium- and Biolistic-Mediated Transformation of Maize B104 Inbred. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1676:15-40. [PMID: 28986902 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7315-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation of maize inbred genotypes remains non-routine for many laboratories due to variations in cell competency to induce embryogenic callus, as well as the cell's ability to receive and incorporate transgenes into the genome. This chapter describes two transformation protocols using Agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated methods for gene delivery. Immature zygotic embryos of maize inbred B104, excised from ears harvested 10-14 days post pollination, are used as starting explant material. Disarmed Agrobacterium strains harboring standard binary vectors and the biolistic gun system Bio-Rad PDS-1000/He are used as gene delivery systems. The herbicide resistant bar gene and selection agent bialaphos are used for identifying putative transgenic type I callus events. Using the step-by-step protocols described here, average transformation frequencies (number of bialaphos resistant T0 callus events per 100 explants infected or bombarded) of 4% and 8% can be achieved using the Agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated methods, respectively. An estimated duration of 16-21 weeks is needed using either protocol from the start of transformation experiments to obtaining putative transgenic plantlets with established roots. In addition to laboratory in vitro procedures, detailed greenhouse protocols for producing immature ears as transformation starting material and caring for transgenic plants for seed production are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Raji
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.,Center for Plant Transformation, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
| | - Bronwyn Frame
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.,Center for Plant Transformation, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
| | - Daniel Little
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.,Center for Plant Transformation, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
| | - Tri Joko Santoso
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.,Center for Plant Transformation, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.,Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD-IAARD), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA. .,Center for Plant Transformation, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA.
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100
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Basso MF, da Cunha BADB, Ribeiro AP, Martins PK, de Souza WR, de Oliveira NG, Nakayama TJ, Augusto das Chagas Noqueli Casari R, Santiago TR, Vinecky F, Cançado LJ, de Sousa CAF, de Oliveira PA, de Souza SACD, Cançado GMDA, Kobayashi AK, Molinari HBC. Improved Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Embryogenic Callus Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2:221-239. [PMID: 31725972 DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a monocotyledonous semi-perennial C4 grass of the Poaceae family. Its capacity to accumulate high content of sucrose and biomass makes it one of the most important crops for sugar and biofuel production. Conventional methods of sugarcane breeding have shown several limitations due to its complex polyploid and aneuploid genome. However, improvement by biotechnological engineering is currently the most promising alternative to introduce economically important traits. In this work, we present an improved protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of commercial sugarcane hybrids using immature top stalk-derived embryogenic callus cultures. The callus cultures are transformed with preconditioned A. tumefaciens carrying a binary vector that encodes expression cassettes for a gene of interest and the bialaphos resistance gene (bar confers resistance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicide). This protocol has been used to successfully transform a commercial sugarcane cultivar, SP80-3280, highlighting: (i) reduced recalcitrance and oxidation; (ii) high yield of embryogenic callus; (iii) improved selection; and (iv) shoot regeneration and rooting of the transformed plants. Altogether, these improvements generated a transformation efficiency of 2.2%. This protocol provides a reliable tool for a routine procedure for sugarcane improvement by genetic engineering. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernando Basso
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Andrade Dias Brito da Cunha
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Polyana Kelly Martins
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Wagner Rodrigo de Souza
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Nelson Geraldo de Oliveira
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jonas Nakayama
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Raphael Augusto das Chagas Noqueli Casari
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Thais Ribeiro Santiago
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vinecky
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Letícia Jungmann Cançado
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antônio Ferreira de Sousa
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Patricia Abrão de Oliveira
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo Magela de Almeida Cançado
- The Joint Research Unit for Genomics Applied to Climate Change (UMIP GenClima), National Center for Agricultural Informatics (CNPTIA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adilson Kenji Kobayashi
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Hugo Bruno Correa Molinari
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Agroenergy Research (CNPAE), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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